Prototyping of reflective metasurfaces and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces using liquid metal

Abstract

5G communication networks promise enhanced connectivity with higher speeds and larger bandwidth. Due to their reliance on higher frequency bands, these networks are subject to connectivity challenges such as line-of-sight requirements and sensitivity to physical obstacles. Anomalous reflectors, such as reflectarrays, reflective metasurfaces, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, offer a low-cost, passive/semi-passive solution for re-establishing connectivity between a blocked line-of-sight path. These devices work by redirecting incident signals towards the desired direction. This thesis focuses on the use of Galinstan liquid metal, a high electrical conductivity and deformable alloy, to replace typical materials used by anomalous reflectors. Using liquid metal, progressing degrees of reconfigurability are explored to improve connectivity for 5G frequency bands.