Transcription 00:00:00.000 00:00:13.850 Can you remind me of the pronouns in Bidayuh, Biatah? Transcription 00:00:13.850 00:00:20.438 Um, so... Transcription 00:00:20.438 00:00:21.350 yoh Transcription 00:00:21.350 00:00:25.088 yoh, for like, he or she, them. Transcription 00:00:25.088 00:00:25.738 Yeah. Transcription 00:00:25.738 00:00:30.888 But singular, and then, there's, um... Transcription 00:00:30.888 00:00:31.425 ŋara Transcription 00:00:31.425 00:00:32.575 ŋara noʔ Transcription 00:00:32.575 00:00:34.313 Them. Transcription 00:00:34.313 00:00:36.475 [nara] noʔ? Transcription 00:00:36.475 00:00:37.813 ŋara noʔ Transcription 00:00:37.813 00:00:44.025 Like, ŋara noʔ, yeah, and, you is... Transcription 00:00:44.025 00:00:44.675 u Transcription 00:00:44.675 00:00:46.813 And then me is... Transcription 00:00:46.813 00:00:47.975 kuʔ Transcription 00:00:47.975 00:00:49.613 I, kuʔ, yeah. Transcription 00:00:49.613 00:00:55.538 kuʔ, yeah. Transcription 00:00:55.538 00:00:59.338 And we? There's two we's, right? Transcription 00:00:59.338 00:01:00.338 Yeah, so... Transcription 00:01:00.338 00:01:01.188 ta Transcription 00:01:01.188 00:01:08.063 for, ta, we, all of us, like together with the speaker, and then Transcription 00:01:08.063 00:01:08.713 iə̯h Transcription 00:01:08.713 00:01:11.813 Us, without the other person. Transcription 00:01:11.813 00:01:13.213 iə̯h? Transcription 00:01:13.213 00:01:17.125 Yeah, iə̯h, I think it's spelled i, e, h. Transcription 00:01:17.125 00:01:20.775 Yeah. Transcription 00:01:20.775 00:01:23.575 And you all? Transcription 00:01:23.575 00:01:24.700 ŋa Transcription 00:01:24.700 00:01:25.850 n, g, a, ŋa Transcription 00:01:25.850 00:01:38.075 Oh yeah, okay, cool, cool. Transcription 00:01:38.075 00:01:44.875 And there's also, for you, there's also muʔ? Transcription 00:01:44.875 00:01:46.000 Yeah, muʔ Transcription 00:01:46.000 00:01:48.250 They could be used in some situations? Transcription 00:01:48.250 00:01:49.738 Yeah. Transcription 00:01:49.738 00:01:54.388 And for he and she, it- would- iʔ? Transcription 00:01:54.388 00:01:55.163 iʔ, yes, iʔ. Transcription 00:01:55.163 00:02:06.538 Okay. Transcription 00:02:06.538 00:02:18.388 Um... So, can you tell me about the different types of rice? Transcription 00:02:18.388 00:02:19.663 Different types of rice? Transcription 00:02:19.663 00:02:30.213 Yeah, the Biatah equivalent of like padi and peras and nasi, those three. Transcription 00:02:30.213 00:02:37.825 Okay. Transcription 00:02:37.825 00:02:41.338 So for padi, we'll say like... Transcription 00:02:41.338 00:02:42.013 pədi Transcription 00:02:42.013 00:02:43.400 p, e, d, i, I think, yeah. Transcription 00:02:43.400 00:02:45.050 pədi, aha. Transcription 00:02:45.050 00:02:46.075 And then... Transcription 00:02:46.075 00:02:47.425 təbiʔ Transcription 00:02:47.425 00:02:55.075 So, I think in Bidayuh, when, so in Malay they, um, beras and nasi is two different things. Transcription 00:02:55.075 00:02:58.650 I think Bidayuh it's just one, təbiʔ, so if you say... Transcription 00:02:58.650 00:02:59.338 tənok təbiʔ Transcription 00:02:59.338 00:03:05.863 It means to cook rice, like even if it's still beras, like in the Malay language, yeah. Transcription 00:03:05.863 00:03:10.625 So if you eat rice when it's already cooked, it's also təbiʔ. Transcription 00:03:10.625 00:03:17.888 Oh, okay, so təbiʔ could be uncooked or cooked, as long as it's, like... Transcription 00:03:17.888 00:03:19.350 Like taken out from the plant. / Harvested... Transcription 00:03:19.350 00:03:21.125 ... and husked, yeah. Transcription 00:03:21.125 00:03:21.800 Yeah. Transcription 00:03:21.800 00:03:26.463 Okay, pəd and təbiʔ. Transcription 00:03:26.463 00:03:33.863 And do you know what, uh, the husk of the rice? Transcription 00:03:33.863 00:03:34.913 Husk of the rice? Transcription 00:03:34.913 00:03:39.938 Husk, rice husk, you know like the thing that's on the outside of the grain? Transcription 00:03:39.938 00:03:41.488 Like the golden colour? Transcription 00:03:41.488 00:03:42.663 Yeah, yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:03:42.663 00:03:49.763 Yeah, what...? Transcription 00:03:49.763 00:03:57.713 I'm not sure what it's called, but like when they, like when they put them in this flat basket... Transcription 00:03:57.713 00:03:59.825 And they like... Transcription 00:03:59.825 00:04:00.850 Yeah, yeah, exactly. Transcription 00:04:00.850 00:04:04.000 Dehusk it, yeah. Transcription 00:04:04.000 00:04:05.588 We call that action... Transcription 00:04:05.588 00:04:06.238 tapan Transcription 00:04:06.238 00:04:07.475 tapan təbiʔ- eh Transcription 00:04:07.475 00:04:08.575 tapan pədi Transcription 00:04:08.575 00:04:11.438 So tapan is the verb... Transcription 00:04:11.438 00:04:13.925 Winnowing, in English. Transcription 00:04:13.925 00:04:16.613 Yeah. Transcription 00:04:16.613 00:04:22.225 So tapan is to winnow, the action of doing it, right? Transcription 00:04:22.225 00:04:24.100 Wait, tapan is the thing. Transcription 00:04:24.100 00:04:25.025 Oh, the thing. Transcription 00:04:25.025 00:04:28.363 The action is napa- I think it's... Transcription 00:04:28.363 00:04:29.000 napan Transcription 00:04:29.000 00:04:31.588 Or, yeah, napa- napan, yeah napan. Transcription 00:04:31.588 00:04:44.350 Mhm. Transcription 00:04:44.350 00:04:49.725 So you can say, like, uh... Transcription 00:04:49.725 00:04:53.275 Would you say, yoh napan təbiʔ? Transcription 00:04:53.275 00:04:54.688 yoh napan təbiʔ Transcription 00:04:54.688 00:04:55.425 Yes. Transcription 00:04:55.425 00:04:57.925 You can say something like that? Transcription 00:04:57.925 00:05:21.200 Okay. Transcription 00:05:21.200 00:05:28.363 And I've, how do you say, like, he is winnowing the rice? Transcription 00:05:28.363 00:05:30.150 It is like... Transcription 00:05:30.150 00:05:31.025 Doing it right now. Transcription 00:05:31.025 00:05:34.238 I think the sentence you used just now. Transcription 00:05:34.238 00:05:36.288 You'd use that? Aha. Transcription 00:05:36.288 00:05:43.488 What if I wanted to say already, like, he already winnowed the rice? Transcription 00:05:43.488 00:05:45.100 You'll add the word mboh. Transcription 00:05:45.100 00:05:46.888 yoh mboh napan təbiʔ Transcription 00:05:46.888 00:06:01.425 Ah, yeah, okay. Transcription 00:06:01.425 00:06:04.575 Can I say, mboh iʔ napan təbiʔ? Transcription 00:06:04.575 00:06:05.788 mboh iʔ napan təbiʔ Transcription 00:06:05.788 00:06:07.088 mboh iʔ napan təbiʔ Transcription 00:06:07.088 00:06:11.700 mboh... mboh iʔ napan... Transcription 00:06:11.700 00:06:21.975 Yeah, but the, um, now it sounds like, almost like you're answering a question, like someone asked, has he done this, then you say um, he-... Transcription 00:06:21.975 00:06:24.225 mboh iʔ napan təbiʔ Transcription 00:06:24.225 00:06:27.300 Ah, so that's a response to the question, then? Transcription 00:06:27.300 00:06:28.175 