\_sh v3.0 545 MDF 4.0 \lx ʔ- \hm 1 \ps pre \ge NZ \de nominalizer \ee This ‘prefix’ is likely an artifact of vowel initial words in which the nominal form generally preserved the glottal stop while the verbal form lost this feature. Glossed as NZ. \xv 1. aqləw ; ʔaqləw \xe 'to swallow; to ingest' ; 'throat; neck.' \xv 2. išaw ; ʔišaw \xe 'to be warm; to be tolerably hot' ; 'sun; day.' \xv 3. oxšoł ; ʔoxšoł \xe 'to urinate' ; 'urine.' \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔ- \hm 2 \ps vpre \ge IMPV \ge imperative \de imperative verbal prefix \ee This prefix may be found with or without word final glottalization. Glossed as IMPV. \xv 1. ałhaš ; mupxuyuwit, ʔałhaš wašəʔəʔə̀tš ! \xe 'to talk; to speak; to gossip' ; 'do not lie to me, talk pure truth!' \xv 2. i(y)- ; ʔiyustap ʔinapiyətuw ! \xe 'plural argument prefix' ; 'row ye hard!' \xv 3. ʔiyušlepen ! \xe 'make room!' (said to a crowd of people when you want them to make a passage-way). \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd mood \sd voice \lg TJPH \rf Bad \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx -ʔ \hm 1 \ps vsuf \ge FG \de functional glottalization \ee The meaning of this suffix is difficult to determine precisely. It generally results in a final sonorant becoming glottalized, or a final vowel being reduplicated. In other Chumash languages it is given the designation of ‘emphatic,’ such as when there are many of a noun instead of only a few, or one. These meanings are grouped with the imperative glottalization. However, the suffix would appear to nominalize in Ventureño as well. Therefore, the designation of ‘emphatic’ in Ventureño most likely does not capture all the functions of the glottalization. Glossed as REDUP where reduplication of all or part of a word results. Glossed as FG (functional glottalization) elsewhere. \xv 1. šałkəyəmi ; šałkəyəm̓i \xe 'to straighten (arrow) with hot stone ; heated stone for straightening arrows.' \xv 1. sukupin; tsukupin̓ \xe 'to light a light; glowworm.' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd mood \lg TJPH \rf 90.727.1; 92.225.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx -ʔ \a -◌̓ \va (-◌̓) \hm 2 \ps vsuf \ge IMPV \de imperative verb suffix \ee Mentioned in the literature but not attested in the data. This phonetic feature is sometimes realized as final glottalization on sonorants. Glossed as IMPV. \xv 1. ʔan itpén̓ ! \xe 'reflect!' \xv 2. qisə lošiwaštitʔoy̓ ! \xe 'look at that rainbow there!' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd mood \sd voice \lg TJPH; SW \rf 92.519.1; Bad16 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔa \rd ʔaʔaʔa \ps n \ge eyelash \de eyelash \dn pestaña \gn pestaña \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaʼ ‘eyelash,’ CRZ –isʼa ‘eyelash’ (Whistler 1980: 1; Beeler & Klar 1977: 88) \xv 1. kʔa \xe 'my eyelash.' \xv 2. sikʔa \xe 'my eyelash(es).' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 89.7; 92.3.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔa- \ps vpre \ge NEG.FUT \ge negative purpose prefix \de negative purpose prefix \ee This prefix is used on verbs, and it is glossed as PURP.NEG. No examples of the positive purpose counterpart of this prefix, ͽkihu- , are given. Since this prefix seems to contain the subordinator ͽki= , it may suggest that ͽʔa- also conveys subordinate meaning (not uncommon for such prefixes). \xv 1. ʔapoxonəšpiyit \xe 'do not be afraid of me.' \xv 2. huksunapay hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔasməʔə \xe 'I am going to take out water, so he won’t drown.' \xv 3. ʔinaptapi kaki ʔapʰməʔə ! \xe 'do not enter there lest you get drowned!' \xv 4. məlapsutuʔuw hesaʔałmohò ʔapʰintskonin ! \xe 'don’t eat too many sweets, lest you have worms!' \xv 5. xilikšaši ʔapatskaw \xe 'take care of yourself that you do not meet with an accident.' \xv 6. tsalumulit ʔan tsʔipit kʰan pqisənwu hałʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš an mupwatinowo ʔapitaq hałʔiyʔałʔipʔipʰpi \xe 'my grandmother counseled me not to suddenly stand by a bunch of men to listen what they are talking about.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd mood \sd voice \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.802.2; 89.183.4; 90.290.3; 91.67.3; 93.83.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaʔaʔa \ps n \ge eyelash.REDUP \de eyelash.REDUP \cf ʔa \ce eyelash \sd reduplications \dt 25/Apr/2011 \lx ʔaʔawaš \ps n \ge crow \de crow \gn cuervo menor \dn cuervo menor \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaʼ ‘crow,’ CRZ awaš ‘crow,’ INZ ʼaʼ ‘crow,’ OBI t-aʼa ‘crow’ (Whistler 1980: 1; Beeler & Klar 1977: 82; SYBCI 2007: 31; Klar 19--a: 39) \ee The dialectal variant ʔa was used in Matilija. Old Indians said that the cry of the crow would always continue. The cry signifies applause. \mr [<ʔaʔ (crow) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \xv 1. lokaʔa ʔan tsʔip ʔa ʔa ʔa \xe 'the crow says a, a, a' (Matilija dialect). \sd animals \sd nature \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.8; 92.4.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaʔtšʔatš \a ʔatšʔatš \a atšʔatš \va (ʔatšʔatš, atšʔatš) \ps n \ge magpie \de magpie \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼačʼačʼ ‘magpie’ (Whistler 1980: 1) \xv 1. tsʔip, “pii pii” \xe 'it [the magpie] says, “pii pii.” ' \xv 2. hesiʔałqapatš ʔan ʔałwaqʰšikìtš \xe 'this bird is colorful' (refers to the magpie). \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.432.1-434.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔakawayu \ps v \ge go on horseback \ge horseback, go on \de to go on horseback \mr [] \cf kawayu \ce horse \cf naʔakawayu \ce to do on horseback \xv 1. hukʔakawayu \xe 'I am going to go on horseback.' \xv 2. tšʰutšoho ʔisʔakawayu lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'this man is very good on horseback; this man knows how to ride.' \xn 'el hombre is muy bueno á caballo, sabe andar á caballo.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd common \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.11.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔakwałta \ps n \ge riding whip \de riding whip \mr [] \dn cuarta \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.15.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔal- \a ʔał- \a ʔałt- \a ałʔ- \a ał- \a ʔan- \a al- \a ł- \a l- \va (ʔał-, ʔałt-, ʔalt-, ʔan-, ał-, ł-) \ps pre \ge NZ \de nominalizing prefix \ee The primary use of this prefix is to derive nouns from verbs. It may also result forming in a stative verb. When preceeding a word that begins with a sibilant, this prefix causes an epenthetic ͽt to come between the ͽł and ͽs/š. Glossed as NZ.II. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼal- ‘nominalizer’ (Mithun 2002: 57) \cf ʔałʔal- \ce agentivizing prefix \cf ʔan1 \ce I. focus particle II. dependent particle \cf ʔan- \ce diminutive nominalizing prefix \cf al- \ce stative verbal prefix \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx ʔał \rd ʔałʔaʔał \ps n \ge liver \de liver \et *ts-al̓a \ec Compare BOI ʼal̓ ‘liver,’ CRZ cal ‘liver,’ INZ ʼal̓ ‘liver,’ OBI cʼala ‘liver,’ PUY ’ał ‘liver’ (Klar 1977: 95; Harrington 1986: 3.6.19.1) \xv 1. hesikʔał \xe 'my liver.' \xv 2. musʔił tsʔał \xe 'there is not any liver.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.137.3-138.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔał- \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałʔaʔał \ps n \ge liver.REDUP \de liver.REDUP \cf ʔał \ce liver \sd reduplications \dt 25/Apr/2011 \lx ʔalʔał- \cf ʔałʔal- \ce agentivizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałʔal- \a ʔałʔał- \a ʔalal- \a ʔalʔał- \a alʔal- \va (ʔalʔal-, ʔalʔał-, ʔałʔał-, ʔalal-, alʔal-) \ps pre \ge AGTZ \de agentivizing prefix \ee This prefix derives a noun from a verb indicating that the noun is a person who regularly engages in the verb. Glossed as AGTZ. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.redupϡ)>] \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \xv 1. ʔoyo ; ʔałʔałʔoyo \xe 'to help' ; 'assistant; helper.' \xv 2. ałwa ; ʔałʔalałwa \xe 'to kill (a person)' ; 'murderer.' \xv 3. aqiwəwə ; ʔałʔalaqiwəwə \xe 'to swim' ; 'swimmer.' \xv 4. aqułpep ; ʔałʔalaqułpep \xe 'to pick over; to salvage' ; 'one who salvages things.' \xv 5. awit ; ʔałʔalawitš \xe 'to care for' ; 'caretaker; smn who cares for others.' \xv 6. axipe ; ʔałʔalaxipetš \xe 'to carve' ; 'carpenter.' \xv 7. axiyep ; ʔałʔalaxiyepš \xe 'to cure' ; 'doctor.' \xv 8. eqmelew ; ʔałʔaleqmelewš \xe 'to lap; to lick' ; 'kiss-ass.' \xv 9. eqweł ; ʔałʔaleqweł \xe 'to make' ; 'maker.' \xv 10. nəw ; ʔałʔałnəw \xe 'to sing' ; 'singer.' \xv 11. oxkʰonono ; ʔałʔaloxkʰonono \xe 'to grunt' ; 'snorer; smn who snores.' \xv 12. pelonušaʔaš ; ʔałʔałpelonušaʔaš \xe 'to shear; to be in the shearer' ; 'shearer.' \xv 13. taktə ; ʔałʔałtaktə \xe 'to slay; to butcher; to murder; to hit' ; 'hunter.' \xv 14. tamay ; ʔałʔałtamay \xe 'to forget' ; 'forgetful person.' \xv 15. tipatu ; ʔałʔałtipatu \xe 'to insert onself; to butt in; to interupt' ; 'busybody; meddler.' \xv 16. tipoyoqo ; ʔałʔałtipoyoqotš \xe 'to bore' ; 'professional (shell money) borer.' \xv 17. tomoł ; ʔałʔałtomolitš \xe 'tomol ; canoer.' \xv 18. ułmiʔit ; ʔałʔalułmit \xe 'to hunt deer' ; 'deer hunter (professional).' \xv 19. ustsʔəmə ; ʔałʔaluštšʔəmətš \xe 'to bury' ; 'grave-digger; undertaker.' \xv 20. ušumi ; ʔałʔalušumi \xe 'to be generous' ; 'smn kindhearted; smn hospitable.' \xv 21. ušqetʔe ; ʔałʔalušqetʔetš \xe 'to press on with one’s hands/fingers' ; 'masseur.' \xv 22. uštʔey ; ʔałʔalušteš \xe 'to touch' ; 'worker who’s profession is to cure people by rubbing them.' \xv 23. utʔaʔaw ; ʔałʔalutʔawš \xe 'to hunt' ; 'hunter.' \xv 24. watʔałtə ; ʔałʔałwatʔałtə \xe 'to contradict; to go against; to be antidote to' ; 'contradictor.' \xv 25. xuxa ; ʔałʔałxuxa \xe 'to be cowardly' ; 'coward.' \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \rf 89.150.4, 235.4-236.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔał- \cf ʔałʔal- \ce agentivizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałʔałʔoyo \ps n \ge assistant \ge helper \de assistant; helper \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + ʔoyo (help)>] \cf ʔoyo \ce to help \ee Note in example 1 the first person singular object suffix, which here is translated as a first person singular possessive. \xv 1. lokaʔałʔałʔoyonit \xe 'my assistant / my helper.' \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.150.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalał \ps n \ge plower \ge smn who plows \de plower; smn who plows \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔalal (plow)>] \cf ʔalał \ce to plow \xv 1. kʔałʔalał \xe 'I am a plower.' \sd people \sd plants \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.143.4-144.1 \dt 11/Feb/2018 \lx ʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \ps n \ge thankful one \de thankful one \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + al- (ϡstatϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + kuʔum (arrive (as is said of a point in time); come; meet; come to smn)>] \cf alaqkuʔum \ce I. to do a favor for II. to be grateful towards smn \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \xv 1. maʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \xe 'he is unthankful (he isn’t thankful anymore).' \sd people \sd emotions \lg TJPH \rf 89.139.3 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalałwa \ps n \ge murderer \de murderer \gn asesino \dn asesino \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + alwa (murder)>] \cf ałwa \ce to kill (a person) \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.144.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaqiwəwə \ps n \ge swimmer \de swimmer \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + aqiwəwə (swim)>] \cf aqiwəwə \ce to swim \sd people \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.144.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \ps n \ge smn ticklish \ge smn sensitive to touch \de smn ticklish; smn sensitive to touch \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + aqšəkʔə (have an itch) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)>] \cf aqšəkʔə \ce to have an itch \cf aqšəkʔəni \ce to be touchy; to be sensitive to touch or tickling \xv 1. no ʔan mukʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \xe 'I am not ticklish.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.77.1, 144 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaqułpep \ps n \ge one who salvages things \ge salvages things, one who \de one who salvages things \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + aqul- (ϡinstrϡ.separating) + pep (picking action)>] \cf aqułpep \ce to pick over; to salvage \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.114.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaskəʔə \ps n \ge knapsack.REDUP \ge kit bag.REDUP \de knapsack.REDUP; kit bag.REDUP \cf ʔalaskə \ce knapsack; kit bag \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalawitš \ps n \ge caretaker \ge smn who cares for others \de caretaker; smn who cares for others \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + awit (care for smn) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf awit \ce to care for \sd people \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.173 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaxipetš \pl ʔiyʔałʔalaxipetš \ps n \ge carpenter \de carpenter \ee This refers more specifically to someone who works wood with a hatchet. \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + axi- (ϡinstrϡ.punctual) + pen (clear away) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \sy kampintelu \cf axipe \ce to carve \sd people \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 89.145.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaxiyepš \ps n \ge doctor \de doctor \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + axi- (ϡinstrϡ.punctual) + yep () + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf axiyep \ce to cure \xv 1. kseqe ʔan kaypiʔiʔi kušiʔik kałwašətš sukqisəʔə lokaʔałʔalaxiyepš \xe 'I pulled him it but for that reason it ached all the more, it seemed well for me to go see the doctor.' \sd people \sd common \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.145.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaxutsʔu \ps n \ge envious one \ge one who envies \de envious one; one who envies \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + ?axʔu- (ϡinstrϡ.marginally) + utu (envy)>] \sy ʔałʔalaxutsʔu \cf axutsʔu \ce to envy \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.146.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaxʔutu \ps n \ge envious one \ge one who envies \de envious one; one who envies \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + axʔutu (envy)>] \sy ʔałʔalaxutsʔu \cf axʔutu \ce to envy \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.145.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔaleqmelewš \ps n \ge kiss-ass \ge panderer \de panderer; kiss-ass \ee Term unattested, but consultant thought it to be well formed. \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + eqmelew (lap; lick) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf eqmelew \ce to lap; to lick \sd people \sd common \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.146.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔaleqweł \ps n \ge maker \de maker \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + eqwel (make)>] \ee It seems might have been used by itself to indicate a maker of canoes, though with additional specification it can indicate a maker of anything. \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \xv 1. ʔałʔaleqweł sitomoł \xe 'carpenter of canoes.' \xv 2. ʔałʔaleqweł ʔisiya \xe 'a chair maker.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔałʔaleqweł \xe 'I am a carpenter [of canoes].' \sd people \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.146.4-147 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalesał \ps n \ge prayer \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔalesał (pray)>] \de prayer \cf ʔalesał \ce to pray \sd religion \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \rf Señán 1967 \dt 11/Feb/2018 \lx ʔałʔalexpetš \ps n \ge singer for dancers \de singer for the dancers \ee This word is similar in meaning to ʔałʔałnəw ‘singer.’ \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + expen (sing to) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf expen \ce to sing (to) \cf expetš \ce to sing (for dancers) \sd people \sd religion \sd culture \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.147.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałʔaliwəʔə \a ʔalʔaliwəʔə \va (ʔalʔaliwəʔə) \ps n \ge relative.REDUP \de relative.REDUP \cf ʔaliwə \ce relative \sd reduplications \rf Coyo73 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałnəw \a ʔalałnəw \va (ʔalałnəw) \ps n \ge singer \de singer \gn cantador \dn cantador \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + nəw (sing)>] \ee This word is similar in meaning to ͽʔałʔalexpetš ‘singer for the dancers.’ \cf nəw \ce to sing \sd religion \sd culture \sd language \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.147, 175.2; 93.113.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałnuxiliwə \ps n \ge bashful person \ge smn bashful \de bashful person; smn bashful \gn algn vergonzoso \gn vergonzoso, algn \dn algn vergonzoso \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + nuxiliwə (be shy; be timid; be bashful)>] \cf małʔałnuxiliwəłtš \ce unabashed person \cf nuxiliwə \ce to be shy; to be timid; to be bashful \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.150.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔaloxkʰonono \ps n \ge snorer \ge smn who snores \de snorer; smn who snores \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + kʰonono (?related to grinding)>] \cf oxkʰonono \ce to grunt \sd people \sd health \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.150, 236.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałpelonušaʔaš \ps n \ge shearer \de shearer \gn trasquilador \dn trasquilador \ee From Spanish ‘pelón,’ ‘bald’ \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + pelon (bald) + -us (ϡaplϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf pelonušaʔaš \ce to shear; to be in the shearer \sd people \sd animals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.154.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałqapaʔatš \ps n \ge bird.REDUP \de bird.REDUP \cf ʔałqapatš \ce bird \sd reduplications \dt 31/Jul/2018 \lx ʔałʔałqapuʔutš \ps n \ge mortar.REDUP \de mortar.REDUP \cf ʔałqaputš \ce mortar \sd reduplications \dt 19/Feb/2011 \lx ʔałʔałsitpe \cf ʔałʔałtsitpe \ce healer \sd variations \dt 19/Feb/2011 \lx ʔałʔałšaxšiłtš \cf ʔałʔałtšaxšiłtš \ce fisherman (professionally employed) \sd variations \dt 14/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałʔałšəpš \cf ʔałʔałtšəpš \ce wise one; learned one \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtaktə \ps n \ge hunter \de hunter \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + taktə (slay; butcher; murder; hit)>] \cf taktə \ce to slay; to kill; to butcher; to hit \xv 1. lokaʔiʔałʔałtaktəwu kanutria \xe 'the otter hunters.' \sd people \sd animals \sd food \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.155.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtamay \ps n \ge forgetful person \de forgetful person \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + tamay (forget)>] \cf tamay \ce to forget \sd people \sd descriptions \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.155.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtipatu \ps n \ge busybody \ge meddler \de busybody; meddler \gn entrometido \dn entrometido \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + tipa- (ϡinstrϡ.pressing) + tu (two; twice)>] \cf tipatu \ce to insert onself; to butt in; to interupt \xv 1. ʔałʔałtipatu \xe 'a person who goes about interfering in the business of other, a busybody, a meddler.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.156.1; 91.174.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtipoyoqotš \ps n \ge professional (shell money) borer \ge borer, professional (shell money) \de professional (shell money) borer \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + tipa- (ϡinstrϡ.pressing) + yoqo (related to spinning) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf tipoyoqo \ce to bore (shell money) \cf tipoyoqotš \ce to bore \sd people \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.156.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtomolitš \ps n \ge canoer \de canoer \gn cayuquero \dn cayuquero \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + tomol (tomol) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf tomoł \ce tomoł; canoe (sewn-plank); boat \sd culture \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.156.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtsitpe \a ʔałʔałsitpe \va (ʔałʔałsitpe) \ps n \ge healer \de healer \gn sanador \dn sanador \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + itpe (be alive)>] \cf sitpe \ce to cure smn; to heal smn \sd people \sd culture \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.157.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtšaxšiłtš \a ʔałʔałšaxšiłtš \pl ʔiyʔałʔałtšaxšiłtš \ps n \ge fisherman (professionally employed) \de fisherman (professionally employed) \ee Harrington notes that priests and others employed these fishermen. \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + sil (related to biting)>] \sy ʔałʔałtšotšo \cf axsił \ce to bite \cf saxsił \ce to cause to bite; to catch \cf šaxšiʔiłtš \ce to fish (from anywhere) \sd people \sd food \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.157.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtšəpəšiwaš \ps n \ge wise one, previously \de one who was previously wise \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + səp (teach) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔałšəpəšiwaš \ce Coyote; old teacher \cf səp \ce to teach \cf šəpəš \ce student; one taught \sd people \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.157.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtšəpš \a ʔałʔałšəpš \va (ʔałʔałšəpš) \ps n \ge wise one \ge learned one \de wise one; learned one \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + səp (teach) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf səp \ce to teach \sd people \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.157.3, 262.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtšotšo \pl ʔiyʔałʔałtšotšo \ps n \ge fisherman \de fisherman \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + tšotšo (fish)>] \sy ʔałʔałtšaxšiłtš \sd people \sd food \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.157.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtšumitš \pl ʔiyʔałʔałtšumitš \ps n \ge smn wealthy \ge wealthy, smn \de smn wealthy \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tšum (be good; be agreeable) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔałtšum \ce money; treasure; anchovy \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. ʔiyʔałʔałtšumitš ʔəhə ʔišiyʔałtšum \xe 'they are rich men.' \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.267.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalułmit \ps n \ge deer hunter \de deer hunter \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + ulmiʔit (hunt deer)>] \cf ułmiʔit \ce to hunt deer \sd people \sd animals \lg TJPH \rf 89.158 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalušqetʔetš \ps n \ge masseur \de masseur \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + qetʔe (mold) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ušqetʔe \ce to press on with one’s hands/fingers \sd people \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.158 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalušteš \ps n \ge smn who cures people by rubbing them \ge rubbing them, smn who cures people by \de smn who cures people by rubbing them \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + tʔey (related to touching) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ustʔey \ce to rest one’s hand on; to be occupied with \cf uštʔey \ce to touch \sd people \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.159.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔaluštšʔəmətš \ps n \ge undertaker \ge grave-digger \de grave-digger; undertaker \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + ustsʔəmə (bury) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ustsʔəmə \ce to bury \xv 1. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tšaqša lašalitəqitš, lokaʔałʔaluštšʔəmətš kałtsuqintʔum \xe 'this man died with his eyes open, the undertaker came and shut his eyes.' \sd religion \sd people \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.159.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalušumi \ps n \ge smn kindhearted \ge kindhearted, smn \ge smn hospitable \ge hospitable, smn \de smn kindhearted; smn hospitable \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + ušumi (be generous)>] \cf ušumi \ce to be generous \sd people \sd economics \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.159.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalutʔawš \ps n \ge hunter \de hunter \mr [<ʔalʔal- (hunter) + utʔaʔaw (hunt) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf utʔaʔaw \ce to hunt \xv 1. tsiyʔipuswu lokaʔiyʔałʔalutʔawš \xe 'they said to the hunters.' \sd hunting \sd food \sd people \lg TJPH \rf 89.160.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałwatʔałtə \ps n \ge contrarian \de contrarian \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + watʔ- ?(ϡinstrϡ.swathing) + altə (meet smn/smth)>] \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \cf watʔałtə \ce to contradict; to go against; to be antidote \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.160.4; 91.638.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałxo \pl ʔiyʔałʔałxo \ps n \ge thief \de thief \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI al̓alxo ‘(thief),’ INZ ʼolxo ‘to rob; to steal (lit. to be one who steals)’ (Whistler 1980: 2; SYBCI 2007: 593) \cf xono \ce to steal; to steal from \xv 1. kʔałʔałxo \xe 'I stole it,' \xe This translation does not seem to make sense given the agentivization of the word. Perhaps nominating oneself 'a robber' indicates that one has just stolen something. \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.154.4-155.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałʔałxuxa \ps n \ge coward \de coward \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + xuxa (be cowardly)>] \cf xuxa \ce to be cowardly; to be timid \xv 1. no ʔan kʔałʔałxuxa \xe 'I am a coward.' \xv 2. ʔalʔałxuxa šaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'a cowardly man.' \xv 3. kʔałxuxa \xe 'I am afraid.' \sd emotions \sd people \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.248.2, 93.101.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔapʰanəš \ps n \ge home owner \ge owner of a house \de home owner; owner of a house \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔap (house) + ?-pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \cf ʔapʰanitš \ce to live smwh \xv 1. lokaʔałʔapʰanəš ʔan musililikʔe \xe 'the owner of the house is not here.' \xv 2. tsyət sixʔanwa tsaqtuniyəw lokaʔałʔapʰanəš \xe 'a woman came wanting the owner of the house.' \sd people \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.163.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔapʔałpay \a ʔalapʔałpay \va (ʔalapʔałpay) \ph ˀɑɬˀɑˈp̕ɑɬˌpɑj \ps n \ge large cat species \de large cat species \ee The literal translation of this word would seem to be 'one who makes his home up high.' There are, perhaps, several possible not necessarily mutually exclusive practical referents for this word. 1. Since it is said to be the larger of two varieties of mountain lion, it may refer to the male mountain lion. 2. It is possible this word (or one of the words for large cat species) refers to the jaguar (Panthera onca), which sometimes roamed north out of Central America. Since, as we see in 3., it refers to a darker colored animal, it may have refered to the melanistic variant of the jaguar. 3. It is also said that this cat is smaller than the ͽʔałxay̓ ‘bobcat.’ When said to be a type of smaller bobcat, it is said to be more gray in color. Perhaps it indicates a subspecies of bobcat. 4. A final possible translation is that this word is used simply for an unspecified large cat. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔap (living place; house) + ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + pay (related to verticality)>] \cf ʔałxay̓ \ce bobcat \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf tukʔem̓ \ce mountain lion \xv 1. tšaqułtšeqʔètš kišmiš kinupan tšušpete loʔištənə̀kʰ tsʰunuwus loʔišpù \xe '[the wild cat] separates the good from the bad and cries and then wipes its tears using its paws.' \xv 2. ʔiškom̓laʔa ʔan ʔiš ʔan wonwonoqʰš kʔuwe loʔkaʔalapʔałpay ʔan tšuwaʔuškum ʔištəqʰšaʔàš \xe 'both are reddish-gray but the smallish mountain cat is more fog colored.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd mammals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.403.2; 71.945.1; 91.431.1-946.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałʔatəšwənitš \ps n \ge one who uses herbs to heal/do good \de one who uses herbs to heal/do good \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔatəšwə (herb; charm; hope; dream; talisman) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔałtipʔatəšwə \ce smn who uses herbs/medicine to kill; sorcerer \cf ʔatəšwə \ce herb; dream; hope; charm; talisman \xv 1. tsʔił ʔiskoton sixus \xe 'he has a bear shirt' (said of one who uses herbs to heal/do good). \sd people \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.172.4, 254.2-3 \dt 27/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałʔepšunitš \ps n \ge hatted person \de hatted person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔepsu (basket hat) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔepsu \ce basket hat \cf ʔepšunetš \ce to wear a hat \sd people \sd clothes \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.174.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔespʔet \ps n \ge palm of the hand \de palm of the hand \ee Literally, 'that which is flat/broad.' \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔespʔet (be flat)>] \cf ʔespʔet \ce to be broad; to be flat \xv 1. hesikʔałʔespʔet \xe 'my palm.' \xv 2. tsʔespʔet \xe 'it is broad.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.174.4-175.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔišuš \ps n \ge person with much pubic hair \de person with much pubic hair \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔišuš (pubic hair)>] \cf ʔišuš \ce pubic hair \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \sd people \sd body \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.211.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔowow \ps n \ge smth white \ge white, smth \ge whiteness \ge egg white \ge talcum \ge white (of the eye) \de smth white; whiteness \ee Also used to refer to egg white, talcum, and the white of the eye. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔowow (be white)>] \cf ʔowow \ce to be white \xv 1. heʔisʔalʔowow siktəq \xe 'the white of my eye.' \xv 2. tsiqip heʔišquntštutukš tsʰunuwus saʔałʔowow \xe 'she fills all her wrinkles with talcum.' \xv 3. nełkaʔaʔan lokapkawayu? ; losaʔałʔowow \xe 'which is your horse?' ; 'he is the white one.' \xv 4. nikšošoy? ; mə, kʔałʔowow \xe 'am I black?' ; 'no, I am white.' \xv 5. heʔisʔałʔowow siktəq \xe 'the white of my eye.' \sd colors \sd body \sd food \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.238.2-239.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔoyi \ps n \ge wry one \de wry one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔoyi (be to one side; be twisted; be crooked)>] \cf ʔoyi \ce to be to one side; to be twisted; to be crooked \sd people \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.235.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔušumitšaš \ps n \ge poor person \ge pauper \de poor person; pauper \gn pobre, un \dn un pobre \ee There is an indication that this person may not have a home. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔ- (?ϡnzϡ) + ušumi (be generous) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -šVš (ϡreflϡ)>] \cf ušumi \ce to be generous \cf ušumiš \ce to pity \sd people \sd descriptions \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.280.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ʔala- \a ʔalà- \ps vprcl \ge perhaps \ge maybe \de perhaps; maybe; it might be \xv 1. ʔałnawa hukʰkumli ʔala neeštaktənwaš \xe 'when I shall arrive, maybe he will have already killed it.' \xv 2. ʔalahusixmayit \xe 'maybe I am going to faint away.' \xv 3. ʔalamupnuqisə \xe 'perhaps you did not look at it sharp.' \xv 4. tsiwitwit hesikʰqo; tsiwitwitus hesikʰqo ʔalaʔasku \xe 'my dog is barking; my dog is barking at somebody.' \xv 5. tskum puʔpù, kʔùwe kəpə ʔan musʔił pʰalà hałtsʔutʔaw \xe 'Roadrunner arrived, but this time she brought no prey either.' \xv 6. ʔalasʔił hałʔapʔapwaʔaš ʔan neʔesixmenxmen lokasiyilikʔenutš kakukuʔu \xe 'maybe there were some old houses fallen down where people had lived.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd proclitics \sd clitics \sd mood \lg JPH \rf 90.42.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalal- \cf ʔałʔal- \ce agentivizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ʔalał \rd ʔałʔalał \ps v \ge plow \de to plow \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalał \ce plower; smn who plows \xv 1. kʔałʔalał \xe 'I am a plower.' \xv 2. pakeʔet sikʰkawayu ʔan tsxawawaʔa, muštaxtaxšətš, kʔuwe numis sukʔalał \xe 'one of my horses is lean, he does not have strength, but I am still going to plow.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd plants \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.143-144; 92.109.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalalaxlapš \ps n \ge enchanter \ge smn who enchants by singing \de enchanter; smn who enchants by singing \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + axlap (enchant by singing) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf axlap \ce to enchant by singing; to bewitch \sd people \sd religion \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.145.3, 385.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalalewsa \ps n \ge peon player \de peon player \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔalewsa (play peon)>] \cf ʔalewsa \ce to play peon \xv 1. ʔatʔaxatš ʔalalewsa \xe 'a great peon player.' \sd people \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.134.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalałnəw \cf ʔałʔałnəw \ce singer \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalałpay \a alałpay \va (alałpay) \ps n \ge up \ge upper part \ge height \de up; upper part; height; heaven \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + al- (ϡstatϡ) + pay (related to verticality)>] \cf taniʔalałpay \ce further below (in the ground) \xv 1. lokasʔalałpay kaxayanəš kaʔisʔespʔet ʔan lakʰan tšnehet \xe 'the height of the cover and its breadth are the same.' \xv 2. kakikoko lokalilikʔe ʔalałpay \xe 'our Father in Heaven.' \xv 3. ʔalałpaʔaʔay kasilikʔe lokakikoko \xe 'our Father is way up in the sky.' \xv 3. šikšepšle saʔałʔalałpay \xe 'my upper lip.' \xv 4. ʔalałpay kamišup kayəlaʔa ʔitiʔišup \xe 'in Heaven and in earth and everywhere.' \xv 5. tsʔił ʔisʰinʔałpołkwowo heʔalałpay \xe 'it has a knob on top.' \xv 6. lokaʔaleqwał ʔalałpay kaʔitimišup \xe 'Creator of Heaven and Earth.' \xv 7. ʔapʰanəšmu mišup ; ʔapʰanəšmu ʔalałpay \xe 'the world below ; the world above.' \sd religion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.151.1-154.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔalałqoni \ps n \ge laugher \ge smn who is always laughing \de laugher; smn who is always laughing \gn resueño \dn resueño \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + qoʔo (laugh) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)>] \cf qoʔo \ce to laugh \sd people \sd descriptions \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.148 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalalu \ps n \ge plow \de plow \mr [] \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd plants \sd food \sd tools \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.158.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalamisyon \ps n \ge mission \de mission \mr [] \xv 1. hesaʔalamisyon \xe 'this mission.' \xv 2. huknaʔał ʔalamisyon \xe 'I am going to the mission.' \sd borrowings \sd places \sd Spanish \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.161.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalamle \ps n \ge wire \de wire \mr [] \xv 1. muksuyołqoli, hukkonkonoqš hesaʔalamle kinahukʰkumeli kihukuliʔiš lokatsʔohoy kaʔaliyaš \xe 'I don’t want to go way around, I am going to cut the wire and I am going straight to the other road and get the road.' \sd tools \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.161.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaputinałnaʔał \ps n \ge animal that moves in the ocean \de animal that moves in the ocean \ee This refers to crabs, lobsters, etc. which can move rapidly in the current. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + aputi- (ϡinstrϡ.current) + naʔal (go.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf ʔanaputiilikʔe \ce animal that is motionless in the current \cf aputinaʔał \ce to have current; ?to go with the current \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.114 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalapʰanitš \ps n \ge resident \ge smn (living) in a house \de resident; smn (living) in a house \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔap (house) + ?-pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + –n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \xv 1. lokaʔiʔalapʰanitš ʔan tsiyipus \xe 'the people living in the same house said to him.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa lokaʔiyʔalapʰanitš \xe 'all those here of the hosue.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔalapʰanitš \xe 'I am in my house here.' \sd people \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.163.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalapʔałpay \cf ʔałʔapʔałpay \ce large cat species \sd variations \dt 09/Jan/2013 \lx ʔalaqiwohotš \ps n \ge snail, land \ge land snail \de land snail \ee Also called ͽʔałmesi ‘traitor; land snail,’ and ͽʔalaxiškumu ‘wanderer; land snail.’ \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + aqi- (ϡinstrϡ.outwards) + iwoho () + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ʔalaxškumu \ce land snail species \cf aqiwohotš \ce to be dizzy \xv 1. loʔkaʔalaqiwohotš ʔan šatinaʔləš \xe 'the landsnail is a land-product.' \xv 2. loʔkaʔalaqiwohotš ʔan ʔatʔap mišup \xe 'the land snail lives in the land.' \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.216.2-217.1 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx ʔalaqkʔapš \ps n \ge heron \de heron \ee Refers to the heron’s habit of snatching things in its bill. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + kʔap (related to pinching) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf aqkʔap \ce to pinch between two items (as with chopsticks, forefinger and middle finger, buttocks) \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.347.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaqmunetš \ps n \ge smn/smth jealous of another/smth \ge jealous of another/smth, smn/smth \de smn/smth jealous of another/smth \ee This word seems to indicate someone eager, but someone eager in an antagonisitc way (i.e., eager to fight, etc.). \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + aqmu (be jealous of) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔaqmu \ce to be jealous of \xv 1. tšitows siyʔiyalaqmunetš \xe 'they bite' ; 'they are zealous.' \xv 2. tsʔaqmunenił \xe 'he is zealous for ?you.' \xv 3. ʔalataqmu \xe 'he is zealous.' \xv 4. tšʔaqmunetš hesixʔanwa \xe 'the woman is being zealous.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.140.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaqtušʰo \ps v \ge leave smth \ge drop smth off \de to leave smth; to drop off smth \mr [] \cf aqtušʰo \ce to let go; to let smth drop, to let smth fall \cf ušʰo \ce to leave; to let; to let go; to release; to allow; to permit \xv 1. kʔalaqtušʰo \xe 'I came and left something.' \xv 2. kʔalaqtikšił \xe 'I delivered smth' ; 'I handed smth over.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.103.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaqtutʔu \ps n \ge ?leech \de ?leech \ee Translated as ‘blood sucker’ in the context of something that would attach itself to the bodies of bathers. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + aqti- (ϡinstrϡ.absorption) + utʔu ()>] \cf aqtutʔu \ce to suck (as is said of blood) \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.13.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaqutšʔum \ps n \ge clam species \de clam species \ee Some Indians ate clams raw. Others took them home and after washing them they put them in a stone olla with a little water. When the clams opened their shells, they were done. The Indians let the sand settle in the soup. The clams were eaten together with acorn mush, islay, etc. \xv 1. ʔalaqutšʔum ʔi ʔałʔił ʔiškom̓ ʔištuʔwaš \xe 'a two-shelled clam.' \xv 2. tšiqipšašì loʔkaʔalaqutsʔùm \xe 'the clam shuts himself.' \xv 3. hukušqoyiʔì saʔalaqutsʔùm \xe 'I am going clamming.' \sd animals \sd shellfish \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.106.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaqwaʔay \cf alaqwaʔay \ce to be ready (to fight, etc); to get along all right (such as happens in a good house with plenty of food); to be well-fixed in a good house; to build/do smth well (or poorly with ͽ-mu); to settle; to get one’s way \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaskə \rd ʔałʔalaskəʔə \ps n \ge knapsack \ge kit bag \de knapsack; kit bag \ee Harrington notes that one cannot say ͽʔiʔalaskə. \sy ʔas \xv 1. hekakʔalaskə huksuwaskə \xe 'I am going to hang out my knapsack.' \sd common \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 89.170.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaštəwəkš \a ʔalaštəwəkʰš \ps n \ge rock with healing properties \ge green \ge smth green \ge green, smth \de green; smth green; type of rock that has healing properties used by older people or herbalists \ee This type of rock that has healing properties used by older people or herbalists. Hudson & Blackburn note that this word means ‘stone dish’ (1983: 273 276). \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + aštəwəkš (be green)>] \cf aštəwəkš \ce to be green \sd religion \sd culture \sd colors \sd descriptions \sd geology \lg JPH \rf 89.171.1-172.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaxəwəł \a ʔalaxuwə̀ł \a ʔalaxuwəł \va (ʔalaxuwəł) \ps n \ge coyote \de coyote \ee May be related to the stem ͽaxʔuwəł ‘to shoot without much effort; to spit without much effort.’ \cf ʔałšəpəšiwaš \ce Coyote; old teacher \xv 1. kuliʔiš saʔalaxuəł \xe 'I caught a coyote.' \xv 2. mukxiliwasənwu lokalaxəwəł kasiməy kinawa kʰqisənwu loʔišupšup \xe 'I could not distinguish coyotes from wolves when I saw them in the hills.' \xv 3. lokaməy ʔan katanixaʔax ʔišišʰin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolf was a little bigger than the coyote.' \xv 4. pakeʔet ʔišištəqšəʔəš lokaʔalaxəwəł kalokaməy, ʔan katanixaʔax lokaməy tštowitš \xe 'the wolf and the coyote are of the same color, but the wolf is bigger and is swifter.' \xv 5. hesiməy (Ϟor lokaməy) šałmušiyaq ʔan tsinaʔał kałʔiyaqutišəʔəʔətš ʔisihin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolves who did not perish went to other lands; they are smarter than the coyotes.' \xv 6. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə saʔalaxəwəł hemitsqanaqan yəlaʔa heʔišup, kasiməy ʔan ʔəhənwaš, latšʔilitš kisiyamtiʔiy šaʔapʰanəšmu, kałʔəhəʔəʔə šałʔisuwuswu šaʔatəšwənəš kilokalamwəłwu ʔan katanimitʔi \xe 'in early times there were lots of coyotes at Ventura in the hills and there were lots of wolves, sometimes they came down to the town, the people poisoned more than they shot.' \xv 7. lokaməy ʔan katanuʔułyi heʔisxanaxan (Ϟor heʔisnuxš) ʔišišʰin lokaʔalaxəwəł, kaypi kištaxtaxšətš heʔisxanaxan \xe 'the wolf has a longer jaw than the coyote, and therefore his jaw is stronger.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.167.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔalaxsayay \ps n \ge quartz (as used in shamanistic rituals) \de quartz (as used in shamanistic rituals) \ee Harrington notes the following with regard to this word: “Informant once passed through a room hunting for a boy and passed through hunting for him and saw an old Ventureño Indian sitting there taking some things out of a buckskin sack. The sack was about 1 foot in diameter and had in it stones wrapped with feathers tied on, things of feathers, həłhəł, etc. They kept such things in buckskin bags. Informant and the old man did not speak to each other. Informant passed quickly through.” \cf axsayay \ce ?to perform a certain type of magic with stones \sd geology \sd religion \lg JPH \rf 89.164.4, 395.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaxsumu \cf alaxsumu \ce to suffer \sd variations \dt 12/Nov/2011 \lx ʔalaxškumu \ps n \ge snail species, land \ge land snail species \de land snail species \ee Literally, ‘wanderer.’ \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + axš- () + kumu (come to (a place or location))>] \cf ʔalaqiwohotš \ce land snail \cf ʔałmesi \ce I. traitor II. land snail \cf axškumu \ce to be lost; to be stray \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.216.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaxšuwa \ps n \ge one bitten (by a rattlesnake) \de one bitten (by a rattlesnake) \ee This word was archaic at the time it was recorded. \sd animals \sd people \sd reptiles \sd descriptions \sd archaisms \lg JPH \rf 89.166.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔalaxtaqimayə \ps n \ge prairie dog \de prairie dog \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + axta- (ϡinstrϡ.quickly) + aqi- (ϡinstrϡ.outwards) + may (extinguish smth; put smth over smth/smn) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf axtaqimayə \ce to set out in the evening \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \xv 1. loʔkaʔalaxtaqimayə̀ kaʔoxwò ʔan tsiwìt kašnehet loʔkatštəʔəniwàš \xe 'the prairie dog barks like a dog.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.858.1-861.1 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx ʔalaxtəməmə \ps n \ge bull-roarer \de bull-roarer \gn zumbador \dn zumbador \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ?aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + təməmə ()>] \sy ʔaxtəməmənəʔəš \sy saxtəməmənəʔəš \sd gaming \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.102.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔalaxulapu \a ʔalaxulapù \ps name \ge ʔalaxulapu \ge Santa Inez, present-day \de present-day Santa Inez \sd places \lg TJPH \rf WeirB15 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔalaxuwəł \cf ʔalaxəwəł \ce coyote \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaxwayi \ps n \ge glutton \de glutton \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + axwayi (be gluttonous)>] \xv 1. ʔalaxwayi \xe 's/he is a glutton.' \xv 2. kałwašətš suʔamnišaqša lokaʔalaxwayi \xe 'it is a good plan to kill the gluttonous woman.' \sd people \sd descriptions \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.167.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaxwi \ps n \ge blanket, bed \ge bed blanket \de bed blanket \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ali- (ϡinstrϡ.night) + axwi (be covered)>] \cf ʔalaxwimu \ce where blankets are kept \cf axwi \ce to be covered \xv 1. ksuxesus lokaʔatʔaxatš lokasʔalaxwi \xe 'I took the blankets off the man.' \xv 2. (hesi)kʔalaxwi \xe 'my bed blanket' (any kind). \xv 3. (hesi)kʔaxiwi \xe 'my chamois.' \xv 4. huksaxwinus hesiqunup \xe 'I am going to put the bed clothes over this child.' \xv 5. hukaxwitšaš \xe 'I am going to dress myself' (said of a naked man going to put on clothes). \sd clothes \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.168.