Transcription 00:00:00.000 00:00:01.775 Transcription 00:00:01.775 00:00:08.600 Okay, cool, okay, so you've given me the word for run before. What was it again, to run? Transcription 00:00:08.600 00:00:09.988 bəkəduh Transcription 00:00:09.988 00:00:11.350 bəkəduh, okay, yup. Transcription 00:00:11.350 00:00:15.788 And what if I wanted to say, uh, we ran through the forest? Transcription 00:00:15.788 00:00:19.400 iə̯h bəkəduh... Transcription 00:00:19.400 00:00:24.950 Through the forest? Um... Transcription 00:00:24.950 00:00:26.800 I think, um, I would say... Transcription 00:00:26.800 00:00:28.950 iə̯h bəkəduh diaŋ tərun Transcription 00:00:28.950 00:00:30.450 iə̯h bəkəduh diaŋ tərun Transcription 00:00:30.450 00:00:33.325 Like that, diaŋ means inside the forest. Transcription 00:00:33.325 00:00:33.950 Okay. Transcription 00:00:33.950 00:00:35.113 diaŋ, yeah. Transcription 00:00:35.113 00:00:43.538 Okay, and that would be like, if you started at one end of the forest and made it all the way through to the end? Transcription 00:00:43.538 00:00:50.788 I think it's a bit more general, um, through... Transcription 00:00:50.788 00:00:55.600 I think if I wanted to convey that we went through, I would say that... Transcription 00:00:55.600 00:00:58.338 iə̯h bəkəduh məron tərun Transcription 00:00:58.338 00:01:02.600 Then, uh, then I will say that, we... Transcription 00:01:02.600 00:01:03.413 ruah tərun Transcription 00:01:03.413 00:01:05.675 So, get out of the forest. Transcription 00:01:05.675 00:01:06.463 Oh, okay. Transcription 00:01:06.463 00:01:07.513 Yeah. Transcription 00:01:07.513 00:01:11.238 So, can you say that once more for me? Transcription 00:01:11.238 00:01:15.875 iə̯h bəkəduh kə diaŋ tərun kə mənoʔ iə̯h ruah Transcription 00:01:15.875 00:01:16.613 %ignore% Transcription 00:01:16.613 00:01:18.800 Usually that's the sentence, yeah. Transcription 00:01:18.800 00:01:20.050 Yeah. Transcription 00:01:20.050 00:01:25.650 Okay, uh, iə̯h bəkəduh kə diaŋ tərun, and what was the end? Transcription 00:01:25.650 00:01:28.188 Um... Transcription 00:01:28.188 00:01:31.775 mboh anoʔ, ah, mboh anoʔ, mboh anoʔ Transcription 00:01:31.775 00:01:33.250 mboh anoʔ Transcription 00:01:33.250 00:01:37.450 iə̯h ruah Transcription 00:01:37.450 00:01:41.150 Uh, and what does that mean, mboh anoʔ iə̯h ruah? Transcription 00:01:41.150 00:01:44.538 It means like, and after that, we went out. Transcription 00:01:44.538 00:01:48.163 Oh, okay, so, after that we left, okay. Transcription 00:01:48.163 00:01:51.488 So we were running in the forest, and then we left, basically? Transcription 00:01:51.488 00:01:52.200 Yes. Transcription 00:01:52.200 00:02:03.938 Okay. Transcription 00:02:03.938 00:02:06.000 Okay. Transcription 00:02:06.000 00:02:12.838 Um, and what if I wanted to say, we ran with our dog in the forest? Transcription 00:02:12.838 00:02:17.838 iə̯h bəkəduh diaŋ tərun ayuə̯h kəsuə̯ŋ iə̯h Transcription 00:02:17.838 00:02:19.775 iə̯h bəkəduh... Transcription 00:02:19.775 00:02:37.238 diaŋ tərun ayuə̯h kəsuə̯ŋ iə̯h Transcription 00:02:37.238 00:02:43.300 Okay. Transcription 00:02:43.300 00:02:45.450 And what's the word for dog? Transcription 00:02:45.450 00:02:46.350 kəsuə̯ŋ Transcription 00:02:46.350 00:02:51.500 That's kəsuə̯ŋ? / I'm not sure how to spell it, but it's probably k, e, s, u, e, n, g, or... Transcription 00:02:51.500 00:02:55.225 a, maybe, [kəsuaŋ, kəsuaŋ], something along that line, yeah. Transcription 00:02:55.225 00:02:58.575 Yeah, [kəsuaŋ], okay. Transcription 00:02:58.575 00:03:04.675 Now, could I say, iə̯h bəkəduh ayuə̯h kəsuə̯ŋ iə̯h diaŋ tərun Transcription 00:03:04.675 00:03:07.200 iə̯h bəkəduh ayuə̯h kəsuə̯ŋ iə̯h diaŋ tərun Transcription 00:03:07.200 00:03:07.825 Yes. Transcription 00:03:07.825 00:03:11.775 That's okay? And does that, it means the same thing? Transcription 00:03:11.775 00:03:12.388 Yeah. Transcription 00:03:12.388 00:03:16.625 Okay, excellent. Transcription 00:03:16.625 00:03:24.075 I think it's just that the focus is now more on the dog, like yeah, bring the dog running through the forest. Transcription 00:03:24.075 00:03:28.738 Instead, the first one is more like, I am running in the forest with my dog. Transcription 00:03:28.738 00:03:37.038 Okay, okay, yeah. Transcription 00:03:37.038 00:03:41.325 Could I say, another option, but maybe it'll work... Transcription 00:03:41.325 00:03:46.825 ayuə̯h kəsuə̯ŋ iə̯h iə̯h [pəgəduh] diaŋ tərun? Transcription 00:03:46.825 00:03:50.763 iə̯h bəkəduh diaŋ tərun... Transcription 00:03:50.763 00:03:52.525 ayuə̯h kəsuə̯ŋ iə̯h bəkəduh diaŋ tərun Transcription 00:03:52.525 00:03:54.513 ayuə̯h kəsuə̯ŋ iə̯h bəkəduh diaŋ tərun Transcription 00:03:54.513 00:03:57.213 This sounds more like a response to a question. Transcription 00:03:57.213 00:03:57.863 Okay. Transcription 00:03:57.863 00:04:01.825 Yeah, yeah, like, who did you, yeah, what did you run with? Transcription 00:04:01.825 00:04:06.875 What did you- yeah! Like, oh who are you running with, ah, it is kind of weird, would you say what are you running with, or who? Transcription 00:04:06.875 00:04:12.550 'Cause like, the d- you don't wanna say what are you running with, but who implies a person hhhh Transcription 00:04:12.550 00:04:13.413 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:04:13.413 00:04:26.138 Okay, so this would be an answer to a question, okay. Transcription 00:04:26.138 00:04:34.188 Okay, cool, um, how would I say, uh, to give birth? What's the word to say that? Transcription 00:04:34.188 00:04:35.488 I think it's bəranak Transcription 00:04:35.488 00:04:36.238 bəranak Transcription 00:04:36.238 00:04:37.475 bəranak? Transcription 00:04:37.475 00:04:39.725 Yes. Transcription 00:04:39.725 00:04:49.713 I think it's like the Malay word , but shorter, like, b, r, a, n, a, k. Transcription 00:04:49.713 00:04:54.663 Yeah, okay, like, basically, like plus hhh Transcription 00:04:54.663 00:04:55.313 Yeah. Transcription 00:04:55.313 00:04:58.063 hhh yeah, okay. Transcription 00:04:58.063 00:05:05.050 And how would I say, a baby was born here the other day? Transcription 00:05:05.050 00:05:12.700 giʔ pirak duə̯g bəranak ndu anoʔ Transcription 00:05:12.700 00:05:21.600 giʔ pirak, [piraʔ] duə̯g bəranak ndu anoʔ Transcription 00:05:21.600 00:05:24.738 Wait, did you say here? There's a baby born here? Transcription 00:05:24.738 00:05:25.675 Mhm. Transcription 00:05:25.675 00:05:42.600 giʔ piraʔ duə̯g bəranak di ti ndu anoʔ Transcription 00:05:42.600 00:05:46.363 And what if I wanted to say, uh, my friend is pregnant? Transcription 00:05:46.363 00:05:48.025 My friend is pregnant. Transcription 00:05:48.025 00:05:51.388 dəŋan kuʔ bətiə̯ʔ Transcription 00:05:51.388 00:05:55.825 dəŋan kuʔ bətiə̯ʔ Transcription 00:05:55.825 00:05:58.838 I think that's like, b, e, t, i, e, k, bətiə̯ʔ. Transcription 00:05:58.838 00:06:02.688 bətiə̯ʔ, bətiə̯ʔ Transcription 00:06:02.688 00:06:08.975 Okay, and what about if I wanted to say, my friend recently gave birth? Transcription 00:06:08.975 00:06:10.813 dəŋan kuʔ məran bəranak Transcription 00:06:10.813 00:06:11.875 məran Transcription 00:06:11.875 00:06:13.988 dəŋan kuʔ məran bəranak Transcription 00:06:13.988 00:06:16.738 Um. Transcription 00:06:16.738 00:06:19.100 Is məran, like, recently? Transcription 00:06:19.100 00:06:21.750 Yeah, it's like, yeah, just. Transcription 00:06:21.750 00:06:35.325 Just? Mhm. Transcription 00:06:35.325 00:06:43.063 Um, and what if I wanted to say, my friend gave birth to a boy? Transcription 00:06:43.063 00:06:46.413 dəŋan kuʔ bəranak nak dari Transcription 00:06:46.413 00:06:53.013 dəŋan kuʔ bəranak nak dari Transcription 00:06:53.013 00:06:54.513 [tari]? Transcription 00:06:54.513 00:06:56.738 Yeah, dari, d, a, r, i, dari. Transcription 00:06:56.738 00:07:06.313 [tari], okay, nak [tari]. Transcription 00:07:06.313 00:07:07.863 You can use piraʔ too, like... Transcription 00:07:07.863 00:07:10.508 dəŋan kuʔ bəranak piraʔ dari Transcription 00:07:10.508 00:07:19.300 Yeah, but somehow, I feel like the word for baby, piraʔ, has not been used as widely now. Transcription 00:07:19.300 00:07:20.150 Mm. Transcription 00:07:20.150 00:07:23.950 People just use nak, which means like, child. Transcription 00:07:23.950 00:07:29.050 Yeah, so instead of using a specific term for baby, you just, like, use child all the time? Transcription 00:07:29.050 00:07:29.950 Mm, yeah. Transcription 00:07:29.950 00:07:33.962 Okay, okay, yeah, [pirak], okay Transcription 00:07:33.962 00:07:38.675 So you could say dəŋan kuʔ bəranak [piraʔ]? Transcription 00:07:38.675 00:07:39.587 Yeah, [piraʔ]. Transcription 00:07:39.587 00:07:40.162 piraʔ dari Transcription 00:07:40.162 00:07:42.537 The here is the... Transcription 00:07:42.537 00:07:43.700 The glottal stop? Transcription 00:07:43.700 00:07:45.087 No, the normal