Clonal Propagation of Acacia Koa Gray By Tissue Culture and Conventional Methods
Date
1977
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Asexual propagation techniques were required to vegetatively increase large Acacia koa Gray trees that had been selected for their superior growth and form in the forest. Experiments indicated that only material in the juvenile condition was suited to this purpose. Root suckers and stem sprouts were the source of material from the mature, forest-grown trees. Material from seedlings was also used in some tissue culture work. Success was achieved with tissue culture of seedling material and unrooted shoots were obtained from root sucker material. Root suckers were also successfully propagated by mist rooting of cuttings, and air layering, but not by other methods which included grafting, aseptic organ culture, and shoot induction from root cuttings.
Numerous complete plants of one clone and shoots of another were produced by aseptic culture of shoot tip tissue. Shoots were formed in cell suspension cultures as well as from callus on agar. Callus was induced and increased most effectively in a liquid basal medium of Murashige and Skoog supplemented with 1.0 mg/£ each of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, napthaleneacetic acid, para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, benzyladenine, 6yy dimethylallyladenine, zeatin, kinetin, and benzylaminobenzimidazole.
Callus from a seedling shoot tip formed shoots during sequential benzyladenine, coconut milk treatments. Shoots of one seedling shoot tip callus proliferated and elongated on a low benzyladenine medium and were rooted in agar media containing indolebutyric acid. Functional roots were obtained by growth in a liquid medium. Plants required intensive aftercare before planting in the field, where they developed into trees of normal appearance.
Callus from root sucker tips formed shoots in suspension cultures and on agar media containing dimethylallyladenine. Shoots were elongated on the basal medium without growth regulators and occasionally formed non-functional roots on low salt media or on media with reduced sucrose.
The three successful methods—tissue culture, air layering, and mist rooting— are as yet practical only for experimental purposes. All need more refinement if they are to be used for mass propagation. Clonal variation among propagules may be large. The practicality of vegetatively propagating Acacia koa must be determined by clonal progeny tests of the plants being produced. Propagules in one such test have shown possible problems with topophysis.
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