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaxwimu \ps n \ge where blankets are kept \ge blankets are kept, where \de where blankets are kept \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ala- (ϡinstrϡ.night) + axwi (be covered) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf axwi \ce to be covered \sd clothes \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.168.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaleł \ps v \ge read \de to read \mr [] \xv 1. tsʰəpsəpuswu siqunqunup susiyʔaleł \xe 'the women is teaching the children to read.' \xv 2. tšnaʔał hesikayi lawaliʔiʔin kisyəti kikasilikʔe kisʔaləł isbiblia, ʔəhə ʔislibro yəlaʔa ʔiswantswanaʔał \xe 'he goes to the street but returns soon and sits down to read, he has Bibles and all kinds of books.' \sd Spanish \sd common \sd borrowings \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.174.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaleman \ps n \ge German \de German \mr [] \xv 1. tsiyutałtəwuswu lokaʔaleman \xe 'they are enimies of the Germans.' \xv 2. tswatʔałtəmu lokaʔaleman \xe 'he is enemy of the German.' \xv 3. lokafranses ʔan tšiyitšʔemetšešwu lokaʔaleman \xe 'the French are enemies of the Germans.' \sd people \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 91.511.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalesał \ps v \ge pray \de to pray \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalesał \ce prayer \sd religion \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \rf Señán 1967 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalewsa \a alewsa \va (alewsa) \ps v \ge play peon \de to play peon \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalalewsa \pde peon player \cf ʔalewšaʔnəʔəš \ce smth related to peon \xv 1. husamʔalewsà \xe 'they are going to play peon.' \xv 2. hukʔalewsa \xe 'I am going to play peon.' \xv 3. ʔatʔaxatš ʔalalewsa \xe 'a great peon player.' \sd gaming \sd culture \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.860; 89.147, 175.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔalewšaʔnəʔəš \ps n \ge smth related to peon \de smth related to peon \ee In ͽnəwəš ͽʔiʔalewsanəʔəš, 'peon song.' \mr [<ʔalewsa (play peon) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔalewsa \ce to play peon \cf ʔalalewsa \ce peon player \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.860; 89.175.3; 93.134.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalexpetš \ps n \ge singer \de singer \ee Singers for Indian dancers were called ͽʔiʔiałʔałnəw, however. Means about the same as ͽʔiʔałʔalexpetš. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + expen (sing to) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf expen \ce to sing (to) \cf expetš \ce to sing (for dancers) \xv 1. hukexpetš \xe 'I am going to sing.' \xv 2. ʔalexpetš \xe 'he is a singer.' \xv 3. hukexpenił \xe 'I am going to sing to you.' \xv 4. hukexpenus \xe 'I am going to sing it.' \xv 5. ʔalexpenus \xe 'he is going to sing to him.' \sd religion \sd culture \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.147.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaləhəy \cf əhəy \ce to be older; to be grown up \cf tanaʔaləhəy \ce bigger one; older one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + əhəy (be older; be grown up)>] \se I \ps n \ge ancestor \de ancestor \xv 1. loʔkakihin ʔaləhəy \xe 'my ancestors.' \se II \ps v \ge grown up, be \ge adult, become \de to be grown up; to become adult \xv 1. kanawa siyʔaləhəy ʔan kasiyapiqe \xe 'when the birds are adult they start to fly.' \xv 2. kanawa siyʔaləhəy \xe 'when they grow up.' \xv 3. kaypi kimuhusiyʔaləhəy \xe 'so that they will not grow up.' \xv 4. lokakatu ʔan tšuliʔiš səʔəqəy ʔan tsʰupex kikanawa sʰukitwonwu lokaštałtałhəʔəw kikanawa siyʔaləhəy kikasiyiwon, ʔan tsiyʔip kikirimiyaaw \xe 'the cat got a chicken and made her pregnant and when she gave birth to her young ones and they grew up and sang they sang kikirimiyaw.' \xv 5. lokatanałʔaləhəʔəy ʔan latšə ʔisisuxuxanusuwu lokatanimitmitʔi \xe 'the bigger boys are always bullying the smaller boys.' \sd lifecycle \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.176.3-177.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałhaputš \ps n \ge cattle \ge livestock \ge meat (beef) \de head (of cattle); livestock; meat (beef) \ee Note that this noun must be possessed with a ͽhin construction. If ͽhin is unreduplicated, it indicates that the person is talking about his meat. If reduplicated, it indicates that the person is talking about his cattle. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + hap (horn; pair of horns) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf hap \ce horn; pair of horns \xv 1. hesikʰinʔałhaputš \xe 'my meat (beef).' \xv 2. hesikʰinhinʔałhaputʔutš \xe 'my cattle.' \xv 3. yontsʰe ʔan tsʔił ʔislantšu ʔan əhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kasikawkawayu satikʔoy kasʔił ʔislantšu, ʔəhə sikuhkuʔu saʔalililikʔenwaš salitiwtiwəšwaš yontsʰe \xe 'Yontsʰe (Luis Francisco) had a ranch and lots of livestock at Saticoy and lots of Indians lived there with him.' \xv 4. huksinay sikʰinʔałhaputš hukušiqom \xe 'I am going to put my meat there.' \xv 5. lokaʔiʔałʔułʔułyi ʔisʰap \xe 'long-horned cattle.' \xv 6. kikakasewsewus saʔališpiwetš šaʔałhaputš, ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'and I asked a butcher, and he said to me.' \xv 7. ʔəhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kaʔiskawkawayuʔu kimusʔił hałʔaluqtiyəw \xe 'he had a lot of cattle and horses and lacked nothing.' \xv 8. tšʔapš ʔiʔałhaputš \xe 'broth.' \xv 9. kispuwe šaʔałhaputš ʔan mukiqmay \xe 'I bought some meat and didn't cover it up.' \xv 10. ʔałhapùtš ʔi ʔałtšunʔùnqʰš \xe 'Spanish cattle' (this means ‘cattle who stink a little in the morning’). \sd animals \sd food \sd mammals \sd husbandry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.178.2-182.4, 289.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałhašəʔəš \a alašəʔəš \va (alašəʔəš) \ps n \ge language \ge words \de language; word \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ałhaš (talk; speak; gossip) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \xv 1. pakeʔet šaʔałhašəʔəš ʔan tsʰukitwonwu sitsʔohʔtsʔohoʔoy ͼ[sic.] šaʔałhašəʔəš \xe 'one word gets out other words.' \xv 2. kikasisaxiyepus heʔišyəwəš tsisʰunuwus šitaštaʔaš kaštə hamisar kašiyʔałhašəʔəš siyʔiyʔałnuna San Fernando \xe 'and they cured her with an herb called hamisar in the San Fernando language.' \xv 3. tspeʔey heʔišup loʔkakiʔałhašəʔə̀š pakeʔet supnehet ʔan mupaxunimaš \xe 'our language is a flower, a thing you are going to do, that you do not deceive.' \xv 4. nipitaq hešikʔałhašəʔəš \xe 'you do not understand my words' (what I talk). \sd language \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.186.1-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałhayaya \ps n \ge seasponge \de seasponge \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + hayaya (bloat; swell)>] \cf hayaya \ce to be bloated; to have a bloated stomach; to be swollen; to be risen \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd invertibrates \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.239.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałhelekʔetš \ps n \ge woman who captures boys \de woman who captures boys \ee This word referred to a woman or devil who carries a ͽhelek on her back. She grabbed boys and put them in her ͽhelek, and she was said to get boys who were out at night. She had many breasts that she used to suckle the children she caught. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + helekʔ (pack-basket) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf helek \ce conical packbasket \xv 1. ʔašulišił hałʔałʔelekʔetš \xe 'lest the ͽʔałhelekʔetš get you.' \sd culture \sd people \sd mythology \lg JPH \rf 89.187.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałhintskonin \ps n \ge smn who has a tapeworm \de smn who has a tapeworm \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + hin (have) + ts- (3.ϡpossϡ) + konin (worm)>] \cf hin \ce to have \cf tskonin \ce worm; angleworm \sd people \sd descriptions \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.190.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ʔalikukuy̓ \ps n \ge pillow \de pillow \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ali- (ϡinstrϡ.night) + (i)kukuy̓ ()>] \xv 1. tsʔalikukuy̓ \xe 'his pillow.' \xv 2. musʔił kʔalikukuy̓ \xe 'I haven't a pillow.' \sd common \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.196.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalina \ps n \ge flour \de flour \mr [] \xv 1. ʔan hukšuniwəš šiletši, kiqip šiquyiwaš saʔalina, kikaksuqpuypi lokaletši, kšuniwəš šiletši, no ʔan kuniwəš lokamantekiya kalokaletši \xe 'I mixed milk (into the flour), I filled a dish with flour and poured some milk on or added some milk, I mixed butter and milk into the flour.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd plants \sd agriculture \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.200.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalinetpi \rd ʔalalinetpi \ps n \ge form \ge figure \de form; figure \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + i- (ϡtr.iϡ) + nehet (be as; be so) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ)>] \cf nehet \ce to be as; to be so \xv 1. tsisukumeʔeł yəlaʔa loʔkasʰununa sułʔalinetpi ʔisʔamamə sitomoł \xe 'they arrange so that it will form the beginning of the form of the body of a tomoł.' \xv 2. tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔkasiyaqniyəwus \xe 'and they open or split the redwood [boards] according to their desire.' \xv 3. loʔkakanaʔaʔay kałwakʔay ʔan tsikunət loʔkałʔalalinetpi kašʔaxipeneš loʔkaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš katomoł \xe 'the first board adds to the figure of the cut of the keel of the tomoł.' \xv 4. yəlaʔa loʔkaʔalinetpi katomoł ʔan kayułʔamʔixweteqpeyus \xe 'all the form of a tomoł they imitate (follow) it.' \sd tomol \sd boating \sd shape \lg TJPH \rf Tomol40, 96, 102, 106 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaliqštahay \a ʔaliqstahay \va (ʔaliqstahay) \ps n \ge red, smth \de smth red \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + uqštahay (be red)>] \cf uqštahay \ce to be red \xv 1. tšiwaqšik šaʔaliqstahay ka saʔałʔowow ka šaʔałtšošoy \xe 'they are painted red and white and black.' \xv 2. pakeʔet sitsiyełʔiku saʔaluqštahay \xe 'one red bead.' \sd colors \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.272.4-273.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalispe \ps n \ge have dried semen \ge semen, have dried \de to have dried semen \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + (ʔ)ispe (semen)>] \cf ʔispe \ce semen \xv 1. no ʔan kʔalispe \xe 'I have dried semen.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.517.1; 82.809.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔališawi \ps n \ge June (time of heat) \ge summer \de June (time of heat); summer \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + išaw (be warm; be tolerably hot) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)>] \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.40.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔalištaxan \cf ʔalištaxan̓ \ce to take care; to cheer up; to have spirit; to have courage \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalištaxan̓ \ph ʔaliʃtaˈxan̰ \a ʔalištaxán̓ \a ʔalištaxan \a alištaxan \va (ʔalištaxan) \ps v \ge take care \ge cheer up \ge have spirit \ge courage \de to take care; to cheer up; to have spirit; to have courage \ee Often used as an exclamation of encouragement. \mr [<ʔalištaxan (encourage) + -ʔ (ϡimpvϡ)>] \cf šaʔalištaxan \ce to encourage; to console \xv 1. ʔalištaxan̓ uštowitš \xe 'hurry up!' \xv 2. tsʔipus, “kʰkokó! ʔalištaxan̓, kihukʰsunapayił” \xe ' his [son] answered, “father! take care, I will take you from here." ' \xv 3. ʔiyalištaxan ! hukinali \xe 'have spirit! we are going [home].' \xv 4. šaʔalištaxan lokaʔałnuxitʔisi \xe 'comfort the sad.' \sd exclamations \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.210.4-211.1; Coyo44-45 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalitaqkʰuy \a ʔalitaxkuy \ps v \ge important, be \ge famous, be \de to be important; to be famous \gn mentado, estar \dn estar mentado \ee Note the verbal use of this nominalized form. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + itaq- (ϡinstrϡ.hearing) + kʰuy ()>] \cf itaq \ce to understand (by hearing); by hearing \xv 1. ʔalitaxkuy \xe 'he is famous' (like a governor). \xv 2. no ʔan kʔalitaqkuy \xe 'I am a well-known [man].' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.211.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalitaxkuy \cf ʔalitaqkʰuy \ce to be important; to be famous \sd variations \dt 18/Oct/2011 \lx ʔalitkax \a alitkáx \ps v \ge delay \de to delay \xv 1. kʔalitkax \xe 'I delay a moment.' \xv 2. kin xelèx kaseqwèł, mupalitkáx \xe 'but Falcon caused it, do not lose time.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.974.2; Daughter133 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalitpe \ps v \ge alive, be \de to be alive \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + itpe (be alive)>] \xv 1. kʔalitpe \xe 'I am alive' (not dead). \sd common \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd stative \sd lifecycle \lg JPH \rf 89.216.4-217.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔalitʔaw̓ \sc ?Paralabrax clathratus \ps n \ge kelp bass \ge bass, kelp \de kelp bass \ee This was a reddish fish. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + itʔaw (be dazzled) + -ʔ (?ϡnzϡ)>] \cf itʔaw \ce to be dazzled \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.217.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaliwałqlay \ph ˀɑlɪwɑɬqʰlɑj \ps n \ge salamander larva \ge newt \de salamander larva; newt \gn ajolote \dn ajolote \ee This word literally translates as, 'he who is smooth or slippery.' \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + iwa- (ϡinstrϡ.sudden) + al- (ϡstatϡ) + qlay (related to smoothness)>] \cf iwałqlay \ce to be smooth \xv 1. tšamuštəł loʔkaʔaliwałqʰlay heʔismaʔam sipon̓ šaʔałtopšoʔkì \xe 'they find the newt in middle of another log.' \xv 2. loʔkaʔaliwałqʰlay ʔan tsenhes hemaʔam soʔò kasilahemišupʰ \xe 'the newt breaths under the water and also on earth.' \sd animals \sd amphibians \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.246.1-248.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaliwašyət \ps v \ge stare at \ge look at something straight on without turning one's head to the right or left \de to stare at; to look at something straight on without turning one's head to the right or left \ee This verb cannot take an object. \xv 1. no ʔan kʔaliwašyət \xe 'I look at a thing without turning my head to right or left.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.220.4-221.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaliwə \rd ʔałʔaliwəʔə \ps n \ge relative \de relative \ee This form is also translated as 'brother' and or 'sister' \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + iwə (related to relationships)>] \xv 1. lokapʔałʔaliwəʔə \xe 'your brothers.' \xv 2. hukiyaqšəš lokakiyʔaliwə \xe 'we are going to call our brother.' \xv 3. ʔipit, ʔaliwə, ʔipštewe lyos \xe 'tell me brother, how many God's are there?' \xv 4. lasułku ʔan kʔatəšwətš lokaʔaliwə neʔešaqšanutš \xe 'last night I dreamt of my dead relative.' \xv 5. haku kʔaliwə \xe 'what's up?' (lit., 'how are you, relative?'). \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.212.1-213.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaliwən \ps vt \ge brother or sister (?relative) to smn, be a \ge sister or brother (?relative) to smn, be a \de to be a brother or sister (?relative) to smn \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + iwə (related to relationships) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ)>] \xv 1. no ʔan kʔaliwənił \xe 'I am your brother or sister.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʔaliwəniyuw \xe 'I am the brother or sister of you.' \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd kinship \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.222.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaliyaš \a ʔaliyaš \a aliyaš \va (aliyaš) \ps n \ge road \de road \cf maliyaš \ce road; road surface \xv 1. lo ʔan tsʔił saʔaliyaš saʔałkəyəmi, kałkaneʔeʔe \xe 'here is a path that is straight, it is shorter' (lit., 'nearer')' (said of a short cut). \xv 2. huksinayus ʔisʔaqitsuʔum lokaʔatʔaxatš, kihusqisə hešaʔaliyaš \xe 'I am going to put a sign so that the man will know the road.' \sd common \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.189, 192.4-193.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkaʔaš \ps n \ge pool \ge lagoon \ge pond \de pool; lagoon; pond \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + kaʔaš (be pooled up (said of water))>] \cf kaʔaš \ce to be a pool; to be pooled up \sd geology \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.8.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkaw̓atš \a ʔałkaw̓àtš \ps n \ge wise one \de wise one \ee If a boy is born and in growing up shows signs of being a wise man, he was called ͽkaw̓atš (short for ͽʔałkaw̓atš). It is unclear if this word is related to ͽkaw̓ ‘left (direction); to be left (direction).’ \xv 1. kasyət loʔkawotʔ ʔałkaw̓atš, kikatsʰiqiliʔìkʰ (Ϟor kikatsqisqisə), hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan ʔałkilamu tsʔip ʔałkaw̓àtš \xe 'and the chief, a wise one, came, and he looked at him profoundly, and the wise one [the chief] said that the man was crazy.' \sd people \sd cognition \lg JPH \rf 69.1102.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkay̓ay̓i \a ʔałkay̓ay̓ì \a ʔałkayay̓i \va (ʔałkayay̓i) \ps n \ge hypnotized one \ge one who is under the influence of toloache \de hypnotized one; one who is under the influence of toloache \ee One who takes toloache sleeps eight days and has visions. Any prediction he makes while under the influence of toloache comes true. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + kay̓ay̓i (take toloache)>] \cf kay̓ay̓i \ce to take toloache \xv 1. kikʰsuweyepùs loʔkaštetè winay kihukʰtiyiwə̀š loʔkaʔałkay̓ay̓i \xe 'I asked permission of Winay’s mother that I be with the intoxicated one [Winay].' \sd people \sd religion \sd plants \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.297; Coyo88 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałkeʔep \ps n \ge bather \de bather \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + keʔep (be clean; bathe oneself; clean oneself)>] \cf keʔep \ce to be clean; to bathe oneself; to clean oneself \xv 1. lokaʔiʔałkeʔep \xe 'the bathers.' \sd people \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.215.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkənəʔət \ps n \ge runner (in a type of game) \de runner (in a type of game) \ee This term was used in ͽʔałsutinəʔəp, which was a game played with three holes, eight discs/rings, and runners. It was also called ͽmasəxsitokoi, which really refers to the three holes. This term was also used for the one who changes the rings. The runner was called ͽʔałkənəʔət, 'he who goes and gives a turn.' The rings of the game were called called ͽtəkwəs. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + kənəʔət (go around; put around)>] \cf kənəʔət \ce to go around; to put around \sd culture \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.862 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałkoninitš \a ʔałtškoninitš \va (ʔałtškoninitš) \ps n \ge smth wormy \ge wormy, smth \de smth wormy \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + konin (worm) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf koninitš \ce to be wormy (said of rotten meat not of wood) \xv 1. pon̓ ʔiʔałkoninitš \xe 'wormy wood.' \xv 2. pon̓ ʔiʔałtškoninitš \xe 'wormy plank (of wood).' \sd animals \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.225.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkuluł \a ʔalkulùł \a ʔałkulùł \va (ʔalkuluł) \ps n \ge west \ge up coast \de west; up coast \ee This is used in the sense of being up coast toward Santa Barbara, Santa Inez, and San Luis Obispo, which are both west and north of most settlements in Ventureño territory. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼalkuyulul ‘west’ (Whistler 1980: 87) \xv 1. ʔałkuluł ʔan tsʔił sikowotš \xe 'up coast there are salmon.' \sd places \sd locations \lg JPH \rf 89.216.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałkuyam \ps n \ge one on horseback \ge horseback, one on \de one on horseback \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ku- (ϡinstrϡ.setting) + yam (go down; descend)>] \cf kuyam \ce to ride horseback; to be seated on top of smth \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. ʔamʔałkuyam \xe 'many are on horseback.' \xv 2. ʔiʔałkuyam \xe 'they are on horseback' (similar meaning to above). \sd people \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.20.1 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkuye \ps v \ge carry smth tucked under one’s belt \de to carry smth tucked under one’s belt \xv 1. kʔałkuye \xe 'I tuck him under my belt' (as hunter tucks cottontail under belt to carry it along; used to come home with belt hanging with these). \xv 2. tsʔałkuye sitimew (hesikʰqolokʔi) \xe 'he carries ground squirrels by neck (stuck under his belt).' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd animals \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.216.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkʔoyho \ps n \ge lame person \de lame person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + kʔoyho ()>] \sd people \sd body \sd health \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.217.4 \dt 11/Feb/2018 \lx ʔałmaxnałtšəši \ps n \ge reptile (snake) \de reptile (snake) \ee Literally, 'that which drags itself on the ground'. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + maq-2 (ϡinstrϡ.string/rope) + naʔal (go) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -šVš (ϡreflϡ) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)>] \cf maxnaʔał \ce to drag (oneself) along (as is said of the movement of a snake or worm); to be stretched out \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.189.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałmesi \ee Literally, 'it changes (from one place to another'. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + mes (traverse; travel across) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)>] \se I \ps n \ge traitor \de traitor \se II \ps n \ge land snail \de land snail \cf ʔalaqiwohotš \ce land snail \cf ʔalaxškumu \ce land snail species \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf mesi \ce to change from one place to another; to be traitor to \sd people \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.231.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałmoho \cf ʔałmowho \ce candy; sweets; honey \sd variations \dt 18/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałmowho \a ʔałmoho \va (ʔałmoho) \ps n \ge candy \ge sweets \ge honey \de candy; sweets; honey \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + mowh (smth sweet) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf mowh \ce smth sweet; candy made from molasses \cf mowho \ce to be sweet \xv 1. hukaqsumu hesaʔałmowho \xe 'I am going to taste this candy.' \xv 2. tsiyeqweł saʔałmowho \xe 'they make honey.' \xv 3. axakšit tsipin ʔałmóho \xe 'give me candy!' \xv 4. ʔałtsuyuw ʔi ʔałmoho \xe 'I like the candy too much.' \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.232.2-233.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałmušpiwetš \ps n \ge smth sleazy/cheap \de smth sleazy/cheap \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + mu- (ϡnegϡ) + ts- (3.ϡpossϡ) + piʔiw (cost) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf piʔiw \ce to cost \cf piwetš \ce to be costly \xv 1. lokoʔhoteł kałmušpiwetš ʔan kałəhə šipštə \xe 'a cheap hotel has a lot of lice.' \sd common \sd animals \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.233.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ʔałniwonla \ps n \ge lazy person \ge sluggard \ge goldbrick \de lazy person; sluggard; goldbrick \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + niwonla (be lazy)>] \cf niwonla \ce to be lazy \xv 1. lokašʰatiwə ʔan ʔałniwonla kinupan ʔalaxwayi \xe 'His wife was both a lazy person and a glutton.' \sd people \sd emotions \rf 90.59.2; Glutton17-18 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałnuna \ps v \ge born in, be \ge coming from, be \de to be born in; to be coming from \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + nuna (come from)>] \cf nuna \ce to come from \xv 1. pi ʔan muʔitikapʔałnuna \xe 'you are not a native of here.' \xv 2. muʔiti kayʔiʔałnuna \xe 'they are not from here.' \xv 3. kikasisaxiyepus heʔišyəwəš tsisʰunuwus šitaštaʔaš kaštə hamisar kašiyʔałhašəʔəš siyʔiyʔałnuna San Fernando \xe 'and they cured her with an herb called hamisar in the San Fernando language.' \xv 4. tsʔip lokaqunup hesikum siʔałnunapala yitipakeʔes tskaʔaškom \xe 'the boy says that 500 Pala Indians are coming.' \xv 5. mukayiti kaʔałnuna \xe 'it is not a native of here.' \xv 6. nełʔałnuna hešaʔatxatš \xe 'where is this man from?' \xv 7. ʔan tsʔił (t)sihaw kaloʔisqiłmes ʔan tsʔił sihaw ʔan mukašnehet hesiʔiʔałnuna ʔiti \xe 'there is one kind of fox here and another smaller kind on the islands.' \xv 8. ʔi ʔałnuna ʔalałpay \xe 'up-coast people.' \xv 9. ʔałnuna suʔutʔam \xe 'it lives in the river.' \xv 10. nełpʔałnuna \xe 'where are you from?' \xv 11. lamunaməʔək lokawot kaʔałnuna kukamoŋa ʔan tšaqtšum lokašʰaʔay̓ \xe 'after a while the Captain of Cucamonga took a fancy to the daughter.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.234.4; 90.228..4-231.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaloqtopohoʔkitš \ps n \ge turkey \de turkey \ee Literally, 'that which swells and subsides'. \cf oqtopohokʔitš \ce to show off (before others); to swell and subside \xv 1. tsoxspololò lokaʔaloqʰtopohokʔitš \xe 'the turkey gobbles.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.457.1-458.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalos \ps n \ge rice \de rice \mr [] \xv 1. huksapitsʔə lokaʔalos \xe 'I am going to heat up the rice.' \xv 2. no ʔan kxułtsʔəyə hesaʔalos \xe 'I have taken a dislike to this rice.' \sd food \sd plants \sd agriculture \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.236.4-237.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaloxmoł \ps v \ge heat onself in a sweathouse \ge sweathouse, heat onself in a \de to heat oneself in a sweathouse \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + oxmol (become warm)>] \cf oxmoʔoł \ce to go to the sweathouse \cf oxmoł \ce to become warm \xv 1. kʔaloxmoł \xe 'I warm myself inside the sweathouse.' \xv 2. ʔiyʔaloxmoł \xe 'they are heating themselves in the sweathouse.' \sd culture \sd senses \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.285.2, 286.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaloxmoy \ps n \ge miser \ge stingy person \de miser; stingy person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + oxmoy (be stingy)>] \cf oxmoy \ce to be stingy \xv 1. no ʔan kʔaloxmoy \xe 'I eat a thing all myself' (do not invite any one to share my food). \xv 2. axakšit ʔapʔuxštu, ʔaloxmoy \xe 'give me some of your food lest you become deaf' (common belief). \sd people \sd food \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.236.2; 90.285.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpelonušaš \ps n \ge shearer \de shearer \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + pelo (hair) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -uš (ϡaplϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf pelonušaʔaš \ce to shear; to be in the shearer \xv 1. musʔiliniʔiy hałtsʔohoy hałʔałpelonušaš \xe 'there is no shearer better than he' (he is the best there is). \sd people \sd animals \sd husbandry \sd agriculture \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.240.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpəlitš \ps n \ge sticky, smth \ge smth sticky \de smth sticky \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + pəl (pitch; sap; resin) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \xv 1. kałwašətš sukiyispuwe sipapeł saʔałpəlitš, kihusiteqpey sipawapaw \xe 'it will be well if we buy some fly paper and catch the flies.' \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.240.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpintšʔe \ps n \ge ʔAłpintšʔe (present-day Santa Barbara) \ge Santa Barbara, present-day (ʔAłpintšʔe) \de ʔAłpintšʔe; present-day Santa Barbara \xv 1. mitšumaš ʔan tsaqutiqumelus ʔałpíntšʔè \xe 'Santa Cruz is opposite Santa Barbara.' \sd places \sd names \lg JPH \rf 81.15.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpołkwowo \ps n \ge knob \de knob \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + pol- (ϡinstrϡ.revolving) + kwowo (related to roundness)>] \cf połkwowo \ce to be round; to be spheroid \xv 1. tsiyeqwełwu siʔiyʔałpołkwowo ʔisewuʔan tšiyušitpeš šaʔatəšwənəš \xe 'they make wax out of tallow with poision.' \xv 2. tsʔił ʔisʰinałpołkwowo heʔalałpołkwowo heʔalałpay \xe 'it has a knob on top.' \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.241.3-242.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpʰilelis \ps n \ge pin \de pin \mr [] \sd tools \sd clothes \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.244.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpʰołxa \ps n \ge saddlebag \de saddlebag \mr [] \xv 1. tsamsutiyək lokasʔałpʰołxa kikasmaxsuteqpey lokaʔatʔaxatš kikaswatwatisapiyam ʔišewutš saʔałhaputš \xe 'they put the poisoned meat in the saddle bag and a man went behind and kept dropping pieces.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd tools \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.244.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpʔow \ps n \ge stoop-shouldered person \de stoop-shouldered person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + pʔow (be bent; be stoop shouldered)>] \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. kika ʔan kiʔałpʔow \xe 'we are stoopshouldered.' \xv 2. tspʔow hesipon̓ \xe 'this stick/pole is bent.' \sd people \sd descriptions \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.241.3-242.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałqapatš \rd ʔałʔałqapaʔatš \ps n \ge bird \de bird \ee This term refers to larger birds, such as crows, ducks, and hawks. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + qap (feather; leaf) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \xv 1. ʔałqapatšʰ \xe 'birds (all things feathered).' \xv 2. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔuwmu \xe 'edible bird.' \xv 3. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalutʔaw \xe 'bird of prey.' \xv 4. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalaqiwəwə \xe 'swimming birds.' \xv 5. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔałyuqʰspək \xe 'long-legged bird.' \xv 6. ʔalqapatš ʔi ʔałʔalalinəw \xe 'a night singing bird.' \xv 7. ʔałqapàtšʰ ʔi ʔanaqʰtsʰkutanpinpin \xe 'any kind of small beach bird.' \xv 8. kaxaʔaʔax ʔisihin lokaʔałʔałqapaʔatš \xe 'it is the biggest bird of all.' \xv 9. loʔkaʔałqapatš ʔan tsʔuw ʔi šaqʰšanùtš \xe 'this bird eats dead things.' \xv 10. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalatʔamli \xe 'a wading bird.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.294.2+; 89.228.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałqaputš \rd ʔałʔałqapuʔutš \ps n \ge mortar \de mortar \gn mortero \dn mortero \sy peyeš \sd food \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH \rf 89.228.4; 90.346.3-4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔałqišənwaš \ps n \ge witness \de witness \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + qisə (see) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -waš (ϡpstϡ)>] \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \xv 1. musʔił ʔałqišənwaš \xe 'there are no witnesses.' \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.229.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałsapəhəʔən \ps n \ge one who makes bursts of light \ge glowworm \de one who makes bursts of light; glowworm \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + api-1 (ϡinstrϡ.heat/fire) + əhəʔən (be too much)>] \cf apəhəʔən \ce to burn; to be on fire \cf əhəʔən \ce to be too much \sd animals \sd insects \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.31.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałsunaxyət \ps n \ge morning \ge dawn \de morning; dawn \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + nax- (ϡinstrϡ.time) + yət (come; arrive at)>] \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. ʔaqiwo ʔi ʔałsunaxyət \xe 'morning star.' \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.637.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałsutinəʔəp \a ʔałsutinəʔəpʰ \ps n \ge game (type) \de game (type) \ee This game was played with three holes, eight discs/rings, and runners. It was also called ͽmasəx ͽsitokoy, which really refers to the three holes. The row of three holes goes from south to north. The runner makes the round. The changer of the rings cannot go at more than a trot. The A rings of the game were called ͽtəkwəs. The runner was called ͽʔałkənəʔət. \sd gaming \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.862.2-863.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałsutuhuy \ps n \ge small bird species \ge bird species, small \de small bird species \ee Harrington gives no indication as to what kind of species this refers to. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + tuhuy (rain)>] \cf sutuhuy \ce to cause rain; to make rain \cf tuhuy1 \ce I. rain II. to rain \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 89.248.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałšəhə \ps n \ge bighorn sheep \ge sheep, bighorn \de bighorn sheep \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + šəh (bank (as of sand or dirt); cliff) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf šə \ce bank (as of sand or dirt); cliff; precipice \sd mammals \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.830.1-835.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałšəpəš \cf ʔałtšəpəš \ce teacher \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałšəpəšiwaš \a ʔałšəpəšwaš \a ʔałšəpsšiwaš \a ʔałšəpəšiwàš \a šəpəšiwaš \va (ʔałšəpəš, šəpəšiwaš) \ps n \ge Coyote \ge old teacher \de Coyote; old teacher \ee Literally this means, 'old teacher.' \cf ʔalaxəwəł \ce coyote \cf ʔałtšəpəš \ce teacher \cf səp \ce to teach \cf šəpəš \ce student; one taught \sd people \sd mythology \sd animals \lg TJPH \rf Daughter10 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałšutayitš \cf ʔałtšutayitš \ce respectable person \sd variations \dt 15/Mar/2011 \lx ʔalt- \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałt- \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałtaqaš \ps n \ge ?shell money \de ?shell money \ee Harrington translates this as ‘abalorio.’ It seems to refer to shell money, however. \xv 1. ʔəhə siʔałtaqaš \xe '(there are) many abalorios.' \sd tools \sd culture \sd economics \lg JPH \rf 69.30, 89.249.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtəhətš \ps v \ge called smth, be \de to be called smth \ee Harrington notes that there are no actual words ͽʔałtəhətš or ͽtštəhətš, because they are surpressed by the verb ͽtə. However, as can be seen in the example, this word is attested. It is possible that the use of the word is a neologism. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + təh (name; be called; be called by name) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf tə \ce I. name II. to be called; to be called by name; to name \xv 1. lošaʔatʔaxatš saʔałtəhətš xwan. \xe 'The man named John.' \xv 2. ʔiti ʔan mušpelonušaš kəwə mitʔi šipułhewu; kilatšə ʔišupšuʔup kišnaʔał muntana, məʔək lošaʔałtəhətš muntana; kanawa skitwo ʔiti ʔan laswatwatipelonušaš kilakałkumli (Ϟor kinelaskumli) montana, kanawa husimokʔotʔiy ʔan sesanta pesus ʔipiʔiw. \xe 'Here he does not shear because there are few sheep; he is always going to Montana, it is far that place called Montana; when he starts out here he shears his way there little by little and reaches Montana and when he returns it costs him $60.00.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.251.3; 90.361.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałtipatəšwə \cf ʔałtipʔatəšwə \ce smn who uses herbs/medicine to kill; sorcerer \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipatskaw \ps n \ge sinner \de sinner \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip- (ϡinstrϡ.excessive) + atskaw (meet with an accident)>] \cf atskaw \ce to meet with an accident; to meet with an incident (good or bad) \xv 1. tsʰunapayiyuw kikə sikiyʔałtipatskaw \xe 'to save us from sinners.' \sd people \sd religion \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.252.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipnuxš \ps n \ge big-nosed person \de big-nosed person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip- (ϡinstrϡ.excessive) + nuxš (nose)>] \cf nuxš \ce nose \sd people \sd descriptions \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.253.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipo \ps n \ge smth salty \ge salty, smth \de smth salty \gn cosa salada \gn salada, cosa \dn cosa salada \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip (salt) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf tip \ce salt \cf tipo \ce to be salty \sd food \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.253.4, 298.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipqəp \ps n \ge big-bellied one \de big-bellied one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip- (excessive) + qəp (belly)>] \cf qəp1 \ce surface of the belly; womb \cf tipqəp \ce to be big-bellied \sd body \sd descriptions \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.253.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipʔaqləw \ps n \ge large-necked one \de large-necked one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip (ϡinstrϡ.excessive) + ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqləw (swallow; ingest)>] \cf ʔaqləw \ce throat/neck \cf aqləw \ce to swallow; to ingest \xv 1. tsyət lokaʔałtipʔaqləw \xe 'here comes the large-necked one.' \sd descriptions \sd body \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.254.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipʔatəšwə \a ʔałtipatəšwə \va (ʔałtipatəšwə) \ps n \ge sorcerer \ge smn who uses herbs/medicine to kill \de smn who uses herbs/medicine to kill; sorcerer \gn brujo \dn brujo \ee This word is given with and without ejectivity on the bilabial plosive. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip- (ϡinstrϡ.excessive) + ʔatəšwə (herb; charm; hope; dream; talisman)>] \cf ʔałʔatəšwənitš \ce one who uses herbs to heal/do good \cf ʔatəšwə \ce herb; dream; hope; charm; talisman \xv 1. lokašʰatiwə ʔan wašətš ʔixʔanwa, ʔałʔowo, ʔan ʔałtipʔatəšwə \xe 'his wife was a good looking woman, light complexioned, but had lots of herbs (yerbas).' \sd religion \sd culture \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.172.4, 254.2-3; 94.366.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipʔišuš \ps n \ge smn with much pubic hair \ge pubic hair, smn with much \de smn with much pubic hair \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip (ϡinstrϡ.excessive) + ʔišuš (pubic hair)>] \cf ʔišuš \ce pubic hair \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \xv 1. hesikʔišuš \xe 'the hair of my genital parts.' \sd body \sd descriptions \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.254.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipʔoqwo \ps n \ge one with much hair (on the head) \ge hair (on the head), one who with \de one with much hair (on the head) \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip- (excessive) + ʔoqwo (hair of head)>] \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \cf tipʔoqwo \ce to have much hair \sd body \sd descriptions \sd people \lg JPH \rf 89.255.1-2; 94.365.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtonowš \ps n \ge hairless (from some illness), smn/smth \ge smn/smth hairless (from some illness) \de smn/smth hairless (from some illness) \ee This is said of animals, not of people. It refers to an illness that causes loss of hair and scratching. Possibly refers to mange. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tonow () + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \xv 1. ʔałtonowš \xe 'his hair has fallen out' (said of a dog). \xv 2. neʔeštonowš hesikʰqo \xe 'my dog is lossing his hair.' \xv 3. kʰqisə ʔištəʔəniwaš šaʔałtonowš \xe 'I saw a dog with his hair all fallen out.' \xv 4. neʔekʰqišənwaš sihaʔw saʔałtonowš kisitsʔotsʰohoʔoy ʔan tšišušʔutš \xe 'I have seen some foxes with their hair out and others with lots of hair.' \xv 5. haw̓ ʔi ʔałtonowš \xe 'a mangy fox.' \sd descriptions \sd animals \sd body \sd descriptions \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.255.4, 256.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtʔutʔu \ps n \ge one-eyed person \de one-eyed person \gn tuerto, un \dn un tuerto \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tʔutʔu (be one-eyed)>] \cf tʔutʔu \ce to be one-eyed \xv 1. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałtʔutʔu \xe 'one-eyed man.' \sd body \sd people \sd descriptions \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.256.3-257.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtsapiyət \ps n \ge dirge singer \ge singer, dirge \de dirge singer \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + api-2 (ϡincepϡ) + yət (come; arrive at)>] \cf apiyət \ce to perform (sing) incantations at night \cf sapiyət \ce to begin to sing \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. ʔiʔałtsapiyət \xe 'dirge singers.' \sd people \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.257.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtsələnəʔəp \ps v \ge like to chase after women \ge chase after women, like to \de to like to chase after women \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + sələ- () + nəʔəp (continue; go on)>] \cf sələnəʔəp \ce to do much of something \xv 1. ʔałtsələnəʔəp \xe 'he likes women much, does not like to do anything but just chase around after women.' \sd emotions \sd people \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.257.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtsinaxkuhu \ps n \ge ghost \de ghost \ee Harrington notes that this translates literally as, ‘that which scares’. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + si- () + nax- (ϡinstrϡ.time) + kuh (person; human) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \cf sinaxkuhun \ce to make others die from dreams of (the) dead \sd religion \sd mythology \rf 69.230.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałtsukweypiwu \ps n \ge poisoner (as of squirrels) \de poisoner (as of squirrels) \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + kwey (empty by pouring) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + -wu (ϡ3nsg.objϡ)>] \cf kwey \ce to empty by pouring of one’s own accord; to be emptied \cf sukwey \ce to pour from one dish into another; to poison \xv 1. lokaʔałtsukweypiwu kapistuk \xe 'poisoner of squirrels.' \xv 2. huksukweypiwu \xe 'I am going to poison him.' \sd people \sd animals \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.259.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ʔałtsuyitsʔa \ps n \ge imp \ge mischievious one \de imp; mischievious one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + suya- (ϡdesϡ) + itsʔaw (play)>] \cf itsʔaw \ce to play with \cf suyitsʔa \ce to want to play \sd people \sd descriptions \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.259.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtsʔətsʔə \ps n \ge smth sharp \ge sharp, smth \ge smth with a long point \ge point, smth with a long \de smth with a long point; smth sharp \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tsʔətsʔə (be sharp)>] \cf tsʔə \ce to be spicy; to be hot (as is said of food); to burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \cf tsʔətsʔə \ce to be sharp \cf yuqtsʔətsʔə \ce to run to a fine point \xv 1. ʔułyi ʔisʔałtsʔətsʔə \xe 'it has a long point.' \xv 2. hesəʔəw ʔan ʔiškom̓ ʔisʔałtsʔətsʔə \xe 'this knife is double-edged.' \sd hunting \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.259.3-4 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx ʔałtšahatš \ps n \ge flint pointed arrow \de flint-pointed arrow \ee This word cannot be applied to a bayonet. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + sah (tooth/teeth) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf sa \ce tooth/teeth \cf šahatš \ce to have good teeth \sd hunting \sd archery \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.260.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšapʰanəšmu \ps n \ge world \de world \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ts- (3.ϡpossϡ) + ʔap (living place; house) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ʔałtšapʰanəšmu \ce world \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \cf ʔapʰanəšmu \ce village; place where there are many houses \sd places \lg TJPH \rf Prayer14 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ʔałtšaqškʔunapaš \ps n \ge shore fisherman \de shore fisherman \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + šaqškʔunapaʔaš (fish on the shore)>] \cf šaqškʔunapaʔaš \ce to fish on the shore; to surf-fish \xv 1. latsiʔił siʔiʔałšaqškʔunapaš ʔan tsinaʔakawayu \xe 'some people who surf-fish on horseback.' \xv 2. tšʔiłwaš siʔiyʔałtšaqškʔunapaš \xe 'there were fishermen' (the type that fished on the shore). \sd people \sd hunting \sd ocean \sd food \sd fish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.260.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšaqtišumuš \ps n \ge kind of sorcery/magic \ge sorcery/magic, kind of \ge magic/sorcery, kind of \de kind of sorcery/magic \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + aqti- (ϡinstrϡ.interfering) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + umu (bring to) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf aqtišumuš \ce to conjure \sd religion \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.260.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšatišwənitš \ps n \ge married person \de married person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + ša- () + ti- (ϡaugϡ) + iwə (related to relationships) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf šatiwə \ce spouse \cf šatiwənitš \ce to be married \xv 1. xʔanwa ʔi ʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'married woman.' \xv 2. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'married man.' \xv 3. ʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔiyʔiʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'married men.' \xv 4. ʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔi muʔiʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'unmarried men.' \xv 5. muʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'unmarried person.' \xv 6. muʔałtšatiwənitš ʔi xʔanwa \xe 'unmarried woman.' \sd people \sd kinship \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.261.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšaxtawašətš \ps n \ge true one \de true one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + aqti- (ϡinstrϡ.absorption) + wasə (be good in form, manner, or action) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf axtawašətš \ce to be the truth \cf wašətš \ce to be good; to be pretty; to be well \xv 1. lokakoko kaʔałtsaxtawašətš \xe 'the true father.' \xv 2. ʔalaxtawašətš \xe 'it is true.' \xv 3. lokapałhaš ʔan tšaxtawašətš \xe 'what you said is the truth.' \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.261.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšəpəš \a ʔałšəpəš \va (ʔałšəpəš) \ps n \ge teacher \de teacher \ee This word is occasionally used to represent Coyote. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + səp (teach) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \sy ʔałtšəpš \cf ʔałšəpəšiwaš \ce Coyote; old teacher \cf səp \ce to teach \cf šəpəš \ce student; one taught \xv 1. no ʔan kqisə šaʔałtšəpəš \xe 'I saw a teacher.' \sd people \lg TJPH \rf 89.262.1-2; Daughter5 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšəpš \ps n \ge teacher \de teacher \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + səp (teach) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \sy ʔałtšəpəš \cf səp \ce to teach \cf šəpəš \ce student; one taught \sd people \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.262.