one. Transcription 00:07:45.087 00:07:46.237 Oh, it's the normal one? Transcription 00:07:46.237 00:07:46.750 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:07:46.750 00:07:47.212 Okay. Transcription 00:07:47.212 00:07:51.812 Because, yeah, I feel like I have to tell the difference because sometimes it means different things. Transcription 00:07:51.812 00:07:55.775 Like [kataʔ] and [katak] means different things. Transcription 00:07:55.775 00:07:59.625 Is, uh, katak, that's an animal, right? Transcription 00:07:59.625 00:08:08.512 Yeah, [katak], yeah [katak] is, [katak, katak] with the glottal is frog in my language. Transcription 00:08:08.512 00:08:14.262 But then [kataʔ] with the open , it means to break, like, to snap something. Transcription 00:08:14.262 00:08:16.112 Mm, okay. Transcription 00:08:16.112 00:08:18.750 h Transcription 00:08:18.750 00:08:25.650 Yes, I have actually noticed in the past that you gave me two words where the difference was a and a glottal stop. Transcription 00:08:25.650 00:08:28.512 But it was two different words, and I was like, uh-oh hhhh Transcription 00:08:28.512 00:08:34.400 I hope I can always hear the difference, I think these headphones are helping, though! Transcription 00:08:34.400 00:08:43.875 Okay, okay, um... Transcription 00:08:43.875 00:08:47.575 Uh, how would you say, to lay an egg? Like a chicken who lays an egg? Transcription 00:08:47.575 00:08:49.912 Lay an egg? Transcription 00:08:49.912 00:08:50.450 Um... Transcription 00:08:50.450 00:08:51.737 bəturuə̯h Transcription 00:08:51.737 00:08:53.275 bəturuə̯h Transcription 00:08:53.275 00:08:54.300 bəturuə̯h Transcription 00:08:54.300 00:08:56.137 bəturuə̯h Transcription 00:08:56.137 00:08:59.050 And is that the word for egg, the turuə̯h? Transcription 00:08:59.050 00:09:01.125 Yeah, yeah, that's the word for egg. Transcription 00:09:01.125 00:09:06.450 I spell it t, u, r, u, e, h, but then my sister told me that I spell it wrong. Transcription 00:09:06.450 00:09:07.675 Oh no! / She said that it's... Transcription 00:09:07.675 00:09:10.250 ... it's spelled with an , like [turuah] Transcription 00:09:10.250 00:09:12.825 But for me it doesn't sound like an . Transcription 00:09:12.825 00:09:18.075 Yeah, that's funny because before you spelled it for me I spelled it with an , and then you're like, oh it's spelled with an , and I was like... Transcription 00:09:18.075 00:09:21.587 And I changed it, then you're like, but she spells it with an , and I'm like, oh! hhhhh Transcription 00:09:21.587 00:09:23.325 Yeah, it's like [bəturuah], yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:09:23.325 00:09:24.550 bəturuə̯h? Transcription 00:09:24.550 00:09:31.375 Okay, okay, uh, and how would I say, his chicken laid eggs? Transcription 00:09:31.375 00:09:33.200 Chicken, his chicken? siap- Transcription 00:09:33.200 00:09:35.750 siap iʔ bəturuə̯h Transcription 00:09:35.750 00:09:41.375 bəturuə̯h Transcription 00:09:41.375 00:09:46.262 Okay, okay, what about the word for happy? Transcription 00:09:46.262 00:09:52.762 Happy? Happy? Transcription 00:09:52.762 00:09:55.225 Um, okay, so, so sənaŋ tin Transcription 00:09:55.225 00:09:56.975 sənaŋ tin Transcription 00:09:56.975 00:09:58.400 sənaŋ tin Transcription 00:09:58.400 00:09:59.750 sənaŋ tin? Transcription 00:09:59.750 00:10:01.850 Yeah, t, i, n, yeah, sənaŋ tin. Transcription 00:10:01.850 00:10:04.712 sənaŋ tin, okay, okay. Transcription 00:10:04.712 00:10:08.562 It means, like, glad or happy. Transcription 00:10:08.562 00:10:18.862 tin means, tin means um, wait, so, the conceptual idea is like heart, glad heart. Transcription 00:10:18.862 00:10:26.450 Or easy heart, but tin means, literally, liver, liver. Transcription 00:10:26.450 00:10:29.350 Because I, because in like, I think in South Asian... Transcription 00:10:29.350 00:10:29.962 Aha? Transcription 00:10:29.962 00:10:32.512 Some countries, emotion comes from the liver. Transcription 00:10:32.512 00:10:34.600 Yeah, okay, okay. Transcription 00:10:34.600 00:10:35.462 Okay. Transcription 00:10:35.462 00:10:44.562 Oh, yeah, oh yeah! Because I always mix up the words for liver and heart when I'm speaking, like, Indonesian or Melayu, 'cause I'm like, wait, this... Transcription 00:10:44.562 00:10:45.562 Hati, right? Yeah. Transcription 00:10:45.562 00:10:50.975 Yeah! hh I'm like, they seem opposite of what I want it to be! Yeah, okay, that's so interesting! Transcription 00:10:50.975 00:10:55.625 So is it, it's almost like you're saying, happy liver? Transcription 00:10:55.625 00:10:57.550 Yeah, happy liver, yeah. Transcription 00:10:57.550 00:10:58.587 Clever. Transcription 00:10:58.587 00:11:00.900 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:11:00.900 00:11:05.300 So if I wanted to say, I'm happy, I would just say, kuʔ sənaŋ tin? Transcription 00:11:05.300 00:11:11.000 Yes, exactly, yeah. Transcription 00:11:11.000 00:11:16.800 And what if I wanted to say, I am most happy when I'm with my friends? Transcription 00:11:16.800 00:11:19.900 Mm... Transcription 00:11:19.900 00:11:23.187 Most? I think, like, I think you'll use the word Transcription 00:11:23.187 00:11:23.775 pariŋ Transcription 00:11:23.775 00:11:24.275 pariŋ Transcription 00:11:24.275 00:11:25.125 pariŋ? Transcription 00:11:25.125 00:11:26.825 Yeah. Transcription 00:11:26.825 00:11:30.125 kuʔ pariŋ sənaŋ tin ayuə̯h dəŋan kuʔ Transcription 00:11:30.125 00:11:41.125 kuʔ pariŋ sənaŋ tin ayuə̯h dəŋan kuʔ Transcription 00:11:41.125 00:11:45.550 Mm, okay, kuʔ pariŋ sənaŋ tin, what came after that? Transcription 00:11:45.550 00:11:48.662 ayuə̯h dəŋan kuʔ, ayuə̯h, yeah. Transcription 00:11:48.662 00:11:52.175 dəŋan kuʔ, okay. Transcription 00:11:52.175 00:11:57.425 And what if I wanted to say, my friends make me happy? Transcription 00:11:57.425 00:12:02.925 dəŋan kuʔ daʔ kuʔ sənaŋ tin Transcription 00:12:02.925 00:12:10.650 dəŋan kuʔ daʔ kuʔ sənaŋ tin Transcription 00:12:10.650 00:12:12.900 [dənaŋ] kuʔ daʔ kuʔ sənaŋ tin Transcription 00:12:12.900 00:12:16.350 Yeah. Transcription 00:12:16.350 00:12:21.675 So, are there any other words that take, like, tin at the end, like liver, or is it just happy? Transcription 00:12:21.675 00:12:25.575 sənaŋ tin, hm... Transcription 00:12:25.575 00:12:30.237 I think, yeah, I think you can say like the opposite of sənaŋ is susah. Transcription 00:12:30.237 00:12:31.112 susah tin Transcription 00:12:31.112 00:12:36.587 Yeah, it means like, anxious or, yeah, worried, yeah. Transcription 00:12:36.587 00:12:41.962 [susaŋ, susa, susa] tin, so anxious or worried. Transcription 00:12:41.962 00:12:44.537 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:12:44.537 00:12:45.575 Or məndam tin Transcription 00:12:45.575 00:12:46.175 məndam tin Transcription 00:12:46.175 00:12:52.487 Means like, um, um, məndam means pain or hurt, so, like məndam tin. Transcription 00:12:52.487 00:12:55.362 Also, one thing that I feel is interesting is... Transcription 00:12:55.362 00:12:56.425 mədut tin Transcription 00:12:56.425 00:13:01.225 Like cold, cold, like cool heart, like, and... Transcription 00:13:01.225 00:13:02.075 ras tin Transcription 00:13:02.075 00:13:03.412 Which means hot heart. Transcription 00:13:03.412 00:13:03.937 Mhm? Transcription 00:13:03.937 00:13:13.487 And I think in the more Western, like the more European languages, to have warmth in their heart is like a good thing and cold heart is the bad thing. Transcription 00:13:13.487 00:13:18.575 It's opposite here, yeah, I think because of the, I think it's because of the temperature and the weather. Transcription 00:13:18.575 00:13:26.200 The cold thing is the good one, yeah, so to have a cool heart is, is to be glad and, like, chill, yeah. Transcription 00:13:26.200 00:13:30.750 Okay, oh wow! That's so interesting. Transcription 00:13:30.750 00:13:37.087 Because when it's opposite like that, it would be really hard if you were coming from a society, like me, where it's bad to be cold-hearted. Transcription 00:13:37.087 00:13:41.675 And somebody was, maybe, trying to compliment me and they're like, you're so cold-hearted! I'd be like, agh! Transcription 00:13:41.675 00:13:44.325 Yeah hhh Transcription 00:13:44.325 00:13:52.712 Well, interesting! Okay, that's very cool. Okay. Transcription 00:13:52.712 00:13:58.912 Um, okay, let's work with one of those. So how would I say, school makes me anxious? Transcription 00:13:58.912 00:13:59.650 Um... Transcription 00:13:59.650 00:14:04.062 skorah daʔ kuʔ susah tin Transcription 00:14:04.062 00:14:04.612 [susa] tin? Transcription 00:14:04.612 00:14:06.837 skorah, yeah. Transcription 00:14:06.837 00:14:09.187 skorah daʔ kuʔ [susa] tin? Transcription 00:14:09.187 00:14:25.787 Yes. Transcription 00:14:25.787 00:14:28.737 Okay, so then, how about, what's the word for sad? Transcription 