Transcription 00:00:00.000 00:00:01.875 Transcription 00:00:01.875 00:00:08.300 There we go, okay. Transcription 00:00:08.300 00:00:11.000 What is the word for chase? Transcription 00:00:11.000 00:00:13.200 Chase? Transcription 00:00:13.200 00:00:14.000 tawaʔ Transcription 00:00:14.000 00:00:15.200 tawaʔ Transcription 00:00:15.200 00:00:17.925 t, a, w, a, k Transcription 00:00:17.925 00:00:19.075 tawaʔ Transcription 00:00:19.075 00:00:20.113 tawaʔ? Transcription 00:00:20.113 00:00:21.413 Yes, tawaʔ. Transcription 00:00:21.413 00:00:28.725 tawaʔ, okay, and so, then, how would I say, I chased the child away? Transcription 00:00:28.725 00:00:34.963 Okay, so, that's, there's another word for that, so to chase something away is to... Transcription 00:00:34.963 00:00:35.938 pibu Transcription 00:00:35.938 00:00:36.588 pibu Transcription 00:00:36.588 00:00:39.825 p, i, b, u Transcription 00:00:39.825 00:00:40.788 pibu? Transcription 00:00:40.788 00:00:45.663 Yeah, pibu, so bu, b, u, is the word for, to get away. Transcription 00:00:45.663 00:00:48.225 Yeah, I remember that from last time, yeah. Transcription 00:00:48.225 00:00:52.688 So pibu is like the verb form of that word. Transcription 00:00:52.688 00:00:58.513 Okay, so, okay, so what would be an example of a sentence using tawaʔ? Transcription 00:00:58.513 00:01:01.063 tawaʔ, tawaʔ is like... Transcription 00:01:01.063 00:01:04.975 kuʔ tawaʔ busiŋ Transcription 00:01:04.975 00:01:06.325 I chase the cat? Transcription 00:01:06.325 00:01:07.525 Yeah hhh Transcription 00:01:07.525 00:01:08.975 h you remembered that. Transcription 00:01:08.975 00:01:12.513 hhh h I remember some things. Okay. Transcription 00:01:12.513 00:01:16.988 Okay, so that's, like, I chased the cat, but not I chased the cat away? Transcription 00:01:16.988 00:01:18.900 Yeah, different words, yeah. Transcription 00:01:18.900 00:01:21.375 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:01:21.375 00:01:26.950 So interesting, so, using pibu, then, how would I say, I chased the child away? Transcription 00:01:26.950 00:01:28.275 Mm... Transcription 00:01:28.275 00:01:30.725 kuʔ pibu nak anoʔ Transcription 00:01:30.725 00:01:33.625 kuʔ pibu nak ndok Transcription 00:01:33.625 00:01:39.425 kuʔ pibu nak ndok Transcription 00:01:39.425 00:01:43.625 nak ndok, yeah, nak ndok is small child. Transcription 00:01:43.625 00:01:45.825 Or, you want to say, like, that child... Transcription 00:01:45.825 00:01:49.563 kuʔ pibu nak anoʔ Transcription 00:01:49.563 00:01:57.663 If you say, um, nak ndok, for small child, you don't have to say anoʔ, is that correct? Transcription 00:01:57.663 00:02:01.538 You can say anoʔ if you want to, like, specify that child, that, yeah. Transcription 00:02:01.538 00:02:16.300 Gotcha, okay, okay. Transcription 00:02:16.300 00:02:26.313 Okay, uh, okay, so then, what if I wanted to ask someone, like, give them a command, like, please chase the child away? Transcription 00:02:26.313 00:02:29.200 Um, I'll say... Transcription 00:02:29.200 00:02:39.363 bisaʔ u turuŋ pibu nak anoʔ Transcription 00:02:39.363 00:02:49.325 bisaʔ u turuŋ pibu nak anoʔ Transcription 00:02:49.325 00:02:52.013 [disa] u turuŋ...? Transcription 00:02:52.013 00:02:53.338 Yes, turuŋ. Transcription 00:02:53.338 00:02:54.075 pibu Transcription 00:02:54.075 00:02:55.250 [pubu naʔ] anoʔ? Transcription 00:02:55.250 00:02:56.975 anoʔ, yeah. Transcription 00:02:56.975 00:03:01.150 Okay, and, what is turuŋ? Transcription 00:03:01.150 00:03:03.338 turuŋ is help. Transcription 00:03:03.338 00:03:05.725 Okay, yeah, that's what I thought. Transcription 00:03:05.725 00:03:09.188 Yeah hh so, like, can you help...? Transcription 00:03:09.188 00:03:15.313 Chase the child away, okay, yeah, okay. Transcription 00:03:15.313 00:03:24.363 So, if I said, um, u bisaʔ turuŋ pibu nak anoʔ, would that just make it no longer, like, a command? Transcription 00:03:24.363 00:03:27.200 u bisaʔ, u, is it u bisaʔ? Transcription 00:03:27.200 00:03:27.675 Mhm. Transcription 00:03:27.675 00:03:29.825 u bisaʔ turuŋ pibu nak anoʔ Transcription 00:03:29.825 00:03:34.225 Yeah, now it's just more, more of like a statement, you can, yeah. Transcription 00:03:34.225 00:03:39.125 Yeah, so, you're like, you can help me do it, but you're not specifically asking them to do it. Transcription 00:03:39.125 00:03:39.913 Yeah, that's right. Transcription 00:03:39.913 00:03:52.850 Okay. Transcription 00:03:52.850 00:04:00.050 Okay, okay, so then, how would I say, the child was chased away? Transcription 00:04:00.050 00:04:01.250 Chased away? Transcription 00:04:01.250 00:04:06.200 nak anoʔ duə̯g pibu Transcription 00:04:06.200 00:04:12.050 nak anoʔ duə̯g pibu Transcription 00:04:12.050 00:04:17.663 Is that, so, is chase pibu or bibu? Transcription 00:04:17.663 00:04:20.288 pibu, p, i, b, u, pibu, yeah. Transcription 00:04:20.288 00:04:27.238 Okay, just wanted to make sure I got that right, that's what I had. Okay, so, nak anoʔ duə̯g pibu? Transcription 00:04:27.238 00:04:27.963 Yeah. Transcription 00:04:27.963 00:04:30.913 Okay. Transcription 00:04:30.913 00:04:36.900 Could you ever say, just, um, nak duə̯g pibu, without anoʔ? Transcription 00:04:36.900 00:04:39.550 # nak duə̯g pibu Transcription 00:04:39.550 00:04:42.200 # nak duə̯g pibu Transcription 00:04:42.200 00:04:48.500 nak duə̯g pibu, nak, nak, I- nak duə̯g pibu Transcription 00:04:48.500 00:04:54.100 I feel like it's never quite used because it doesn't feel complete, yeah. Transcription 00:04:54.100 00:04:56.275 # nak duə̯g pibu Transcription 00:04:56.275 00:04:56.788 Maybe... Transcription 00:04:56.788 00:04:58.263 nak iʔ duə̯g pibu Transcription 00:04:58.263 00:04:59.688 Like, yeah. Transcription 00:04:59.688 00:05:01.163 nak iʔ? Transcription 00:05:01.163 00:05:03.000 Yeah, nak iʔ duə̯g pibu. Transcription 00:05:03.000 00:05:05.650 And what would that mean, then, same thing? Transcription 00:05:05.650 00:05:30.700 Um, it means, his or her child has been chased away. Transcription 00:05:30.700 00:05:35.638 Uh, okay, so what if I wanted to say, um... Transcription 00:05:35.638 00:05:39.538 I don't have a specific child in mind, so I don't wanna say the child. Transcription 00:05:39.538 00:05:44.613 But I know that some child was chased away, like in English I would say, a child is chased away. Transcription 00:05:44.613 00:05:51.363 How would you say that in Bidayuh? Transcription 00:05:51.363 00:05:56.663 I think the most common way of, like, being general is saying giʔ. Transcription 00:05:56.663 00:05:58.075 There is, yeah, so... Transcription 00:05:58.075 00:05:59.125 giʔ nak, yeah. Transcription 00:05:59.125 00:06:01.438 giʔ nak duə̯g pibu Transcription 00:06:01.438 00:06:02.713 giʔ nak duə̯g pibu Transcription 00:06:02.713 00:06:19.750 Okay, cool. Transcription 00:06:19.750 00:06:23.100 Okay, okay, this is kind of a funny sentence h Transcription 00:06:23.100 00:06:31.075 Okay, how would I say, uh, Leo, your name, took a stick and hit me with it? Transcription 00:06:31.075 00:06:37.087 Mm h okay hh okay so, okay, so, if, so I took the stick first, and then hit you with it? Transcription 00:06:37.087 00:06:39.137 And then you smacked me. Transcription 00:06:39.137 00:06:39.712 Okay hh Transcription 00:06:39.712 00:06:42.025 hhh please don't actually do that hhhh Transcription 00:06:42.025 00:06:43.250 hh Transcription 00:06:43.250 00:06:46.012 Um, Leo mbit kiyuh Transcription 00:06:46.012 00:06:51.475 Leo mbit kiyuh Transcription 