Mm. Transcription 00:06:28.175 00:06:44.263 Okay. Transcription 00:06:44.263 00:06:55.138 And how would you say the question, like, has he winnowed the rice? What is that question, how would you say that? Transcription 00:06:55.138 00:06:58.250 Um, yoh mboh napan təbiʔ Transcription 00:06:58.250 00:07:01.125 yoh mboh napan pədi? Transcription 00:07:01.125 00:07:05.788 Just with the rising inflection? Transcription 00:07:05.788 00:07:06.700 Yeah, right, yeah. Transcription 00:07:06.700 00:07:07.963 yoh mboh napan pədi? Transcription 00:07:07.963 00:07:18.213 Or, I think now, it's very common for people to just add the ka, but like, even without the ka, it'll be fine. Transcription 00:07:18.213 00:07:46.688 Okay. Transcription 00:07:46.688 00:07:59.138 Do you know what the word is for a granary, like the place where you store rice? Transcription 00:07:59.138 00:08:04.038 I don't, I'm not sure, no, I don't know the word for that. Transcription 00:08:04.038 00:08:05.138 That's okay. Transcription 00:08:05.138 00:08:11.125 How about the word to plant, like, if you're planting rice? Transcription 00:08:11.125 00:08:16.363 So... for rice, it's um... Transcription 00:08:16.363 00:08:17.613 pərun Transcription 00:08:17.613 00:08:18.513 pərun Transcription 00:08:18.513 00:08:19.450 pərun? Transcription 00:08:19.450 00:08:20.475 Yeah, pərun. Transcription 00:08:20.475 00:08:26.038 pərun təbiʔ Transcription 00:08:26.038 00:09:02.413 p, e, r, u, n, I think. Transcription 00:09:02.413 00:09:08.588 So the, that's, that's [pərun], not [pəruŋ]? Transcription 00:09:08.588 00:09:11.150 Not [pəruŋ], yeah, [pərun]. Transcription 00:09:11.150 00:09:14.413 Just with an at the end, not an at the end? Transcription 00:09:14.413 00:09:16.363 Yeah, enough, yeah. Transcription 00:09:16.363 00:09:26.950 Okay, cool, cool. Transcription 00:09:26.950 00:09:33.275 So, similar words and different words, moving on to different things. Transcription 00:09:33.275 00:09:38.625 How would, how do you say wing, like the wing of an animal? Transcription 00:09:38.625 00:09:41.650 Wing, pər-, like, oh, wings? Transcription 00:09:41.650 00:09:42.725 Wings, yeah. Transcription 00:09:42.725 00:09:43.500 Yeah, like... Transcription 00:09:43.500 00:09:44.650 rad Transcription 00:09:44.650 00:09:45.288 rad Transcription 00:09:45.288 00:09:46.438 r, a, d Transcription 00:09:46.438 00:09:47.738 [ərad]? Transcription 00:09:47.738 00:09:50.325 Yeah, rad. Transcription 00:09:50.325 00:09:57.225 Okay. Transcription 00:09:57.225 00:10:02.775 Uh, how do you say, uh, lice? Transcription 00:10:02.775 00:10:03.938 Lice... Transcription 00:10:03.938 00:10:08.625 Like kutu. Transcription 00:10:08.625 00:10:13.625 Kutu... kutu, oh. Transcription 00:10:13.625 00:10:14.475 rəɡi Transcription 00:10:14.475 00:10:18.800 rəɡi, yeah rəɡi, r, e, g, i? Transcription 00:10:18.800 00:10:20.150 rəɡi? Transcription 00:10:20.150 00:10:35.950 Yeah, rəɡi. Transcription 00:10:35.950 00:10:41.550 Have you ever heard of a word ɡutis, or ɡətis? Transcription 00:10:41.550 00:10:46.050 Oh yeah, yeah, I've heard of that, yeah so I think hair lice is... Transcription 00:10:46.050 00:10:48.100 ɡətis Transcription 00:10:48.100 00:10:56.525 But, um, like, other rəɡis, like, you know the, like the big one on animals? Transcription 00:10:56.525 00:10:59.375 Oh, okay, yeah, like a flea? Transcription 00:10:59.375 00:11:00.825 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:11:00.825 00:11:05.100 Okay. Transcription 00:11:05.100 00:11:12.350 rəɡi, maybe something that's on your body instead of your head, maybe? Transcription 00:11:12.350 00:11:21.825 Mhm... ɡətis, ɡətis, rəɡi... I almost feel like I've never heard it said for people. Transcription 00:11:21.825 00:11:22.562 Okay. Transcription 00:11:22.562 00:11:31.862 Yeah, but I, maybe, yeah, but I, it feels like it make sense for ɡətis to be on the head because that's the only situation where I've heard it. Transcription 00:11:31.862 00:11:34.012 Mhm, yeah. Transcription 00:11:34.012 00:11:42.650 Uh, what about the eggs, louse eggs? Transcription 00:11:42.650 00:11:46.762 ɡətis... Well I think we'll just add the word egg in front, like... Transcription 00:11:46.762 00:11:48.550 turuə̯h ɡətis Transcription 00:11:48.550 00:11:51.312 turuə̯h ɡətis Transcription 00:11:51.312 00:11:53.587 The word egg? What was the word egg? Transcription 00:11:53.587 00:11:54.337 Um... Transcription 00:11:54.337 00:11:55.287 turuə̯h Transcription 00:11:55.287 00:12:00.162 turuə̯h, t, u, r, u, a, h? Transcription 00:12:00.162 00:12:00.687 turuə̯h Transcription 00:12:00.687 00:12:01.162 Yeah. Transcription 00:12:01.162 00:12:02.512 turuə̯h, okay. Transcription 00:12:02.512 00:12:42.900 Yeah. Transcription 00:12:42.900 00:12:53.425 So uh how... How well do you think you know different types of animals? Transcription 00:12:53.425 00:12:55.037 Mm animals, um... Transcription 00:12:55.037 00:12:57.337 hhhhh Transcription 00:12:57.337 00:13:03.087 I feel like domestic type of animals, I feel like I know names of them, but like wild animals... Transcription 00:13:03.087 00:13:09.837 I have so little exposure on their names, like, yeah... Transcription 00:13:09.837 00:13:17.487 Okay, so let's see, uh... The word for fish? What's that? Transcription 00:13:17.487 00:13:19.987 Uh, kiə̯n. Transcription 00:13:19.987 00:13:20.900 kiə̯n Transcription 00:13:20.900 00:13:21.825 kiə̯n, okay. Transcription 00:13:21.825 00:13:29.400 Yeah, I think it's k, i, e, n, or maybe a, kiə̯n, kiə̯n, e, I think it sounds like e. Transcription 00:13:29.400 00:13:30.475 kiə̯n? Transcription 00:13:30.475 00:13:31.162 Yeah. Transcription 00:13:31.162 00:13:37.212 Uh, what about the gills on a fish? Transcription 00:13:37.212 00:13:54.050 Gills, uh, can, kadi... kadi... Gills, gills, um, gills, okay, I'm not sure what gills is, I think I'll have to... write and ask some... Transcription 00:13:54.050 00:14:02.187 No worries, hhh, um... Transcription 00:14:02.187 00:14:02.737 Gills... Transcription 00:14:02.737 00:14:07.625 Do you know any words for hornbill? Transcription 00:14:07.625 00:14:08.775 Hornbill? Transcription 00:14:08.775 00:14:13.275 Yeah, it's a wild one, but it's kinda famous. Transcription 00:14:13.275 00:14:27.700 Yeah it's famous, but because of its fame, everyone is saying it in the English word or the Malay word. I think it's, what's the Malay word? Yeah I'm not even sure what the Malay word is, but, yeah, so hornbill, yeah. Transcription 00:14:27.700 00:14:33.437 Hornbill? No, I don't know what it's called. Transcription 00:14:33.437 00:14:39.762 What about...? Transcription 00:14:39.762 00:14:41.462 Snake? Transcription 00:14:41.462 00:14:43.700 Snake? Okay, what's snake? Transcription 00:14:43.700 00:14:45.050 Oh, so snake is... Transcription 00:14:45.050 00:14:47.050 jəpoh Transcription 00:14:47.050 00:14:48.150 jəpoh? Transcription 00:14:48.150 00:14:55.462 Yeah, j, e, p, o, h, jəpoh, which is also