00:14:28.737 00:14:37.325 Sad, sad, sad... Transcription 00:14:37.325 00:14:44.112 Wait, I don't know, I don't know the word for sad, I think, when um... Transcription 00:14:44.112 00:14:52.950 When we feel sad, we will, I think it becomes, you have to identify why, what is like, I don't know how to explain it, like... Transcription 00:14:52.950 00:15:00.112 So if I am sad because I'm disappointed, then I'll say that məndam tin, my heart hurts. Transcription 00:15:00.112 00:15:01.399 Mm. Transcription 00:15:01.399 00:15:04.149 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:15:04.149 00:15:15.062 Or, if you're sad because you're mad, like you have to, it feels as if you have to identify the reason or the cause for your sadness first, which is such a task, but... Transcription 00:15:15.062 00:15:19.624 Okay, okay, so, uh, the phrase that you just said... Transcription 00:15:19.624 00:15:23.724 m- um, about using [mədam] tin, what was that? Transcription 00:15:23.724 00:15:31.837 Uh, məndam tin is like p-, məndan is pain or hurt, like, so məndam tin, um məndam tin kuʔ Transcription 00:15:31.837 00:15:39.837 For example, like, um, you, h- can you give me an example? Transcription 00:15:39.837 00:15:44.162 Um, let's see... Transcription 00:15:44.162 00:15:54.799 I'd, well, 'cause I'm not quite sure how to use, uh, məndam tin yet, so... You were using it, like, school makes me... Like the, what we were looking for, yeah, man, I don't know. Transcription 00:15:54.799 00:15:59.449 What's a natural context for məndam tin? Transcription 00:15:59.449 00:16:04.612 məndam tin, okay, like maybe, disappointed or, like, or, or... Transcription 00:16:04.612 00:16:14.237 Being betrayed, like okay, you made, okay you, you hurt, you made me sad, or like... Transcription 00:16:14.237 00:16:19.724 u daʔ kuʔ məndam tin Transcription 00:16:19.724 00:16:26.562 u daʔ kuʔ məndam tin Transcription 00:16:26.562 00:16:30.762 You made me sad, so could that also be like, you hurt me? Transcription 00:16:30.762 00:16:40.649 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:16:40.649 00:16:45.274 Uh, could you also use it for, like, you disappointed me? Transcription 00:16:45.274 00:16:52.737 Yeah, it's, it's still, yeah, it's like, quite general, yeah, mndam tin, because it can be because of many things. Transcription 00:16:52.737 00:16:54.224 Okay. Transcription 00:16:54.224 00:17:05.437 So it's almost as if, like, context is going to tell you, like if you say that to me, I'm probably gonna know if you mean like, you made me sad or disappointed because of other context in the sentence. Transcription 00:17:05.437 00:17:09.737 Yeah, I feel like, we don't have the word for sad, specifically. Transcription 00:17:09.737 00:17:16.212 'Cause every time I have to say sad, I will choose another language, like Malay or English. Transcription 00:17:16.212 00:17:21.674 Oh, really? hhhhhhh okay, okay. Transcription 00:17:21.674 00:17:27.699 How would I ask someone if they're disappointed? Like, are you disappointed? How would I say that? Transcription 00:17:27.699 00:17:33.924 Disappointed? h Transcription 00:17:33.924 00:17:40.049 Disappointed, I don't, I don't... susah, susah? Transcription 00:17:40.049 00:17:48.337 It's something along the lines of like, it's close to səsal, like səsal, like that, səsal, səsal hati, but... Transcription 00:17:48.337 00:17:54.287 But I forgot what the Bidayuh word is. Transcription 00:17:54.287 00:17:59.024 Yeah, I, I... səsal? Yeah, I don't remember, sorry. Transcription 00:17:59.024 00:18:06.749 Okay, that's fine! No, sometimes, especially in the moment when you're just being asked to produce it you're like, I don't know what that is! hhhh so... Transcription 00:18:06.749 00:18:11.474 Don't, no, no, no worries! If you think of it later, you can always just be like, oh hey Carly, I thought of that word, but don't worry. Transcription 00:18:11.474 00:18:17.262 Okay, alright. Transcription 00:18:17.262 00:18:19.737 Okay. Transcription 00:18:19.737 00:18:28.662 Um, how would I, what if I wanted to tell someone, you look happy? How would I say that? Transcription 00:18:28.662 00:18:32.374 Mm... you look happy. Transcription 00:18:32.374 00:18:41.324 u, sənaŋ tin gaya iʔ hh uh, like, okay maybe you can say sənaŋ tin... Transcription 00:18:41.324 00:18:43.399 gaya iʔ, gaya iʔ Transcription 00:18:43.399 00:18:47.662 sənaŋ tin gaya iʔ Transcription 00:18:47.662 00:18:50.162 sənaŋ tin [daya eʔ]? Transcription 00:18:50.162 00:18:51.637 Yeah. Transcription 00:18:51.637 00:18:57.037 It means like, um, you, happy, it, you seem. Transcription 00:18:57.037 00:19:03.837 But iʔ here, because iʔ means like, um, i- i- they, it... Transcription 00:19:03.837 00:19:08.149 It's the same, um, it's like... Transcription 00:19:08.149 00:19:16.074 You know how we said last week about, one does not sleep on the highway? This has, like, a general-ness to it, like, yeah. Transcription 00:19:16.074 00:19:16.537 Okay. Transcription 00:19:16.537 00:19:18.999 Someone seems happy today, it's, it's, you know, that kind of... Transcription 00:19:18.999 00:19:22.949 Oh! Okay, okay. Ah, very cool, okay. Transcription 00:19:22.949 00:19:28.649 I like how that came up again hhhhh the general thing. Transcription 00:19:28.649 00:19:35.862 One does not sleep on the highway. Someone looks happy today. Transcription 00:19:35.862 00:19:39.387 Okay. Transcription 00:19:39.387 00:19:47.037 gaya mean like, maybe like the Malay word gaya, it means like, your style, your countenance, your... Transcription 00:19:47.037 00:19:47.587 Mm. Transcription 00:19:47.587 00:19:49.699 Your being, yeah. Transcription 00:19:49.699 00:19:57.699 Happy, it seems you are. Transcription 00:19:57.699 00:20:01.524 Okay. Transcription 00:20:01.524 00:20:10.424 So, then, what if I wanted to ask someone, like, oh, what's making you so happy? Transcription 00:20:10.424 00:20:18.424 Mm, okay, so if I were to ask that, I would preface it by saying that sentence just now, so sənaŋ tin gaya iʔ, then I will say... Transcription 00:20:18.424 00:20:19.174 may noʔ? Transcription 00:20:19.174 00:20:20.674 Why, why's that? may? Transcription 00:20:20.674 00:20:22.787 may noʔ? Transcription 00:20:22.787 00:20:23.862 may, may noʔ? Transcription 00:20:23.862 00:20:44.124 may noʔ, okay. Transcription 00:20:44.124 00:20:49.537 Okay, um, what about the word for rotten? Transcription 00:20:49.537 00:20:50.787 r- run? Transcription 00:20:50.787 00:21:01.212 Rotten, so it's a, this is one that's really hard to hear, I think, over Zoom, uh, like, food that is like past its due date, it's rotten? Transcription 00:21:01.212 00:21:02.837 Oh, oh, oh, m- yeah. Transcription 00:21:02.837 00:21:11.412 It's the glottal stop in the middle there, it's really hard. I guess if you were British it would be ro[tʰ]en, but I don't ever pronounce it that way. Transcription 00:21:11.412 00:21:16.074 Okay, so, for, okay one, okay... Transcription 00:21:16.074 00:21:16.712 mədam Transcription 00:21:16.712 00:21:23.949 Wait, mədam means rotten, like anything can be rotten, but for f-... Transcription 00:21:23.949 00:21:26.337 There's a difference, like one is... Transcription 00:21:26.337 00:21:26.937 bəŋos Transcription 00:21:26.937 00:21:29.062 bəŋos means, like, stale. Transcription 00:21:29.062 00:21:30.224 Mm. Transcription 00:21:30.224 00:21:35.924 And mədam, mədam which means, like, rot. Transcription 00:21:35.924 00:21:46.974 But bəŋos, it's different from mədam in where it, how... I'm not so sure. Okay, so rice can be bəŋos. Transcription 00:21:46.974 00:21:49.312 But meat will be mədam. Transcription 00:21:49.312 00:21:53.662 mədam, okay, yeah, okay, sure, yeah, that makes sense to me. Transcription 00:21:53.662 00:21:59.512 Yeah, I think the stale-rotten is a good distinction, because I wouldn't describe meat as stale. Transcription 00:21:59.512 00:22:08.712 But I might, I don't know if I would describe it as rotten, I feel like in English, rotten is exclusively, like, fruits and vegetables, I guess? Transcription 00:22:08.712 00:22:16.687 Tryna think if anything else rots. Yeah, this is a great discussion of thinking about what can be rotten! hhhhh Transcription 00:22:16.687 00:22:22.237 Okay, so, what if I wanted to talk about durian? Would I use [bədam] or [bənos]? Transcription 00:22:22.237 00:22:27.936 Durian anoʔ mboh... mədam, yeah, fruit will go mədam, yeah. Transcription 00:22:27.936 00:22:34.186 Okay, so, uh, can I have that whole, like, a whole sentence, like, uh, that durian is rotten? Transcription 00:22:34.186 00:22:34.861 Okay. Transcription 00:22:34.861 00:22:37.311 diə̯n anoʔ mboh mədam Transcription 00:22:37.311 00:22:51.274 diə̯n, diə̯- I think , this time, diə̯n anoʔ mboh mədam Transcription 00:22:51.274 00:22:53.649 Okay, so, diə̯n anoʔ...? Transcription 00:22:53.649 