00:06:51.475 00:06:55.675 Leo mbit kiyuh ŋa, ŋa, maybe you can use ŋa. Transcription 00:06:55.675 00:07:00.175 Leo mbit kiyuh ŋa niʔ kuʔ Transcription 00:07:00.175 00:07:10.887 Leo mbit kiyuh ŋa, n, g, a, I think, ŋa, then niʔ, n, i, k, kuʔ, yeah. Transcription 00:07:10.887 00:07:14.750 Okay, so... Transcription 00:07:14.750 00:07:17.987 So we have mbit, mbit for took, is that correct? Transcription 00:07:17.987 00:07:18.775 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:07:18.775 00:07:23.625 Okay, okay, so, Leo mbit kiyuh, something, or a branch. Transcription 00:07:23.625 00:07:27.062 And then ŋa niʔ kiyuh- kuʔ? Transcription 00:07:27.062 00:07:32.562 Yeah, niʔ kuʔ, yeah, niʔ is hit, yeah, to hit or... Transcription 00:07:32.562 00:07:33.362 Yeah. Transcription 00:07:33.362 00:07:41.912 And ŋa here means, like, to, for? ŋa, ŋa niʔ kuʔ, ŋa niʔ kuʔ. Transcription 00:07:41.912 00:07:45.512 Yeah, you can actually use a lot of other, like you can use yon. Transcription 00:07:45.512 00:07:47.612 Leo mbit kiyuh yon niʔ kuʔ Transcription 00:07:47.612 00:07:55.562 Leo mbit kiyuh, uh okay, I just, I can think of yon and then ŋa, ŋa is more like... Transcription 00:07:55.562 00:08:00.200 It's like a function, like I can say, like, um... Transcription 00:08:00.200 00:08:04.475 səndaʔ atiʔ ŋa kəpog siap Transcription 00:08:04.475 00:08:06.975 This knife is for cutting chicken. Transcription 00:08:06.975 00:08:11.600 Hmm, okay, okay, can you say that sentence again for me? Transcription 00:08:11.600 00:08:19.350 səndaʔ atiʔ ŋa kəpog siap Transcription 00:08:19.350 00:08:23.375 səndaʔ atiʔ ŋa kəpog siap Transcription 00:08:23.375 00:08:24.825 kəpog, k, e, p, o, g. Transcription 00:08:24.825 00:08:25.775 kəpog Transcription 00:08:25.775 00:08:28.575 siap Transcription 00:08:28.575 00:08:33.875 And that means that knife is used for... Transcription 00:08:33.875 00:08:34.950 Cutting chicken, yeah. Transcription 00:08:34.950 00:08:35.900 For cutting chicken, okay. Transcription 00:08:35.900 00:08:39.900 Yeah. Transcription 00:08:39.900 00:08:44.900 I feel like ŋa is more like, um, it's telling a function. Transcription 00:08:44.900 00:08:55.112 Mhm, yeah, yeah, so in the sentence that we did, Leo mbit kiyuh ŋa niʔ kuʔ, it's like saying Leo took the stick and that used that to hit me with, right? Transcription 00:08:55.112 00:08:56.462 Yeah, exactly, yeah. Transcription 00:08:56.462 00:08:59.612 Perfect, yeap. Transcription 00:08:59.612 00:09:00.562 %ignore% Transcription 00:09:00.562 00:09:01.160 Okay. Transcription 00:09:01.160 00:09:07.720 %ignore% Transcription 00:09:07.720 00:09:15.940 Could I ever say that same sentence like this, Leo mbit kiyuh niʔ kuʔ? Transcription 00:09:15.940 00:09:17.680 Leo mbit- yeah, actually, yeah, you can. Transcription 00:09:17.680 00:09:20.910 You can? So you, you can say it without ŋa? Transcription 00:09:20.910 00:09:23.100 Yeah, Leo mbit kiyuh niʔ... Transcription 00:09:23.100 00:09:27.130 Yeah, yeah, I can imagine it being used like that. Transcription 00:09:27.130 00:09:28.900 Does that sound natural? Transcription 00:09:28.900 00:09:29.490 It does. Transcription 00:09:29.490 00:09:29.950 Okay. Transcription 00:09:29.950 00:09:32.810 Actually, yeah. Transcription 00:09:32.810 00:09:45.370 Cool. Transcription 00:09:45.370 00:09:51.310 It's like, it's not as complete as the previous sentence, but I feel like, if I were to hit you... Transcription 00:09:51.310 00:09:53.090 You would use this sentence, you know? It's... Transcription 00:09:53.090 00:09:53.940 Okay hhh Transcription 00:09:53.940 00:09:57.190 Yeah, it's more condensed, and you feel like you have to get it all out, like... Transcription 00:09:57.190 00:09:58.230 Okay. Transcription 00:09:58.230 00:09:59.390 hhh Transcription 00:09:59.390 00:10:05.140 Yeah, if I was like, oh my god, you just hit me with a stick! hhhhh okay Transcription 00:10:05.140 00:10:15.390 Um, okay. Transcription 00:10:15.390 00:10:21.875 Okay, so then, how would I say, I got hit by a stick? Transcription 00:10:21.875 00:10:27.350 kuʔ duə̯g niʔ kiyuh Transcription 00:10:27.350 00:10:37.750 kuʔ duə̯g niʔ kiyuh Transcription 00:10:37.750 00:10:46.200 Um, I think here, I might, um, specify the kiyuh. Transcription 00:10:46.200 00:10:48.612 Um, what's the word for branch? Transcription 00:10:48.612 00:10:53.175 kuʔ duə̯g niʔ bətaŋ kiyuh Transcription 00:10:53.175 00:10:57.150 Oh, like, bətaŋ, like tree branch, tree stick? Transcription 00:10:57.150 00:10:57.612 Yeah. Transcription 00:10:57.612 00:10:58.087 Okay. Transcription 00:10:58.087 00:11:01.012 Because, yeah, because here kiyuh is too general. Transcription 00:11:01.012 00:11:01.562 Yeah. Transcription 00:11:01.562 00:11:02.637 Something hit me. Transcription 00:11:02.637 00:11:07.037 Yeah, okay, so that's, bətaŋ is tree? Transcription 00:11:07.037 00:11:12.937 Yeah, bətaŋ, I think, I think bətaŋ is like from the Malay word, batang. Transcription 00:11:12.937 00:11:14.550 Um, okay. Transcription 00:11:14.550 00:11:18.287 Like, a piece of, almost like a branch. Transcription 00:11:18.287 00:11:22.087 Yeah, mhm. Transcription 00:11:22.087 00:11:24.450 But you would say, bətaŋ kiyuh? Transcription 00:11:24.450 00:11:27.662 Yeah, bətaŋ, it sounds like, b, e, t, a, n, g. Transcription 00:11:27.662 00:11:28.225 bətaŋ Transcription 00:11:28.225 00:11:36.262 Yeah. Transcription 00:11:36.262 00:11:42.112 Can bətaŋ stand on its own, or do you have to have kiyuh after it? Can you just say bətaŋ? Transcription 00:11:42.112 00:11:44.937 I feel like, no, yeah. Transcription 00:11:44.937 00:11:46.587 You have to have kiyuh after it? Transcription 00:11:46.587 00:11:47.900 Yeah, have kiyuh, yeah. Transcription 00:11:47.900 00:11:51.012 Okay. Transcription 00:11:51.012 00:11:56.550 It's almost as if bətaŋ is, like, an adjective, an adjective for kiyuh. Transcription 00:11:56.550 00:12:00.775 Mm, mhm, sure, yeah, I can see that, yeah, okay. Transcription 00:12:00.775 00:12:06.012 bətaŋ kiyuh, okay, so that's kuʔ duə̯g niʔ bətaŋ kiyuh? Transcription 00:12:06.012 00:12:06.712 Yeah. Transcription 00:12:06.712 00:12:20.100 Okay. Transcription 00:12:20.100 00:12:22.150 Okay, this might be a bit strange. Transcription 00:12:22.150 00:12:26.150 Could I ever say, duə̯g kuʔ niʔ bətaŋ kiyuh? Transcription 00:12:26.150 00:12:29.462 * duə̯g kuʔ niʔ bətaŋ kiyuh Transcription 00:12:29.462 00:12:30.862 Mhm. Transcription 00:12:30.862 00:12:36.712 duə̯g kuʔ niʔ, duə̯g kuʔ niʔ Transcription 00:12:36.712 00:12:40.912 duə̯g kuʔ niʔ, I... Transcription 00:12:40.912 00:12:45.600 duə̯g kuʔ niʔ, yeah, I don't, I cannot, like, make a sentence out of this, yeah. Transcription 00:12:45.600 00:12:49.524 Okay. Transcription 00:12:49.524 00:12:57.474 Okay, how would I say, um, he hit the window and broke it? Transcription 00:12:57.474 00:13:00.174 Hit the window... Transcription 00:13:00.174 00:13:10.262 yoh niʔ pənjan daʔ bətah Transcription 00:13:10.262 00:13:11.337 Yeah. Transcription 00:13:11.337 00:13:15.662 yoh niʔ pənjan daʔ bətah Transcription 00:13:15.662 00:13:27.099 yoh niʔ pənjan, p, e, n, j, a, n, daʔ bətah, b, e, t, a, h. Transcription 00:13:27.099 00:13:30.874 yoh niʔ pənjan...? Transcription 00:13:30.874 00:13:36.024 daʔ, d, a, k, daʔ, like the word for, to instruct. Transcription 00:13:36.024 00:13:39.137 Mhm, and then bətah? Transcription 00:13:39.137 00:13:43.224 Yeah, bətah, b, e, t, a, h. Transcription 00:13:43.224 00:13:48.137 Okay, um, bətah must