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšik \ps n \ge one who has lice \ge lice, one who has \de one who has lice \mr [<ʔal- (NZ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + šik (headlouse/headlice)>] \cf šik \ce headlouse/headlice; shell worm \xv 1. hesikawkawiyaʔa ʔan ʔiyʔałtšik ʔan ʔəhə \xe 'the kawiya have lice' (This is solely the opinion of the original consultant, and may originally have been given only as a syntactic example and or humorously. This example does not reflect the opinions of past and living Chumash, nor does it reflect the opinion of the author). \sd people \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.263.1 \dt 12/Jun/2019 \lx ʔałtšinaxkuhutš \ps n \ge one who makes others die by dreams of the dead \de one who makes others die by dreams of the dead \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + ?si- () + nax- (ϡinstrϡ.time) + kuh (person; human) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \cf sinaxkuhun \ce to make others die from dreams of (the) dead \xv 1. no ʔan kʔałtšinaxkuhutš \xe 'I am one who makes people die by dreams of dead.' \xv 2. no ʔan huksinaxkuhunus \xe 'I am going to make him die from dreams of dead person.' \xv 3. tsʰinaxkuhunit \xe 'he made me die from dreams of dead.' \sd people \sd religion \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.263.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšitaqnəʔəpš \ps n \ge interpreter \de interpreter \ee This is the only translation Harrington gives for this word. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + itaq- (ϡinstrϡ.hearing) + nəʔəp (continue; go on) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf šitaqnəʔəpš \ce to interpret; to be an interpreter \sd people \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.263.3; 90.756.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtškoninitš \cf ʔałkoninitš \ce smth wormy \sd variations \dt 21/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałtšošoy \ps n \ge smn/smth black \ge smth/smn black \ge black person \ge black, smth \de smn/smth black; black person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + šošoy (be black)>] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔantšotšoy (ʔantsotsoy) \pde smn/smth black.DIM; black person.DIM \cf šošoy \ce to be black; to be dark \xv 1. laʔkʰan ʔiskumił loʔkatštəə̀niwaš kaʔałtšošoy kiseqʰmelewìł, ʔałʔip kakixilikšaši! \xe 'when a black dog comes to lap you, it means, take care!' \sd people \sd descriptions \sd colors \rf 89.264.1-265.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałtšum \a ʔaltšum \ps n \ge money \ge treasure \ge anchovy \de money; treasure; anchovy \et *ʔala-qu-Cum ‘clam species' \ec Compare BOI ʼančum ‘money,’ ʼalaqucʼum ‘clam species,’ CRZ ʼalaqucum ‘money,’ INZ ʼalcʰum ‘money,’ ʼalaqucʼum ‘clam species,’ PUY ʼałčum ‘money,’ OBI łʼaanaqucu (Klar 1977: 97) \cf ʔałʔałtšumitš \ce smn wealthy \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. ʔəhə ʔišʔałtšum \xe 'he is rich.' \xv 2. ʔiyʔałʔałtšumitš ʔəhə ʔišiyʔałtšum \xe 'they are rich men.' \xv 3. ktipay suʔuštšʔəmənəš šaʔałtšum \xe 'I dug up a hidden treasure.' \xv 4. huksinay sikʔałtšum \xe 'I am going to put my money on the table (as for gambling).' \xv 5. kʰan tsipsinay lokapʔałtšum losiwanku ʔan tsʔił ʔisixip lokapʔałtšum \xe 'if you put your money in the bank it brings interest.' \xv 6. kuštəł suʔuštšʔəmənəš sa’ałtšum, kiksukitwo, knunaʔał lokakʔap \xe 'I found the buried treasure, I got it and took it home.' \xv 7. kʔuwe numis ʔisʔəhə saʔałtšum saʔałtšnukumi \xe 'but he always brings back a lot of money.' \xv 8. ʔałtšum ʔisʔap lokaslow̓ \xe 'money is the Eagle house, he lives in the money.' \xv 9. kilasʔisʔismo lokašʔałtšum \xe 'and he heaps up money.' \sd culture \sd common \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.19.1-20.2; 89.269.4-272.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałtšunuqš \ps n \ge foreigner \ge white man \ge Spaniard \de foreigner; white man; Spaniard \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + sunuq (carry on horseback) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf sunuq \ce to carry on horseback \xv 1. tsiyət saʔałtšunuqš \xe 'white men are coming.' \xv 2. muku kin ʔałtšunuqš \xe 'they are not Indian, they are foreigners.' \xv 3. tsyət šaʔałtšunuqš \xe 'a whiteman (Spaniard) is coming' (they would say). \xv 4. hesikuhkuʔu kʔuwe yəlaʔa tsiyʔuw šipəʔəš kašiyʔiyʔałtšunuqš ʔan tsiyʔuw, ʔəhə saliyaqtšum lokapəʔəš \xe 'the Indians all (all those down the coast) ate acorn mush and those of the nation ate it, there were lots of those of the nation who liked it' (‘of the nation’ refers primarily to Spaniards). \sd people \sd neologisms \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.268.1-3 \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałtšutayitš \a ʔałšutayitš \va (ʔałšutayitš) \ps n \ge respectable person \de respectable person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + tayi (respect smth/smn) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf sutayi \ce to respect; to put respect in \cf tayi \ce to respect smn/smth \xv 1. ʔałšutayitš \xe 'he is respectable.' \xv 2. ksutayi lošaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I respect that man.' \xv 3. no ʔan ksutayinił \xe 'I respect you.' \xv 4. tšʰutayiš losixaʔax ʔišup \xe 'this shrine is much respected.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.269.1; 91.44.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšuyałhašlaš \a ʔałtsuyałhašlaš \ps n \ge gossip \ge great talker \ge talker, great \ge smn who speaks much \de gossip; great talker; smn who speaks much \gn hablador \dn hablador \ee It is unlcear from the data whether this is a verb or a noun. It seems to be used as a verb from the examples given. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + suya- (ϡdesϡ) + ałhaš (speak) + -laš ()>] \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \xv 1. kʔałtšuyałhašlaš \xe 'I am a speaker,' \xn 'soy hablador.' \xv 2. no ʔan kałhaš \xe 'I speak,' \xn 'yo hablo.' \xv 3. no ʔan kałhašlaš \xe 'I am speaking.' \xn 'estoy hablando.' \xv 4. ʔałtsuyałhašlaš \xe 'a speaker,' \xn 'hablador.' \sd people \sd language \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.182, 183, 258.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšuyapoʔoš \ps n \ge Milky Way \de Milky Way \ee Literally this means, 'it goes (always) to the pine nuts.' Old men would say this of the Milky Way when it led to the north. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + suya- (ϡdesϡ) + poš (heart; pine nut)>] \cf poš \ce heart; pinenut; pinyon nut \cf šuyapoʔoš \ce to go collecting pinenuts \xv 1. šuyapoʔoš \xe 'go pick pinenuts!' (name for the Milky Way). \xv 2. tšʰuyapoʔoš \xe 'he is going piñoning.' \xv 3. tšnaʔał šipošpoš \xe 'he is going where the pine nuts are.' \sd astronomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.359; 89.266 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšuyatowš \ps n \ge quarlsome person \de quarlsome person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + suya- (ϡdesϡ) + towš (fight)>] \cf towš \ce to fight \sd people \sd descriptions \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.267.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšuyaxmušʰaši \ps n \ge one who loves him/herself \ge loves him/herself, one who \ge one who praises him/herself \ge praises him/herself, one who \de one who loves him/herself; one who praises him/herself \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + suya- (ϡdesϡ) + axmuš (praise) + -šVš (ϡreflϡ) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)>] \cf axmuš \ce to praise \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.267, 388.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšuyoʔoštəš \ps n \ge fucker \ge one who wants to fuck \de fucker; one who wants to fuck \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + suya- (ϡdesϡ) + ʔoš(tə) (fuck; have sex with) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ʔoš \ce to have sex with; to fuck \cf šuyoʔoštəš \ce to want to fuck \xv 1. ʔałtšuyoʔoštəš \xe 'he is a fucker.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.267.3; 90.308.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalułkuwitš \ps n \ge feared one \ge one who inspires fear \ge fear, one who inspires \de one who inspires fear; feared one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ulkuw (be night(time)) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \cf ułkuwitš \ce to inspire respect to the point of fear \xv 1. tšʔalułkuwitš \xe 'he is a very respected man, seriously, so that they even fear him.' \xv 2. tsisuwaxaʔax ʔisiyiwon lokaməy, tšiyalułkuwitš ʔisiywon \xe 'the wolves had a low-pitched resonant sound, they inspired fear.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔalułkuwitš \xe 'I am a feared person.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.274.2-275.1; 91.392.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalułtšawawa \ps n \ge steam \ge vapor \de steam; vapor \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ultšawawa (steam; give off steam)>] \cf ułtšawawa \ce to steam; to give off steam \xv 1. qisə lošalułtšawawa \xe 'look at the steam.' \xv 2. tšułtšawawa \xe 'it steams' ; 'steam arises.' \sd food \sd heat \sd water \sd elements \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.393.4-394.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaluqštu \ps n \ge deaf person \de deaf person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + uqš- () + tu (ear)>] \cf ʔuxstu \ce to be deaf \cf tu1 \ce ear \xv 1. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔaluqštu \xe 'deaf man.' \sd people \sd body \sd descriptions \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.273.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalušʔeš \a ʔalušeʔeš \va (ʔalušʔeš) \ps n \ge badger \de badger \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + ʔe (of digging into) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ušʔe \ce to scratch the surface of \cf ušʔeš \ce to dig (with hands or instruments) \xv 1. lokaʔalušʔeš ʔan tštaxtaxšətš \xe 'the badger is strong.' \xv 2. lamusʰuwaqniʔił ʔisoxokonono lokaʔalušʔeš \xe 'the badger snores very faintly.' \xv 3. loʔkaʔalušeʔèš ʔan tštaxtaxšətš ʔi šušeʔeš \xe 'the badger is a strong digger.' \xv 4. loʔkaʔalušeʔèš ʔan tšušʔè loʔkašušeʔèš loʔkašaqʰšanùtš kisʔùw loʔkatsʰintskonìn kašaqʰšanùtš \xe 'the badger digs into graves and eats worms.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.704.2-708.2; 89.276.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalušeʔeš \cf ʔalušʔeš \ce badger \sd variations \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔalušʰowutš \pl ʔiyʔałʔalušʰowutš \ps n \ge widow(er) \de widow(er) \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ušʰo (leave; let; let go; release) + –w (ϡepthϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ušʰo \ce to leave; to let; to let go; to release; to allow; to permit \xv 1. hesixʔanwa ʔan ʔalušowutš \xe 'this woman is a widow.' \xv 2. ʔalušʰowutš \xe 'a widower.' \xv 3. neʔekʔalušʰowutš \xe 'I became a widow.' \sd people \sd kinship \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.15; 89.276.2-277.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałwakʔay \ps n \ge surface \de surface \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + wakʔay (be on top of)>] \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \xv 1. losiqasqas ʔan tšaputišošoy saʔałwakʔay \xe 'the sand is getting dark on its surface.' \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.284.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałwałpštəhə \a ʔałwałpstəhə \va (ʔałwałpstəhə) \ps n \ge lizard species \de lizard species \gn salamanquesa (salamanquéz) \dn salamanquesa (salamanquéz) \ee This lizard species was said to be greenish blue. When its tail broke off, the tail was said to sprinkle poison about (it is possible that this evaluation is a cultural belief). It is possible that this word refers to a salamander species. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + wal- (ϡinstrϡ.swathing) + ps- () + təhə ()>] \cf wałpštəhə \ce to throw with the finger \xv 1. xilikʰšašì ! kimusaxikił! pakeʔet loʔiswałpštəhə̀ kiwə tsʔił ʔisʰin ʔałnaqšʰa \xe 'don’t touch it! for the lizard is poison(ous).' \xv 2. loʔkaʔałwałpštəhə̀ ʔan tšuwaštəwəkʰš ʔištəqʰšaʔàš, laʔkʰan sipaxikʰpì sipón̓ ʔan tšałpʰatàtà kiswałpwałpštəhə̀ \xe 'the lizard is a blue color, if you touch it lightly [?with] a stick, the lizard splits in two (all the pieces begin to jump around and sprinkle out poison).' \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd amphibians \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.250.2-253.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałwašqawawhatš \ps n \ge centipede \de centipede \ee Literally, 'he who goes fast with all his legs like flying.' \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + waš-1 (ϡinstrϡ.paddling) + qawawah (wing; fin) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf qawawa \ce wing; fin \cf qawawaha \ce to be winged \cf qawawahatš \ce to be positioned with the arms straight out to the side of the body \xv 1. no ʔan kqawawahatš \xe 'I extend my arms straight horizontally from shoulders.' \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.306 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałwertšigu \ps n \ge apricot \de apricot \et \ec Compare tšawakan ‘apricot’ [] \xv 1. lokaʔałwertšigu ʔan tšiyuštipeš ʔisirwelu \xe 'the apricots were mixed with the plums.' \sd food \sd plants \sd agriculture \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 91.500.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałxaʔax \ps n \ge fat one \ge large one \de fat one; large one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + xaʔax (be big; be large; be thick; be fat)>] \cf xaʔax \ce to be big; to be fat; to be large; to be thick \xv 1. kaqutikuk hesikʰinʔałxaʔax \xe 'I stubbed my great toe.' \sd descriptions \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.244.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxałtsiqom \ps n \ge scorpion \de scorpion \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + qal̓- (ϡinstrϡ.together) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + i-2 (ϡtr.iϡ) + qʔom (be doubled up)>] \cf qʔom \ce to be doubled up \cf siqʔom \ce to fold so as to bend back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔoməš \ce smth bent back on itself \sd nature \sd animals \sd insects \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.158.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxay̓ \ph ˈˀɑɬxɑj̰ \ps n \ge bobcat \de bobcat \ee Harrington refers to this as a ‘mountain lion (the smaller of two species)’; contradictory statements say it is larger than ͽʔałʔapʔałpay. Different/later interpretations say it denotes the bobcat. \cf ʔałʔapʔałpay \ce large cat species \cf tukʔem̓ \ce mountain lion \xv 1. ʔipakeʔet loʔkaʔałxay̓ kaloʔkatukʔem \xe 'the bobcat and mountain lion are of one family.' \xv 2. pi nipʔałxay̓ ? \xe 'you are a mountain cat?' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.403.2; 71.934.2-941.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxili \ps n \ge oil \ge fat \ge lard \ge butter \ge grease \ge meat \de oil; fat; lard; butter; grease; meat \gn manteca \dn manteca \et *qilhi \ec Compare BOI –xil ‘fat,’ INZ s-xil ‘fat,’ OBI k/qiłhi ‘fat’ (Klar 1977: 85) \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + xili ()i>] \cf ʔałxilitš \ce to be greasy \xv 1. hukispuwe ʔisʔałxili \xe 'I am going to buy butter or lard.' \xv 2. ʔəhə ʔisʔałxili \xe 'it is an oily fish.' \xv 3. tsʔałxili šipoš \xe 'the pinenut contains a lot of oil.' \xv 4. tsʔałxili ʔištaponpon \xe 'the fat around the kidneys.' \xv 5. tsiyoqmow sipawapaw hesaʔałxili \xe 'the flies are thick all over the meat.' \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.245.2-4, 246.1-2 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxiliknaš \ps n \ge caretaker \ge police \de caretaker; police \mr [] \cf xiliʔik \ce to take care of; to watch over \xv 1. kikasʔip, “ksuyakitwo ʔiti, ʔəhə sukaluštʔey,” kʔuwe lokaʔałʔaluštšʔəmətš ʔan tšuliʔiš kikašnulaluʔus lokaʔałxiliknaš (the police, o.k.), kikašamaqšik lokaʔaqšikšmu \xe 'and he said, "I want to leave here, I have a lot of business," but the undertaker arrested him and took him to the police.' \sd people \sd neologisms \rf JPH; TJPH \rf 85.542.2-543.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxilitš \ps n \ge greasy, be \de to be greasy \mr [<ʔalxili (oil; fat; lard; butter; grease; meat) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔałxili \ce oil; fat; lard; butter; grease; meat \xv 1. tšʔałxilitš hesikpu \xe 'my hand is greasy.' \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.246.3, 298.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxuʔla \a ʔałxula \ps n \ge cryer \ge cry-baby \de cryer \xv 1. lokaʔałxula \xe 'that cryer.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.247.1-3 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔałxululu \ps n \ge buggy \ge cart \de buggy; cart \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + xululu (roll (as is said of a ball or wheel))>] \cf xululu \ce to roll (as is said of a ball or wheel) \xv 1. kikasiyutiyəkʰ loʔkasʰin ʔalxululu \xe 'they were inside a cart.' \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.247.4; Coyo8 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxupani \ps n \ge bronco \ge horse that kicks and bites \ge stubborn animal \de stubborn animal; bronco; horse that kicks and bites \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + xupani (kick (said only of animals))>] \cf xupani \ce to kick (said only of animals) \xv 1. hesikawayu ʔałxupani \xe 'this horse is stubborn.' \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.248.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxuxa \ps v \ge afraid, be \de to be afraid \ee This word is a verb and not a nominalized form. Notice example two where the third person singular prefix is used with the verb, something prohibited in regular, nominalized forms. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + xuxa (be cowardly)>] \sy itəmə \cf oxonišpi \ce to be afraid of \cf xuxa \ce to be cowardly; to be timid \xv 1. kʔałxuxa \xe 'I am afraid.' \xv 2. tsʔałxuxa \xe 'he is uneasy, has fears.' \xv 3. kʰan ʔisʔałxuxa \xe 'when it is afraid.' \xv 4. no ʔan kʰałʔałxuxa \xe 'I am a coward.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.248.2; 93.101.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałyawyaʔaw \ps n \ge cheerful person \de cheerful person \ee Consultant notes that this denotes a person who is very cheerful and contented, like a happy bootblack who is content with little, never worries, and is never sad. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + yawyaʔaw (be cheerful)>] \cf yawyaʔaw \ce to be cheerful \sd descriptions \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.214.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamʔamaməʔə \ps n \ge body.REDUP \de body.REDUP \cf ʔamam̓ə \ce body \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamʔamə \cf ʔamam̓ə \ce body \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamʔamiʔi \ps n \ge sibling, older.REDUP \ge brother, older.REDUP \ge sister, older.REDUP \de older sibling.REDUP \cf ʔami \ce older sibling \sd reduplications \dt 22/Nov/2010 \lx ʔamaliyu \a ʔamaliyù \ps v \ge yellow, be \de to be yellow \mr [] \xv 1. loʔkatštəʔənìwaš kaʔamaliyù kisaqʰteqʰmelewìł \xe 'a yellow dog comes and caresses you.' \xv 2. tšwonwonoqš šaʔałtšošoy kasaʔamaliyu \xe 'it is striped black and yellow.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd colors \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.705.2; Bad18 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamam \ps n \ge grandchild \de grandchild \ee What a woman calls her daughter's daughter or son. \lg JPH, KO \rf 72.220.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔamamə \cf ʔamam̓ə \ce body \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamaməniwaš \a ʔaməniwaš \a ʔamamənwaš \a ʔamənwaš \ps n \ge corpse \ge dead body \de dead body; corpse \mr [<ʔamam̓ə (body) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔamam̓ə \ce body \cf ʔamə \ce flesh; meat; fruit \xv 1. lokasʔamaməniwaš lokakwopowaš huʔamtipay, huʔamsukitwoa \xe 'they are going to dig up the body of my grandfather.' \xv 2. kilokasʔamaməniwaš ʔan tšwatšʔəw \xe 'and throws the old bodies of the flies away.' \xv 3. huktipay lokasʔamamənwaš (Ϟor lokasʔamaməniwaš, Ϟor lokasʔamənwaš) \xe 'I am going to dig up his body.' \sd anatomy \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.286.3; 89.287.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamamənwaš \cf ʔamaməniwaš \ce dead body; corpse \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamam̓ə \va ʔamamə \a ʔamamə \a ʔamam̓ə̀ \a ʔamʔamə \rd ʔamʔamaməʔə \ps n \ge body \de body \ee This word is unspecific as to the animacy of the body. See usage where the body is alive and dead. \et *ʔVmin̓ \ec Compare BOI ʼam̓in ‘meat; body,’ INZ ʼamɨn̓ ‘meat; body,’ OBI ʼimɨ(ʼ) ‘meat; body’ (Klar 1977: 96) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + amamə (be the body of)>] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔamaməniwaš \pde body.DEPR \cf ʔamaməniwaš \ce dead body; corpse \cf ʔamə \ce flesh; meat; fruit \cf amamə \ce to be the body of \xv 1. hesikʔamam̓ə \xe 'my body.' \xv 2. kʔamaʔmə, \xe 'my body.' \xv 3. tsʔamamə ʔi šaqšanùtš \xe 'a body of a dead person.' \xv 4. tšišaw hešikʔamam̓ə \xe 'my body is warm.' \xv 5. ʔəhə sikʰintštep hesikʔamamə \xe 'I have many fleas on my body.' \xv 6. mitmitʔi ʔan lakasiʔamam̓ə kamusilunaʔał \xe 'they are small and that is already the bodily size of them and they grow no more.' \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.285.2-286.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔamelikanu \a ʔamerikanu \va ʔamerikanu \ps n \ge American \de American \mr [] \xv 1. pakeʔet ʔiswop, roberto káles kaskoko, roberto kales ʔan ʔamerikanu ʔipakəwaš, xosé ʔan tseqpeyus lokaskoko, muʔułyi, qnowowo, kʰantšnehet lokaskoko \xe 'there was one of his sons, [?of whom] Roberto Cales [was] the father. Roberto Cales [was] an old American man, Jose followed after his father, he was not tall, he was short, and therefore just as his father.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd people \sd names \lg TJPH \rf 3.88.41.1; 3.89.491.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamerikanu \cf ʔamelikanu \ce American \sd variations \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔamə \rd ʔaməʔə \ps n \ge flesh \ge meat \ge fruit \de flesh; meat; fruit \ee This word is used of meat and fruit in general. There is a separate word for meat from a cow. This form seems to be generally, inherently possessed. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼam̓in ‘body,’ CRZ p-am̓ay ⁓ ala-p-am̓ay ‘body,’ INZ ʼamɨn̓ ‘body,’ PUY ʼamə ‘body, meat’,’ OBI ʼimɨ(ʼ) –no meaning given- (Klar 1977: 132) \cf ʔamaməniwaš \ce dead body; corpse \cf ʔamam̓ə \ce body \cf ʔamənətš \ce to have seed; to be with seed \xv 1. tšlomlom ʔi ʔamə \xe 'it's meat is a little tough.' \xv 2. musʔił tsʔamə \xe 'it has no meat' (in its body or shell). \xv 3. lokasʔamə ʔan tšaqnitšum \xe 'its meat is fine tasting.' \xv 4. tsiyʔuw lokaštum kaʔisʔamə \xe 'they eat their eggs and meat.' \xv 5. heʔisʔamə tskʔitutišihitš \xe 'the meat is a little tough.' \xv 6. yəlaʔa lokasʔamə kałʔiwaštʔəw \xe 'they threw away all its body.' \xv 7. kinelašwatipšokʔi lokaʔałkaputš ʔan neʔemusʔił tsʔamə \xe 'when the cattle chased by wolves at last falls to the ground there is no more meat left on its bones.' \xv 8. tsʔił ʔispon̓ kiloʔištək kasʔił ʔisʔamə \xe 'it has a stem and at the tip of it is the fruit.' \sd animals \sd food \sd plants \sd anatomy \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.287.4-289.1; 91.274.2-276.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaməʔə \ps n \ge flesh.REDUP \ge meat.REDUP \ge fruit.REDUP \de flesh.REDUP; meat.REDUP; fruit.REDUP \cf ʔamə \ce flesh; meat; fruit \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamənətš \ps v \ge seed, have \de to have seed; to be with seed \mr [<ʔamə (flesh; meat; fruit) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔamə \ce flesh; meat; fruit \xv 1. neʔešʔamənətš \xe 'already it has seed.' \sd plants \sd agriculture \sd food \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.289.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaməniwaš \cf ʔamaməniwaš \ce dead body; corpse \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamənwaš \cf ʔamaməniwaš \ce dead body; corpse \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamha \ps vt \ge sneak up upon \ge spy upon (as in war) \de to sneak up upon; to spy upon (as in war) \cf ʔamhatš \ce to raise and lower oneself \cf susʔamha \ce to sense (sight, hearing, taste, temperature) \xv 1. hukʔamhanus lokawə́ \xe 'I sneak up on the deer.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd warfare \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.289.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔamhatš \ps v \ge raise and lower oneself \de to raise and lower oneself \ee This is said specifically of certain motions a lizard makes. \mr [<ʔamha (sneak up upon; spy upon (as in war)) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ʔamha \ce to sneak up upon; to spy upon (as in war) \xv 1. tsʔámhátš \xe 'it steals up on game' (said also of lizard raising and lowering itself when watching for flies). \sd verbs \sd body \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.260.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔami \rd ʔamʔamiʔi \ps n \ge sibling, older \ge brother, older \ge sister, older \de older sibling \xv 1. kʔami \xe 'my older brother/sister!' (vocative). \xv 2. xwan ʔan aleqpeyus lokasʔami \xe 'Juan resembles his older brother.' \xv 3. huksutinəʔəp loʔkakʔami \xe 'I am going to move my [older] brother from here.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 72.230.4; 91.365.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamiwu \ps n \ge friend \de friend \mr [] \sy ʔaqškʔutiwə \xv 1. lokakʔamiwu ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'my friend told me.' \xv 2. kikəpə ʔan hukuniyəw hesikʔamiwu \xe 'and now I am going to look for my friend.' \xv 3. kwelexš lokasʔap kʔuwe kakʔamiwu mušnupnupahaʔa munaskuta \xe 'I passed my friend's house but there was no stirring.' \xv 4. kwašʰu lokaʔatʔaxatš, kwašʰu lokaʔatʔaxatš, tsʔił sikʔamiwu ʔan tseqpeyus \xe 'I mistook the man, I have a friend whom he looks much like.' \sd people \sd common \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.290.3-291.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔan \hm 1 \ps prcl \ee This morpheme allows a referent to become left cleft of the modifying verb. Glossed as FOC when a focus particle and glossed as DEP when used as a relativizer or other marker of syntactic dependency. The use of this particle as a marker of focus can be seen in its frequent use with new (to the discourse) information and the way it sets this information left of the predicate. It is entirely possible that the examples given in sense II. also illustrate focus; we may simply lack the context to see this. \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \cf al- \ce stative verbal prefix \se I. \ge FOC \de focus particle \xv 1. hesikatu ʔan tšulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'the cat catches rats.' \xv 2. hesiletši ʔan tsʰeqenus lokaštšʔənəʔəš kakapʰe \xe 'the milk kills the strength of the coffee.' \xv 3. kasʔipus, ‘haku, haku, huki pałhin ?’ kəpə ʔan hukuwił \xe 'and he said to him, "what’s up? what’s up? what are you doing? now I am going to eat you". ' \xv 4. kaylo kaxʔanwa ʔan tštʔoloq \xe 'that woman is hungry.' \xv 5. kikəpə ʔan nelupinahet \xe 'and now what will you do?' \xv 6. lokakatu ʔan soxkonono \xe 'the cat is purring.' \xv 7. no ʔan kałtə sixʔanwa losikayi \xe 'I met the woman on the street.' \xv 8. no ʔan mukʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \xe 'I am not ticklish.' \xv 9. no ʔan tsʔił sikʔap lositəpʰə \xe 'I have a house in a forest.' \xv 10. pakeʔet ʔan tsamipʰ hušaqša tskumù ʔi skʔot \xe 'it was said of the four broken [ones] that one would die.' \xv 11. sikatu ʔan hušulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'a cat will catch the rats.' \xv 12. tšaqʰša pakeʔet šitakʰtəʔəš, kiloʔkatsʔohoy ʔan skʔotkʔot, yəlaʔa lokaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔan lakʰan tsinehetʰ \xe 'one animal died, the other was completely broken, [and] all the men were also so.' \xv 13. ʔalaxuwəł ka puʔpu ʔan tsʔił ʔišišʔap šimup \xe 'coyote and roadrunner had a house in a cave.' \xv 14. ʔišʔišʔilikʔenšteʔèš ka ʔišʔišʔuniyəw sułʔišʔuw. puʔpú ʔan tštapi saʔałmam̓útš sipón̓ \xe 'their method of living was searching for food. roadrunner entered a hallow of a tree.' \se II. \ge DEP \de dependent particle \xv 1. kaštapinə ʔan kpiliy lokayop \xe 'yesterday I got stuck in the tar.' \xv 2. kseqe ʔan kaypi̇ʔi̇ʔi kušiʔik kałwašətš sukqisəʔə lokaʔałalaxiyepš \xe 'I pulled it out, for this reason it ached all the more, it seemed well for me to go to see the doctor.' \xv 3. losikʔelew ʔan kałtsusamha ʔišʔaqnipaʔaš \xe 'my tongue senses taste.' \xv 4. muʔampošotš hukiłʔałʔùw, laʔkʰan šipuliʔìš ʔan tšmiš šaʔaniwàš \xe 'they do not know what it eats, when you seize it it weeps blood (in reference to the horned lizard).' \sd particles \lg TJPH \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔan \hm 2 \ps n \ge blood \de blood \ee Refers to blood inside or outside the body. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaniwaš \pde blood.DEPR \cf ʔanutš \ce to be bloody \xv 1. tsʔan \xe 'its blood.' \xv 2. hesikʔan \xe 'my blood.' \xv 3. hesikʔaniwaš \xe 'my blood' (presumably this would refer to old blood, maybe on a rag or such thing). \xv 4. kušʔak saʔan \xe 'I defecate blood.' \xv 5. kpašpaš saʔan \xe 'I vomit blood.' \xv 6. latšə ʔisiyʔuwit lokakʔan \xe 'the mosquitoes suck my blood all the time.' \xv 7. kumeł ʔišʔaniwaš, tsapitsʔə ʔišʔaniwaš, muštšum ʔišʔaniwaš, mušwašətš \xe Lit., '(its) old blood is bad, (its) old blood is hot, (its) old blood is not agreeable, it is not good' (there may be some idiomatic translation that is being missed here). \xv 8. muʔampošotš hukiłʔałʔùw, laʔkʰan šipuliʔìš ʔan tšmiš šaʔaniwàš \xe 'they do not know what it eats, when you seize it it weeps blood' (in reference to the horned lizard). \sd anatomy \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔan- \ps pre \ge NZ.DIM \de diminutive nominalizing prefix \ee Glossed as NZ.DIM. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ)>] \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \sd prefixes \sd diminutives \lg TJPH \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanaməkə \a anaməkə \va anaməkə \ps v \ge tolerate \ge support \ge hold \de to tolerate; to support; to hold \mr [<ʔana- () + məʔək (to be far; to be far away; to last) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \xv 1. tsʔanaməkə ʔisenhes \xe 'he tolerates the sound' (of a duck). \xv 2. lapʔanaməkə lapwakapʔiʔiʔi lokasisaqikʔikił lokapʔałʔaliwəʔə \xe 'suffer with patience the weaknesses of those close to you.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.295.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanapiqe \ps n \ge fledgeling \de fledgeling \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + api-2 (ϡincepϡ) + qe ()>] \cf apiqe \ce to begin to fly \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.296.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanaputiilikʔe \ps n \ge animal that is motionless in the current \de animal that is motionless in the current \ee This refers to snails, etc. which remain much of the time motionless in the ocean current. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + aputi- (ϡinstrϡ.current) + ilikʔe (sit; stay; remain)>] \cf ʔalaputinałnaʔał \ce animal that moves in the ocean \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.114 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanaputiteqpey \ph ˀɑnɑpʊtɪtɛqʰpɛj \ps n \ge shellfish which cling to rocks \de shellfish which cling to rocks \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + aputi- (ϡinstrϡ.current) + teq- (ϡinstrϡ.attaching) + pey (smear; spread on)>] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \xv 1. tsʰin ʔanaputiteqʰpey ʔi tʔayà \xe 'there are barnacles on the back of that abalone shell.' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd shellfish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.23.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanaqtip \a ʔanaqʰtip \ph ˀɑnɑqʰtɪp \ps v \ge shot, be a good \ge marksman, be a good \de to be a good shot; to be a good marksman \ee In old days some were good shots and some were not. There were 'malos' and 'buenos.' This word does not seem to have strong aspiration on the uvular stop. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałʔanaqtip \pde to be a good shot.NZ; to be a good marksman.NZ \xv 1. kʔanaqtip (Ϟor kʔałʔanaqtip) \xe 'I am a good shot.' \xv 2. tsʔanaqtip \xe 'he is a good shot; he is a good marksman.' \xv 3. saʔanaqʰtip \xe 'I am a good archer.' \xv 4. latsiʔił siʔiyʔałʔanaqtip \xe 'There were some men that were good shots.' \sd people \sd verbs \sd hunting \sd archery \lg JPH \rf 89.162, 294.2-295.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔanaqtskutanpinpin \sc Charadrius vociferus \ps n \ge killdeer \ge small beach birds \ge birds, small beach \de killdeer; small beach birds \gn tildio \dn tildio \ee Coastal wader about the size of a chicken with a long neck and thing beak bent at the tip. Its back is brown and it’s rump and chest are white. It nests among reeds and feeds on insects, mollusks, and worms. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + ts- (3.ϡpossϡ) + kuta (get up; slope up) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + pin (movement along the beach/shore.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf kuta \ce to get up; to slope up \sd animals \sd birds \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.317.1; 89.241.2, 295.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ʔanaqtskutipoxpox \ps n \ge mole \de mole \ee It was said that the mole was once a messenger, but he was a traitor and thereafter condemned to live a subterraneous life. It is suggested that ‘kuti ’ in this word is related to the verb kuti in BOI meaning ‘to see’ \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + ts- (3.ϡpossϡ) + kuti- (?see) + pox (vocalize nasally.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf pox \ce to vocalize nasally \xv 1. loʔkaʔanaqʰskutipoxpox ʔan kʰsen̓wàš muskumlì loʔkasxilałtəmù kikasamtənùs kaʔisamyikus susʔatʔap laʔtšʰə̀ heʔismaʔàm hemišupʰ \xe 'mole was an announcer, but he did not fulfill his duty, so they named him and gave him to live always below the earth.' \sd mammals \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.821.2-829.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔanatʔamam \cf ʔanatʔam̓am \ce raccoon \sd variations \dt 07/Jan/2013 \lx ʔanatʔam̓am \a ʔanatʔamam \va (ʔanatʔamam) \ps n \ge raccoon \de raccoon \gn mapache \dn mapache \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + ʔatʔam (go along a stream.ϡredupϡ; wade.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf ʔatʔamli \ce to go along a stream; to wade \cf ʔutʔam \ce river \xv 1. loʔkaʔanatʔam̓am ʔan tsuniyəw sułʔuw ʔi sułkù \xe 'the raccoon hunts at night.' \xv 2. hesaʔanatʔamam ʔan latšə ʔisalinałnaʔał suʔułʔułkuʔuw, kiʔišnaxyət ʔan tšaliqšihitš \xe 'the raccoon always wanders about nights and naps in the daytime.' \xv 3. loʔištək ʔi šteleq loʔkaʔanatʔam̓àm ʔan tsihin kuhusisunuwùs susiwaqʰsikùs sałʔaqʰniyəwùs \xe 'they use the tip of the tail of the raccoon to paint what they fancy.' \xv 4. loʔkasiwontšəʔəš loʔkaʔanatʔam̓àm ʔan tseqʰpeyùs lokaswelexmen kapon̓ lamuhusxaʔàx loʔkapon̓, tsapaqʰskʔəy kaʔis[ʰ]uwaxexéw̓ \xe 'the noise of the raccoon resembles the falling over of a tree, only a tree that is not so big, it creaks like [wood in] a fire but not so harsh [lit., somewhat hoarse].' \xv 5. loʔišteleqʰ ʔan tšušʔúš \xe 'its tail is long-haired.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.874.1-880.2; 89.198.2; 94.66.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanəš \ps n \ge uncle (father's brother) \de uncle (father's brother) \cf tata \ce uncle (mother's brother) \xv 1. kʔanəš \xe 'my father's brother.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 72.239.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanipe \ps n \ge swallow (species) \de swallow (species) \gn golondrina \dn golondrina \xv 1. no ʔan kʔanipè \xe 'I am a swallow.' \xv 2. tspat ʔi šolòp \xe 'mud nest.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.415.1-416.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔaniso \a aniso \va (aniso) \ps n \ge seagull \ge gull \de seagull; gull \gn gaviota \dn gaviota \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼanisóʼ ‘seagull,’ CRZ cʼolo ‘seagull’ (related?), INZ ʼaniso ‘seagull’ (Whistler 1980: 53; Beeler & Klar 1977: 116; SYBCI 2007: 52) \xv 1. no ʔan kʔaniso \xe 'I am a seagull.' \xv 2. tštum ʔi ʔanisò \xe 'seagull egg.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.419.1-420.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaniwoho \ps n \ge ant (half black, half red) \de ant (half black, half red) \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + iwoho ()>] \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.277.2 \dt 08/Apr/2018 \lx ʔanixwoškʔoloy \cf ʔanixwotškʔoloy \ce duck with green wings; mallard \sd variations \dt 30/Jun/2012 \lx ʔanixwotškʔoloy \a ʔanixwoškʔoloy \a anixwatškoloy \va (ʔanixwoškʔoloy, anixwatškoloy) \ps n \ge duck with green wings \ge mallard \de duck with green wings; mallard \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ʼoloxwoškoloy ‘duck species (large with blue head and neck)’ (SYBCI 2007: 504) \xv 1. no ʔan kʔanixwotškʔoloy \xe 'I am resplendent' (Ϟor 'I am a mallard duck'). \xv 2. tsʔip, "xwat xwat xwat xwat xwat xwat xwat" \xe 'the duck says xwat, etc.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.423.1-425.2 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaniyu \ps n \ge ring \ge wedding band \de ring; wedding band \mr [] \xv 1. huksutapi hesikʔułya hesikʔaniyu \xe 'I am going to put my ring on' (only verb used). \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd clothes \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.296.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanmaxwakʔay̓ \ps n \ge wild cucumber \ge cucumber, wild \de wild cucumber \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + maq-2 (ϡinstrϡ.string/rope) + wakʔay (be on top of) + -ʔ (ϡfgϡ)>] \gn chilecote \dn chilecote \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \sd food \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.86.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔantap \ps n \ge ’antap \de ’antap \ee A society of elders and influential leaders of a tribe that controlled and oversaw certain tribal activities. It was thought that they had their own language. The etymology of the name indicates they were people who gathered inside a place. Harrington notes that the location was a ‘petate enclosure at ancient fiestas,’ called ͽliyək or ͽsiliyək in Ventureño. The Jamisar language supports the Ventureño etymology: tsúrupkim yə́varpe, ‘those who enter the enclosure.’ \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + tap (visit; enter (the residence of))>] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \sd culture \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 88.283.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔantimenkeyeye \a ʔantimenkeyeyè \a ʔantimenkeyeyé \sc Phrynosoma \ps n \ge horned toad \ge toad, horned \ge horned lizard \ge lizard, horned \de horned toad; horned lizard \gn falso camaleon \gn camaleon, falso \dn falso camaleon \xv 1. muʔampošotš hukiłʔałʔùw laʔkʰan šipuliʔìš ʔan tšmiš šaʔaniwàš \xe 'they do not know what it eats, when you seize it it weeps blood' (in reference to the horned lizard). \xv 2. yəlaʔa hesikù ʔan mušuqonəšpì loʔkaʔantimenkeyeyè kiwə̀ xaʔàx ʔisexneqenpi heʔišup \xe 'the people never hurt the horned toad for it keeps attention to the world.' \xv 3. loʔkaʔantimenkeyeyè ʔan yəlaʔa heʔisʔamam̓ə̀ ʔan tstsʔətsʔə̀ tšaqwin loʔismaʔam kałmustsʔətsʔə̀ tsiwałqʰlay tšiwinetšeš yəlaʔà ʔi ʔałtsʔətsʔə̀ \xe 'all the body of the horned lizard is sharp, only the underside is not sharp, it is smooth and crowned with spikes.' \xv 4. loʔkaxšap ʔan tsaqʰləw̓ə̀ loʔkaʔantimenkeyeyé kasaqutiple loʔkaʔantimenkeyeye. kisuwelewele heʔišyəwəš kiswewèkʰ heʔisʔamə kalokatspax lokaxšap kikaskitwò \xe 'the rattlesnake swallows the horned lizard and the horned lizard is finished. then he [the horned lizard] shakes his head, he tears his the snake's flesh and skin and exits.' \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.254.1-257.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔantipsnekey \cf ʔantipšnekey̓ \ce lizard (species) \sd variations \dt 18/Feb/2012 \lx ʔantipšnekey \cf ʔantipšnekey̓ \ce lizard (species) \sd variations \dt 18/Feb/2012 \lx ʔantipšnekey̓ \a ʔantipšnekéy̓ \a ʔantipšnekéy \a ʔantipšnekèy \a ʔantipsnekey \a ʔantipšnekey \va (ʔantipsnekey, ʔantipšnekey) \ps n \ge lizard (species) \de lizard (species) \ee Described as a small lizard. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + ti- (ϡaugϡ) + pš- () + nek(ʔ)ey ()>] \cf psnekey \ce to be turned up; to point up \xv 1. kasaʔantipšnekéy pʰala ʔan tsʰinayuswu \xe 'and he trapped lizards.' \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.258.1-2; Roadrunner14 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔantsotsoy \cf ʔantšotšoy \ce smn/smth black.DIM; black person.DIM \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔantšə \ps n \ge sea urchin \ge urchin, sea \de sea urchin \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd shellfish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.72.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔantšintšinš \ps n \ge hairy caterpillar \ge caterpillar, hairy \de hairy caterpillar \ee Harrington offers no further clues as to the classification of this insect. \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 94.67.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔantšotšoy \a ʔantsotsoy \va (ʔantsotsoy) \ps n \ge smn/smth black.DIM \ge smth/smn black.DIM \ge black person.DIM \de smn/smth black.DIM; black person.DIM \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + šošoy (be black.ϡdimϡ)>] \cf ʔałtšošoy \ce smn/smth black; black person \sd diminutives \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔantšutšʔutš \ps n \ge sea cradle \de sea cradel \ee This is a diminutive form of ͽʔalšušʔutš ‘the hairy one.’ \mr [<(ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + šušʔ (hair) + -Vtš ((ϡvz.propϡ).ϡdimϡ)>] \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \sd animals \sd nature \sd shellfish \sd ocean \rf 70.171; 89.298.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanutš \ps v \ge bloody, be \de to be bloody \mr [<ʔan2 (blood) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔan2 \ce blood \xv 1. tšʔanutš hesikpu \xe 'my hand is bloody.' \xv 2. naštəʔəʔə tšʔanutš lokaxəp, naštəʔəʔə tsamqisə. kʔuwe samʔip ʔan mušaqša lokaqunup kʔuwe šeqwełtšəši sipistuk \xe 'the rock is still blood-stained, it can still be seen. and they say that the child did not die but was turned into a ground-squirrel.' \sd body \sd stative \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔanyapax \ps n \ge Anacapa Island \de Anacapa Island \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼanyapax ‘Anacapa,’ INZ ʼanyapax ‘Anacapa Island’ (Whistler 1980: 71; SYBCI 2007: 53) \xv 1. wáqsə́, ʔitšʰa ʔányapax \xe 'look now, Anacapa!' \xv 2. ʔanyapax ʔan tsaqutiqumelus mitsqanaqan \xe 'Anacapa is opposite Ventura.' \sd places \lg JPH \rf 69.15.1; 89.125.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔap \rd ʔapʔaʔap \a ʔáp \ps n \ge house \ge living place \de house; living place \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼap ‘house,’ CRZ ʼawa ‘house,’ INZ ʼap ‘house,’ OBI łʼimɨ ‘any house,’ PUY mama ‘house’ (Whistler 1980: 3; Klar 1977: 50; SYBCI 2007: 52; Klar 19__a: 31; NAA Purisimeño Field Notes, ms 6017pt) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔapiwaš \pde living place.DEPR; house.DEPR \cf ʔałʔapʔałpay \ce large cat species \cf ʔałtšapʰanəšmu \ce world \cf ʔałʔapʰanəš \ce home owner; owner of a house \cf ʔalapʰanitš \ce resident; smn (living) in a house \cf ʔapwaš \ce old house \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \cf ʔapʰanəšmu \ce village; place where there are many houses \cf ʔapʰanəšmunwaš \ce ruined city; old rancheria \cf ʔapʰpi \ce to live in \cf ʔatʔap \ce one who dwells below \cf ʔatʔapliʔiš \ce east; down country; smn from the coast \cf ʔatʔapwima \ce Santa Rosa islander \cf ašulap \ce to invite \cf maxsuwalaʔap \ce to toe ashore \cf qołnowonəš \ce hut shaped like a half egg \cf suwalaʔap \ce to wash up smth; to cast ashore \cf šatʔap \ce to wash ashore (said of fish only) \cf tšʰatʔap \ce ocean debris (foam, dead fish, etc.) \cf walaʔap \ce to land; to go ashore \cf xutiwalaʔap \ce to land hurriedly \xv 1. kwelexš lokasʔap kʔuwe kakʔamiwu mušnupnupahaʔa \xe 'I passed my friend's house but there was no noise' (he had not gotten up). \xv 2. no ʔan santa barbara kakʔap \xe 'I live in Santa Barbara.' \xv 3. no ʔan kiliklikʔenwaš santa barbara \xe 'I used to live in Santa Barbara.' \xv 4. mupsutikumus hesikʔap ! \xe 'don't come near to my house!' \xv 5. kaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'village.' \xv 6. hesaʔap ʔan tskumu ʔismaʔam \xe 'this house has four rooms.' \xv 7. nełpʔap \xe 'where do you live?' \xv 8. hesixus ʔan lositəptəpʰə kasʔap \xe 'the bear lives in the woods.' \xv 9. kipisinaʔay lokaʔałpenayəwə kaʔap \xe 'put ye it in last house in the outskirts of the village.' \xv 10. tseqweł ʔisʔap hemišup \xe 'it makes its nest in the ground.' \xv 11. lomotʔo siyʔikʔikmen̓ kasʔap \xe 'he lives outside the waves.' \xv 12. tsiyeqweł ʔisiyʔap heʔismaʔam siqasqas \xe 'they make their holes in the sand.' \xv 13. no ʔan tsʔił sikʔap lositəpʰə \xe 'I have a house in a forest.' \sd culture \sd common \sd places \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.616; 89.291.2, 299.1-300.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔapap \cf ʔapapʰa \ce ball \sd variations \dt 23/Oct/2011 \lx ʔapapitš \ps v \ge play (base)ball \de to play (base)ball \mr [<ʔapapʰ(a) (ball) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔapapʰa \ce ball \xv 1. hukʔapapitš \xe 'I am going to play ball (baseball).' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.310.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapapʰa \a ʔapàpʰ \a ʔapap \va (ʔapapʰ) \ps n \ge ball \de ball \ee This term not applied to 'shinney ball' \et *apapa \ec BOI ʼapʼap ‘ball,’ INZ ʼapap ‘ball,’ OBI tikʼul apapa‘ball’ (Klar 1977: 68) \cf ʔapapitš \ce to play (base)ball \cf tštakałʔapapʰa \ce gall (of a plant) \xv 1. lokaʔapapʰa \xe 'a ball' (such as a baseball to play with). \sd gaming \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.310.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔapapʰanəšmu \cf ʔapʰanəšmu \ce village; place where there are many houses \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapayək \ps n \ge large sweathouse \ge sweathouse, large \de large sweathouse \gn temescal (temascal) \dn temescal (temascal) \ee The large sweathouse had a door in the roof. See also Hudson & Blackburn (1986: 36 41). \cf ʔuqštilulu \ce small sweathouse \sd culture \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.304.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapətəʔəš \ps n \ge sole of foot \de sole of foot \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + apət (tread on; step on) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \xv 1. tšutišihitš heʔišʔapətəʔəš sʔastipił \xe 'his footsole is thick' (said of barefoot Indian). \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.313.4, 314.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapətəš \ps n \ge pace \ge step \de pace; step \ee This is a measurement of distance, the number of paces one would have to take. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + apət (tread on; step on) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \xv 1. ʔiškom̓ šaʔapətəš \xe 'two steps.' \sd common \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.315.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapətinaʔaš \cf ʔapətinaš \ce slope; ascent \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapətinaš \a ʔapətinaʔaš \va (ʔapətinaʔaš) \ps n \ge slope \ge ascent \de slope; ascent \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \sd geography \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.318.