00:22:55.599 mboh mədam, mboh mədam Transcription 00:22:55.599 00:22:59.949 mboh mədam, and that's like, uh, that durian is already rotten, right? Transcription 00:22:59.949 00:23:06.649 Yeah. Transcription 00:23:06.649 00:23:12.449 Um, and what if I wanted to say, that durian rotted really fast? Transcription 00:23:12.449 00:23:13.261 Mm... Transcription 00:23:13.261 00:23:17.736 diə̯n anoʔ mədam way raju Transcription 00:23:17.736 00:23:26.336 diə̯n anoʔ mədam way raju Transcription 00:23:26.336 00:23:27.986 [ratʃo]? Transcription 00:23:27.986 00:23:30.936 raju, r, a, j, u, yeah, raju Transcription 00:23:30.936 00:23:34.886 raju, and is that, uh, really? Transcription 00:23:34.886 00:23:40.599 No um, pəra- yeah, way is, way is really, and then raju is fast, quick. Transcription 00:23:40.599 00:23:45.636 Okay, quick. Transcription 00:23:45.636 00:23:50.974 way, I'm not sure if way is the full word, but that's what I know and have heard. Transcription 00:23:50.974 00:23:51.624 Mhm. Transcription 00:23:51.624 00:23:57.274 But, maybe it's, maybe mərway, mərway raju? Transcription 00:23:57.274 00:24:05.424 Yeah, I feel like my mum has said, it sounds like there's an in front, like rəway, rəway raju, rəway raju, yeah. Transcription 00:24:05.424 00:24:10.274 Okay. Transcription 00:24:10.274 00:24:19.349 Yeah, but a word like really, you would probably, like, shorten it a lot, so, I, I'm not surprised that you wouldn't really use the full form, yeah, that makes sense. Transcription 00:24:19.349 00:24:20.074 Okay. Transcription 00:24:20.074 00:24:26.424 Uh, okay, so then, how about, um, if I wanted to say, that rice is stale? Transcription 00:24:26.424 00:24:28.736 təbiʔ anoʔ bəŋos Transcription 00:24:28.736 00:24:30.936 təbiʔ anoʔ bəŋos Transcription 00:24:30.936 00:24:41.249 təbiʔ anoʔ bəŋos Transcription 00:24:41.249 00:24:48.436 And is it any different if I wanna say, that rice has gotten stale? Transcription 00:24:48.436 00:24:50.686 Gotten stale... Transcription 00:24:50.686 00:24:57.261 təbiʔ anoʔ bəŋos, təbiʔ anoʔ m... I'm not so sure, I feel like... Transcription 00:24:57.261 00:25:02.099 If it's, like, getting bad, you can say mboh yoʔ bəŋos, almost. Transcription 00:25:02.099 00:25:02.861 Hmm, okay. Transcription 00:25:02.861 00:25:05.811 Stale, yeah, mboh yoʔ bəŋos. Transcription 00:25:05.811 00:25:08.511 təbiʔ anoʔ mboh yoʔ bəŋos Transcription 00:25:08.511 00:25:09.986 mboh yoʔ? Transcription 00:25:09.986 00:25:18.849 mboh, m, b, o, h, then yoʔ, mboh yoʔ bəŋos. Transcription 00:25:18.849 00:25:23.199 Okay, so it's not quite there yet, but it's getting there. Transcription 00:25:23.199 00:25:25.836 Yeah, it's like it's starting to. Transcription 00:25:25.836 00:25:33.524 Starting to? Okay. Transcription 00:25:33.524 00:25:36.261 Um... okay. Transcription 00:25:36.261 00:25:39.211 Okay, what about the word for calm? Transcription 00:25:39.211 00:25:41.624 Calm, like to calm down? Transcription 00:25:41.624 00:25:50.349 Yeah, yeah yeah yeah, or if I'm just, like, talking about how somebody's a really calm person. I don't think anybody's used that to describe me, but just in case. Transcription 00:25:50.349 00:25:59.711 Calm, mm... Transcription 00:25:59.711 00:26:11.624 Hmm... calm, yoh, hmm wait, I've never, I can't think of when that's been used... Transcription 00:26:11.624 00:26:15.886 Maybe you're not very calm either, so nobody's said it around you hhhhhhh Transcription 00:26:15.886 00:26:18.424 Yeah, I'm not calm, yeah. Transcription 00:26:18.424 00:26:25.911 Mm, calm, I think... yoh... Transcription 00:26:25.911 00:26:32.549 When people, I think they, when people are, like quiet, or when they are still... Transcription 00:26:32.549 00:26:39.599 There's a word they use for, to say that they are calm, but you know, just because someone is still doesn't mean they are calm. Transcription 00:26:39.599 00:26:46.649 But yeah, one of the word is, um... Transcription 00:26:46.649 00:26:47.586 pərʔo Transcription 00:26:47.586 00:26:48.536 pərʔo Transcription 00:26:48.536 00:26:49.124 pərʔo Transcription 00:26:49.124 00:26:50.499 pərʔo? Transcription 00:26:50.499 00:26:59.874 pərəʔo, wait, I think it's pərəʔo, I th- hh, pərəʔo, prəʔo, prə, prə, pərəʔo, pərəʔo, pərəʔo hh Transcription 00:26:59.874 00:27:04.899 pərəʔo, pər, pərə, pərʔo, yeah, hh Transcription 00:27:04.899 00:27:08.636 Like, like, p, e, r, and then glottal stop, and then o. Transcription 00:27:08.636 00:27:11.736 Yeah, okay, that's what I thought, that's what I thought, yeah, pərʔo, pərʔo. Transcription 00:27:11.736 00:27:14.724 And so that technically means quiet or still? Transcription 00:27:14.724 00:27:15.374 Yeah. Transcription 00:27:15.374 00:27:18.774 Okay, but people might use it to say calm as well? Transcription 00:27:18.774 00:27:22.011 Yeah, you can say like... Transcription 00:27:22.011 00:27:23.436 dari anoʔ pərʔo dop iʔ Transcription 00:27:23.436 00:27:30.236 dari anoʔ pərʔo dop iʔ Transcription 00:27:30.236 00:27:32.336 And what does that mean? Transcription 00:27:32.336 00:27:41.324 So, that man, that boy, uh, that man is quiet or silent or still, yeah. Transcription 00:27:41.324 00:27:49.374 He, yeah self, dop iʔ, yeah, I think we've talked about this before, yeah, dop iʔ. Transcription 00:27:49.374 00:27:52.774 Mm, okay, so, dop iʔ? Transcription 00:27:52.774 00:27:55.749 Uh, d, o, p, dop, and then iʔ, yeah. Transcription 00:27:55.749 00:27:57.099 Oh, okay. Transcription 00:27:57.099 00:28:03.049 dop, dop means like self, or, yeah, own, like self. Transcription 00:28:03.049 00:28:08.086 So dop iʔ, him, themself, like. Transcription 00:28:08.086 00:28:12.936 Mm, oh yeah, yeah, yeah, I know what you're saying, okay, can you give me the whole sentence again, though? Transcription 00:28:12.936 00:28:18.436 dari anoʔ pərʔo dop iʔ Transcription 00:28:18.436 00:28:22.236 And that means, that boy is quiet or still or silent? Transcription 00:28:22.236 00:28:28.036 But it does not mean, like, that boy is quieting himself? Transcription 00:28:28.036 00:28:33.236 Mm, mm, no, yeah, I think means just like, he's quiet and still, yeah. Transcription 00:28:33.236 00:28:38.549 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:28:38.549 00:28:43.799 Usually when we want to, like, tell that they are calm, this sentence, like, the beginning of the explanation, and then... Transcription 00:28:43.799 00:28:48.824 Then they will say that, he's not, um, really, he don't get mad easily. Transcription 00:28:48.824 00:28:51.424 Or he don't get work out, uh, worked up easily. Transcription 00:28:51.424 00:28:55.811 Mm, yeah, yeah, like he doesn't get worked up easily, yeah, okay. Transcription 00:28:55.811 00:28:59.974 So that feels more natural than, like, using some word for calm, for you? Transcription 00:28:59.974 00:29:05.774 Yeah, because like, if I want, like, directly say calm, I will have to use the Malay word, tenang. Transcription 00:29:05.774 00:29:08.736 I cannot use the Bidayuh one, we don't have it, yeah. Transcription 00:29:08.736 00:29:15.686 Yeah, okay, so, what, what, how would you say, not worked up, then? Transcription 00:29:15.686 00:29:20.449 Okay, um... doh, maybe not... Transcription 00:29:20.449 00:29:23.124 doh raju tiwas, okay, so... Transcription 00:29:23.124 00:29:31.699 dari anoʔ pərʔo dop iʔ, yoh doh raju tiwas Transcription 00:29:31.699 00:29:35.399 yoh doh raju tiwas Transcription 00:29:35.399 00:29:37.836 [yoʔ doʔ] raju...? Transcription 00:29:37.836 00:29:39.899 tiwas, t, i, w, a, s, yeah. Transcription 00:29:39.899 00:29:44.199 tiwas, okay, and that means? Transcription 00:29:44.199 00:29:50.711 He, um, he not quick angry, hh he not quick angry, yeah. Transcription 00:29:50.711 00:29:54.548 Yeah, he is not quick to anger. Transcription 00:29:54.548 00:29:57.761 Oui. Transcription 00:29:57.761 00:30:04.473 Yeah, okay, so that is a more natural way for you to say that than having to borrow a word for calm? Transcription 00:30:04.473 00:30:05.161 Yeah. Transcription 00:30:05.161 00:30:19.298 Okay, okay. Uh, so what if like, is there any, would you use the word to calm down, though? So, if I was asking you, like, please calm down, would you have a word for that? Transcription 00:30:19.298 00:30:28.098 Please calm down, um... Transcription 00:30:28.098 00:30:35.336 Yeah, I feel like the word pərʔo will be used again, I remember, like, when a child is crying, then the mother will say... Transcription 00:30:35.336 00:30:36.398 pərʔo dop muʔ, pərʔo dop muʔ Transcription 00:30:36.398 00:30:38.973 Like, be still, be still. Transcription 00:30:38.973 00:30:42.823 hh okay, okay, so wait, what is that? pərʔo...? Transcription 00:30:42.823 00:30:44.148 pərʔo dop muʔ Transcription 00:30:44.148 00:30:47.011 pərʔo dop muʔ Transcription 00:30:47.011 00:30:48.661 dop muʔ Transcription 00:30:48.661 