The Effect of Spirotetramat Applied against Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, on Pineapple, Ananas comosus, and Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum
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2015-05
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University of Hawaii at Manoa
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Abstract
Reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, is a major pest of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and many vegetable crops in Hawaii reducing yields by 26.8-50%. Damage thresholds are low (300-1000 nematodes/250 cm3 soil) and host-plant resistance is lacking. Therefore management of reniform nematode depends on other tactics. Spirotetramat is a systemic phloem-and-xylem mobility pesticide which acts as a lipid biosynthesis inhibitor. Lipids play a significant physiological role in molting and embryogenesis in plant-parasitic nematodes, hence spirotetramat may provide a viable nematode management tool. The objective of this research was to determine if spirotetramat was active against reniform nematode. An in vitro assay was conducted where reniform nematode eggs were subjected to different spirotetramat rates to assess its effect on hatching. A greenhouse experiment pot experiment where 14-day-old tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants were transplanted, inoculated and treated with spirotetramat to assess nematode penetration. A second greenhouse assays were conducted in which 4-month-old potted-pineapple plants were treated with different rates of spirotetramat 1 month post-inoculation (Pi) with R. reniformis and terminated at 4 or 10 months post-treatment (Pt) to assess nematode population and plant growth. A third greenhouse trial was conducted in which tomato plants were treated 14 days Pi and terminated 14 days Pt or 28 days Pi to assess nematode fertility. Spirotetramat treatment 14 days prior to inoculation significantly reduced 92% nematode eggs/g of root. Nematode hatch was similar in all treatments. Penetration was suppressed 100% at 50 g/ha in the tomato greenhouse experiment. In the pineapple trial, 200 g a.i/ha reduced 93% nematode eggs/g of root and increased 34% pineapple growth. Rhizosphere vermiform nematodes/g of root was reduced 89% at 88 g a.i/ha. The lack of effect on hatching implies that spirotetramat is only active through nematode ingestion. Spirotetramat affected reniform nematode fertility on tomato and pineapple. Spirotetramat holds potential for management of reniform nematode in pineapple and vegetable crops.
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Nematode diseases of plants--Control, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Spirotetramat
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Theses for the degree of Master of Science (University of Hawaii at Manoa). Plant & Environmental Protection Sciences
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