Transcription 00:00:00.000 00:00:02.138 Transcription 00:00:02.138 00:00:12.113 Okay, so, um, I think there's a, there's... Transcription 00:00:12.113 00:00:16.888 I'm mostly just gonna be asking for words and sentences today. Transcription 00:00:16.888 00:00:19.363 Okay. Transcription 00:00:19.363 00:00:27.713 I have a few things here that I wanted to talk about, um, the first thing that I wanted to double-check... Transcription 00:00:27.713 00:00:37.113 Um, cause I was looking at the notes from the session that you did, uh, the last one you did with Carly. Transcription 00:00:37.113 00:00:47.963 Um, and there were some sentences in there where you used the word, um, like to die or dead. Transcription 00:00:47.963 00:00:54.213 Um, can you repeat that word for me? How do you say, like, dead? Transcription 00:00:54.213 00:01:01.176 Okay, so both dead, like d, e, a, d, dead, being dead, and also to die, is... Transcription 00:01:01.176 00:01:02.326 kəbos Transcription 00:01:02.326 00:01:05.126 k, e, b, o, s, kəbos Transcription 00:01:05.126 00:01:06.163 kəbos? Transcription 00:01:06.163 00:01:14.513 Yes, kəbos, so, uh, both the adjective and also the verb is kəbos. And then there's a noun. Transcription 00:01:14.513 00:01:19.351 If you add the word piɲi in front of it, p, i, n, y, i... Transcription 00:01:19.351 00:01:20.463 piɲi kəbos Transcription 00:01:20.463 00:01:29.763 It means death, with the . Transcription 00:01:29.763 00:01:35.913 Could you say something like, uh, piɲi kəbos iʔ, his death? Transcription 00:01:35.913 00:01:37.076 Yes, you can say that. Transcription 00:01:37.076 00:01:50.563 That makes sense? Okay. Transcription 00:01:50.563 00:01:59.238 So how would you say something like, his death, uh, his death saddens me, or something like that? Transcription 00:01:59.238 00:02:05.638 His death makes me sad? Transcription 00:02:05.638 00:02:11.288 Um, piɲi kəbos iʔ... Transcription 00:02:11.288 00:02:16.476 Like, what, make me sad? Sad is... Transcription 00:02:16.476 00:02:23.551 doh senang ti- doh-, wait, um, so, sadness... Transcription 00:02:23.551 00:02:29.751 So sadness, I think it's always has been, like, we always use the Malay word for it, so it's... Transcription 00:02:29.751 00:02:30.988 sədeh Transcription 00:02:30.988 00:02:32.026 sədeh? Transcription 00:02:32.026 00:02:32.976 Yeah. Transcription 00:02:32.976 00:02:41.051 piɲi kəbos iʔ daʔ kuʔ sədeh Transcription 00:02:41.051 00:02:44.201 piɲi kəbos iʔ [taʔ] kuʔ sədeh? Transcription 00:02:44.201 00:02:45.801 Yes. Transcription 00:02:45.801 00:02:48.026 Okay, so that's... / Or doh... Transcription 00:02:48.026 00:02:53.501 You could use, like, I think, perhaps my parents would use like... Transcription 00:02:53.501 00:02:57.451 piɲi kəbos iʔ daʔ kuʔ doh sənaŋ tin Transcription 00:02:57.451 00:02:58.601 sənaŋ tin Transcription 00:02:58.601 00:03:01.463 So sənaŋ is, um, I think the word, it means like... Transcription 00:03:01.463 00:03:02.413 sənaŋ? Mhm / Easy. Transcription 00:03:02.413 00:03:07.213 Yeah, and then tin is heart, like, my heart. Transcription 00:03:07.213 00:03:16.213 Okay, so, wait, wait, heart is like an interpretation, but tin means liver, like, it's actually liver, yeah. Transcription 00:03:16.213 00:03:27.138 Uh, let's see... Can you say that sentence again? piɲi kəbos iʔ... What was it? Transcription 00:03:27.138 00:03:39.588 daʔ- daʔ kuʔ doh sənaŋ tin Transcription 00:03:39.588 00:03:48.163 Okay, let me see if I got this right. piɲi kəbos iʔ [taʔ] kuʔ [ndoʔ] sənaŋ [tiŋ] Transcription 00:03:48.163 00:03:56.363 Yes, doh, d, o, h, like the, not. kuʔ doh, yeah. Transcription 00:03:56.363 00:04:02.451 Oh, oh, oh, oh, okay. So kuʔ doh sənaŋ [tiŋ] Transcription 00:04:02.451 00:04:09.663 Yes. Transcription 00:04:09.663 00:04:40.088 So doh sənaŋ tin just means uneasy, or just, it makes me uneasy. Transcription 00:04:40.088 00:04:49.138 Okay, that's good, I just wanted to double-check that word, uh, so that, so, uh... Transcription 00:04:49.138 00:05:08.013 Yeah, that works. Transcription 00:05:08.013 00:05:16.988 How do you say, um, like he is standing? Transcription 00:05:16.988 00:05:18.363 He is standing? Transcription 00:05:18.363 00:05:19.538 Mhm. Transcription 00:05:19.538 00:05:22.213 yoh məjuə̯g Transcription 00:05:22.213 00:05:23.201 yoh Transcription 00:05:23.201 00:05:24.626 Mhm? Transcription 00:05:24.626 00:05:26.313 məjuə̯g Transcription 00:05:26.313 00:05:27.576 [məjug]? Transcription 00:05:27.576 00:05:29.326 Yeah, məjuə̯g Transcription 00:05:29.326 00:05:42.313 I think it's like, m, e, j, u, e, g, I think, məjuə̯g, or a, g, yeah, məjuə̯g. Transcription 00:05:42.313 00:05:45.426 And that means he's just standing up? Transcription 00:05:45.426 00:05:50.626 Yeah, standing. / He's already standing, uh... Transcription 00:05:50.626 00:05:56.413 So I guess if I say, yoh məjuə̯g, he's just like standing over there? Transcription 00:05:56.413 00:05:57.463 Yeah. Transcription 00:05:57.463 00:06:02.963 How would you say he stands up? Transcription 00:06:02.963 00:06:04.876 Yeah, you'll still use the same sentence. Transcription 00:06:04.876 00:06:06.763 You use the same thing? Uh-huh. Transcription 00:06:06.763 00:06:09.976 I think the context will give meaning to that sentence. Transcription 00:06:09.976 00:06:17.426 Context? Okay. Transcription 00:06:17.426 00:06:28.138 How about, um, to stand something up? Transcription 00:06:28.138 00:06:30.213 Uh, okay, you can, I think it's... Transcription 00:06:30.213 00:06:31.001 pijuə̯g Transcription 00:06:31.001 00:06:32.251 pijuə̯g Transcription 00:06:32.251 00:06:35.138 p, i, then, j, u, e, g Transcription 00:06:35.138 00:06:36.888 pijuə̯g Transcription 00:06:36.888 00:06:44.038 pijuə̯g, so, uh... Transcription 00:06:44.038 00:06:53.088 If there's, like, like a, like a post and I wanted to say, like, they're standing the post up, can I use that word, pijuə̯g? Transcription 00:06:53.088 00:06:53.988 Yes. Transcription 00:06:53.988 00:06:58.588 Can you make a sentence like that for me? Transcription 00:06:58.588 00:07:04.326 Um, pijuə̯g, tiaŋ, okay, so, um, you can say... Transcription 00:07:04.326 00:07:07.438 kuʔ pijuə̯g tiaŋ atiʔ di noʔ Transcription 00:07:07.438 00:07:08.576 kuʔ... Transcription 00:07:08.576 00:07:09.526 Mhm. Transcription 00:07:09.526 00:07:12.576 pijuə̯g tiaŋ... Transcription 00:07:12.576 00:07:13.763 tiaŋ, yeah. Transcription 00:07:13.763 00:07:15.213 Yeah, so... Transcription 00:07:15.213 00:07:20.013 So, tiaŋ atiʔ di noʔ. Transcription 00:07:20.013 00:07:25.101 So, I stand the pillar, this pillar there. Transcription 00:07:25.101 00:07:28.513 kuʔ pijuə̯g tiaŋ anoʔ- uh, atiʔ di noʔ Transcription 00:07:28.513 00:07:29.976 Yeah. Transcription 00:07:29.976 00:07:32.776 kuʔ pijuə̯g tiaŋ atiʔ di noʔ? Transcription 