Human-centricity in a Sustainable Digital Economy

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    Human-centric Personal Data Protection and Consenting AssistantSystems: Towards a Sustainable Digital Economy
    ( 2022-01-04) Human, Soheil ; Alt, Rainer ; Habibnia, Hooman ; Neumann, Gustaf
    With the growing digital transformation, increasingly more personal data is produced, collected, shared, and used. Online privacy has become one of the most significant challenges for co-creating digital artefacts in a sustainable digital world. This paper presents the results of a representative study on online privacy conducted in Austria, which shows a growing need for personalized and human-centric sociotechnical solutions which empower humans to exercise their rights to online privacy, consenting and agency. We call such systems Personal Data Protection and Consenting Assistant Systems (PDPCAS). Using a human-centric perspective on privacy and consenting, which is inspired by recent advancements in cognitive sciences and sociology of science and technology, as well as the results of our representative study, combined with the results of a set of interdisciplinary expert interviews, we provide a reflection on PDPCASs, which mainly includes the functional and non-functional requirements of such systems. Based on the results of our studies, we reflect on the main challenges for the development and adaptation of PDPCASs. We argue that besides the absence of supporting automation standards, the lack of enforceability, and the technical complexities of developing human-centric PDPCASs, the user-acceptance and user experience design pose significant challenges to realizing these systems in practice. Finally, the paper provides a short reflection on the importance of human-centric PDPCASs for the co-creation of a sustainable digital economy.
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    Empower the Workforce, Empower the Company? Citizen Development Adoption
    ( 2022-01-04) Hoogsteen, Doortje ; Borgman, Hans
    IT departments today face a substantial backlog of business innovation-related activities and struggle with a shortage of software developers. Low-code development platforms can help solve these issues by using technology to empower end-users without programming background to participate in the software development process. This trend is referred to as “citizen development.” Through six case studies, this study advances our understanding of the factors that influence organizational citizen development adoption decisions. We use an extended technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework, which enhances the explanatory power of the base TOE framework. Our results show that multiple risk perceptions, active top management support, project-based business-IT alignment, centralized IT governance, and business network systems influence organizational citizen development adoption decisions. Based on the results, we discuss academic and practical implications and suggestions for future research.
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    Empowering Consumers to Make Environmentally Sustainable Online Shopping Decisions: A Digital Nudging Approach
    ( 2022-01-04) Michels, Leonard ; Ochmann, Jessica ; Günther, Sebastian A. ; Laumer, Sven ; Tiefenbeck, Verena
    An ever-increasing share of people is using online shopping to satisfy their consumer needs. This has led to a vivid discussion regarding the environmental sustainability of e-commerce that also emphasized the role that consumer's decisions can play in mitigating its negative impacts. However, while many individuals state that they are willing to act more sustainably, they often struggle to follow through with their `green' intentions. We propose digital nudging as an approach to encourage environmentally sustainable online shopping decisions and empower consumers to act in line with their intentions. In an online experiment with 323 participants, we evaluate the effectiveness of three different nudging interventions (defaults, active choice, and self-nudging) to promote environmentally sustainable shipping options in an online store and assess the consumers' ethics and empowerment perceptions of the nudges. We find that all nudges are effective in changing decisions, but default nudges lead to negative perceptions among consumers.
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    Barriers to a Well-Functioning Digital Market: Exploring Dark Patterns and How to Overcome Them
    ( 2022-01-04) Kitkowska, Agnieszka ; Högberg , Johan ; Wästlund, Erik
    In a well-functioning digital economy, consumers should be able to make autonomous and informed choices, and companies compete fairly. One of the barriers preventing such well-functioning is dark patterns—designs that mislead users into making specific purchase-related choices. In this research, through a qualitative inquiry (expert interviews), we classify dark patterns based on the harmful ways such designs affect the digital market. Moreover, we analyze data using the behavior change framework and illustrate ways to prevent dark patterns and grant consumers greater protection and autonomy. Our exploratory results outline potential solutions policymakers might apply to improve digital market well-functioning.
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    Introduction to the Minitrack on Human-centricity in a Sustainable Digital Economy
    ( 2022-01-04) Human, Soheil ; Neumann, Gustaf ; Alt, Rainer