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapətwənmu \ps n \ge ladder \de ladder \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + apət (step on) + -wu (ϡ3nsg.objϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \xv 1. hukapəti hesaʔapətwənmu \xe 'I am going to climb up the ladder.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.319.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ʔapi \a ʔapí \a api \va (api) \ps prcl \ge hey \ge so \ge okay \ge well \de hey; so; okay; well; tell me more \gn á ver \dn á ver \xv 1. ʔapí saxtawasə̀ \xe 'so, tell me the truth.' \xv 2. ʔapi hukawsumu \xe 'hey, give me some so I can take a taste.' \xv 3. ʔapinitšmomonəš \xe 'see if it is complete.' \xv 4. nełkaʔaʔan api šuškuyit \xe 'how is it?' \xv 5. kʰqisə ʔapi niskəyəmi \xe 'I sight a long arrow to see if it is straight.' \xv 6. ʔapi nitšiyutʔuxš hałtšaqšanutš sikawayu \xe 'to see if they can smell the dead horse.' \xv 7. kasilikʔè kikasiqiliʔik loʔkasʔiwə̀ ʔapí nełtsalinetus \xe 'he sat [there] and looked with attention after his comrade to see how she got her prey.' \xv 8. kʰqisə ʔapi niskəyə́mi \xe 'I look (sight along arrow) to see if it’s straight.' \xv 9. hukiyapałhay ʔapi ʔasku hałʔałxałməkəʔə \xe 'let’s see which of us 3+ can jump the furthest.' \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.319.2-4; Travels16 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔapimešeš \ps n \ge guest \ge invited person \de invited person; guest \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + api-2 (ϡincepϡ) + mes (traverse; travel across) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf apimes \ce to invite \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. ʔapimešeš \xe 'he is invited.' \sd people \sd manners \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.329.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapišaʔaš \ps n \ge wood gathering strap \de wood gathering strap \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + apiʔiš (gather wood) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf apiʔiš \ce to gather wood \sd culture \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.331.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapišmu \ps n \ge firewood, place for \ge place for firewood \de place for firewood \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + apiʔiš (gather wood) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf apiʔiš \ce to gather wood \sd places \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.331.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapiwaš \cf ʔapwaš \ce old house \sd variations \dt 29/Jun/2018 \lx ʔapš \ps v \ge hot, be \de to be hot \ee See probable relationship to api 1 ‘INSTR.heat/fire.’ \cf tšʔapš \ce broth; juice; soup; milk \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \sd heat \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.181.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔapunitse \sc Rhinobatos productus \ps n \ge shovelnose guitarfish \ge guitarfish, shovelnose \de shovelnose guitarfish; shovelnose shark \gn guitarra (especie de tiburón) \dn guitarra (especie de tiburón) \ee Harrington glosses this as ‘shovelnose shark,’ another common name for the shovelnose guitarfish. The Spanish translation offered here is ‘guitarra.’ Harrington notes that this does not refer to the same shark as ͽʔonyoko. See also www.dfg.ca.gov. \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg (JPH; TJPH) \rf 71.57.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapwaš \a ʔapiwaš \ps n \ge old house \ge house, old \de old house \mr [<ʔap (house; living place) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \xv 1. ʔapʔinawayiwaš \xe 'very old house.' \xv 2. 1. ʔalasʔił hałʔapʔapwaʔaš ʔan neʔesixmenxmen lokasiyilikʔenutš kakukuʔu \xe 'maybe there were some old houses fallen down where people had lived.' \sd places \sd culture \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.334.4-335.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapʰa \ps v \ge build a house \ge house, build a \de to build a house \mr [<ʔap (house; living place) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔałʔapʰanəš \ce home owner; owner of a house \cf ʔapʰanəšmu \ce village; place where there are many houses \cf ʔalapʰanitš \ce resident; smn (living) in a house \cf ʔałtšapʰanəšmu \ce world \cf ʔapʰanəšmunwaš \ce ruined city; old rancheria \cf ʔapʰanitš \ce to live smwh \xv 1. tsʔapʰa \xe 'he makes a house.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukʔapʰa \xe 'I am going to make a house.' \xv 3. lokapistuk ʔan tsʔapʰpi lokapon̓ \xe 'the squirrel lived in the tree.' \xv 4. hesixus ʔan lositəptəpʰə kasʔap \xe 'the bear lives in the mountain.' \xv 5. tsʔapʰa šiʔišaw \xe 'the sun has a ring around it' (lit., ‘the sun is building his house’). \xv 6. tsʔapʰa saʔawhay \xe 'the moon has a ring around it' (lit., ‘the moon is making its house’). \xv 7. tsʔapʰá saʔawhay, hustuhuy \xe 'the moon has a ring around it, it is going to rain' (lit., ‘the moon is making its house, it is going to rain’). \sd common \sd places \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.300.4; 346.3-347.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapʰanəšmu \rd ʔapapʰanəšmu \a ʔapanəšmu \a ʔapʰanəšmù \va (ʔapanəšmu) \ps n \ge village \ge place where there are many houses \de village; place where there are many houses \mr [<ʔap (house) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ʔałtšapʰanəšmu \ce world \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \cf ʔapʰanəšmunwaš \ce ruined city; old rancheria \xv 1. ʔapanəšmu \xe 'the place where they have many houses.' \xv 2. hušnali loʔišʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'he is going to his village.' \xv 3. lokasihinwot lokaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'the captain of the village.' \xv 4. kikaskitwo lokaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'and she left the village.' \xv 5. nełpʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'which ranchería or village are you from?' \xv 6. yəlaʔa hešaʔapapʰanəšmu \xe 'all the villages.' \xv 7. kiyʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'our village.' \xv 8. tsʔił saʔapʰanəšmu ʔalałpay ka mišup \xe 'there is a world above and one below this world.' \xv 9. ʔapʰanəšmu mišup ; ʔapʰanəšmu ʔalałpay \xe 'the world below ; the world above.' \sd culture \sd places \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.346.4, 347.3, 348.1-349.3; 94.392.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapʰanəšmunwaš \ps n \ge ruined city \ge old rancheria \ge rancheria, old \de ruined city; old rancheria \mr [<ʔap (house) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -waš (ϡpstϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \cf ʔapʰanəšmu \ce village; place where there are many houses \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.346.4, 349.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapʰanitš \ps v \ge live smwh \de to live smwh \mr [<ʔap (house) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \xv 1. tšʔapʰanitš lokałʔəhə kasiwid \xe 'he lives in the seaweed.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.346.4, 349.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapʰpi \ps v \ge live in \de to live in \mr [<ʔap (house; living place) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \xv 1. lokapistuk ʔan tsʔapʰpi lokapon̓ \xe 'the squirrel lived in the tree.' \sd verbs \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.337.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapʔaʔap \a ʔapʰʔaʔàp \ps n \ge house.REDUP \ge living place.REDUP \de house.REDUP; living place.REDUP \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \sd reduplications \dt 07/Dec/2012 \lx ʔaqišmonəš \ps n \ge done business \de done business \mr [] \cf aqismo \ce to assist financially \sd common \sd economics \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.20.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqitsuʔum \cf ʔaqitsʰuʔum \ce signal; sign; mark \sd variations \dt 01/Dec/2011 \lx ʔaqitsuum \cf ʔaqitsʰuʔum \ce signal; sign; mark \sd variations \dt 01/Dec/2011 \lx ʔaqitsʰuʔum \a ʔaqitsuʔum \a ʔaqitsuum \va (ʔaqitsuʔum, ʔaqitsuum) \ps n \ge signal \ge sign \ge mark \de signal; sign; mark \ee This is said of things put to show the way for somebody (such as a bough in the road, blazing of a tree, handkerchief hanging on a tree, etc). This term cannot be applied to bodily gestures. There is no such word as ͽhukaqitsʰumus. \cf aqitsʰuʔum \ce to be a sign; to be a signal; to make a sign; to make a signal; to mark smth \xv 1. huksinayus saʔaqitsʰuʔum lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to place a sign for the man.' \xv 2. huksinay saʔaqitsuum \xe 'I will put a signal.' \xv 3. musʔił tsaʔaqitsuum \xe 'there is no sign.' \xv 4. huksinayus ʔisʔaqitsuʔum lokaʔatʔaxatš, kihusqisə hešaʔaliyaš \xe 'I am going to a put a sign so that the man will know the road.' \sd common \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.402.2; 89.21.2-4, 22.3, 193.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqitšʔətšʔənəš \ps n \ge smth with a point \ge point, smth with a \de smth with a point \cf tsʔə \ce to be spicy; to be hot (as is said of food); to burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \cf tsʔətsʔə \ce to be sharp \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqi- () + tsʔətsʔə (be sharp) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \xv 1. lokaʔaqitšətšʔənəš \xe 'that which has a point.' \sd hunting \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.22.4 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx ʔaqiwo \rd ʔaqʔaqiwoʔo \ps n \ge star \de star \gn estrella \dn estrella \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaqiwo ‘star,’INZ ʼaqiwo, ‘star,’ OBI ʼaqʰlikʰ ‘star,’ PUY ʼaʼiwo ‘star’ (Applegate 1972; 193; Beeler & Klar 1977: 121; Whistler 1980: 3; Klar 1977: 119) \mr [<ʔaqiwoʔ>] \cf ʔaqiwoʔotš \ce to have many stars \xv 1. ʔaqiwo ʔi ʔalaxtaqimayə \xe 'evening star.' \xv 2. tsʔił ʔisʔaqiwo (Ϟor tšʔaqiwoʔotš) \xe 'it has many stars.' \xv 3. tsapiyam saʔaqiwo \xe 'a star falls.' \xv 4. ʔaqiwo heʔmilimoł \xe 'north star (Polaris).' \xv 5. ʔaqiwo ʔi xʔanxʔanwa \xe 'The Pleiades' (lit,. ‘stars of women’). \sd astronomy \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.87.2 ; 89.27.1-28.2, 140 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqiwoʔotš \ps v \ge stars, have many \de to have many stars \mr [<ʔaqiwoʔ (star) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔaqiwo \ce star \xv 1. tšʔaqiwoʔotš \xe 'it has many stars' (said of the American flag). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd meteorology \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.27.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqiyahan \ps v \ge overtake \ge come to \de to overtake; to come to \ee This means literally 'to correspond to' \xv 1. tsʔaqiyahanit \xe 'something overtakes me' OR 'something comes to me.' \sd verbs \sd motion \rf 89.16.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqkəyəmi \ph ˀɑqʰkǝjǝmɪ \ps v \ge straighten (arrow) in fire \de to straighten (arrow) in fire \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq- (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + kəyəmi (be straight)>] \cf ʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \ce arrow straightener \cf kəyəmi \ce to be straight \xv 1. huksutapi hesinə kuhukaqʰkəyəmi \xe 'I am going to put [this stick] in the fire so that I can straighten it.' \sd culture \sd hunting \sd archery \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.29-30; 92.29.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \rd ʔaqʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \ph ˀɑqʰkǝjǝmɪnɑˀɑʃ \ps n \ge arrow straightener \de arrow straightener \ee This was a certain kind of stone with grooves that was heated. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq- (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + kəyəmi (to be straight) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf kəyəmi \ce to be straight \sd tools \sd culture \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.29-30 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqkʔapəʔəš \ph ˀɑqʰk̕ɑpǝˀǝʃ \ps n \ge tweezers \ge tongs \ge pliers \ge smth long and thin that grasps items \de smth long and thin that grasps items; tweezers; tongs; pliers; chopsticks \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + kʔap (pinch between two items) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf aqkʔap \ce to pinch between two items (as with chopsticks, forefinger and middle finger, buttocks) \sd food \sd tools \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.33.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqləw \ps n \ge throat/neck \ge neck/throat \de throat/neck \mr swallow’ [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + ləw ()>] \cf ʔałtipʔaqləw \ce large-necked one \cf aqləw \ce to swallow; to ingest \cf aqləwə \ce to swallow; to ingest \cf tatʔaqləw \ce to grab by the throat \xv 1. sikʔaqləw \xe 'my throat.' \xv 2. ʔułyi ʔisʔaqləw \xe 'it has a long neck.' \xv 3. tsʔił ʔišmeš heʔisʔaqləw \xe '(the pelican) has a bag under his throat.' \xv 4. tsitsʔuqtsʔuqit hesikʔaqləw \xe 'I have sharp pains in my throat.' \sd anatomy \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.25.4-36.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqləwənəʔəš \ps n \ge gullet \ge Adam's apple \de gullet; Adam's apple \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + ləw () + -V (ϡvz.iϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf aqləw \ce to swallow; to ingest \cf aqləwə \ce to swallow; to ingest \xv 1. sikʔaqləwənə̀ʔə̀š \xe 'my gullet.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.36-37 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqməkə \ps n \ge upper back \ge back, upper \de upper back \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + məʔək (be far; be far away) + -V (ϡvz.i.redupϡ)>] \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \cf mət \ce back \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.38.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqmilaʔaš \a ʔaqmilaʔaš \ps n \ge drinking cup \ge cup, drinking \de drinking cup \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + mil (water) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf aqmił \ce to drink \xv 1. nelo kak’aqmilaʔaš \xe 'where is my drinking cup?' \xv 2. nełpsinay lokak’aqmilaʔaš \xe 'Where did you put my drinking cup?' \lg JPH; TJPH \sd food \sd water \sd common \rf 89.40 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqmu \a ʔaqmu \a ʔaqmun \va (ʔaqmun-) \ps v \ge jealous of, be \de to be jealous of \ee Harrington notes that ͽʔalataqmu, 'he is jealous,' is the general term used. Note the preference for using the VZ.PROP suffix ͽ-Vtš. \cf ʔalaqmunetš \ce smn/smth jealous of another/smth \xv 1. tšʔaqmunetš hesixʔanwa \xe 'the woman is jealous.' \xv 2. tsʔaqmunenił \xe 'he is jealous of you.' \xv 3. tšitows siyʔiyalaqmunetš \xe 'they bite, they are jealous' (final fricative of first word assimilated to first fricative of second word). \xv 4. ʔalaqmunetš \xe 'a jealous person.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.41.2; 92.41.1 \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqnəpmu \ps n \ge where coras are made \ge coras are made, where \de where the old women get together and make coras \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + nəʔəp (make/weave a cora) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf aqnəʔəp \ce to make/weave a cora \sd culture \sd basketry \sd clothes \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.42.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqnipaʔaš \ps n \ge taste \de taste \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqni- (resemble) + ʔip (say; tell) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf aqniʔip \ce to have the taste of \xv 1. wašətš ʔisaqnipaʔaš \xe 'it has a good taste.' \xv 2. losikʔelew ʔan kałtsusamha ʔišʔaqnipaʔaš \xe 'my tongue senses taste.' \xv 3. ksusamha ʔišʔaqnipaʔaš \xe 'I sense the taste.' \sd food \sd common \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.48.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqniyəwus \ps n \ge abundance \de abundance \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqni- (resemble) + yəw2 (be good luck to) + -us (ϡaplϡ)>] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf aqniyəwus \ce to will; to desire \cf yəw2 \ce to be good luck to \xv 1. lokałʔaqniyəwus lošipʰpoš tsiwon loʔkapʔək \xe 'of the abundance of your heart, your mouth sounds.' \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 3.69.318.2/xutaš2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqsik \ps n \ge thong \ge strap \de thong; strap \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqsik (tie; apprehend)>] \cf aqsik \ce to apprehend; to tie; to imprison \xv 1. tsʔaqsik ʔisʔeqenmu \xe 'his/her thongs (guarache).' \xv 2. tsamaqsik \xe 'they got him and took him to prison.' \xv 3. tšiyaqšikšaši \xe 'the tendrils tie themselves.' \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.57-61, 119; Daughter2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqskʔatata \rd ʔaqʔaqskʔatata \ps n \ge split-stick \de split-stick \cf aqskʔatata \ce to clap (with split-stick) \xv 1. ʔałnəw ʔi ʔaqʰskʔatata \xe 'split-stick singer.' \xv 2. tsamaxinaʔał saʔaqskʔatata \xe 'they are dancing the split-stick dance.' \sd religion \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.62.3-63 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqšanəʔəš \a ʔaqšanəš \va (ʔaqšanəš) \ps n \ge disease \ge epidemic \de disease; epidemic \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqša (die) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf aqša \ce to die \xv 1. tsyət saʔaqšanəʔəš \xe 'an epidemic came.' \xv 2. tskumit šaʔaqšanəš \xe '?I came down with an illness,' \xn 'me vino una enfermidad.' \xv 3. kitpen lokanawaʔaʔy ʔan tskumuswu tskumu šaʔaqšanəš lokatšotšonəʔəš \xe 'I remember that a long while ago the fishes got an epidemic.' \sd common \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.74.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqšanəš \cf ʔaqšanəʔəš \ce disease; epidemic \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqšəyəšmu \ps n \ge store house \de place where provisions were reserved/kept \mr [<ʔaqšəyəš () + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \sd places \sd food \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.393.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqšikšmu \ps n \ge place where things are tied on \de place where things are tied on \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqsik (apprehend; to tie; imprison) + -š (ϡipfvϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf aqsik \ce to apprehend; to tie; to imprison \xv 1. loʔisiʔaqsikmu katʔo \xe 'where the mussels are fastened on.' \sd places \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.60.3 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqšiwiłmu \ps n \ge dining place \ge place (table or floor) where meals are regularly eaten \de dining place; place (table or floor) where meals are regularly eaten \mr [<ʔaqšiwił () + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \xv 1. nełpiyʔaqšiwiłmu \xe 'where do you eat all the time.' \xv 2. nełpʔuwlilonutš \xe 'where did you eat [your meal]? \xv 3. hesitip ʔan tsʔił ʔiti šaʔaqšiwiłmu \xe 'the salt is where we eat.' \sd food \sd common \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.79.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqškutiwə \cf ʔaqškʔutiwə \ce friend \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqškʔutinay̓ \ps n \ge plaything \ge toy \de plaything; toy \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqšk- () + ʔutʔinay (baby (of breast))>] \cf ʔutʔinay̓ \ce baby (of breast) \xv 1. sikʔaqškʔutinay̓ \xe 'my toy.' \sd common \sd gaming \lg JPH \rf 89.81; 94.394.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqškʔutiwə \rd ʔaqʔaqškʔutiwəʔə \a ʔaqʰškʔutiwə̀ \a ʔaqškutiwə \a aqškʔutiwə \va (ʔaqškutiwə, aqškʔutiwə) \ps n \ge friend \de friend \mr [<ʔaqšk- () + ?ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + iwə (related to relationships)>] \sy ʔamiwu \cf ʔaqškʔutiwəš \ce to play with (smn or smth) \xv 1. kʔaqškʔutiwə \xe 'my friend.' \xv 2. tsiyakuhu sikʔaqʔaqškʔutiwəʔə \xe 'he has many friends.' \xv 3. laʔkʰan ʔisʔił sipʔaqškutiwəki husʰuyuwahanił ʔan husyət \xe 'when you have a confidential friend, if he/she wants you [then] he/she comes.' \sd people \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.82.1; Advice011 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqškʔutiwəš \ps v \ge play with (smn or smth) \de to play with (smn or smth) \mr [<ʔaqšk- () + ?ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + iwə (related to relationships) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔaqškʔutiwə \ce friend \xv 1. tšiyaqškʔutiwəšwu \xe 'they are playing with them.' \xv 2. kikasiyikuswu lokaqunqunup kuhušiyaqškʔutwəš \xe 'and they give him to the children to play with.' \sd gaming \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.82.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqtəpəš \a aqtəpəš \ps n \ge fire (as of wood stacked and burning) \de fire (as of wood stacked and burning) \gn lumbrada \dn lumbrada \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqtəʔəp (make a fire) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf aqtəʔəp \ce to make a fire (for) \xv 1. tšamšumay šiyʔitʔepeš lokaʔaqtəpàš \xe 'they threw chia into the fire.' \sd elements \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 89.92; 91.14.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqtəpmu \ps n \ge fireplace \de fireplace \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqtəʔəp (make a fire) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \sy sapiwiłmu \cf aqtəʔəp \ce to make a fire (for) \sd places \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.74.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqtəwəw \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqta- (ϡinstrϡ.air) + ?iwəw(ə) (be quiver; palpitate)>] \se I \ps n \ge wind \de wind \xv 1. lokaʔaqtəwəw ʔan tsaqtopoyhonwaš kaštapinə \xe 'the wind was blowing yesterday.' \xv 2. tšnunałwu saʔaqtəwəw sitsʔəmə \xe 'the wind carries the clouds.' \se II \ps v \ge windy, be \de to be windy \xv 1. tsaqtəwəw \xe 'it is windy.' \xv 2. tsaqləw saʔaqtəwəw \xe 'he is swallowing wind.' \sd meteorology \sd descriptions \sd common \sd elements \lg TJPH \rf 89.35.2, 89.93-95 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqtikʔoymu \ps n \ge place where people sun themselves \ge sun themselves, place where people \de place where people sun themselves \mr [] \cf aqtikʔoy \ce to sun; to take in sun \sd places \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.98 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqtšummu \ps n \ge loved one's place \de place (house) of a loved one \ee Note the geminate [m]. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + tšum (be good; be agreeable) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf aqtšum \ce to like; to take a liking to \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. hupnaʔał hałtsʔap lokapʔaqtšummu ! \xe 'go to the house of your loved one!' \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.111.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaquntukaš \a aquntukaš \va (aquntukaš) \ps n \ge smth knotted \ge knotted, smth \de smth knotted \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ?aqul- (ϡinstrϡ.separating) + tuk(ʔ) (be bent; have kinks) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf aquntuk \ce to knot; to tie a knot \xv 1. koxpot lokaʔaquntukaš \xe 'I untied the knot' (that anybody may have tied). \xv 2. koxpot lokakaquntuk \xe 'I untied the knot I tied.' \sd household \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.119.2, 4-120.1; 92.93.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaquwałmay \ps n \ge shadow \de shadow \ee Said of inanimate objects. \mr [] \cf ʔaqwətəy \ce shadow \cf aquwałmay \ce to shade; to cast shadow \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. huktapi heʔismaʔam sipon̓ kałʔaquwałmay \xe 'I am going to enter under the shadow of a tree to shade myself.' \sd elements \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.128.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqwətəy \ps n \ge shadow \de shadow \ee Said of animate things. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqwətəy (cast a shadow)>] \cf ʔaquwałmay \ce shadow \cf aqwətəy \ce to cast a shadow \xv 1. hesikʔaqwətəy \xe 'my shadow' (shadow of the body on the ground, etc.). \xv 2. lawaliʔiʔin ʔisiwisə ʔialaqwətəy \xe 'as soon as they saw the shadow of him.' \xv 3. hukapaqtaha heʔisaqwətəy hekakʔap \xe 'I am going to place myself in the shade of my house.' \xv 4. tsqisə ʔisʔaqwətəy \xe 'he is looking at his own shadow.' \sd elements \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.132.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqwəyaš \cf ʔaqwəyəš \ce to be feathered (said of arrows) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqwəyəš \a ʔaqwəyaš \va (ʔaqwəyaš) \ps v \ge feathered (said of arrows), be \de to be feathered (said of arrows) \mr [<ʔaq- () + wəy () + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf aqwəy \ce to feather (arrows) \xv 1. neʔesʔaqwəyaš \xe 'it is already feathered.' \xv 2. ʔaqwəyəš \xe 'it is feathered (said of arrow).' \sd animals \sd birds \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.131.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqyoyonəʔəš \ps n \ge Adam's apple \de Adam's apple \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq- (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + yoyo () + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \xv 1. sikʔaqyoyonəʔəš \xe 'my Adam's apple.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.29.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqʰkəkš \cf aqkəkš \ce to eat only a single kind of food, straight and unmixed with other things; to eat only one kind of food at a meal \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqʔaqiwoʔo \ps n \ge star.REDUP \de star.REDUP \cf ʔaqiwo \ce star \sd reduplications \dt 06/May/2011 \lx ʔaqʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \ps n \ge arrow straightener.REDUP \de arrow straightener.REDUP \cf ʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \ce arrow straightener \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqʔaqskʔatata \ps n \ge split-stick.REDUP \de split-stick.REDUP \cf ʔaqskʔatata \ce split-stick \sd reduplications \dt 07/Jan/2011 \lx ʔaqʔaqškʔutiwəʔə \ps n \ge friend.REDUP \de friend.REDUP \cf ʔaqškʔutiwə \ce friend \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔas \ps n \ge mat \de mat \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼas ‘bench; chair; floormats,’ INZ ʼas ‘seat; mat’ (Whistler 1980: 4; SYBCI 2007: 78) \sy ʔalaskə \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔašiwaš \pde mat.DEPR \cf ʔašitš \ce to lie on a mat or bedding on the floor \cf ʔašiwaš \ce old mat \xv 1. huksuwaskə hesaʔas \xe 'I am going to tender this mat.' \xv 2. tsisinowonwu saʔas (Ϟor saʔalaskə) \xe 'they are standing up mats.' \xv 3. tsamełtsenpi saʔas (Ϟor saʔaskə) hešaaqšanutš kiyustsʔəmə \xe 'they wrap the body in a mat and bury it.' \xv 4. huksinowo hesaʔas kinwhupqisəmit \xe 'I am going to stand this mat up so that you will not see me.' \sd household \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.439.2; 92.180.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔasʔaskuʔu \ps n \ge somebody.REDUP \ge someone.REDUP \cf ʔasku \ce somebody; someone \sd reduplications \dt 26/Oct/2011 \lx ʔaseyte \ps n \ge oil \de oil \mr [] \xv 1. tšiqipš saʔaseyte hesilampara \xe 'this lamp is full of oil.' \xv 2. husisinay simakina kuhusisukitwo siʔaseyte \xe 'they are going to install a machine for getting oil.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH \rf 90.604.1; 92.182.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaskəkə \ps v \ge have incest with \de to have sexual intercourse with a relative; to cohabit with a relative \ee Harrington notes that this practice was not looked well on. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaskəkə \pde to have sexual intercourse with a relative.NZ; to cohabit with a relative.NZ \xv 1. kʔaskəkə \xe 'I have sexual intercourse with a relative' (second cousing or sister). \xv 2. laxula ʔalaskəkə hešaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I believe this man is sleeping with a relative.' \xv 3. kʔałʔaskə́kə \xe 'I live as man and wife with my first cousin or near relative.' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.439.3-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔasku \a ʔaskú \rd ʔasʔaskuʔu \ps pro \ge somebody \ge someone \de somebody; someone \mr [<ʔas- () + ku (person)>] \xv 1. tsiwitwit hesikʰqo \xe 'my dog is barking.' \xv 2. tsiwitwitus hesikʰqo ʔalaʔasku \xe 'my dog is barking at someone.' \xv 3. ʔalaʔasku lulaqša \xe 'another is going to die.' \xv 4. ʔasku pi \xe 'who are you?' \xv 5. ʔasku lo \xe 'who is it?' \xv 6. ʔasku he \xe 'who is it?' \xv 7. ʔasku kaki \xe 'who is it?' \xv 8. ʔasku lokałmasəx kakuhkuʔu hałʔatʔaxatš \xe 'which of the three Persons is man?' \xv 9. ʔasku lałtšuyaqša \xe 'who is sick?' \xv 10. ʔasʔaskuʔu kałʔiyʔałtšuyaqša \xe 'who are sick?' \xv 11. tsʔip, “ʔaskúkù ʔałʔałkepkeʔep hekakʰkepmu?” kiwə munašištiyepušwaš hałtskumi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'he said, “Who is bathing in my pool?” For they had not told him of the arrival of the woman.' \xv 12. ʔaskusqo \xe 'whose dog is it?' \xv 13. ʔasku lyos \xe 'who is God?' \xv 14. mukpošʰotš ʔaskusqo \xe 'I don't know whose pet this is.' \xv 15. ʔasku palaqtšum \xe 'whom do you want?' (asked at election). \xv 16. hukiyapałhay ʔapi ʔasku hałʔałxałməkəʔə \xe 'let’s see which of us 3+ can jump the furthest.' \sd people \sd pronouns \lg TJPH \rf 89.138.4, 440.1-442.1; 92.185.1, 262.1; 94.198, 202 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔasukał \ps n \ge sugar \de sugar \mr [] \xv 1. ʔulamusʔił hałʔasukał ʔan əwəsamaqmił site \xe 'if it were not for the sugar, nobody would drink tea.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 91.119.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔašitš \ps v \ge lie on a mat or bedding on the floor \de to lie on a mat or bedding on the floor \mr [<ʔas (mat) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔas \ce mat \sy alaškətš \xv 1. tšiyalaškətš (Ϟor tšiyʔašitš) \xe 'they are sitting on or lying on a spread petate.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.171.3, 448.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔašiwaš \ps n \ge old mat \de old mat \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼas ‘mat’ (Whistler 1980: 70) \mr [<ʔas (mat) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔas \ce mat \sd household \sd culture \sd depreciatives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.448.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔašnəm \a ašnəm \va (ašnəm) \ps pro \ge when \de when \ee This pronoun is interrogative, and used to question the moment of time at which something occurred. \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ʼašnɨm ‘when’ (Applegate 1978: 176) \cf nawa \ce temporal particle \xv 1. ʔašnəm hupkuya \xe 'when will you turn your head and look backward?' \xv 2. ʔašnəm ʔipyəti maʔam \xe 'when did you come home?' \xv 3. ʔašnəm ʔipkuminutš \xe 'when did you arrive?' \xv 4. ʔašnəm huputʔaʔaw hałwə \xe 'when are you going to go hunting deer?' \xv 5. ʔašnəm huptšoho hapšuqonšpiyit, kikšatiwənitš, kʰšatiwəš šaʔatʔaxatš saʔałmaliʔiʔi lasitpenit \xe 'when will you cease to make fun of me? I who got married to a man who does not think of me even the least.' \sd pronouns \xv 6. ašnə̀m huštuhùy ; wasułkù \xe 'when will it rain? ; tonight.' \xv 7. ʔašnəm ʔišaqša loʔkapšaʔày \xe 'when did your daughter die?' \lg TJPH \rf 89.449.2-4; 90.17.3; 91.315.2; 92.660.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaštipilaʔaš \ps n \ge thickness \de thickness \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + astipił (be thick) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf astipił \ce to be thick \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.451.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatəšwə \a aʔtəšwə̀ \a ʔatišwə \va (ʔatišwə) \ps n \ge herb \ge dream \ge hope \ge charm \ge talisman \de herb; dream; hope; charm; talisman \cf ʔałʔatəšwənitš \ce one who uses herbs to heal/do good \cf ʔałtipʔatəšwə \ce smn who uses herbs/medicine to kill; sorcerer \cf ʔatəšwənəš \ce poison \cf ʔatəšwətš \ce to dream \cf alatəšwətš \ce to dream for some time \xv 1. neʔemusʔił kʔatəšwə \xe 'I have no hope any longer.' \xv 2. tsʔatəšwə ʔixšap \xe 'viper poison.' \xv 3. tsʔił sikʔatəšwənəš \xe 'I have my herb, poison' (Harrington notes that ' ʔatəšwə ' in this situation seems incomplete). \xv 4. hesikʔatəšwənəš \xe 'my herb, poison.' \xv 5. neʔemuštšum hešikpoš neʔemusʔił kʔatəšwə kəkš šikišnəwəš lułtiyək šikpoš \xe 'my heart is sad, I have no hopes, only our song will be in our hearts. \xv 6. tšiʔatišwə ʔipistuk, kuhušiyaqša \xe 'gopher poison.' \xv 7. tšʔatəšwə ʔi qonon \xe 'castor bean.' \sd religion \sd plants \sd culture \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 89.452.4-89.454.1, 457.4; Travels73 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔatəšwənəš \ps n \ge poison \de poison \mr [<ʔatəšwə (herb; charm; hope; dream; talisman) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔatəšwə \ce herb; dream; hope; charm; talisman \xv 1. hukuštipey šaʔatəšwənəš \xe 'I am going to poison these [oats].' \xv 2. tsiyeqwełwu siʔiyʔałpołkwowo ʔsewu ʔan tšiyuštipeš šaʔatəšwənəš \xe 'they make balls of tallow mixed with poison.' \sd culture \sd household \rf 89.454.2-455.1; 90.61.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatəšwətš \ps v \ge dream \de to dream \mr [<ʔatəšwə (herb; charm; hope; dream; talisman) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ʔatəšwə \ce herb; dream; hope; charm; talisman \cf alatəšwətš \ce to dream for some time \xv 1. no ʔan kʔatəšwətš \xe 'I am dreaming' ; 'I dreamed.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʔatəšwətš kasułkuw \xe 'I was dreaming last night.' \xv 3. kasułku ʔan kʔatəšwətš lokakʔaliwə neʔešaqšanutš \xe 'last night I dreamed of a dead relative.' \xv 4. kasułku ʔan kʔatəšwətš sikumkumeliwaš, kumeł sikʔatəšwətš \xe 'last night I dreamt horrible things, my dream was bad.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd cognition \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.455.2-456.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatis \cf ʔatiš \ce to be in love \sd variations \dt 26/Oct/2011 \lx ʔatiš \rd atatiš \a ʔatis \va (ʔatis-, atis-) \ps v \ge love, be in \de to be in love \gn enamorado, ser \dn ser enamorado \ee Notice the change in translation when this verb is negated. \cf aqtšum \ce to like; to take a liking to \xv 1. tsatatisus lokaxʔanwa \xe 'he loves the woman.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʔatisus sixʔanwa \xe 'I am in love with a woman.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔatiš \xe 'I am in love' (without saying who). \xv 4. no ʔan kʔalatiš \xe 'I am in love.' \xv 5. kamupiyʔatiš \xe 'that you have no hope.' \xv 6. no ʔan neʔemukʔatiš \xe 'I no longer have any hope.' \xv 7. ʔałʔatiš \xe 'one in love.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.173.1, 456.4-457.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔatʔamli \ph ɑt̕ɑmbli \ps v \ge go along a stream \ge wade \de to go along a stream; to wade \cf ʔanatʔam̓am \ce raccoon \cf ʔutʔam \ce river \cf atʔam \ce to wade along \xv 1. kʔatʔamli \xe 'I go along a brook or spring.' \xv 2. latšə ʔisatʔamli \xe 'it wades all the time.' \xv 3. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalatʔamli \xe 'a wading bird.' \xv 4. tsatʔamblì \xe 'it wades.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 89.458.3; 92.203.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔap \ps n \ge one who dwells below \de one who dwells below \mr [<ʔal̓- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔap (living place; house)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔatʔapliʔiš \ce east; down country; smn from the coast \cf ʔatʔapwima \ce Santa Rosa islander \cf šatʔap \ce to wash ashore (said of fish only) \cf tšʰatʔap \ce ocean debris (foam, dead fish, etc.) \xv 1. pakeʔet saʔatʔapmitsqanaqan \xe 'one Ventureño [person].' \xv 2. losiyʔiyʔatʔapmitsqanaqan \xe 'the people of Ventura.' \xv 3. tsʔił sinunašəš siyʔatʔap simuwu, tsaqniʔonyoko, ʔan xaxaʔax, ʔan yəlaʔa heʔisisʔamamə ʔan tšišošoy, kahe tsʔił ʔisisa \xe 'there is a sea animal which resembles a shark, it is big, all its body is black, and it has teeth.' \xv 4. tsamyikus susʔatʔap latšə heʔismaʔam hemišup \xe 'they gave him permission to live always below the earth.' \xv 5. loʔkatšumàš ʔan tšiyuštewè šuʔuxpaʔàš, kiloʔkaʔiʔatʔap miluk kałʔisəpuswu ʔisiwəł tsisunuwus ʔišukowowonəʔə̀š \xe 'the Chumash (islanders) used to harpoon the otter, but the mainland Indians taught them to shoot them with arrows.' \sd people \sd animals \sd culture \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.459.3-460.1; WeirA 11 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔatʔapliʔiš \a ʔatʔapliʔìš \rd ʔatʔapliliʔiš (ʔatʔaplilìis) \a ʔatapliʔiš \a ʔatʔapliʔìš \va (ʔatapliʔiš) \ps n \ge east \ge down country \ge smn from the coast \de east; down country; smn from the coast \mr [] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔatʔap \ce one who dwells below \cf ʔatʔapliliʔiš \ce Gabrielinos \xv 1. hekalutikuy ʔatʔapliʔiš \xe 'I face east.' \xv 2. ʔatapliʔiš kašnuna \xe 'he come sfrom the Orient (east).' \xv 3. ʔatʔaplilìis \xe 'those from below.' \sd directions \sd places \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.452.3, 460.2-461.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔapliliʔiš \a ʔatʔapliliis \va (ʔatʔapliliis) \ps n \ge Gabrielinos \de Gabrielinos \cf ʔatʔapliʔiš \ce east; down country; smn from the coast \sd people \lg JPH \rf 88.276.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔapliliis \cf ʔatʔapliliʔiš \ce Gabrielinos \sd variations \dt 06/May/2011 \lx ʔatʔapwima \ps n \ge Santa Rosa islander \de Santa Rosa islander \ee Word originally given without a glottal stop at the beginning. \mr [<ʔal̓- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔap (living place; house) + wima (Santa Rosa Island)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔatʔap \ce one who dwells below \cf tšumaš \ce islander \cf wima1 \ce Santa Rosa Island \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.15.2} \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔaqatš \ps n \ge man.DIM \de small man \mr [<ʔatʔaxatš (man.ϡdimϡ)>] \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \sd diminutives \dt 03/Jul/2018 \lx ʔatʔatʔaxatš \ps n \ge man.REDUP \ge boy.REDUP \ge young man.REDUP \de man.REDUP; boy.REDUP; young man.REDUP \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔaxatš \rd ʔatʔatʔaxatš \rd ʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš \rd ʔatʔaxtʔaxatš \a atʔaxatš \ps n \ge man \ge young man \ge boy \de man; boy; young man \gn hombre \gn muchacho \dn hombre; muchacho \mr [<ʔal̓- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔax (bow) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔatʔaxatšwaš \pde man.DEPR \pdl n \pdv ʔatʔaqatš \pde man.DIM \cf ʔatʔaqatš \ce small man \cf ʔatʔaxatšwaš \ce old man \cf ʔax \ce bow \cf ataxatš \ce to be (a) man \xv 1. ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'man.' \xv 2. ʔatʔaqatš \xe 'little man.' \xv 3. qunup ʔi ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'male child.' \xv 4. ʔatʔaxatš ʔiqunup \xe 'male child.' \xv 5. ʔatʔaxtʔaxtš ʔiqunqunup \xe 'male children.' \xv 6. neʔekʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am a man already.' \xv 7. la ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'it is a man, no more.' \xv 8. hesikawayu ʔan tsʰunuqʰ hesaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'this horse carries a man on its back.' \xv 9. munakqišənwaš hałtsʔohoy hałʔalaxʔutʔu tšaqwin hešaʔatʔaxatš səʔəqəy \xe 'there is no other animal as envious as the rooster.' \xv 10. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan ka mitʔi ʔisihin yəlaʔa loʔkaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš heʔišup \xe 'this man is the smallest man in the world.' \xv 11. loʔkamitʔi kaʔatʔaxatš ʔan kaštə kitsepawit \xe 'the small man is named Kitsepawit.' \xv 12. kay ʔan ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'he is a man.' \xv 13. kay ʔan ʔatʔaxatšwaš \xe 'he was a man' (one understands that now he is an old man, no longer is ʔatʔaxatš). \xv 14. kay ʔan hušʔatʔaxatš \xe 'he will be a man.' \sd people \sd body \lg JPH \rf 69.14; 70.223.2; 89.458.1; 94.60 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔaxatšwaš \ps n \ge man.DEPR \de old man \mr [<ʔatʔaxatš (man.ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \sd depreciatives \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš \ps n \ge man.REDUP \ge young man.REDUP \ge boy.REDUP \de man.REDUP; young man.REDUP; boy.REDUP \ee This was said to be the best form of reduplication for this word. \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔaxtʔaxatš \ps n \ge man.REDUP \ge boy.REDUP \ge young man.REDUP \de man.REDUP; boy.REDUP; young man.REDUP \ee This was said to be a better form of reduplication for this word. \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔis \ps n \ge ?owner \de ?owner \xv 1. loʔkaʔatʔis sikuy loʔkaqowòtš ʔan ʔišʔalaʔtəšwə̀ sałʔeqenpi loʔkašaʔay slów̓ \xe 'the owner of the cooked salmon had in his mind something that tells him what became of the Eagle Daughter.' \sd people \lg TJPH \rf Travels52 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔatsʔatsʔəʔəs \ps n \ge facial hair.REDUP \ge beard.REDUP \de facial hair.REDUP; beard.REDUP \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatsʔəs \rd ʔatsʔatsʔəʔəs \a ʔatsəs \va (ʔatsəs) \ps n \ge facial hair \ge beard \de facial hair; beard \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼatsʼis ‘beard,’ CRZ časkiyew ‘beard; chin,’ INZ ʼac’ɨs ‘beard; whisker(s),’ ROS čacʼɨs ‘beard; chin’ PUY ʼatsʼəs ‘beard’ (Whistler 1980: 52; Beeler & Klar 1977: 64; SYBCI 2007: 31; Henry 2019 ms) \cf ʔatsʔəsi \ce to shave \cf ʔatšʔəšəʔəš \ce tweezers for plucking beard hair \cf ʔatšʔəšəš \ce to pull out beard hair \cf ʔatšʔəšitš \ce to have facial hair \cf ʔišuš \ce pubic hair \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \cf tsʔatsʔəs \ce fibers of amole \xv 1. kʔatsʔəs \xe 'my beard.' \xv 2. tsʔatsəs \xe 'its beard.' \xv 3. tsʔatsəs ʔi kuw \xe 'moss that grows on oak trees.' \sd anatomy \sd common \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.467.3-468.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔatsʔəsi \ps vt \ge shave \de to shave \ee Notice that this verb requires the use of a pronominal suffix. Also notice the appearance of 'n.' \mr [<ʔatsʔəs (facial hair; beard) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \cf konoqš \ce to cut (as with a knife) \xv 1. tsʔatsʔəsinus \xe 'he is shaving him.' \xv 2. tsʔatsʔəsinit \xe 'he shaved me.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.468.3; 90.7.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatša \ps n \ge ax \de ax \mr [] \sy winoqšəʔəš \xv 1. hesikʔátša ʔan tstsʔətsʔə \xe 'my ax is sharp.' \xv 2. lokaʔatša ʔan tskʔot \xe 'the ax is broken.' \sd tools \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.468.4-469.3; 92.211.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatškawəš \ps n \ge sin \ge mistake \de mistake; sin \gn pecado \dn pecado \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + atskaw (meet with accident) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf atskaw \ce to meet with an accident; to meet with an incident (good or bad) \xv 1. ʔatškawəš \xe 'a sin.' \sd religion \sd Spanish \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.469.4-460.2; 90.23.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatšʔatš \cf ʔaʔtšʔatš \ce magpie \sd variations \dt 08/Jul/2012 \lx ʔatšʔəšəʔəš \ps n \ge tweezers for plucking beard hair \de tweezers for plucking beard hair \ee These tweezers were made from the shell of a clam species. \mr [<ʔatsʔəs (facial hair; beard) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \sd body \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.470.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatšʔəšəš \ps v \ge pull out beard hair \de to pull out beard hair \mr [<ʔatsʔəs (facial hair) + ?-Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \xv 1. hukʔatšʔəšəš \xe 'I am going to pull out my beard hair.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.470.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatšʔəšitš \ps v \ge facial hair, have \ge have facial hair \de to have facial hair \mr [<ʔatsʔəs (facial hair; beard) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \xv 1. wašwašətš ʔisʔaxʔaxwiʔi kinupan tšʔatšʔəšitš ʔan lašušʰo ʔispo \xe 'he dressed well and wore whiskers.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.470.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔawʔawhaʔay \ps n \ge moon.REDUP \ge month.REDUP \de moon.REDUP; month.REDUP \cf ʔawhay̓ \ce moon; month \sd reduplications \dt 27/Oct/2011 \lx ʔawalyente \ps n \ge liquor \de liquor \mr [] \xv 1. tsamseqpeyus lokamomoy hekaʔawalyente \xe 'take the momoy with the liquor.' \sd food \sd drink \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.471.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔawexa \ps n \ge bee \ge honeybee \de bee; honeybee \mr [] \xv 1. lokapałpaliʔi kasinikʰəntwunutš hesaʔawexa \xe 'the priests introduced bees here.' \sd animals \sd insects \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.471.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔawəyəš \ps n \ge roast meat \ge meat, roast \de roast meat \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + awəy (roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers)) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔuqtʔawəyəš \ce tortilla cooked on comal; smth baked on comal \cf awəy \ce to roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers) \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.472.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔawhayu \ps v \ge moon, be a good \de to be a good moon \mr [<ʔawhay̓ (moon) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf ʔawhay̓ \ce moon; month \xv 1. tsʔawhayu \xe 'there is a good moon.' \sd astronomy \sd verbs \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.475.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔawhay̓ \rd ʔawʔawhaʔay \ps n \ge moon \ge month \de moon; month \ee In the field notes this appears as ͽʔahway̓, but this transcription is more phonetic and perhaps the < hw> merely indicates voiceless [w̥]. \et *ʔahway̓ from ʔalh-way̓ ‘that which hangs’ \ec Compare BOI ʼaway̓ ‘moon,’ CRZ ʼawhay̓ ‘moon,’ INZ ʼaway̓ ‘moon,’ PUY ʼahwa ‘moon,’ OBI t-awaʼ ‘moon’ (Klar 1977: 91) \cf ʔawhayu \ce to be a good moon \xv 1. kəpə hesaʔawhay̓ \xe this month \xv 2. pakeʔet saʔahway̓ \xe 'one month.' \xv 3. mitʔi ʔi ʔawháy̓ \xe 'the moon is new.' \xv 4. mitʔi saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is small' (said of a phase of the moon). \xv 5. tswayani saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the new moon comes.' \xv 6. neeswey saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is already waning.' \xv 7. nee saxukumu saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is full.' \xv 8. hušiqipš saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is going to be full.' \xv 9. šaqša saʔawhay \xe 'the moon is eclipsed.' \xv 10. nee šnaʔał saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon has already gone.' \xv 11. tsʔapʰá saʔawhay, hustuhuy \xe 'the moon has a ring around it, it is going to rain' (lit., ‘the moon is making its house, it is going to rain’). \xv 12. nupan ʔi ʔawháy̓ \xe 'the moon is new.' \sd chronometry \sd astronomy \lg JPH \rf 89.43; 89.66-73, 473.2-475.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔawisele \ps n \ge sealife, small \de small sealife \ee This refers to small shellfish, small fish, etc. Also said to refer specifically to starfish. \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.119.1; 81.137.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔawtomobil \ps n \ge car \ge automobile \de car; automobile \mr [] \xv 1. kikakuliʔiš siʔawtomobil \xe 'I got in an automobile.' \sd borrowings \sd English \rf 3.91.370.