00:30:49.798 Yeah. Transcription 00:30:49.798 00:30:53.098 And that's like, be quiet, be still. Transcription 00:30:53.098 00:31:04.986 Yeah. Transcription 00:31:04.986 00:31:12.123 Okay, um, how about the word for dry? Transcription 00:31:12.123 00:31:13.161 Try? Transcription 00:31:13.161 00:31:16.548 Uh, the opposite of wet, dry. Transcription 00:31:16.548 00:31:17.598 bədoh Transcription 00:31:17.598 00:31:18.661 bədoh? Transcription 00:31:18.661 00:31:20.773 Yeah, b, e, d, o, h, bedoh Transcription 00:31:20.773 00:31:21.923 bədoh Transcription 00:31:21.923 00:31:22.548 Yeah. Transcription 00:31:22.548 00:31:33.786 And could you use that word to describe, like, a body of water that doesn't exist anymore, so it's dry, the lake is dry, would you be able to use bədoh for that? Transcription 00:31:33.786 00:31:37.786 Mm, yeah, I've, yeah, you can use that, bədoh. Transcription 00:31:37.786 00:31:42.061 I'm not sure if you can, yeah, you can use bədoh, but there's another word, which... Transcription 00:31:42.061 00:31:42.736 pəsok Transcription 00:31:42.736 00:31:43.311 pəsok Transcription 00:31:43.311 00:31:43.861 [bəsok]? Transcription 00:31:43.861 00:31:50.873 Yeah, pəsok, p, e, s, o, k, but I feel like pəsok means almost like, shrivel up, like, um, like a fruit can be pəsok. Transcription 00:31:50.873 00:31:51.786 Okay. Transcription 00:31:51.786 00:31:54.723 Yeah. Transcription 00:31:54.723 00:31:56.611 Yeah, that makes sense. Transcription 00:31:56.611 00:32:03.473 Um, so if I wanted to say, the lake is dry, I don't know the word for lake, so, how would I say that? Transcription 00:32:03.473 00:32:04.098 Ah Transcription 00:32:04.098 00:32:05.373 I don't know the word for lake. Transcription 00:32:05.373 00:32:08.911 hhhhhh what about river? River is probably more... Transcription 00:32:08.911 00:32:09.398 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:32:09.398 00:32:11.986 Yeah, yeah, let's use river instead. Transcription 00:32:11.986 00:32:12.711 Um... Transcription 00:32:12.711 00:32:16.323 səŋi anoʔ mboh bədoh Transcription 00:32:16.323 00:32:18.073 səŋi anoʔ mboh bədoh Transcription 00:32:18.073 00:32:19.061 səŋi Transcription 00:32:19.061 00:32:20.273 s, e, n, g, i Transcription 00:32:20.273 00:32:23.086 səŋi anoʔ mboh bədoh Transcription 00:32:23.086 00:32:25.273 bədoh, okay. Transcription 00:32:25.273 00:32:32.773 Okay. The reason I used lake is because when I lived in Borneo, there was a man-made lake that we would swim at, and so we would go there all the time. Transcription 00:32:32.773 00:32:39.623 So I, for some reason, I associate that with Borneo, but you probably don't have any lakes near you, but I know you have tonnes of rivers around, so... Transcription 00:32:39.623 00:32:40.973 So, river makes more... Transcription 00:32:40.973 00:32:42.273 Rivers make more sense. Transcription 00:32:42.273 00:32:50.248 Yeah, the people in my village, I don't think we have seen, like, lakes, but there are a lake in a region called Bau. Transcription 00:32:50.248 00:32:51.098 Okay. Transcription 00:32:51.098 00:32:54.073 Yeah, but I feel like Bau langauge don't have it, yeah. Transcription 00:32:54.073 00:33:00.223 hhhhh they maybe have a word for lake, but you do not, because you don't need to. Transcription 00:33:00.223 00:33:01.461 Yeah. Transcription 00:33:01.461 00:33:14.261 Okay, so, what if I wanted to say, um, the river dried up over the last few years, like I'm describing it happening over time? Transcription 00:33:14.261 00:33:19.311 Mm, it's happening over time, so... Transcription 00:33:19.311 00:33:31.761 səŋi anoʔ, like getting bədoh, like... h səŋi, səŋi anoʔ... Transcription 00:33:31.761 00:33:34.373 I feel like the most natural way that I can think of is, like... Transcription 00:33:34.373 00:33:38.098 səŋi anoʔ makin ndu makin bədoh Transcription 00:33:38.098 00:33:42.786 So duoh so- let me, let me just... Transcription 00:33:42.786 00:33:59.511 səŋi, səŋi anoʔ makin- soʔ, eh, səŋi anoʔ soʔ two years ago, right? səŋi anoʔ soʔ duoh suaʔ jahit makin ndu makin bədoh Transcription 00:33:59.511 00:34:02.211 Let me read that again. Transcription 00:34:02.211 00:34:07.911 səŋi anoʔ soʔ duoh suaʔ jahit makin ndu makin bədoh Transcription 00:34:07.911 00:34:16.011 səŋi anoʔ soʔ duoh suaʔ jahit makin ndu makin bədoh Transcription 00:34:16.011 00:34:19.411 Okay, whoo, lots of new words for me, here, okay. Transcription 00:34:19.411 00:34:26.211 Um, okay, so, let's see, so this is, um, what's the exact translation of this? Transcription 00:34:26.211 00:34:36.498 Okay, so, um, that river, from two years before, um, wait, how do I...? Transcription 00:34:36.498 00:34:37.186 makin Transcription 00:34:37.186 00:34:41.536 Um, increase day, increase dryness, dry. Transcription 00:34:41.536 00:34:48.698 Oh! Okay, okay, so wait, makin ndu, what's makin ndu? Transcription 00:34:48.698 00:34:57.998 Okay, ndu is day, and so, makin is like, um, makin, more, like more, like getting, like increasing, yeah. Transcription 00:34:57.998 00:35:00.848 So increasing days, increasing dry. Transcription 00:35:00.848 00:35:05.998 Okay, okay, I got it now! I was like, wait, what? Oh, that's so interesting! Okay. Transcription 00:35:05.998 00:35:10.323 Okay, so, this is basically saying that... Transcription 00:35:10.323 00:35:14.186 The river got drier and drier over the last two years, does that sound right? Transcription 00:35:14.186 00:35:14.648 Yeah. Transcription 00:35:14.648 00:35:15.123 Okay. Transcription 00:35:15.123 00:35:25.248 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:35:25.248 00:35:30.598 makin ndu makin bədoh Transcription 00:35:30.598 00:35:39.798 Okay, I like that, okay, okay, so how about, what if I wanted, could I used bədoh to say, like, my clothes, like after I wash them, could I say my clothes are dry, using bədoh? Transcription 00:35:39.798 00:35:42.011 Yeah, you can use that, bədoh, yeah. Transcription 00:35:42.011 00:35:44.061 And how would I say that? Transcription 00:35:44.061 00:35:45.998 jəpuə̯h kuʔ mboh bədoh Transcription 00:35:45.998 00:35:48.586 jəpuə̯h kuʔ mboh bədoh Transcription 00:35:48.586 00:35:53.723 jəpuə̯h, okay, I think this one might be, like, p, u, a, maybe. Transcription 00:35:53.723 00:35:56.248 jəpuə̯h kuʔ mboh bədoh Transcription 00:35:56.248 00:35:59.536 jəpuə̯h, jəpuə̯h, yeah. Transcription 00:35:59.536 00:36:05.186 And, um, can I say it without mboh? Transcription 00:36:05.186 00:36:07.191 Oh yeah, yeah, yes, yeah. Transcription 00:36:07.191 00:36:08.781 jəpuə̯h kuʔ bədoh Transcription 00:36:08.781 00:36:12.991 Like, my shirt is dry, mboh means, like, you have a dry shirt, yeah. Transcription 00:36:12.991 00:36:20.801 Okay, okay, yeah. Transcription 00:36:20.801 00:36:26.296 And what about if I wanted to say, my clothes dried quickly? Transcription 00:36:26.296 00:36:29.416 jəpuə̯h kuʔ bədoh raju Transcription 00:36:29.416 00:36:31.896 jəpuə̯h kuʔ bədoh raju Transcription 00:36:31.896 00:36:32.596 Actually if you say... Transcription 00:36:32.596 00:36:34.076 jəpuə̯h kuʔ raju bədoh Transcription 00:36:34.076 00:36:38.086 Also, like mean, I think, the same thing. Transcription 00:36:38.086 00:36:42.786 jəpuə̯h kuʔ raju bədoh Transcription 00:36:42.786 00:36:44.798 Yeah, yeah, it means the same thing. Transcription 00:36:44.798 00:36:47.961 Okay, okay, and both very natural? Transcription 00:36:47.961 00:36:48.923 Yeah, very natural, yeah. Transcription 00:36:48.923 00:36:50.611 Okay. Transcription 00:36:50.611 00:37:03.286 Um, okay, so how about if I want to say, like, I put my clothes outside to dry, and I'm like, oh, the sun dried my clothes really quickly, how could I say that? Transcription 00:37:03.286 00:37:09.948 Mm... okay, I think you'll say, um... Transcription 00:37:09.948 00:37:12.848 jəpuə̯h kuʔ bədoh raju daʔ səraʔ Transcription 00:37:12.848 00:37:13.611 jəpuə̯h Transcription 00:37:13.611 00:37:17.761 jəpuə̯h kuʔ raju bədoh daʔ səraʔ Transcription 00:37:17.761 00:37:23.361 raju bədoh daʔ səraʔ Transcription 00:37:23.361 00:37:25.661 And, what's the word for sun, səraʔ? Transcription 00:37:25.661 00:37:26.673 Yeah, səraʔ. Transcription 00:37:26.673 00:37:27.923 səraʔ Transcription 00:37:27.923 00:37:29.723 səraʔ Transcription 00:37:29.723 00:37:33.873 Okay, so it's like, my clothes, um... Transcription 00:37:33.873 00:37:36.810 Are very quickly dried by the sun? Transcription 00:37:36.810 00:37:41.848 Yeah. Transcription 00:37:41.848 00:37:45.473 Okay. Um... Transcription 00:37:45.473 00:37:54.973 And then, could I use the word bədoh to talk about, like, an ink pen, like my pen is dried up? Transcription 00:37:54.973 00:37:55.710 Yeah. Transcription 00:37:55.710 00:37:56.760 You could? Transcription 00:37:56.760 00:37:57.560 Yeah. Transcription 00:37:57.560 00:38:02.460 And how would I say that, my