The Meaning Of Generosity: A Subjective Culture Study In India

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2020

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University of Hawaii at Manoa

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To understand the meaning of generosity or udAratA as conceptualized in the Indian culture, the Amar Chitra Katha series of children’s storybooks were examined in a series of five studies employing a grounded theory methodology. Each study resulted in a substantive model of generosity. Four expressions of generosity, dAnam or giving, tyAga or sacrificing, kSamA or forgiving, and tyAga or renouncing emerged from the study. Eleven antecedents to generosity (kartavya bhAva or sense of duty, saGga bhAva or sense of identity, karunA bhAva or sense of empathy, niSThA bhAva or sense of personal principle, santuSTa bhAva or sense of contentment, parasparatA bhAva or sense of reciprocity, mitratva bhAva or sense of friendship, utsava bhAva or sense of celebration, sammAna bhAva or sense of appreciation, deza bhakti or sense of patriotism, and pazcAttApa or sense of repentance), ten moderators of generosity (parAkrama or courage, dhRti or resilience, pAtratA or worthiness of receiver, aucitya or worthiness of given item, yajJa or giving together, prArthanA or asking, prayatna or efforts, parArtha or interceding, udAharana or role modelling, and dakSiNA or honorarium), and the consequences of generosity (positive outcomes like freedom from suffering, peace of mind, happiness, and honor and negative outcomes like loss of wealth, happiness, life) from the Indian worldview also emerged from the analysis. The synthesis of the five substantive models resulted in two formal models of generosity. These models were further synthesized in light of other Indian texts and by considering core aspects of Indian culture, which presented a thick description of udAratA or generosity in the Indian cultural milieu.

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