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔawuxa \ps n \ge needle \de needle \mr [] \sy tipəšəʔəš \xv 1. hesikʔawúxa \xe 'my needle.' \xv 2. hukpuq hesikʔawuxa \xe 'I am going to thread my needle.' \xv 3. tswewek hesikʔkamisa ʔan hukxatʔaqsik kəwə musʔił kʔawuxa \xe 'my shirt is torn and I am goingto tie the hole together with string for I have no needle.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \lg TJPH \rf 90.331.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔax \rd ʔaxʔaʔax \ps n \ge bow \de bow \gn arco \dn arco \et *aqa \ec Compare BOI ʼax ‘bow,’ INZ ʼax ‘bow,’ OBI ʼaxa ‘bow,’ PUY ʼaq ⁓ ʼax̂ ‘bow’ (Klar 1977: 49, 51; Harrington 1986: 3.6.29.2) \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \cf ataxatš \ce to be (a) man \cf axatšəš \ce to go about with a bow \xv 1. hesaʔax ʔan kəkstsʰin \xe 'this bow is his.' \xv 2. lokakʔax \xe 'my bow.' \xv 3. ʔax ʔiʔitšʔašəʔəš \xe 'a bow, but one that is a toy.' \sd hunting \sd archery \sd tools \sd warfare \lg JPH \rf 89.350.4; 90.99.4-100.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxi \ps n \ge ʔaxi \de man who imitates women and does not do the work of men \ee This word denoted a man who imitated women and did not do the work of men. The person in the role of ͽʔaxi did not participate in anal sex. Consultant heard the word applied to old men undertakers at the mission and also to homosexuals men (men who lived with another man all the time and had anal sex). While homosexual activity does not seem to have been an original, defining feature of this social role, gravedigging was. \et *ʔaqiʔ \ec Compare INZ ʼaxi, OBI ʼaqiʼ (Klar 1977: 93) \sd culture \sd people \sd religion \lg JPH \rf 89.357.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxipeneʔeš \ps n \ge instrument for carving \ge carving, instrument for \de instrument for carving \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axipe (carve) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf axipe \ce to carve \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.369.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxipeneš \rd ʔaxʔaxipeneʔeš \ps n \ge smth carved \ge carved, smth \de smth carved \mr [] \cf axipe \ce to carve \xv 1. šaʔaxipeneš sipon̓ = sipon̓ šaʔaxipeneš \xe 'a carved board' (worked with hatchet, knife, or anything). \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.369.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxitšaʔaš \ps n \ge weapon (for war) \de weapon (for war) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axitš (war) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf axitš \ce to fight in war \xv 1. hukeqweł sipon̓ šaʔaxitšaʔaš \xe 'I am going to make a war club.' \xv 2. ya ʔiʔaxitšaʔaš \xe 'arrow for war.' \sd warfare \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.376.4-377.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxiwił \ps n \ge dance ground \de dance ground \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axi- (ϡinstrϡ.punctual) + wil (exist)>] \xv 1. lokaʔaxiwił ʔan tšamušwekey \xe 'the dance ground is swept.' \xv 2. neluʔamaxiwił \xe 'where are they going to have a dance?' \sd places \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.79.3, 377.3-378.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxiyeʔep \rd ʔaxʔaxiyeʔep \ps n \ge remedy \ge medicine \de remedy; medicine \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axi- () + yep (.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf axiyep \ce to cure \xv 1. wašətš ʔiyʔaxiyeʔep \xe 'it is a good remedy.' \xv 2. kisisyikus saʔaxʔxijeʔep kuhusitponi šikumkumeʔeł \xe 'and they gave her medicines that she might recover.' \xv 3. kikaqtiyepus lokaʔalipiwetš kaʔaxiyeʔep ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'I asked the drug clerk and he told me.' \xv 4. kispuwe saʔaxiyeʔep kikaksunúwus kʔuwe qaqš hesikyəwəš \xe 'I brought some medicine and he used it (y lo usé), but my hair fell out.' \xv 5. hesikʔaxiyeʔep \xe 'my medicine.' \xv 6. ʔulasaxiyepitwaš lokaałʔalaxiyepš ʔan lakəkš tseqe lokakalušiʔik kimukišpuwenušwaš kəwə musaxiyepitwaš \xe 'if the doctor had cured me he would have removed my pain, but I didn’t pay him because he didn’t cure me.' \sd culture \sd common \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.358.3-89.360.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxkatəš \rd ʔaxʔaxkatəʔəš \ps n \ge leftovers (smn else’s) \de leftovers (smn else’s) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq- (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + kat () + -Vš (ϡnz.reslϡ)>] \ee This was said of food left by someone other than the speaker. \cf axkat \ce leftovers; swill \xv 1. tsiyikuswu simays kasaʔaxʔaxkatəʔəš sałneʔemuštšum \xe 'they feed them corn and swill.' \xv 2. hukʔuw saʔaxkatəš \xe 'I am going to eat the leftovers' (which others have left, not the ones I have left). \xv 3. hukʔuw lokakaxkat \xe 'I am going to eat what I have left.' \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.356.1; 89.383.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxlupep \rd ʔaxʔaxlupeʔep \ps n \ge stepchild \de stepchild \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + lu-2 (ϡinstrϡ.growing) + ?pep (picking action)>] \xv 1. hesikʔaxlupep \xe 'my stepchild (male or female).' \xv 2. lokakʔaxʔaxlupeʔep \xe 'my stepchildren.' \sd kinship \lg JPH \rf 88.10.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxnamanam \ps n \ge ?famine \de ?famine \sd food \sd chronometry \lg JPH \rf 89.388.2 \dt 21/Oct/2018 \lx ʔaxpilił \rd ʔaxʔaxpiliʔił \ps n \ge nerve(s) \ge sinew \ge root \de nerve(s); sinew; root; (bow)string \et *pilhil \ec Compare BOI ʼaxpil̓il ‘nerve,’ CRZ aqpilil ⁓ caqpilil(i) ‘bowstring,’ INZ ʼaxpilil̓ ‘nerve,’ OBI c-qspiłhi ‘nerve,’ PUY ʼax̂pili ‘nerves’ (Klar 1977: 100-101; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \cf ʔaxpililetšpi \ce to be rooted to; to be attached by fibrous matter \cf šaʔaxpililetš \ce to make sinew-back bow \cf tsʔaxpilił \ce sinew (of an animal); bowstring \xv 1. kʔaxpilił \xe 'my sinews.' \xv 2. no ʔan kšutišihitš hesikʔamamə kasikʔaxpilił \xe 'I make all the muscles of my body tense and sinews.' \xv 3. tsʔaxpilił ʔiwə \xe 'deer sinew.' \xv 4. lokasʔaxpilił kaxaʔax \xe 'the principal/tap root' (of a plant). \xv 5. huksuquntiqnowowo heʔisʰintsʔaxpilił hekaktaliw \xe 'I am going to shorten my bowstring.' \sd archery \sd hunting \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.393.3-394.3 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxpililetšpi \ps v \ge rooted to, be \ge attached by fibrous matter, be \de to be rooted to; to be attached by fibrous matter \mr [<ʔaxpilil (sinew) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ)>] \cf ʔaxpilił \ce nerve(s); sinew; root; (bow)string \cf šaʔaxpililetš \ce to make sinew-back bow \xv 1. tšaxpililetšpi sixəp \xe '[mussel] is sinewed to rock' ; '[the tree] is rooted to the rock.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd plants \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.394.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxsił \ps n \ge bite \de bite \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + sil (related to biting)>] \cf axsił \ce to bite \xv 1. tšamnaqša loʔisʔaxsił kaxšap \xe 'they die of rattlesnake bite.' \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.399.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxšəw \rd ʔaxʔaxšəʔəw \ps n \ge intestines \ge innards \ge umbilical cord \de intestines; innards; umbilical cord \gn tripa \dn tripa \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaqšiw̓ ‘gut,’ INZ ʼaqšʼəw̓ ‘intestines,’ PUY ʼaqšə ‘guts; intestines’ (SYBCI 2007: 533; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \xv 1. hešikʔaxʔaxšəʔəw (Ϟor ͼhešikʔaxšəw) \xe 'my intestines.' \xv 2. hukispuweʔe ʔišʔaxšəw \xe 'I am going to buy beef intestines.' \xv 3. tšʔaxšəw \xe 'the intestines.' \xv 4. tšqonoqš ʔišʔaxšəw lokaqunup \xe 'he cut the navel cord of the child.' \sd anatomy \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.404.3-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxšəyəšmu \ps n \ge larder \ge keep \de larder; keep \ee This means a place where provisions are kept or guarded. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axšə (?guard/keep) + -y (ϡepthϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf axšəyəʔəš \ce ?to store smth \cf axšə \ce ?to guard; ?to keep \xv 1. kašnikʔoliní loʔkašʔaxšəyəšmu \xe 'he returned to his larder.' \sd food \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.402.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxšilaʔaš \ps n \ge fangs \de fangs \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + sil (related to biting)>] \cf ʔaxsił \ce bite \cf axsił \ce to bite \xv 1. lokašʔaxšilaʔàš ʔan xaxxaʔàx loʔištəpəq kasʔił loʔkałʔamnaqʰšà \xe 'its fangs are big, and it is its roots [where the poison is] by which one dies.' \sd animals \sd reptiles \lg TJPH \rf 71.234.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxtakəš \ps n \ge smth roasted on coals \ge roasted on coals, smth \de smth roasted on top of coals \ee This was said of certain shellfish. \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axtaʔak (roast on top of coals) + -Vš (ϡnz.reslϡ)>] \cf axtaʔak \ce to roast on top of coals (as was done to certain shellfish) \xv 1. kaxtaʔak sitʔo \xe 'I am going to roast mussel on top of hot coals.' \xv 2. neʔeʔaxtakəš \xe 'they are done roasting on the coals.' \sd food \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 89.408.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxtatapəš \ps n \ge islay \de islay \cf šukuyaš \ce boiled islay; anything boiled \xv 1. hukuštiney šiʔaxtatapəš hesipiloxoł \xe 'I am going to mix islay and beans.' \sd food \sd plants \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 81.93.2; 90.526 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxtəməmənəʔəš \ps n \ge bullroarer \de bullroarer \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (?ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + təməmə () + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf axtəməmə \ce to buzz \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.414.3-4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxunpes \ps n \ge mosquito \de mosquito \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaxulpeš ‘fly,’ INZ ʼaxunpes ‘fly; housefly’ (Whistler 1980: 6; SYBCI 2007: 97) \xv 1. lokaʔaxunpes ʔan tsʰuwakʔaywu lokaštum hesoʔo kasiyeqwełtšəši ʔiskontskoniʔin \xe 'the mosquitoes lay their eggs on the surface of the water and the eggs turn into worms.' \xv 2. lakʰan ʔisʔəhə saʔaxunpes ʔan hukiyaxtəʔəp hemaʔam, hukisitowitš kikaypi kimuhusitapi \xe 'when there are lots of mosquitoes they build a fire indoors and make a smoke so that they won’t enter.' \sd animals \sd insects \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.500.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxupayəš \cf ʔaxʔupayəš \ce pile of earth outside a (gopher) hole \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxwi \rd ʔaxʔaxwiʔi \ps n \ge clothes (daytime) \ge chamois leather \de (daytime) clothes; chamois leather \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1985: 33 37). This term was more common (outside of the Ventura area) than iswəxə. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ’axwi’ ‘clothes; garments,’ and PUY ’ax̂wi ‘blanket’ (Whistler 1980: 6; Henry ms.) \sy iswəxə \cf axwi \ce to be covered \xv 1. ʔisiyʔaxʔaxwiʔi \xe 'their dresses.' \xv 2. kʔaxʔaxwiʔi \xe 'my clothes.' \xv 3. hesikʔaxwi \xe 'my daytime clothes.' \xv 4. hesikʔalaxwi \xe 'my bedclothes, the blankets on my bed that I use for putting over me in the night time only.' \xv 5. meš ʔi ʔaxwi \xe 'buckskin purse.' \xv 6. ʔaxwi ʔi wə \xe 'deerskin hide skirt.' \xv 7. musʔił pʔaxwi \xe 'you do not have clothes.' \xv 8. musʔił hałʔaxwi \xe 'no there are no clothes.' \xv 9. psaxwinus lokałmusʔił tsʔaxwi \xe 'thou shalt clothe the naked.' \xv 10. huksuwaya hesaʔaxwi ʔiti ʔi šluqay \xe 'I am going to hang this clothing on the fork.' \xv 11. wašwašətš ʔisʔaxʔaxwiʔi kinupan tšʔatšʔəšitš ʔan lašušʰo ʔispo \xe 'he dressed well and wore whiskers.' \xv 12. lokayumyumaʔa ʔan naštəʔəʔə musʔił tsiyʔaxwi \xe 'the Yuma do not wear clothes yet.' \xv 13. kanawa skitwo lokaxʔanwa ʔan tšnuxiliwəłtš kəwə musʔił hałtsʔaxwi \xe 'when the woman had gotten out of the water she felt ashamed because she was naked.' \xv 14. tsxenti, musʔił tsʔaxwi \xe 'he is gentile, he has no clothes.' \xv 15. tskuwiłpi lokasʔaxʔaxwiʔi \xe 'it looks well on him.' \xv 16. wašətš ʔisʔaxʔaxwiʔi \xe 'he is dressed finely.' \sd clothes \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.168.3; 92.173.2-175.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxwititinaʔaš \ps n \ge stick, throwing \ge throwing stick \de throwing stick \ee Used for hunting rabbits and small game (Hudson & Blackburn 1982: 133 135). \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axwititi (throw a stick of wood) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf axwititi \ce to throw a stick of wood \xv 1. ʔaxwititinaʔaš \xe 'stick that is thrown.' \sd tools \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.178.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxʔaʔax \ps n \ge bow.REDUP \de bow.REDUP \cf ʔax \ce bow \sd reduplications \dt 07/May/2011 \lx ʔaxʔaxipeneʔeš \ps n \ge smth carved.REDUP \de smth carved.REDUP \cf ʔaxipeneš \ce smth carved \sd reduplications \dt 07/May/2011 \lx ʔaxʔaxiyeʔep \ps n \ge remedy.REDUP \de medicine.REDUP \cf ʔaxiyeʔep \ce remedy; medicine \sd reduplications \dt 14/Nov/2010 \lx ʔaxʔaxkatəʔəš \ps n \ge leftovers (smn else’s).REDUP \de leftovers (smn else’s).REDUP \cf ʔaxkatəš \ce leftovers (smn else’s) \sd reduplications \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxʔaxlupeʔep \ge stepchild.REDUP \de stepchild.REDUP \cf ʔaxlupep \ce stepchild \sd reduplications \dt 04/Jul/2018 \lx ʔaxʔaxpiliʔił \ps n \ge nerve(s).REDUP \ge (bow)string.REDUP \ge sinew.REDUP \ge root.REDUP \de nerve(s).REDUP; sinew.REDUP; root.REDUP; (bow)string.REDUP \cf ʔaxpilił \ce nerve(s); sinew; root; (bow)string \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxʔaxšəʔəw \ps n \ge intestines.REDUP \ge innards.REDUP \ge umbilical cord.REDUP \de intestines.REDUP; inards.REDUP; umbilical cord.REDUP \cf ʔaxšəw \ce intestines; innards; umbilical cord \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxʔaxwiʔi \ps n \ge (daytime) clothes.REDUP \ge chamois leather.REDUP \de (daytime) clothes.REDUP; chamois leather.REDUP \cf ʔaxwi \ce (daytime) clothes; chamois leather \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxʔupayəš \a ʔaxupayəš \va (ʔaxupayəš) \ps n \ge pile of earth outside a (gopher) hole \de pile of earth outside a (gopher) hole \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axʔu- (ϡinstrϡ.marginally) + pay (related to verticality) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf axʔupay \ce to cast earth into a pile outside a (gopher) hole \xv 1. lokaʔaxʔupayəš \xe 'the earth by the hole' (already cast out). \sd animals \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.169.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaya- \ps pre \ge ANI \de prefix with animals \ee This prefix in ϡinzϡ is also only used with animals. Glossed as ϡaniϡ. \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ʼayu- (Applegate 1972: 196) \cf ʔayaʔkʰa \ce (any) small spider; octopus \cf ʔayapələlə \ce coffee shell; cowrie \cf ʔayatulutuł \ce butterfly \cf ʔoyoso \ce bumblebee \cf maxsayaʔkʰa \ce spiderweb \cf yahəł \ce red snake (species) \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd animals \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔayaʔka \cf ʔayaʔkʰa \ce (any) small spider; octopus \sd variations \dt 04/Mar/2018 \lx ʔayaʔkʰa \a ʔayakʰa \a ʔayaʔka \va (ʔayaʔka, ʔayakʰa) \ps n \ge spider, (any) small \ge octopus \de (any) small spider; octopus \mr [<ʔaya- (ϡaniϡ) + (ʔ)kʰa ()>] \cf ktut \ce spider; tarantula \cf maxsayaʔkʰa \ce spiderweb \xv 1. lokasmaxsayaʔkʰa kaʔayaʔkʰa \xe 'the web of the spider.' \xv 2. tsoqʰloqʰ saʔayaʔka \xe 'that which one chews.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd insects \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 89.10.2; 92.6.2; 92.688.2 \dt 04/Jul/2018 \lx ʔayapələlə \ps n \ge coffee shell \ge cowrie \de coffee shell; cowrie \mr [<ʔaya- (ϡaniϡ) + pələlə ()>] \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd shellfish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.30.1; 70.145.1; 81.135.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔayatulutuł \ps n \ge butterfly \de butterfly \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼayatulutul ‘butterfly,’ INZ ʼayatulutul, ‘butterfly’ (SYBCI 2007: 100; Whistler 1980: 6) \mr [<ʔaya- (ϡaniϡ) + tulutul ()>] \xv 1. tštum ʔi ʔayatulutul \xe 'butterfly egg; butterfly cocoon.' \xv 2. ʔayatulutuł ʔi alixwalilikʰ \xe 'yellow and black swallow-tail butterfly.' \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.41.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔayuhwat \cf ʔayuwhat \ce small winnowing basket \sd variations \dt 28/Oct/2011 \lx ʔayuwhat \a ʔayuhwat \ps n \ge small winnowing basket \ge winnowing basket , small \ge basket , small winnowing \de small winnowing basket \ee This was a coiled, tray shaped basket no more than 14 in. (35 cm.) in diameter used for winnowing or parching seeds (Hudson & Blackburn 1983: 132 144). The dialectal form ͽʔewhey̓ refers to the same item. \cf ʔewhey̓ \ce small winnowing basket \cf yəw1 \ce large winnowing basket \xv 1. lokaku ʔan tsʔił ʔisiʔayuwhat \xe 'the people had their small winnowing baskets.' \sd culture \sd basketry \sd household \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.10.3; 92.7.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔayuwi \ps n \ge turtledove \de turtledove \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 72.358.1-360.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔe \ps inter \de -meaning uncertain- \ee An interjection the Ventureño use. \sd interjections \lg JPH \rf 88.26.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx -ʔe- \ps vroot \ge of digging into \de of digging into \cf ʔalušʔeš \ce badger \cf ʔeqʔem̓u \ce killer whale \cf ušʔe \ce to scratch the surface of \cf ušʔeš \ce to dig (with hands or instruments) \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔehʔehehe \ps v \ge whinny.REDUP \de to whinny.REDUP \ee Cannot be said of laughing. \mr [] \cf ehehe \ce to whinny \xv 1. hesikʰkawayu ʔan tsʔehʔehehe \xe 'my horse is whinnying.' \sd onomatopoeia \sd verbs \sd animals \sd mammals \sd husbandry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.343.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔeł \rd ʔełʔeʔeł \ps n \ge necklace \de necklace \gn soguilla \dn soguilla \et *ʔel̓ \ec Compare BOI ʼel̓ ‘necklace,’ INZ ʼel̓ ‘necklace,’ OBI tel̓e ‘necklace’ (Klar 1977: 100) \mr [<ʔel̓>] \cf ʔetʔetš \ce to wear a necklace \cf itsʔele \ce clitoris \cf tsiyełʔiku \ce bead(s) \xv 1. hesikʔeł \xe 'my necklace.' \xv 2. hukeqweł sikʔeł \xe 'I am going to make a necklace.' \xv 3. lokakʔeł ʔišnuxš sitšwiw \xe 'my necklace of bird beaks.' \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.504.2-505.2; 92.364.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔełʔeʔeł \ps n \ge necklace.REDUP \de necklace.REDUP \cf ʔeł \ce necklace \sd reduplications \dt 28/Dec/2010 \lx ʔełʔeleʔew \ps n \ge tongue.REDUP \de tongue.REDUP \cf ʔelew \ce tongue \sd reduplications \dt 07/Dec/2010 \lx ʔela \ps n \ge threshing floor \de threshing floor \mr [] \xv 1. lokaʔela \xe 'the threshing floor.' \sd food \sd agriculture \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.505.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔelelespuh \ps n \ge salamander species \ge ?water dog \ge dog, ?water \de salamander species; ?water dog \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼel̓elespu ‘salamander; water dog’ (Whistler 1980: 8) \ee These were said to be like lizards, but they live in the water. They came out and sunned themselves. Some were green. There was a belief that they swam up one’s anus while one was bathing. \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + ?es- () + puh (hand/arm; useful hand)>] \cf pu \ce hand/arm; useful hand \sd animals \sd amphibians \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.266.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔelełmes \a ʔelełmès \ps n \ge other side \de other side \ee This is said of said the side of a body of water that separates two places. Harrington notes that this form cannot be used with the proximal demonstrative ͽhe . However, in of his examples the form exists. \mr [] \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼenemes ‘island,’ INZ ʼelemes ‘across (from); on the other side (of),’ PUY ’elełmes ‘other side’ (Whistler 1980: 67; SYBCI 2007: 113) \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. mesimesli heʔelełmes \xe 'they do not go to the other side' (to the islands or rivers). \xv 2. loʔelełmes \xe 'the other side of the river.' \xv 3. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tsalinowo loʔelełmes hesuʔutʔam \xe 'the man was on the other side of the river.' \sd geography \sd nature \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.506.4-89.507.2; WeirC5 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔelelu \ps n \ge blacksmith \de blacksmith \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan kʔelelu \xe 'I am a blacksmith.' \xv 2. tsʰapitsʔə lokasʔeqenmu, kinupan tsaqsumu niwašətš ʔan munašwašətš kišʰutapiniʔiy hesinə kikasitete \xe 'he heats the horseshoe and tries it on and if it does not yet fit well he heats it again and hammers it.' \xv 3. huknunaluʔus hesikʰkawayu lokaʔelelu, kuhusʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tskeseqenus heʔismaʔam ʔištoy̓ kinupan kasʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tšwišutapinwu siklawus lokasʔeqenmu \xe 'I am going to take my horse to the blacksmith, he is going to shoe him, he cuts away the part under the hoof and nails the shoe on.' \sd people \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd animals \sd husbandry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.508.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔelew \rd ʔełʔeleʔew \ps n \ge tongue \de tongue \et *ʔelhew̓ \ec Compare BOI ʼel̓ew ‘tongue,’ INZ ʼelew ‘tongue,’ OBI ʼełhew(ʼ) ‘tongue’ (Klar 1977: 113) \cf eqmelew \ce to lap; to lick \cf eqtelew \ce to stick out one's tongue \cf eqtšelewutš \ce to stick out one's tongue \xv 1. sikʔelew \xe 'my tongue.' \xv 2. tsʔelew \xe 'his tongue.' \xv 3. losikʔelew ʔan kałtsusamha ʔišʔaqnipaʔaš \xe 'my tongue senses taste.' \xv 4. tsʰukitwo ʔisʔelew \xe '[the snake] sticks his tongue out.' \xv 5. tsaxsəw hesikʔelew \xe 'my tongue.' \xv 6. tšteqpey hesikʔelew \xe 'I am tongue-tied.' \xv 7. tsʔił ʔišʔaqšik hesikʔelew \xe 'I have my tongue tied.' \sd anatomy \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.508.4-510.2, 510-511.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔeleweseʔe \ps n \ge starfish \de starfish \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 70.88.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔełtse \a ełtse \va (ełtse) \ps v \ge wrap up \ge wind upon \ge up, wrap \ge upon, wind \de to wrap up; to wind upon \gn liar \dn liar \cf ʔełtšeʔeš \ce bundle \xv 1. kełtse \xe 'I wrap it.' \xv 2. hukełtse (he)kakʰpon̓ \xe 'I am going to tie up my wood (to carry home).' \xv 3. tsamʔeltse heʔisʔəł \xe 'they wrapped his leg.' \xv 4. hešimiyaš ʔan hukełtsenpi hesipon̓ \xe 'I am going to wind this string on this stick (as on a reel).' \xv 5. huksinay ʔiti kuhukełtse kuhukušiqom \xe 'I am going to put it here, wrap it up and keep it.' \xv 6. huksinuyus ʔiti kinupan hukʔełtse \xe 'I put it on it here and then I am going to wrap it up' [said of putting a feather on an arrow]. \xv 7. ʔełtsè ! \xe 'lash or tie it!' ; 'wind string aroung it!' \sd verbs \sd archery \lg JPH \rf 89.512.2-513.3, 517.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔełtšeʔeš \ps n \ge bundle \de bundle \mr [<ʔeltse (wrap up; wind upon) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔełtse \ce to wrap up; to wind upon \xv 1. ʔełtšeʔeš ʔimexmey̓ \xe 'a bundle of junco.' \xv 2. masəx šeʔełtšeʔeš sipon̓ \xe 'three parts of wood.' \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.513.4-514.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔełyepi \ps n \ge cliff \de cliff \xv 1. kikasamʔipił miluk ʔełyepi \xe 'and they tell you to go by the cliffs.' \sd geography \lg TJPH \rf 89.241.1 \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔełyewun \cf ʔełyewun̓ \ce swordfish \sd variations \dt 15/Feb/2012 \lx ʔełyewun̓ \a ʔełyewun \va (ʔełyewun) \ps n \ge swordfish \de swordfish \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼelyewʼun ‘swordfish,’ INZ ʼeleyewun ‘swordfish’ OBI ʼeleyewu(ʼ) ‘swordfish’ (Klar 1977: 19) \ee There is a note that swordfish “are like people” \xv 1. tšitšʔemetšeš ʔi ʔelyewùn \xe 'enemy of swordfish' (a way of referring to the killer whale). \sd animals \sd ocean \sd food \sd fish \sd nature \lg KK \rf Klar 1977: 19 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔemetšeš \a emetšeš \va (emetšeš) \ps n \ge soldier \ge warrior \ge war \de soldier; warrior; war \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼem̓ečeš ‘army; enemies’, CRZ emečeš and mexik ‘enemy,’ INZ ʼem̓ečeš ‘warrior; soldier; war’ (Whistler 1980: 8; Beeler & Klar 1977: 87; SYBCI 2007: 114) \cf itšʔemetšeš \ce to be the enemy of \xv 1. hešeʔemetšeš \xe 'these soldiers.' \xv 2. tšiyaxitš seʔemetšeš \xe 'the soldiers are fighting.' \xv 3. tsqisqisənwu ʔishinemetšeš lokawot \xe 'the captain is inspecting or reviewing the soldiers.' \xv 4. nawaʔaʔay ʔan tšʔiłwaš šeʔemetšeš, tšiyaxitš lokeʔemetšeš neʔesʔəhə siku saliyaqša \xe 'before there was a great war, the soldiers fought in the war, many died.' \xv 5. lokawuki kalutiyək lokawot ʔan tsamwisumeleweʔe \xe 'they sent the boat that the captain was on down to the bottom with blows.' \sd warfare \sd people \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.376.3, 514.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔemleweni \ph ʔɛmblɛwɛni \ps n \ge snake(s) (general term) \de snake(s) (general term) \ee Listed under “snakes” in semantic slipfiles. Fernando Librado noted that this term might also include lizards. \xv 1. loʔkaʔemlewenì ʔan musʔił tsʔəł \xe 'snake has no legs.' \xv 2. tspowipowi loʔkaʔemlewenì ʔišnaʔał \xe 'the snake wriggles when it goes.' \xv 3. tsʔyət loʔkaʔemleweni kašnehet loʔkamasəx šaʔapətàš loʔištəpəq kapon̓ kispiłnowò tsʰwatiwiłpi loʔkapon̓ kikasxoyòyò \xe 'the snake comes as [far as] three paces from the trunk of the tree, jumps, and sticks against the tree and flies.' \sd reptiles \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.189.1-194.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔenekwetete \ps n \ge duck (small species) \de duck (small species) \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ʼalikweteteʼ ‘duck species’ (SYBCI 2007: 45, 504) \ee Described as whitish from the bill down to the bell with a greyish and black blended color on the back. It can be found at the mouth of the Venturea River. Smaller than the domestic pigeon. \xv 1. lokaʔenekʰwetetè ʔan tsʔespet ʔišnuxš \xe 'the ___ duck has a broad bill.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.442.1-2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔenhešeš \ps n \ge spirit (of the dead) \ge soul \de spirit (of the dead); soul \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + enhes (breath; spirit; pulse) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf enhes \ce breath; spirit; pulse \sd mythology \sd spirituality \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.519.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔepsu \rd ʔepʔepsuʔu \ps n \ge basket hat \ge hat, basket \de basket hat \ee Old women put these hats on their heads when they went to fetch wood so that the cord of the carrying net would not hurt their forehead. \cf ʔałʔepšunitš \ce hatted person \cf ʔepšunetš \ce to wear a hat \xv 1. tšʔił ʔišwaqšik hesikʔepsu \xe 'my hat it has designs on it.' \xv 2. hesikʔepšuniwaš \xe 'my basket hat.' \xv 3. ʔałʔepšunitš \xe 'hatted person.' \xv 4. tšʔił ʔišwaqšik hesikʔépsu \xe 'my basket hat has designs on it.' \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 89.821.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔepš \ps n \ge hair (head) \de hair (head) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔepšiwaš \pde hair (head).DEPR \cf ʔepšiwaš \ce hair \cf ʔepšutš \ce to have much hair \cf ʔišuš \ce pubic hair \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.521.4; 94.385.2 \dt 04/Mar/2018 \lx ʔepšiwaš \ps n \ge hair \de hair \ee There is no indication that this word means something different from ͽʔepš. \mr [<ʔepš (hair (head)) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔepš \ce hair (head) \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \xv 1. tšʔepšiwaš \xe 'his hair.' \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.385.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔepšunetš \ps v \ge wear a hat \ge hat, wear a \de to wear a hat \mr [<ʔepsu (basket hat) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔałʔepšunitš \ce hatted person \cf ʔepsu \ce basket hat \xv 1. tšʔepšunetš \xe 'he is wearing a hat.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʔepšunetš \xe 'I have a hat on.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.522.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔepšutš \ps v \ge have much hair \ge hair, have much \de to have much hair \mr [<ʔepš- (hair (head)) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔepš \ce hair (head) \xv 1. tšʔepšutš \xe 'he has much hair on his head' (can be said of a man or woman). \sd body \sd verbs \rf 89.523.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔepʔepsuʔu \ps n \ge basket hat.REDUP \de basket hat.REDUP \cf ʔepsu \ce basket hat \sd reduplications \dt 04/Jul/2018 \lx ʔeqelepešuʔu \ph ˌˀɛqɛlɛpɛˈʃʊˀʊ \ps n \ge land slug \ge slug, land \de land slug \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.82.2 \dt 03/Apr/2015 \lx ʔeqenmu \ps n \ge sandal, flat-heeled \ge flat-heeled sandal \de flat-heeled sandal with a section above made of woven leather strips \ee Harrington translates this word as 'guarache,' but it seems that this is either a misspelling or an archaic spelling as 'huarache' is now the preferred spelling. \cf ʔeqenmuʔun \ce to put on flat-heeled sandals \cf ʔeqenmuʔutš \ce to have flat-heeled sandals on \cf sapatu \ce shoe \xv 1. musʔił tsʔeqenmu \xe 'he has no flat-heeled sandals' (i.e., he is barefoot). \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.485.4-; 94.394.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeqenmuʔun \a ʔeqenmun \a eqenmun \va (ʔeqenmun, eqenmun) \ps v \ge put on flat-heeled sandals \de to put on flat-heeled sandals \mr [] \cf ʔeqenmu \ce flat-heeled sandal with a section above made of woven leather strips \xv 1. tsʔeqenmunit \xe 'he put on my huaraches.' \xv 2. hukeqemuʔun \xe 'I am going to put on my huaraches.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \sd routine \lg JPH \rf 89.486.2-487.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeqenmuʔutš \ps v \ge have flat-heeled sandals on \ge sandals on, have flat-heeled \de to have flat-heeled sandals on \mr [<ʔeqenmu (flat-heeled sandal with an upper section of woven leather strips.ϡredupϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔeqenmu \ce flat-heeled sandal with a section above made of woven leather strips \cf šapatunitš \ce to put shoes on \xv 1. tšʔeqenmuʔutš \xe 'he has flat-heeled sandals.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.486.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeqenmun \cf ʔeqenmuʔun \ce to put on flat-heeled sandals \sd variations \dt 07/May/2011 \lx ʔeqpʔe \a eqpʔe \rd ʔeqtsʔeqpʔeʔe \va (eqpʔe) \ps n \ge patella \ge kneepan \de patella; kneepan \xv 1. hesikʔeqpʔe \xe 'my kneepan.' \xv 2. tsʔeqʔpe \xe 'kneepans.' \xv 3. tsʔeqtsʔeqpʔeʔe \xe 'kneepans.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 89.492.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔeqtsʔeqpʔeʔe \ps n \ge patella.REDUP \ge kneepan.REDUP \de patella.REDUP; kneepan.REDUP \cf ʔeqpʔe \ce patella; kneepan \sd reduplications \dt 05/Mar/2011 \lx ʔeqweleš \rd ʔeqʔeqweleš \a eqweleš \va (eqweleš) \ps n \ge work \ge labor \ge fruit \de work; labor; fruit \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + eqwel (make) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \xv 1. musisaxkuyus lokaʔeqweleš \xe 'have no confidence in work/labor.' \xv 2. lakumeliwaš ʔiyʔeqweleš \xe 'it is bad work.' \xv 3. kikawašətš lokapeqweleš sipmaʔam \xe 'and the fruit of thy womb.' \xv 4. lokaʔeqʔeqweleš ʔimiserikordia ʔan kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \xe 'the works of misery are fourteen.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.502.1-503.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeqʔem̓u \ps n \ge killer whale \ge whale, killer \de killer whale \ee May also refer to Risso’s dolphin. Also referred to as ͽtšitšʔemetšeš ͽʔi ͽʔelyewun, ‘enemy of swordfish’ \mr ?[<ʔaq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + ʔe (of digging into) + -ʔ (ϡfgϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \sd mammals \sd ocean \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.804.2-812.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeqʔeqweleš \ps n \ge work.REDUP \ge labor.REDUP \ge fruit.REDUP \de work.REDUP; labor.REDUP; fruit.REDUP \cf ʔeqweleš \ce work; labor; fruit \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔes \ps v \ge weave openwork \ge openwok, weave \de to weave openwork \ee May be used of weaving ͽʔoyóy or ͽtsaya. \cf ʔešeʔeš \ce mat \cf meqseʔes \ce to weave smth \cf meqšešeš \ce woven mat \xv 1. kʔes \xe 'I weave openwork.' \xv 2. hukʔes sitsaya \xe 'I'm going to weave a large gathering basket/leeching basket.' \sd verbs \sd basketry \rf 89.529.4-530.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔesmu \sc Juncus acutus; Juncus effuses \ps n \ge rush, spiny \ge spiny rush \ge bog rush \ge rush, bog \de spiny rush; bog rush \ee These rushes were used in the construction of water baskets (ͽʔušʔem̓), beach baskets (ͽʔoxoy), and large gathering basket/leeching basket (ͽtsaya) (Timbrook 2007: 99 101). \sd basketry \sd plants \sd nature \lg JT; TJPH; JPH \rf 81.58.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔespʔet \a ʔespet \a espetʰ \ps v \ge flat, be \ge broad, be \de to be broad; to be flat \ee Harrington notes that this verb often has connotations of breadth. \cf ʔałʔespʔet \ce palm of the hand \cf nuxš \ce nose \cf taneʔespʔet \ce to be somewhat flat (i.e., to be somewhat rough); to have uneven surface \xv 1. xəp ʔi ʔałʔespet \xe 'broad rock or slab of rock.' \xv 2. xəp ʔi ʔałʔespet \xe 'he is snub-nosed' (referring to the shape of the nose). \xv 3. tsʔespʔet loʔismət \xe 'it has a flat back.' \xv 4. lamuštəʔəʔən tsʔespʔet \xe 'it is not very broad.' \xv 5. tšʔespet \xe 'it is shallow' (said of a ladle). \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 89.174; 89.151; 94.329.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔestufa \ps n \ge stove \de stove \mr \xv 1. hukuškeʔey hesiyʔestufa, hukwatšʔəʔəw losuʔušʔušwekeyeš \xe 'I am going to throw this stove away at the rubbish pile.' \sd kitchen \sd instruments \sd household \lg TJPH, JPH \rf 91.506.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔešeʔeš \ps n \ge mat \de mat \mr [<ʔes (weave openwork) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔes \ce to weave openwork \cf meqšešeš \ce woven mat \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.532.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔetetš \cf ʔetʔetš \ce to wear a necklace \sd variations \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx ʔetʔetš \a ʔetetš \a etetš \va (ʔetetš, etetš) \ps v \ge wear a necklace \ge necklace, wear a \de to wear a necklace \mr [<ʔel̓ (necklace) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔeł \ce necklace \xv 1. hukʔetʔetš \xe 'I am going to put my necklace on.' \xv 2. hukʔetetš sitsiyéł ʔiku \xe 'I am going to wear beads as a necklace.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔetʔetš; (Ϟor Ϟbetter no ʔan kʔetʔetšeš) \xe 'I have a necklace on.' \xv 4. 1. tšʔetetš sitsiyeł ʔiku \xe 'she has beads/necklaces on.' \xv 5. tšiyʔetʔetšwu \xe 'they wear skins as necklaces.' \xv 6. ʔałetʔetšeš \xe 'they have necklaces.' \xv 7. kʔetʔetš ʔišpunwaš sixus \xe 'I put on a necklace [with] a bear’s front paw.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.533.1-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔetse \cf ʔetsʰe \ce to sneeze; to snort \sd variations \dt 08/May/2011 \lx ʔetsʰe \a ʔetse \va (ʔetse) \ps v \ge sneeze \ge snort \de to sneeze; to snort \sy ʔetsʰum \xv 1. no ʔan kʔetse \xe 'I sneeze.' \xv 2. mukpošʰotš hałkʔalaqikʔik kilatšə sikʔetsʰe \xe 'who knows what disturbs me that makes me sneeze.' \xv 3. tsʰetsʰe ͼ[sic.] \xe 'he snorts/sneezes' (said of a horse). \sd onomatopoeia \sd animals \sd body \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.534.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔetsʰum \ps v \ge breathe \ge snort \ge sneeze \de to snort; to breathe; to sneeze \ee Variant of ͽʔetsʰe. \sy ʔetsʰe \xv 1. kʔetsʰum \xe 'I sneeze.' \sd body \sd common \sd onomatopoeia \lg JPH \rf 89.534.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔewe \sc Sphyraena argentea \ps n \ge California barracuda \ge barracuda, California \de California barracuda \ee This is the word used in the dialect of Ojai. \sd fish \sd animals \sd dialects \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.11.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔewhey̓ \ps n \ge small winnowing basket \ge winnowing basket , small \ge basket , small winnowing \de small winnowing basket \ee This was a coiled, tray shaped basket no more than 14 in. (35 cm.) in diameter used for winnowing or parching seeds (Hudson & Blackburn 1983: 132 144). This is the dialectal term for Mitsqanaqan̓ ͽʔayuwhat. \cf ʔayuwhat \ce small winnowing basket \cf yəw1 \ce large winnowing basket \cf yuqtsʔewhe \ce to draw one's belly in \xv 1. hesikʔewhey̓ \xe 'my basket.' \sd household \sd basketry \sd food \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.535.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeyʔeyuʔus \ps n \ge ?wart.REDUP \ge type of sore.REDUP \ge sore, type of.REDUP \cf ʔeyus \ce type of sore; ?wart \sd reduplications \dt 03/Jul/2018 \lx ʔeye \ps v \ge shine \ge glint \de to shine; to glint \xv 1. tsip tsʔeyewu heʔištəq hesaʔałmaxuyułkuw, lakʰan ʔisyułtʔul ʔan tsoxkonono \xe 'his eyes shine in the dark and when he gets mad he makes a cry.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd light \lg TJPH \rf 92.696.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeyus \rd ʔeyʔeyuʔus \ps n \ge ?wart \ge sore, type of \de type of sore; ?wart \gn mescinos \dn mescinos \ee This denotes a type of skin lesion, probably warts. \cf ʔeyušitš \ce to have warts \xv 1. lokasʔeyʔeyuʔus \xe 'his warts.' \xv 2. tsʔił sikʔeyus \xe 'I have a wart.' \xv 3. ʔəhə sikʔeyus \xe 'I have many warts on my body.' \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.344.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeyušitš \ps v \ge have warts \ge warts, have \de to have warts \mr [<ʔeyus (wart) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔeyus \ce type of sore; ?wart \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.480.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəhə \a əhə \rd ʔəhəʔəʔə \va (əhə) \ps adj \ge many, be \ge much, be \de to be many; to be much \et *equ \ec Compare BOI ʼɨxɨ ‘many; much,’ CRZ ʼinuhuč ‘many; much,’ INZ ʼɨhɨ ‘many; much,’ OBI ʼexu ⁓ ʼequ ‘many; much’ (Klar 1977: 26) \cf axʔəhəʔəʔən \ce to glut; to consume inordinately \cf ləhəʔən \ce to grow up in bunches \cf tanəʔəhə \ce to be(come) more \xv 1. ʔəhə ʔisʔəł \xe 'it has many legs' (said of a lobster). \xv 2. ʔəhə ʔišʔałtšum \xe 'he is rich.' \xv 3. ʔəhə ʔišwaqšik \xe 'it has different colors' (said of a rainbow). \xv 4. ʔəhə šikišnuxš \xe 'I have lots of fleas on my nose.' \xv 5. ʔəhə ʔi tsʰowtsʰów \xe 'there are many hills.' \xv 6. ʔəhə ʔi šukepeš \xe 'many baptized ones.' \xv 7. ʔəhə sulam ʔuw \xe 'there is a lot of food.' \xv 8. ʔəhə siku šałʔiyoxonəšpi \xe 'many feared her.' \xv 9. ʔəhə sikʰintštəp hesikʔamamə \xe 'I have lots of fleas on my body.' \xv 10. ʔiyʔałʔałtšumitš ʔəhə ʔišiyʔałtšum, \xe 'they are rich men.' \xv 11. ʔəhə šikaqskutałputš \xe 'he thinks of many things' (like a crazy person). \xv 12. ʔəhə šiqowotš ʔišiyuliʔiš \xe 'there were many salmon they caught.' \xv 13. tšʔapʰanitš lokałʔəhə kasiwid \xe 'he lives in the seaweed.' \xv 14. payikʔulʔəhə hałtšisaxsił \xe 'one caught as many as he wanted to.' \xv 15. lakanawa sʔəhə witšʔeqeš ʔan kušpen \xe 'only when the chips accumulate, do I brush them aside.' \xv 16. lokoʔoyoso ʔan munatštə khusʔəhə \xe 'the bumblebees are not found in great numbers.' \xv 17. hesikawkawiyaʔa ʔan ʔiyʔałtšik ʔan ʔəhə \xe 'the Kawiya are a louse-y tribe' (This is solely the opinion of the original consultant, and may originally have been given only as a syntactic example and or humorously. This example does not reflect the opinions of past and living Chumash, nor does it reflect the opinion of the author). \xv 18. wašətš ʔi šup kaypi kisʔəhə sulamʔuw \xe 'it is a good year and therefore there is a lot of food.' \xv 19. ʔəhəʔəʔə kisʰuwał kinomnomoywu lokaʔikmen̓ \xe 'there are lots of them so that the waves roll them around.' \xv 20. heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan ʔəhə ʔisʰin tštəp \xe 'this dog has a lot of fleas.' \xv 21. lokoʔoteł kałmušpiwetš ʔan kałʔəhə šipštə \xe 'a cheap hotel has a lot of lice.' \xv 22. lakʰan susəhə sukʔalustʔey ʔan muhukyətini naxyət \xe 'if I have a lot to do, I will not return tomorrow.' \xv 23. no ʔan musiyʔuwit hałtštəp, payikʔula ʔəhə hałtštəp lokaxayanəš ʔan musiyʔuwit \xe 'fleas don’t bite me, no matter how fleay the bed is they don’t bite me.' \xv 24. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə saʔalaxəwəł hemitsqanaqan yəlaʔa heʔišup, kasiməy ʔan ʔəhənwaš, latšʔilitš kisiyamtiʔiy šaʔapʰanəšmu, kałʔəhəʔəʔə šałʔisuwuswu šaʔatəšwənəš kilokalamwəłwu ʔan katanimitʔi \xe 'in early times there were lots of coyotes at Ventura in the hills and there were lots of wolves, sometimes they came down to the town, the people poisoned more than they shot.' \xv 25. tsamsutiqipus loʔiswałwaʔał tsamsunuwus siyop \xe 'the holes of the abalone shell are plugged with tar.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd common \sd adjectives \rf 89.271.3, 537.1-544.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəhəʔəʔə \ps v \ge many.REDUP, be \ge much.REDUP, be \de to be many.REDUP; to be much.REDUP \cf ʔəhə \ce to be many; to be much \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔək \ps n \ge mouth \de mouth \et *ʔVk \ec Compare BOI ʼɨk ‘mouth,’ CRZ ʼɨč ‘mouth,’ INZ ʼɨk ‘mouth,’ OBI ʼɨč, ʼɨtʸɨ ‘mouth,’ PUY ʼək ‘mouth,’ ROS ok ‘mouth’ (Klar 1977: 99; Beeler & Klar 1977: 67; Harrington 1986: 3.6.18.2) \cf ʔəkəʔəš \ce grass stuffed in mouth \xv 1. sikʔək \xe 'my mouth.' \xv 2. ʔisʔək \xe 'mouth' (of a basket, etc.). \sd anatomy \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.545.2-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəkəʔəš \ps n \ge grass stuffed in mouth \de grass stuffed in mouth \mr [<ʔək (mouth) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔək \ce mouth \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.546.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəł \a ʔəl \va (ʔəl) \rd ʔəłʔəʔəł \ps n \ge foot/leg \ge leg/foot \de foot/leg \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼɨl̓ ‘leg,’ CRZ nim-el ‘whole leg,’ INZ ʼɨl̓ ‘foot, leg’ PUY ʼəł ‘leg’ (Whistler 1980: 68; SYBCI 2007: 165; Beeler & Klar 1977: 102; Klar 1981: 880; Harrington 1986: 3.6.19.1) \cf aləʔəł \ce one at the feet of \cf aləʔəłpi \ce to lie with one’s feet towards \xv 1. kapʔəłʔəʔəł \xe 'thy two legs.' \xv 2. ʔułyi ʔi sʔəł \xe 'long-legged one.' \xv 3. tšulišit hesikʔəł \xe 'I have gotten my foot tangled with something when swimming.' \xv 4. tsapətit hesikʔəł \xe 'he/she stepped on my foot.' \xn 'me pisó en el pie.' \xv 5. tsapinit hesikʔəł \xe 'he cauterized my leg.' \xv 6. kikasiyamli loʔisʔəł silamesa \xe '(the lice) descended the leg of the table.' \xv 7. heʔsixʔanwa ʔulʔulyi ʔi sʔəł \xe 'this woman has long legs.' \xv 8. no ʔan hukapətił losipʔəł \xe 'I am going to tread on your foot.' \xv 9. tsamaqsik heʔispu ka loʔisʔəł \xe 'they tied his hands and feet.' \xv 10. lokatuq ʔan tštəkəkʰə heʔisʔəłʔəʔəł \xe 'the grass-hopper has rough legs.' \xv 11. ʔiseqenwaš ʔan tseqpeyus ʔisʔəł siqunup \xe 'its track is like the footprint of a child.' \xv 12. hukʰwatšʔəw hesiklapis \xe 'I am going to kick this pencil.' \xv 13. lokaqʔanwa ʔan tsalotoyi heʔisaləʔəł lokašmamawaš, \xe 'the girl is lying at the feet of her grandmother.' \xv 14. lokaʔišʔaluleqpey kasʔəłʔəʔəł ʔan kałtsunuwus ʔišapałhay \xe 'his two rear legs he uses to jump with.' \xv 15. kʔolotəš hesikʔəł \xe 'my leg has gone to sleep.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.111.4; 89.311.4, 546.3-549.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəłʔəʔəł \ps n \ge foot/leg.REDUP \ge leg/foot.REDUP \de foot/leg.REDUP \cf ʔəł \ce foot/leg \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəmə \a əmə \a ʔəmə́ \a ʔəmə̀ \va (əmə) \ps v \ge mute, be \de to be mute \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼɨmɨ ‘to be dumb, mute,’ CRZ ɨmɨ ‘to be dumb (mute),’ INZ ʼɨmɨ ‘to be dumb, mute,’ PUY ʼəmə ‘to be mute’ (Whistler 1980: 12; Beeler & Klar 1977: 86; SYBCI 2007: 166; Harrington 1986: 3.6.1700.1) \mr [<ʔəməh>] \cf ʔəməhə \ce to be quiet \cf atsʔəməmə \ce to shut one's mouth; to close one's mouth \cf səʔəməhə \ce to hush; to make quiet \xv 1. no ʔan kʔəmə (Ϟor no ʔan kʔałʔəmə) \xe 'I am mute.' \xv 2. muwašəʔəʔətš lokalamʔipʰpi ʔan yəlaʔa lokatšotšonəʔəš ʔan tsiyəmə \xe 'I don’t believe what they say about fishes being mute.' \xv 3. lokahoti ʔan ʔəmə \xe 'the cormorant is mute.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.549.3-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəməhə \ps v \ge quiet, be \de to be quiet \mr [<ʔəməh (be mute) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf ʔəmə \ce to be mute \cf səʔəməhə \ce to hush; to make quiet \xv 1. ʔəməhə ! \xe 'shut up!' \xv 2. huksəʔəməhə \xe 'I am going to hush the child up when crying (said of children only).' \sd language \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.534.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəqəy \a ʔəxəy \va (ʔəxəy) \ps n \ge quail \ge chicken \ge domestic fowl \ge fowl, domestic \de quail; chicken; domestic fowl \gn codorniz \dn codorniz \xv 1. munasuyanaxyət kisiyiqon lokaʔəqəy \xe 'the chickens sing early.' \xv 2. tšišołxoyoyo lokaʔəqəy \xe 'the quails fly up.' \xv 3. kqišqišənwunwaš šiʔišʔatʔaxtʔaxatš səʔəqəy, pakeʔet ʔan xaʔax kilokatsʔohoy ʔan tanimitʔi, kʰanwa ʔišʰuyoʔoš lokamitʔi lokaxʔanwa kəʔəqəy ʔan tsmaqutinaʔał lokaxaʔax kištitap lokatanimitʔi \xe 'I used to see roosters, one was big and one smaller, when the little one wanted a hen the big one came running and chased the little one away.' \xv 4. ʔəqəy ʔi xenti (Ϟor ʔəxəy ʔi xenti) \xe 'quail.' \xv 5. tšišołxoyoyò lokaʔəqəy ka xenti \xe 'the quail fly up' (with a humming sound). \xv 6. tsʔipʰ, "takakà" \xe 'it [the quail] says, "takaka" ' (said of the male quail). \xv 7. loʔkaʔatʔaxatš kaʔəqəy ʔan tštšuxìtš \xe 'the male quail has a crest.' \xv 8. tšiʔišmòtš səʔəqəy sixenti \xe 'a flock of quail.' \xv 9. ʔəqəy ʔi ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'rooster.' \xv 10. ʔəqəy (Ϟor ʔəqəy) ʔi xʔanwa \xe 'hen.' \xv 11. ʔanapiqe (Ϟor ʔanapiqe ʔi ʔəqəy) \xe 'chick.' \xv 12. tštum ʔi ʔəqəy \xe 'chicken egg.' \xv 13. ʔəqəy ʔi šukepeš \xe 'chicken' (the full specification). \xv 14. tsʰmaqʰtuù suʔułku kisiwon lokaʔəqəy \xe 'in the middle of the night the rooster crows.' \xv 15. tsʔip kakakaka. lokaʔəqəy ʔan tšaxšəšwu lokaštałtałhəw \xe 'she [the hen] says, “kakakaka.” the hen calls her chicks.' \xv 16. huktaktəwu hesikʔəqəy pakpakeʔet kilakayukšušexenwu \xe 'I am going to kill of my chickens one by one until I get rid of them .' \xv 17. kəpə ʔan neʔemuksuyasinayiʔiy hałʔeqey, tsiyʔuw siksələyət, tšiyušxaxš hekakʰintaštaʔaš, musʔił hałkaxkat kimusʔił lukałyikuswu \xe 'I am not going to keep chickens any longer, they eat my siembras and scratch up my plants and I have no swill to give them.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd husbandry \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.445.1-454.1; 89.546.2; 91.93.3; 92.277.1 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəw \rd ʔəwʔəʔəw \ps n \ge knife \ge sword \ge blade \de blade; knife; sword \gn cuchillo \dn cuchillo \et *ʔiw \ec BOI ʼɨw ‘to cut,’ CRZ qiʼiw ‘knife,’ INZ ʼɨw ‘knife,’ OBI ʼɨwɨ(ʼ) ‘to cut,’ PUY ʼəhwə ‘knife’ (Klar 1977: 94; Harrington 1986: 3.6.29.2) \cf ʔəwə \ce to cut \cf ʔəwənəš \ce cut; scratch; scar \xv 1. tsalitakʔuy ʔisʔəw \xe 'he has his sword in his hand.' \xv 2. lokasʔəw xwan ʔan mustsʔətsʔə \xe 'John's knife is dull.' \xv 3. hesəʔəw ʔan ʔiškom̓ ʔisʔałtsʔətsʔə \xe 'this knife is double-edged.' \sd household \sd tools \sd warfare \lg JPH \rf 89.550.2-551.