like the word for teeth. Transcription 00:14:55.462 00:14:56.950 It's the same? Transcription 00:14:56.950 00:14:58.612 Yeah, jəpoh. Transcription 00:14:58.612 00:15:07.412 Oh, interesting, so those are homophones, then? Cool. Transcription 00:15:07.412 00:15:10.200 Yeah. Transcription 00:15:10.200 00:15:15.650 In Serian Bidayuh language, like the word for snake and teeth, they are... Transcription 00:15:15.650 00:15:20.762 They are also, they sound similar, but they begin differently, so... Transcription 00:15:20.762 00:15:31.037 nipəh for snake, and then jipəh for teeth, that's the Serian dialect, but for our dialect, they sound the same, yeah. Transcription 00:15:31.037 00:15:35.462 jəpoh for both of them? Transcription 00:15:35.462 00:15:38.900 Do you know squirrel? Transcription 00:15:38.900 00:15:41.562 Squirrel, um... Transcription 00:15:41.562 00:15:42.062 I almost say... Transcription 00:15:42.062 00:15:42.562 tupay Transcription 00:15:42.562 00:15:43.550 but I'm... Transcription 00:15:43.550 00:15:47.387 hh Transcription 00:15:47.387 00:15:53.962 Squirrel, tu-... Transcription 00:15:53.962 00:16:06.012 Okay, I'm, is it, I'm not sure, I feel like I want to say tupay, but I feel like there's an older word for that. Transcription 00:16:06.012 00:16:11.012 I think a lot of people say tupay, they just, they say, just use tupay. Transcription 00:16:11.012 00:16:12.587 Yeah. Transcription 00:16:12.587 00:16:15.925 Uh, what about, uh, mouse? Transcription 00:16:15.925 00:16:17.650 Mouse, okay, so, I think... Transcription 00:16:17.650 00:16:18.812 babu Transcription 00:16:18.812 00:16:20.075 babu? Transcription 00:16:20.075 00:16:35.537 Yeah. Transcription 00:16:35.537 00:16:39.337 Do you have a word for, uh, tenggiling? Transcription 00:16:39.337 00:16:40.637 For what? Transcription 00:16:40.637 00:16:43.437 The pangolin? Transcription 00:16:43.437 00:16:48.387 Pangolin? Um... Transcription 00:16:48.387 00:17:00.187 It, I, if we have it, I don't know it. Transcription 00:17:00.187 00:17:04.437 Pangolin... Transcription 00:17:04.437 00:17:05.525 Yeah, I don't... Transcription 00:17:05.525 00:17:08.137 Do you know, do you have a word turtle? Transcription 00:17:08.137 00:17:14.962 Turtle, um... Transcription 00:17:14.962 00:17:20.262 Uh... the words that come are just the Malay words, is it not like, uh... Transcription 00:17:20.262 00:17:23.125 Yeah, labi-labi or kura-kura? Transcription 00:17:23.125 00:17:24.575 kura? Transcription 00:17:24.575 00:17:42.762 Yeah, it's no problem, cool. Transcription 00:17:42.762 00:17:45.500 What's the word for tree? Transcription 00:17:45.500 00:17:46.587 Tree is... Transcription 00:17:46.587 00:17:49.537 təŋon kiyuh Transcription 00:17:49.537 00:17:51.662 təŋon kiyuh Transcription 00:17:51.662 00:17:53.875 təŋon kiyuh? Transcription 00:17:53.875 00:17:56.225 Yes. Transcription 00:17:56.225 00:17:57.300 təŋon kiyuh, so... Transcription 00:17:57.300 00:17:58.337 I think you remember the word Transcription 00:17:58.337 00:17:58.812 kiyuh Transcription 00:17:58.812 00:18:03.937 Meaning, it means like wood or stick, yeah, so... Transcription 00:18:03.937 00:18:11.337 I'm not sure what təŋon mean, but those two words together, they mean tree. Transcription 00:18:11.337 00:18:13.587 təŋon kiyuh Transcription 00:18:13.587 00:18:19.425 I think təŋon mean like, um... Transcription 00:18:19.425 00:18:24.925 Sounds like a pillar, or like the trunk of a tree, like... Transcription 00:18:24.925 00:18:34.525 Okay, is it like, um... Transcription 00:18:34.525 00:18:48.387 What's the... is it tunggu? Is that the word? Transcription 00:18:48.387 00:18:51.012 Yeah, tunggu, in Malay? Transcription 00:18:51.012 00:18:51.562 Tunggu? Transcription 00:18:51.562 00:18:54.662 Er, is that a Malay word? Transcription 00:18:54.662 00:18:56.175 Um, yeah, yeah, tunggu is... Transcription 00:18:56.175 00:18:58.225 It's the same concept, right? Transcription 00:18:58.225 00:19:01.787 Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, but we say təŋon. Transcription 00:19:01.787 00:19:04.175 təŋon Transcription 00:19:04.175 00:19:10.125 Pillar of wood. Transcription 00:19:10.125 00:19:21.700 Do you have any word that refers to, like, the base of a tree? Like, just the bottom part? Transcription 00:19:21.700 00:19:31.112 Mm, I'm not so sure, but I feel like there's not specific part of that, um, like the bottom area. I think we just say, like... Transcription 00:19:31.112 00:19:31.950 wat Transcription 00:19:31.950 00:19:34.362 Which mean like the root area. Transcription 00:19:34.362 00:19:39.712 Ah, aha. Transcription 00:19:39.712 00:19:41.975 wat means roots. Transcription 00:19:41.975 00:19:47.412 Yeah. Transcription 00:19:47.412 00:19:54.487 I've heard it used to describe, like, the veins, too. Transcription 00:19:54.487 00:19:58.737 So- would you say that that's pronounced [wat]? Transcription 00:19:58.737 00:20:00.300 Yeah, wat, w, a, t, wat. Transcription 00:20:00.300 00:20:02.387 wat, ah, okay. Transcription 00:20:02.387 00:20:03.312 Yeah. Transcription 00:20:03.312 00:20:07.200 So that can be veins, or it can be roots? Transcription 00:20:07.200 00:20:08.400 Yeah. Transcription 00:20:08.400 00:20:13.175 They do, they do look kinda the s- they have a similar appearance. Transcription 00:20:13.175 00:20:16.125 hh they do. Transcription 00:20:16.125 00:20:26.725 Okay, cool, um... Transcription 00:20:26.725 00:20:30.849 How do you say, uh, choose? Transcription 00:20:30.849 00:20:32.024 Choose... Transcription 00:20:32.024 00:20:35.112 miʔiə̯n Transcription 00:20:35.112 00:20:43.424 How do I spell this? miʔiə̯n, mi- miʔiə̯n, m, i, i, e, n? Transcription 00:20:43.424 00:20:44.524 miʔiə̯n Transcription 00:20:44.524 00:20:45.587 miʔiə̯n? Transcription 00:20:45.587 00:20:49.474 miʔiə̯n Transcription 00:20:49.474 00:20:59.274 So how- how could I say, um, like, he chose this one? Transcription 00:20:59.274 00:21:01.624 yoh miʔiə̯n atiʔ Transcription 00:21:01.624 00:21:03.324 yoh miʔiə̯n atiʔ? Transcription 00:21:03.324 00:21:26.962 Yes. Transcription 00:21:26.962 00:21:30.812 How would you say, what did he choose? Transcription 00:21:30.812 00:21:33.962 aki ndi miʔiə̯n iʔ? Transcription 00:21:33.962 00:21:42.362 aki ndi miʔiə̯n iʔ? Transcription 00:21:42.362 00:21:46.649 aki ndi miʔiə̯n... iʔ? Transcription 00:21:46.649 00:21:55.937 Yes. Transcription 00:21:55.937 00:21:59.387 aki ndi miʔiə̯n iʔ? Transcription 00:21:59.387 00:22:03.512 How would you say, who chose this? Transcription 00:22:03.512 00:22:14.062 si miʔiə̯n atiʔ? Transcription 00:22:14.062 00:22:17.687 If you want the emphasis to be on the thing that is being chose, you say... Transcription 00:22:17.687 00:22:32.049 atiʔ si miʔiə̯n? Transcription 00:22:32.049 00:22:37.374 So that's like, this was chosen by who? Or something like that, maybe, in English? Transcription 00:22:37.374 00:22:42.099 Yeah. Transcription 00:22:42.099 00:22:45.187 aki ndi miʔiə̯n