00:07:32.776 00:07:47.463 Yes. Transcription 00:07:47.463 00:07:55.388 kuʔ, um... Transcription 00:07:55.388 00:08:04.326 Could you say something like, uh, the pillar has already been stood up, or something similar to that? Transcription 00:08:04.326 00:08:11.263 Okay, so you can say, tiaŋ... Okay, this pillar or that pillar? So maybe, okay, I'll use this pillar, yeah. / Either way, hh. Transcription 00:08:11.263 00:08:19.913 tiaŋ atiʔ mboh duə̯g pijuə̯g Transcription 00:08:19.913 00:08:22.701 [tiə̯ŋ] atiʔ mboh [atuə̯g]? Transcription 00:08:22.701 00:08:28.351 mboh duə̯g, d, u, e, g, duə̯g Transcription 00:08:28.351 00:08:36.963 tiaŋ atiʔ mboh duə̯g pijuə̯g Transcription 00:08:36.963 00:08:40.651 [tiə̯ŋ] atiʔ mboh duə̯g pijuə̯g Transcription 00:08:40.651 00:08:43.051 Yes. Transcription 00:08:43.051 00:09:05.238 Okay, tiaŋ atiʔ... Transcription 00:09:05.238 00:09:09.988 [tiə̯ŋ] atiʔ mboh duə̯g pijuə̯g Transcription 00:09:09.988 00:09:13.201 So that, that, that duə̯g, that's d, u, e, g? Transcription 00:09:13.201 00:09:14.013 Mhm. Transcription 00:09:14.013 00:09:15.463 That's how you would spell that? Transcription 00:09:15.463 00:09:21.576 Yeah, d, u, e, g, that's how I'll spell it, it means like, the Malay equivalent would be kəna. Transcription 00:09:21.576 00:09:37.326 kəna, yeah, okay. Transcription 00:09:37.326 00:09:41.389 How about the word, uh, fall down? Transcription 00:09:41.389 00:09:42.539 rəbuʔ Transcription 00:09:42.539 00:09:49.739 r, e, b, u, k, yeah, rəbuʔ Transcription 00:09:49.739 00:09:57.926 Does, rəbuʔ, does that refer to like, a person falling over, or like, like a fruit falling from a tree, for example? Transcription 00:09:57.926 00:10:02.076 Yeah, so, so, you can use rəbuʔ for people and things... Transcription 00:10:02.076 00:10:06.014 Anything? / Even fruits, yeah, anything, yeah. Transcription 00:10:06.014 00:10:08.864 What's the word for fruit? Transcription 00:10:08.864 00:10:09.864 buaʔ Transcription 00:10:09.864 00:10:17.914 buaʔ? Transcription 00:10:17.914 00:10:18.689 Yes. Transcription 00:10:18.689 00:10:42.089 The fruit already fell down? Transcription 00:10:42.089 00:10:44.739 What about, to drop something? Transcription 00:10:44.739 00:10:48.339 To drop something, um... Transcription 00:10:48.339 00:10:55.914 Like, I, instead of the fruit falling down, you could say like he dropped the fruit, like, intentionally. Transcription 00:10:55.914 00:10:59.476 Okay, so there's two ways that I've heard it, um, being said, so one is... Transcription 00:10:59.476 00:11:00.614 daʔ rəbuʔ Transcription 00:11:00.614 00:11:06.889 Which is to make, or to instruct it to fall, and then the, yeah, and then the other one is... Transcription 00:11:06.889 00:11:08.039 pərabuʔ Transcription 00:11:08.039 00:11:09.126 pərabuʔ Transcription 00:11:09.126 00:11:14.364 It's like the word rəbuʔ with the [pə] sound, like, pərabuʔ. Transcription 00:11:14.364 00:11:15.214 pərabuʔ? Transcription 00:11:15.214 00:11:18.214 Yeah. Transcription 00:11:18.214 00:11:20.814 You say it pərəbuʔ, like that? Transcription 00:11:20.814 00:11:22.289 Yeah, pərə- pərəbuʔ, yeah. Transcription 00:11:22.289 00:11:22.814 pərəbuʔ Transcription 00:11:22.814 00:11:28.701 pərəbuʔ Transcription 00:11:28.701 00:11:31.989 So, mh... Transcription 00:11:31.989 00:11:36.626 If I wanted to say, um... Transcription 00:11:36.626 00:11:45.889 He dropped the fruit, with either one of those words, can you make a sentence with each of those words? Transcription 00:11:45.889 00:11:48.264 Okay, so... Transcription 00:11:48.264 00:11:52.801 yoh daʔ buaʔ anoʔ rəbuʔ Transcription 00:11:52.801 00:11:54.814 yoh... Transcription 00:11:54.814 00:11:56.414 daʔ... Transcription 00:11:56.414 00:12:03.714 buaʔ anoʔ rəbuʔ Transcription 00:12:03.714 00:12:04.876 Yeah. Transcription 00:12:04.876 00:12:07.201 And then the next one would be... Transcription 00:12:07.201 00:12:59.739 yoh pərəbuʔ buaʔ anoʔ Transcription 00:12:59.739 00:13:05.701 How about, um, to hit? Hit? Transcription 00:13:05.701 00:13:06.901 Hit? Transcription 00:13:06.901 00:13:07.589 niʔ Transcription 00:13:07.589 00:13:08.626 niʔ Transcription 00:13:08.626 00:13:10.101 niʔ? Transcription 00:13:10.101 00:13:20.364 niʔ Transcription 00:13:20.364 00:13:24.864 So, he hit me, would be like, yoh niʔ kuʔ? Transcription 00:13:24.864 00:13:25.664 Yes. Transcription 00:13:25.664 00:13:31.651 yoh niʔ kuʔ Transcription 00:13:31.651 00:13:35.639 So hit here, niʔ, just means like, I think it's more of a hand action. Transcription 00:13:35.639 00:13:38.889 Like if a car is to hit you, then I think you would use the word... Transcription 00:13:38.889 00:13:40.001 duə̯g Transcription 00:13:40.001 00:13:51.439 The kəna, yeah. But if a car hit you, then it's duə̯g. niʔ is more like, like hand action, he beat me, like, almost, yeah. Transcription 00:13:51.439 00:13:56.476 So, so, niʔ, is that like an open-hand slap or is that like punching somebody, or just like... Transcription 00:13:56.476 00:13:57.951 As if you're hitting somebody? / I think it's more general. Transcription 00:13:57.951 00:13:58.814 General? Transcription 00:13:58.814 00:13:59.851 Yeah. Transcription 00:13:59.851 00:14:02.851 And then the other word, [tuə̯k]? Transcription 00:14:02.851 00:14:04.301 duə̯g, duə̯g, the one, the same one... Transcription 00:14:04.301 00:14:04.926 [tuə̯k]? Transcription 00:14:04.926 00:14:10.226 kəna, yeah. Transcription 00:14:10.226 00:14:16.514 Oh... Transcription 00:14:16.514 00:14:19.864 Like if someone were to... / Spelled d, u, e, g, that word? Transcription 00:14:19.864 00:14:43.051 Yes, that same one, so if someone were to, like, throw something and one of the things, like, hit you, you would use the word duə̯g also. Transcription 00:14:43.051 00:14:48.264 So how- how would you use that in a sentence, like, a car hit me? Transcription 00:14:48.264 00:14:54.326 Wait, so, wait, if a car, so if a car hit you, no, I think the word would be... Transcription 00:14:54.326 00:14:55.264 maŋgar Transcription 00:14:55.264 00:14:56.326 maŋgar, which mean like... Transcription 00:14:56.326 00:14:57.214 maŋgar? Transcription 00:14:57.214 00:15:00.676 Yes, that same like laŋgar, the Malay word, yeah. Transcription 00:15:00.676 00:15:14.089 But duə̯g is more like, if, like it hit, no you can still use that in a sentence with a car, for example, like the car, it tries to avoid you but it still hit you, so... Transcription 00:15:14.089 00:15:21.689 moto noʔ duə̯g moto kuʔ Transcription 00:15:21.689 00:15:23.989 moto noʔ duə̯g...? Transcription 00:15:23.989 00:15:28.139 ku?, yeah, if it hits you, like physically, you yourself, then say kuʔ. Transcription 00:15:28.139 00:15:38.176 And if you want to say it hit my car, so it will be, duə̯g motoʔ kuʔ. Transcription 00:15:38.176 00:15:47.301 