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəwʔəʔəw \ps n \ge blade.REDUP \ge knife.REDUP \ge sword.REDUP \de blade.REDUP; knife.REDUP; sword.REDUP \cf ʔəw \ce blade; knife; sword \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəwə \ps v \ge cut \de to cut \et *-iwa \ec Compare BOI ʼiwawan ‘to cut,’ CRZ ʼewe ‘needle,’ INZ ʼiwawan ‘to cut,’ OBI ʼɨwɨ ‘to cut’ (Klar 1977: 17) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ʔəwətšəši \pde to cut.REFL.CPLV \cf ʔəw \ce blade; knife; sword \cf ʔəwənəš \ce cut; scratch; scar \xv 1. kʔəwə \xe 'I cut a person with a knife.' \xv 2. kʔəwətšəši \xe 'I cut myself with a knife.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔəwə \xe 'I cut it.' \xv 4. ʔiškom̓ ʔisʔəwə \xe 'he gave him two cuts.' \xv 5. ʔəhə ʔisʔəwə heʔiskəw kaheʔispu \xe 'he has a lot of cuts on his arm and chest.' \xv 6. ʔiyʔałʔəwətš \xe 'they are cutting.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.550.3-553.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəwə- \a əwə- \va (əwə-) \ps vpre \ge NEG.IRR \de negative irrealis verb prefix \ee Glossed as NEG.IRR. \xv 1. ʔulasmusʼił hałʔaskuał ʔan əwəsamaqmił site \xe 'it were not for the sugar, nobody would drink tea.' \xv 2. ʔulamuʔəhə hałtsʔixip, ʔan ʔəwəlasməkənli hałtšpelonušaʔaš \xe 'if he did not earn a lot he would not go so far to shear.' \xv 3. ʔəwə laʔpsalaqʰwaʔay watšʔəw̓, neʔiknisełqe \xe 'I wish you could fix it' (lit., you would not make it suitable to throw away, [but that] you have already broken it to pieces.) \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd mood \lg TJPH \rf 89.691.1; 92.725.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəwək \ps n \ge surffish (?surf perch) \de surffish (?surf perch) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼɨw̓ɨk ‘surf fish; mojarra’ (Whistler 1980: 12) \ee May refer to the surf perches (family Embiotocidae). \xv 1. hukʰšaxšiʔiłtš səʔəwək \xe 'I am going to fish for surffish (?surf perch).' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd fish \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 71.82.1; 90.733.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəwənəš \rd ʔəwʔəwənəʔəš \ps n \ge cut \ge scratch \ge scar \de cut; scratch; scar \mr [<ʔəwə (cut) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡnz.reslϡ)>] \cf ʔəw \ce blade; knife; sword \cf ʔəwə \ce to cut \xv 1. ʔəwənəš \xe 'he is cut/marked' (said of a man, but could also be said of a carpenter's mark on a piece of wood). \xv 2. tsaqniʔił hekakʔəwənəš \xe 'I have my scar here.' \xv 3. tsaqniʔił lokašʔəwənəš \xe 'the mark of the cut was left.' \xv 4. neʔesitpeni lokasʔəwʔəwənəʔəš \xe 'he is already healed of the cuts.' \xv 5. neʔemusaxniʔił (Ϟor musaxniʔił) lokašʔəwənəš \xe 'there is now no longer any scar from my cut.' \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.553.4-554.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəxəy \cf ʔəqəy \ce quail; chicken; domestic fowl \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəy \sc ?Apis mellifera mellifera \ps n \ge honeybee (small species) \ge yellowjacket \de yellowjacket; honeybee (small species) \ee This does not refer to the non native Italian honey bee. It seems likely that the application of this term to a bee is to the introduced Black European honey bee Apis mellifera mellifera. The oldest use of this term is likely reserved for the yellowjacket. \et *ɨyɨ ~ *ɨyɨʔ \ec Compare BOI ʼɨy ‘yellowjacket,’ OBI (t)ɨyɨ ‘yellowjacket’ (Klar 1977: 24) \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.41.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔi \ps prcl \ge GEN \ge genitive \de genitive particle \ee Glossed as GEN. \xv 1. meš ʔi ʔaxwi \xe 'buckskin purse.' \xv 2. ʔaxwi ʔi wə \xe 'deerskin hide skirt.' \xv 3. kʰtut ʔi mitʔi \xe 'small spider.' \xv 4. xʔanwa ʔi mitʔi \xe 'young woman.' \xv 5. xʔanwa ʔi qʰnowowo \xe 'small adult woman.' \xv 6. ʔaxinaləš ʔi xus \xe 'bear dance.' \xv 7. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałtʔutʔu \xe 'one-eyed man.' \xv 8. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔaluqštu \xe 'deaf man.' \xv 9. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałmaxatš \xe 'a blind man.' \xv 10. ʔałnəw ʔi ʔaqʰskʔatata \xe 'split-stick singer.' \xv 11. ʔałtsutuhuy ʔi xwetet \xe 'the frog that makes the rain come.' \xv 12. ʔiwexeš ʔi mays \xe 'ground corn.' \xv 13. ya ʔi ʔałʔił ʔi ʔištapušaʔaš \xe 'arrow with shaft.' \xv 14. ya ʔikukaʔaš \xe 'arrow with bird point.' \xv 15. ya ʔiʔutʔawəʔəš \xe 'small game arrow.' \xv 16. ya ʔiʔaxitšaʔaš \xe 'arrow for war.' \xv 17. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalatʔamli \xe 'a wading bird.' \xv 18. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔuwmu \xe 'edible bird'. \xv 19. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalaqiwəwə \xe 'swimming birds.' \xv 20. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalutoqop \xe 'diving birds.' \xv 21. tšwiw ʔi ʔalaqułpepš \xe 'insect eating bird.' \xv 22. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔałʔalalinəw \xe 'a night singing bird.' \xv 23. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔałyuqʰspək \xe 'long-legged bird.' \xv 24. tštum ʔi ʔayatulutul \xe 'butterfly egg; butterfly cocoon.' \xv 25. šik ʔi pon̓ \xe 'bedbug.' \xv 26. qunup ʔi ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'male child.' \xv 27. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi qunup \xe 'male child.' \xv 28. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałʔałsukowowo \xe 'man who habitually holds arrow on left side of his bow when he shoots.' \xv 29. qʔəmə̀ ʔi ʔałwaštipołyoqò \xe 'twisted snail shell.' \xv 30. nupan ʔi ʔawháy̓ \xe 'the moon is new.' \xv 31. kayuškuʔum ʔi saqikumu \xe 'the cresent (of the moon).' \xv 32. šmaktunutš ʔi ʔałwayani \xe 'half-moon.' \xv 33. xəp ʔi ʔałʔespet \xe 'a broad rock or slab of rock.' \xv 34. pon̓ ʔi uxmałtapəš \xe 'a poking stick.' \xv 35. xʔanwa ʔi ʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'married woman.' \xv 36. muʔałtšatiwənitš ʔi xʔanwa \xe 'unmarried woman.' \xv 37. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'married man.' \xv 38. ʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔiyʔiʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'married men.' \xv 39. ʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔimuʔiʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'unmarried men.' \xv 40. muʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'unmarried person.' \xv 41. tsʔatsʔəs ʔi paš \xe 'amole fiber.' \xv 42. tšyəwəš ʔi wə \xe 'deer head.' \xv 43. tsenhes ʔi hew \xe 'flying fish.' \xv 44. tsʔamamə ʔi šaqšanùtš \xe 'body of a dead person.' \xv 45. tšliyək ʔi šup \xe 'middle of the world.' \xv 46. tšlewlewutš ʔi maqš \xe 'fragments of flint.' \xv 47. tšpašpaš ʔi paxat \xe 'vomit of a whale.' \xv 48. tštək ʔi šup \xe 'point of land.' \xv 49. tskonin ʔi ʔałšuqstahay ʔisułku \xe 'a worm that gives light at night.' \xv 50. tsʔoqwo ʔi kawayu \xe 'horse hair.' \xv 51. ʔiʔałtap ʔi maxatʔaməš \xe 'those who enter the fiesta' (ceremonial entry). \xv 52. tsʔaqitùʔùm ʔi tímèw \xe 'it is the mark of the rabbit.' \xv 53. tšlomlom ʔi ʔamə \xe 'its meat is tender.' \xv 54. ʔəqəy ʔi xenti \xe 'quail.' \xv 55. ʔaxunpes ʔi ʔalaqtipałyət \xe 'the fly that sucks blood.' \xv 56. ʔaqiwo ʔi ʔałtsuyanaxyət \xe 'the bright (morning/evening) star.' \xv 57. ʔaqiwo ʔi ʔalaxtaqimaya \xe 'evening star.' \xv 58. ʔalaqutšʔum ʔi ʔałʔił ʔiškom̓ ʔištuʔwaš \xe 'a two-shelled clam.' \xv 59. lo ʔi tsʰowtsʰow \xe 'those hills.' \xv 60. kumeliwaš ʔi ku \xe 'she is a worthless person.' \xv 61. nawaʔaʔay ʔi ku \xe 'a very old person.' \xv 62. nawnawayʔiwaʔaš ʔi ku \xe 'the first people.' \xv 63. tšaqwiʔiʔin ʔi ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'he is the very last man.' \xv 64. pakeʔet ʔan tsamipʰ hušaqša tskumù ʔi skʔot \xe 'it was said of the four broken [ones] that one would die.' \xv 65. tsʰin ʔanaputiteqʰpey ʔi tʔayà \xe 'there are barnacles on that abalone shell, barnacles on back of abalone shell.' \xv 66. loʔkaxšap ʔan tsaqʰləw̓ə̀ loʔkaʔantimenkeyeyé kasaqutiple loʔkaʔantimenkeyeye. kisuwelewele heʔišyəwəš kiswewèkʰ heʔisʔamə kalokatspax lokaxšap kikaskitwò \xe 'the rattlesnake swallows the horned lizard and the horned lizard is finished. then he [the horned lizard] shakes his head, he tears his the snake's flesh and skin and exits.' \xv 67. tsalinałnaʔał ʔi sułku \xe 'he goes about at night.' \xv 68. wašətš ʔi samuw tšaqnitšum \xe 'it is good food.' \xv 69. tšiqipš ʔiti ʔi šup sihkuhkuʔu \xe 'this world is full of people.' \xv 70. nawaʔaʔay ʔi ksuyaqmilutš \xe 'I’ve been wanting water for a long time.' \xv 71. kikahuskitwo qowotš ʔi ʔikuyaš \xe 'and he took out the cooked salmon.' \xv 72. wašətš ʔi šup kaypi ki sʔəhə sulamʔuw \xe 'it is a good year and therefore there is a lot of food.' \xv 73. kasitax ʔi šuwatšə pakeʔet saʔałkʔot \xe 'he heard the yell of one of the broken one.' \xv 74. tštikumus ʔi šupšup mitsqanaqan \xe 'there are lots of hills back of Ventura.' \xv 75. lasałʔeqenpì ʔan tsmaxnaʔàł ʔi tšliyuyù \xe 'wherever he goes he leaves a slimy trail' (said of slug). \xv 76. nee ka skumli ʔi šʰinʔišaw si muhusilikʔe ʔiti šup \xe 'the day arrived to him of no longer living.' \xv 77. kanawa skitwo hemaʔàm loʔkašə ʔan nayišwaqšìk, tssununà ʔišwaqšik sukʔuyətus ʔi ʔimeymu. kanawa šnapày, kʔuwe tšniwipxey loʔkaskʔuyətaʔàš \xe 'when he came out of the cliff he was much painted, he began to paint himself well with white mud. when he went up, he sped up, with his adornment.' \xv 78. kanawa šitšoho ʔi ʔisisinay loʔkaswaskə kaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš katomoł , nayisʔił ʔisiyʔaxipe sipon̓ yəlaʔa nayisiyalaqwaʔay kikasamsapitsʔə siyop samsalaqwaʔay šiyuštipey' ʔispəł sitsʔekʰənən \xe 'when they finish placing the keel of the tomol in the forks, already the boards are worked smooth, they heat tar and [when] it is well readied they mix it with pine pitch.' \sd particles \lg TJPH \rf Daughter1; Travels22; WeirB15 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔi- \hm 1 \cf si-3 \ce inalienable prefix \sd variations \dt 04/Mar/2018 \lx ʔi- \hm 2 \cf si-2 \ce partitive prefix \sd variations \dt 04/Jul/2018 \lx ʔiʔiʔił \a ʔiʔiʔíł \ps v \ge exist.REDUP \de to exist.REDUP \cf ʔił \ce to exist \sd reduplications \dt 01/Jun/2012 \lx ʔiʔwə \cf ʔiwə \ce countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -ʔik- \a -hek- \a -ik- \va (-ik-) \ps vroot \ge do to \de do to \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI hik ‘to happen to; to do to; to affect; to undertake,’ INZ hik ‘to do (something) to or for someone; to affect’ (Whistler 1980: SYBCI 2007: 125) \mr [] \cf ʔałxiliknaš \ce caretaker; police \cf aktik \ce to come to get \cf axiʔik \ce to touch lightly \cf iwaxikpi \ce to touch smth on (smth else) \cf iwaxułhek \ce to cause one to have an outburst of joy \cf saxiʔik \ce ?to cause to touch lightly \cf siqiliʔik \ce to look with attention after \cf šiqiliknaš \ce to spy \cf šiqiliknašmu \ce spy nest \cf xiliʔik \ce to take care of; to watch over \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikmen \cf ʔikmen̓ \ce wave; surf \sd variations \dt 08/May/2011 \lx ʔikmen̓ \ph ˀɪkʰmɛn̰ \rd ʔikʔikmen̓ \a ikmen \a ʔikmen \va (ʔikmen, ikmen) \ps n \ge wave \ge surf \de wave; surf \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ikmen ‘waves; surf to come in; waves to break,’ INZ ikmen ‘waves; surf to come in’ (Whistler 1980; SYBCI 2007: 139) \xv 1. siyikmen \xe '[one] wave.' \xv 2. hesiyʔikʔikmen̓ \xe 'the waves.' \xv 3. tšmam̓utš lokaʔikmen \xe 'it is under the wave' (does not mean the hollow of the wave). \xv 4. tšaskululutš losiikmen \xe 'the wave makes noise.' \xv 5. tskʔilinapay lokaʔikmen \xe 'the wave rises quickly up over the rock.' \xv 6. no ʔan kʔikʰmen̓, ksuxmen \xe 'I am a wave, I break.' \xv 7. tsʰuxmenpi siʔikmen̓ lokaxəp \xe 'the wave breaks on top of the rock.' \xv 8. lomotʔo siyʔikʔikmen̓ kasʔap \xe 'he lives outside the waves.' \xv 9. tspiłpiłnowo lokatomoł losiyikikmén̓ (Ϟor hesiyikikmén̓) \xe 'the boat goes jumping along through the waves.' \xv 10. kayiti kasaxwiʔił siyʔikmen kasułkuw \xe 'the tide came up as far as this last night' (pointing to spot on beach). \xv 11. ʔəhə kisʰuwałkinomnomoywu lokaʔikmen̓ \xe 'there are lots of them, so that the waves roll them around.' \xv 12. kan saʔaltšutšoho ʔisaqiwəwə ʔan tšwelexš losiʔikʔikmen̓ tšwelexšpi hesiʔikʔikmen̓ tsməkənli \xe 'one who knows how to swim passes the waves, he passes the waves and goes far.' \sd ocean \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.587.2-590.1; 90.65.3 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiko \rd ʔikʔikoʔo \ps n \ge hip \ge thigh \de hip; thigh \xv 1. hesikʔiko \xe 'my thigh.' \sd anatomy \rf 89.509.3-4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔikpawəʔəš \ps n \ge carrying ring (for the head) \de carrying ring (for the head) \ee This was a padded ring for cushion and stabilizing loads carried on the head. See also Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 312 313). \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ikpaw (carry on head) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ikpaw \ce to carry on one’s head \sd tools \rf 89.592.1; Hudson & Blackburn 1982: 312-313 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikuk \ps n \ge femur \ge hip bone \de femur; hip bone \xv 1. hesikʔikuk \xe 'my hip bone.' \xv 2. tsʔikuk \xe 'projecting hip bone.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 89.599.4-560.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔikukaʔaš \ps n \ge pecking instrument \de pecking instrument \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 110 111). \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ikuk (strike; peck; chip at) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ikuk \ce to strike; to peck; to butt; to chip at \xv 1. ya ʔikukaʔaš \xe 'arrow with bird point.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.601.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikumešeš \ps n \ge dam (of water) \de dam (of water) \ee Dams, or weirs, were often used to capture fish. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iku- (ϡinstrϡ.order) + mes (traverse; travel across)>] \cf ikumes \ce to dam up \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. šiʔikumešeš \xe 'a dam (of water).' \sd hunting \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.603.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikunətaš \cf ʔikunətəš \ce splice; joint \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikunətəš \a ʔikunətaš \va (ʔikunətaš) \ps n \ge splice \ge joint \de splice; joint \ee This was said of a splice of broken and mended rope, etc. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ikunət (splice) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ikunət \ce to splice \xv 1. lokaʔikunətəš \xe 'the joint' (said of a splice of broken and mended rope). \xv 2. ʔan hesalutikuy lokaʔikunətaš \xe 'it is turned towards the joint.' \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.604.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikunətš \rd ʔikʔikunəʔətš \ps n \ge joint (anatomical) \de joint (anatomical) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + kunət (splice) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ikunət \ce to splice \cf ikunətš \ce to be spliced; to be jointed \xv 1. hesikʔikunətš \xe 'my joint' (said of any joint). \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.605.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikuweweneš \a ʔikuwewenèš \ps n \ge pile \de pile \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iku- (ϡinstrϡ.order) + wewe () + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ikuwewe \ce to pile one thing on top of another \xv 1. kisinay sitsʔohoy siʔikuweweneš sixəp \xe 'we put another pile of rocks.' \sd hunting \sd nature \sd common \lg TJPH \rf WeirC \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikuyaš \ps n \ge smth roasted in ashes \ge roasted in ashes, smth \ge smth cooked in ashes \ge cooked in ashes, smth \de smth roasted in ashes; smth cooked in ashes \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ikuy (roast in ashes) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ikuy \ce to roast in embers \xv 1. kikasʰukitwoqowotš ʔi ʔikuyaš xelex ka šikšìt \xe 'and he took out the roasted salmon that falcon gave me.' \xv 2. kasʔuw loʔkaʔikuyaš kaqowo \xe 'and he ate the roasted salmon.' \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.598.3-599.2, Travels 20, 21 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikʔəməš \ps n \ge bead (type) \de bead (type) \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ʼikʼɨmɨš ‘kind of bead, small and tubular, made of mussel shell, black or white in color’ (Whistler 1980: 139) \xv 1. keqweł siʔikʔəməš \xe 'I am making a kind of bead.' \xv 2. hesikʔikʔəməš \xe 'my beads' (certain kind of bead). \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.607.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔikʔikmen̓ \a ikikmen̓ \va (ikikmen̓) \ps n \ge wave.REDUP \ge surf.REDUP \de wave.REDUP; surf.REDUP \cf ʔikmen̓ \ce wave; surf \sd reduplications \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx ʔikʔikoʔo \ps n \ge hip.REDUP \ge thigh.REDUP \de hip.REDUP; thigh.REDUP \cf ʔiko \ce hip; thigh \sd reduplications \dt 08/May/2011 \lx ʔikʔikunəʔətš \a ikunkunəʔətš \va (ikunkunəʔətš) \ps n \ge joint (anatomical).REDUP \de joint (anatomical).REDUP \cf ʔikunətš \ce joint (anatomical) \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔił \rd ʔiʔiʔił \rd ʔilʔił \a ʔil \a ił \va (ʔil, -ił) \ps v \ge exist \de to exist \cf aqniʔił \ce to be visible; to be clear; to remain \cf qałtsutiłmu \ce petticoats; underskirts \cf suwaqniʔił \ce to be clearly audible \cf šaqšiłtšaši \ce to be contained in; to contain oneself inside smth \cf utiʔił \ce to be under \xv 1. kinelamitʔiʔiʔi ʔan kamusiʔił kamaʔamqisənwu \xe 'but after a short time none can be seen any more.' \xv 2. kinelamusʔił lokasxmatata hesikʔamamə \xe 'I didn’t have any pimples on my body any more.' \xv 3. nełtsʔilił \xe 'where is it?' \xv 4. neʔešqaqš kahe neʔemusʔił hałtšʔišmekʔew̓ \xe 'she was already bald and she no longer had any eyebrows.' \xv 5. no ʔan tsʔił sikʔap lositəpʰə \xe 'I have a house in a forest.' \xv 6. nełtsʔilił ? ; lomiluk \xe 'where is [it]? ; there in the corner [of the room].' \xv 7. ya ʔi ʔałʔił ʔi ʔištapušaʔaš \xe 'arrow with shaft (wooden-tipped cane arrow).' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \lg TJPH \rf 89.27.1-28.2; 92.759.2-1, 801.2; Glutton87 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔilʔił \cf ʔiłʔił \ce to exist.REDUP \sd variations \dt 12/Jul/2018 \lx ʔiłʔił \a ʔilʔił \a ʔiʔiʔił \a ʔilił \va (ʔiʔiʔił, ʔilił) \ps v \ge exist.REDUP \de to exist.REDUP \cf ʔił \ce to exist \sd reduplications \dt 09/Jul/2018 \lx ʔilesya \ps n \ge church \de church \mr [] \xv 1. ušiqom lokašašʰunatš lyos kiloka santa ʔilesya kilokakiyuštʔeymu hesikiyiliklikʔe \xe 'keep the Commandments of the Law of God and of the holy Church and the obligations of our state.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd religion \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.447.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔilikʔe \hm 1 \a ʔilikʔè \ps n \ge way of living \de way of living \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ilikʔe (sit; stay; remain)>] \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \xv 1. naštəʔəʔə̀ tšišalaqwaʔay ʔišʔišʔilikʔè \xe 'at that time they were well-fixed in their way of living.' \sd lifecycle \lg TJPH \rf Roadrunner19/69.1087.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔilikʔe \hm 2 \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \sd variations \dt 11/Mar/2018 \lx ʔilikʔeneʔeš \ps n \ge buttocks \de buttocks \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ilikʔe (sit) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.390.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔilikʔenmu \ps n \ge chair \ge where one sits \de chair; where one sits \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ilikʔe (sit) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + –mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \sy kuyaməʔəš \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \sd common \sd places \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.390.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔilił \cf ʔiłʔił \ce to exist.REDUP \sd variations \dt 31/Jul/2018 \lx ʔimeymu \ph ˀimẽjmu \a ʔimey̓mu \va (ʔimey̓mu) \ps n \ge white mud \de white mud \ee A mixture of finely powdered clay and water used for cleansing the hair and scalp (Hudson & Blackburn 1985: 332 334). \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + imey (streak with) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf imey \ce to streak with \cf walu \ce mud \xv 1. hukʰin siʔimeymu \xe 'I am going to fetch white mud.' \sd elements \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 3.82.33.4, 94.394.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔina- \a ina- \va (ina-) \ps vpre \ge NEG.IMPV \de negative imperative verbal prefix \ee Glossed as NEG.IMPV. \xv 1. inaptaktə (Ϟor muptaktə) \xe 'stop hitting him!' (when one has already begun hitting). \xv 2. ʔinapoxotšit (Ϟor mupsuyaxotšit) \xe 'do not quarrel with me!' \xv 3. ʔinapsaqikʔikił, kwaqwaqšikušaš \xe 'do not disturb me, I am busy writing.' \xv 4. ʔinaptapi kaki ʔapʰməʔə ! \xe 'do not enter there lest you get drowned!' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd mood \sd voice \lg TJPH \rf 82.802.2; 90.292.3; 91.67.3; 93.108.2 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx ʔinfyełnu \ps n \ge Hell \de Hell \mr [] \xv 1. tsyamli losiʔinfyełnu \xe '[he] descended to Hell.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd religion \lg TJPH \rf 89.630.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔinyu \ps n \ge Indian \de Indian \mr [] \xv 1. tsʔip loʔkaʔinyu laʔkʰan ʔištap kaqunupmawà heʔimaʔam ʔispax siqas ʔan tsamaqʰtakʰwəyì loʔkaʔenhešaš \xe 'the Indian says that when sun enters a sanddollar there are souls born or new people born in the world.' \sd borrowings \sd people \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 70.66.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔip \rd ʔipʔip \a ip \a ipʰ \a ìpʰ \a ʔipʰ \va (ip) \ps v \ge tell \ge say \de to say; to tell \et *ʔipiʔ \ec Compare BOI ʼip ‘to speak; to say,’ CRZ ʼi ‘to speak; to say,’ INZ ʼip ‘to speak; to say,’ PUY ʼip ‘to speak; to say,’ OBI ʼipi ‘to speak; to say’ (Klar 1977: 109) \cf ʔaqnipaʔaš \ce taste \cf ʔiputš \ce to have said smth; to have ordered smth \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \cf alumu \ce to counsel \cf aqniʔip \ce to have the taste of \cf ašəw \ce to speak to; to speak with \xv 1. lokakʔamiwu ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'my friend told me.' \xv 2. nelupʔipus ? \xe 'what are you going to tell him?' \xv 3. ʔipus ʔałxuyuw nokakałʔip ! \xe 'tell him I said he is a liar!' \xv 4. kikasamʔipił miluk ʔełyepi \xe 'and they tell you to go by the cliffs.' \xv 5. kasʔipʰ, “kumeł sikałnetʰpi” \xe 'and she said, “I have such bad luck”.' \xv 6. mušaqtšum saʔalamʔipʰpi \xe 'he did not like what they said to him.' \xv 7. mušpošʰotš nełtsʔip \xe 'he does not know what he says.' \xv 8. mušipošʰotš nełtsiyʔip \xe 'they do not know what they say.' \xv 9. psuyaʔipuswu \xe 'you want to say to them.' \xv 10. lokaʔa ʔan tsʔip ʔa ʔa ʔa \xe 'the crow says a, etc.' \xv 11. kasʔipa, “tšeqʰlemlemš” \xe '…and he said, “beautiful and radiant one…” ' \xv 12. tskuʔum lokalʔamʔipuspi \xe 'the time arrived for that they had set.' \xv 13. kasʔip pakeʔet, “kiyiwałyam” \xe 'one said, “we have slid down.” ' \xv 14. tsiyʔipuswu lokaʔiyʔałʔalutʔawš \xe 'they said to the hunters.' \xv 15. kʔuwe kasʔip kaʔiti kasʔuwlilonmu \xe 'but he said they eat here.' \xv 16. kasʔip, “hə́ʔ xwetét kasikuy loʔkaqowòtš \xe 'he said, “oh, the cooked salmon was Frog’s.” ' \xv 17. kʔuwe kʔipus kišnaʔał lositsʔoho simitəpə \xe 'I told her to go around to the other door.' \xv 18. kikasʔipus pakeʔet lokasʔunù hešaʔałmiš \xe 'and he said to his grandsons regarding the crying one.' \xv 19. kʔipus lokaʔatʔaxatš kimuhušnikʔotiʔiy̥ ʔiti \xe 'I told him to never come back here anymore.' \xv 20. lokakšaʔay ʔan tskʔilitapli hemaʔam kikasʔipit \xe 'my daughter rushed in and said to me.' \xv 21. lokapistuk ʔan tšnowo heʔismitəpə ʔisʔap kikasʔip ə̨ \xe 'the squirrel stands at the mouth of his hole and says ə̨.' \xv 22. tsuxninikʔoyi lokaxʔanwa kikasʔipus lokaštałhəw \xe 'woman repented and said to her baby.' \xv 23. kikaqtiyepus lokaʔalipiwetš kaʔaxiyeʔep ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'I asked the drug clerk and he told me.' \xv 24. kikakasewsewus saʔališpiwetš šaʔałhaputš, ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'and I was talking with a butcher and he said to me.' \xv 25. kikasʔip lokanunašəš, “masəx tskumu ʔišup kihupalitkəyit” \xe 'he said, “I will wait for you 12 years.” ' \xv 26. kisʔip šəpəšiwàš, “hís nayisapipne ʔištəq saʔanaxpak soʔo” \xe 'and Coyote said, “Hiss! it goes off (burns) like a firecracker broken open in the middle of the stingy one with water.” ' \xv 27. tsamʔip ʔan latšə ʔisatʔamli kaypi kisamtənuš ʔanatʔamam \xe 'they say that it always likes to go in the canyon rivers and therefore they call him ͽʔanatʔamam' (raccoon). \xv 28. tsʔip heʔišpoš lahukaqpalamaywu kʔuwe mukiyušʰošitšəši \xe 'he thought he was smarter than we were but we did not say it.' \xv 29. tsʔip lokaqunup hesikum siʔałnunapala yitipakeʔes tskaʔaškom \xe 'the boy says that 500 Pala Indians are coming.' \xv 30. muwašəʔəʔətš lokalamʔipʰpi ʔan yəlaʔa lokatšotšonəʔəš ʔan tsiyəmə (Ϟor ʔiʔaləmə) \xe 'I don’t believe what they say about fishes being dumb.' \xv 31. tsʔip, “ʔaskúkù ʔałʔałkepkeʔep hekakʰkepmu?” kiwə munašištiyepušwaš hałtskumi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'he said, “Who is bathing in my pool?” For they had not told him of the arrival of the woman.' \xv 32. tsalumulit ʔan tsʔipit kʰan pqisənwu hałʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš ʔan mupwatinowo ʔapitaq hałʔiyʔałʔipʔipʰpi \xe 'my grandmother counseled me not to suddenly stand by a bunch of men to listen what they are talking about.' \xv 33. tsʔipus, “kʰokó!” ʔalištaxan̓ kihukʰsunapaiyił kihupʰnaʔali maʔam, kihupʰnaʔali maʔam \xe 'he said, “my father! have spirit! I will take you from here, you are going to the house.” ' \xv 34. kisʔipus pnaʔał Mitsqanaqan pʰkuʔum loʔkʔapʰ \xe 'he said to him, “go to Ventura and arrive at my house.” ' \xv 35. kikasʔip, "no ʔan kʔałkilamu, kəwə šwalaməš hesiksəpmu, mukpošʰotš nisʰuyuwahanit” \xe 'when she said, “I am crazy, for this load is heavy, I do not know that this little one cares for me so much.” ' \xv 36. naštəʔəʔə tšʔanutš lokaxəp, naštəʔəʔə tsamqisə. kʔuwe samʔip ʔan mušaqša lokaqunup kʔuwe šeqwełtšəši sipistuk \xe 'the rock is still blood-stained, it can still be seen. and they say that the child did not die but was turned into a ground-squirrel.' \xv 37. tsʔip loʔkaʔinyu laʔkʰan ʔištap kaqunupmawà heʔimaʔam ʔispax siqas ʔan tsamaqʰtakʰwəyì loʔkaʔenhešaš \xe 'the Indian says that when sun enters sanddollar there are souls born or new people born in the world .' \xv 38. laʔkʰan ʔiskumił loʔkatštəə̀niwaš kaʔałtšošoy kiseqʰmelewìł, ʔałʔip kakixilikšaši! \xe 'when a black dog comes to lap you, it means, take care!' \xv 39. tsʔipus lokašʰatiwə, “mupʔałxuxa, kanawa huskumi ʔan pʔipus, ‘hukiwišił,’ ipus ‘munakalaqwaʔay,’ kihustapi” \xe 'his wife said to him, "don’t be a coward, when he arrives tell him, ‘I will go along with you,’ tell him, ‘I am not yet ready,’ ask him to come inside.' " \xv 40. lokakatu ʔan tšuliʔiš səʔəqəy ʔan tsʰupex kikanawa sʰukitwonwu lokaštałtałhəʔəw kikanawa siyʔaləhəy kikasiyiwon, ʔan tsiyʔip kikirimiyaaw \xe 'the cat got a chicken and made her pregnant and when she gave birth to her young ones and they grew up and sang they sang kikirimiyaw.' \xv 41. kašištšohó, ki kašišqišətšàš kikasʔip pakeʔet “punaqmiłwaʔašù” “hi hi kaʔ nó kaki. sikałnaʔał laʔkakayuqišqišətšàš” \xe 'they finished, they looked at each other and one said, “you got up early to get water, [did you not]?” “yes yes, I did as well. I am going thither, until we see each other again” [i.e., ‘goodbye’].' \xv 42. tsʔił tsiku sałʔip sikawayu saʔałxupani ʔan ʔisułkuw ʔan musxupani, kʔuwe no ʔan mukšuwašətš kəwə tskokoyalit saʔałxupani sikawayu kʰen tsmaxuyułkuw \xe 'people say that a wild horse is gentler at night, but I don’t believe it for a bronco horse once reared up with me in the dark.' \xv 43. hesikuhkuʔu ʔan tšiyoxonišpi sitaxama kəwə tšuxš ʔišoxšoł. naštəʔəʔə tšitowš kisʔip, "pakeʔet tsyət sitaxama," kikalasiyalinowo \xe 'the Indians feared the skunk for its urine stinks. when they were fighting some one would say, "there comes the skunk," and they just stood.' \xv 44. ʔip lokapatskaw ! \xe 'confess your sins!' \xv 45. kʔip yəlaʔa lokatskaw \xe 'I confessed all my sins.' \xv 46. nipʔipwaš dios ʔan kumeliwaš \xe 'did you use the Lord’s name in vain?' (Harrington’s translation: 'you have said it bad?'). \xv 47. mupʔip lakaštə liyos simunalupʔuwe ! \xe 'do not say the name of the Lord in vain!' \xv 48. ʔipit, ʔaliwə, ʔipštewe lyos ? \xe 'tell me, brother, how many God’s are there?' \xv 49. mupʔip hałmuwašəʔəʔətš ! \xe 'tell no falsehood!' \xv 50. mupʔip hałmuwašəʔəʔətš kimupxuyuw ! \xe 'do not give false testimony nor lie!' \sd common \sd verbs \sd language \lg TJPH \rf 89.291.1, 91.658.4; Bad2; Coyo24 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔipapʔa \ps v \ge slap \de to slap \xv 1. hukʔipapʔa hesikʔəł kihuseqenit hesikʔolotəš \xe 'I am going to slap my leg to remove the numbness.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.485.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔipeyuw \ps v \ge cold, be \de to be cold (said of the weather/temperature outside) \cf ʔipey̓ \ce cold; coldness \cf aqtaha \ce to be cold (said of something that was previously warm) \cf oxto \ce to feel cold; to be cold (said of a person) \xv 1. tsʔipeyuw \xe 'it is cold weather.' \xv 2. tsʔipeyuw mitəpə \xe 'it is cold out of doors.' \sd meteorology \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.87.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔipey̓ \ps n \ge cold \ge coldness \de cold; coldness \cf ʔipeyuw \ce to be cold (said of the weather/temperature outside) \xv 1. koxto, tštapi siʔipey̓ \xe 'I feel cold ; the cold enters me.' \sd senses \sd nature \sd meteorology \lg TJPH \rf 90.298.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔipštewe \a ipštewe \va (ipštewe) \ps vimp \ge be so many \ge many, be so \de to be so many \ee This particle seems to be both interrogative and temporal in nature, inquiring about the number of times or how often something happened. \xv 1. ʔipštewe łʔišaw̓ \xe 'how many days?' \xv 2. ʔipštewe łʔułkuw \xe 'how many nights?' \xv 3. ʔipštewe špełwe \xe 'how many nights did he sleep here or there? \xv 4. ʔipštewe hałtšup (Ϟor łtšup) \xe 'how many years?' \xv 5. ʔipštewe hałʔawhay̓ (Ϟor łʔawhay̓) \xe 'how many months?' \xv 6. nayi kaipštewe ʔišup ʔišwelexš \xe 'some years ago.' \xv 7. laʔipštewe saʔatʔaxtʔaxatš \xe 'a few men.' \sd vimpersonals \sd pronouns \sd chronometry \lg TJPH \rf 91.26.2; Coyo1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔiputš \ps v \ge ordered smth, have \ge said smth, have \de to have said smth; to have ordered smth \mr [<ʔip (say; tell) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \xv 1. xeléx kašʔipùtš \xe 'Falcon ordered it.' \xv 2. lunes kuhuskumli lokakišʔiputš \xe 'Monday is the coming day of which we two spoke.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Travels115 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔipʔip \a ipʔip \va (ipʔip) \ps v \ge say.REDUP \ge tell.REDUP \de to say.REDUP; to tell.REDUP \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \sd reduplications \dt 28/Apr/2011 \lx ʔiqip \ps n \ge door \de door \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + i-2 (ϡtr.iϡ) + qip (filling action; closing off action)>] \ee While ͽmitəpə was the preferred term for ‘door,’ it was deemed less ‘correct’ than ͽʔiqip by Harrington’s consultant. \sy mitəpə \cf iqip \ce to fill; to be full \xv 1. hukušqʰał hesimitəpə \xe 'I am going to open the door.' \sd tools \sd household \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.463.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiqmay \ps n \ge cover \de cover \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iqmay (cover with the purpose of closing)>] \cf iqmay \ce to cover (with the intent of closing off access to) \xv 1. hesikʔiqmay \xe 'my pot lid.' \sd tools \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.140.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiqom \cf ʔiqʔom \ce to be doubled up; to be folded \sd variations \dt 08/May/2011 \lx ʔiqʔom \a ʔiqom \va (ʔiqom) \ps v \ge doubled up, be \ge folded, be \de to be doubled up; to be folded \mr [<ʔ- (?ϡepthϡ) + i-2 (ϡtr.iϡ) + qʔom (be doubled up)>] \cf qʔom \ce to be doubled up \cf siqʔom \ce to fold so as to bend back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔom \ce to double smth back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔoməš \ce smth bent back on itself \xv 1. tsʔiqom \xe 'it is doubled back on itself.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd routine \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.549.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔisał \ps n \ge stew \de stew \cf ʔišałtš \ce to stew smth; to be stewed \xv 1. neʔešipšəł lokakʔisał \xe 'I am going to make my stew.' \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.606.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔismo \a ʔismon- \va (ʔismon-) \ps v \ge take together in a group \de to take together in a group \cf ʔišmotš \ce I. gathering; meeting II. to gather; to unite \cf iwiʔišmotš \ce to gather incidentally (or suddenly?) \cf tatʔismo \ce to take hold of in a group \xv 1. yəlaʔa loʔkakwis ʔan kʔismonwu kiksinaywu sałmusʔił lułniselqé \xe 'I put all the hilos in a pile and place them where nobody will disturb them.' \sd verbs \lg JPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔispe \a ispe \va (ispe) \ps n \ge semen \de semen \cf ʔalispe \ce to have dried semen \sd body \lg JPH \rf 69.517.1; 82.809.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔišʔišaʔaw \ps n \ge sun.REDUP \ge day.REDUP \de sun.REDUP; day.REDUP \cf ʔišaw \ce sun; day \sd reduplications \dt 30/Oct/2011 \lx ʔišʔon̓ \ps n \ge twin(s) \de twin(s) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iš- (ϡduϡ) + ʔon̓ ()>] \cf matʔišʔon̓ \ce to give birth to twins \xv 1. ʔišʔišʔòn̓ \xe 'two twins.' \sd people \sd kinship \lg JPH \rf 69.15.1; 91.67.1 \dt 11/Feb/2018 \lx ʔišaʔaw \cf ʔišaw \ce sun; day \sd variations \dt 30/Oct/2011 \lx ʔišałtš \ps v \ge stew smth \ge stewed, be \de to stew smth; to be stewed \mr [<ʔisal (stew) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔisał \ce stew \xv 1. hukʔišałtš \xe 'I am going to stew (smth).' \xv 2. neʔešʔišałtš \xe 'it is stewed.' \sd food \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.606.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔišaw \a iʔšàw̓ \a ʔišaʔaw \rd ʔišʔišaʔaw \va (ʔišaʔaw) \ps n \ge sun \ge day \de sun; day \ee The sun was the chief god. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + išaw (be warm; to be warm; be tolerably hot)>] \et ɕ \ec Compare PUY š̓išow ‘live coals’ (Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \xv 1. lanupaʔaʔan tsmeleweʔe šiʔišaw kikasapətli ʔiswenmu \xe 'as soon as the sun sets it goes to roost.' \xv 2. tsixwapit šiʔišaw \xe 'I got sunburnt.' \xv 3. tsʔapʰa šiʔišaw \xe 'the sun has a ring around it' (lit., ‘the sun is building his house’). \xv 4. kaʔaškom̓ šiʔišaw tsuwʔuwliloʔo kahe tsaqaqmiʔił soʔoxšoləš latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw \xe 'for ten days she kept feasting and drinking urine every day.' \xv 5. masəx šiʔišaw̓ \xe 'three bodies' (there were three bodies that were sacred: earth, air, and water). \sd meteorology \sd astronomy \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 89.318.3; Glutton82 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiškomlaʔa \ps num \ge both of smth \de both of smth \mr [<ʔiškom̓ (two) + -laʔa (ϡlocϡ)>] \cf ʔiškom̓ \ce two \xv 1. neʔestaniməkəʔə kinelašapuliʔiš lokaštałhəw heʔiškomlaʔa ʔišʔəł \xe 'when she had not gone any great distance she suddenly seized the child by its legs and swung it against (a rock).' \xv 2. lokasqawqawawaʔa ʔiškomlaʔa ʔan kałxoyoyonəšpi (Ϟor kašxoyoyontštəʔəš) \xe 'he flies with his two wings.' \sd numbers \lg TJPH \rf Glutton105-107 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiškom̓ \ps num \ge two \de two \et *eSkom̓ \ec Compare BOI ʼiškom̓ ‘two,’ CRZ ʼiščom ‘two,’ INZ ʼiškom̓ ‘two,’ OBI ʼestʸuʼ ‘two,’ PUY ʼiškom̓ ‘two’ (Klar 1977: 120) \cf ʔiškomlaʔa \ce both of smth \cf kaʔaškom̓ \ce ten \cf kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \ce fourteen \cf šuxułtiʔiškom̓ \ce to put around two times; to fold into two layers \cf yətiʔiškom̓ \ce six \sd numbers \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.16 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔišmaxəʔəš \ps n \ge sling \de sling \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 137 139). \cf išmax \ce to throw at \sd hunting \sd tools \lg H&B 1982: 137-139 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔišmekʔew̓ \ps n \ge eyebrow \de eyebrow \et ɕ \ec Compare CRZ ʼišmekʼew ‘eyebrow’ (Beeler & Klar 1977: 88) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iš- (ϡduϡ) + mekʔew̓ ()>] \xv 1. neʔešqaqš kahe neʔemusʔił hałtšʔišmekʔew̓ \xe 'she was already bald and she no longer had any eyebrows .' \sd anatomy \lg TJPH \rf Glutton87 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔišmotš \a išmotš \mr [<ʔismo (take together in a group) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf aputiʔišmotš \ce to run together in a narrow (as is said of water) \cf ʔismo \ce to take together in a group \cf iwiʔišmotš \ce to gather incidentally (or suddenly?) \se I \ps n \ge gathering \ge meeting \de gathering; meeting \xv 1. lokašiyišmotš \xe 'a joining/meeting of men.' \se II \ps v \ge gather \ge unite \de to gather; to unite \xv 1. hušiyišmotš lokaʔenhešeš lokasiʔamamə, kihusiyitpeni kikamuhušiyaqšaniʔi \xe 'their bodies and souls will unite and they will revive never to die again.' \xv 2. kanawa sapitsʔə lokaxʔanwa kaʔalaxəwəł ʔan tsuniyəwwu kinelašiʔišmotš saʔalaxəwəł, kʰantšnehet lokaštəʔəniwaš \xe 'when the she-coyote is in heat she goes hunting male coyotes and then they come together, they are like the dogs.' \xv 3. yəlaʔa he kałmušiyaqtšum siyʔiyʔałnuna kukamoŋa kikašiyišmotš šipakpakəwaš kikasitipeqenpi lokašiyišmotš lokašukšukepeʔeš kaʔałʔišuwašətš \xe 'the congregation of the faithful Christians.' \xv 4. tšiʔišmòtš səʔəqəy sixenti \xe 'a flock of quail.' \sd verbs \sd culture \lg TJPH \rf 89.75.4, 333.3; 91.54.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔišnuna \ps n \ge cousin \de any of a number of first cousins and first cousins once removed; relative by blood \ee Johnson notes that this term applies to mother’s brother’s son (cousin), father’s sister’s son (cousin), father’s sister’s daughter (cousin), mother’s brother’s son’s son (first cousin once removed), father’s sister’s son’s son (first cousin once removed), father’s sister’s dauther’s son (first cousin once removed) (Johnson 1988: 185 186). Though not recorded, based on the paradigm, it seems likely that this term also would refer to mother’s brother’s daughter and mother’s brother’s dauther’s son. Speaker: Fernando Librado. \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH; Johnson \rf 72.211.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔišoyəšaqsik \ps n \ge feathers of feathered stick \de feathers of feathered stick \ee This stick was renewed every year on the third day of the winter solstice ceremony by one of the ’antap. The whole stick was not called this but merely the feathers. When the man planted the stick it was a secret – he had previously made the earth beneath it fine as meal. Fernando was asked if each rancheria had a single stick, or more. He answered that if there were two chiefs, they had two sticks, if one chief, one. \sd religion \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 69.629 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔišuš \ps n \ge pubic hair \de pubic hair \ee This noun must be possessed (i.e., it must have a personal pronominal prefix). Therefore, the form is often seen as tšʔišuš. However, ʔišuš is the stem. \cf ʔałʔišuš \ce person with much pubic hair \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \cf ʔepš \ce hair (head) \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \xv 1. hesikʔišuš \xe 'pubic hair.' \xv 2. tšʔišuš \xe 'pubic hair of man or woman.' \xv 3. losixʔanwa ʔan ʔəhə ʔišʔišuš \xe 'this woman has much pubic hair.' \xv 4. ʔałtipʔišuš \xe 'person with much pubic hair.' \xv 5. pi ʔan pʔałʔišuš \xe 'where do you [pubic hair] go?' (Harrington notes that was said to a man as something vulgar). \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.254.4; 91.37.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔitat \ps n \ge cactus \de cactus \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼitat ‘cholla cactus,’ INZ ʼitat, ‘cactus (possibly generic term or species term)’ (Whistler 1980: 11; SYBCI 2007: 155) \ee It is unclear if this word refers to a specific species or cacti in general. \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 81.59.2; Heizer 1952: 54 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔiti \a ʔitì \ps dem \ge here \de here \ee This word indicates proximity to the speaker, the proximity may stand in contrast to something else, e.g., ‘here on earth’ in contrast to ‘in Heaven.’ Glossed as DET.PROX. \cf -it \ce first person singular object verbal suffix \cf kumiti \ce to arrive here \cf -tiʔiy \ce cislocative verbal suffix \xv 1. ʔitimotʔo \xe 'here on the side where I am.' \xv 2. ʔitisuʔutʔam \xe 'here in the river.' \xv 3. ʔiti sapiwił \xe 'the fire is burning here.' \xv 4. kaʔiti kakaqʰay \xe 'I stay or live here' (very old words). \xv 5. kaʔiti kapaqʰay \xe 'you live here.' \xv 6. pi ʔan muʔiti kapʔałnuna \xe 'you are not a native of here.' \xv 7. muʔiti kayʔiʔałnuna \xe 'they are not from here.' \xv 8. ʔiti hukalutikuy \xe 'I am going to look in this direction.' \xv 9. hukapəti ʔiti šup \xe 'I am going to climb this hill.' (in the brook). \xv 10. ka ʔiwexšmu ʔiti \xe 'this is where they pound things.' \xv 11. ʔiti ʔan tsaxtawaya \xe 'here it is cool.' \xv 12. hukapət ʔiti simesa \xe 'I am going to get on top of the table and stand upon it.' \xv 13. tšaqšani, ʔiti ʔišup \xe 'the world has ended.' \xv 14. tsple ʔitiʔišup tsməʔə \xe 'the world terminated in water' (literally, drowned). \xv 15. tspilitapi soʔo ʔiti maʔam \xe 'water has run in from outdoors.' \xv 16. ʔiti ʔan tšyəwəšwaš \xe 'there used to be a deep place here' \xv 17. ʔiti ʔan mušyəwəš lokoʔo \xe 'here the water is shallow.' \xv 18. ʔiti ʔan tsʔił siya simitʔi \xe 'here there is a small rockrose.' \xv 19. ʔiti ʔan wašətš ʔitaštaʔaš \xe 'there is good pasture/grass here.' \xv 20. tšiqipš ʔiti ʔi šup sihkuhkuʔu \xe 'this world is full of people.' \xv 21. pxiłxiliʔik ʔitimaʔam (hesaʔap) \xe 'take care of things here (at the house).' \xv 22. tšʔutʔamunwaš ʔiti suʔutʔam \xe 'here in the river there was a big flood.' \xv 23. hukikšił hesixəp ʔiti \xe 'I am going to give thee this stone.' \xv 24. lokaxəp ʔan ʔiti sikmət kasʔił \xe 'the rock is behind me' (said by man sitting). \xv 25. yəlaʔa hesiku saʔaliyilikʔe ʔiti ʔišup \xe 'everyone in the world.' \xv 26. lokaʔaleqwał ʔalałpay kaʔitimišup \xe 'Creator of Heaven and Earth.' \xv 27. ʔalałpay kamišup kayəlaʔa ʔitiʔišup \xe 'in Heaven and in earth and everywhere.' \xv 28. lokaʔatʔaxatš kimuhušnikʔotiʔiy ʔiti \xe 'I told him to never come back here any more.' \xv 29. laʔiti kasinałnaʔał sałkaneʔeʔe hesimuwu \xe 'they stay right here on the coast.' \xv 30. hukawəy hešaʔałhaputš ʔiti ʔišpeqʔenutš \xe 'I am going to roast the meat here on top of the coals.' \xv 31. huksinuyus ʔiti kinupan hukʔełtse \xe 'I put it on it here and then I am going to wrap it up.' \xv 32. ikšit lositsʔohoy hesałʔiti sutiyəʔət \xe 'give me the box that is on this side.' \xv 33. huksuwaya hesaʔaxwi ʔiti ʔi šluqay \xe 'I am going to hang this clothing on the fork.' \xv 34. mupkitwoʔo hemitəpə lapiliklikʔe ʔitimaʔam \xe 'don’t go out doors, stay in here' (said to child). \xv 35. kʔuwe kasʔip kaʔiti kasʔuwlilonmu \xe 'but he said they eat here.' \xv 36. huksinay ʔiti kuhukełtse kuhukašiqom \xe 'I am going to put it here, wrap it up and keep it.' \xv 37. neʔesʔəhə ʔišup sikilikʔe ʔitiʔišup, kʔuwe kayukaqša \xe 'I have lived many years in the world but now I am going to die.' \xv 38. mukasiyʔap ʔiti tsiyət tsinawa šastəwəkš šitaštaʔaš \xe 'they (the wild geese) do not live here all the time, they come in the time when the grass is green.' \xv 39. sipakpakəwaʔaš ʔan mušiyaqtšum lositapi sipałpaliʔi ʔiti, ʔan musʔił husinetus \xe 'there were some old men who did not like the priests coming here, but what could they do?' \xv 40. ʔiti ʔan tsʔił tsihaw kaloʔisqiłmes ʔan tsʔił sihaw ʔan mukašnehet hesiʔiʔałnuna ʔiti \xe 'there is one kind of fox here and another smaller kind on the islands.' \xv 41. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan huki ʔałhinhin ʔiti, kałwašətš sukiywałtə kihušnaʔał? \xe 'what is this man doing around here?' \xv 42. hesiyʔiyʔałnuna ʔiti ʔan musiyʔuw hałtuq, kilokaʔiyʔałnuna sonora ʔan tsiyawəy kisiyʔuw \xe 'the Indians here didn’t eat grasshoppers but the natives of Sonora roasted grasshoppers and ate them.' \xv 43. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \xv 44. ʔiti ʔan mušpelonušaš kəwə mitʔi šipułhewu; kilatšə ʔišupšuʔup kišnaʔał muntana, məʔək lošaʔałtəhətš muntana, kanawa skitwo ʔiti ʔan laswatwatipelonušaš kilakałkumli (Ϟor kinelaskumli) montana, kanawa husimokʔotʔiy ʔan sesanta pesus ʔipiʔiw \xe 'here he does not shear because there are few sheep; he is always going to Montana, it is far that place called Montana; when he starts out here he shears his way there little by little and reaches Montana and when he returns it costs him $60.00.' \xv 45. mukayiti kaʔałnuna \xe 'it is not a native of here.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg TJPH \rf 89.280.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ʔitow \ps n \ge smoke \de smoke \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + itow (be smoke)>] \et ɕ \ec Compare PUY toʼw̥ ‘smoke’ (Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \cf itow \ce to be smoke \cf mištəq \ce smokehole \xv 1. tsapiyi loʔišup ʔəhə siyʔitow \xe 'there is a fire in the mountains, a lot of smoke is rising.' \sd heat \sd elements \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.330.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔitʔepeš \et *ʔepV- \ec Compare BOI ʼilep- ‘make cia mush,’ INZ ʼil̓epeš ‘make cia mush,’ OBI łʼipɨ ‘make cia mush,’ PUY ləpəšə̥ ‘chia’ (Klar 1977: 75-76; Harrington 1986: 3.6.172) \se I \ps n \ge chia \de chia \xv 1. siʔixpanəš siʔitʔepeš \xe 'acorns for chia.' \xv 2. hukšatinaʔał siʔitʔepeš \xe 'I am going to harvest chia.' \se II \ge snake, garter \ge garter snake \de garter snake \xv 1. ʔitʔepeš heʔsoʔò \xe 'garter snake' (lit., 'water chia,' so called because of the snake's dull lead color). \xv 2. latšə sikqisə heʔismaʔam lokakʔuxmałhinaʔaš siʔitʔepeš \xe 'I continually see a snake under my washboard.' \sd food \sd plants \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 81.59.4; 93.355.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔitškuhu \ps v \ge defend smn \ge help smn fight \ge fight, help smn \de to defend smn; to help smn fight \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼičkʼiʼ ‘breechcloth,’ and PUY išk̓ə’ə̥ ‘g-string; loincloth’ (Whistler 1980: 9; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + its- (ϡassocϡ) + kuh (person; human) + -V (ϡvzϡ)>] \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.265.3; 92.886.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔitškʔə \ps n \ge loincloth \ge g-string \de loincloth; g-string \ee These were commonly worn by the Ventureño, especially before the arrival of the Spanish. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼičkʼiʼ ‘breechcloth’ (Whistler 1980: 9) \sy tapalawa \xv 1. tswayanli ʔišʔitškʔə \xe 'his g-string is flying in the wind as he runs.' \sd clothes \sd culture \lg TJPH \rf 93.353.