iʔ? Transcription 00:22:45.187 00:22:51.012 What did he choose? Is it possible to say, [akin] yoh miʔiə̯n? Transcription 00:22:51.012 00:22:51.524 aki-... Transcription 00:22:51.524 00:22:53.374 aki yoh miʔiə̯n? Transcription 00:22:53.374 00:22:54.112 Yeah. Transcription 00:22:54.112 00:22:56.937 Ah, yeah, you can say that, aki- Transcription 00:22:56.937 00:22:59.987 aki yoh miʔiə̯n? Transcription 00:22:59.987 00:23:05.662 Yeah. Transcription 00:23:05.662 00:23:14.887 So, [akin] yoh miʔiə̯n? Transcription 00:23:14.887 00:23:16.287 Mm. Transcription 00:23:16.287 00:23:17.787 That's okay? Transcription 00:23:17.787 00:23:19.087 Yeah, it's okay. Transcription 00:23:19.087 00:23:23.787 And that means, that means it's like, what did he choose, also? Transcription 00:23:23.787 00:23:33.137 Yeah, so when you put the ndi there, like, which one did he choose? Usually the options is there, you can see all the options there. Transcription 00:23:33.137 00:23:38.599 But when you're not so sure what he, like like what he could choose, without saying ndi, like... Transcription 00:23:38.599 00:23:42.137 aki yoh miʔiə̯n? Transcription 00:23:42.137 00:23:50.974 It's that one, for that situation. Transcription 00:23:50.974 00:23:55.737 Is it [akin di]? Transcription 00:23:55.737 00:23:56.749 No, aki. Transcription 00:23:56.749 00:24:00.099 aki ndi? Transcription 00:24:00.099 00:24:00.999 Yes. Transcription 00:24:00.999 00:24:03.649 Oh, okay, so it's which one? Transcription 00:24:03.649 00:24:06.149 Yes, yes. / So that's ndi, the number one, okay. Transcription 00:24:06.149 00:24:15.362 Yeah, yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:24:15.362 00:24:36.549 Which one did he choose? I see, I see. Transcription 00:24:36.549 00:24:42.937 Could you say, aki ndi yoh miʔiə̯n? Transcription 00:24:42.937 00:24:44.062 ki ndi yoh miʔiə̯n? Transcription 00:24:44.062 00:25:13.474 Yes. Transcription 00:25:13.474 00:25:22.774 Could you ask something, uh, like, um... Transcription 00:25:22.774 00:25:27.837 Hmm, how can I phrase this? Transcription 00:25:27.837 00:25:31.837 I wanna say, like, his choice. Transcription 00:25:31.837 00:25:42.124 So, like, it's his choice, like how could- can you say something like that? This is his choice? Transcription 00:25:42.124 00:25:47.874 This is, like, his choice, like the noun, choice? Transcription 00:25:47.874 00:25:52.412 Yes, something, yeah, the noun choice, like, yeah. Transcription 00:25:52.412 00:25:59.237 Ah, I think you would say like, he can choose anything, uh... Transcription 00:25:59.237 00:26:04.862 Best would be the, like the best translation for, in the Bidayuh you could say, um... Transcription 00:26:04.862 00:26:08.649 yoh bisaʔ miʔiə̯n- I think the word for anything is... Transcription 00:26:08.649 00:26:09.799 tədoʔ tədoʔ iʔ Transcription 00:26:09.799 00:26:15.674 I'm not sure what that means, like, intrinsically, but like it means, uh, so... Transcription 00:26:15.674 00:26:16.412 tədoʔ tədoʔ iʔ Transcription 00:26:16.412 00:26:19.837 Mean anything, so... Transcription 00:26:19.837 00:26:23.887 yoh bisaʔ miʔiə̯n tədoʔ tədoʔ iʔ Transcription 00:26:23.887 00:26:25.962 Or, um... Transcription 00:26:25.962 00:26:28.912 yoh bisaʔ miʔiə̯n aki ndi yoh an Transcription 00:26:28.912 00:26:34.512 Which mean, he can choose whatever, which one he wants, yeah. Transcription 00:26:34.512 00:26:38.174 So, yoh bisaʔ miʔiə̯n tədoʔ tədoʔ iʔ Transcription 00:26:38.174 00:26:38.812 Mhm. Transcription 00:26:38.812 00:26:44.087 And the other one was, yoh bisaʔ miʔiə̯n aki ndi- what, what was that last bit? Transcription 00:26:44.087 00:26:46.112 aki ndi yoh an Transcription 00:26:46.112 00:26:47.237 yoh an? Transcription 00:26:47.237 00:27:04.324 Yeah. Transcription 00:27:04.324 00:27:07.599 That's, he can choose whichever he wants? Transcription 00:27:07.599 00:27:15.599 Mm. Transcription 00:27:15.599 00:27:22.249 What does, uh... So in this sentence, yoh bisaʔ miʔiə̯n aki ndi yoh an... Transcription 00:27:22.249 00:27:28.149 What is that, like, an at the end there, like yoh an? Transcription 00:27:28.149 00:27:29.612 want, he want Transcription 00:27:29.612 00:27:30.262 yoh an Transcription 00:27:30.262 00:27:31.987 He wants, so... Transcription 00:27:31.987 00:27:34.537 Oh, so an is want? Transcription 00:27:34.537 00:27:35.749 Yes, want. Transcription 00:27:35.749 00:27:42.999 Ah, okay. Transcription 00:27:42.999 00:27:45.499 Yeah, we use it like in words- uh, in sentences like... Transcription 00:27:45.499 00:27:46.349 kuʔ an man Transcription 00:27:46.349 00:27:49.749 I want to eat. Transcription 00:27:49.749 00:28:02.424 kuʔ an man, I want to eat. Transcription 00:28:02.424 00:28:05.774 Can you say, an kuʔ man? Transcription 00:28:05.774 00:28:07.462 an kuʔ man Transcription 00:28:07.462 00:28:11.674 Yeah, now it sounds like you are answering a question, like, do you want to eat? Transcription 00:28:11.674 00:28:12.424 Okay. Transcription 00:28:12.424 00:28:32.499 Yeah, I want to eat. Transcription 00:28:32.499 00:28:43.249 And so if you can say an kuʔ man, you can say an muʔ- an muʔ man? You want to eat? Transcription 00:28:43.249 00:28:47.649 Um... it doesn't sound so right. Transcription 00:28:47.649 00:28:48.599 kuʔ an man Transcription 00:28:48.599 00:28:52.962 or... hm... muʔ? Transcription 00:28:52.962 00:28:54.487 kuʔ an man Transcription 00:28:54.487 00:28:55.199 Yeah, it will... Transcription 00:28:55.199 00:28:55.949 kuʔ an man Transcription 00:28:55.949 00:29:02.274 I don't know how, why, but muʔ is, I think muʔ is for like, when... Transcription 00:29:02.274 00:29:05.374 Like, for example, I say, this is your book, I say... Transcription 00:29:05.374 00:29:07.024 atiʔ bukuʔmuʔ Transcription 00:29:07.024 00:29:15.974 So, I think muʔ and iʔ, it has like, like uh... Transcription 00:29:15.974 00:29:20.574 It has like a property thing, like... Transcription 00:29:20.574 00:29:23.074 Like a genetive, like a possessive? Transcription 00:29:23.074 00:29:23.874 Yeah, yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:29:23.874 00:29:27.474 Yeah, yes, that's right. Transcription 00:29:27.474 00:29:33.162 So, in that case, an muʔ man doesn't sound right? Transcription 00:29:33.162 00:29:51.374 Yeah. Transcription 00:29:51.374 00:29:57.974 So for the word choose, again, miʔiə̯n, um... Transcription 00:29:57.974 00:30:05.812 So you can say bukuʔmuʔ, which means your book, but I couldn't say something like miʔiə̯nmuʔ, your choice? Transcription 00:30:05.812 00:30:09.112 miʔiə̯n... Transcription 00:30:09.112 00:30:14.562 I think, um, miʔiə̯n, I think because miʔiə̯n is a verb... Transcription 00:30:14.562 00:30:20.974 So when you want to say like, your choice, you have to add like the things you choose. Transcription 00:30:20.974 00:30:22.899 kiyuh miʔiə̯nmuʔ Transcription 00:30:22.899 00:30:25.649 Would- yeah, sounds okay, yeah. Transcription 00:30:25.649 00:30:27.799 What was that, kiyuh