Unlocking Ecosystem Potential: Balancing Supply and Demand in Open Government Data – A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives aim to strengthen democratic structures through transparency and participation. However, early research focused heavily on benefits and supply, overlooking user needs and stakeholder dynamics, resulting in still low OGD usage. This study employs a systematic literature review to propose an integrative OGD ecosystem, identifying key influencing factors, interaction mechanisms, and value generation potential. Findings highlight that demand-side factors – personal, usage-related, and environmental – are central to OGD usage, while supply-side performance depends on resources, organizational, and environmental factors. Datasets form the baseline for usage, but social tools and features can significantly contribute to a functioning ecosystem. In addition to common benefit categories, our model introduces risks as a relevant but often neglected impact. Our holistic perspective reveals important interdependencies and promotes an integrated understanding of the OGD landscape.