pen is dried up? Transcription 00:38:02.460 00:38:05.960 The most, like, usually people say it's like... Transcription 00:38:05.960 00:38:07.410 iŋpen kuʔ mboh bədoh Transcription 00:38:07.410 00:38:08.448 iŋ... Transcription 00:38:08.448 00:38:09.710 iŋpen kuʔ mboh bədoh Transcription 00:38:09.710 00:38:13.760 iŋpen kuʔ mboh bədoh Transcription 00:38:13.760 00:38:14.298 Or... Transcription 00:38:14.298 00:38:15.073 iŋpen kuʔ bədoh Transcription 00:38:15.073 00:38:16.110 Without the mboh, yeah. Transcription 00:38:16.110 00:38:17.473 Okay. Transcription 00:38:17.473 00:38:22.235 I love that you say ink pen hhhhhh Transcription 00:38:22.235 00:38:24.323 hh ink pen, yeah. Transcription 00:38:24.323 00:38:36.885 Ah, naw, I love that, I love how, um, languages just fill in these gaps by just taking from another language, it's the easiest way to do it, it makes total sense and I love it. So, iŋpen kuʔ bədoh. Transcription 00:38:36.885 00:38:38.048 Yeah. Transcription 00:38:38.048 00:38:40.673 Nice, alright. Transcription 00:38:40.673 00:38:46.485 And, um, how about the word for play? Transcription 00:38:46.485 00:38:49.348 Play? Transcription 00:38:49.348 00:38:50.110 bərubi Transcription 00:38:50.110 00:38:52.510 bərubi Transcription 00:38:52.510 00:38:54.360 bərubi Transcription 00:38:54.360 00:38:57.060 b, r, u, b, i, I think, yeah. Transcription 00:38:57.060 00:38:58.260 bərubi Transcription 00:38:58.260 00:38:59.260 bərubi? Transcription 00:38:59.260 00:39:01.010 Yeah, bərubi. Transcription 00:39:01.010 00:39:05.310 And, could you say it without bə, just rubi? Transcription 00:39:05.310 00:39:07.235 rubi Transcription 00:39:07.235 00:39:09.348 Um, so the word for plaything is... Transcription 00:39:09.348 00:39:11.235 kiyuh rubi Transcription 00:39:11.235 00:39:11.998 kiyuh rubi Transcription 00:39:11.998 00:39:19.098 But also, but I... yeah, I think rubi means, like, play, but as a noun. Transcription 00:39:19.098 00:39:21.060 Mm, mhm. Transcription 00:39:21.060 00:39:23.410 And then bərubi is the verb form, yeah. Transcription 00:39:23.410 00:39:26.423 Okay, perfect, okay. Transcription 00:39:26.423 00:39:31.173 How would I say, uh, my child is playing outside? Transcription 00:39:31.173 00:39:33.873 nak kuʔ bərubi di səpaʔ Transcription 00:39:33.873 00:39:37.373 nak kuʔ bərubi di səpaʔ Transcription 00:39:37.373 00:39:38.348 səpaʔ Transcription 00:39:38.348 00:39:42.998 nak kuʔ bərubi di səpaʔ Transcription 00:39:42.998 00:39:44.798 səpaʔ Transcription 00:39:44.798 00:39:46.610 What's the, how do you say outside? Transcription 00:39:46.610 00:39:47.760 səpaʔ Transcription 00:39:47.760 00:39:48.923 Um, səpaʔ. Transcription 00:39:48.923 00:39:52.310 Yeah, normal , yeah. Transcription 00:39:52.310 00:39:55.735 səpaʔ, okay. Transcription 00:39:55.735 00:40:06.298 Um, okay, and then, how about, um, my child is playing with a toy car? Transcription 00:40:06.298 00:40:10.285 I think now people will just say, like, maynan moto. Transcription 00:40:10.285 00:40:10.985 Mm. Transcription 00:40:10.985 00:40:17.273 Which means, like, yeah, but if you want to speak like my grandma, then you can say, um... Transcription 00:40:17.273 00:40:20.560 nak kuʔ bərubi kiyuh rubi moto Transcription 00:40:20.560 00:40:26.385 nak kuʔ bərubi kiyuh rubi moto Transcription 00:40:26.385 00:40:31.735 So you can, um, use kiyuh rubi, and then, like, put what it is at the end? Transcription 00:40:31.735 00:40:36.485 So moto rubi, car, so you could say, like, toy house, like kiyuh rubi... Transcription 00:40:36.485 00:40:37.335 rəmin Transcription 00:40:37.335 00:40:49.360 [ramin], yeah, yeah, I was like, oh, I should know this! I know the word for house, okay, okay, okay. Transcription 00:40:49.360 00:40:54.535 Could you use that for, like, toy knife? I don't know why your kid would be playing with a toy knife, but hh Transcription 00:40:54.535 00:41:06.835 rubi... Wait, rubi, I feel like, okay rubi, I said that it's, like, a noun, but if you want to say, like, a toy knife, I think you will say, like, səndaʔ rubi. Transcription 00:41:06.835 00:41:09.935 Oh, okay. Transcription 00:41:09.935 00:41:14.198 Yeah, but, to play house, we have a word for it, which means, um... Transcription 00:41:14.198 00:41:14.948 pəramin Transcription 00:41:14.948 00:41:16.248 pəramin Transcription 00:41:16.248 00:41:20.648 You can say, like, there's the word, like, pəramin in there, pəramin. Transcription 00:41:20.648 00:41:27.735 Okay, so, while, main pəramin and rubi pəramin means to play house... Transcription 00:41:27.735 00:41:37.085 But pəramin itself, you can use it for, you are, you are building a house. Transcription 00:41:37.085 00:41:39.510 Like, actually, yeah. Transcription 00:41:39.510 00:41:45.660 Okay, hold on, so it's pəramin, with a [pə] at the beginning, is that right? Transcription 00:41:45.660 00:41:51.910 Yeah, it might have a [pə], but it sounds to me like it's p, r, a, like it's quicker. Transcription 00:41:51.910 00:41:52.523 Mm. Transcription 00:41:52.523 00:41:57.073 pramin, pramin, yeah, okay. Transcription 00:41:57.073 00:42:01.623 pramin, and that means, to play house? Transcription 00:42:01.623 00:42:08.160 Yeah, yeah, for, like if you're using it in the context of a child, then it means to play house. Transcription 00:42:08.160 00:42:13.423 But if you use it for an adult, it means they are building a home for themselves. Transcription 00:42:13.423 00:42:14.598 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:42:14.598 00:42:17.285 And getting married, you can even use that for it. Transcription 00:42:17.285 00:42:20.898 Okay, almost like building a life for themselves. Transcription 00:42:20.898 00:42:24.385 Yeah, yeah, there's the word rəmin in there, which means, like, house. Transcription 00:42:24.385 00:42:34.298 Yeah, okay, so can you give me, um, like a, example of using it as an adult to build a house? So like, we're building a house, or... Transcription 00:42:34.298 00:42:47.110 Hmm... yoh, mboh yoʔ, yoh yoʔ mboh pəramin, yoh pəramin di... Transcription 00:42:47.110 00:42:48.760 yoh pəramin di pasar Transcription 00:42:48.760 00:42:50.548 yoʔ or yoʔ- okay, let... Transcription 00:42:50.548 00:42:52.698 yoh an pəramin di pasar Transcription 00:42:52.698 00:42:59.510 yoh an pəramin di pasar Transcription 00:42:59.510 00:43:02.160 And what does that mean? Transcription 00:43:02.160 00:43:09.273 He wants to build a home in town, or in the city, yeah. Transcription 00:43:09.273 00:43:13.798 In the city? Transcription 00:43:13.798 00:43:17.435 It's funny because pasar in the Malay language just means, like, mart. Transcription 00:43:17.435 00:43:23.560 Market, yeah, I was like, I was like, wait, he wants to build a house in the market? hhhhhh Transcription 00:43:23.560 00:43:28.798 But in the Bidayuh language, I think it has been expanded to mean, like, city or some, like, the town. Transcription 00:43:28.798 00:43:30.210 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:43:30.210 00:43:31.760 ora pasar, yeah Transcription 00:43:31.760 00:43:33.073 Interesting, okay. Transcription 00:43:33.073 00:43:33.698 Yeah. Transcription 00:43:33.698 00:43:38.998 Yeah, I did, when you said that I was like, thought that was market, so that's interesting. Transcription 00:43:38.998 00:43:47.360 Sometimes my knowledge of, like, Bahasa Indonesia and Melayu is like really good, and sometimes I feel it kinda gets in the, 'cause I'm like, market? What? Transcription 00:43:47.360 00:43:51.935 And you're like no, no no no, it doesn't mean market! Transcription 00:43:51.935 00:43:57.648 Um, okay, so then, could I have an example of using it for, like, a kid to play house? Transcription 00:43:57.648 00:44:09.410 So you would say that... Mm, okay, I think you'll just say, like, um... Transcription 00:44:09.410 00:44:11.823 ŋara noʔ pəramin Transcription 00:44:11.823 00:44:19.985 I think it's just the same, the way you will use it for an adult, but when you use it for children, you just know that it's a play thing. Transcription 00:44:19.985 00:44:23.773 Unless it's a really talented kid building a house hhh Transcription 00:44:23.773 00:44:26.573 Yeah hhh yeah h Transcription 00:44:26.573 00:44:31.523 Yeah, that makes sense, so you just say, like, nak anoʔ pəramin, which is just like, the child is playing house? Transcription 00:44:31.523 00:44:40.073 Mm, mhm, yeah. Transcription 00:44:40.073 00:44:44.560 We really went on a little tangent there, I can't even remember what my first question was! Transcription 00:44:44.560 00:44:47.298 I mean I love it, but I was like, oh shoot, did I miss something? Transcription 00:44:47.298 00:44:50.085 Oh, we were talking about toy knife! Transcription 00:44:50.085 00:44:51.885 hh toy knife, yeah, yeah, so... Transcription 00:44:51.885 00:44:53.197 səndaʔ rubi Transcription 