mean broken? Transcription 00:13:48.137 00:13:51.137 Yeah, broken, bətah. Transcription 00:13:51.137 00:13:52.937 But it's not rusak? Transcription 00:13:52.937 00:13:59.787 Yeah, no, rusak is more like, yeah, like you broke s-, like... Transcription 00:13:59.787 00:14:01.949 Okay, I think bətah is more like shattered. Transcription 00:14:01.949 00:14:02.799 Yeah, okay. Transcription 00:14:02.799 00:14:09.299 Mhm, so you're assuming that the window has glass, and then that is shattered, so you use bətah? Transcription 00:14:09.299 00:14:18.312 Yeah, i- well, I think shattered is not the right tran- like word to translate it into, bətah is more like... Transcription 00:14:18.312 00:14:24.724 When some, like a whole piece is segmented or fractured into something else. Transcription 00:14:24.724 00:14:34.387 Sure, yeah, segmented is good, yeah, yeah, okay, that makes sense, mhm, okay. Transcription 00:14:34.387 00:14:36.149 Okay. Transcription 00:14:36.149 00:14:44.662 So stone can be bətah, wood also can bətah, and then, yeah, glass, of course, yeah. Transcription 00:14:44.662 00:15:06.762 Okay, stone, wood, glass, okay. Transcription 00:15:06.762 00:15:15.324 Uh, could you ever say that sentence without daʔ, so just, yoh niʔ pənjan bətah? Transcription 00:15:15.324 00:15:19.137 Um, yeah, but it doesn't mean the same thing anymore. Transcription 00:15:19.137 00:15:20.049 yoh niʔ pənjan bətah Transcription 00:15:20.049 00:15:24.987 Means she or he hit a broken window. Transcription 00:15:24.987 00:15:29.212 Oh, okay, yeah, okay, so the window was already broken? Transcription 00:15:29.212 00:15:30.049 Mm. Transcription 00:15:30.049 00:15:42.074 Yeah, that makes sense. Transcription 00:15:42.074 00:15:43.324 Okay. Transcription 00:15:43.324 00:15:48.512 Okay, so how would I ask the question, um, why did you hit me? Transcription 00:15:48.512 00:15:50.324 may u niʔ kuʔ? Transcription 00:15:50.324 00:15:52.474 may u niʔ kuʔ? Transcription 00:15:52.474 00:15:55.599 may u niʔ kuʔ? Transcription 00:15:55.599 00:16:00.524 If you hit me with a stick, this is what I'm gonna ask you hhhhhhhh Transcription 00:16:00.524 00:16:03.824 may u niʔ kuʔ, okay. Transcription 00:16:03.824 00:16:09.824 Uh, could I ever say, u niʔ kuʔ may? Transcription 00:16:09.824 00:16:17.849 Yeah, yeah, you can say that, but I've heard it used almost like, um... Transcription 00:16:17.849 00:16:21.462 How do I...? Transcription 00:16:21.462 00:16:30.212 Okay, okay, so I hit you, and then after that we, like, argue, and then, maybe you did something back to me. Transcription 00:16:30.212 00:16:36.537 And then, if I argued back, and then you'll, you'll kinda say, u niʔ kuʔ may? Transcription 00:16:36.537 00:16:42.474 Why didn't, like, why did you hit me h, um, it's like a... Transcription 00:16:42.474 00:16:47.362 It's like a, okay, so... Transcription 00:16:47.362 00:16:53.924 Okay, you've returned my, my hurt, like I've hurt you and then you've returned that. Transcription 00:16:53.924 00:16:59.774 And because I'm arguing against that, and you, you'll kinda like... Transcription 00:16:59.774 00:17:02.174 So, why did you do that in the first place? You know? Transcription 00:17:02.174 00:17:04.924 Mm, sure, yeah, mhm. Transcription 00:17:04.924 00:17:13.287 Yeah, that makes sense, so it definitely requires more context than just, like, asking why did you hit me? It's almost like... Transcription 00:17:13.287 00:17:16.649 I'm, I'm re-emphasising that fact, like... Transcription 00:17:16.649 00:17:23.349 Uh, you hit me, I hit you, and now I'm like, you're the one who started it, like why did you start hitting me to begin with? Does that sound right? Transcription 00:17:23.349 00:17:24.324 Yes, yeah. Transcription 00:17:24.324 00:17:30.574 Okay. Transcription 00:17:30.574 00:17:37.349 ? Transcription 00:17:37.349 00:17:43.099 Uh, okay, um, how about, a rock hit the window and broke it? Transcription 00:17:43.099 00:17:51.287 Or a stone, either one's fine. Transcription 00:17:51.287 00:17:55.837 pənjan anoʔ bətah duə̯g batuh Transcription 00:17:55.837 00:18:21.512 pənjan anoʔ bətah duə̯g batuh Transcription 00:18:21.512 00:18:23.724 pənjan [ano] duə̯g batuh? Transcription 00:18:23.724 00:18:24.412 Um... Transcription 00:18:24.412 00:18:26.812 pənjan anoʔ bətah duə̯g batuh Transcription 00:18:26.812 00:18:34.587 Oops, I forgot a very important word there, I knew something was wrong. Transcription 00:18:34.587 00:18:38.237 Okay, pənjan anoʔ bətah duə̯g batuh? Transcription 00:18:38.237 00:18:47.799 Yeah. Transcription 00:18:47.799 00:18:55.949 So does, um, niʔ, the word for hit, does that require a person to do it, so I couldn't say it with batuh, like batuh niʔ? Transcription 00:18:55.949 00:19:00.799 Mm, yeah, I'll write it, but... Transcription 00:19:00.799 00:19:03.774 Uh... Transcription 00:19:03.774 00:19:09.524 Okay, so, niʔ is definitely something from, like an action from human. Transcription 00:19:09.524 00:19:17.424 But I've seen it like, you know, personified, like, when people, like... Transcription 00:19:17.424 00:19:25.261 Because, um, like, if like a stone or a pebble flew threw a car, like a passing car... Transcription 00:19:25.261 00:19:27.074 And I've heard them say it, like... Transcription 00:19:27.074 00:19:28.986 batuh niʔ moto kuʔ Transcription 00:19:28.986 00:19:31.124 Mm, mhm, yeah, okay. Transcription 00:19:31.124 00:19:38.524 batuh niʔ moto kuʔ Transcription 00:19:38.524 00:19:41.874 So, I think niʔ is, like, definitely a human action. Transcription 00:19:41.874 00:19:51.486 But it can be used for personified things, wait, things, yeah, personified. Transcription 00:19:51.486 00:20:00.611 So, could I say the following sentence, um, batuh niʔ pənjan anoʔ daʔ bətah? Transcription 00:20:00.611 00:20:01.624 Yeah. Transcription 00:20:01.624 00:20:02.774 You could? Transcription 00:20:02.774 00:20:08.199 Yeah, I, yeah, I would not question it, yeah, but, I guess makes sense, I would not question. Transcription 00:20:08.199 00:20:16.374 Does it sound less natural than the one you gave me, though? Transcription 00:20:16.374 00:20:19.399 I wouldn't say less natural, it's just... Transcription 00:20:19.399 00:20:25.686 Like, if you were to say that sentence that you said, it'll sound just, sound fine, totally fine. Transcription 00:20:25.686 00:20:57.599 I don't know what, um, I guess, yeah, it's fine, yeah, it's fine. Transcription 00:20:57.599 00:21:01.349 Okay, okay, so how would I say climb? Transcription 00:21:01.349 00:21:03.149 Climb? Transcription 00:21:03.149 00:21:05.549 Climb is... Transcription 00:21:05.549 00:21:07.649 jəkoh Transcription 00:21:07.649 00:21:08.549 jəkoh Transcription 00:21:08.549 00:21:10.436 j, e, k, o, h, jəkoh. Transcription 00:21:10.436 00:21:11.986 [jəkoʔ]? Transcription 00:21:11.986 00:21:13.774 Eh, yeah, jəkoh. / No, [jəkoh]. Transcription 00:21:13.774 00:21:15.636 Gotta get that aitch there, yeah. Transcription 00:21:15.636 00:21:16.986 Yeah. Transcription 00:21:16.986 00:21:21.886 jəkoh is more like climbing a tree. Transcription 00:21:21.886 00:21:23.549 Um, and then there's another word... Transcription 00:21:23.549 00:21:24.399 məʔad Transcription 00:21:24.399 00:21:26.549 m, e, a, d. Transcription 00:21:26.549 00:21:30.586 Yeah, m, e, then apostrophe, a, d. Transcription 00:21:30.586 00:21:34.224 Which means, like, to ascend, to climb, climb up. Transcription 00:21:34.224 00:21:36.574 Like a hill or a mountain? Transcription 