miʔiə̯nmuʔ? Transcription 00:30:27.799 00:30:35.799 Yeah, um, hmm, I think miʔiə̯n, I think you have to change the miʔiə̯n into... Transcription 00:30:35.799 00:30:37.049 kiyuh duə̯ɡ miʔiə̯n Transcription 00:30:37.049 00:30:39.699 I think you have to add duə̯ɡ, uh, kiyuh duə̯ɡ miʔiə̯n Transcription 00:30:39.699 00:30:42.961 kiyuh duə̯ɡ miʔiə̯nmuʔ Transcription 00:30:42.961 00:30:46.511 Uh, what were those sentences? Can you say them again? Transcription 00:30:46.511 00:30:56.674 kiyuh duə̯ɡ miʔiə̯nmuʔ Transcription 00:30:56.674 00:31:00.499 kiyuh duə̯ɡ miʔiə̯nmuʔ? Transcription 00:31:00.499 00:31:02.261 Yes, miʔiə̯nmuʔ. Transcription 00:31:02.261 00:31:04.174 What does that mean? Transcription 00:31:04.174 00:31:12.224 Um, the things, uh, that you have chose, that you've chosen. Transcription 00:31:12.224 00:31:14.811 Your choice, yeah, your choice. Transcription 00:31:14.811 00:31:19.949 But like, in, the, yeah, the things that has been chosen. Transcription 00:31:19.949 00:31:21.924 Yeah. Transcription 00:31:21.924 00:31:24.024 So kiyuh means, like, things? Transcription 00:31:24.024 00:31:26.049 Yeah. Transcription 00:31:26.049 00:31:32.061 Okay. Transcription 00:31:32.061 00:31:37.599 There's a lot of like this, um like, for kiyuh, it means like wood and also things, and the word... Transcription 00:31:37.599 00:31:38.061 tanaʔ Transcription 00:31:38.061 00:31:43.224 Which mean earth or soil, it also mean floor. Transcription 00:31:43.224 00:31:46.774 Transcription 00:31:46.774 00:31:50.524 So, tanaʔ means soil and it means what? Transcription 00:31:50.524 00:31:55.561 Earth, like this, earth, made of soil, it also mean the floor. Transcription 00:31:55.561 00:31:57.649 Floor, like inside the house, floor? Transcription 00:31:57.649 00:31:58.499 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:31:58.499 00:32:00.361 Ah. Transcription 00:32:00.361 00:32:03.524 So if I were to, I say that I want to sit on like the floor, I would say... Transcription 00:32:03.524 00:32:05.974 kuʔ an kəruʔ tiʔ tanaʔ Transcription 00:32:05.974 00:32:10.461 Even though it sounds like, like yeah, when you are saying it, you don't think much about it, but... Transcription 00:32:10.461 00:32:35.474 Yeah, when you analyse it, it feels like, I want to sit in the soil, yeah. Transcription 00:32:35.474 00:32:43.036 How do you say, um, to break something? Like... Transcription 00:32:43.036 00:32:46.811 There's probably different words for different types of breaking? Transcription 00:32:46.811 00:32:47.361 Mhm. Transcription 00:32:47.361 00:32:55.811 Um, so so can you name different words for breaking and what they mean? Transcription 00:32:55.811 00:33:01.486 Okay, so, break, like break, like wood, or a stick, you'll say... Transcription 00:33:01.486 00:33:02.936 kataʔ Transcription 00:33:02.936 00:33:03.874 kataʔ Transcription 00:33:03.874 00:33:10.799 Um, k, the k is, kataʔ, uh the k is like the normal k, so kataʔ Transcription 00:33:10.799 00:33:11.561 kataʔ Transcription 00:33:11.561 00:33:15.049 So that's- that's a verb, to break. Transcription 00:33:15.049 00:33:21.961 So if you were to describe, like, the motion of that type of breaking, what is it? Transcription 00:33:21.961 00:33:23.236 It would be like snapping. Transcription 00:33:23.236 00:33:29.899 Oh, like snapping? Okay, ah. Transcription 00:33:29.899 00:33:34.236 And you can use that for bones, too? Like, he broke his bone? Transcription 00:33:34.236 00:33:37.424 Uh, there's an adjective for that, like... Transcription 00:33:37.424 00:33:38.561 pətaʔ Transcription 00:33:38.561 00:33:39.099 pətaʔ? Transcription 00:33:39.099 00:33:41.311 Like, yeah, broken, like broken bones. Transcription 00:33:41.311 00:33:49.136 Ah. Transcription 00:33:49.136 00:33:51.886 And what about other types of break? Transcription 00:33:51.886 00:33:53.836 Mm, break... Transcription 00:33:53.836 00:33:59.174 Like break when you spoil something, that is, I think there's the word... Transcription 00:33:59.174 00:33:59.786 pərusak Transcription 00:33:59.786 00:34:07.924 pe- rusak, rusak... Transcription 00:34:07.924 00:34:08.836 pərusak Transcription 00:34:08.836 00:34:09.786 dərusak Transcription 00:34:09.786 00:34:18.011 i... rusak... ŋərusak, ŋərusak... Okay, yeah okay, ŋərus- ŋə-... Transcription 00:34:18.011 00:34:19.349 I don't know how to spell it, but it sounds like... Transcription 00:34:19.349 00:34:20.549 ŋərusak Transcription 00:34:20.549 00:34:21.961 ŋərusak? Ah. Transcription 00:34:21.961 00:34:33.474 Yeah. ŋərusak, ŋərusak... Transcription 00:34:33.474 00:34:59.149 What types of things can you use that word for, ŋərusak ? Transcription 00:34:59.149 00:35:05.786 Uh, so, we were talking about breaking last. Transcription 00:35:05.786 00:35:06.961 Breaking, yeah. Transcription 00:35:06.961 00:35:13.186 So you said kataʔ, which is like breaking like wood, or snapping. Transcription 00:35:13.186 00:35:16.449 pətaʔ, which is like a broken bone, right? Transcription 00:35:16.449 00:35:17.999 Mm. Transcription 00:35:17.999 00:35:22.136 ŋərusak? Transcription 00:35:22.136 00:35:33.011 How would you describe, like, uh, like a broken mirror, or something that shatters, like that type of breaking? Transcription 00:35:33.011 00:35:34.874 Mm, okay, so, that will be... Transcription 00:35:34.874 00:35:35.874 bətah Transcription 00:35:35.874 00:35:36.774 bətah Transcription 00:35:36.774 00:35:38.174 bətah? Transcription 00:35:38.174 00:35:40.736 b, e, t, a, h Transcription 00:35:40.736 00:35:47.111 Shatter. Okay. Transcription 00:35:47.111 00:35:58.324 And what word would you use for broken like, just something's not working correctly? Like, it's broken. Transcription 00:35:58.324 00:36:01.149 Mm.... Transcription 00:36:01.149 00:36:03.936 Or is there such a concept? Transcription 00:36:03.936 00:36:05.361 Yeah, I think, I think... Transcription 00:36:05.361 00:36:06.036 rusak Transcription 00:36:06.036 00:36:06.524 That's the word. Transcription 00:36:06.524 00:36:26.536 rusak, okay, okay. Transcription 00:36:26.536 00:36:36.849 So how would you say, like, the wood is snapped? hh Transcription 00:36:36.849 00:36:43.036 Could you say, like, kiyuh kataʔ? Transcription 00:36:43.036 00:36:44.536 # kiyuh kataʔ Transcription 00:36:44.536 00:36:48.224 kiyuh kataʔ means the wood is doing the snapping. Transcription 00:36:48.224 00:36:49.674 Oh. Transcription 00:36:49.674 00:36:51.724 So pətaʔ Transcription 00:36:51.724 00:36:52.511 kiyuh pətaʔ Transcription 00:36:52.511 00:37:08.624 Means like broken wood. Transcription 00:37:08.624 00:37:14.324 So you could say, like, yoh kataʔ kiyuh? Transcription 00:37:14.324 00:37:16.124 Yeah. Transcription 00:37:16.124 00:37:20.799 That, that word, is it kataʔ or kətaʔ? Transcription 00:37:20.799 00:37:21.524 kataʔ Transcription 00:37:21.524 00:37:22.586 Like a, kataʔ. Transcription 00:37:22.586 00:37:46.274 kataʔ, okay. Transcription 00:37:46.274 00:38:12.086 Could you say, um... Let's