So in that situation, with duə̯g motoʔ kuʔ, that's like, the car didn't mean to hit you, but like, it just accidentally hit you? Transcription 00:15:47.301 00:15:51.951 Or like, they were trying to avoid you, and it hit you? Transcription 00:15:51.951 00:15:58.501 Yeah, you could say that, but, it's not like entirely because it's an accident. Transcription 00:15:58.501 00:16:04.151 Like, even if you do it on purpose, you can still use duə̯g. Transcription 00:16:04.151 00:16:08.839 Okay. Transcription 00:16:08.839 00:16:18.664 But I feel like duə̯g is more like a general, it hit me, like, so maŋgar is more specific, like you're driving to, like laŋgar, yeah. Transcription 00:16:18.664 00:16:27.214 Yeah, yeah, yeah, uh... Transcription 00:16:27.214 00:16:33.514 So, if, so, what other type of sentence would you use duə̯g? Transcription 00:16:33.514 00:16:39.864 Like, hit by, like, I throw something at you and it hits you? Like that? Transcription 00:16:39.864 00:16:41.264 Yeah. Transcription 00:16:41.264 00:16:44.839 So can you make a sentence like that with duə̯g? Like... Transcription 00:16:44.839 00:16:45.414 Okay. Transcription 00:16:45.414 00:16:49.764 batuh anoʔ duə̯g kuʔ Transcription 00:16:49.764 00:16:56.264 So, the stone hit me. Transcription 00:16:56.264 00:16:58.214 [batoʔ] anoʔ duə̯g kuʔ? Transcription 00:16:58.214 00:16:59.114 batuh Transcription 00:16:59.114 00:17:01.326 b, a, t, u, h, batuh. Transcription 00:17:01.326 00:17:11.939 Oh, batuh, sorry. Transcription 00:17:11.939 00:17:21.451 So how would you say, I was hit by the stone? Transcription 00:17:21.451 00:17:23.801 Mm, ba- bat... Transcription 00:17:23.801 00:17:27.589 batuh anoʔ, I- I-, the first one was batuh anoʔ duə̯g kuʔ, right? Transcription 00:17:27.589 00:17:28.426 Yeah, yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:17:28.426 00:17:35.514 With the stone, it, I was hit by the stone... Transcription 00:17:35.514 00:17:38.701 Ah, you'll use, I think you can use niʔ here. Transcription 00:17:38.701 00:17:43.801 kuʔ duə̯g niʔ batuh Transcription 00:17:43.801 00:17:45.951 batuh? Transcription 00:17:45.951 00:17:49.514 kuʔ duə̯g niʔ batuh Transcription 00:17:49.514 00:17:55.439 So, I is the subject of the sentence, um, um... Transcription 00:17:55.439 00:18:02.226 kuʔ duə̯g niʔ batuh Transcription 00:18:02.226 00:18:09.564 So now it is like, I got hit by the stone, yeah. Transcription 00:18:09.564 00:18:17.539 Okay, so... kuʔ duə̯g niʔ batuh? Transcription 00:18:17.539 00:18:19.689 Yeah. Transcription 00:18:19.689 00:18:29.439 kuʔ duə̯g niʔ batuh Transcription 00:18:29.439 00:18:44.114 Okay, so I guess, yeah, because like before, we had this like, uh... Transcription 00:18:44.114 00:18:55.289 Like duə̯g, like uh... tiaŋ atiʔ mboh duə̯g tijuə̯g, so like, you can use duə̯g sometimes to make, like, kind of like a passive sentence. Transcription 00:18:55.289 00:18:57.701 Mm, yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:18:57.701 00:19:03.851 But I guess it would be weird to say like, kuʔ duə̯g duə̯g batuh? Transcription 00:19:03.851 00:19:06.051 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:19:06.051 00:19:07.001 Okay. Transcription 00:19:07.001 00:19:08.339 You, I think you could just say... Transcription 00:19:08.339 00:19:10.301 kuʔ duə̯g batuh Transcription 00:19:10.301 00:19:11.576 Yeah. Transcription 00:19:11.576 00:19:13.052 You could say that? Transcription 00:19:13.052 00:19:13.539 Yeah. Transcription 00:19:13.539 00:19:14.389 kuʔ duə̯g batuh Transcription 00:19:14.389 00:19:17.802 kuʔ duə̯g batuh Transcription 00:19:17.802 00:19:26.752 Yeah, you could say that, but usually, I just, I also heard it with the niʔ in the sentence, yeah. Transcription 00:19:26.752 00:19:30.264 Yeah, but kuʔ duə̯g batuh still makes sense, and it sounds normal. Transcription 00:19:30.264 00:19:45.802 Okay. Transcription 00:19:45.802 00:19:53.552 And, if I want to say, like, he was hit by the stone, I could say something like, yoh duə̯g [batuʔ]? Or batuh, yoh duə̯g batuh? Transcription 00:19:53.552 00:19:54.064 Ah yeah. Transcription 00:19:54.064 00:19:54.777 yoh duə̯g batuh Transcription 00:19:54.777 00:19:55.889 Yes. Transcription 00:19:55.889 00:20:15.827 yoh duə̯g batuh... Okay. Transcription 00:20:15.827 00:20:27.277 I think duə̯g is very, like, it's almost like very universal, you can use it for water splashes too, like, if like a water splash like, it hits you, you can use the same word, duə̯g. Transcription 00:20:27.277 00:20:31.327 kuʔ duə̯g pəʔin Transcription 00:20:31.327 00:20:44.139 kuʔ duə̯g [piʔin], okay. Transcription 00:20:44.139 00:20:48.902 It's also a euphemism for getting your period. Transcription 00:20:48.902 00:20:51.777 I see, okay. Transcription 00:20:51.777 00:20:57.402 And also, if you were to win, like, a lottery, you would use this word too. Transcription 00:20:57.402 00:21:11.977 You hit, yeah, okay, I mean like you hit the jackpot, sort of like in English, you can say something like that. Transcription 00:21:11.977 00:21:16.639 What if, like, you're aiming for something, and you hit your target? Can you use duə̯g? Transcription 00:21:16.639 00:21:17.914 Yes, yes. Transcription 00:21:17.914 00:21:28.527 Okay, yeah, that makes sense. Transcription 00:21:28.527 00:21:34.539 So, if, if kuʔ duə̯g pəʔin means the water, I was splashed by water... Transcription 00:21:34.539 00:21:35.214 Mm. Transcription 00:21:35.214 00:21:40.089 Can I just switch those around and say, pəʔin duə̯g kuʔ, the water splashed me? Transcription 00:21:40.089 00:21:40.802 Yes. Transcription 00:21:40.802 00:21:48.139 So tech- so like technically, kuʔ duə̯g pəʔin and pəʔin duə̯g kuʔ both mean the same thing? Transcription 00:21:48.139 00:21:49.589 Mm, yeah. Transcription 00:21:49.589 00:22:02.464 Okay, that's, that's interesting. Transcription 00:22:02.464 00:22:11.502 And before, when you said, uh... kuʔ duə̯g niʔ batuh, that niʔ right there means hit? Transcription 00:22:11.502 00:22:12.452 Yes. Transcription 00:22:12.452 00:22:20.352 So that's like, that's like a, a, like a passive passive, I was hit by the stone? Transcription 00:22:20.352 00:22:24.739 But that niʔ right there also means, like, to hit with the hands, right? Transcription 00:22:24.739 00:22:29.539 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:22:29.539 00:22:33.702 But you can use it in this case to mean that the stone hit you. Transcription 00:22:33.702 00:22:34.739 Yeah. Transcription 00:22:34.739 00:22:36.989 Okay. Transcription 00:22:36.989 00:22:39.014 Seems like a personification thing. Transcription 00:22:39.014 00:22:43.164 Mhm. Transcription 00:22:43.164 00:22:48.264 So then, I guess you could say something like kuʔ duə̯g niʔ yoh, I was hit by him? Transcription 00:22:48.264 00:23:17.914 Yes. Transcription 00:23:17.914 