Protein-Rich Fungal Biomass Cultivation on Agro-Industrial Wastes/Residues for Aquaculture Feed Production with Simultaneous Organic Removal.
Protein-Rich Fungal Biomass Cultivation on Agro-Industrial Wastes/Residues for Aquaculture Feed Production with Simultaneous Organic Removal.
Date
2017-12
Authors
Batsaikhan, Misheel
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Biological Engineering
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Global aquaculture industry faces an ever increasing challenges of acquiring feed that is cost efficient yet environmentally sustainable. Single cell protein (SCP) from the edible fungus R.oligosporus has high potential as aquaculture feed as it is nonpathogenic to humans and has high essential amino acid and fatty acid content for fish feed. Additionally, to minimize cost and promote sustainable development, fungal protein can be cultivated on low-cost wastes/residues, preferably from agricultural industries which are high in organics and nutrients. In this research, fungal biomass was investigated for its ability to grow on variety of agro-industrial wastes/residues. Sugarcane molasses, unmarketable papaya juice, and sugarcane vinasse were examined for their potential as substrates. Efficiency of organics removal, quantified as soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) was also examined to determine feasibility of the process as a bioremediation technology. Small scale optimization studies showed that the fungus can successfully be cultivated on all three of the agro-industrial wastes/residues. Molasses, however, yielded the highest specific fungal biomass of 0.41 ± 0.02 (g biomass/g sCOD removed) at COD concentration of 50 g/L, and pH of 5.0. Both molasses and vinasse achieved fungal pellet growth, while papaya juice only supported free mycelial growth.
Sugarcane molasses was selected for the bench-scale studies to further demonstrate the feasibility of the bioremediation process. Fungal fermentation was conducted in two 2.5-L working volume bubble column reactors. Maximum fungal biomass yield of 4 grams of dry biomass per liter of molasses was achieved after 48 hours of cultivation. Organics removal of 56 ± 4.23 % (quantified as % sCOD removed) as well as significant solids and nutrients removal were also obtained. However, bacterial contamination was detected beginning at 16 hours post
spore inoculation, and may have assisted the organics and nutrient removal. Molasses-derived fungal biomass had a protein content (38%), essential fatty acid profile and in vitro protein digestibility (~80%) comparable to that of commercial fish feed. Importantly, lysine, a limiting amino acid in fish feed, was in high amount (8.6%).
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