see... Transcription 00:38:12.086 00:38:16.824 kiyuh atiʔ, so kiyuh atiʔ is this wood? Transcription 00:38:16.824 00:38:17.549 Mm. Transcription 00:38:17.549 00:38:28.499 Could you say kiyuh atiʔ, I'm sorry, kiyuh atiʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ? Transcription 00:38:28.499 00:38:29.936 Yes, yes. Transcription 00:38:29.936 00:38:31.786 You can just say it like that? Transcription 00:38:31.786 00:38:35.786 Yeah. Transcription 00:38:35.786 00:38:44.286 kiyuh atiʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ? Transcription 00:38:44.286 00:38:45.261 Mm. Transcription 00:38:45.261 00:38:47.524 And how would you translate that? Transcription 00:38:47.524 00:38:59.036 As like, um, this would has been broken, like, by someone or something, we don't know. Transcription 00:38:59.036 00:39:03.236 You don't have to say who it was, though? This is an okay sen-? Transcription 00:39:03.236 00:39:10.686 But what, so what if I wanted to say this wood has been broken by him? Transcription 00:39:10.686 00:39:15.911 Um, kiyuh atiʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ... iʔ- Transcription 00:39:15.911 00:39:23.174 Mm, so, if the person that has done that is in the same room, you would say, um... Transcription 00:39:23.174 00:39:24.874 kiyuh atiʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ yoh Transcription 00:39:24.874 00:39:33.149 Um, yeah, that person, or, if you don't want to include that person in the conversation, you will say iʔ. Transcription 00:39:33.149 00:39:34.649 duə̯ɡ kataʔ iʔ Transcription 00:39:34.649 00:39:37.799 Mm, yeah. Transcription 00:39:37.799 00:39:46.499 Okay, uh, so you could say, kiyuh atiʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ yoh and kiyuh atiʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ iʔ? Transcription 00:39:46.499 00:39:47.699 Mm. Transcription 00:39:47.699 00:39:50.899 And what did you say the difference between those two was? Transcription 00:39:50.899 00:40:06.849 Um, for yoh, mm, for yoh, I think when that person is in that room with you, like, the person that is doing the breaking, and you just, duə̯ɡ kataʔ yoh, so like, you're maybe like... Transcription 00:40:06.849 00:40:14.149 You're, you want that person to know that they're the one doing it. Transcription 00:40:14.149 00:40:25.699 And also all the other people there that's in the room, yeah. Transcription 00:40:25.699 00:40:31.448 As opposed to the sentence kiyuh atiʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ iʔ, which means... Transcription 00:40:31.448 00:40:43.698 Um this wood, yeah so, the person is, so maybe I'm telling you, and there's another person that has broken the wood. Transcription 00:40:43.698 00:40:54.648 And I'm saying, uh, this thing has been broken by him, like okay, he doesn't, maybe we're not talking with him, but about him, yeah. Transcription 00:40:54.648 00:41:02.911 The first one is like, duə̯ɡ kataʔ- it's almost like it's more, um... Transcription 00:41:02.911 00:41:19.511 I want to say honest, but not really, it's like more clear, like I'm almost pointing to that person, yeah. Transcription 00:41:19.511 00:41:31.223 I see, I see, okay. So maybe if you're not trying to make such a big deal out of it, you would, you could just say kiyuh atiʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ iʔ? Transcription 00:41:31.223 00:41:37.786 Like you're not trying to single that person out, or, okay. Transcription 00:41:37.786 00:41:50.561 Okay, that's interesting. And so... Transcription 00:41:50.561 00:41:58.011 Could I say, kiyuh atiʔ duə̯ɡ yoh kataʔ? Transcription 00:41:58.011 00:42:03.611 duə̯ɡ yoh kataʔ? duə̯ɡ yoh... Transcription 00:42:03.611 00:42:11.686 Um, I think the, uh, duə̯ɡ, so that sentence feels a bit unnatural but you can use... Transcription 00:42:11.686 00:42:14.436 kiyuh atiʔ yoh kataʔ Transcription 00:42:14.436 00:42:18.523 So without the duə̯ɡ. Transcription 00:42:18.523 00:42:26.448 Right, okay, so that would be, kiyuh atiʔ yoh kataʔ? Transcription 00:42:26.448 00:42:31.948 And that would mean like, so how would you explain that sentence? Transcription 00:42:31.948 00:42:35.636 So, um, this wood, he breaks it. Transcription 00:42:35.636 00:42:50.948 Okay. Transcription 00:42:50.948 00:43:00.986 So, just to continue with duə̯ɡ, could I say, kiyuh atiʔ yoh duə̯ɡ kataʔ? Transcription 00:43:00.986 00:43:03.348 kiyuh atiʔ yoh duə̯ɡ kataʔ Transcription 00:43:03.348 00:43:09.036 Okay, so in this sentence, the yoh now refers to the wood. Transcription 00:43:09.036 00:43:11.261 So like, uh, yeah. / Ah, I see. Transcription 00:43:11.261 00:43:13.573 kiyuh atiʔ, yoh duə̯ɡ kataʔ Transcription 00:43:13.573 00:43:15.698 Is that the sentence? Transcription 00:43:15.698 00:43:16.923 Yeah. Transcription 00:43:16.923 00:43:27.261 So this wood, it has been broken. Transcription 00:43:27.261 00:43:33.036 So, so, you're saying like, his wood? Transcription 00:43:33.036 00:43:35.661 No, the wood itself. Transcription 00:43:35.661 00:43:37.223 Just, the wood? Transcription 00:43:37.223 00:43:37.873 Yeah. Transcription 00:43:37.873 00:43:43.623 Okay. Transcription 00:43:43.623 00:43:54.811 I think because we preface the sentence with kiyuh atiʔ, cause it uh, kiyuh atiʔ, yoh duə̯ɡ kataʔ. Transcription 00:43:54.811 00:44:06.111 duə̯ɡ kataʔ means um, to get broken, like to be, like kəna, like that Malay kəna, kəna pata, so... Transcription 00:44:06.111 00:44:08.786 Yeah, it will refer to the wood itself. Transcription 00:44:08.786 00:44:09.386 Mhm. Transcription 00:44:09.386 00:44:19.023 Because the person doing it, uh, because, if I'm, so if I were to say the sentence yoh duə̯ɡ kataʔ, it means he got... Transcription 00:44:19.023 00:44:20.011 He was / ... broken, yeah. Transcription 00:44:20.011 00:44:22.386 Yeah, he was, the person. Transcription 00:44:22.386 00:44:23.073 Okay. Transcription 00:44:23.073 00:44:24.173 Transcription 00:44:24.173 00:44:41.423 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:44:41.423 00:44:44.873 Okay, so how, how about, uh... Transcription 00:44:44.873 00:44:50.848 And I think I'm gonna ask a few sentences that are wrong, I mean, I think they might be wrong, but we'll see. Transcription 00:44:50.848 00:44:54.111 Okay. Transcription 00:44:54.111 00:45:03.286 kiyuh at duə̯ɡ iʔ kataʔ? Transcription 00:45:03.286 00:45:04.773 The... Transcription 00:45:04.773 00:45:06.261 * kiyuh atiʔ duə̯ɡ iʔ kataʔ Transcription 00:45:06.261 00:45:18.961 Mm, duə̯ɡ iʔ- duə̯ɡ iʔ kataʔ... No, doesn't mean, yeah. Transcription 00:45:18.961 00:45:22.211 If you say kataʔ iʔ it, uh, it will mean something, like... Transcription 00:45:22.211 00:45:25.148 kiyuh atiʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ iʔ Transcription 00:45:25.148 00:45:28.223 Okay. Transcription 00:45:28.223 00:45:33.461 And what does it mean if I say, kiyuh atiʔ iʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ? Transcription 00:45:33.461 00:45:35.823 