New vocab on flex? Yes but need to check definitions of “cau” “gauna” and “vesu” (see bottom of notes) 
Next time 
Use SIL kinship graph https://software.sil.org/silkin/ or Gary’s kinship diagram get ELAN 5.8 
Plan 
1. Continue transcribing Family Problems narrative (after 6:59), including filling in any translation gaps 
2. Kinship term stuff 
a. Building off of 2/23, can “momo” refer to your biological father? No, would be very rude 
b. How do you call your father’s sisters? nei 
i. Also for your mother’s female cousins 
c. Nieces and nephews? 
i. Call them by their names 
d. Sisilia’s nephews/nieces call Sisilia “big mother” (has to do with her status in the family rather than Sisilia’s age compared to her sister, may have to do with the origin of the Sisilia’s name from chiefs because she is named after her aunt who is/was married to a chief) 
i. Big mother = na levu 
ii. Sisilia said “nana levu” in class 3/24, and “nana + name” 
iii. To call someone mother: na + name, e.g. na Shirley 
e. Big father = tata levu 
f. Always one person in family/tribe is big father or big mother 
g. Sometimes relatives approach expecting parents and ask the child to be named after them to continue passing on the name 
h. Seru also has the name Ratu (means king/queen, refers to the chief) i. Sisilia has 5 names after her relatives 
i. one name after her grandmother (use in mother’s village) 
ii. first name after her aunty 
3. Spatial language -- this could be done by working with Sisilia to draw a map of her village and then asking about how to go between various places, e.g., from a house to the beach, from one house to the other, from the garden to the house, etc. 4. Time expression 
5. Numerals (cardinal, ordinal, fractions, counting, etc.) 
6. Deictics 
7. Wh-questions 
a. Check for movement vs. in-situ 
i. ‘You will meet my family.’ 
Ixo na so’a va’a oku vuvale 
Ixo na so’ava oku vuvale (also okay)
So’a = meet 
Va’a = with; prep 
Oku = my 
ii. ‘Who will you meet?’ 
O cei o ixo na so’ava 
O cei = who 
iii. ‘Your father is hunting pigs’ O amamu e lai ‘obo vuaxa segasega 
*O amamu e lai ‘oboxa 
*Your father is hunting (something) → “It’s incomplete” 
O amamu e lai vasasaga 
‘Obo = catching/to hunt 
Segasega = wild 
Vasasaga = 
iv. ‘What is your father hunting?’ O cei o amamu e lai ‘oboxa 
*O cei o amamu e lai ‘obo? 
v. ‘You washed his car’ 
Ixo sava’a ‘ona mo’oxa 
vi. ‘Which car did you wash?’ 
Mo’oxa cava (ix)o sava’a? 
*Ai mo’oxa cava (ix)o sava’a 
A mo’oxa cava (ix)o sava’a 
Cava = which 
I read the book 
Au wilixa ai vola 
(Greg) *Au wili ‘ixo 
(Sisilia correction) Au wili vola ‘ixo
‘Which book did you read?’ 
Ai vola cava o wilixa? 
A vola cava (ix)o wilixa? = okay 
Vola = book 
vii. ‘Whose book did you buy?’ 
viii. ‘He went home.’ 
ix. ‘Where did he go?’ 
b. Check for acceptability of multiple wh-word constructions 
i. ‘Who ate what?’ 
ii. ‘Who went where?’ 
c. Check for floated quantifier 
i. ‘Will they read this book?’ 
ii. Will they all read this book?’ 
iii. ‘Which book will they read?’ 
iv. ‘Which book will they all read?’ 
d. Check for relative clauses with wh-words if time 
Notes 
Family Problems Narrative 
(7:00) 
‘Alanoa ‘axina o xea xa aucovo a xa e yaco vei xea e na gauna e cau vesu ‘u xina He is telling the story about what all happened to him when he was in prison 
Auxoco = all together (all the events of the past) 
(7:04) 
Xa ma yaco sa mai vaxasama axina ‘u 
Thinking about what had happened 
(7:09) 
Dro’ou so mai caxa bexa ona bulubulu 
He came to them to repent 
Bulubulu = apologize (traditional); repent (unrelated but can also refer to a grave/graveyard) Bexa = maybe
(7:12) 
Dro’ou sa mai veilomani viro 
They are now (re)united 
Veilomani = unite; love; come together (“like aloha in the sense that this word can have many meanings) 
Viro = again 
(7:16) 
Sa marau o xea ni sa lesu viro na ona ma’a vuvale 
He is happy that he is now returned to his family 
ma’a = emphasizes that particular group (possessor?) 
Vuvale = family 
(7:19) 
Xa ono dro’ou laxo ‘ixo va veiamani 
The sixth picture, the father and son/daughter (either one) are walking Veiamani = father and son/daughter 
(7:24) 
Amu macala dro’ou laxo ‘ixo i vei 
Don’t know where they’re going 
Amu = neg 
Macala = know(ing) 
(7:27) 
Druxa laxo ‘ixo axosovi druxa mai ona lala 
They were walking, and his friends approached them 
Axosovi = cut into someone (interrupt/approach someone suddenly) 
Lala = friend(s) 
(7:30) 
Dro’ou gunu yakona ni vavalagi ‘ixo 
They are drinking alcohol 
(7:34) 
Dro’ou sure’i xea dro’ou xacivi xea 
They invite him; they called him
Sure’i = invite 
(7:36) 
E sa vamaga o xea 
He doesn’t want to (drink) any longer He doesn’t want to (be drinking anymore) 
Vamaga = no longer (want to)