00:21:36.574 00:21:41.986 Yeah, a hill or a mountain, or, oh, a pathway going up. Transcription 00:21:41.986 00:21:50.436 jəkoh is more like climbing a tree or a pillar, something with your, like you climb with your body. Transcription 00:21:50.436 00:21:53.136 Oh, okay, I see the difference, so... Transcription 00:21:53.136 00:22:01.261 You can climb a hill, but you're really just walking up it, but to climb, like, a tree, you use, like, your whole body, your arms and everything, is that right? Transcription 00:22:01.261 00:22:01.924 Yeah. Transcription 00:22:01.924 00:22:05.886 Okay. Transcription 00:22:05.886 00:22:10.036 Um, so, when, s- f-... Transcription 00:22:10.036 00:22:15.174 For example, the electricity in your house, like, on... Transcription 00:22:15.174 00:22:19.574 You know the things um, un- is it under? Like, under the roof? Transcription 00:22:19.574 00:22:23.324 And then someone goes up and repair it? Transcription 00:22:23.324 00:22:30.799 So you, you, we use the word jəkoh for that, even though it's not actually, like, climbing, because you're like, you're going up a stair. Transcription 00:22:30.799 00:22:31.861 Um, a ladder. Transcription 00:22:31.861 00:22:35.211 Oh, yeah, sure, okay, mhm. Transcription 00:22:35.211 00:22:36.799 Okay, I know what you mean. Transcription 00:22:36.799 00:22:37.749 Yeah. Transcription 00:22:37.749 00:22:41.211 So you'll use jəkoh for that, somehow. Transcription 00:22:41.211 00:22:41.774 Okay. Transcription 00:22:41.774 00:22:44.686 But, I think məʔad, yeah, məʔad also can be used, but... Transcription 00:22:44.686 00:22:55.224 For that specific situation, where someone, like an electrician maybe, goes up to fix the lightings or, yeah, the wiring, you will say jəkoh. Transcription 00:22:55.224 00:22:58.324 jəkoh kə səmbu seŋ Transcription 00:22:58.324 00:23:00.961 Oh, give me that sentence again? Transcription 00:23:00.961 00:23:06.574 jəkoh, wait, I don't know səmbu seŋ, okay, um, jəkoh... Transcription 00:23:06.574 00:23:14.411 yoh jəkoh kə, I, so seŋ mean, like, the roof. Transcription 00:23:14.411 00:23:18.511 So, it, yeah, so, do I say under the roof, or like...? Transcription 00:23:18.511 00:23:21.011 Over the roof? I think it might be under. Transcription 00:23:21.011 00:23:23.349 Right, the people doing the electricity? h Transcription 00:23:23.349 00:23:28.161 yoh jəkoh kə ribuə̯ʔ seŋ Transcription 00:23:28.161 00:23:32.249 yoh jəkoh kə ribuə̯ʔ seŋ Transcription 00:23:32.249 00:23:35.649 [yoʔ jəkoʔ ki] ribuə̯ʔ seŋ? Transcription 00:23:35.649 00:23:38.749 Um, yeah, yoh jəkoh kə... Transcription 00:23:38.749 00:23:40.111 ribuə̯ʔ Transcription 00:23:40.111 00:23:42.861 r, i, b, u, e, k, I think, then... Transcription 00:23:42.861 00:23:43.361 seŋ Transcription 00:23:43.361 00:23:46.761 s, e, n, g. Transcription 00:23:46.761 00:23:53.636 So, seŋ is a word, like, I use, also maybe, um, people my age, but... Transcription 00:23:53.636 00:24:03.186 But I'm pretty sure it comes from the word zinc, perhaps, this, you know, zinc as in the roofing material that people use. Transcription 00:24:03.186 00:24:04.324 Hmm. Transcription 00:24:04.324 00:24:09.024 Zinc, yeah h zinc hh Transcription 00:24:09.024 00:24:13.236 Okay, interesting, I don't know if I know what material that is. Transcription 00:24:13.236 00:24:16.261 But that could just be a lack of knowledge on my part. Transcription 00:24:16.261 00:24:21.249 Yeah, eh, I, because, it's like metallic thing... Transcription 00:24:21.249 00:24:24.699 Are they like, in, little, like, segments, like this? Transcription 00:24:24.699 00:24:28.299 Or is it- oh! Oh, okay, I think know what you're talking about, they're like big sheets? Transcription 00:24:28.299 00:24:31.411 Yeah, it's more common in Southeast Asia, or maybe Asia. Transcription 00:24:31.411 00:24:32.449 Mhm. Transcription 00:24:32.449 00:24:38.061 I remember this when I was in Borneo, yeah, like these big, yeah, okay, I know what you're talking about, okay. Transcription 00:24:38.061 00:24:46.386 I don't think I just knew what that was called, I've never heard anybody use, like, a word to describe it, we just called it the roof, so hhhhhh Transcription 00:24:46.386 00:24:47.999 Okay, seŋ, okay. Transcription 00:24:47.999 00:24:53.149 So that sentence you gave me, what does it mean? yoh jəkoh kə rəbuə̯ʔ seŋ? Transcription 00:24:53.149 00:25:00.186 Uh, so it means, he climbed under the roof, yeah. Transcription 00:25:00.186 00:25:08.274 Okay. Transcription 00:25:08.274 00:25:14.824 Okay, okay, so then, how would I say, um, she climbs a tree? Let's just do a tree. Transcription 00:25:14.824 00:25:18.024 yoh jəkoh təŋon kiyuh Transcription 00:25:18.024 00:25:34.099 yoh jəkoh təŋon kiyuh Transcription 00:25:34.099 00:25:36.549 yoh jəkoh təŋon kiyuh Transcription 00:25:36.549 00:25:39.449 Yeah. Transcription 00:25:39.449 00:25:44.449 Um, okay, so təŋon kiyuh means...? Transcription 00:25:44.449 00:25:50.573 təŋon kiyuh means tree, so təŋon kiyuh is the word for tree. Transcription 00:25:50.573 00:25:51.486 Okay. Transcription 00:25:51.486 00:26:02.536 I think təŋon might come from, um, what, I don't know the Malay word for it, but maybe... Transcription 00:26:02.536 00:26:06.048 So təŋon mean, like, a pillar. Transcription 00:26:06.048 00:26:09.936 Oh, sure, a pillar of wood? Okay hhhh yeah. Transcription 00:26:09.936 00:26:11.748 təŋon kiyuh Transcription 00:26:11.748 00:26:13.573 təŋon kiyuh, yeah, təŋon kiyuh means tree. Transcription 00:26:13.573 00:26:14.273 Yeah. Transcription 00:26:14.273 00:26:15.373 In the context, yeah. Transcription 00:26:15.373 00:26:18.711 So, would it be like, the trunk of the tree? Transcription 00:26:18.711 00:26:24.811 Yeah, yeah, yeah, təŋon, yeah, təŋon means, like, something, like, like a trunk, trunk, pillar. Transcription 00:26:24.811 00:26:26.686 Sure, yeah. Transcription 00:26:26.686 00:26:31.648 Okay, so then, how would I say, she climbed a tree and picked a coconut? Transcription 00:26:31.648 00:26:36.011 yoh jəkoh təŋ- hm, h... Transcription 00:26:36.011 00:26:39.036 Okay, so, for like, coconut tree, you'll say... Transcription 00:26:39.036 00:26:40.286 təŋon bətan Transcription 00:26:40.286 00:26:41.961 Mm, okay. Transcription 00:26:41.961 00:26:45.336 So yoh jəkoh təŋon bətan Transcription 00:26:45.336 00:26:48.486 Um, wait, yoh jəkoh təŋon bətan is, she climbed a coconut tree. Transcription 00:26:48.486 00:26:50.323 And then picked a coconut. Transcription 00:26:50.323 00:26:51.486 Yeah, hhhhhh Transcription 00:26:51.486 00:26:57.411 yoh jəkoh təŋon bətan mbit... Transcription 00:26:57.411 00:27:04.461 yoh jəkoh təŋon bətan di mbit buaʔ iʔ Transcription 00:27:04.461 00:27:08.486 yoh jəkoh təŋon bətan di mbit buah iʔ Transcription 00:27:08.486 00:27:13.136 buaʔ iʔ, you can say ŋa or yon for, like, the middle part. Transcription 00:27:13.136 00:27:23.273 yoh jəkoh təŋon bətan yon di mbit buah iʔ Transcription 00:27:23.273 00:27:30.211 Okay, yoh jəkoh [təŋan] bətan, so that's, I climbed a coconut tree, and then yon- what was after that? Transcription 00:27:30.211 00:27:36.711 Um, yon di mbit, di and then mbit, m, b, i, t, buaʔ iʔ. Transcription 00:27:36.711 00:27:39.311 buaʔ iʔ. Transcription 00:27:39.311 00:27:42.511 And buaʔ is coconut? Transcription 00:27:42.511 00:27:44.348 buaʔ is fruit, actually. Transcription 00:27:44.348 00:27:46.686 Yeah, fruit, right? h okay Transcription 00:27:46.686 00:27:51.611 I guess because you already specified