The Extinction of Endemic Species by a Program of Biological Control
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1984-04
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University of Hawai'i Press
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Abstract
Land snails of the genus Partula, inhabiting the high islands of the
Pacific Ocean, have provided exceptional opportunities for studies oil the origin
and differentiation of species: The endemic taxa of Moorea, in French Polynesia,
have been particularly well studied.
In an attempt to control the numbers of the giant African snail, Achatina
fulica, which is an agricultural pest, a carnivorous snail, Euglandina rosea; has
been introduced into Moorea. It is spreading across the island at the rate of about
1.2 km per year, eliminating the endemic Partula. One species is already extinct
in the wild ; and extrapolating the rate of spread of Ezigltmdina , it is expected that
all the remaining taxa (possibly excepting P. exigua) will be eliminated by
1986-1987.
Euglandina has been introduced into many other oceanic . islands, and it
appears that more than a hundred endemic species are at risk . These observations
point to a serious danger in programs of " biological control. "
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Clarke B, Murray J, Johnson MS. 1984. The extinction of endemic species by a program of biological control. Pac Sci 38(2): 97-104.
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