00:44:53.197 00:44:54.460 səndaʔ rubi, yeah. Transcription 00:44:54.460 00:44:56.085 [sənda]... Transcription 00:44:56.085 00:44:57.735 s- səndaʔ, səndaʔ Transcription 00:44:57.735 00:45:01.247 səndaʔ? / s, e, n, yeah, d, a, k, səndaʔ Transcription 00:45:01.247 00:45:03.497 səndaʔ rubi, r, u, b, i Transcription 00:45:03.497 00:45:05.697 And that's toy knife, okay. Transcription 00:45:05.697 00:45:10.397 Okay, so you wouldn't say, kiyuh rubi səndaʔ? Transcription 00:45:10.397 00:45:19.360 Yeah, you, yeah you will not say that. I think that for car, like the toy car, you can say moto, but wait... Transcription 00:45:19.360 00:45:20.210 moto rubi Transcription 00:45:20.210 00:45:23.110 moto ru- rubi, moto rubi Transcription 00:45:23.110 00:45:26.647 Yeah, yeah, I think you can, yeah, you can say moto rubi, too. Transcription 00:45:26.647 00:45:33.122 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:45:33.122 00:45:38.860 But if you were to say, like, kiyuh rubi moto, yeah, I think people will just understand, no one will say anything against it. Transcription 00:45:38.860 00:45:50.460 Mhm, yeah, they're both okay? Transcription 00:45:50.460 00:45:55.972 Well, since we're already talking about kids, um, how do you say cry? Transcription 00:45:55.972 00:45:56.847 Cry? Transcription 00:45:56.847 00:45:58.297 səʔiə̯n Transcription 00:45:58.297 00:45:59.697 səʔiə̯n Transcription 00:45:59.697 00:46:08.022 I'm not sure how I spell it, okay, so, I spell it s, e-... s, e, i, a, n, səʔiə̯n, səʔiə̯n Transcription 00:46:08.022 00:46:09.535 Okay, səʔiə̯n. Transcription 00:46:09.535 00:46:10.635 səʔiə̯n Transcription 00:46:10.635 00:46:12.022 səʔiə̯n Transcription 00:46:12.022 00:46:14.397 səʔiə̯n, yeah. Transcription 00:46:14.397 00:46:19.847 Okay, um, and what if I wanted to say, all my children are crying? Transcription 00:46:19.847 00:46:22.922 hhhhhh Transcription 00:46:22.922 00:46:26.472 buə̯ʔ nak kuʔ səʔiə̯n Transcription 00:46:26.472 00:46:28.072 səʔiə̯n Transcription 00:46:28.072 00:46:31.972 buə̯ʔ nak kuʔ səʔiə̯n Transcription 00:46:31.972 00:46:34.172 And the word for all is buə̯ʔ? Transcription 00:46:34.172 00:46:35.372 Yeah, buə̯ʔ. Transcription 00:46:35.372 00:46:38.310 Which also can mean finish, like... Transcription 00:46:38.310 00:46:39.147 pəʔin kuʔ mboh buə̯ʔ Transcription 00:46:39.147 00:46:40.672 My drink is finished. Transcription 00:46:40.672 00:46:41.710 Oh, okay. Transcription 00:46:41.710 00:46:42.560 kərja kuʔ mboh buə̯ʔ Transcription 00:46:42.560 00:46:55.635 Yeah, my work is finished. Transcription 00:46:55.635 00:47:03.985 Uh, okay, how about if I wanted to, almost like accuse somebody, I'm like, you made my children cry? Transcription 00:47:03.985 00:47:05.672 u daʔ nak kuʔ səʔiə̯n Transcription 00:47:05.672 00:47:12.122 u daʔ nak kuʔ səʔiə̯n Transcription 00:47:12.122 00:47:14.472 u daʔ nak kuʔ səʔiə̯n? Transcription 00:47:14.472 00:47:17.660 Yes. Transcription 00:47:17.660 00:47:20.885 Uh, what if I wanted to say, you made me cry? Transcription 00:47:20.885 00:47:24.110 u daʔ kuʔ səʔiə̯n Transcription 00:47:24.110 00:47:27.872 Hopefully I will not be saying that to anybody hhhhh Transcription 00:47:27.872 00:47:35.885 In Bidayuh, I'm like, oh, you made me cry! Transcription 00:47:35.885 00:47:43.972 Um, okay, and what if I wanted to ask somebody, are you triyng to make me cry? Transcription 00:47:43.972 00:47:45.722 u an daʔ kuʔ səʔiə̯n ka Transcription 00:47:45.722 00:47:54.522 u an daʔ kuʔ səʔiə̯n ka Transcription 00:47:54.522 00:47:56.297 u an daʔ...? Transcription 00:47:56.297 00:48:02.122 kuʔ səʔiə̯n ka Transcription 00:48:02.122 00:48:08.247 Even without the ka, if you, like, make it sound like a question, you don't have to use the ka. Transcription 00:48:08.247 00:48:13.047 So if I like, uh, like, raise my voice at the end, people will still know it's a question, without the ka? Transcription 00:48:13.047 00:48:13.597 Yeah. Transcription 00:48:13.597 00:48:18.410 Okay, um... Transcription 00:48:18.410 00:48:22.185 Okay, so, an as in, like, want? u an daʔ...? Transcription 00:48:22.185 00:48:28.635 Yeah, u an daʔ, u an daʔ, do you want to make me cry? Transcription 00:48:28.635 00:48:44.447 Okay. Transcription 00:48:44.447 00:48:52.447 Um, okay, I actually think that we got this word once before, but I don't think it was me, to kill? Transcription 00:48:52.447 00:48:53.910 Kill, kill... Transcription 00:48:53.910 00:48:54.672 səʔo Transcription 00:48:54.672 00:48:55.347 səʔo Transcription 00:48:55.347 00:49:00.772 səʔo, you know actually, it was me, because I specifically remember that. Transcription 00:49:00.772 00:49:04.760 Um, how would I say, she killed the snake in her house? Transcription 00:49:04.760 00:49:09.122 She killed the snake in her house, um. Transcription 00:49:09.122 00:49:17.697 yoh səʔo jəpoh di, the snake is like, are we being specific? Transcription 00:49:17.697 00:49:24.760 Um, doesn't have to be, can be any like, it can be just a snake, um. Transcription 00:49:24.760 00:49:28.910 If you just wanna say, just jəpoh, and that sounds good to you, that's fine. Transcription 00:49:28.910 00:49:29.535 Yeah. Transcription 00:49:29.535 00:49:34.135 yoh səʔo jəpoh di aron iʔ Transcription 00:49:34.135 00:49:34.722 aron Transcription 00:49:34.722 00:49:41.572 Okay, so, aron and rəmin, I think interchangeable, but aron more like home, and rəmin is more like house, yeah, so... Transcription 00:49:41.572 00:49:48.722 yoh səʔo jəpoh di aron iʔ Transcription 00:49:48.722 00:49:58.872 Okay, yeah, and since it's our, you probably feel better using home versus house, because I'm talking about, like, my own home. Transcription 00:49:58.872 00:50:03.947 Mm hh Transcription 00:50:03.947 00:50:09.497 Okay, how about if I just wanted to say, the snake was killed? Transcription 00:50:09.497 00:50:11.497 The snake was killed? jəʔo- um Transcription 00:50:11.497 00:50:13.447 jəpoh duə̯g səʔo Transcription 00:50:13.447 00:50:20.460 jəpoh duə̯g səʔo Transcription 00:50:20.460 00:50:22.722 jəpoh duə̯g səʔo? Transcription 00:50:22.722 00:50:26.635 Yeah. Transcription 00:50:26.635 00:50:31.535 And does that mean a specific snake, or could it be any snake? Transcription 00:50:31.535 00:50:33.697 Yeah, that is like any snake, yeah. Transcription 00:50:33.697 00:50:37.422 That's any snake, okay. Transcription 00:50:37.422 00:50:48.960 Uh, what if I wanted, is there any way to specify that it was an accident, like, oh, the snake was accidentally killed? Transcription 00:50:48.960 00:50:57.260 Mm, I don't think there's like, like for kill, there's no accidental signifier. Transcription 00:50:57.260 00:51:05.572 Like in Malay, there's like , but I don't think there's one in Bidayuh, so I, if we want to signify that... Transcription 00:51:05.572 00:51:09.385 You'll have to use the , tərsəʔo, but that doesn't sound as natural. Transcription 00:51:09.385 00:51:09.985 Okay. Transcription 00:51:09.985 00:51:11.810 Sounds like a Malay word, yeah. Transcription 00:51:11.810 00:51:21.960 Okay, so you could technically say, like, jəpoh duə̯g tərsəʔo, or just jəpoh tərsəʔo? Transcription 00:51:21.960 00:51:24.647 Like, if I did it, I'd say... Transcription 00:51:24.647 00:51:25.985 kuʔ tərsəʔo jəpoh Transcription 00:51:25.985 00:51:26.522 Or... Transcription 00:51:26.522 00:51:27.697 giʔ dayaʔ tərsəʔo jəpoh Transcription 00:51:27.697 00:51:30.447 Someone accidentally killed the snake. Transcription 00:51:30.447 00:51:32.410 tərsəʔo, yeah. Transcription 00:51:32.410 00:51:36.660 Okay, uh, say that once again for me? Transcription 00:51:36.660 00:51:38.122 Which one? The...? Transcription 00:51:38.122 00:51:45.097 hhh you speak so quickly I missed them both, uh, the what was, like, someone killed the snake accidentally. Transcription 00:51:45.097 00:51:45.835 Okay. Transcription 00:51:45.835 00:51:48.485 giʔ dayaʔ səʔo, uh Transcription 00:51:48.485 00:51:53.835 giʔ dayaʔ tərsəʔo jəpoh Transcription 00:51:53.835 00:51:59.285 giʔ dayaʔ tərsəʔo [jipo], okay, got it, okay, okay. Transcription 00:51:59.285 00:52:10.235 Um, so there's no, um, is there any word, um, in Bidayuh, for just like, on accident? Transcription 00:52:10.235 00:52:14.622 I really think there's none, I really think there's none, yeah. Transcription 00:52:14.622 00:52:17.947 Yeah, okay, so you would just borrow, then, the Malay , then? Transcription 00:52:17.947 00:52:18.472 Yeah. Transcription 00:52:18.472 00:52:22.709 Okay, okay, um... Transcription 00:52:22.709 00:52:30.822 Okay, and what if I wanted to say, basically that same thing, but I wanted to specify that it was accidentally killed by my sister, not just someone? Transcription 00:52:30.822 00:52:33.597 So, the snake was accidentally killed by my sister? Transcription 00:52:33.597 00:52:39.072 Okay, so, um... Transcription 00:52:39.072 