that it's a coconut tree, you can just be, like, oh, the fruit of the tree? Transcription 00:27:51.611 00:27:53.611 Yeah. Transcription 00:27:53.611 00:27:57.573 If I were to say, like, bətan again, it would sound a bit, like, yeah. Transcription 00:27:57.573 00:28:07.023 Redundant. / Yeah, repetitive, yeah, aha. Transcription 00:28:07.023 00:28:12.661 Um, and what is, so... Transcription 00:28:12.661 00:28:16.211 What is di? The di before mbit, what is that? Transcription 00:28:16.211 00:28:20.223 di, di is go, like, to go take. Transcription 00:28:20.223 00:28:22.773 So di mbit is to go take. Transcription 00:28:22.773 00:28:24.186 To go pick, go take. Transcription 00:28:24.186 00:28:25.998 Yeah, yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:28:25.998 00:28:28.086 Okay. Transcription 00:28:28.086 00:28:36.311 Yeah, because di we use, like, for, like the Malay di, like, di, di aron, at home. Transcription 00:28:36.311 00:28:36.986 Mm. Transcription 00:28:36.986 00:28:45.636 di aron, yeah, but it can also mean, like, I think di is in a more of a Bidayuh setting. Transcription 00:28:45.636 00:28:49.123 As a Bidayuh word, it means to go, di. Transcription 00:28:49.123 00:28:50.073 u di kə ma ki? Transcription 00:28:50.073 00:28:51.123 Where are you going? Transcription 00:28:51.123 00:28:55.073 Mm, mhm. Transcription 00:28:55.073 00:28:56.711 u di... Transcription 00:28:56.711 00:28:57.911 kə ma ki? Transcription 00:28:57.911 00:28:58.998 kə ma ki, okay. Transcription 00:28:58.998 00:29:01.561 Without kə it's still is fine. Transcription 00:29:01.561 00:29:04.411 u di ma ki? Transcription 00:29:04.411 00:29:06.336 Where are you going? Transcription 00:29:06.336 00:29:07.023 Yeah. Transcription 00:29:07.023 00:29:12.586 u di ma ki? Transcription 00:29:12.586 00:29:21.973 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:29:21.973 00:29:31.811 Okay, so then, how would you say, um, that tree is good for climbing? Transcription 00:29:31.811 00:29:35.786 Um... Transcription 00:29:35.786 00:29:40.336 təŋon kiyuh anoʔ kənaʔ yon duə̯g jəkoh Transcription 00:29:40.336 00:29:50.436 təŋon kiyuh anoʔ kənaʔ, kənaʔ duə̯g jəkoh, I think. Transcription 00:29:50.436 00:29:58.648 təŋon kiyuh anoʔ kənaʔ duə̯g jəkoh Transcription 00:29:58.648 00:30:05.723 təŋon kiyuh anoʔ kənaʔ duə̯g jəkoh Transcription 00:30:05.723 00:30:07.623 Or you can say... Transcription 00:30:07.623 00:30:09.073 Go ahead. Transcription 00:30:09.073 00:30:13.386 təŋon kiyuh anoʔ, wait... Transcription 00:30:13.386 00:30:16.498 təŋon kiyuh anoʔ kənaʔ jəkoh ʔoh Transcription 00:30:16.498 00:30:21.073 təŋon kiyuh anoʔ kənaʔ jəkoh noh, nəʔoh Transcription 00:30:21.073 00:30:25.723 təŋon kiyuh anoʔ kənaʔ jəkoh nəʔoh Transcription 00:30:25.723 00:30:28.461 nəʔoh, so, yeah, the word is... Transcription 00:30:28.461 00:30:29.073 nəʔoh Transcription 00:30:29.073 00:30:34.448 n, e, apostrophe, o, h, but I feel like... Transcription 00:30:34.448 00:30:39.948 I usually just shorten it to just ʔoh or noh, yeah. Transcription 00:30:39.948 00:30:44.573 It means, nəʔoh, one, you know, the one...? Transcription 00:30:44.573 00:30:47.561 Like one does not live on higway, yeah. Transcription 00:30:47.561 00:30:50.011 Oh yeah, mmkay. Transcription 00:30:50.011 00:30:51.311 I keep going back to that thing. Transcription 00:30:51.311 00:31:03.098 hhhhh yeah, I love that we've returned to that so many times hhhh Transcription 00:31:03.098 00:31:05.248 Uh, what is kənaʔ? Transcription 00:31:05.248 00:31:08.098 kənaʔ is good, good. Transcription 00:31:08.098 00:31:33.273 Good. Transcription 00:31:33.273 00:31:37.436 Okay, alright, so how about, um... Transcription 00:31:37.436 00:31:46.473 That is the tree that she likes to climb, so I'm like pointing at it, I'm like, oh, that's the tree she likes to climb. Transcription 00:31:46.473 00:31:55.223 anoʔ təŋon kiyuh dəras iʔ jəkoh Transcription 00:31:55.223 00:32:04.298 anoʔ təŋon kiyuh dəras iʔ jəkoh Transcription 00:32:04.298 00:32:07.948 anoʔ təŋon kiyuh dəras iʔ jəkoh? Transcription 00:32:07.948 00:32:09.048 Yeah. Transcription 00:32:09.048 00:32:12.748 And I remember dəras from last time is like often. Transcription 00:32:12.748 00:32:19.523 Mm. Transcription 00:32:19.523 00:32:25.423 Um, could I say, anoʔ təŋon kiyuh dəras yoh jəkoh? Transcription 00:32:25.423 00:32:28.935 dəras, dəras yoh jəkoh... Transcription 00:32:28.935 00:32:34.423 dəras yoh jəkoh... dəras, atiʔ... Transcription 00:32:34.423 00:32:41.423 * anoʔ təŋon kiyuh dəras yoh jəkoh Transcription 00:32:41.423 00:32:48.935 Um, I, maybe not, wait, because, um... Transcription 00:32:48.935 00:32:52.723 anoʔ təŋon kiyuh dəras yoh, təŋon kiyuh... Transcription 00:32:52.723 00:32:56.510 dəras yoh jəkoh... Transcription 00:32:56.510 00:33:02.385 Um, yoh here feels like it's referring to the təŋon kiyuh. Transcription 00:33:02.385 00:33:04.185 Mm, okay. Transcription 00:33:04.185 00:33:06.585 So, it just doesn't s- seem like it's right? Transcription 00:33:06.585 00:33:07.210 Yeah. Transcription 00:33:07.210 00:33:12.960 Okay. Transcription 00:33:12.960 00:33:15.710 What about, um... Transcription 00:33:15.710 00:33:19.710 anoʔ təŋon kiyuh yo[ʔ] dəras jəkoh? Transcription 00:33:19.710 00:33:23.310 anoʔ təŋon kiyuh yoh dəras jəkoh Transcription 00:33:23.310 00:33:26.310 Yeah, yeah, actually that works, yeah. Transcription 00:33:26.310 00:33:27.260 That's good? Okay. Transcription 00:33:27.260 00:33:44.710 Yeah. Transcription 00:33:44.710 00:33:50.610 Okay, um, how would I say, I cooked and ate rice? Transcription 00:33:50.610 00:33:53.660 I cooked and ate rice? Transcription 00:33:53.660 00:34:02.298 I cook and ate rice? Transcription 00:34:02.298 00:34:06.773 Um, would it be the same if I used, like, he... Transcription 00:34:06.773 00:34:10.485 I cook and then I ate rice? Transcription 00:34:10.485 00:34:14.385 Give me that, yeah. Transcription 00:34:14.385 00:34:23.073 kuʔ bərapuy kuə̯ʔ mənoʔ, koʔ- kuə̯ʔ- kuə̯ʔ- kuə̯ʔ mənoʔ, h kuə̯ʔ mənoʔ. Transcription 00:34:23.073 00:34:28.185 kuʔ bərapuy kuə̯ʔ anoʔ, kuə̯ʔ anoʔ kuʔ man təbiʔ Transcription 00:34:28.185 00:34:30.235 kuʔ man təbiʔ, eh... Transcription 00:34:30.235 00:34:38.398 kuʔ bərapuy kuə̯ʔ anoʔ kuʔ man təbiʔ Transcription 00:34:38.398 00:34:41.748 kuʔ bərapuy [kuʔ] anoʔ kuʔ man təbiʔ? Transcription 00:34:41.748 00:34:44.373 Yeah, kuə̯ʔ, kuə̯ʔ anoʔ, kuə̯ʔ. Transcription 00:34:44.373 00:34:45.035 [buə̯ʔ]? Transcription 00:34:45.035 00:34:48.098 kuə̯ʔ, like, already, yeah, kuə̯ʔ. Transcription 00:34:48.098 00:34:49.310 kuə̯ʔ anoʔ Transcription 00:34:49.310 00:34:52.373 kuə̯ʔ anoʔ, after that, yeah. Transcription 00:34:52.373 00:34:54.485 So wait, what does kuə̯ʔ mean? Transcription 00:34:54.485 00:34:55.598 kuə̯ʔ Transcription 00:34:55.598 00:35:01.685 By itself means already, or like, kuə̯ʔ, finished, done, so... Transcription 00:35:01.685 00:35:07.735 Then kuə̯ʔ anoʔ just mean, like, after that thing has been done, yeah. Transcription 00:35:07.735 00:35:14.035 So if... If your sentence mean, like, I cook and eat rice, and the thing that you're cooking is the rice... Transcription 00:35:14.035 00:35:16.498 I can give you, like, maybe a different sentence for that. Transcription 00:35:16.498 00:35:18.485 Like... Transcription 00:35:18.485 00:35:23.485 kuʔ tənok təbiʔ yon kuʔ man Transcription 00:35:23.485 00:35:26.523 Wait, but that doesn't mean exactly the same thing, yeah. Transcription 00:35:26.523 00:35:30.823 kuʔ tənok təbiʔ yon kuʔ man means I cook rice for me to eat. Transcription 00:35:30.823 00:35:34.173 Hmm, okay, sure, yeah. Transcription 00:35:34.173 00:36:07.898 kuʔ tənok təbiʔ yon kuʔ man Transcription 00:36:07.898 00:36:12.573 So, could I ever say, um... Transcription 00:36:12.573 00:36:16.223 kuʔ tənok man təbiʔ? Transcription 00:36:16.223 00:36:18.223 * kuʔ tənok man təbiʔ Transcription 00:36:18.223 00:36:18.860 No. Transcription 00:36:18.860 00:36:22.698 No, okay. Transcription 00:36:22.698 00:36:39.973 kuʔ tənok, is, yeah... Transcription 00:36:39.973 00:36:45.610 Uh, okay, so how about if someone was asking me, like, oh, what did you do for dinner? Transcription 00:36:45.610 00:36:56.735 And you're like, oh, I just cooked something and ate it? Transcription 00:36:56.735 00:36:59.985 Hmm... Transcription 00:36:59.985 00:37:10.285 kuʔ nok kiyuh, kuʔ nok, um, kuʔ tənok kiyuh... I think... Transcription 00:37:10.285 00:37:12.485 I think I'll use, um... Transcription 00:37:12.485 00:37:21.885 kuʔ tənok kiyuh ŋapoh dop, ŋapoh dop Transcription 00:37:21.885 00:37:27.123 kuʔ tənok kiyuh ŋapoh dop yon kuʔ man Transcription 00:37:27.123 00:37:29.660 yon kuʔ man Transcription 00:37:29.660 00:37:39.660 kuʔ tənok kiyuh ŋapoh dop yon kuʔ man Transcription 00:37:39.660 00:37:44.660 kuʔ tənok kiyuh [napoʔ] dop [yaŋ] kuʔ man, is that right? Transcription 00:37:44.660 00:37:45.210 Yeah. Transcription 00:37:45.210 00:37:45.885 ŋapoh Transcription 00:37:45.885 00:37:48.323 n, g, a, p, o, h. Transcription 00:37:48.323 00:37:53.173 ŋapoh, ŋapoh, okay, yeah, I mispronounced that one. And what does that word mean? Transcription 00:37:53.173 00:37:59.248 ŋapoh, so ŋapoh is, um... Transcription 00:37:59.248 00:38:03.998 How to, how do I translate this? Haphazardly? Transcription 00:38:03.998 00:38:07.085 hhhh oh, okay. Transcription 00:38:07.085 00:38:14.535 Okay, so it's serving the function of the English word just, there, but it doesn't necessarily mean just, but that's kind of what's... Transcription 00:38:14.535 00:38:18.760 I just cooked it, like, I wasn't really trying really hard, I just kinda did it. Transcription 00:38:18.760 00:38:22.698 Yeah, yeah, ŋapoh, you can use that for like... Transcription 00:38:22.698 00:38:28.910 A lot of sentences, actually, oh, like, he didn't do that job quite well, just... Transcription 00:38:28.910 00:38:30.110 ŋapoh iʔ doh Transcription 00:38:30.110 00:38:33.672 Yeah, ŋapoh, yoh kərja ŋapoh. Transcription 00:38:33.672 00:38:39.722 ŋapoh, yeah, ŋapoh actually, it just means, like, when something is just done with, mindlessly almost, like, mindlessly. Transcription 00:38:39.722 00:38:40.897 Okay. Transcription 00:38:40.897 00:38:43.147 ŋapoh Transcription 00:38:43.147 00:38:44.372 Sure, sure. / Carelessly, you can use it for... Transcription 00:38:44.372 00:38:45.547 Carelessly? Mhm. Transcription 00:38:45.547 00:38:52.485 Yeah. Transcription 00:38:52.485 00:38:55.935 Okay. Transcription 00:38:55.935 00:39:01.972 Uh, okay, so what if I wanted to say, I will cook something and eat it? I haven't done it yet. Transcription 00:39:01.972 00:39:03.560 Mm, I will say... Transcription 00:39:03.560 00:39:05.610 tiə̯ʔ kuʔ tənok kiyuh yon kuʔ man Transcription 00:39:05.610 00:39:12.697 tiə̯ʔ kuʔ tənok kiyuh yon kuʔ man Transcription 00:39:12.697 00:39:14.535 tiə̯ʔ...? Transcription 00:39:14.535 00:39:16.172 kuʔ tənok... Transcription 00:39:16.172 00:39:22.010 tiə̯ʔ kuʔ tənok kiyuh yon kuʔ man Transcription 00:39:22.010 00:39:22.797 Or you can just say... Transcription 00:39:22.797 00:39:26.397 tiə̯ʔ kuʔ bərapuy Transcription 00:39:26.397 00:39:59.422 tiə̯ʔ kuʔ bərapuy means, but tiə̯ʔ kuʔ bərapuy doesn't specify that you will eat later, it just means that you will cook later. Transcription 00:39:59.422 00:40:01.910 And that's tiə̯ʔ as in later, right? Transcription 00:40:01.910 00:40:04.122 Yeah, tiə̯ʔ as in later, yeah. Transcription 00:40:04.122 00:40:08.847 Yeah, okay. Transcription 00:40:08.847 00:40:13.172 Okay, so then, how would I say, I ate rice and drank water? Transcription 00:40:13.172 00:40:16.322 kuʔ... Transcription 00:40:16.322 00:40:20.822 kuʔ mboh man təbiʔ ayuə̯h nuə̯k pəʔin Transcription 00:40:20.822 00:40:31.722 kuʔ mboh man təbiʔ ayuə̯h nuə̯k pəʔin Transcription 00:40:31.722 00:40:32.735 nuə̯k Transcription 00:40:32.735 00:40:40.322 I don't really know how to spell nuə̯k, sometimes my sister spell it, like, n, u, o, k. Transcription 00:40:40.322 00:40:41.097 Mm. Transcription 00:40:41.097 00:40:42.160 nuə̯k Transcription 00:40:42.160 00:40:47.860 [ŋuə̯k], okay. Transcription 00:40:47.860 00:40:51.410 kuʔ mboh man təbiʔ ayuə̯h nuə̯k pəʔin Transcription 00:40:51.410 00:41:10.560 [piʔin], okay. Transcription 00:41:10.560 00:41:13.510 Okay, how would I say, carry? Transcription 00:41:13.510 00:41:17.610 Carry? Transcription 00:41:17.610 00:41:21.010 Carry, carry... Transcription 00:41:21.010 00:41:23.972 Um, I think I need some context. Transcription 00:41:23.972 00:41:29.072 Some context? Sure, um, like, I'm carrying a lot of books. Transcription 00:41:29.072 00:41:30.435 Carrying a b-... Transcription 00:41:30.435 00:41:34.985 kuʔ kakat bəgoʔ bukuʔ Transcription 00:41:34.985 00:41:36.097 kakat Transcription 00:41:36.097 00:41:49.022 kuʔ kakat bəgoʔ bukuʔ Transcription 00:41:49.022 00:41:51.085 kuʔ kakat...? Transcription 00:41:51.085 00:41:53.022 kakat, k, a, k, a, t. Transcription 00:41:53.022 00:41:58.110 There we go, I was like, that cannot be right, okay, kakat [buko] bukuʔ? Transcription 00:41:58.110 00:42:00.835 Yeah, bəgoʔ, like, many, a lot. Transcription 00:42:00.835 00:42:01.785 bəgoʔ Transcription 00:42:01.785 00:42:05.060 b, e, g, o, k. Transcription 00:42:05.060 00:42:05.785 bəgoʔ Transcription 00:42:05.785 00:42:14.822 kuʔ kakat bəgoʔ bukuʔ Transcription 00:42:14.822 00:42:18.785 Okay. Transcription 00:42:18.785 00:42:22.635 Um, how would I ask someone, what are you carrying? Transcription 00:42:22.635 00:42:24.735 ni kakat muʔ? Transcription 00:42:24.735 00:42:27.135 ni kakat muʔ? Transcription 00:42:27.135 00:42:29.585 ni kakat muʔ. Transcription 00:42:29.585 00:42:30.597 Yeah. Transcription 00:42:30.597 00:42:34.710 Could I ever say, kakat muʔ ni? Transcription 00:42:34.710 00:42:36.097 Mm, yeah, no. Transcription 00:42:36.097 00:42:36.610 No? Transcription 00:42:36.610 00:42:38.560 h yeah Transcription 00:42:38.560 00:42:44.885 Yeah, no, hhhh uh, what about, kakat u ni? Transcription 00:42:44.885 00:42:46.760 kakat muʔ ni? Transcription 00:42:46.760 00:42:47.972 u, u ni. Transcription 00:42:47.972 00:42:49.522 kakat u ni, kakat u ni... Transcription 00:42:49.522 00:42:51.947 # kakat u ni? Transcription 00:42:51.947 00:42:52.760 # kakat u ni? Transcription 00:42:52.760 00:42:59.172 ni kakat u, mm, yeah, no, I guess, yeah, 'cause kakat, kakat... Transcription 00:42:59.172 00:43:00.472 # kakat u ni? Transcription 00:43:00.472 00:43:02.522 kakat u ni, and... Transcription 00:43:02.522 00:43:04.535 # ni kakat u? Transcription 00:43:04.535 00:43:11.922 Also, like, I think, ni kakat u means what carry you, what carries you, yeah. Transcription 00:43:11.922 00:43:17.960 Um, what about... kakat ni muʔ? Transcription 00:43:17.960 00:43:19.660 * kakat ni muʔ? Transcription 00:43:19.660 00:43:20.722 * kakat ni muʔ? Transcription 00:43:20.722 00:43:26.897 Transcription 00:43:26.897 00:43:27.747 Mm, no. Transcription 00:43:27.747 00:43:28.860 No? Transcription 00:43:28.860 00:43:29.622 But, k- uh, wait. Transcription 00:43:29.622 