00:23:21.777 How about, um, to stab? Transcription 00:23:21.777 00:23:22.602 Stab? Transcription 00:23:22.602 00:23:24.439 Mhm. Transcription 00:23:24.439 00:23:25.364 Oh, okay, this word... Transcription 00:23:25.364 00:23:26.714 cuə̯ʔ Transcription 00:23:26.714 00:23:27.202 cuə̯ʔ? Transcription 00:23:27.202 00:23:28.302 cuə̯ʔ, yeah. Transcription 00:23:28.302 00:23:30.014 Oh, cuə̯ʔ. / I think it's... Transcription 00:23:30.014 00:23:30.802 cuə̯ʔ h Transcription 00:23:30.802 00:23:38.864 How do you spell it? I don't know if it's the with a , but uh, it feels like, it sounds like it has a [tʃʰ] sound, cuə̯ʔ. Transcription 00:23:38.864 00:23:39.614 Yeah, so... Transcription 00:23:39.614 00:23:43.564 c, h, u, then e, k, I think, yup. Transcription 00:23:43.564 00:23:44.314 Yeah. Transcription 00:23:44.314 00:23:53.064 Yeah, cuə̯ʔ, cuə̯ʔ. Transcription 00:23:53.064 00:23:59.589 So, if you said like, something like, he stabbed the pig, how would you say that? Transcription 00:23:59.589 00:24:01.514 yoh cuə̯ʔ yuə̯ʔ Transcription 00:24:01.514 00:24:04.664 h sounds really similar hh Transcription 00:24:04.664 00:24:07.264 Wait, so, so, what- Transcription 00:24:07.264 00:24:08.864 What was that again, sorry? Transcription 00:24:08.864 00:24:17.427 So, yoh cuə̯ʔ, then yuə̯ʔ, I think, y- y, u, e, k, or yuə̯ʔ... Transcription 00:24:17.427 00:24:20.977 yuə̯ʔ? / y, u, a, k, maybe, yuə̯ʔ, yuə̯ʔ Transcription 00:24:20.977 00:24:21.752 yuə̯ʔ? Transcription 00:24:21.752 00:24:24.002 yuə̯ʔ, yeah. Transcription 00:24:24.002 00:24:33.202 Maybe it's u, e, I think, u-, uh, y, u, e, k, yeah, yuə̯ʔ. Transcription 00:24:33.202 00:24:35.464 yuə̯ʔ, yuə̯ʔ. Transcription 00:24:35.464 00:24:35.964 yuə̯ʔ? Transcription 00:24:35.964 00:24:41.214 Transcription 00:24:41.214 00:24:45.714 So that's like, that's like the, like a pig, what about like, a boar? Transcription 00:24:45.714 00:24:51.252 Boar? Yeah, I think still use, we use the same word, yuə̯ʔ also. Transcription 00:24:51.252 00:24:52.664 But so, I think... Transcription 00:24:52.664 00:24:53.302 yuə̯ʔ tərun Transcription 00:24:53.302 00:24:57.814 Yeah, so, for boar, I think wild boar usually, it's still yuə̯ʔ trun. Transcription 00:24:57.814 00:24:58.277 yuə̯ʔ tərun / tərun? Transcription 00:24:58.277 00:25:00.727 tərun, yeah, which is forest, like, yeah. Transcription 00:25:00.727 00:25:01.602 Yeah, so... Transcription 00:25:01.602 00:25:02.827 Yeah. Transcription 00:25:02.827 00:25:04.564 Forest pig. Transcription 00:25:04.564 00:25:13.314 Yeah, yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:25:13.314 00:25:25.202 So, if I wanted to say, the pig was stabbed, I could say, yuə̯ʔ duə̯g cuə̯ʔ yoh? The pig was stabbed by him? Transcription 00:25:25.202 00:25:29.164 Uh yeah, but okay, but I think you have to use iʔ at the end. Transcription 00:25:29.164 00:25:32.114 yuə̯ʔ- like... Transcription 00:25:32.114 00:25:34.914 yuə̯ʔ duə̯g cuə̯ʔ iʔ Transcription 00:25:34.914 00:25:43.864 * duə̯g cuə̯ʔ yoh, duə̯g cuə̯ʔ yoh, like yeah... Transcription 00:25:43.864 00:25:48.339 duə̯g cuə̯ʔ yoh, right, duə̯g cuə̯ʔ yoh feels like... Transcription 00:25:48.339 00:25:56.089 We'll go with the best one, yeah, the one that sounds natural, yeah. Transcription 00:25:56.089 00:26:00.589 If I use yoh there, does it not sound natural? Transcription 00:26:00.589 00:26:06.577 Yeah... yeah because now, yeah, I think Transcription 00:26:06.577 00:26:08.602 It should be in the beginning of the sentence, like... Transcription 00:26:08.602 00:26:21.527 Yeah. Transcription 00:26:21.527 00:26:24.877 Do you know what the word is for blowpipe? Transcription 00:26:24.877 00:26:25.977 Blowpipe... Transcription 00:26:25.977 00:26:27.327 sumpit? Transcription 00:26:27.327 00:26:28.852 sumpit, yeah. Transcription 00:26:28.852 00:26:32.177 I think it's like a variation of that somewhat, I think it's... Transcription 00:26:32.177 00:26:32.764 səpit Transcription 00:26:32.764 00:26:33.277 səpit Transcription 00:26:33.277 00:26:35.727 supit Transcription 00:26:35.727 00:26:41.564 I'm, okay, I'm not so sure, I think it's like along the lines of... Transcription 00:26:41.564 00:26:42.264 səpit Transcription 00:26:42.264 00:26:42.977 supit Transcription 00:26:42.977 00:26:44.202 səpit? Ah. Transcription 00:26:44.202 00:26:51.252 Yeah, I think the nasal sound, the m sound is dropped, something like səpit supit, yeah səpit or supit, something like that. Transcription 00:26:51.252 00:26:52.427 Ah. Transcription 00:26:52.427 00:26:55.714 My, hold on, my doorbell is going off. I'll be right back. Transcription 00:26:55.714 00:27:02.327 Okay, alright, sure. Transcription 00:27:02.327 00:27:03.127 Transcription 00:27:03.127 00:27:03.827 Transcription 00:27:03.827 00:27:04.877 Transcription 00:27:04.877 00:27:05.689 Transcription 00:27:05.689 00:27:07.939 Transcription 00:27:07.939 00:27:14.639 Transcription 00:27:14.639 00:27:16.027 Transcription 00:27:16.027 00:27:18.677 Transcription 00:27:18.677 00:27:22.752 Transcription 00:27:22.752 00:27:23.802 Transcription 00:27:23.802 00:27:28.352 Transcription 00:27:28.352 00:27:32.189 Transcription 00:27:32.189 00:27:33.002 Transcription 00:27:33.002 00:27:41.852 Transcription 00:27:41.852 00:27:45.839 Transcription 00:27:45.839 00:27:47.564 Transcription 00:27:47.564 00:27:57.089 Transcription 00:27:57.089 00:27:59.039 Transcription 00:27:59.039 00:27:59.727 Transcription 00:27:59.727 00:28:00.489 Transcription 00:28:00.489 00:28:01.539 Transcription 00:28:01.539 00:28:02.339 Transcription 00:28:02.339 00:28:05.602 Transcription 00:28:05.602 00:28:06.827 Transcription 00:28:06.827 00:28:08.364 Transcription 00:28:08.364 00:28:10.527 Transcription 00:28:10.527 00:28:12.327 Transcription 00:28:12.327 00:28:15.227 Transcription 00:28:15.227 00:28:19.114 Transcription 00:28:19.114 00:28:22.264 Okay, I think it, I think it's fine now. Transcription 00:28:22.264 00:28:25.052 I'm getting a lot of deliveries today, sorry, hh Transcription 00:28:25.052 00:28:26.502 No, no problem. Transcription 00:28:26.502 00:28:31.414 Um, let's see... Transcription 00:28:31.414 00:28:36.389 Okay, so səpit is blowpipe. Transcription 00:28:36.389 00:28:42.577 Uh, do you know how to say, to, to like shoot a blowpipe? Transcription 00:28:42.577 00:28:44.052 To...? Transcription 00:28:44.052 00:28:50.227 Like ac-, to do the action? Transcription 00:28:50.227 00:28:58.377 I'm not so sure... / No, it's kind of a, yeah, it's a, more of a, not really a city activity, but... Transcription 00:28:58.377 00:29:00.977 səpit, ɲəpit Transcription 00:29:00.977 00:29:13.777 Okay, so if, if the word is, if the verb, uh if the blowpipe is supit or something like that, so I will, I think the verb would be to... Transcription 00:29:13.777 00:29:16.765 Change the s into a ny sound, [ɲ] sound, so... Transcription 00:29:16.765 00:29:17.615 ɲəpit Transcription 00:29:17.615 00:29:21.077 ... or something. Transcription 00:29:21.077 00:29:22.777 ɲəpit? Transcription 00:29:22.777 00:29:23.627 Yeah. Transcription 00:29:23.627 00:29:26.940 Okay. Transcription 00:29:26.940 00:29:36.877 I'm, I'm just like, I'm deducing what it would be, because like the sound, usually in Bidayuh, it will be reduced to just, like... Transcription 00:29:36.877 00:29:43.252 The