00:52:41.622 kakaʔ kuʔ tərsəʔo jəpoh Transcription 00:52:41.622 00:52:43.447 kakaʔ kuʔ tərsəʔo jəpoh Transcription 00:52:43.447 00:52:52.109 kakaʔ kuʔ tərsəʔo jəpoh Transcription 00:52:52.109 00:52:57.697 Um, and it's, it's kakaʔ like in Malay, like for older sister? Transcription 00:52:57.697 00:52:58.234 Yeah. Transcription 00:52:58.234 00:52:58.722 Okay. Transcription 00:52:58.722 00:53:01.747 But kakaʔ can also mean brother. Transcription 00:53:01.747 00:53:08.197 Yeah, yeah, so older sibling, older, the important part is the older, that's correct, right? Transcription 00:53:08.197 00:53:19.459 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:53:19.459 00:53:26.909 I feel like the kinship terms in this variant of Bidayuh is not so gendered. Transcription 00:53:26.909 00:53:31.684 Like, even the word for, like, older uncle or auntie, is usually... Transcription 00:53:31.684 00:53:32.747 səmba Transcription 00:53:32.747 00:53:33.784 səmba? Transcription 00:53:33.784 00:53:36.097 Yes, and then, for younger uncle or auntie, it's... Transcription 00:53:36.097 00:53:36.972 tuaʔ Transcription 00:53:36.972 00:53:43.409 t, u, a, k, tuaʔ, səmba and tuaʔ Transcription 00:53:43.409 00:53:49.522 Yeah. Transcription 00:53:49.522 00:53:57.872 And this, this, these terms, səmba and tuaʔ, it must be, it's usually the siblings of your parents. Transcription 00:53:57.872 00:53:58.972 Yeah. Transcription 00:53:58.972 00:54:08.072 So, um, you wouldn't use, would you use those terms if you're trying to be polite to someone, and they're just, like, a little bit older than you? Transcription 00:54:08.072 00:54:12.372 Would you use, like, səmba for that? Transcription 00:54:12.372 00:54:18.634 Um, I, no, I don't think so, because it has to be a bit specific, I can't call anyone səmba. Transcription 00:54:18.634 00:54:30.897 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:54:30.897 00:54:35.709 Uh, do you, so, um, in, some, in, like, in... Transcription 00:54:35.709 00:54:47.447 Indonesian and Melayu, you sometimes use, well very very often, use, like, bapak and ibu to be respectful for other people. Do you do the same thing in Bidayuh? Transcription 00:54:47.447 00:54:57.297 Mm... yeah, um... I... Transcription 00:54:57.297 00:55:03.622 I think we just avoid, like, saying their title, especially if you don't know them. Transcription 00:55:03.622 00:55:08.959 So, one thing I've realised, that if you are not sure if they are younger or older, you use the word... Transcription 00:55:08.959 00:55:09.659 ŋa Transcription 00:55:09.659 00:55:15.434 Which is like, for, it means, it's a plural, it's plural you, like, yeah. Transcription 00:55:15.434 00:55:22.484 You can use that word, yeah. / Oh, yeah! Okay, we have talked about this before, 'cause there is, there's am, which is like the polite version of the word you. Transcription 00:55:22.484 00:55:25.259 But you said you could also use the plural version, as well. Transcription 00:55:25.259 00:55:28.109 Yeah, am is, it must be for older. Transcription 00:55:28.109 00:55:29.459 am has to be for older? Transcription 00:55:29.459 00:55:36.959 Yeah, but ŋa is more neutral hhhhhh Transcription 00:55:36.959 00:55:44.597 Okay, so if you're just trying to be polite, but it's not necessarily, like, it's to someone that you're, like, you might actually be younger than me, you would use ŋa? Transcription 00:55:44.597 00:55:49.284 Yeah, yeah, you can say that, yeah. Transcription 00:55:49.284 00:55:53.034 But if you know they're older, you could use am? Transcription 00:55:53.034 00:55:58.547 Um, okay, it's a bit h it's a bit finnicky, you know, I mean... Transcription 00:55:58.547 00:55:59.534 Oh no! Transcription 00:55:59.534 00:56:06.309 Like because, like, someone can be older, like for example, my... Transcription 00:56:06.309 00:56:14.472 I have like, my cousin, he can be like 40 years old, and then, um, I cannot call him am. Transcription 00:56:14.472 00:56:18.497 Because he's my cousin, I just call him u, yeah. Transcription 00:56:18.497 00:56:23.284 It's more like kinship level, than actual, like, yeah. Transcription 00:56:23.284 00:56:27.934 Okay, so what's an example of someone that you would always use am with? Transcription 00:56:27.934 00:56:35.734 am, okay, so, um, am will be used for, um, uncle, aunties, grandma, parents. Transcription 00:56:35.734 00:56:39.834 Oh, okay, okay, so it's more the relationship to you. Transcription 00:56:39.834 00:56:40.509 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:56:40.509 00:56:51.209 Okay, okay, but on- is it only for your own parents and uncles, or would you use it for someone else's, as well? Transcription 00:56:51.209 00:57:02.772 Yeah, but, okay, so, if I have a friend, and their parents, I have a friend and their parent is, okay... Transcription 00:57:02.772 00:57:08.634 So if I don't know them, like, personally, I would call their parents am. Transcription 00:57:08.634 00:57:09.159 Okay. Transcription 00:57:09.159 00:57:15.897 But if, for example, um, their parents have, um, like, familial relationship with my family, and then... Transcription 00:57:15.897 00:57:21.972 I know that, they're, my friend's parent is under the kinship level. Transcription 00:57:21.972 00:57:28.697 I have, I have to call them based on that, so if they're my cousin by kinship level, then I have to call u. Transcription 00:57:28.697 00:57:34.447 Okay, okay, okay, so, the thing that takes priority is basically their relationship to you? Transcription 00:57:34.447 00:57:42.097 That's always gonna be the first thing that's most important when referring to somebody, is whether or not they're related to you, and what level of relation they are? Transcription 00:57:42.097 00:57:42.634 Yeah. Transcription 00:57:42.634 00:57:45.447 Oh, okay! Transcription 00:57:45.447 00:57:49.322 I, I have a niece who is the same age as me. Transcription 00:57:49.322 00:57:49.884 Okay. Transcription 00:57:49.884 00:57:57.609 h and I have to call her mo-, her mother is like also my mom's age group, but I have to call her u. Transcription 00:57:57.609 00:58:00.384 Because she's my cousin, you know, it's like, so confusing, yeah. Transcription 00:58:00.384 00:58:04.234 Yeah, okay, okay, that makes sense, interesting, okay. Transcription 00:58:04.234 00:58:10.159 Okay, very, very interesting! Yeah, thank you so much for sharing that with me, I find that... Transcription 00:58:10.159 00:58:18.797 When I was in Indonesia, this was something that was really, really difficult for me, because I was basically being asked to guess people's ages, and then use a term based on that, and I was like... Transcription 00:58:18.797 00:58:23.922 I cannot do that, so my first year, I just called every woman I met bu. Transcription 00:58:23.922 00:58:31.622 Instead of, like, saying, like kaʔ, or anything like that, and they all kinda like laughed at me, I mean, people were so nice. But my second year, I started to adjust. Transcription 00:58:31.622 00:58:38.772 I listened to what, like, people my own age would say, and I would be like, okay, I don't need to call her bu, I can call her older sister, because she's only like two years older than me. Transcription 00:58:38.772 00:58:44.172 But my first year, I was like, oh, I don't want to mess up! And I just referred to everybody as bu hhh Transcription 00:58:44.172 00:58:45.159 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:58:45.159 00:58:50.047 hh it was just, because I don't come from, like in English, we don't do that at all, so it was... Transcription 00:58:50.047 00:58:58.022 And I wanted to be really respectful, like, that was the most important thing to me, was to make sure that people understood that, I wanted to respect them, and respect the language I was using, so. Transcription 00:58:58.022 00:59:03.272 So, it was super important to me, and I was so nervous about it, I was like, whoo hhhhh Transcription 00:59:03.272 00:59:11.209 And a lot of the little kinda would call me, like, auntie, like tante, they would call me tante, so, that's why I kind of wondered if you used the word [simba] to like... Transcription 00:59:11.209 00:59:16.834 Like when kids use that to refer to people that are older than them that they aren't actually related to. Transcription 00:59:16.834 00:59:26.284 Yeah, I, yeah I think Malay have its own strategies to do that, but it's different for Bidayuh, we don't have the same way, yeah. Transcription 00:59:26.284 00:59:34.659 Yeah, and that's why I asked about it, 'cause I was curious if it was different or not, and it definitely is, is, uh, unique to your culture, which is super cool. Transcription 00:59:34.659 00:59:41.084 Well, after that whole conversation, uh, we are officially out of time! So, I'm gonna stop the recording. Transcription 00:59:41.084 00:59:43.296 Okay.