kiyuh atiʔ iʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ Transcription 00:45:35.823 00:45:41.473 kiyuh atiʔ iʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ Transcription 00:45:41.473 00:45:43.198 kiyuh atiʔ iʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ Transcription 00:45:43.198 00:45:47.211 kiyuh atiʔ iʔ, kiyuh atiʔ iʔ, kiyuh atiʔ iʔ-... Transcription 00:45:47.211 00:45:53.286 So, okay, if we like re-bracket the words... Transcription 00:45:53.286 00:45:54.886 kiyuh atiʔ iʔ Transcription 00:45:54.886 00:46:02.373 So kiyuh atiʔ iʔ means, his this wood. Transcription 00:46:02.373 00:46:13.761 Does that make sense? Like kiyuh um... kiyuh, this kiyuh atiʔ iʔ mean, his THIS wood has been broken, like it's almost like you... Transcription 00:46:13.761 00:46:14.848 Ah, I see. Transcription 00:46:14.848 00:46:18.498 Mm yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:46:18.498 00:46:23.648 Like he have many different types of woods and then this one is the one being broken, yeah. Transcription 00:46:23.648 00:46:29.061 kiyuh atiʔ iʔ Transcription 00:46:29.061 00:46:33.523 And, you're saying that sounds weird, or that sounds natural? Transcription 00:46:33.523 00:46:40.136 Um, mm, kiyuh atiʔ iʔ, kiyuh atiʔ iʔ, kiyuh atiʔ iʔ duə̯ɡ... Transcription 00:46:40.136 00:46:42.023 kiyuh atiʔ iʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ Transcription 00:46:42.023 00:46:42.936 Okay, okay... Transcription 00:46:42.936 00:46:44.686 kiyuh atiʔ iʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ Transcription 00:46:44.686 00:46:55.298 And the, like, the bracket for kiyuh atiʔ iʔ, then it becomes, it means something yeah, it's natural. Transcription 00:46:55.298 00:46:55.861 Okay. Transcription 00:46:55.861 00:46:57.911 kiyuh atiʔ iʔ duə̯ɡ kataʔ Transcription 00:46:57.911 00:47:04.411 So if I, if I said bukuʔ iʔ, that means his book? Transcription 00:47:04.411 00:47:05.486 Mhm. Transcription 00:47:05.486 00:47:08.348 Could I say, bukuʔ atiʔ iʔ? Transcription 00:47:08.348 00:47:10.461 bukuʔ atiʔ iʔ Transcription 00:47:10.461 00:47:14.223 bukuʔ atiʔ, bukuʔ iʔ, bukuʔ atiʔ iʔ Transcription 00:47:14.223 00:47:21.823 Yeah, bukuʔ atiʔ iʔ also sounds right, but it mean, uh yeah, the same, like kiyuh atiʔ iʔ Transcription 00:47:21.823 00:47:46.673 bukuʔ atiʔ iʔ means his book, this one, this bukuʔ, yeah, he has many books and this one, this one. Transcription 00:47:46.673 00:47:52.423 And then, I suppose, you could also say, like, bukuʔ atiʔ muʔ? Transcription 00:47:52.423 00:47:54.823 bukuʔ atiʔ muʔ Transcription 00:47:54.823 00:47:56.323 Yeah. Transcription 00:47:56.323 00:47:59.223 That would mean like, your book, this one? Transcription 00:47:59.223 00:48:00.386 Mhm, yeah. Transcription 00:48:00.386 00:48:01.523 Okay. Transcription 00:48:01.523 00:48:09.723 Like usually like in a school setting, everyone has like the same textbook, so I can ask like... Transcription 00:48:09.723 00:48:11.173 ki bukuʔ atiʔ muʔ? Transcription 00:48:11.173 00:48:16.648 So I'm showing them my copy, and then, where is your this book? Transcription 00:48:16.648 00:48:21.398 Ah, so that, so, [hi]? Transcription 00:48:21.398 00:48:22.273 He? Transcription 00:48:22.273 00:48:24.498 bukuʔ atiʔ muʔ? Transcription 00:48:24.498 00:48:26.098 Uh, ki, yeah, ki. Transcription 00:48:26.098 00:48:27.861 ki? k, i? Ah, ah, okay. Transcription 00:48:27.861 00:48:31.498 It's like from the word, yeah, aki, like which or where. Transcription 00:48:31.498 00:48:56.386 Okay. Transcription 00:48:56.386 00:48:59.536 How about the word afraid? Transcription 00:48:59.536 00:49:01.123 Afraid? So... Transcription 00:49:01.123 00:49:01.873 təru Transcription 00:49:01.873 00:49:02.873 təru Transcription 00:49:02.873 00:49:09.086 t, e, r, u, yeah, təru Transcription 00:49:09.086 00:49:12.423 So how would you say, I'm afraid? Transcription 00:49:12.423 00:49:13.073 I'm afraid? Transcription 00:49:13.073 00:49:14.311 kuʔ təru Transcription 00:49:14.311 00:49:19.761 kuʔ təru Transcription 00:49:19.761 00:49:24.148 kuʔ təru? Um... Transcription 00:49:24.148 00:49:30.086 How would you say, he scared me? Transcription 00:49:30.086 00:49:31.198 Okay, so this one... Transcription 00:49:31.198 00:49:35.086 yoh naru kuʔ Transcription 00:49:35.086 00:49:36.048 naru Transcription 00:49:36.048 00:49:38.748 n, a, r, u, yeah. Transcription 00:49:38.748 00:49:40.648 yoh naru kuʔ? Transcription 00:49:40.648 00:49:44.223 Mm. Transcription 00:49:44.223 00:49:52.423 Could I say, uh, kuʔ duə̯ɡ naru iʔ? Transcription 00:49:52.423 00:50:01.798 Yeah. Transcription 00:50:01.798 00:50:04.836 There's another word for, like, fear, it's... Transcription 00:50:04.836 00:50:06.086 təkaran Transcription 00:50:06.086 00:50:06.848 təkaran Transcription 00:50:06.848 00:50:10.886 And, it means like, intense fear. Transcription 00:50:10.886 00:50:11.748 Aha. Transcription 00:50:11.748 00:50:17.161 Yeah, like intense, like... Transcription 00:50:17.161 00:50:19.111 [karan]? Transcription 00:50:19.111 00:50:19.761 Yeah Transcription 00:50:19.761 00:50:20.511 təkaran Transcription 00:50:20.511 00:50:21.561 təkaran? Transcription 00:50:21.561 00:50:25.048 təkaran? Can you- / I think it's... Transcription 00:50:25.048 00:50:32.823 t, e, k, a, r, a, n. Or, I'm not sure if it's with the e, like [təkaran], or [tkaran]. Transcription 00:50:32.823 00:50:36.410 But it sounds something like that, yeah. Transcription 00:50:36.410 00:50:40.160 So, could you say like, kuʔ təkaran? Transcription 00:50:40.160 00:50:41.060 Yeah. Transcription 00:50:41.060 00:50:44.460 That'd mean, like, I'm very afraid, or something like that? Transcription 00:50:44.460 00:51:07.835 Yeah, this is usually used for when people are scared until they're like, they're like almost like curled up and shaking, yeah, it's... Transcription 00:51:07.835 00:51:15.073 So, could you use this as a verb, so like, with təru, we could say yoh naru kuʔ? Transcription 00:51:15.073 00:51:24.985 Can you do something with this, like can I say like, he really scared me, using təkaran? Transcription 00:51:24.985 00:51:32.723 Mm, okay you will say yoh da?, he makes, or you can also put the verb Transcription 00:51:32.723 00:51:33.460 daʔ Transcription 00:51:33.460 00:51:37.698 d, a, k, is to ask, like to instruct. Transcription 00:51:37.698 00:51:38.448 Ah. Transcription 00:51:38.448 00:51:43.435 But in this sentence, it means like, he makes me, really scared, like, so... Transcription 00:51:43.435 00:51:47.135 yoh daʔ kuʔ təkaran Transcription 00:51:47.135 00:51:49.485 yoh daʔ kuʔ təkaran? Transcription 00:51:49.485 00:51:50.748 Yes. Transcription 00:51:50.748 00:52:04.360 For, he makes me very scared? Transcription 00:52:04.360 00:52:16.348 Okay, so, can I say, um, kuʔ duə̯ɡ daʔ təkaran yoh? Transcription 00:52:16.348 00:52:18.998 kuʔ duə̯ɡ daʔ təkaran yoh Transcription 00:52:18.998 00:52:24.398 Or, kuʔ duə̯ɡ- h mm h Transcription 00:52:24.398 00:52:27.060 