Emerging Issues in e-Collaboration Distributed Group Decision-Making: Opportunities and Challenges

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https://hdl.handle.net/10125/72123

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    The Rise and Fall of Collective Identity: Understanding Antecedents and Inhibitors of Social Identification in Distributed Teams
    ( 2021-01-05) Mccarthy, Stephen ; O'Raghallaigh, Paidi ; Fitzgerald, Ciara ; Adam, Frédéric
    The diverse backgrounds of distributed team members can pose unique challenges during decision-making processes. Notable of these is the gradual emergence of social identities, where individuals seek to form new social groupings within the temporal context of a project. However, our understanding of social identity within distributed teams remains nascent. Drawing on Social Identity Theory (SIT) and in-depth case study findings, we investigate the impact of social identity on decision-making in a distributed healthcare systems development team. Contrary to SIT, we see the dissolution of distinct social groupings and rise of individualism within the project. Based on our findings, we discover five inhibitors which can impede social identification in distributed teams: role ambiguity, absence of a collective vision, transfer of ownership, lack of shared history, and incompatible personalities. We extend SIT to include antecedents of collective identities (e.g. distinctiveness, prestige, salience of out-group), as well as inhibitors which foster individualism.
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    Herding in Virtual Teams: A Three Stage Model
    ( 2021-01-05) Aggarwal, A.
    Herding has been studied in the context of people imitating leader(s) or in the context of animals following other animals. Research related to teams, however, is limited. Herding can lead to functional or dysfunctional teams resulting in optimal, sub-optimal or no outcome. We study herding in context of teams with a measurable outcome and discuss how they impact group performance. We use Conradt’s model of four levels of decision making with group member’s characteristics (incompetent, indifferent, imitator and interactor) and propose a three stage model to study herding. Our study indicates that herding is dynamic and develops as levels of communication changes with incompetence and indifference of members. Our study also reveals that ”partial” herding can occur where some group member(s) herd while others continue the work. This study is significant since it includes indifference and incompetence as two new factors that can lead to herding possibly leading to sub optimal results. Professors/managers making teams should pay attention to incompetence to avoid herding and suboptimal results. Future research areas are also discussed.
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    Gesture Recognition with non-contact sensor for Natural User Interface in the COVID-19 era
    ( 2021-01-05) Nitta, Yoshihisa ; Ichikawa, Himawari ; Murayama, Yuko
    COBID-19, an infectious disease transmitted by droplet and contact, is prevalent. In order to reduce the risk of contact infection, various operations should be performed in silence and non-contact. A user interface using non-contact sensors is effective in such an environment. Among them, Natural User Interface based on Gesture Recognition using non-contact sensors are useful, we think. We have developed our NUI system in which the user instructs the computer in a full-body gesture. In this paper, we discuss several methods available for gesture recognition based on skeleton recognition. And, for some of the gesture recognition systems we have implemented with the combination of such methods, the design policy and experimental results of each are presented.
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    Designing Warning Interfaces causing Discomfort for Awareness of Risks: Revisited
    ( 2021-01-05) Ami, Otsuka ; Fujihara, Yasuhiro ; Murayama, Yuko ; Aoyagi, Tatsuya
    Making users aware of the risk by giving them a sense of discomfort and helping them not to access dangerous sites is crucial. Thus, we focus on developing a warning interface, causing discomfort, allowing smartphone users to be aware of danger and risks. We studied discomfort feelings while using smartphones and extracted five discomfort factors from a questionnaire survey and factor analysis. We implemented a prototype of warning interfaces for web browsing on a smartphone considering five factors. In the experiments, we have found that three factors out of the five, namely, “Unintended operation or display,” “Sudden changes,” and “Understanding of the application,” are significant for risk awareness, while the other two are not. This paper reports on the findings of the study.
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