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔiwexeš \ps n \ge crushed, smth \ge smth crushed \de smth crushed \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iwex (pound up) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf iwex \ce to pound up \xv 1. ʔiwexeš \xe 'it is crushed.' \xv 2. ʔiwexeš ʔi mays \xe 'ground corn' (pounded in a mortar). \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.19. 612.2-613.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiwexšmu \ps n \ge place where smth is pounded \de place where smth is pounded \ee This could be said of a bedrock mortar. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iwex (pound up) + -š (ϡipfvϡ) + –mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf iwex \ce to pound up \xv 1. lokaʔiwexšmu \xe 'place of pounding.' \xv 2. ka ʔiwexšmu ʔiti \xe 'this is where they pound.' \sd places \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.390.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiweyaqen̓i \ps n \ge February \ge month when willow catkin cotton is flying \de month when willow catkin cotton is flying; February \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.40.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiwə \a ʔiʔwə \a iʔwə \a ʔiw̓ə \a ʔiwə̀ \a iwə̀ \va (ʔiʔwə, iʔwə) \ps n \ge countryman \ge comrade \ge fellow traveler \de countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \gn compañero \dn compañero \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iwə (related to relationships)>] \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \cf qatʔiwəš \ce to lay together side by side; to fasten together side by side \cf suyašatiwənitš \ce to want to be married \cf šatiwə \ce spouse \cf šatiwənitš \ce to be married \xv 1. hesikʔiwə \xe 'my comrad.' \xv 2. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan latšə ʔišnisuqonwu lokasʔiwənwu \xe 'this man always makes his comrads laugh.' \sd people \sd kinship \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.102, 223.1, 613.4; Trip to Coyo Line18 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔiwontštəʔəš \ps n \ge sound \de sound \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iwon (sound) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ) + ?-t () + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf iwon \ce to sound; to make chirping noises; to groan; to bray; to crow; to moo; to howl; to croak; to sing (said of birds) \xv 1. lokašiwontštəʔəš \xe 'what they always use to sound.' \xv 2. lokašiwontštəʔəš kaʔanatʔamam ʔan tseqpeyus lokasaxaxskʔəy kapon̓, tsuweqpeyus šaʔałmiš \xe 'the racoon’s sound resembles the squeaking of a tree, resembles crying.' \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.624.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔixpanəš \ps n \ge acorn \de acorn \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼixpaniš ‘acorn’ (Whistler 1980:12) \ee This likely refers to acorns from the ͽkuw̓ ‘coast live oak.’ These acorns were the best and made a sweet mush. Acorns from the ͽta ‘valley oak’ were said to be bitter. \cf axlupʔetš \ce to eat acorn mush with the fingers \xv 1. hukʰiʔin ʔixpanəš \xe 'I am going acorn-harvesting.' \xv 2. ki pi, muhupiwišitu, kišʰinʔin siʔixpanəš \xe 'and you, do you now want to go with me? we two will go acorning.' \xv 3. munaməʔək ʔištapinwaš kiskuʔum lokaštete ʔalaktik šiʔixpanəš \xe 'her mother came shortly to fetch some acorns.' \xv 4. no ʔan kotoyi heʔismaʔam sikuw̓ ʔan nelasapiyampiyit šiyʔixpanəš hesiktəq \xe 'I slept under an oak tree and an acorn fell down and hit me on the face.' \xv 5. latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw tsisaxyikuʔus sułʔuw, latšə ʔisiliklikʔe maʔam lokasinaymu kaʔixpanəš \xe 'every day they gave her food, she remaining continually inside the acorn grainary.' \sd food \sd plants \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 81.59.4; 89.139.1, 325.4, 382.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔixša \a ʔixšà \ps n \ge ash \de ash \ee Note that this also refers to the ashen form of burnt charcoal. \et *qSa \ec Compare CRZ iqša ‘ashes,’ OBI t/c-qsanu ‘ashes’ (Klar 1977: 66) \cf tšʔišow \ce charcoal; carbon \xv 1. kasapixe kilaʔixšà sałʔuniʔlì \xe 'it burnt out and only ashes remained.' \sd elements \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.411.2; Travels80 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔixtə \ps n \ge roof \de roof \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼixtíšʼ ‘roof; ?sunshade,’ INZ ʼixtɨʼš ‘roof; ceiling,’ PUY ʼix̂təš ‘roof’ (Whistler 1980: 12; SYBCI 2007: 161; Harrington 1986: 3.6.1649.1) \xv 1. tsʔixtə \xe '[its] roof.' \xv 2. heʔisʔixtə hesikʔap \xe 'the roof of my house.' \xv 3. heʔisʔixtə ʔan tštatax \xe 'this roof is with a gable thus.' \sd household \lg JPH \rf 91.118.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔixweteqpeyeš \ps n \ge imitation \de imitation \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ?ix- () + ?wa- () + teq- (ϡinstrϡ.attaching) + pey (spread on)>] \cf ixweteqpeyus \ce to imitate \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \xv 1. lokaʔixweteqpeyeš \xe 'the imitation, a thing made or looking just like another thing.' \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 3.82.36.4 \dt 11/Nov/2018 \lx ʔo \a ʔò \a ʔó \ps n \ge water \de water \ee Commonly seen as soʔo. \et *ʔoʔ \ec Compare BOI ʼoʼ ‘water,’ INZ ʼoʼ ‘water,’ OBI(t)o ‘water,’ PUY aho ‘water’ (Klar 1977: 82) \mr [<ʔoʔ>] \cf ʔoʔotš \ce to be wet; to be green (said of wood) \cf šoʔoʔotš \ce to soak smth (in water) \xv 1. tsapitsʔə hesoʔo \xe 'this water is hot.' \xv 2. huksinay soʔo hesinə kuhusapitsʔə \xe 'I put some water on the fire so it will get hot.' \xv 3. ʔališaw koʔo (Ϟor lokaʔališaw koʔo) \xe 'hot springs, as up by Nordhof.' \xv 4. saʔalapitsʔə soʔo \xe 'the hot water' (as when we have hot water on table here). \xv 5. tšitʔeqš lokoʔo \xe 'the water is spread as in a shallow river.' \xv 6. tšaputiʔišmotš \xe 'the water flows together narrow.' \xv 7. kʰe soʔo \xe 'here is water' (as when offering water). \xv 8. tsipyototo saʔališaw soʔo \xe 'the hot spring is boiling.' \xv 9. tsʔilu soʔo losimaha \xe 'is there water there in the canyon?' \xv 10. huksapitsə soʔo \xe 'I am going to heat some water.' \xv 11. neł tsʔił ʔo \xe 'where is there any water?' \xv 12. no ʔan kʔo \xe 'I am water.' \xv 13. lokaškašmu loʔo \xe 'where the water stands.' \xv 14. soʔo \xe 'water.' \xv 15. lokasʔo kakuw̓ \xe 'oak sap.' \sd geology \sd elements \sd water \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.18; 89.18; 90.257.1-259.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoʔotš \ps v \ge wet, be \ge green, be (said of wood) \de to be wet; to be green (said of wood) \mr [<ʔoʔ (water) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔo \ce water \cf qiłtsə \ce to be drenched through (only said of a person) \cf šoʔoʔotš \ce to soak smth (in water) \xv 1. neʔekʔoʔotš \xe 'I am wet.' \xv 2. neʔešʔoʔotš yəlaʔa hešitaštaštaʔaš \xe 'all the plants are wet' (with rain). \xv 3. tšiyuštšʔəmətšəši lokaʔałʔoʔotš kaqas \xe 'it buries itself in the wet sand.' \xv 4. no ʔan kʔoʔotš \xe 'I am green' (said by a tree). \xv 5. ʔiškom̓ sipon̓ siyʔišʔaloʔotš \xe 'two green sticks.' \xv 6. masəx sipon̓ siyʔiyʔaloʔotš \xe 'three green sticks.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.279.4-280.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔohʔohoʔok \ps n \ge cradlehood.REDUP \de cradlehood.REDUP \cf ʔohok \ce cradlehood \sd reduplications \dt 09/May/2011 \lx ʔohok \rd ʔohʔohoʔok \ps n \ge cradlehood \de cradlehood \xv 1. hesikʔohok \xe 'my cradlehood.' \xv 2. tsʔohokʔ i ʔutinay̓ \xe 'cradlehood.' \xv 3. sisʔohok siʔutinay \xe 'hood of cradle.' \sd material \sd kinship \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 90.260.4 \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔołʔoloʔo \ps n \ge mines \de mines \mr [<ʔolo (money.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf ʔolo \ce money \xv 1. tšnałwaʔaš losoʔołʔoloʔo kiʔəhə soʔolo sałnikʰət \xe '[Luis Francisco] had gone to the mines and brought back lots of money.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd places \sd geography \lg TJPH \rf 90.191.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔołno \ps n \ge oven \de oven \mr [] \xv 1. huksutapi hesoʔołno \xe 'I am going to put the bread into the oven.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \sd food \lg TJPH \rf 90.672.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔolo \rd ʔołʔoloʔo \ps n \ge money \de money \mr [] \cf ʔołʔoloʔo \ce mines \xv 1. tšnałwaʔaš losoʔołʔoloʔo kiʔəhə soʔolo sałnikʰət \xe '(Luis Francisco) had gone to the mines and brought back lots of money.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd economics \lg TJPH \rf 90.191.4, 275.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔolołkʔoy \ps n \ge porpoise \de porpoise \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼalolkʼoy ‘porpoise,’ CRZ ʼololkʼoy ‘porpoise,’ INZ ʼalolkʼoy ‘porpoise’ (Whistler 1980: 70; Harrington 1986: 3.71.855.2; SYBCI 2007: 47) \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + kʔoy (turn)>] \xv 1. ʔitsaqiwəwə̀ ʔan tsapətì kisutoqʔòp \xe 'when it swims it emerges and dives.' \xv 2. loʔkaʔolołkʔòy ʔan tsoxkonono kašnehet loʔkakutšinù \xe 'the porpoise grunts like a pig.' \xv 3. loʔkaʔolołkʔòy ʔan ʔałtšošoy kʔùwe tsʔałxilì \xe 'the porpoise is black and fat.' \xv 4. laʔkʰan ʔi tsaqiwəwə ʔan tsapətì kinupan tsutoqʔopʰ kikašnaʔał tsʰwotołkʔoy heʔišup \xe 'all the time it swims and emerges and dives and goes along and it goes around the world.' \xv 5. loʔkaʔołołkʔoy ʔan tsʰwotołkʔoy heʔišup husqisə hukiłtsaqutikatʰ, laʔkʰan simusʔił tsaqutikatʰ ʔan tskumì lokašnunawùtš \xe 'the porpoise goes around the world to see what will hinder it, and when there is no obstacle or nothing the matter it comes back to where it started from.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.851.2-857.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔolotəš \ps v \ge numb, be \de to be numb \gn entumecido, tenir \gn tenir entumecido \dn tenir entumecido \xv 1. kʔolotəš hesikpu \xe 'my arm is numb.' \xv 2. kʔolotəš hesikʔəł \xe 'my leg has gone to sleep.' \xv 3. hukʔipapʔa hesikʔəł kihuseqenit hesikʔolotəš \xe 'I am going to slap my leg to remove my numbness.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 90.276.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔolototš \rd ʔołʔolotoʔotš \ps n \ge quiver \de quiver \gn carcaje \dn carcaje \mr [<ʔolototšʔ>] \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼolotʼoč ‘quiver,’ CRZ olotoč ‘quiver,’ INZ ʼolotočʼ ‘quiver,’ PUY ’olotots̓o̥ ‘quiver’ (Whistler 1980: 21; Beeler & Klar 1977: 112; SYBCI 2007: 256; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔolototšʔiwaš \pde quiver.DEPR \cf ʔolototšʔiwaš \ce old quiver \xv 1. ʔolototšʔiwaš \xe 'useless quiver ; old quiver.' \xv 2. hukwatšʔiw hesiʔolototšʔiwaš \xe 'I am going to throw this old quiver away.' \xv 3. keqʰwelus ʔi simanwaya loʔkaʔolototš, kuspayuswu kinupan kʰsinowonwi, kʰeʔenla kustsʔəmənwu, kʰeʔenla kʰin sitsʔohoy sipon̓ kikʰwisəx \xe 'I make a support for the quiver, I dig the hole then I erect them, then I put the dirt in around, then I take another stick and stamp dirt down around them.' \sd archery \sd tools \sd warfare \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.276.3-277.1; 91.648.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔolototšʔiwaš \ps n \ge quiver, old \de old quiver \mr [<ʔolototšʔ (quiver) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔolototš \ce quiver \sd archery \sd warfare \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.276.3-277.1; 91.648.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔołpo \rd ʔołʔołpo \ps n \ge ?lizard species \de ?lizard species \ee Some are said to be bluish and others are yellowish according to the formation. May refer to varieties of the Coronado skink (ϞPlestiodon Ϟskiltonianus Ϟinterparietalis) or certain whiptail lizards (ϞAspidoscelis Ϟtigris). See also www.CalfiorniaHerps.com. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔonpo \pde ?lizard species.DIM \xv 1. loʔkaku kaʔałniwònlà ʔan tsaliwotoqʰloʔòp ki tštokołtšwotìtš loʔispu kisaliku- saxpiwu kikasamtənùs ʔołpo \xe 'the lazy one lies face down or belly down and crosses his arms, puts his forehead on this arms and they call him ʔołpo.' \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.265.2, 276.1-277.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔołpoš \ps v \ge alert, be \ge mischievous, be \ge malicious, be \de to be alert; to be mischievous; to be malicious \ee Harrington gives the example below, but then notes that “this verb must mean to be malicious/mischievous.” Harrington then notes that his consultant did “not know this verb” \xv 1. tšʔołpoš \xe 'it is very alert.' \xv 2. lokaʔuxpaʔàš ʔan tšʔołpòš \xe 'the otter is very alert, looks around all the time.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd cognition \lg JPH \rf 90.277.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔonhok \cf ʔonhoq \ce turkey vulture \sd variations \dt 27/Jul/2012 \lx ʔonhokok \ps n \ge lizard \de lizard \xv 1. kinupan piyapšəkuswu heʔismaʔam šiqštopo, sixwetet, soʔonhokok \xe 'and stuff them with stink-beetles, frogs, [and] lizards.' \xv 2. loʔkaʔonhokok heʔiʔismət ʔan tsixwalilìkʰ yəlaʔà heʔispu ka ʔisʔəł \xe 'the lizard’s back is speckled, hands and feet [as well].' \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 71.274.1-275.2; Glutton47 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔonhokokʰo \a ʔonokokʰo \va (ʔonokokʰo) \ps v \ge hop on one leg \de to hop on one leg \xv 1. kʔonhokokʰo \xe 'I hop on one leg.' \xv 2. kʔonokokʰo \xe 'I hop on one leg.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 90.277.4-278.1 \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔonhoq \a ʔonhok \a ʔonoq \va (ʔonhok, ʔonoq) \ps n \ge turkey vulture \ge vulture, turkey \de turkey vulture \sc Cathartes aura \ee The birds ͽtslow̓ (eagle), ͽhuyawət (condor), and ͽʔonhoq (turkey vulture) are said to quit the foulness of the world. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼonoq ‘buzzard,’ INZ ʼonoq ‘buzzard; vulture,’ possibly related OBI ł-ʼošoyo ‘buzzard’ (Whistler 1980: 12; SYBCI 2007: 484; Klar 19--a: 11) \xv 1. tšipʰšoš lokaʔonhoq \xe 'the buzzard hisses.' \xv 2. laʔkʰan ʔišuštəł sułʔuw loʔkaʔonhoqʰ ʔan tšniqʔalaw pakeʔet ʔisqapʰ kišwatšìw \xe 'when it comes upon its food or prey the buzzard pulls out a feather.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.525.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔonmoyoy̓o \ps n \ge whelk (small species) \de whelk (small species) \sd animals \sd ocean \sd shellfish \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.233.2 \dt 03/Apr/2015 \lx ʔonokokʰo \cf ʔonhokokʰo \ce to hop on one leg \sd variations \dt 01/Nov/2011 \lx ʔonoq \cf ʔonhoq \ce turkey vulture \sd variations \dt 27/Jul/2012 \lx ʔontomoyitš \ps v \ge trough-shaped, be \de to be trough-shaped \ee Harrington notes that his speaker did not know this word, but that the word was “undoubtedly correct” \xv 1. tšʔontomoyitš \xe 'it is trough-shaped.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd shape \lg JPH \rf 90.279.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔontoqots \ps n \ge whirlwind \de whirlwind \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + toqo (pivot back on oneself) + -(V)tš (ϡvz.prop.dimϡ)>] \cf toqoqo \ce to bend one’s knees as sharply as possible \xv 1. tsyət soʔontoqots \xe 'a whirlwind comes.' \sd nature \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 90.278.4-279.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔontšoši \sc Anemopsis californica \ps n \ge yerba mansa \ge lizard’s tail (plant species) \de yerba mansa; lizard’s tail \gn yerba del manso \dn yerba del manso \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (29 31). \sd plants \sd nature \sd health \lg JPH \rf 81.61.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔonyoko \ps n \ge shark \de shark \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼonyoko ‘shark,’ CRZ ʼonyoko ‘shark,’ INZ ʼonyoko ‘shark’ (Whistler 1980: 21; Beeler & Klar 1977: 117; SYBCI 2007: 256) \xv 1. kʰan ʔišiyulišwu soʔonyoko \xe 'when they catch sharks.' \xv 2. lokasʔamə kaʔonyoko ʔan tšutišihitš \xe 'the meat of the shark is tough.' \xv 3. tsʔił sinunašəš siyʔatʔap simuwu, tsaqniʔonyoko, ʔan xaxaʔax, ʔan yəlaʔa heʔisisʔamamə ʔan tšišošoy, kahe tsʔił ʔisisa \xe 'there is a sea animal which resembles a shark, it is big, all its body is black, and it has teeth.' \xv 4. tsaliyexexe \xe '[the shark when eating] turns on his back.' \xv 5. tsinipnipʔełwu heʔisimətməʔət \xe 'they twist their backs' (to kill young sharks). \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd fish \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.495.4; 90.202.1; 91.369.2, 529.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔopon \ps v \ge tie up a horse’s tail (in a bun) \de to tie up a horse’s tail (in a bun) \ee Harrington notes that this would be done in rainy weather, and that the verb refers to tying up horse tails only \mr [] \xv 1. hukʔopon \xe 'I am going to tie the horse's tail up.' \xv 2. tsʔoponus ʔiskawayu \xe 'he has his horse's tail tied up' (as they do in rainy weather). \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 90.280.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔopxon̓ \ps v \ge orphan, be an \ge orphaned, be \de to be an orphan; to be orphaned \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan kʔopxon̓ \xe 'I am an orphan.' \xv 2. naštəʔəʔə kqunup ʔan tšaqša lokaktete, kikanupan tšaqša lokakʰkoko kikakʔopxon̓ \xe 'I am an orphan, when I was still a boy my mother died and later my father died and I became an orphan.' \sd stative \sd kinship \sd people \sd verbs \rf 90.281.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoqoqo \cf ʔoqoqʰo \ce I. cough II. to cough \sd variations \dt 04/Jul/2018 \lx ʔoqoqʰo \a ʔoqoqo \va (ʔoqoqo) \rd ʔoqʰoqoqʰo \et *oqoqo \ec Compare BOI oxoxon ‘to cough,’ INZ oxoxon ‘to cough,’ OBI qʰoqʰo ‘to cough’ (Klar 1977: 78-79) \se I \a ʔoqoqo \va (ʔoqoqo) \ps n \ge cough \de cough \xv 1. tsʔoqoqo \xe 'cough.' \se II \a oqoqo \va (oqoqo) \ps v \ge cough \de to cough \gn toser \dn toser \xv 1. kʔoqoqʰo \xe 'I cough.' \xv 2. no ʔan koqoqo \xe 'I cough.' \xv 3. kʔoqʰoqoqʰo \xe 'I am coughing.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd body \sd onomatopoeia \sd health \lg JPH \rf 90.266.2-267.1; 92.887.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoqšpošinaš \a ʔoqʰšpošinaš \ps n \ge pole \ge mast \de pole; mast \xv 1. pmaquliʔiš loʔkašʔoqšpošinaš \xe 'you grab onto the pole of Venus.' \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Advice010 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔoqtowoł \a 1 \ps n \ge flute \ge whistle \de flute; whistle \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqta- (ϡinstrϡ.air) + wol ()>] \cf ʔoqtowolitš \ce to play the flute; to whistle with a whistle \xv 1. hukoqtopoyho hesikʔoqtowoł \xe 'I am going to blow my flute.' \xv 2. ʔaloqtowolitš (Ϟor tšoqtowolitš) \xe 'he is playing flute.' \xv 3. hesikʔoqtowoł \xe 'my flute.' \xv 4. sʔoqtowoł \xe 'his whistle.' \xv 5. tšʔoqtowolitš \xe 'he whistling with whistle in mouth.' \sd culture \sd religion \sd material \lg JPH \rf 90.269.3-270.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoqtowoł \hm 2 \ps n \ge windpipe.DIM \ge trachea.DIM \de windpipe.DIM; trachea.DIM \sd anatomy \lg TJPH \rf Weir8 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔoqtowolitš \a oqtowolitš \va (oqtowolitš) \ps v \ge play flute \ge flute, play \ge whistle with a whistle \de to play the flute; to whistle with a whistle \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqta- (ϡinstrϡ.air) + wol () + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔoqtowoł \ce flute; whistle \xv 1. tšʔoqtowolitš \xe 'he is whistling with whistle instrument.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksaqsumu sikoqtowolitš \xe 'I began to learn to play the flute.' \sd verbs \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.270.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoqtšon \ps n \ge urine of a baby \de urine of a baby \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxšol (urinate.ϡdimϡ)>] \cf ʔoxšoł \ce urine \cf oxšoł \ce to urinate \sd body \sd diminutives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.892.1} \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoqwo \a ʔoqʰwo \a ʔoqʰwò \rd ʔoqʔoqwoʔo \ps n \ge hair (head) \de hair (head) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼoqwon̓ ‘head; hair (of head),’ INZ ʼoqwon̓ ‘head; hair,’ PUY oqwo ‘hair/head’ (Whistler 1980: 21; SYBCI 2007: 258; Harrington 1986: 3.6.19.1, 25.1) \cf ʔałtipʔoqwo \ce one with much hair (on the head) \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \cf ʔepš \ce hair (head) \cf ʔišuš \ce pubic hair \cf tipʔoqwo \ce to have much hair \xv 1. sikʔoqwo \xe 'my hair.' \xv 2. tšnowo hesikʔoqwo \xe 'my hair stood on end' (from being scared). \xv 3. ʔułʔułyi ʔisʔoqwo \xe 'she had long hair.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukoxpot hesikʔoqwo kihušušʔexš \xe 'I am going to let down my hair.' \xv 5. tsiyapiyam sikʔoqwo \xe 'my hair is falling out.' \xv 6. ʔałkonoqš ʔiyʔoqwo \xe 'he cuts hair, is a barber.' \xv 7. laxula ʔan konoqsus heʔisʔoqwo, losalamtowtowš \xe 'it seems they scalped him in the war.' \xv 8. kikasʰin lokaʔoqwo kisʰukaliʔin lokasʔoqwo kʔuwe lokalutəł ʔan qnowowo \xe 'he took the hair and measured it with his own and the hair that he found was shorter.' \xv 9. tsʔatsʔəsinit \xe 'he shaved me.' \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH \rf 90.271.2- 90.273.4; 94.68 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoqwolinaʔaš \ps n \ge business \ge penis (idiomtic translation) \de business; penis (idiomtic translation) \cf oqwoli \ce business; thought; opinion \xv 1. kʔoqwolinaʔaš \xe 'my penis (lit., ‘my business’).' \rf 3.72.823.2, 90.274.4 \dt 11/Mar/2018 \lx ʔoqʰoqoqʰo \se I \ps n \ge cough.REDUP \de cough.REDUP \se II \ps v \ge cough.REDUP \de to cough.REDUP \cf ʔoqoqʰo \ce I. cough II. to cough \sd reduplications \dt 19/Jul/2018 \lx ʔoqʔoqwoʔo \ps n \ge hair (head).REDUP \de hair (head).REDUP \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \sd reduplications \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔosʔosoʔos \ps n \ge heel.REDUP \ge talon.REDUP \de heel.REDUP; talon.REDUP \cf ʔosos \ce heel; talon \sd reduplications \dt 09/May/2011 \lx ʔosos \rd ʔosʔosoʔos \ph ˈʔɔsɔs \ps n \ge heel \ge talon \de heel; talon \et *ʔososo \ec Compare BOI ʼosos ‘heel,’ CRZ ʼosos‘heel,’ INZ ʼosos ‘heel,’ PUY ʼosos ‘heel,’ OBI ʼososo ‘heel’ (Klar 1977: 93; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \xv 1. hesikʔósòs \xe 'my heel' ; 'my talon.' \sd animals \sd anatomy \sd birds \lg JPH \rf 90.308.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoš \a ʔoštə \va (ʔoštə-) \ps v \ge sex with, have \ge fuck \de to have sex with; to fuck \ee Note the imperfective form of this verb: ʔoštəš. \cf ʔałtšuyoʔoštəš \ce fucker; one who wants to fuck \cf šuyoʔoštəš \ce to want to fuck \xv 1. kʔoš \xe 'I stick my penis in.' \xv 2. kʔoštəš \xe 'I keep moving with fucking motion.' \xv 3. kʔoš loʔkaxʔanwa \xe 'I fuck a woman (most vulgar term).' \xv 4. kʔoš sixʔanwa \xe 'I fucked a woman.' \xv 5. ʔišʔałʔoštəš \xe 'they two are fucking.' \xv 6. ʔišʔałʔoštəšwaš \xe 'they already fucked.' \xv 7. piškə ʔan hupišʔoštəš \xe 'you two are going to fuck.' \xv 8. tšišʔoštəš loʔkaxʔanwa loʔkaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the man and woman fuck together.' \xv 9. kikašʔoš lokaxʔanwa kilokatsʔohoy ʔan lasaliqisqisə \xe 'and he fucks, the hen and the other one was just looking on.' \xv 10. kqisqisənwunwaš šiʔišʔatʔaxtʔaxatš səʔəqəy, pakeʔet ʔan xaʔax kilokatsʔohoy ʔan tanimitʔi, kʰanwa ʔišʰuyoʔoš lokamitʔi lokaxʔanwa kəʔəqəy ʔan tsmaqutinaʔał lokaxaʔax kištitap lokatanimitʔi \xe 'I used to see roosters, one was big and one smaller, when the little one wanted a hen the big one came running and chased the little one away.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \sd body \lg JPH \rf 71.903.1-2; 90.308.2-309.3 \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoteł \ps n \ge hotel \de hotel \gn hotel \dn hotel \mr [] \xv 1. lokoʔoteł kałmušpiwetš ʔan kałʔəhə šipštə \xe 'a cheap hotel has a lot of lice.' \xv 2. kisupuwe sikwałtu soʔoteł Los Angeles \xe 'I rented a room at a hotel in Los Angeles.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.310.1; 92.604.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔowow \ps v \ge white, be \de to be white \cf ʔałʔowow \ce smth white; whiteness \cf apoʔowow \ce to bleach from heat \cf qitʔowow \ce to be whitish \cf soʔowow \ce to make white \cf tanoʔowow \ce to be whitish \xv 1. tsʔowow \xe 'it is white.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʔowow \xe 'I am white.' \xv 3. tsʔowow ʔisiwaxa \xe 'it is white with excrement.' \xv 4. tsʔowow loʔištelèx \xe 'he has a white tail.' \xv 5. pakeʔet sixəp saʔałʔowow \xe 'one white stone.' \xv 6. ʔiškom sixəp siʔišʔałʔowow \xe 'two white stones.' \xv 7. masəx sixəp siyʔiʔałʔowow \xe 'three white stones.' \xv 8. lokakʰxəp ʔan ʔałʔowo \xe 'my stone is white.' \xv 9. tsʔowow, kʔuwe tšipšə̀ł \xe 'it is white, but it is roasted.' \xv 10. lokašʰatiwə ʔan wašətš ʔixʔanwa, ʔałʔowow ʔan ʔałtipʔatəšwə \xe 'his wife was a good looking woman, light complexioned, but had lots of herbs.' \xv 11. tšiwaqšik šaʔaliqstahay ka saʔałʔowow ka šaʔałtšošoy \xe 'they are painted red and white and black.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd colors \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.402; 90.313.1-315.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoxał \ps n \ge button hole \de button hole \mr [] \cf ʔoxałtš \ce to make button holes in \xv 1. pakeʔet soʔoxał \xe '[one] button hole.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 90.281.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxałtš \ps v \ge make button holes in \de to make button holes in \mr [<ʔoxal (button hole) + -tš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔoxał \ce button hole \xv 1. hukʔoxałtš \xe 'I am going to make buttonholes in it.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \rf 90.281.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxkoʔow \a ʔoxkow \va (ʔoxkow-) \ps n \ge molar \de molar \gn muela \dn muela \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔoxkowiwaš \pde molar.DEPR \cf ʔoxkowiwaš \ce old molar \cf sa \ce tooth/teeth \xv 1. sikʔoxkoʔow \xe 'my molars.' \xv 2. ʔoxkowiwaš \xe 'old molar tooth.' \xv 3. kušiʔik sikʔoxkoʔow \xe 'my molar aches.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 90.494.1; 92.904.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔoxkowiwaš \ps n \ge molar.DEPR \de old molar \mr [<ʔoxkoʔow (molar) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \xv 1. ʔoxkowiwaš \xe 'old molar tooth.' \cf ʔoxkoʔow \ce molar \sd depreciatives \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxkʔoho \ps n \ge thunder \de thunder \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxkʔoho (thunder)>] \cf oxkʔoho \ce to thunder \xv 1. soʔoxkʔoho \xe 'the thunder.' \sd elements \sd nature \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.282.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxoy \ps n \ge small gathering basket \ge basket, small gathering \ge gathering basket, small \de small gathering basket \ee The ͽʔoxoy was used to collect items on the beach, but it was not used for gathering acorns. \cf tsaya \ce large gathering basket; leaching basket \xv 1. knunaʔał soʔoxoy kił tsaya ʔan mə \xe 'I took the small gathering basket (ͽʔoxoy) but the large gathering basket (ͽtsaya) I left behind.' \sd culture \sd basketry \sd ocean \sd food \lg JPH \rf 90.288.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxšoł \ps n \ge urine \de urine \gn orín \dn orín \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxšol (urinate)>] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔoqtšon \pde urine.DIM \cf ʔoqtšon \ce urine of a baby \cf ʔoxšoləʔəš \ce chamber pot; piss pot \cf ʔoxšoləš \ce urine (outside the body) \cf oxšoł \ce to urinate \xv 1. hesikʔoxšoł \xe 'my urine.' \sd body \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.914.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxšoləʔəš \ps n \ge chamber pot \ge piss pot \de chamber pot; piss pot \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxšol (urinate) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔoxšoł \ce urine \cf oxšoł \ce to urinate \sd culture \sd material \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.297.2-3; 93.332.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxšoləš \ps n \ge urine (outside the body) \de urine (outside the body) \ee Harrington's notes indicate that this is the same word as ͽʔoxšoləʔəš. As can be seen, however, the words have different referents. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxšol (urinate) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔoxšoł \ce urine \cf oxšoł \ce to urinate \xv 1. tšuxš hešoʔoxšoləš \xe 'this urine stinks.' \xv 2. kipiyiqip hałʔoxšoləš! \xe 'fill it with urine!' \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.332.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxtokokəʔəš \ps n \ge toaster \ge utensil for toasting \de toaster; utensil for toasting \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxtokok (toast grain) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf oxtokok \ce to toast grain \sd food \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.300.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxtokokəš \ps n \ge popped grain \ge grain, popped \de popped grain \gn esquite \dn esquite \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxtokok (toast grain) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf oxtokok \ce to toast grain \sd food \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.300.4-301.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxtokow \cf ʔoxtokow̓ \ce snow \sd variations \dt 01/Nov/2011 \lx ʔoxtokow̓ \rd ʔoxʔoxtokoʔow \a ʔoxtokow \a oktokow \va (ʔoxtokow; oktokow) \ps n \ge snow \de snow \gn nieve \dn nieve \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxto (be cold) + kow ()>] \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼoxtokoʼ ‘hail,’ CRZ ʼoqtokow ⁓ hoqtokow ‘snow; ice,’ INZ ʼoxtokow̓ ‘ice; hail; hailstone; cold(ness),’ PUY ʼax̂tokò ‘snow’ (Whistler 1980: 21; Beeler & Klar 1977: 23; SYBCI 2007: 261; Harrington 1986: 3.6.22.2) \cf oxto \ce to feel cold; to be cold (said of a person) \cf oxtokow̓ \ce to snow \cf šup ʔi ʔoxtokow \ce Sierra Nevada \xv 1. tsapiyam soʔoxtokow \xe 'it is snowing.' \xv 2. šup ʔi ʔoxtokow \xe 'Sierra Nevada.' \xv 3. kəpə ʔan tsiyapiyam soʔoxtokow̓ \xe 'snow is falling.' \sd elements \sd meteorology \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.234.1; 90.8.4, 303.1-304.1; 94.356.4 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoxtowoł \ps n \ge trachea \ge windpipe \de windpipe; trachea \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqta- (ϡinstrϡ.air) + wol ()>] \cf ʔoqtowoł2 \ce windpipe.DIM; trachea.DIM \cf oqtowolitš \ce to play flute \xv 1. sikʔoxtowoł \xe 'my windpipe.' \xv 2. tsʔoxtowoł \xe 'his windpipe.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.306.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxwo \ph ˈˀɔxwɔ \hm 1 \ps n \ge gopher \de gopher \ee Harrington notes that this is the dim. of ͽʔoqwo 'hair of head.' \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔoxwonoynoy \pde gopher.DIM \xv 1. kuliʔiš soʔoxwò kikawə̀y kanawa šipʰšə̀ł kikʔùw \xe 'I catch a gopher and I roast him and when it is done I eat him.' \xv 2. tsuwaʔipʰšnənə̀ ʔisiwon loʔkaʔoxwò \xe 'the gopher makes a sound like mucous in a dying person: [ç ç ç ç].' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.787.1-793.1; 94.68.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoxwo \hm 2 \ps n \ge frontal fontanel (in infants) \ge fontanel (in infants), frontal \de frontal fontanel (in infants) \gn mollera \dn mollera \xv 1. tsapiyam ʔisʔoxwo \xe 'the frontal fontanel fell.' \xv 2. tsamsapətinus ʔisʔoxwo \xe 'they raise the frontal fontanel' (by pressing the roof of the baby’s mouth with finger to raise it again). \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.306.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxwoškʔoloł \ps n \ge duck species \de duck species \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.540.1-541.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔoxʔoxtokoʔow \ps n \ge snow.REDUP \de snow.REDUP \cf ʔoxtokow̓ \ce snow \sd reduplications \dt 22/Apr/2011 \lx ʔoya \ps n \ge olla \ge pot, large earthenware \de olla; large earthenware pot \xv 1. kapʔoya \xe 'your olla.' \xv 2. tštiwekey losoʔoya \xe 'she is scraping out the olla.' \xv 3. huksukwey hešiletši lokaʔoya \xe 'I will pour milk into the olla.' \sd food \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH \rf 90.261.3-262.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔoyi \ps v \ge side, be to one \ge twisted, be \ge crooked, be \de to be to one side; to be twisted; to be crooked \sy kowowo \cf ʔałʔoyi \ce wry one \cf aloʔoyi \ce to be lying on one side \cf otoyi \ce to lie down \cf qinoyi \ce to be cross-eyed \cf suwoloyi \ce to topple smth; to fell \cf woloyi \ce to fall over (as is said of a tree) \cf wošʔotoyi \ce to be laid out \xv 1. tsʔoyi \xe 'it is bent to one side.' \xv 2. tsaloʔoyi \xe 'it is on one side.' \xv 3. ʔałʔoyi ʔisʔək \xe 'he has a mouth twisted to one side.' \xv 4. ʔałʔoyi ʔišnuxš \xe 'he has a crooked nose.' \xv 5. tsʔoyi ʔišyəwəš \xe 'its head is twisted.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.235.2; 90.9.4, 262.3-263.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoyo \ps vt \ge help \de to help \cf ʔałʔałʔoyo \ce assistant; helper \xv 1. hukʔoyonił \xe 'I am going to help you.' \xv 2. hukʔoyonus \xe 'I am going to help him.' \xv 3. hukʔoyonuʔus \xe 'I am going over to another place to help him.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukʔoyonus \xe 'I am going to help him.' \xv 5. ʔoyonit kihukʰkumli! \xe 'help me to reach the place!' \xv 6. ʔoyonus lokaʔulišutš \xe 'thou shalt help the prisoner.' \xv 7. tsišʔoyonìtʰ tšʔišqunqunup ʔiškom̓ \xe 'the two boys helped me.' \xv 8. kʰin pakeʔet ʔištum saʔatuštap kikakuštipey siwínù kikaqmił kitsʔoyonit kʔuwe laxutaxtaxšətš \xe 'I beat up raw egg with wine and it seems to give me strength, it helps me.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.263.3-265.3; Daughter113 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoyoso \ps n \ge bumblebee \de bumblebee \gn jicote \dn jicote \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼoyosow ‘bumblebee,’ INZ ʼoyosow ‘bee,’ OBI t-olo ‘bumblebee’ (Klar 1977: 69) \xv 1. lokaʔoyoso ʔan tsaxaptəməmə \xe 'the wasp goes buzzing.' \xv 2. lokoʔoyoso ʔan munatštə kʰusʔəhə \xe 'the wasps are not found in great numbers.' \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \rf 89.414.2, 537.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔukaʔaʔał \a ʔukaʔaʔał \ps pro \de conditional interrogative pronoun \ee Glossed as INTRR.COND. \mr [<ʔu- (ϡcondϡ) + ka (ϡdem.redupϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ)>] \xv 1. kisaqnitoxlołkʔoy ʔalaxuwə̀ł, “ʔukaʔaʔał hušnehet? kihukpošotš nełsalinetus loʔkakʔiwə kisəhəʔə̀n ʔisutʔaw, ki no kʔuwe kʔalištaxan̓” \xe 'and coyote got to thinking, “what should I do? for I will know how my comrade is a great hunter, and I will myself take courage.” ' \sd pronouns \sd untranslated \lg TJPH \rf 69.1087.2/Roadrunner20-23 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔul- \cf ʔula- \ce conditional verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 21/Jun/2018 \lx ʔułʔułkuʔuw \ps n \ge night.REDUP \ge nighttime.REDUP \de night.REDUP; nighttime.REDUP \cf ʔułkuw \ce night; nighttime \sd reduplications \dt 09/May/2011 \lx ʔułʔułyaʔa \ps n \ge finger (of the hand).REDUP \ge toe.REDUP \de finger (of the hand).REDUP; toe.REDUP \cf ʔułya \ce finger (of the hand); toe \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔułʔułyi \ps v \ge long, be.REDUP \ge tall, be.REDUP \de to be long.REDUP; to be tall.REDUP \cf ʔułyi \ce to be long; to be tall \sd reduplications \dt 28/Dec/2010 \lx ʔula- \a ʔul- \a ula- \va (ʔul-, ula-) \ps vpre \ge COND \de conditional verbal prefix \ee This would seem to indicate positive condition. Glossed as COND. \xv 1. ʔulasmusʔił hałʔaskuał ʔan əwəsamaqmił site \xe 'if it were not for the sugar, nobody would drink tea.' \xv 2. ʔulamuʔəhə hałtsʔixip, ʔan ʔəwəlasməkənli hałtšpelonušaʔaš \xe 'if he did not earn a lot he would not go so far to shear.' \xv 3. kay ʔulawə kʰšuwaqʰmaš ʔan naštəəə hukiqisə heʔišup kaštə tšixipʰš \xe 'if only I had not rejected [it], we would have seen the world be more perfect and beautiful.' \xv 4. ulaktapušwaʔaš ʔan muhustaktə lokašʰatiwə \xe 'if I had gone to visit the man, he would not have killed his wife.' \xv 5. ulaktotsʔi hesitorri \xe 'if I kick this tower […].' \xv 6. ʔulaktšotšonəʔəš \xe 'if I were a fish […].' \xv 7. ʔulasaxiyepitwaš lokaałʔalaxiyepš ʔan lakəkš tseqe lokakalušiʔik kimukišpuwenušwaš kəwə musaxiyepitwaš \xe 'if the doctor had cured me he would have removed my pain, but I didn’t pay him because he didn’t cure me.' \xv 8. nełʔuluknetus kuhukaqwayapiyuw \xe 'how am I going to revenge myself on you people?' \xv 9. ʔulakhin hałkatu \xe 'I would rather have a cat.' \xv 10. ʔulanonwaʔaš \xe 'that I had been.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd mood \lg TJPH \rf 89.691.1; 91.68.3; 92.725.2; Daughter56; Pico 1888 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuleʔle \cf ʔulele \ce to lull (a baby); to have a good time \sd variations \dt 05/Nov/2011 \lx ʔulele \a ʔuleʔle \ps v \ge lull (a baby) \ge have a good time \ge good time, have a \de to lull (a baby); to have a good time \mr [<ʔu () + lele (make sudden vocalizations)>] \cf nəw \ce to sing \xv 1. hukʔulele \xe 'I am going to lull a baby.' \xv 2. ʔulele kakisiqunup \xe 'lull that baby!' \xv 3. no ʔan hukʔulele \xe 'I am going to lullaby a baby.' \xv 4. kəpə heʔismayə piyakʰtiwəšiyùw hukiʔuleʔle \xe 'now tonight come with us, we are going to have a good time.' \sd language \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.179.1; 91.367.1-2; Coyo64-65 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuliš \ps n \ge handle \de handle \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uliʔiš(ʔ) (take; catch; grab)>] \sy ʔulišmu \cf ʔulišʔetš \ce to have a handle \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. lokašʔuliš \xe 'its handle.' \xv 2. tsʔił ʔišʔuliš \xe 'it has a handle.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.377.4-378.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔulišʔetš \ps v \ge handle, have a \ge have a handle \de to have a handle \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uliʔiš(ʔ) (take; catch; grab) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałʔulišʔetš \pde to have a handle.NZ \cf ʔuliš \ce handle \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. ʔałʔulišʔetš \xe 'it has a handle.' \sd tools \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.379.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔulišmu \ps n \ge handle \de handle \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uliʔiš(ʔ) (take; catch; grab) + -mu (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \sy ʔuliš \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. tšʔulišmu \xe 'its handle.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.379.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔulišutš \ps n \ge captive \ge prisoner \de captive; prisoner \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uliʔiš(ʔ) (take; catch; grab) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. ʔoyonus lokaʔulišutš \xe 'thou shalt help the prisoner.' \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.379.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔulixon \ps n \ge dried (fruit) \de dried (fruit) \mr [] \xv 1. ʔulixon ʔimantsana \xe 'dried apples.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.377.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔułkulo \ps v \ge eat up \de to eat up \ee This is Xom̓ (Castaic) dialect for ʔuwlilo ‘to eat up’ \xv 1. kʔułkulo \xe 'I am eating.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd dialects \lg JPH \rf 91.388.1-2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔułkum̓ \cf ʔuškum̓ \ce fog \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2011 \lx ʔułkuw \rd ʔułʔułkuʔuw \a ʔułkuw̥ \va (ʔułkuw̥) \ps n \ge night \ge nighttime \de night; nighttime \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ulkuw (be night)>] \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \xv 1. neʔesməkəʔə suʔułkuw \xe 'it is already very [late in] the night.' \xv 2. neʔesułkuw̥ \xe 'it is already night.' \xv 3. pakeʔet suʔułkuw̥ \xe 'one night.' \xv 4. ʔipštewe łʔułkuw \xe 'how many nights?' \xv 5. ʔipštewe špełwe \xe 'how many nights did you sleep there?' \xv 6. wašətš ʔisułkuw \xe 'good night.' \xv 7. kəpə hesiʔułkuw \xe 'tonight.' \xv 8. tsmaqtuʔu suʔułkuw \xe 'it is midnight.' \xv 8. kʰkuta ʔismaqtuʔu suʔułkuw \xe 'I got up at midnight.' \xv 9. qnowowo suʔułkuw, ʔułyi šiʔišaw \xe 'the night is short, the day is long.' \xv 10. kikanawa sułkuw ʔan tsiyʔuwit šipštə \xe 'and in the night the fleas bit me.' \xv 11. lokamakał ʔan tšulišwu sinunatšəʔətš siʔiʔalalixoyoyo sinawa sułkuw \xe 'the bat catches night-flying insects.' \xv 12. hesaʔanatʔamam ʔan latšə ʔisalinałnaʔał suʔułʔułkuʔuw, kiʔišnaxyət ʔan tšaliqšihitš \xe 'the raccoon always wanders about nights and sleeps during the day.' \xv 13. ʔałtsiyalinałnaʔał ʔisułkuw, kisinawa ʔišnaxyət ʔan tsuniyəw ʔiswał sipon̓ kikaswe \xe 'the bats fly in the night and in the morning hunt a hole in a tree and sleep.' \sd chronometry \sd common \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 91.388.4-392.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔułteteš \ps n \ge ground meal sifted from fine meal \de ground meal sifted from fine meal \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ultet (grind coarse meal sifted from fine meal) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ułtet \ce to grind coarse meal sifted from fine meal \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.393.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔułwaxəš \ps n \ge strip (of meat, etc.) \de strip (of meat, etc.) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ulwax (cut (a) strip(s) of) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ułwax \ce to cut strip of \xv 1. neʔeʔułwaxəš \xe 'it is already cut into strips.' \xv 2. pakeʔet suʔułwaxəš \xe 'one strip.' \xv 3. kułwaxš \xe 'I cut strips.' \sd clothes \sd animals \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.396.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔułya \rd ʔułʔułyaʔa \ps n \ge finger (of the hand) \ge toe \de finger (of the hand); toe \xv 1. hesipʔułya \xe 'thy finger.' \xv 2. hesikʔułya \xe 'my finger.' \xv 3. heʔisʔułya \xe 'his finger.' \xv 4. hesikʔułʔułyáʔà \xe 'my fingers.' \xv 5. suʔułya saʔałliyək \xe 'middle finger.' \xv 6. tspahaʔa heʔisʔułya \xe 'his finger is stiff.' \xv 7. neʔesqʔom hesikʔułya \xe 'my finger is bent double.' \xv 8. kʰpoʔon hesikʔułya \xe 'I put my finger in my mouth.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 91.380.1-381.3; 94.279.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔułyi \rd ʔułʔułyi \ps adj \ge long, be \ge tall, be \de to be long; to be tall \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałʔułʔułyi \pde to be long.NZ; to be tall.NZ \cf ʔułyinaʔaš \ce length \cf aluʔułyiʔin \ce to lie long; to stand long \cf kaskasʔułyiʔin \ce to cut long strips of \cf luʔułyiʔin \ce to grow long \cf nuxš \ce nose \cf quluʔułyiʔin \ce to move lengthwise \cf suʔułyi \ce to lengthen smth \cf tanuʔułyi \ce to be bigger than; to be longer than \xv 1. suʔułʔułyi \xe 'long ones.' \xv 2. ʔułyi ʔi sʔəł \xe 'long-legged one.' \xv 3. heʔsixʔanwa ʔułʔułyi ʔi sʔəł \xe 'this woman has long legs.' \xv 4. no ʔan kʔułyí \xe 'I am tall.' \xv 5. ʔułyinawaš \xe 'it was tall' (said of chopped-down tree). \xv 6. ʔułyi ʔisʔaqləw \xe 'it has a long neck.' \xv 7. ʔułyi ʔisxət \xe 'he has a very large penis/erection.' \xv 8. ʔułʔułyi ʔisʔoqwo \xe 'she had long hair.' \xv 9. losuʔułʔułyi siqasqas \xe 'sandbank; dune.' \xv 10. ʔułyi ʔispiʔiw \xe 'it is very expensive.' \xv 11. ʔułyi ʔisʰupiwe \xe 'she is high-priced.' \xv 12. ʔułyi ʔiswaxa \xe 'his shit is long.' \xv 13. ʔułʔułyi ʔišinuxš \xe 'they have big noses.' \xv 14. ʔułyi ʔisʔałtsʔətsʔə \xe 'it has a long point.' \xv 15. ʔułyi šiʔišaw \xe 'the days are long.' \xv 16. ʔułʔułyi ʔisʰixway̓ \xe 'it has long claws' (said of mountain lion). \xv 17. lokaqunup ʔan husʔułyi \xe 'the boy is going to be tall.' \xv 18. ʔułyi hesitipəšəš \xe 'this seam is long' (said of seam in my shirt). \xv 19. lokaʔiʔałʔułʔułyi ʔisʰap \xe 'long-horned cattle.' \xv 20. qnowowo suʔałkuw, ʔułyi šiʔišaw \xe 'the night is short, the day is long.' \xv 21. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan ułʔułyi heʔispú \xe 'this man has his hands very long.' \xv 22. ʔułyi ʔi pon̓ \xe 'Palo Alto.' \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd vadjectivals \sd stative \sd idioms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.95.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔułyinaʔaš \a ułyinaʔàš \ps n \ge length \de length \mr [<ʔułyi (be long) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔułyi \ce to be long; to be tall \xv 1. ksukumu hałtšʔułyinaʔaš \xe 'I measured its length.' \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.387.4; WeircC6 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔumumuʔu \ps n \ge food.REDUP \de food.REDUP \cf ʔuwmu \ce food \sd reduplications \dt 09/Feb/2011 \lx ʔunapət \ps n \ge stairway \ge ladder \de stairway; ladder \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + un- () + apət (tread on; step on)>] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \xv 1. hesikʔunapət \xe 'my stairway' ; 'my ladder.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.397.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔunu \ps v \ge grandchild \de grandchild \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼun̓u ‘grandchild,’ INZ ʼunuʼ ‘grandchild through one’s son’ (Whistler 1980: 35; SYBCI 2007: 392) \mr [<ʔunuʔ>] \cf matʔunuʔuw \ce to be heir to \cf tšišʔunu \ce great-grandson \xv 1. kikasʔipus pakeʔet lokasʔunù hešaʔałmiš \xe 'and he said to his grandsons regarding the crying one.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH; TJPH; KO \rf Daughter128 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuqstilow \ps n \ge kindling \ge woodshavings \de kindling; woodshavings \xv 1. suʔuqstilow \xe 'the kindling.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukwitšwitšʔeq sikʔuqstilow \xe 'I am going to whittle little shavings or kindlings' (to make fire with). \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.357.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuqštilulu \ps n \ge small sweathouse \ge sweathouse, small \de small sweathouse \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1986: 32 35). \cf ʔapayək \ce large sweathouse \sd places \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 91.359.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuqtʔawəyəš \ps n \ge tortilla cooked on comal \ge smth baked on comal \ge comal, smth cooked on \de tortilla cooked on comal; smth baked on comal \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uqtʔ- (ϡinstrϡ.endothermic) + awəy (roast) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔawəyəš \ce roast meat \cf awəy \ce to roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers) \cf uqtʔawəy \ce to cook (tortillas) on a comal; to cook (tortillas) on top of coals \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.362.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuskikaʔaš \ps n \ge scratching instrument \de scratching instrument \ee This form should be ͽʔuškikaʔaš based on sibilant harmony rules and the morphology of the root. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + kik (rake) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf uškik \ce to scratch (oneself) \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.422.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuskum̓ \cf ʔuškum̓ \ce fog \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2011 \lx ʔustʔeymu \ps n \ge occupation \de occupation \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + tʔey (related to touching) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ustʔey \ce to rest one’s hand on; to be occupied with \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.424.