kuʔ duə̯ɡ daʔ təkaran iʔ? Transcription 00:52:27.060 00:52:35.073 kuʔ duə̯ɡ daʔ təkaran iʔ Transcription 00:52:35.073 00:52:42.473 Mm, okay... Transcription 00:52:42.473 00:52:58.748 It makes sense, but I think it means something different now, so duə̯ɡ, the word duə̯ɡ, yeah we've talked about this before, it means like to get, to get, like kena, the Malay kena, yeah. Transcription 00:52:58.748 00:52:59.873 Oh okay, okay. Transcription 00:52:59.873 00:53:04.735 Yeah, it's not get, but like, when you get, like, so... Transcription 00:53:04.735 00:53:15.998 In this sentence, so in the Bidayuh language, you can use duə̯ɡ to like, for he'll get it, you know, like, like, um... Transcription 00:53:15.998 00:53:31.360 So in this sentence, it means like, because of his fear, təkaran iʔ, um, I got, uh, so, so, duə̯ɡ is almost like get in trouble. Transcription 00:53:31.360 00:53:48.973 I think, yeah, how do you call it? Is it euphemism? No, no, not really, it's like yeah, it's like an idiom, and duə̯ɡ is like when you, yeah he gets, gets, kena, yeah. Transcription 00:53:48.973 00:53:53.173 kuʔ duə̯ɡ daʔ təkaran iʔ Transcription 00:53:53.173 00:54:07.298 So, so, duə̯ɡ daʔ təkaran iʔ doesn't mean what I wanted to mean, because what I was thinking was, like I was made afraid by him, or something like that. Transcription 00:54:07.298 00:54:16.048 Mm, so, okay, for that you will say, um, kuʔ-, kuʔ-, I mean you... Transcription 00:54:16.048 00:54:18.335 You don't have to use duə̯ɡ in that sentence, you can... Transcription 00:54:18.335 00:54:21.623 kuʔ təkaran daʔ iʔ Transcription 00:54:21.623 00:54:27.710 Or kuʔ duə̯ɡ təkaran, no, you cannot say duə̯ɡ təkaran, for some reason. Transcription 00:54:27.710 00:54:29.523 kuʔ təkaran daʔ iʔ Transcription 00:54:29.523 00:54:33.123 Yeah. Transcription 00:54:33.123 00:54:36.010 kuʔ təkaran daʔ iʔ Transcription 00:54:36.010 00:54:41.485 kuʔ təkaran daʔ iʔ? Okay. Transcription 00:54:41.485 00:54:49.560 And that's more like, I'm, I'm super scared, because of him, almost, is what that means? Transcription 00:54:49.560 00:54:53.360 Yeah. Transcription 00:54:53.360 00:54:57.198 Maybe terrified is a good translation of təkaran. Transcription 00:54:57.198 00:55:13.985 Yeah, can use that. Transcription 00:55:13.985 00:55:39.548 Okay. Transcription 00:55:39.548 00:55:50.048 Let's just do one more, and then that'll be enough. So, what's the word for vomit? Transcription 00:55:50.048 00:55:51.285 Vomit? Um... Transcription 00:55:51.285 00:55:52.510 ŋətaʔ Transcription 00:55:52.510 00:55:53.535 ŋətaʔ Transcription 00:55:53.535 00:55:58.098 ŋətaʔ, n, g, e, t, a, k Transcription 00:55:58.098 00:55:59.260 ŋətaʔ Transcription 00:55:59.260 00:56:02.335 So is ŋətaʔ a verb? Transcription 00:56:02.335 00:56:03.623 Yeah. Transcription 00:56:03.623 00:56:08.073 Uh, a verb, yeah, so the word, oh, you mean like vomit, the noun? Transcription 00:56:08.073 00:56:12.760 Yeah, like, look out, there's vomit on the floor! Transcription 00:56:12.760 00:56:15.948 Ah that, I think it's... Transcription 00:56:15.948 00:56:16.610 taʔ Transcription 00:56:16.610 00:56:17.223 taʔ? Transcription 00:56:17.223 00:56:23.323 taʔ, taʔ Transcription 00:56:23.323 00:56:30.673 Yeah, um okay, so I'm fairly certain that taʔ is the noun form of that. Transcription 00:56:30.673 00:56:41.898 Yeah, yeah, but I think people will like, especially the younger ones, they like to use, put ŋətaʔ in front of it, even though that's, so, grammatically wrong, but... Transcription 00:56:41.898 00:56:45.535 I think because they don't want to confuse it with the word, the other... Transcription 00:56:45.535 00:56:46.223 taʔ Transcription 00:56:46.223 00:56:54.873 So mətaʔ mean raw, like raw fruit or meat, yeah, so mətaʔ Transcription 00:56:54.873 00:57:14.260 So, and when they want to mean something that is raw, they say taʔ, and because yeah you know Bidayuh like to like shorten their words, so taʔ, they, to avoid confusion with the vomit, and yeah, they'll say... Transcription 00:57:14.260 00:57:14.735 ŋətaʔ Transcription 00:57:14.735 00:57:19.873 but... taʔ is the word for vomit as a noun. Transcription 00:57:19.873 00:57:30.673 Okay. Transcription 00:57:30.673 00:57:37.123 So you could say something like, yoh ŋətaʔ, he vomitted, or he's vomitting? Transcription 00:57:37.123 00:57:38.223 Mm, yeah. Transcription 00:57:38.223 00:57:40.023 yoh ŋətaʔ? Transcription 00:57:40.023 00:57:59.823 And... I could say something like, um, u daʔ kuʔ ŋətaʔ, you made me vomit? I don't know why hhh But is that an okay sentence? Transcription 00:57:59.823 00:58:00.823 Yes, yes. Transcription 00:58:00.823 00:58:10.273 Okay. u daʔ... Transcription 00:58:10.273 00:58:19.123 I mean that's a, that's a pretty rough thing to say to somebody, but, okay. Transcription 00:58:19.123 00:58:27.648 Okay, interesting. Transcription 00:58:27.648 00:58:30.848 What's the word for saliva? Transcription 00:58:30.848 00:58:32.148 riaŋ Transcription 00:58:32.148 00:58:32.960 riaŋ? Transcription 00:58:32.960 00:58:41.560 Yeah, riaŋ, r, i, a, n, g, riaŋ. Transcription 00:58:41.560 00:58:45.710 What's the word for, to spit? Transcription 00:58:45.710 00:58:47.048 nərujaʔ Transcription 00:58:47.048 00:58:48.860 [ŋərujaʔ]? Transcription 00:58:48.860 00:58:57.810 n- ru- nəruj- nərujaʔ, nərujaʔ, wait, okay, so, hm, riaŋ... Transcription 00:58:57.810 00:59:09.610 nərujaʔ, okay so, yeah, because nəru-, I think it's nərujaʔ, like, n, e, r, u, j, a, k, nərujaʔ Transcription 00:59:09.610 00:59:16.573 So the word rujaʔ means spit, but riang means saliva, I guess. Transcription 00:59:16.573 00:59:18.510 Inside the mouth, mhm? Transcription 00:59:18.510 00:59:29.435 Yeah, like, even if it's not inside the mouth, I think when you spit it out, that's when you use rujaʔ. Transcription 00:59:29.435 00:59:36.210 So, I've heard like when babies eat, like, then their mother will say, oh riaŋ məruah, your saliva is out, like... Transcription 00:59:36.210 00:59:38.473 Aha, aha, mhm. Transcription 00:59:38.473 00:59:42.035 Yeah, but spitting is different, yeah. Transcription 00:59:42.035 00:59:47.610 Okay, so, so, if you say [tərujaʔ], that refers to the spit that you spit out? Transcription 00:59:47.610 00:59:50.360 Yeah, rujaʔ is spit, yeah. Transcription 00:59:50.360 00:59:53.023 Oh, you can say rujaʔ, by itself? Transcription 00:59:53.023 01:00:00.298 Yeah, rujaʔ is the, the noun, yeah, and nərujaʔ is to spit, yeah. Transcription 01:00:00.298 01:00:04.710 What about the word tərujaʔ, was that a word? tərujaʔ? Transcription 01:00:04.710 01:00:06.010 Mm, no, no. Transcription 01:00:06.010 01:00:07.523 No? Okay, alright. Transcription 01:00:07.523 01:00:09.048 Is [nə-], [nə-], nərujaʔ. Transcription 01:00:09.048 01:00:17.223 [nə-], okay okay. Transcription 01:00:17.223 01:00:29.623 Okay, I think, I think we'll stop there. I'm interested in these, like, noun-verb pairs and adjective-verb pairs and stuff like that, so like.