Sea Level Rise Exposure of Cultural Sites in Koʻolaupoko

Abstract

This study assesses the exposure of Hawaiian cultural sites in the Koʻolaupoko region of Oʻahu to Sea Level Rise (SLR). Koʻolaupoko is home to numerous culturally significant sites and storied places (Wahi Pana), including but not limited to heiau, fishponds, paddling hālau, fishing shrines, loʻi kalo, pōhaku, and iwi kūpuna, many of which are situated along the coastline. Using a newly created Hawaiian Cultural Site layer, SLR exposure models from the Climate Resilience Collaborative, and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, the exposure of selected sites was mapped at each predicted foot of sea level rise from 1-4 ft (2020-2100). The analysis indicates that a significant number of these Wahi Pana are located within areas projected to experience chronic flooding, erosion, and increased wave action. The results suggest that at 4 ft of SLR, more than half of the identified cultural sites may be at risk of inundation, and exposure to Wahi Pana at just 1 ft SLR. This research highlights the need for adaptive strategies that integrate cultural preservation with coastal management, ensuring that these important sites are protected for future generations. Additionally, collaboration with local communities and cultural practitioners is essential for developing resilient and culturally sensitive adaptation plans.