sound, like the word səmpit, in BIdayuh is just səpit, səpit, like səpit, uh, səpit yeah. Transcription 00:29:43.252 00:29:45.815 Yeah. Transcription 00:29:45.815 00:29:48.590 But really not sure what it is, actually. Transcription 00:29:48.590 00:29:54.715 But, just sort of like, based off- on your intuition, you think it would probably be ɲəpit? Transcription 00:29:54.715 00:29:56.215 Yes, yes. Transcription 00:29:56.215 00:30:08.652 Okay. Transcription 00:30:08.652 00:30:13.502 Even though you don't, you haven't necessarily, you don't have experience with that word? Transcription 00:30:13.502 00:30:14.465 Yeah. Transcription 00:30:14.465 00:30:25.802 Yeah, okay. Transcription 00:30:25.802 00:30:33.852 Um... Transcription 00:30:33.852 00:30:40.352 So, let's see. The word, uh... Transcription 00:30:40.352 00:30:53.052 We have the word pərəbuʔ for fall, um, can you use that word to talk about, uh, a tree falling over? Transcription 00:30:53.052 00:30:54.465 Mm... Transcription 00:30:54.465 00:30:56.515 təŋon kiyuh could pərəbuʔ...? Transcription 00:30:56.515 00:31:05.015 Yeah, yeah, yes. Transcription 00:31:05.015 00:31:11.565 How about to, uh, like, to, to chop down a tree? Transcription 00:31:11.565 00:31:12.752 Okay, so this is... Transcription 00:31:12.752 00:31:13.652 jəpaʔ Transcription 00:31:13.652 00:31:14.652 jəpaʔ Transcription 00:31:14.652 00:31:17.902 j, e, p, a, k Transcription 00:31:17.902 00:31:18.802 jəpaʔ Transcription 00:31:18.802 00:31:20.377 jəpaʔ təŋon kiyuh Transcription 00:31:20.377 00:31:21.740 Yes. Transcription 00:31:21.740 00:31:29.777 jəpaʔ təŋon kiyuh Transcription 00:31:29.777 00:31:31.927 jəpaʔ təŋon [kəyuh]? Transcription 00:31:31.927 00:31:34.327 Yes. Transcription 00:31:34.327 00:31:36.827 So that means to chop down a tree? Transcription 00:31:36.827 00:31:41.777 Yes. Transcription 00:31:41.777 00:31:47.315 Okay, so... Transcription 00:31:47.315 00:31:55.115 So you could say something like, that man is chopping down a tree? How would you say that sentence? Transcription 00:31:55.115 00:32:01.465 bay anoʔ, wait, that man, okay, so, dari... Transcription 00:32:01.465 00:32:09.427 bay anoʔ jəpaʔ təŋon kiyuh Transcription 00:32:09.427 00:32:11.865 So that, that was, bay anoʔ...? Transcription 00:32:11.865 00:32:16.827 bay anoʔ jəpaʔ təŋon kiyuh Transcription 00:32:16.827 00:32:19.352 And bay is man? Transcription 00:32:19.352 00:32:21.265 Okay, so, mm, I think... Transcription 00:32:21.265 00:32:21.752 dari Transcription 00:32:21.752 00:32:24.640 ... means man, dari, but... Transcription 00:32:24.640 00:32:27.802 bay Transcription 00:32:27.802 00:32:34.527 Huh, how do I say this? Okay, so bay is more like that guy, 'cause bay, I think it comes from the word... Transcription 00:32:34.527 00:32:35.052 babay Transcription 00:32:35.052 00:32:37.815 ... which means like grandpa. Transcription 00:32:37.815 00:32:38.627 Grandpa, yeah. Transcription 00:32:38.627 00:32:43.327 Yeah, so, that, so that grandpa, but it's not, it doesn't have to be an old person. Transcription 00:32:43.327 00:32:44.402 Mhm. Transcription 00:32:44.402 00:32:52.527 So, bay anoʔ jəpaʔ təŋon kiyuh, so it's a man yeah. Like yeah, I just realised that the, if it were, if it was a woman, you would use... Transcription 00:32:52.527 00:32:53.577 mbuk anoʔ Transcription 00:32:53.577 00:32:55.215 So mbuk actually comes from the word... Transcription 00:32:55.215 00:32:55.677 sumbuk Transcription 00:32:55.677 00:33:02.277 ... which means grandma too. So I don't know what the connection is, but it's those two things. Transcription 00:33:02.277 00:33:03.977 mbuk anoʔ jəpaʔ təŋon kiyuh Transcription 00:33:03.977 00:33:11.440 That woman is chopping down a tree. Transcription 00:33:11.440 00:33:13.477 k- mb- mbuk... Transcription 00:33:13.477 00:33:14.052 Yeah. Transcription 00:33:14.052 00:33:14.590 mbuk Transcription 00:33:14.590 00:33:16.227 m, b, u, k. m, b, u, k. Transcription 00:33:16.227 00:33:18.677 mbuk Transcription 00:33:18.677 00:33:21.865 So, yeah... Transcription 00:33:21.865 00:33:30.077 The full, uh, like, I think it's connected with the word sumbuk, s, u, m, b, u, k, which means grandma. Transcription 00:33:30.077 00:33:32.777 And the word bay is related to babay? Transcription 00:33:32.777 00:33:34.627 Yes, which means grandpa. Transcription 00:33:34.627 00:33:41.127 So, dari is like, literally, man. Is there a word similar to dari for woman that's just woman? Transcription 00:33:41.127 00:33:41.640 Yes. Transcription 00:33:41.640 00:33:42.602 dayuŋ Transcription 00:33:42.602 00:33:43.715 dayuŋ? Transcription 00:33:43.715 00:33:45.427 Yeah. Transcription 00:33:45.427 00:33:47.765 So... Transcription 00:33:47.765 00:33:55.577 I guess that you wouldn't use bay to refer to, like, a young man, would you? Transcription 00:33:55.577 00:33:56.102 You... Transcription 00:33:56.102 00:33:58.152 Like somebody your age? Transcription 00:33:58.152 00:34:01.815 Yes, someone my age could still be bay anoʔ, yeah. Transcription 00:34:01.815 00:34:04.640 Even you would refer to him as bay anoʔ? Transcription 00:34:04.640 00:34:13.040 Yeah, I think, I think the limit is like children, like, yeah, not- well, okay maybe not children, maybe like... Transcription 00:34:13.040 00:34:15.665 Huh, maybe... / Teenagers maybe? Transcription 00:34:15.665 00:34:17.252 Yeah, yeah, like older teenagers, like... Transcription 00:34:17.252 00:34:20.702 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:34:20.702 00:34:30.115 So, so, so, what if, what if it's me, like, I'm thirty-five, can I still refer to you as bay? Transcription 00:34:30.115 00:34:30.802 Yeah. Transcription 00:34:30.802 00:34:37.690 That would be, even though you're like ten or fifteen years younger than me? Transcription 00:34:37.690 00:34:38.490 Yeah. Transcription 00:34:38.490 00:34:39.527 That's fine? hhh Transcription 00:34:39.527 00:34:40.215 Yeah. Transcription 00:34:40.215 00:34:40.702 Okay. Transcription 00:34:40.702 00:34:41.527 It's fine. Transcription 00:34:41.527 00:34:45.777 Okay, cool, okay. Transcription 00:34:45.777 00:34:48.727 Just, just older than, like, a teenager? Transcription 00:34:48.727 00:34:56.577 Yeah. Transcription 00:34:56.577 00:35:11.402 bay anoʔ, dari anoʔ... hh Transcription 00:35:11.402 00:35:23.552 Uh, so, if I wanted to say, the tree was