Information Systems in the Regulatory Landscape
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Item Can Generative AI even Climb the High Mountains? An Identification of Resistance Factors and Forms among Legal Practitioners(2025-01-07) Nasir, Muhammad Akash Bin; Matt, ChristianIn the realm of professional services, the introduction of new technologies often meets with initial skepticism and resistance. This is notably observed in the legal sector, where many practitioners are resistant towards new technologies. Given the sensitive data and consequences of wrong advice, Generative AI (GenAI) may even have a more difficult stand in legal domain. Grounded in Innovation Resistance Theory, this study aims to explore the factors driving legal practitioners’ resistance towards GenAI through semi-structured interviews with 16 legal professionals in German-speaking region (DACH) and their influence on three forms of resistance, i.e., postponement, opposition, and rejection. We obtained a comprehensive list of factors and found that particularly risk and tradition barriers have significant effect on legal professionals’ resistance. Moreover, we contribute to theory by identifying "conditional resistance" as a new form of resistance and provide practical implications on how to enable better diffusion of GenAI in legal domain.Item Copyright and the Dynamics of Innovation in Artificial Intelligence(2025-01-07) Peukert, ChristianCopyright can determine access to data, which may, in turn, affect innovation in Artificial Intelligence (AI). In this paper, we conduct an empirical analysis to investigate the relationship between copyright and the dynamics of AI innovation. Some countries provide exceptions in copyright law that are relevant for AI, particularly concerning text and data mining and the doctrine of fair use. The study takes a global perspective, comparing different countries based on the breadth of exceptions in copyright law. We find that countries with broader copyright exceptions tend to exhibit higher levels of AI innovation, as measured in a larger number of AI research publications, more active participation in open-source AI projects, increased AI patent filings, and a higher rate of AI venture formation. These findings suggest that statutory provisions enabling data access can be pivotal in fostering AI innovation. However, while broad copyright exceptions may support current AI innovation by allowing the use of existing works, they might also inadvertently discourage the creation of new works, leading to negative long-term consequences for the availability and quality of training data. We discuss how mandatory licensing may provide a setting that aligns the dynamic incentives of rightsholders and AI developers.Item Critically Comparing Global AI Regulations(2025-01-07) Silva, Eryclis R. B.; Kilhoffer, Zachary; Oh, Sang H.; Sanfilippo, Madelyn RoseArtificial Intelligence (AI) regulations, addressing associated rights, limits of use, issues of bias, and accountability mechanisms have been introduced or adopted by numerous national, regional, and municipal governments. This paper comparatively examines global governance via regulatory documents from 64 countries, as well as the European Union and African Union. Leveraging mixed methods, we evaluate: changes in proposed AI regulation over time, topical and document similarities in policy priorities, hedging and uncertainty that may impact enforceability, and whose interests are reflected in policy parameters. Results indicate: regulatory capture by industry in North and South America; decolonial dissent in Africa against emerging global consensus; and rhetorical and substantive similarities across nations. In addition to providing practical policy recommendations, this research applies multi-modal governance conceptualizations to AI and presents a research agenda.Item A Systematic Analysis of Data Protection Regulations(2025-01-07) Klymenko, Alexandra; Meisenbacher, Stephen; Polat, Ali Asaf; Matthes, FlorianData privacy has become central to the discussion surrounding the ever-growing usage of user data for advanced information systems. A strong legal response has come in the form of comprehensive and far-reaching data protection regulations, most notably spearheaded by the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Following in the footsteps of the GDPR, similar regulations have surfaced globally. With this steadily rising number of regulations, it becomes increasingly difficult to stay informed about new regulatory specifics; moreover, performing a comparative analysis of regulations can be quite complex. In this work, we perform a systematic analysis of 14 prominent data protection regulations from eight countries and the European Union, identifying a set of regulatory "aspects" as the basis for a comparative analysis. We present an artifact with side-by-side comparisons of these aspects for all selected regulations, helping researchers and practitioners alike who wish to comprehend the current data protection regulation landscape.Item Consumer Health Data: Regulation, Governance, and Innovation(2025-01-07) Davidson, Elizabeth; Winter, JeniferConsumers are increasingly turning to mobile health applications (apps) for healthcare needs. Enthusiasm for their transformational potential is widespread, though there are concerns about ensuring ethical and socially beneficial uses of the person health data they generate. Here we consider, how can consumer health data be governed, so as to preserve individual privacy, choice, and autonomy while also facilitating their potential to contribute to health system innovation and research? Our goals in this paper are to highlight key data governance challenges related to consumer health data, particularly concerning regulatory oversight of these types of data, and then to outline an agenda for IS research, curriculum development, and engagement activities in this domain. We review sources of consumer health data, special governance challenges with this type of data, and emerging regulatory approaches relevant to consumer health data governance, and highlight research and pedagogy opportunities for IS scholars.Item On the Role of Regulation in Information Systems Research: Literature Review and Research Agenda(2025-01-07) Wurzer, Antonia; Vom Brocke, JanRegulation is key for effective information systems use and emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), place particular challenges for regulation, as functionalities of these technologies are largely unknown at time of regulation. This study systematically reviews the body of knowledge on regulation in Information Systems (IS) research. The review identifies two research streams, (1) regulation of IS and (2) regulation through IS. We elaborate on three thematic areas regulation imposes in IS research – (1) the fragmented regulatory landscape (2) regulatory cost and (3) the impact of rapid technological change. The review proposes a research agenda to advance the understanding of IS regulation and highlight areas for further investigation.Item Introduction to the Minitrack on Information Systems in the Regulatory Landscape(2025-01-07) Burmeister, Fabian; Kurtz, Christian; Elkin-Koren, Niva; Mast, Tobias