00:43:30.697 kakat ni u? Transcription 00:43:30.697 00:43:32.435 Actually, yeah, you can use that. Transcription 00:43:32.435 00:43:33.197 kakat ni u? Transcription 00:43:33.197 00:43:33.710 Okay. Transcription 00:43:33.710 00:43:36.960 kakat ni u, yeah. Transcription 00:43:36.960 00:43:44.160 'Cause it's, um, 'cause kakat ni is, like, a phrase on its own. Transcription 00:43:44.160 00:43:47.872 And then just adding u at the back. Transcription 00:43:47.872 00:43:52.072 Yeah, ni, kakat ni u, kakat ni u, what are you carrying? Transcription 00:43:52.072 00:43:53.722 It means the same thing, what are you carrying? Transcription 00:43:53.722 00:43:55.772 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:43:55.772 00:44:02.210 Okay. Transcription 00:44:02.210 00:44:06.147 ni kakat, kakat ni u? Yeah. Transcription 00:44:06.147 00:44:09.597 Okay. Transcription 00:44:09.597 00:44:13.797 Um, how would I say, she's carrying something? Transcription 00:44:13.797 00:44:17.422 yoh... Transcription 00:44:17.422 00:44:18.785 yoh kakat kiyuh Transcription 00:44:18.785 00:44:19.272 Or... Transcription 00:44:19.272 00:44:24.847 yoh giʔ kakat kiyuh Transcription 00:44:24.847 00:44:30.197 Somehow if I say, um yoh kakat kiyuh... Transcription 00:44:30.197 00:44:33.697 I will think that she's carrying actual wood. Transcription 00:44:33.697 00:44:36.422 But if I say, yoh giʔ kakat kiyuh... Transcription 00:44:36.422 00:44:37.110 Aha? Transcription 00:44:37.110 00:44:40.360 It, it automatically becomes more vague. Transcription 00:44:40.360 00:44:44.060 Like, what she's carrying is not so clear. Transcription 00:44:44.060 00:45:05.934 Okay, yeah, that makes sense, okay. Transcription 00:45:05.934 00:45:11.284 How would I say, some things were carried from the village? Transcription 00:45:11.284 00:45:17.284 giʔ kiyuh duə̯g kakat soʔ kapoŋ Transcription 00:45:17.284 00:45:29.972 giʔ kiyuh duə̯g kakat soʔ kapoŋ Transcription 00:45:29.972 00:45:34.347 kapoŋ Transcription 00:45:34.347 00:45:39.747 giʔ kiyuh duə̯g kakat soʔ kapoŋ Transcription 00:45:39.747 00:45:43.084 giʔ kiyuh duə̯g kakat soʔ [kampoŋ]? Transcription 00:45:43.084 00:45:53.372 Yeah. Transcription 00:45:53.372 00:46:01.584 And if I said, kiyuh [diu-] duə̯g kakat soʔ [kampoŋ], would that mean wood is being carried from the village? Transcription 00:46:01.584 00:46:05.034 kiyuh giʔ duə̯g kakat soʔ kapoŋ? Transcription 00:46:05.034 00:46:09.347 Without giʔ at all, so, kiyuh duə̯g kakat soʔ kapoŋ? Transcription 00:46:09.347 00:46:11.847 kiyuh duə̯g kakat soʔ kapoŋ Transcription 00:46:11.847 00:46:13.322 kiyuh duə̯g kakat soʔ kapoŋ... Transcription 00:46:13.322 00:46:15.847 kiyuh duə̯g kakat soʔ kapoŋ Transcription 00:46:15.847 00:46:20.084 kiyuh duə̯g kakat soʔ kapoŋ... Transcription 00:46:20.084 00:46:26.272 Yeah, yeah it could mean would, but it also can, it can be quite... Transcription 00:46:26.272 00:46:29.659 You can use that for something more general, like things. Transcription 00:46:29.659 00:46:33.347 Like cosas, no, m- like, things, yeah. Transcription 00:46:33.347 00:46:38.472 Yeah, so wait, that's still an okay way to say, some things were carried from the village? Transcription 00:46:38.472 00:46:39.159 Yeah. Transcription 00:46:39.159 00:46:45.097 Okay. Transcription 00:46:45.097 00:46:52.509 Um, could I say, soʔ [kampoŋ] giʔ kiyuh duə̯g kakat? Transcription 00:46:52.509 00:46:54.247 soʔ kapoŋ giʔ kiyuh duə̯g kakat Transcription 00:46:54.247 00:46:57.347 Yeah. Transcription 00:46:57.347 00:46:58.809 That sound natural? Transcription 00:46:58.809 00:47:00.072 Yeah, it does. Transcription 00:47:00.072 00:47:03.247 It does? Okay. Transcription 00:47:03.247 00:47:09.272 There's a pattern of, like, reducing the nasal sound from words, like, from Malay words. Transcription 00:47:09.272 00:47:16.322 I've n-, like the word kampung in Malay, it's being reduced to kapoŋ, without the . Transcription 00:47:16.322 00:47:17.184 kapoŋ Transcription 00:47:17.184 00:47:22.434 And the u sound usually just becomes an o sound. Transcription 00:47:22.434 00:47:23.697 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:47:23.697 00:47:28.347 I said it's a pattern because, there's like, I've noticed some other words, but now I can't think of them. Transcription 00:47:28.347 00:47:34.222 hhh that's okay, that always happens. Okay, so instead of [kampoŋ] it's [kapoŋ]? Transcription 00:47:34.222 00:47:35.284 Yeah, kapoŋ. Transcription 00:47:35.284 00:47:37.609 kapoŋ. Transcription 00:47:37.609 00:47:39.597 Okay, interesting. Transcription 00:47:39.597 00:47:44.622 Oh yeah, like the word cangkir, cangkir is the word for cup, the Malay word for cup. Transcription 00:47:44.622 00:47:45.184 Mhm. Transcription 00:47:45.184 00:47:47.034 Then, in Bidayuh, it's just... Transcription 00:47:47.034 00:47:48.134 saker Transcription 00:47:48.134 00:47:49.584 saker Transcription 00:47:49.584 00:47:56.834 So the nasal sound usually, like, [ŋ], [n], and [m], is just reduced, or like, just deleted. Transcription 00:47:56.834 00:48:01.997 Okay, interesting. Transcription 00:48:01.997 00:48:07.847 There must be, like, a certain place it must be for it to be reduced, but I don't know where it is, yeah. Transcription 00:48:07.847 00:48:13.759 Yeah, yeah, I'll, I'll see if I can notice any more words that do it, um... Transcription 00:48:13.759 00:48:22.847 But it does require me to know the Malay word to begin with, which, usually, I've been pretty good with, but every once in a while, if it's a more obscure word, I might not know it. Transcription 00:48:22.847 00:48:25.347 Yeah, yeah hh. Transcription 00:48:25.347 00:48:27.359 Okay. Transcription 00:48:27.359 00:48:34.234 Um, okay, so how would I say, um, the sun rises in the east? Transcription 00:48:34.234 00:48:39.972 Like, just a very general statement, like, you're just like, it's just a, it's a fact, you're just saying, the sun rises in the east. Transcription 00:48:39.972 00:48:44.522 Yeah, it is, but I don't even know, like, the cardinal directions in... Transcription 00:48:44.522 00:48:47.922 Oh, yeah! / Bidayuh, I'm just not sure exactly what they are. Transcription 00:48:47.922 00:48:54.122 So, let's just do, the sun rises, then, we don't need to worry about the east part. Transcription 00:48:54.122 00:48:56.909 hh I don't even know the word for rising, like for sunrise. Transcription 00:48:56.909 00:48:59.872 Uh-oh, this whole sentence, hhhhh Transcription 00:48:59.872 00:49:03.872 Uh, səraʔ, səraʔ... Transcription 00:49:03.872 00:49:09.997 I think, I think the word w-, uh, I think we don't use, like, sunrise, we say the sun come. Transcription 00:49:09.997 00:49:11.847 Oh, okay, sure. Transcription 00:49:11.847 00:49:19.134 Okay, so, mm, səraʔ ndog suə̯ʔ, eh m-, səraʔ, yeah... Transcription 00:49:19.134 00:49:21.809 səraʔ ndog soʔ... Transcription 00:49:21.809 00:49:28.859 Yeah, so, sun come from, sun comes from, yeah, then I don't know the direction. Transcription 00:49:28.859 00:49:31.984 hhhh from whatever direction. / Yeah, so, yeah, səraʔ ndog s-... Transcription 00:49:31.984 00:49:35.634 səraʔ ndog suə̯ʔ, s- soʔ Transcription 00:49:35.634 00:49:46.647 səraʔ ndog soʔ, soʔ, what's the direction? I can't even think h... Transcription 00:49:46.647 00:49:49.522 s- yeah, I can't think of the direction. Transcription 00:49:49.522 00:49:52.672 hhhh that's fine, that's fine, no worries. Transcription 00:49:52.672 00:50:00.472 Okay, okay, so, ins- there isn't a specific