chopped down, I guess it'd probably be like, [kayuh] anoʔ duə̯g jəpaʔ? Transcription 00:35:23.552 00:35:24.765 Yes. / Something like that? Transcription 00:35:24.765 00:35:26.740 Okay. Transcription 00:35:26.740 00:35:29.727 təŋon [kayuh] anoʔ duə̯g jəpaʔ? Transcription 00:35:29.727 00:35:36.902 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:35:36.902 00:35:44.815 What was the- not kayuh, that, that's just... [kəyuh]? Transcription 00:35:44.815 00:36:08.440 kiyuh, kiyuh Transcription 00:36:08.440 00:36:10.940 Uh, what about throw? Transcription 00:36:10.940 00:36:14.577 Throw? Okay, there's a... Transcription 00:36:14.577 00:36:17.527 There are a few words for... / Like a, like a ball, or something. Transcription 00:36:17.527 00:36:22.652 Throw, throw a ball, this one... Transcription 00:36:22.652 00:36:23.702 jəkad Transcription 00:36:23.702 00:36:28.052 So, okay, we have many, we have quite a few words for throw... Transcription 00:36:28.052 00:36:28.827 Mhm? Transcription 00:36:28.827 00:36:30.640 There's jəkad... Transcription 00:36:30.640 00:36:38.540 jəkad, j, e, k, a, d, jəkad, I think it's, I think jəkad just means like to toss, uh like, toss. Transcription 00:36:38.540 00:36:39.027 Yeah. Transcription 00:36:39.027 00:36:41.227 Then there's another word... Transcription 00:36:41.227 00:36:41.990 təran Transcription 00:36:41.990 00:36:48.027 təran, which means like, I think it means like to throw, but with the intention of discarding, so like, təran. Transcription 00:36:48.027 00:36:49.427 Ah, like throw away? Transcription 00:36:49.427 00:36:51.577 Yeah, throw, yeah. Transcription 00:36:51.577 00:36:56.052 And then, what other words do we have? jəkad, təran... Transcription 00:36:56.052 00:36:59.202 Uh, okay, so, those are the two words that I can think of right now, yeah. Transcription 00:36:59.202 00:37:04.615 What if you're throwing something at somebody like you're trying to, like, hurt them? Transcription 00:37:04.615 00:37:07.065 Throw, jəkad, jəkad... Transcription 00:37:07.065 00:37:10.115 Would you use jəkad? Transcription 00:37:10.115 00:37:11.627 Yeah, I think, yeah, jəkad. Transcription 00:37:11.627 00:37:17.890 Okay, okay. Um... Transcription 00:37:17.890 00:37:26.077 So, how would, so then how would you make a sentence, like, he threw a rock? Transcription 00:37:26.077 00:37:27.327 Okay, so... Transcription 00:37:27.327 00:37:29.727 yoh jəkad batuh Transcription 00:37:29.727 00:37:31.777 Uh, ka kuʔ Transcription 00:37:31.777 00:37:32.715 Or... Transcription 00:37:32.715 00:37:35.377 di kuʔ Transcription 00:37:35.377 00:37:39.140 Okay, so, if I were, if I use, um... Transcription 00:37:39.140 00:37:41.140 yoh jəkad batuh kə kuʔ Transcription 00:37:41.140 00:37:45.777 It means, like, he's throwing, he's, like, throwing a stone to me. Transcription 00:37:45.777 00:37:54.815 And then, if I use ka- um, di kuʔ, it means like, at me. Transcription 00:37:54.815 00:38:03.302 And so, yoh jəkad batuh kə kuʔ, yoh jəkad batuh di kuʔ? Transcription 00:38:03.302 00:38:04.402 Mm. Transcription 00:38:04.402 00:38:08.402 So, kə kuʔ is to me, and di kuʔ is at me? Transcription 00:38:08.402 00:38:14.602 Yes. Transcription 00:38:14.602 00:38:23.765 Uh, okay, so, let's do it the other way, if I want to say, I'm throwing a rock to him, how can you say that? Transcription 00:38:23.765 00:38:26.990 kuʔ jəkad batuh kə yoh Transcription 00:38:26.990 00:38:32.090 kə yoh, yeah. Transcription 00:38:32.090 00:38:38.990 Could you say, uh, kuʔ jəkad batuh kə iʔ? Transcription 00:38:38.990 00:38:42.728 Mm... no, it doesn't sound right. Transcription 00:38:42.728 00:38:53.178 Okay. Transcription 00:38:53.178 00:38:56.878 So you wouldn't use yoh there. Transcription 00:38:56.878 00:39:06.603 And I, I guess it would be the same with di, so I could say, kuʔ jəkad batuh di yoh, I threw the stone at him? Transcription 00:39:06.603 00:39:07.628 Yes. Transcription 00:39:07.628 00:39:16.753 And if I said, uh, kuʔ jəkad batuh di iʔ? Transcription 00:39:16.753 00:39:19.740 di iʔ, di iʔ, no, mm... Transcription 00:39:19.740 00:39:31.803 Still, still bad? Okay, yeah. Transcription 00:39:31.803 00:39:37.553 What was the sentence where I said that I- we must, I want to use iʔ? Transcription 00:39:37.553 00:39:43.578 Uh, that one was, uh, let me see, it's in here, uh... Transcription 00:39:43.578 00:39:46.840 yuə̯ʔ- yuə̯ʔ duə̯g cuə̯ʔ iʔ? Transcription 00:39:46.840 00:39:50.140 cuə̯ʔ... cuə̯ʔ... Transcription 00:39:50.140 00:39:53.365 Mm, okay, uh, yuə̯ʔ duə̯g cuə̯ʔ- yuə̯ʔ duə̯g... Transcription 00:39:53.365 00:40:00.515 The pig was stabbed by him, yuə̯ʔ duə̯g cuə̯g iʔ. Transcription 00:40:00.515 00:40:06.790 Because iʔ has like, sort of a, like a possessive-like meaning to it, like... Transcription 00:40:06.790 00:40:12.265 So, I, it feels right here, maybe because, like, because the stabbing belongs to him, like, almost, yeah... Transcription 00:40:12.265 00:40:16.128 Okay, yeah. Transcription 00:40:16.128 00:40:28.128 And in the other sentence with yoh, it's, yoh, is like a separate entity like almost like it's, it's by itself. Transcription 00:40:28.128 00:40:39.128 Okay, yeah, yeah, yeah, that's, yeah, I get it. Transcription 00:40:39.128 00:40:48.128 Could I, okay, so then, in that case, could I say, um... Transcription 00:40:48.128 00:40:58.728 jəkad, so, so, could I say, kuʔ, uh, sorry, uh, kuʔ duə̯g jəkad batuh? Transcription 00:40:58.728 00:41:04.528 I was thrown a stone? Transcription 00:41:04.528 00:41:10.828 Does that make- I was... I was thrown... Transcription 00:41:10.828 00:41:17.065 The sentence doesn't sound very good in English, it's kind of a marginal sentence in English. Transcription 00:41:17.065 00:41:21.928 But something like, I was thrown a stone by him. Transcription 00:41:21.928 00:41:27.628 Something sort of like that. Transcription 00:41:27.628 00:41:34.153 I was thrown a stone by him... Transcription 00:41:34.153 00:41:37.340 kuʔ duə̯g jəkad batuh, okay I think... Transcription 00:41:37.340 00:41:40.140 Okay, I can't quite Transcription 00:41:40.140 00:41:44.265 construct like a sentence exactly following that order, I feel like... Transcription 00:41:44.265 00:41:48.178 kuʔ duə̯g jəkad batuh Transcription 00:41:48.178 00:41:51.340 kuʔ duə̯g jəkad batuh Transcription 00:41:51.340 00:42:00.103 batuh daʔ iʔ, maybe you can use daʔ yoh, yeah. kuʔ duə̯g ja- kuʔ, eh, no, no, no, that, yeah that... Transcription 00:42:00.103 00:42:01.940 So if I use the sentence... Transcription 00:42:01.940 00:42:04.290 kuʔ duə̯g jəkad batuh daʔ yoh Transcription 00:42:04.290 00:42:08.978 It means, like, he is the reason that I am being thrown stones at. Transcription 00:42:08.978 00:42:13.428 I see, that, that's daʔ yoh? Transcription 00:42:13.428 00:42:14.003 Yeah. Transcription 00:42:14.003 