Plan 
● Acoustic elitiation led by Shirley 
● Wh-question stuff from last time 
● Spatial language continuation 
Acoustic 
Bua: 
"I said _____ ", == "Au avola ____ " (need pause after ‘avola’ to sound grammatical and natural) 
Au avola 'dredre' = I said 'laugh' [2 syllable target word] 
Au avola 'axari' = I said 'window' [3 syllable word] 
Au avola 'sigele’i' = I said 'tank top' [4 syllable word] 
Au avola 'va’ovo’ovo' = I said 'gossip' [5 syllable word] 
Au avola 'axari' = 
Au avola 'va’ovo’ovo' = 
Au avola 'dredre' = 
Au avola 'sigele’i' = 
Au avola 'va’ovo’ovo' = 
Au avola 'sigele’i' = 
Au avola 'axari' = 
Au avola 'dredre' = 
Au avola 'sigele’i' = 
Au avola 'dredre' = 
Au avola 'va’ovo’ovo' 
Au avola 'axari' = I 
Then after a break, Standard Fijian: 
“I said ___ “ = Au tukuna ___ . 
dredre = laugh, takari lekaleka = window, magiti = food, vatovotovo = gossip ? lekaleka = short, takari = door 
sigeleti = tank top
Au tukuna ‘dredre.’ 
Au tukuna ‘magiti’ 
Au tukuna ‘sigeleti.’ 
Au tukuna ‘vatovotovo’ 
Au tukuna ‘magiti’ 
Au tukuna ‘vatovotovo’ 
Au tukuna ‘dredre.’ 
Au tukuna ‘sigeleti.’ 
Au tukuna ‘sigeleti.’ 
Au tukuna ‘vatovotovo’ 
Au tukuna ‘magiti’ 
Au tukuna ‘dredre.’ 
Au tukuna ‘vatovotovo’ 
Au tukuna ‘dredre.’ 
Au tukuna ‘sigeleti.’ 
Au tukuna ‘magiti’ 
Wh 
Check for acceptability of multiple wh-word constructions 
i. ‘Who ate what?’ 
Bua: O cei ma xania a cava? (clear rising intonation) 
O cei = who; a cava = what 
*A cava ma xania o cei? 
?A cava, o cei, e/ma xania? (rising intonation and pause after each wh-word) 
‘?What did who eat?’ 
ii. ‘Who went where?’ 
Bua: O cei, laxo ivei? 
(Class 4/21) 
Bua: laxo ivei? 
Go where? / ‘Where are you going?’ 
*Ivei laxo? 
(Example from sketch (94))
Ivei a vale? 
Where is the house? 
A vale ivei? 
*Where is the house? 
‘Which of the house?’ / ‘which is the house (out of all the houses)?’ 
Ixo’ixo ivei? 
‘Where do you live?’ 
*ivei ixo’ixo? 
Floated quantifier 
iii. ‘Will they read this book?’ 
Bua: Ira na wilixa/wilixi (both okay; Sisilia said 1st) ai vola koi? 
Wilixi = just read 
Wilixa = read (object) 
iv. Will they all read this book?’ 
O ira na wilixa ai vola koi? 
O ira aucoxo wilixa ai vola koi? 
Aucoxo = the whole lot of them; all 
v. ‘Which book will they read?’ 
Aivola cava era na wilixa? 
vi. *‘Which book will they all read?’ → Which all books did they read? (does this mean “which books did they read all of?”) 
Aivola cava aucoxo era na wilixa? 
NOTE: Aucoxo refers to books, not they! 
Aivola cava o ira wilixa? (no aucoxo) 
= Which books did they all read? 
Aivola cava o ira aucoxo wilixa? 
= Which books did they all read? 
Quantifiers in English = all, both, 
(From Dixon pg. 170; check for similar pattern in Bua)
(16.9) 
O aa rai-ci cei 
‘Who did you see?’ 
Bua: O tivi cei? / *O tiva cei? 
Attempt: O ma raici cei? 
(16.10 fronting of wh) 
O cei o aa rai-ca? 
‘Who did you see?’ 
Bua: O cei o tiva? / *O cei o tivi? 
Attempt: O cei o ma raica? 
*Note: 16.9 = tivi, 16.10 = tiva 
O tivi cei? 
O cei o tiva? 
= Who did you see? 
Asking ‘how long’ and ‘how far’ 
(Dixon p. 169) 
A cava a dedee ni omu ti’o mai Suva? 
‘What was the duration of your staying in Suva?’ ‘How long did you stay in Suva?’ Bua: Ma cava a tetē ni omu ‘ixo mai Suva 
Tetē = duration, length 
A cava a yawa ni we-tatou taubale yai 
‘What is the length of this walk of ours?’ 
Bua: Ma cava a yawa ni oto’ou ‘aubale? 
(4/21) Ma cava balavu ni oto’ou ‘aubale? 
*A cava a yawa ni oto’ou ‘aubale? (not as natural as ma) 
‘What is the distance of our walk? 
Balavu = length/how long (first word comes to mind, more so than yawa) (also used in SF) Yawa = length 
Oto’u = our 
Xeito’ou = our 
Ma cava a yawa ni xeito’ou ‘aubale? (same as oto’ou) 
Spatial language:
  

Last time (4/13) left off at: O ixo mo kiria a lali ni sa volexa wane na vanua na xele xina a basi You must ring the bell when you get closer to the place (the bus stop) 
4/21 in class: Sisilia said people don’t use cardinal directions much in giving directions 
4/20: 
Ixo na sobu na ganisala o McGregor [magrega:] Road. 
You will get off at McGregor Road 
Sa xai aubale xina ganisala Denison Road 
Then you walk to Denison Road 
Sa xai ‘arava na ligamu mawi mo curu xina Clarke Street 
On your next left you enter into Clarke St 
‘Arava = the next 
Ligamu = your hand 
Mawi = left 
Curu = enter (into) 
Naba inixatuga naba ni vale au na sa waraxi(*wara) ixo ’ixo 
Number 11 is the number of my house, I will be waiting for you (there)
waraxi = waiting (*wara would be the language used in another province, meaning ‘no’) I will be waiting = Au na wawa ‘ixo ; Au na waraxi ‘ixo 
I will be waiting for him = Au na waraxi xea. 
E vs mai 
The book is in the university (Sara is in the uni) uses ‘mai’? 
Sara: “Sa ‘ixo mai na university ai vola” 
Sara: “Ai vola ‘ixo na university” (more natural) 
Sara: “Ai vola ‘ixo mai na university” (also ok, Sara is not in the vicinity of the university at all) Sara: Ai vola ‘ixo e na university (also ok, Sara could be at uni or somewhere other than the university, but she checked that the book is at the uni) 
The book is in the uni (Sara is at home) uses ‘e’? 
Sara: Sa ‘ixo e na university ai vola 
Sara: Ai vola e ‘ixo na university (more natural)