MODULATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME OF HYBRID TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS X. O. MOSSAMBICUS) USING ALTERNATIVE FEED INGREDIENTS
MODULATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME OF HYBRID TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS X. O. MOSSAMBICUS) USING ALTERNATIVE FEED INGREDIENTS
Date
2019
Authors
MacDonald, Alyssa
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Jha, Rajesh
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Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is a dynamic ecosystem made up of bacteria, fungi, and protists, which together promote the overall health of the host. It regulates digestion and absorption of nutrients, prevents colonization of the intestinal tract by pathogenic organisms, drives the development of the host immune system, and even regulates chemical processes outside of the gastrointestinal tract, including the brain. Modulation of the intestinal microbiome can promote the growth and health of commercially important agriculture and aquaculture species in order to increase production and reduce costs. Probiotics, live beneficial bacteria incorporated in feed, and prebiotics, non-digestible feed ingredients, primarily inulin and oligosaccharides, are two of the primary modulation techniques used currently in aquaculture. Probiotics promote the colonization of the gut by the bacterial species of interest, while prebiotics promote the growth of beneficial bacteria by providing a substrate and feed source for the microbes. While there has been a lot of research on alternative feed ingredients to reduce cost and reliance on wild-caught fish in aquaculture feed, there are few studies on the effect of these feed ingredients on the intestinal microbiome. Many of these alternative ingredients are plant-based and thus provide a natural level of potential prebiotics that would modulate the intestinal microbiome of the aquaculture species. Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) are the most widespread aquaculture species in the world due to their relative fecundity, omnivorous feeding habits, and tolerance of marginal growing conditions, making them ideal study species for alternative feed ingredients. The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the modulation of the intestinal microbiome of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus) using alternative feed ingredients as potential prebiotics. Next generation sequencing was utilized to determine how the microbiome changes with alternative carbohydrate, protein, and lipid sources. The results of this work suggest that moringa leaf (Moringa stenopetala), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and microalgae (Arthrospira platensis and Schizochytrium limacinum) can be included up to 12%, 26.2%, and 100%, respectively, without significantly slowing the growth parameters, making them acceptable feed alternatives. Additionally, the three alternative feed ingredients significantly altered the microbiome of hybrid tilapia.
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Molecular biology,
Animal sciences,
Alternative Feed,
Intestinal Microbiota,
Tilapia
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102 pages
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