00:42:30.140 At the end there? Okay. Transcription 00:42:30.140 00:42:35.628 daʔ is like, to ask, or yeah, to instruct, to make, daʔ. Transcription 00:42:35.628 00:42:44.128 Yeah, oh, okay, okay. Transcription 00:42:44.128 00:42:49.778 And does that sentence make, does that sound like an okay sentence, does it sound natural? Transcription 00:42:49.778 00:42:59.365 It does in that, for that meaning, like if someone is, like, he's the reason I'm being thrown stones at, then that sentence would make perfect sense. Transcription 00:42:59.365 00:43:12.090 Okay, and, and, so, if I, if I just ignore the daʔ yoh part, I could say, kuʔ duə̯g jəkad batuh, that means I'm having thrones- I'm having stones thrown at me? Transcription 00:43:12.090 00:43:12.703 Yeah. Transcription 00:43:12.703 00:43:14.103 kuʔ duə̯g jəkad batuh Transcription 00:43:14.103 00:43:15.265 That's fine? Transcription 00:43:15.265 00:43:16.015 Yeah. Transcription 00:43:16.015 00:44:05.453 Okay. Transcription 00:44:05.453 00:44:15.140 Okay, so, so, then, in that, could I, let's go back to this sentence, um, uh... Transcription 00:44:15.140 00:44:21.353 kuʔ jəkad batuh kə yoh Transcription 00:44:21.353 00:44:34.815 I throw a stone to him, um, is it possible to say, kuʔ jəkad yoh batuh? Transcription 00:44:34.815 00:44:38.965 # kuʔ jəkad yoh batuh Transcription 00:44:38.965 00:44:50.003 Mm, it sounds incomplete, yeah, I think you can say, kuʔ jəkad yoh, uh, kuʔ jəkad, kuʔ jəkad yoh, you can say... Transcription 00:44:50.003 00:44:50.640 pakay Transcription 00:44:50.640 00:44:52.465 You can use the word pakay batuh. Transcription 00:44:52.465 00:44:58.578 kuʔ jəkad yoh pakay batuh Transcription 00:44:58.578 00:45:02.265 pakay batuh? Transcription 00:45:02.265 00:45:04.078 Yes. Transcription 00:45:04.078 00:45:07.853 And that, that's, does that sound like a good sentence? Transcription 00:45:07.853 00:45:08.365 Yes, good. Transcription 00:45:08.365 00:45:10.253 kuʔ jəkad yoh pakay batuh Transcription 00:45:10.253 00:45:22.778 I'm not sure how, like authentic, how Bidayuh it is, but, yeah, I thought it sounds pretty fine, yeah, well to me. Transcription 00:45:22.778 00:45:39.353 Transcription 00:45:39.353 00:45:48.340 But that, that, that, that still means the same thing though, right, like I'm throwing stones at him, or I'm throwing him a stone? Transcription 00:45:48.340 00:45:51.503 That's how I would say it, like, I'm throwing him a stone. Transcription 00:45:51.503 00:45:52.090 Yeah. Transcription 00:45:52.090 00:45:54.378 kuʔ jəkad yoh pakay batuh Transcription 00:45:54.378 00:45:59.040 Okay, so, it means, like, it's a, it's more like... Transcription 00:45:59.040 00:46:04.140 I'm throwing hi- I'm throwing, yeah, yeah, you can, I'm throwing stones at him. Transcription 00:46:04.140 00:46:09.190 I'm throwing, like the, if I were to translate it directly, it'll be like... Transcription 00:46:09.190 00:46:17.265 I'm throwing him using stones, I'm throwing things at him using, like, I'm throwing -- with stones, yeah. Transcription 00:46:17.265 00:46:28.503 Yeah, yeah, yeah, I see. Transcription 00:46:28.503 00:46:33.653 Could I say, kuʔ jəkad kə yoh pakay batuh? Transcription 00:46:33.653 00:46:34.428 kuʔ jəkad... Transcription 00:46:34.428 00:46:36.278 kuʔ jəkad kə yoh pakay batuh Transcription 00:46:36.278 00:46:40.578 jəkad kə yoh, or just, kad kə yoh. Transcription 00:46:40.578 00:46:44.928 kuʔ jəkad kə yoh pakay batuh Transcription 00:46:44.928 00:46:49.153 Now it sounds like you're just passing the stone to him. Transcription 00:46:49.153 00:46:50.053 Okay. Transcription 00:46:50.053 00:46:58.078 kuʔ jəkad, kuʔ jəkad kə yoh, I think cause the kə is there, I'm just throwing it to him, like it, it, um... Transcription 00:46:58.078 00:47:02.578 It doesn't have the same like, I'm throwing this stone to hurt him. Transcription 00:47:02.578 00:47:08.440 Yeah, but that sentence is still okay? Transcription 00:47:08.440 00:47:11.640 kuʔ jəkad kə yoh Transcription 00:47:11.640 00:47:13.315 kuʔ jəkad kə yoh batuh Transcription 00:47:13.315 00:47:14.740 Wait, how is it? Transcription 00:47:14.740 00:47:17.890 kuʔ jəkad kə yoh pakay batuh? Transcription 00:47:17.890 00:47:23.653 kuʔ jəkad kə yoh pakay batuh Transcription 00:47:23.653 00:47:29.940 Hmm, kuʔ jəkad kə yoh pakay batuh, okay, it sounds right, but it must have, like, a context, like... Transcription 00:47:29.940 00:47:32.315 kuʔ jəkad kə yoh pakay batuh Transcription 00:47:32.315 00:47:38.115 It means that it's not the stone that is being thrown, like, you... Transcription 00:47:38.115 00:47:49.265 There must be something for example, like I, like a letter for example, I'm throwing, I throw a letter to him using a stone. Transcription 00:47:49.265 00:47:54.440 Like you're tying a letter to a stone because you can't throw a letter? Transcription 00:47:54.440 00:47:55.203 Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:47:55.203 00:47:57.928 Okay, hh okay, okay. Transcription 00:47:57.928 00:47:58.953 It's confusing, yeah. Transcription 00:47:58.953 00:48:03.803 So the, the stone is not the thing that you're trying to get to him. Transcription 00:48:03.803 00:48:06.978 Yeah, I think cause you, cause of the word pakay batuh. Transcription 00:48:06.978 00:48:07.491 Yeah it means like... Transcription 00:48:07.491 00:48:11.091 Like it's not the stone, it's not the, like not the main character of the sentence. Transcription 00:48:11.091 00:48:22.741 Yeah, okay. Transcription 00:48:22.741 00:48:29.778 So could I, could I just say, kuʔ jəkad kə yoh, without saying what it is? Transcription 00:48:29.778 00:48:31.503 kuʔ jəkad kə yoh Transcription 00:48:31.503 00:48:32.403 Yeah. Transcription 00:48:32.403 00:48:34.803 That's okay? Okay. Transcription 00:48:34.803 00:48:38.003 And that just means... Transcription 00:48:38.003 00:48:45.703 Yeah, yeah, it still, it means you're not throwing it to hurt him but you're just like throwing it to give it to him, kuʔ jəkad kə yoh Transcription 00:48:45.703 00:48:47.916 Yeah, and, and it's just something that you're throwing. Transcription 00:48:47.916 00:49:06.241 Yeah, something, yeah. Transcription 00:49:06.241 00:49:11.816 What about the, the verb, um, to roll? Transcription 00:49:11.816 00:49:12.891 To roll? Transcription 00:49:12.891 00:49:26.053 Like if, if you wanted to say, um, like a, like a stone is rolling down the hill? Transcription 00:49:26.053 00:49:28.803 Huh, okay, I-... Transcription 00:49:28.803 00:49:31.853 I feel like there's no word for like, actual, like rolling. Transcription 00:49:31.853 00:49:32.528 Hmm. Transcription 00:49:32.528 00:49:35.441 'Cause we will, yeah, we will use the word like... Transcription 00:49:35.441 00:49:37.291 disərəbuʔ, or... Transcription 00:49:37.291 00:49:40.891 Or like, or