Real-Time Comparison of Laser Deconfliction Status Across Maunakea Laser Systems (Keck 1, Keck 2, Subaru, and Robo-AO-2)
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Abstract
This video provides a real-time temporal simulation evaluating the open-time availability of four laser guide star adaptive optics systems on Maunakea (Keck 1, Keck 2, Subaru, and Robo-AO-2) over the night of UTC 2025 November 21. Using Program Approval Messages (PAMs) returned by the Laser Clearinghouse (LCH), the visualization demonstrates that while Keck 1, Keck 2, and Robo-AO-2 achieve high median open fractions (~96.3%–96.4% for 1 s integrations) due to operating with a 0.1° keep-out-cone (KOC) half-angle, Subaru experiences a reduced open fraction (88.4%) because its registration remained at the default 2.5° KOC half-angle.
Description
A four-panel animated video displaying polar coordinate sky maps (Azimuth 0°–360° along the perimeter, Elevation 40° at the outer ring to 90° at zenith) for Keck 1 (top-left, blue), Keck 2 (top-right, orange), Subaru (bottom-left, green), and Robo-AO-2 (bottom-right, pink) on UTC 2025 November 21. Each sky map is tiled with Fixed Field of View (FFoV) target regions (~3.7° in elevation). Regions where laser propagation is permitted are filled with their respective observatory colors, while regions prohibited due to satellite deconfliction are rendered in solid white. As time progresses at 3-second resolution, white satellite closure zones traverse the sky maps. Subaru displays noticeably larger, expanded white closure regions compared to the other three telescopes.
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800x900 pixels. Duration of 4m40s.
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Animation
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MovingImage
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Analysis of Laser-Satellite Deconfliction for Astronomical Observatories
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States
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