word for rising, like, for the sun, you just use the word come? Transcription 00:50:00.472 00:50:01.109 Yeah. Transcription 00:50:01.109 00:50:03.109 Which is ndog...? Transcription 00:50:03.109 00:50:04.284 Yeah ndog. Transcription 00:50:04.284 00:50:05.809 n, d, o, g. Transcription 00:50:05.809 00:50:06.709 [dog] Transcription 00:50:06.709 00:50:07.859 ndog Transcription 00:50:07.859 00:50:11.784 ndog Transcription 00:50:11.784 00:50:16.784 Um, what else would you use ndog with? Transcription 00:50:16.784 00:50:19.709 ndog, um... Transcription 00:50:19.709 00:50:20.672 kuʔ mboh ndog Transcription 00:50:20.672 00:50:22.184 I've arrived. Transcription 00:50:22.184 00:50:23.647 Mm. Transcription 00:50:23.647 00:50:25.847 kuʔ mboh... / kuʔ mboh ndog, mboh. Transcription 00:50:25.847 00:50:27.072 [boʔ] ndog. Transcription 00:50:27.072 00:50:30.884 Yeah, mboh, kuʔ mboh ndog, and you can say... Transcription 00:50:30.884 00:50:37.584 Yeah, ndog can also be used for like, like, reach a level, like, um... Transcription 00:50:37.584 00:50:41.684 pəʔin anoʔ mboh ndog kəpuə̯ŋ kuʔ Transcription 00:50:41.684 00:50:47.884 So, for example, there's like, a flood, and you say, oh, the water has raised, like, up to my waist. Transcription 00:50:47.884 00:50:48.409 Okay. Transcription 00:50:48.409 00:50:55.059 pə- pəʔin anoʔ, pəʔin mboh ndog kəpuə̯ŋ kuʔ. Transcription 00:50:55.059 00:50:55.797 kəpuə̯ŋ Transcription 00:50:55.797 00:50:57.684 This is another word, kəpuə̯ŋ. Transcription 00:50:57.684 00:51:06.734 pəʔin mboh ndog kəpuə̯ŋ kuʔ Transcription 00:51:06.734 00:51:13.509 kəpuə̯ŋ, I don't know how to spell this, but kəpuə̯ŋ means waist. Transcription 00:51:13.509 00:51:14.659 Waist, okay. Transcription 00:51:14.659 00:51:18.309 And, so, that means, what would that be the translation of that? Transcription 00:51:18.309 00:51:23.909 Um, the water has reached my waist. Transcription 00:51:23.909 00:51:31.459 Okay, uh-oh, if you're saying that, things might be looking kinda bad for you hhhhhhh Transcription 00:51:31.459 00:52:00.996 Okay. Transcription 00:52:00.996 00:52:10.246 Um, okay, so, with ndog, you gave me the sentence, kuʔ mboh ndog, I have arrived. Transcription 00:52:10.246 00:52:16.559 Um, could I ever say, [mboʔ] kuʔ ndog? Transcription 00:52:16.559 00:52:18.246 mboh kuʔ ndog Transcription 00:52:18.246 00:52:26.671 Yeah, you can say that, but it means, more like, mboh kuʔ ndog, mboh kuʔ ndog, um... Transcription 00:52:26.671 00:52:31.734 Um, it needs more context, so, like, if... Transcription 00:52:31.734 00:52:39.296 Someone's looking for y- um like, where are, somebody's looking for you, where are you, and then you're like, oh, I, I am here already. Transcription 00:52:39.296 00:52:41.459 Oh, okay, okay, yeah. Transcription 00:52:41.459 00:52:50.234 mboh kuʔ ndog Transcription 00:52:50.234 00:52:53.284 Transcription 00:52:53.284 00:53:00.046 Okay, and then, how would I say, um, I will arrive tomorrow? Transcription 00:53:00.046 00:53:01.884 pagi kuʔ ndog Transcription 00:53:01.884 00:53:18.034 pagi kuʔ ndog Transcription 00:53:18.034 00:53:18.646 You can say... Transcription 00:53:18.646 00:53:19.384 kuʔ ndog pagi Transcription 00:53:19.384 00:53:20.109 Too, yeah. Transcription 00:53:20.109 00:53:20.971 Okay. Transcription 00:53:20.971 00:53:32.034 I think it would mean the same thing, uh, except, like, kuʔ ndog, more emphasis on yourself, like, kuʔ ndog pagi, yeah. Transcription 00:53:32.034 00:53:38.946 The first sentence is like, more, yeah, it's the emphasis, tomorrow, I will come. Transcription 00:53:38.946 00:53:46.446 Yeah, makes sense, kuʔ ndog pagi or pagi kuʔ ndog. Transcription 00:53:46.446 00:53:50.609 Yeah. Transcription 00:53:50.609 00:53:55.059 What about, um, I want to arrive tomorrow? Transcription 00:53:55.059 00:54:04.984 kuʔ an ndog pagi Transcription 00:54:04.984 00:54:07.359 kuʔ an ndog pagi? Transcription 00:54:07.359 00:54:08.784 Mm. Transcription 00:54:08.784 00:54:14.334 Okay, could I say, um, an kuʔ ndog pagi? Transcription 00:54:14.334 00:54:15.909 an kuʔ ndog pagi Transcription 00:54:15.909 00:54:21.334 Yeah, this is also one of those sentence that needs a bit of context, um... Transcription 00:54:21.334 00:54:23.321 an kuʔ ndog pagi Transcription 00:54:23.321 00:54:31.621 Like, for example, like, people, um, um saying, oh, you should be arriving by tomorrow, and you're like, yeah, I want to, but, yeah, you know. Transcription 00:54:31.621 00:54:36.846 It's out of my control, like, I'm taking the bus or something, so who knows? Transcription 00:54:36.846 00:54:59.971 Yeah, okay. Transcription 00:54:59.971 00:55:04.696 Um, okay, could I say, pagi an kuʔ ndog? Transcription 00:55:04.696 00:55:07.709 pagi an kuʔ ndog, yeah, yeah, you can say that. Transcription 00:55:07.709 00:55:08.859 pagi an kuʔ ndog Transcription 00:55:08.859 00:55:14.759 Um, this also, like, need context. Transcription 00:55:14.759 00:55:23.021 Okay, so, there's an event which lasts maybe for a week, and then your friend brings you to the event, like, um, today. Transcription 00:55:23.021 00:55:29.996 But you can't, so you say, or maybe you don't want to do this today, then you say, tomorrow, tomorrow I want to come. Transcription 00:55:29.996 00:55:30.934 pagi an kuʔ ndog Transcription 00:55:30.934 00:55:40.884 Okay, okay, so it's almost, maybe, like, they're offering you one option, and you're, like, uh, no, I actually wanna do this, I actually wanna come tomorrow instead. Transcription 00:55:40.884 00:55:41.584 Yeah, yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:55:41.584 00:56:00.009 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:56:00.009 00:56:06.959 Okay, uh, and then, how about, um, I will try to arrive tomorrow? Transcription 00:56:06.959 00:56:09.559 kuʔ suba ndog pagi Transcription 00:56:09.559 00:56:16.334 kuʔ suba ndog pagi Transcription 00:56:16.334 00:56:19.984 And can I say, [subaʔ] kuʔ ndog pagi? Transcription 00:56:19.984 00:56:21.384 suba kuʔ ndog pagi Transcription 00:56:21.384 00:56:24.146 That is, that, yeah, it's more like wish, wishing. Transcription 00:56:24.146 00:56:28.096 Is that wish again? Okay, yeah, that's what I wondered, okay, so that's like, oh, I wish... Transcription 00:56:28.096 00:56:40.121 So, okay, here's a question about that, if you say, I wish I'll be there tomorrow, does that mean that you know you won't actually be there tomorrow, but you really wish you could be? Transcription 00:56:40.121 00:56:46.971 Yeah, it's, yeah, it's like you know you'll not arrive tomorrow, but you wish. Transcription 00:56:46.971 00:56:54.521 Okay, so in, if you say, subah kuʔ ndog pagi, you will not be there the next day? Transcription 00:56:54.521 00:56:58.671 Yeah, I l-, yeah, at least... Transcription 00:56:58.671 00:57:02.559 At least by the plans, you're not going to be there tomorrow, but... Transcription 00:57:02.559 00:57:03.234 Okay. Transcription 00:57:03.234 00:57:05.659 It's not as definite, like... Transcription 00:57:05.659 00:57:10.309 Yeah, so maybe, if something really good happens, you could be there the next day, but... Transcription 00:57:10.309 00:57:14.209 As plans currently are, you will not be arriving the next day? Transcription 00:57:14.209 00:57:15.534 Yes, that hh Transcription 00:57:15.534 00:57:23.659 Okay. Transcription 00:57:23.659 00:57:29.921 Okay. Transcription 00:57:29.921 00:57:32.096 Alright, we are all finished! Transcription 00:57:32.096 00:57:34.208 Yeah h thank you.