slide? Transcription 00:49:40.891 00:49:46.091 How bout that? Yeah, how bout slide, do you have, is that better? Transcription 00:49:46.091 00:49:54.853 Oh my god, this, hh I cannot think of the word like slide, kuʔ rəba- sə... Transcription 00:49:54.853 00:49:59.141 Okay, I can't, okay I can't think of the word... Transcription 00:49:59.141 00:50:04.191 Slide, slide, off a hill, yoh... Transcription 00:50:04.191 00:50:10.341 Hmm, I feel like we just generalise to just into rəbuʔ, but there's another word, like, rolling of the carpet, you know? Transcription 00:50:10.341 00:50:11.441 How bout that? Yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:50:11.441 00:50:12.628 So that is... Transcription 00:50:12.628 00:50:13.303 ŋəruŋ Transcription 00:50:13.303 00:50:14.428 ŋəruŋ Transcription 00:50:14.428 00:50:19.141 n, g, e. n, g, e, r, u, n, g, ŋəruŋ Transcription 00:50:19.141 00:50:20.216 ŋəruŋ tikar Transcription 00:50:20.216 00:50:24.841 ŋəruŋ tikar is to, to roll the... Transcription 00:50:24.841 00:50:26.291 Unroll the mat? Transcription 00:50:26.291 00:50:27.691 Yeah. Transcription 00:50:27.691 00:50:32.403 ŋəruŋ actually means to, like, roll it back into, like into a roll. Transcription 00:50:32.403 00:50:34.028 Oh roll it back up, okay. Transcription 00:50:34.028 00:50:43.441 Yeah, yeah, this is actually the phrase we use, like, when we say that the harvest festival is ending, so we will say... Transcription 00:50:43.441 00:50:44.416 tiə̯ ŋəruŋ tikar Transcription 00:50:44.416 00:50:54.616 ... which mean like, we are rolling up the bamboo mat. Yeah, it's not really bamboo, it's not bamboo, it's more like rattan. Transcription 00:50:54.616 00:50:55.578 Rattan, yeah, yeah. Transcription 00:50:55.578 00:51:01.928 Which means the Gawai festival has ended. Transcription 00:51:01.928 00:51:12.303 I see. Transcription 00:51:12.303 00:51:18.841 So how would you say, the mat is rolled up? Transcription 00:51:18.841 00:51:20.841 ŋəruŋ- okay... Transcription 00:51:20.841 00:51:26.128 You will use the same word, but with duə̯g, so tikar um... Transcription 00:51:26.128 00:51:35.891 tikar anoʔ mboh duə̯g ŋəruŋ Transcription 00:51:35.891 00:51:46.678 tikar anoʔ duə̯g ŋəruŋ, the mat, that mat is rolled up? Transcription 00:51:46.678 00:51:57.503 Mm, yeah, I feel like I'm generalising the name for the mats, like I will say tikar because that's what I know, but I feel like there's specific names for different types of mats. Transcription 00:51:57.503 00:51:58.503 Mhm. Transcription 00:51:58.503 00:52:01.616 But I, uh, yeah, tikar is fine too. Transcription 00:52:01.616 00:52:04.316 hhhh it's just a general word? Transcription 00:52:04.316 00:52:05.291 Yeah. Transcription 00:52:05.291 00:52:35.278 Yeah. Transcription 00:52:35.278 00:52:38.291 How about, uh, to give? Transcription 00:52:38.291 00:52:39.916 To, to what? Transcription 00:52:39.916 00:52:40.991 Give? Transcription 00:52:40.991 00:52:42.278 Give. Transcription 00:52:42.278 00:52:43.128 ŋiə̯n Transcription 00:52:43.128 00:52:44.028 ŋiə̯n Transcription 00:52:44.028 00:52:45.128 ŋiə̯n? Transcription 00:52:45.128 00:52:46.958 Yes, n, g, i, e, n. Transcription 00:52:46.958 00:52:54.503 ŋiə̯n Transcription 00:52:54.503 00:53:01.553 So, then, how would you say, she gave a letter to me? Transcription 00:53:01.553 00:53:08.116 yoh ŋiə̯n surat kə kuʔ Transcription 00:53:08.116 00:53:10.766 yoh ŋiə̯n surat kə kuʔ Transcription 00:53:10.766 00:53:19.641 kə kuʔ? Transcription 00:53:19.641 00:53:22.891 How about, she gave a letter to you? Transcription 00:53:22.891 00:53:48.016 yoh ŋiə̯n surat kə u Transcription 00:53:48.016 00:54:01.941 Can I say, um... Transcription 00:54:01.941 00:54:08.341 How would you say, I was given a letter from her? Transcription 00:54:08.341 00:54:14.328 I was given, um, I was given, kuʔ, I was given, okay... Transcription 00:54:14.328 00:54:17.028 kuʔ bəduə̯g, kuʔ duə̯g ŋiə̯n... Transcription 00:54:17.028 00:54:21.091 kuʔ duə̯g ŋiə̯n surat soʔ yoh Transcription 00:54:21.091 00:54:28.366 kuʔ duə̯g ŋiə̯n surat soʔ, s, o, k, soʔ, which mean from, soʔ. Transcription 00:54:28.366 00:54:31.016 kuʔ duə̯g ŋiə̯n surat soʔ yoh? Transcription 00:54:31.016 00:54:32.053 Yes. Transcription 00:54:32.053 00:54:32.691 Does that sound... Transcription 00:54:32.691 00:54:39.566 I feel like we will use, um yeah, we will use dapot, which means, like, to get. Transcription 00:54:39.566 00:54:49.416 kuʔ dapot surat soʔ yoh Transcription 00:54:49.416 00:54:52.803 So, kuʔ dapot surat soʔ yoh? Transcription 00:54:52.803 00:54:56.328 Yes. Transcription 00:54:56.328 00:54:59.878 I got a letter from her. Transcription 00:54:59.878 00:55:01.478 Like, receive? Transcription 00:55:01.478 00:55:04.428 Yeah, dapot is like, yeah, receive, to get. Transcription 00:55:04.428 00:55:06.528 To get. Transcription 00:55:06.528 00:55:13.978 But this other sentence, kuʔ duə̯g ŋiə̯n surat soʔ yoh, that's, that's an okay sentence though, right, that's grammatical? Transcription 00:55:13.978 00:55:16.553 kuʔ duə̯g ŋiə̯n... yeah, grammatical, yes. Transcription 00:55:16.553 00:55:19.141 But it feels like, like a long way to... Transcription 00:55:19.141 00:55:56.666 It's just a convoluted way to say, yeah, yeah, yeah, okay. Transcription 00:55:56.666 00:56:01.603 Uh, how would you say, um, thief? Transcription 00:56:01.603 00:56:02.466 Thief? Transcription 00:56:02.466 00:56:05.916 Like, he is a thief? Transcription 00:56:05.916 00:56:06.928 pənəku Transcription 00:56:06.928 00:56:08.941 pənəku Transcription 00:56:08.941 00:56:11.141 Wait, he is a, he...? Transcription 00:56:11.141 00:56:12.141 yoh... Transcription 00:56:12.141 00:56:13.991 yoh pənəku Transcription 00:56:13.991 00:56:15.278 yoh pənəku? Transcription 00:56:15.278 00:56:24.203 Yes, p, e, n, e, k, u, so pənəku is the noun form for the verb... Transcription 00:56:24.203 00:56:24.753 nəku Transcription 00:56:24.753 00:56:34.778 nəku means to steal. Transcription 00:56:34.778 00:56:41.053 So yoh pənəku means he stole something, p, e, n, e, k, u, or he is a thief? Transcription 00:56:41.053 00:56:41.666 Yeah, he's a thief. Transcription 00:56:41.666 00:56:43.916 Then, ku- nəku means to steal? Transcription 00:56:43.916 00:56:44.916 Yes. Transcription 00:56:44.916 00:56:54.778 So, could I say a sentence like, uh, yoh nəku surat soʔ yoh? Transcription 00:56:54.778 00:56:57.241 yoh nəku surat k- Transcription 00:56:57.241 00:56:59.541 yoh nəku surat soʔ yoh Transcription 00:56:59.541 00:57:04.278 He stole a letter from her, or something like that? Transcription 00:57:04.278 00:57:05.291 yoh nəku surat soʔ yoh Transcription 00:57:05.291 00:57:29.091 Yeah, sounds fine, yeah. Transcription 00:57:29.091 00:57:36.928 Okay, that's great, uh, let's just go ahead and stop here, since it's seven o' clock.