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušʔem̓ \rd ʔušʔušʔeʔem \a ʔušem̓ \va (ʔušem̓) \ps n \ge water jug basket \ge basket, water jug \de water jug basket \xv 1. huki lupʔalsutiyək? lokakʔušem̓a? \xe 'in what shall you throw it? in my jug, shaln't I?' \xv 2. hesikʔušʔem̓ \xe 'my water jug.' \sd tools \sd basketry \sd water \lg JPH \rf 90.678.3; 91.433.4-434.1; Glutton48 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušʔikʔommu \a ʔušiqommu \va (ʔušiqommu) \ps n \ge storage area \ge place where things are kept \de storage area; place where things are kept \ee This may refer to a box or room for storing things. \mr [<ʔušʔikʔom (store) + –mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ušʔikʔom \ce to store; to keep/hold \xv 1. kikasʔušʔikʔommu lokašʰin ʔixpanəš \xe 'it stores its acorns.' \xv 2. musiyʔuw lokašiʔišʔikʔommu \xe 'it does not eat the ones which it has stored.' \xv 3. huksinay ʔiti kuhukełtse kuhukašiqom \xe 'I am going to put it here, wrap it up and keep it.' \sd places \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.448.1-2; 94.391.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušʔušʔeʔem \ps n \ge water jug basket.REDUP \ge basket, water jug.REDUP \de water jug basket.REDUP \cf ʔušʔem̓ \ce water jug basket \sd reduplications \dt 08/Jul/2011 \lx ʔušʔušwekey̓eš \a ʔušʔušwekeyeš \va (ʔušʔušwekeyeš) \ps n \ge rubbish pile.REDUP \ge trashcan.REDUP \de rubbish pile.REDUP; trashcan.REDUP \cf ʔušwekeyeš \ce rubbish pile; trashcan \sd reduplications \dt 24/Jan/2013 \lx ʔušem̓ \cf ʔušʔem̓ \ce water jug basket \sd variations \dt 07/Nov/2011 \lx ʔušikmu \ps n \ge pain, source of \ge source of pain \ge where one aches \de source of pain; where one aches \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ušiʔik (ache) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ušiʔik \ce to ache \xv 1. kʔušikmu \xe 'where I always ache.' \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.445.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušikʔoməš \ps n \ge smth kept \ge kept, smth \de smth kept \ee This means something that is and kept for a while without being removed. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ušʔikʔom (store; keep/hold onto) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ušʔikʔom \ce to store; to keep/hold \xv 1. ʔušikʔoməš \xe 'it is kept.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.445.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuškikaʔaš \ps n \ge scratching instrument \de scratching instrument \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + kik (rake) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf uškik \ce to scratch (oneself) \xv 1. hešikʔuškikaʔaš \xe 'my scratcher.' \sd tools \rf 91.450.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuškum̓ \a ʔułkum̓ \a ʔuskum̓ \va (ʔułkum̓, ʔuskum̓) \ps n \ge fog \de fog \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uškum (be foggy)>] \cf uškum̓ \ce to be foggy \xv 1. nee syət suʔułkùm \xe 'the fog is already coming in.' \sd meteorology \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.456.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuškuyaʔaš \ps n \ge pointer (smth that points) \de pointer (smth that points) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uškuy (point at) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf uškuy \ce to point at; to pertain to \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.456.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušpayəʔəš \ps n \ge digging instrument \de digging instrument \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + pay (related to verticality) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ušpay \ce to dig \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.447.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušpayəš \ps n \ge hole in ground \ge pit in ground \de hole in ground; pit in ground \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + pay (related to verticality) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ušpay \ce to dig \xv 1. no ʔan huksiwałtapi lošuʔušpayəš \xe 'I am going to toss it into the hole.' \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.475.3, 478.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušqʰaləʔəš \ps n \ge wedge \de wedge \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + qʰalh (come apart) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \sy ušqʰał \cf ušqʰał \ce I. wedge II. to push open \xv 1. tsʔił ʔišiyušqaləʔəš pon̓ ʔiqwe kasila ʔisʰapsiwə tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔkasiyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyušqał, tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔkasiyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyušqał \xe 'they have their wedges of toyon wood or deerhorn, and they open or split the palo according to their desire using the wedges.' \sd verbs \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Tomol41-42 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuštap \ps n \ge oar \de oar \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + tap (enter (the residence of))>] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf ustap \ce to row \cf uštaʔap \ce to put one's hand in \xv 1. ikšit lokuʔuštap \xe 'give me the oar!' \sd culture \sd ocean \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 91.485.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuštəl \cf uštəł \ce to find; to discover \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuštʔeyeʔeš \ps n \ge antenna \de antenna \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + tʔey (related to touching) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf uštʔey \ce to touch \sd animals \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.498.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuštʔeymu \ps n \ge obligation \ge trade \de obligation; trade \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + tʔey (related to touching) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf uštʔey \ce to touch \xv 1. kʔuštʔeymu \xe 'my trade.' \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.498.4-499.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuštšʔəmənəš \ps n \ge buried, smth \de smth buried \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ustsʔəmə (bury) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ustsʔəmə \ce to bury \xv 1. ktipay suʔuštšʔəmənəš šaʔałtšum \xe 'I dug up a hidden treasure.' \xv 2. kuštəł suʔuštšʔəmənəš saʔałtšum, kiksukitwo, knunaʔał lokakʔap \xe 'I found the buried treasure, I got it and took it home.' \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.499.4-500.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuštšʔəmətšmu \ph ˀʊʃtʃ’ǝmǝtʃʰmʊ \a uštšʔəmətšmu \va (uštšʔəmətšmu) \ps n \ge cemetery \de cemetery \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ustsʔəmə (bury) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ustsʔəmə \ce to bury \sd lifecycle \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.501.1; 94.391.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušwekeyeʔeš \ps n \ge broom \de broom \gn escoba \dn escoba \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + wekʔey (scattering; wiping/sweeping) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ušwekeʔey \ce to throw away; to dump out; to sweep out \xv 1. hesikʔušwekeyeʔeš \xe 'my broom.' \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.504.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušwekeyeš \rd ʔušʔušwekey̓eš \a ʔušweqeyeš \va (ʔušweqeyeš) \ps n \ge rubbish pile \ge trashcan \de rubbish pile; trashcan \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + wekʔey (scattering; wiping/sweeping) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \sy ʔušwekeymu \cf ušwekeʔey \ce to throw away; to dump out; to sweep out \xv 1. hukušwekeʔey heʔištuwaš lošuʔušʔušwekeyeš \xe 'I am going to dump these empty clam shells in the rubbish pile or kitchen midden.' \xv 2. hukuškeʔey hesiyʔestufa, hukwatšʔəʔəw losuʔušʔušwekeyeš \xe 'I am going to throw this stove away at the rubbish pile.' \sd household \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.505.1-505.3, 506.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušwekeymu \ps n \ge rubbish pile \de rubbish pile \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + wekʔey (scattering; wiping/sweeping) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \sy ʔušwekeyeš \cf ušwekeʔey \ce to throw away; to dump out; to sweep out \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.505.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušweleneʔeš \ps n \ge stirrer \de stirrer \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + wele (stir) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ušwele \ce to stir \cf wele \ce to stir \sd tools \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.507.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušweqeyeš \cf ʔušwekeyeš \ce rubbish pile; trashcan \sd variations \dt 11/Mar/2018 \lx ʔušwilaš \ps n \ge abundance (of food) \de abundance (of food) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + wil (exist) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ušwił \ce to serve (food) \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.509.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔutałtə \a utałtə \va (utałtə) \ps v \ge enemy of, be \de to be enemy of \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uti- (ϡinstrϡ.punctual) + al- (ϡstatϡ) + təl ()>] \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \xv 1. kikəpə ʔan tšišʔutałtəšiši \xe 'and now they are enemies of each other.' \xv 2. tsiyutałtəwuswu lokaʔaleman \xe 'they are enemies of the Germans.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd people \sd warfare \lg JPH \rf 91.510.4-511.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔutinay \cf ʔutinay̓ \ce cradle; Y-cradleboard \sd variations \dt 04/Jul/2018 \lx ʔutinay̓ \a ʔutinay \ps n \ge cradle \ge Y-cradleboard \de cradle; Y-cradleboard \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 316 323). \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + utinay̓ (be in a cradle; be fastened to a cradle)>] \cf ʔutʔinay̓ \ce baby (of breast) \xv 1. hesikʔutinay \xe 'my cradle.' \xv 2. koxpotus lokaʔutinay \xe 'I undo him from the cradle.' \xv 3. loʔkasʔutinaʔy hesiqunup \xe 'the cradle of this child.' \xv 4. heʔišaliyəwəš lokaʔutinay \xe 'at the head of the baby cradle.' \xv 5. kʰkeeqweł saʔaxwi huksutipey lokaʔutinay \xe 'I am cutting a buckskin to put on the cradle.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.524.4-526.2; Hudson & Blackburn 1982: 316-323 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔutinoʔoʔo \a ʔutinoʔoʔò \ps vimp \ge oneself, do promptly \ge do promptly oneself \de to do promptly oneself \ee Initial glottal stop may be inorganic. Alternately, this may be more functionally a pronoun, in which case the initial glottal stop could be a feature of nominalization. \mr [] \cf no \ce first person singular (subject); I; me \xv 1. ʔutinoʔoʔo hukwaxaʔa \xe 'now I am going to defecate.' \xv 2. hukiyapałhay ʔapi ʔasku hałʔałxałməkəʔə ; ʔutinoʔoʔo hukapałhay \xe 'let’s see which of us 3+ can jump the furthest' ; 'now it is my turn to jump.' \xv 3. ʔutinoʔoʔo \xe 'now I am going' (when playing cards and one player gets up and I sit down and take his place I say this). \sd vimpersonals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.526.4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔutiyəkmu \ps n \ge buggy \ge transportation \de buggy; transportation \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + utiyək (be inside) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf utiyək \ce to be contained in; to be inside \xv 1. tsiyʔutiyəkmu \xe 'their buggy.' \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.520.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔutʔam \a ʔutʔàm \ps n \ge river \de river \gn arroyo \gn rio \dn arroyo; rio \ee Refers to the entire river. \et *l̓VmV \ec Compare BOI ʼulam ‘river,’ CRZ ʼul̓am ‘river,’ OBI łimiʼ‘river,’ PUY ʼulam̓ ‘river’ (Klar 1977: 66; Harrington 1986: 3.6.1648.1) \cf ʔanatʔam̓am \ce raccoon \cf ʔatʔamli \ce to go along a stream; to wade \cf ʔutʔamu \ce to be flooded (said of a river) \xv 1. suʔutʔam \xe 'the river.' \xv 2. no ka kʰin hesuʔutʔam \xe 'this river belongs to me.' \xv 3. ʔitisuʔutʔam \xe 'here in the river.' \xv 4. hukʰkeʔepleł suʔutʔam \xe 'I am going to bathe in the river.' \xv 5. kuliʔiš sixwetet losuʔutʔam \xe 'I caught a frog in the river.' \xv 6. kinaʔał suʔutʔam \xe 'let’s go to the river.' \sd geography \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.507.2; 90.231.1; 91.534.4-536.1; Daughter116 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔutʔamu \a ʔutʔamun \va (ʔutʔamun-) \ps v \ge flooded (said of a river), be \de to be flooded (said of a river) \mr [<ʔutʔam (river) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf ʔutʔam \ce river \xv 1. tsʔutʔamu \xe 'it made a flood.' \xv 2. kʰan susʔutʔamu \xe 'when it is going to become a flood.' \xv 3. tšʔutʔamunwaš ʔiti suʔutʔam \xe 'here in the river there was a big flood.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.536.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔutʔaw \cf utʔaʔaw \ce to hunt \sd variations \dt 06/Sep/2011 \lx ʔutʔawəʔəš \ps n \ge smth for hunting small game \de smth for hunting small game \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + utʔaʔaw (hunt) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf utʔaʔaw \ce to hunt \xv 1. ya ʔi ʔutʔawəʔəš \xe 'arrow for killing small game' (not good for killing larger game like bears). \sd tools \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.537.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔutʔinay̓ \ps n \ge baby (of breast) \de baby (of breast) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + utinay̓ (be in a cradle; be fastened to a cradle)>] \cf ʔaqškʔutinay̓ \ce plaything; toy \cf ʔutinay̓ \ce cradle; Y-cradleboard \cf sutinay̓ \ce to put in a cradle (said of a baby) \xv 1. kakutʔinay̓ \xe 'my baby.' \sd people \sd kinship \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.14.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuw \rd ʔuwʔuw \a uw \va (uw) \ps v \ge eat \ge bite \de to eat; to bite \et *ʔuw (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI ʼuw ‘to eat,’ OBI ʼuwma ‘food,’ INZ ʼuw ‘to eat,’ PUY ʼuʼu ‘to eat,’ OBI ʼuʼ ⁓ ʼuw ‘to eat’ (Klar 1977: 83) \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \cf ʔuwliloʔo \ce to go smwh to eat \cf ʔuwlilonmu \ce where one eats \cf ʔuwlilonutš \ce to have eaten \cf ʔuwmu \ce food \cf ʔuwš \ce to sting \cf ʔuwutš \ce to be bitten \cf apuʔuw \ce to peck \cf soʔowus \ce to fast \cf suʔuwlilo \ce to feed \cf susʔuw \ce to force-feed \cf suyuw \ce to like eating; to want to eat \cf suw \ce to poison \cf tsaqskʔuwwaxa \ce maggot \cf unuʔuw \ce to breakfast; to eat in the morning \xv 1. hukʔuw \xe 'I am going to eat.' \xv 2. mukʔuw ʔałhaputš \xe 'I do not eat meat.' \xv 3. muštšum lusamʔuw \xe 'it is no good to eat.' \xv 4. wašətš ʔisamʔuw \xe 'it is good to eat, it is good food.' \xv 5. hukʔuw ʔisandia \xe 'I am going to eat watermelon.' \xv 6. naxyət hukʔuw \xe 'tomorrow I am going to eat it.' \xv 7. tsiyʔuwit šipštə \xe 'the louse bit me.' \xv 8. tsinunaxyəʔət ʔisiyʔuwit \xe 'they bit me all night.' \xv 9. tsʔuwit ʔišətəłhəł \xe 'a large red ant bit me.' \xv 10. axakšit lupałʔuw \xe 'give me something to eat, anything you have.' \xv 11. husʔuwwaʔaš pakeʔet \xe 'she was going to eat one.' \xv 12. latšə ʔisiyʔuwit lokakʔan \xe 'the mosquitos suck my blood all the time.' \xv 13. tsiyaqtuniyəw suliyʔuw \xe 'they seek their food.' \xv 14. kəwə lakasiyʔuwmu səʔəqəy \xe 'for it is eaten by chickens.' \xv 15. neʔešwašətš lokahukiʔałʔuw \xe 'our meal is ready.' \xv 16. wašətš ʔi samuw tšaqnitšum \xe 'it is good food.' \xv 17. yəlaʔa lokalamnikətus ʔan lašnəkəkš ʔisʔuw \xe 'all that they brought her she ate herself.' \xv 18. lakʰan ʔisqisə lokayułʔuw ʔan tsxałpiʔi \xe 'when he sees what he is going to eat he gets or pounces on top of it.' \xv 19. wašətš ʔišup kaypi ki sʔəhə sulamʔuw \xe 'it is a good year and therefore there is a lot of food.' \xv 20. hesaʔanatʔamam ʔan ʔałtsuyuʔuw siʔuwas kaʔisandiya, kašaʔałhaputš, layəlaʔa tsʔuw \xe 'the raccoon likes to eat grapes, watermelon, meat, everything.' \xv 21. lokaʔəqəy ʔan musʔił tsʰa, ʔan tsʔił ʔismixəp, tsiyutiyək siqəpqəʔəp kikałʔiyaqisə lokaqəpqəʔəp sałʔuw \xe 'the hen has no teeth, but a gizzard and it contains stones and grinds its food fine.' \xv 22. lakəkš lokakšatiwə kałʔiyʔuw, yəlaʔa heʔisʔamamə lokašiyʔuwutš kaštep ʔan tšapuqštahay \xe 'they only bite my wife, all her body where the fleas bite her is slightly red.' \xv 23. kiyʔuwʔuw šitšotšonəʔəš ʔan kqisə ʔan tsʔił ʔisʰin tskonin, kikamukʔuwliloniʔiy kilokatsʔotsʔohoʔoy ʔan tsiyaxtšaqnitšum \xe 'we were eating fish and I noticed there were worms in them and I didn’t eat any more, but the other people ate them as a delicious thing.' \xv 25. tšiyutuxš hesulamʔuw \xe 'he is smelling the food.' \xn 'está oliendo la comida.' \sd food \sd common \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.584.2; 91.539.4-546.3; 94.253.1; Glutton24 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuwʔuw \ps v \ge eat.REDUP \ge bite.REDUP \de eat.REDUP; bite.REDUP \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \sd reduplications \dt 08/Nov/2011 \lx ʔuwʔuweneʔeš \ps n \ge things used.REDUP \ge things needed.REDUP \de things used.REDUP; things needed.REDUP \cf ʔuweneʔeš \ce things used; things needed \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwʔuwliloʔo \a uwʔuwliloʔo \va (uwʔuwliloʔo) \ps v \ge eat up.REDUP \ge eat completely.REDUP \de to eat up.REDUP; to eat completely.REDUP \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwas \ps n \ge grape \de grape \mr [] \xv 1. hesaʔanatʔamam ʔan ʔałtsuyuʔuw siʔuwas kaʔisandiya, kašaʔałhaputš; layəlaʔa tsʔuw \xe 'the raccoon likes to eat grapes, watermelon, meat, everything.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.343.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwe \ps v \ge need \de to need \cf ʔuweneʔeš \ce things used; things needed \xv 1. munalukʔuwe \xe 'I do not need it for anything.' \xv 2. munalukišʔuwe \xe 'we two do not need it.' \xv 3. nelupʔuwe lokapʔolototš \xe 'why do you need your quiver?' \xv 4. mupʔip lokaštə lyos simunalupʔuwe \xe 'do not take the name of the Lord in vain.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 91.547.1-548.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuweneʔeš \rd ʔuwʔuweneʔeš \ps n \ge things used \ge things needed \de things used; things needed \mr [<ʔuwe (need) + –n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \sy šunuwušaʔaš \cf ʔuwe \ce to need \xv 1. hesikʔuwuweneʔeš \xe 'the things I use.' \xv 2. lokašiyʔuwuweneʔeš \xe 'the things which they use (for doing their work or anything).' \xv 3. lokatsʔohtsʔohoʔoy kaʔuwʔuweneʔeš \xe 'the other things.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.548.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwlilo \a ʔuw̓lilo \a uwlilo \a ʔuwlilò \va (ʔuw̓lilo, uwlilo) \rd ʔuwʔuwliloʔo \ps v \ge eat up \ge eat completely \de to eat up; to eat completely \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \cf ʔuwliloʔo \ce to go smwh to eat \cf ʔuwlilonmu \ce where one eats \cf ʔuwlilonutš \ce to have eaten \cf suʔuwlilo \ce to feed \xv 1. hukilikʔe kuhukʔuwlilo \xe 'I am going to sit down while I eat.' \xv 2. kikanupan tštiyət kikasʔuwlilo \xe 'and he comes and eats him up.' \xv 3. tsiyʔuwlilo sitšotšonəʔəš \xe 'the fishes are eating him.' \xv 4. kaxiqšihitš (Ϟor kʔuwlilo, Ϟor kaxiqšihitš sikʔuwlilo) \xe 'I eat dinner.' \xv 5. kaʔaškoʔm šiʔišaw tsuwʔuwliloʔo \xe 'for ten days she dined every day.' \xv 6. kanawa skuʔum susʔuwlilo \xe 'when her mealtime arrived.' \xv 7. kašulapił kihukišnaʔał lokakʔap kihukišʔuwlilo \xe 'I invited you to my house to eat with me.' \xv 8. nełtšnehet kimupʔuwʔlilonwaš pi \xe 'why did you not eat?' \xv 9. lokaqunup ʔan tšmišmišwaš kinupan sʔuwlilo \xe 'the boy cried and after he ate.' \xv 10. lokaqunup ʔan tšmišmiš kahe tsʔuwʔuwlilo \xe 'the boy was crying while he was eating.' \xv 11. kasinowonəʔəš ʔisiyʔuwlilo ʔan tsimaqmaqutinaʔał \xe 'it it their custom to feast as they run along' (said of wolves eating cattle). \xv 12. lašinunašəši ʔisiyʔuwlilo, kilašiyušʰo hesiplatu musiyexe \xe 'the people are eating their meal like so many animals, they leave it on their plates, they do not eat it up clean.' \xv 13. kaʔaškom̓ šiʔišaw tsuwʔuwliloʔo kahe tsaqaqmiʔił soʔoxšoləš latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw \xe 'for ten days she kept feasting and drinking urine every day.' \xv 14. kiyʔuwʔuw šitšotšonəʔəš ʔan kqisə ʔan tsʔił ʔisʰin tskonin, kikamukʔuwliloniʔiy kilokatsʔotsʔohoʔoy ʔan tsiyaxtšaqnitšum \xe 'we were eating fish and I noticed there were worms in them and I didn’t eat any more, but the other people ate them as a delicious thing.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd common \lg TJPH; KO \rf 91.153.3, 548.4-552.4; Glutton82 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwliloʔo \ps v \ge go smwh to eat \ge eat, go smwh to \de to go smwh to eat \mr [<ʔuwlilo (eat up.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \xv 1. hukʔuwliloʔo \xe 'I am going over to another place to take a meal.' \xv 2. husiyʔuwliloʔo \xe 'they are going over there to eat.' \xv 3. kayukʔuwliloʔo lositsʔohoy siyʔap \xe 'I am going to eat in another house.' \sd verbs \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.555.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwlilonmu \ps n \ge where one eats \de where one eats \mr [<ʔuwlilo (eat up) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \xv 1. kʔuwe kasʔip kaʔiti kasʔuwlilonmu \xe 'but he said they eat here.' \sd places \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.553.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwlilonutš \ps v \ge eaten, have \de to have eaten \mr [<ʔuwlilo (eat up) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \xv 1. nełpʔuwlilonutš \xe 'where did you eat (your meal)?' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.553.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwmu \rd ʔumumuʔu \ps n \ge food \de food \ee This may refer to any type of food. \mr [<ʔuw (eat; bite) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \xv 1. lokakʔuwmu \xe 'my food.' \xv 2. kiyʔuwmu \xe 'our food.' \xv 3. nełtsaqniʔip hesuʔuwmu \xe 'how does this food taste?' \xv 4. no ʔan kušwił pakpakeʔet yəlaʔa lokuʔuwmu \xe 'I served or dealt out all the food to the people at the table.' \xv 5. lokakiyʔuwmu lokapaliklikšiyuw latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw ʔan ikšiyuw kəpə hešiʔišaw \xe 'give us today our daily bread.' \xv 6. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔuwmu \xe 'edible bird.' \sd common \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.53; 91.554.1-555.3; 94.394.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwš \ps v \ge sting \de to sting \mr [<ʔuw (eat; bite) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \xv 1. tšiyʔuwš sinawa siyułtʔuł \xe 'they sting people when they are angry.' \xv 2. kałtsʔə ʔišiyʔuwš, kilokaʔawexa ʔan mulasutsʔəʔəʔə \xe 'it stings worse than the bee.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.555.4-556.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwutš \ps v \ge bitten, be \de to be bitten \mr [<ʔuw (eat; bite) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \xv 1. lakəkš lokakšatiwə kałʔiyʔuw, yəlaʔa heʔisʔamamə lokašiyʔuwutš kaštep ʔan tšapuqštahay \xe 'they only bite my wife, all her body where the fleas bite her is slightly red.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.556.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuw̓lilo \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \sd variations \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔuxmałhinaʔaš \ps n \ge washboard \de washboard \mr [] \cf uxmałhin \ce to wash smth \xv 1. latšə sikqisə heʔismaʔam lokakʔuxmałhinaʔaš siʔitʔepeš \xe 'I continually see a snake under my washboard.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.408.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuxmałtapəʔəš \ps n \ge ramrod \de ramrod \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uxmalh- (pushing/pulling motion) + tap (visit; enter (the residence of)) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf uxmałtap \ce to poke or ram (as with a stick) \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.409.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuxpaʔaš \ps n \ge otter \de otter \xv 1. tspax ʔi ʔuxpaʔàš \xe 'otter skin.' \xv 2. lokaʔuxpaʔàš ʔan tšʔołpòš \xe 'the otter is very alert, looks around all the time.' \xv 3. nayišiyaqʰšanì loʔkaʔuxpaʔàš kəpə heʔiskiyałkumpiʔì \xe 'the otters are all gone now [in the present day].' \xv 4. loʔkaʔuxpaʔàš ʔan loʔisʔəł kasʔił ʔisʔustapʰ kikałtsunuwus ʔisaqiwəwə, kiloʔispu ʔan musʔił tsuštap \xe 'the otter has its hind legs webbed and it uses them to swim with, its front legs are not webbed.' \xv 5. tšnunàʔàł loʔkatałhəw tštekełhem̓ laʔkʰan ʔispakeʔèt kišiʔiškom̓ ʔitałhəw ʔan tštoqʔololì pakeʔet kaloʔkatsʔohoy pakeʔet ʔismotʔò \xe 'it carries its offspring in its arms, one of the two offspring it carries under the arm, the other it carries on the other side.' \xv 6. loʔkatšumàš ʔan tšiyuštewè šuʔuxpaʔàš, kiloʔkaʔiʔatʔap miluk kałʔisəpuswu ʔisiwəł tsisunuwus ʔišukowowonəʔə̀š \xe 'the Chumash (islanders) used to harpoon the otter, but the mainland Indians taught them to shoot them with arrows.' \xv 7. kisutoqʔop kisʔip loʔkaʔałtšuwaškumeł, "ya hukʔinikʔóyi ʔiyuštap napiyətuw kiwə lo ka šakʰtinay̓utš ʔan laʔkʰan ʔaluliʔìš sinawa šnikʔoyi loʔkaʔuxpaʔàš" \xe 'and it dives and the helmsman says, “we will turn back and paddle strongly from which we came, for the otter always takes the same path when it returns.” ' \sd mammals \sd animals \sd water \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.839.1-849.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuxpuyaʔaš \ps n \ge blowhole \ge instrument for sprinkling floor \de blowhole; instrument for sprinkling floor \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ux- () + puyh (dew) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf puy \ce dew \cf uxpuy \ce to blow water; to spout \sd animals \sd anatomy \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.415.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuxstu \a ʔuxštu \va (ʔuxštu) \ps v \ge deaf, be \de to be deaf \mr [<ʔuqš- () + tu (ear)>] \et *VqVStu (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI ʼukuštu ‘to be deaf,’ INZ ʼuqštu ‘to be deaf,’ OBI q/kšištu ‘to be deaf (Klar 1977: 81) \cf ʔaluqštu \ce deaf person \cf kʔitʔuqštu \ce to be slightly deaf \cf tu1 \ce ear \xv 1. kʔuxstu lamitʔi \xe 'I am a little deaf.' \xv 2. axakšit ʔapʔuxštu, ʔaloxmoy \xe 'give me some of your food lest you become deaf, stingy one.' \xv 3. lokakʔałʔuxstuʔuʔu ki pi ʔan lamitʔi sipʔúxstu \xe 'I am much more deaf than you.' \sd descriptions \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd senses \sd health \lg JPH \rf 91.225.3, 410.2-4; 94.369.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuxšaʔaš \ps n \ge smell \de smell \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uxš (stink; smell bad; smell strongly) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf uxš \ce to stink; to smell bad; to smell strongly \xv 1. tštšʔə ʔišʔuxšaʔaš \xe 'it has a strong smell.' \xv 2. musʔił tšʔuxšaʔaš \xe 'it does not smell like anything.' \xv 3. laxuʔałtołmow ʔišʔuxšaʔaš \xe 'it smells rotten.' \xv 4. pi ʔan paxneqpeyus ʔišʔuxšaʔaš šaʔałtšošoy \xe 'you smell like a black one.' \xv 5. heʔišʔuxšaʔaš ʔan laxulasapiteqpey \xe 'it seems from the odor, that the mush is burning on the bottom.' \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.418.1-419.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuxštu \cf ʔuxstu \ce to be deaf \sd variations \dt 03/Jan/2011 \lx ʔuxtšʔəkəʔəš \ps n \ge spittoon \de spittoon \gn escupidera \dn escupidera \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uxtšʔək (spit) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf uxtšʔək \ce to spit \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.422.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuxtšʔəkəš \ps n \ge spit (not in mouth) \de spit (not in mouth) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uxtšʔək (spit) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf moxloləš \ce phlegm (already spat out) \cf uxtšʔək \ce to spit \xv 1. musʔił tšʔuxtšʔək \xe 'he doesn’t have any saliva (presumably translating as ‘he doesn’t have any silva to leave spit out’).' \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.420.4, 222.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx a- \ps vpre \de -meaning uncertain- \ee Status as a manner prefix is uncertain. \cf ʔaquntukaš \ce smth knotted \cf akałhaha \ce to be gaping \cf akuhu \ce to be many people \cf akuškuy \ce to aim \cf apisaqałhaha \ce to open by means of hot water \sd manner \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx -a \ps vsuf \ge TAG \ge tag question verbal suffix \de tag question verbal suffix \ee This suffix forms a yes/no question. Glossed as TAG. \xv 1. mupšuyiwəšita ? \xe 'don't you want to accompany me?' \xv 2. sikpu \xe 'my hand.' \xv 3. sikpua ? \xe 'my hand, don't you know?' \xv 4. huki lupʔalsutiyək ? ; lokakʔušem̓a ? \xe 'in what shall you throw it?' ; 'in my jug, shaln't I?' \xv 5. hukwəla ? \xe 'I am going to shoot, don’t you know?' \xv 6. tsʔił sikpexša ? \xe 'I have pus, don't you know?' \xv 7. tsiyiwona sixwetet ? \xe 'the frogs are singing, don’t you know?' \xv 8. lakʔu tsamipa \xe 'I believe they pounded it.' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd voice \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.401.3; 91.528.3, 669.1; 92.4.1; Greetings11 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ahaʔaš \a ahaš \va (ahaš-) \ps v \ge reach \de to reach \gn alcanzar \dn alcanzar \ee Harrington notes that one cannot say 'ͽno ͽʔan ͽkahaš' or 'ͽno ͽʔan ͽkahašiʔiy,' have to say 'ͽkahašliniʔiy,' I reached there a second time. \sy kumli \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ahašli \pde to catch up with.DIR; to reach for smth.DIR \pdl v \pdv ahašlinʔiy \pde to catch up with.DIR.REP; to reach for smth.DIR.REP \pdl v \pdv ahaštiʔiy \pde to catch up with.CIS; to reach for smth.CIS \pdl v \pdv ahaštiʔiyniʔiy \pde to catch up with.CIS.REP; to reach for smth.CIS.REP \cf šahašiʔi \ce to ask for \xv 1. mukahaʔaš sukuškikš \xe 'I cannot reach the place that itches.' \xv 2. mušahašli \xe 'he went to some place and did not arrive.' \xv 3. no ʔan kahašli \xe 'I arrived.' \xv 4. no ʔan mukahašli \xe 'I did not arrive.' \xv 5. mušahaštiʔiy \xe 'he did not reach here.' \xv 6. tšahaštiʔiyniʔiy \xe 'he arrived here again.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.8; 92.5.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx akałhaha \ps v \ge gaping, be \de to be gaping \mr [] \cf apisaqałhaha \ce to open by means of hot water \cf kʔiłtsakałhaha \ce to open (one's mouth) only a little \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \cf susʰakałhaha \ce to open smn’s mouth wide \xv 1. tsakałhahá hesikʰkamisa muštiméšeš \xe 'my shirt is open, gaping' (it is not closed). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.11.1; 92.8.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx akanhinu \ps n \ge relative \de relative \ee Humaliwo dialect. \xv 1. kakanhinu \xe 'my relative.' \xv 2. tsakanhinu \xe 'his relative.' \sd verbs \sd kinship \sd dialects \lg JPH \rf 88.270.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx akslakay \cf aqšlakay \ce to be an open narrow space; to open from one side to another \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx akšikʔə \ps v \ge itch \ge have an itch \de to itch; to have an itch \xv 1. kakšikʔə hesiktiwis \xe 'my anus itches.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd common \sd health \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 89.12.2; 92.9.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aktaxʔuyi \a aktaxauyì \a aqtaxʔuyi \va (aqtaxʔuyi) \ps v \ge return to consciousness \ge come to consciousness again \de to return; to come to consciousness again \xv 1. tsaktaxʔuyi \xe 'he came to consciousness again.' \xv 2. kaqtaxʔuyi \xe 'I came to myself again (after fainting or dying).' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH \rf 89.12.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aktenhesi \ps v \ge blow (through the nose) \de to blow (through the nose) \mr [] \cf enhes \ce breath; spirit; pulse \xv 1. no ʔan kʰqisə si penew ʔitsupapʰ lokaštałhəw, tsuwesmes heʔišni, šnutoqʔop loʔkašʰtete kapenew kikaskek kasakʰtenhesi kaloʔkatštałhəw ʔan tsakʰtenhesi \xe 'I saw a seal/sealion put her young one on her back, she put it across her nape, the mother seal/sealion dove and she emerges and blows and the young one blows.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.901.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx akti- \a akt- \a aqʰt- \a aqʰti- \va (akt-, aqt-, aqti-) \ps vpre \ge VEN \ge venitive verbal prefix \de venitive verbal prefix \ee This prefix indicates motion to or toward. Glossed as VEN. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI -akti- ⁓ -akt- ‘of movement towards the speaker; hither,’ INZ akti- ‘coming toward, motion toward the speaker or point of reference’ (Beeler, Topics, 11; SYBCI 2007: 32) \cf alaqtinəpə \ce to draw water out of \cf aktaxʔuyi \ce to return; to come to consciousness again \cf aktenhesi \ce to blow (through the nose) \cf aktik \ce to come to get \cf aktitowš \ce to come to fight \cf aktiwaya \ce to float this way; to fly this way \cf aktiwəš \ce to come and visit \cf aktuliʔiš \ce to come to take \cf aqtinaʔay \ce to come from \cf aqtiqisə \ce to come to see \cf aqtuniyəw \ce to come to look for; to come to search for \cf aqtuštəł \ce to catch up with \cf laktina \ce to grow towards \cf šaktinaʔay \ce to come from \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx aktik \ps v \ge come to get \de to come to get \mr [] \xv 1. munaməʔək ʔištapinwaš kiskuʔum lokaštete ʔalaktik šiʔixpanəš. \xe 'her mother came short to fetch some acorns.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg TJPH \rf Glutton118 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aktisuxəpʰə \ps v \ge come to pave \de to come to pave \mr [] \cf suxəpʰə \ce to pave \cf xəp \ce stone \cf xəpʰə \ce to be rocky; to be stoney \rf Pico 1888: 35 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aktitowš \ps v \ge come to fight \de to come to fight \mr [] \cf towš \ce to fight \xv 1. tsaktitowš \xe 'it comes to fight it.' \xv 2. lošaʔatʔaxatš sałyət hušištowšiyuw \xe 'that man is coming over here to fight us.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.13.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aktiwaya \ps v \ge float this way \ge fly this way \de to float this way; to fly this way \ee May refer to the flight of a bird. \mr [] \cf akti- \ce venitive verbal prefix \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. tsaktiwaya \xe 'it comes on top of the wave.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.13.3; 92.12.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aktiwəš \ph ɑkʰtɪwǝʃ \a akʰtiwəš \ps vt \ge come and visit \de to come and visit \mr [] \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \cf tiwəš \ce to be with; to live with \xv 1. ʔiyakʰtiwəšiyuw ! \xe 'come to visit us at our house!' \xv 2. no ʔan hukakʰtiwəšił \xe 'I am coming to your house.' \xv 3. akʰtiwəšit ! \xe 'come and visit me!' \xv 4. kihuʔamaktiwəšiyuw \xe 'they are going to come to our house.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.101.4-102.1; 92.81.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aktuliʔiš \ps v \ge come to take \de to come to take \mr [] \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. no ʔan kaktuliʔiš \xe 'I came and took this.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʰnaʔał kikuliʔiš \xe 'I went and took this.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg TJPH \rf 89.102.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx akuhu \ps v \ge many people, be \ge people, be many \de to be many people \mr [] \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \xv 1. tsiyakuhu ʔi šukepeš (Ϟor ʔəhə ʔi šukepeš) \xe 'many baptized ones.' \xv 2. tsiyakuhu siku \xe 'there are lots of people.' \xv 3. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə siqʰaq kikəpə ʔan neʔesiyakuhu sikukuʔu kaypi kineʔemusʔił \xe 'there used to be antelopes here but there are too many people and therefore there are none now.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.13-15.1, 584.3; 92.12.2 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx akuskuy \cf akuškuy \ce to aim \sd variations \dt 12/Nov/2011 \lx akuškuy \a akuskuy \va (akuskuy-) \ps v \ge aim \de to aim \mr [] \cf uškuy \ce to point at; to pertain to \xv hukakuskuyus heʔištəʔəniwáš \xe 'I am going to aim at this dog with an arrow.' \sd hunting \sd food \sd verbs \sd archery \lg JPH \rf 89.15.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx al- \a ał- \a el- \va (ał-, el-) \ps vpre \ge stative verbal prefix \ge STAT \de stative verbal prefix \ee Glossed as STAT. \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \cf ʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \ce thankful one \cf ʔalałpay \ce up; upper part; height; heaven \cf ʔaliwałqlay \ce salamander larva; newt \cf ʔan1 \ce I. focus particle II. dependent particle \cf ʔutałtə \ce to be enemy of \cf alaqkuʔum \ce to be grateful towards smn \cf alaqtinəpə \ce to draw water out of \cf alaqwaʔay \ce to be ready (to fight, etc); to get along all right (such as happens in a good house with plenty of food); to be well-fixed in a good house; to build/do smth well (or poorly with ͽ-mu); to settle; to get one’s way \cf alaqwaywu \ce to fix smth; to adjust smth; to make ready \cf alasʰuna \ce commandment \cf alatəšwətš \ce to dream for some time \cf alilikʔe \ce to be sitting (smwh) \cf ałnetpi \ce to happen to \cf ałpali \ce to walk along (smth narrow) \cf ałpinli \ce to go along the beach/shore \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \cf aluliʔiš \ce to cling to \cf aluqtiyəw \ce to lack; to need \cf alušiʔik \ce pain \cf aluškʔəy \ce to move about in one place \cf alušqałtš \ce to be open (as a door or pot without a lid) \cf aluštʔey \ce to be busy \cf alutikuy \ce to face in a direction \cf ałwalinaʔał \ce to go before \cf ałwašəʔəʔətš \ce to be better than \cf ałwelexš \ce to endure smth \cf aqutałtə \ce to be glottalized (as is said of certain features of Ventureño) \cf axtałpinli \ce to run along the ocean shore \cf eleqpeyus \ce to taste like \cf ełkʔewli \ce to go along the edge of \cf iwałnapay \ce to spring out of the water onto the ground \cf iwałqlay \ce to be smooth \cf iwałtapi \ce to come into from out of \cf iwałtə \ce to chase smth out \cf iwałtšaqša \ce to be sad at heart; to be dead tired \cf iwałyam \ce to slide down \cf iwołxoyoyo \ce to begin to fly \cf matisalaqwaʔay \ce to fix first \cf qalałpaš \ce to be bunched up loosely; to be folded up \cf qalałpay \ce to gather smth up (as a sheet or handkerchief) \cf siwałkitwo \ce to throw out \cf siwałnapay \ce to seize something in the water and throw it on the ground \cf siwałqlay \ce to make smooth \cf siwałtapi \ce to throw on/in \cf siwałyam \ce to throw smth down \cf šaluškʔəy \ce to cause to move \cf šiwałqlayəʔəš \ce smoothing instrument \cf šiwałyam \ce to throw over \cf šiwełmešeʔeš \ce shuttle (for weaving) \cf šulałtapi \ce to toss into \cf šuqalałpašʰəši \ce to curl up on oneself; to bunch up \cf šušałkitwo \ce to throw 2+ things out of smth \cf šušałtapi \ce to throw 2+ items into \cf tsʔaqutałtə \ce neck of a flint blade; fly trap \cf tšʰatʔap \ce ocean debris (foam, dead fish, etc.) \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd stative \lg TJPH \dt 01/Oct/2019 \lx ał- \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \sd variations \dt 11/May/2011 \lx alʔal- \cf ʔałʔal- \ce agentivizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ala- \cf ali- \ce of night; having to do with night; at night \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alakuʔum \cf alaqkuʔum \ce to be grateful towards smn \sd variations \dt 11/Mar/2018 \lx alalaxwuy \ps v \ge wake up at night (early morning).REDUP \de to wake up at night (early morning).REDUP \cf alaxwuy \ce to wake up at night (early morning) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alałpay \cf ʔalałpay \ce up; upper part; height; heaven \sd variations \dt 11/Mar/2018 \lx alałpu \ps n \ge mackerel (species) \de mackerel (species) \cf ləšəł \ce mackerel (species) \cf muhun̓ \ce mackerel (species) \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.31.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alapəti \ps v \ge climb up at night \de to climb up at night \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \cf unapəti \ce to go up in the daytime \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.162 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alaqkuʔum \a alaqkuʔùm \a alakuʔum \ph ˀɑlɑqʰkʊˀʊm \va (alakuʔum) \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \ce thankful one \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \se I \ps v \ge do a favor for \de to do a favor for \xv 1. kalaqʰkuʔum \xe 'I do him a favor.' \se II \ps vt \ge grateful towards, be \de to be grateful towards smn \ee Note the (probably obligatory) use of the personal pronominal suffix. \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv alaqkuʔumšaši \pde to be grateful towards smn.REFL.CPLV \xv 1. kalaqkumuʔus \xe 'I was grateful to him.' \xv 2. no ʔan kalaqʰkumiʔił \xe 'I am grateful to you.' \xv 4. maʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \xe 'he is not thankful' (if you do him a favor). \xv 5. kalaqkumiʔił hesipnikʔətit \xe 'I thank you that you brought me here in your buggy.' \xv 6. kanawa šišalaqkuʔùmšaší ki hešišalutikʔúy ʔatʔapliʔìš kinupan tšiškinomoy ki hešišalutikʔuy ʔalkulùł \xe 'when they found each other in good form, they turned their faces east and then they turned themselves around and turned themselves west.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd phrases \sd manners \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.139.2-3; Greetings4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alaqtinəpə \ps v \ge draw water out of \de to draw water out of \mr [] \cf nəpəʔə \ce to bring water \xv 1. xiliwasənitʰ ! suʔkałnetpi ʔan kalaqʰtinəpə loʔkašoxšəł manesał \xe 'look at me well! that which I am going to do is removing water.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Prayer3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alaqtpələlə \ps n \ge Serrano (people) \de Serrano (people) \ee The Serranos used to come down to the fiestas at Ventura and old Ventureño will know this tribe name. \mr [] \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 88.276.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alaqwaʔay \a ʔalaqwaʔay \a alaqwaʔày \a alaqʰwaʔay \a alaqʰwaʔày \a ʔalaqʰwaʔay \a alaqʰwai \a alaqwaʔày \ps v \ge ready, be \ge get along all right \ge well-fixed in a good house, be \ge build/do smth well \ge settle \ge get one’s way \de to be ready (to fight, etc); to get along all right (such as happens in a good house with plenty of food); to be well-fixed in a good house; to build/do smth well (or poorly with ͽ-mu); to settle; to get one’s way \mr [] \cf aqwaʔay \ce to be/go on the mark; to hit (on) the mark \cf alaqwaywu \ce to fix smth; to adjust smth; to make ready \cf matisalaqwaʔay \ce to fix first \cf salaqwaʔay \ce to fix smth; to form; to make ready; to refine \xv 1. husalaqwaʔay \xe 'that he gets ready in advance for an emergency' (as we should do now). \xv 2. no ʔan kalaqwaʔay \xe 'I am well' (well-fixed, good house to live in here and everything). \xv 3. tsalaqwaʔay \xe 'he is getting along all right.' \xv 4. tsalaqwaʔay ʔisilikʔe \xe 'he is well-fixed at home.' \xv 5. mukalaqwaʔay \xe 'I am not well.' \xv 6. muhusalaqwaʔay hałtšnałpiʔi hesimuwu \xe 'it will not well-ride the sea.' \xv 7. tseqweł ʔispat ʔan musalaqwaʔay \xe 'it makes its nest poorly.' \xv 8. tsʔipus lokašʰatiwə, “mupʔałxuxa, kanawa huskumi ʔan pʔipus, ‘hukiwišił,’ ipus ‘munakalaqwaʔay,’ kihustapi” \xe 'his wife said to him, "don’t be a coward, when he arrives tell him, ‘I will go along with you,’ tell him, ‘I am not yet ready,’ ask him to come inside.' " \sd verbs \sd common \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.141.1-143.2; Daughter23 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alaqwaywu \ps vt \ge fix smth \ge adjust smth \ge make ready \de to fix smth; to adjust smth; to make ready \ee Notice the use of the (probably obligatory) object suffix. The transitive use of this verb differs somewhat from the stative use. \mr [] \cf alaqwaʔay \ce to be ready (to fight, etc); to get along all right (such as happens in a good house with plenty of food); to be well-fixed in a good house; to build/do smth well (or poorly with ͽ-mu); to settle; to get one’s way \xv 1. kikalaqwaywu \xe 'I fix or adjust them.' \sd common \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.143.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx alasʰuna \ps n \ge commandment \de commandment \mr [] \cf asʰuna \ce to command smn \xv 1. hešałkaʔaškom̓ kalasʰuna lyos ʔan ʔiyʔałtšaqšiłtšaši maʔam sałʔiškom̓: hupitaqyəwus kihupsuyuwaha lyos, kihupsuyuwaha lokatsʔohoy kaku kʰan tšnahet pi \xe 'these ten Commandments are contained in two: to serve and to love God over all the things, and to love your neighbor as you [love] yourself.' \sd neologisms \sd religion \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alašəʔəš \cf ʔałhašəʔəš \ce language; word \sd variations \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alaškətš \ps v \ge sit on a mat or bedding on the floor \de to sit on a mat or bedding on the floor \xv 1. tšalaškətš \xe 'he is sitting on a mat on the floor.' \xv 2. hukalaškətš \xe 'I am going to sit on... .' \xv 3. tšiyalaškətš \xe 'they are sitting or lying on a spread petate.' \xv 4. tšiyʔašitš \xe 'they are sitting or lying on a spread petate.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.171.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alatəšwətš \ps v \ge dream for some time \de to dream for some time \mr [] \cf ʔatəšwə \ce herb; dream; hope; charm; talisman \cf ʔatəšwətš \ce to dream \xv 1. kišalatəšwətš lokakišwopowaš \xe 'we dreamed of our grandfather.' \xv 2. kay ʔan tšalatəšwətš \xe 'he slept.' \sd body \sd verbs \rf JPH; TJPH \rf 3.82.32.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alaxinaʔał \ps n \ge dancer \de dancer \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + axi- (ϡinstrϡ.punctual.) + naʔal (go)>] \cf axinaʔał \ce to dance \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \sd culture \sd people \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.164 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alaxsumu \a ʔalaxsumu \va (ʔalaxsumu) \ps n \ge suffer \de to suffer \ee As is said of a man who is sick. \xv 1. tsalaxsumu \xe 'this sufferer.' \xv 2. pi ʔan mukapeqweł kikalaxsumu, kʔuwe tsʔił šikalušiʔik pikapeqweł \xe 'you have not caused my suffering, but I have suffered much because of you.' \xv 3. tsalaxsumu heʔismaʔam lokaʔalašʰunatš Ponsio Pilato \xe 'suffered under the power of Poncius Pilate.' \xv 4. kasiʔalaxsumu musʔił ʔaltsukitwonwu \xe 'they suffered greatly, no one was present to take them out.' \sd body \sd people \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.165.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alaxwitš \ps v \ge cover with a blanket \de to cover with a blanket \mr [] \cf axwi \ce to be covered \cf axwitš \ce to wear clothes; to be covered with a blanket (not in bed) \xv 1. hukalaxwitš \xe 'I am going to put the blankets over me when I lie down to sleep.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxwitš \xe 'I am covered with a blanket.' \sd household \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.169.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alaxwitšaš \ps v \ge cover oneself with a blanket \de to cover oneself with a blanket \mr [] \cf axwi \ce to be covered \xv 1. alaxwitšaš \xe 'cover yourself up or over again with the blankets' (said to a man in the night when he kicks the blankets off his bed). \sd common \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.169.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alaxwuy \rd alalaxwuy \a ʔalaxwui \ps v \ge wake up at night (early morning) \de to wake up at night (early morning) \mr [] \xv 1. kalalaxwuy \xe 'I wake up in the night.' \xv 2. wašnaxyət nawaʔaʔay kihukalaxwuy \xe 'tomorrow early I am going to wake up.' \xv 3. husʔalaxwuy \xe he is going to wake up! \xv 4. ʔalaxwúy ! ʔalaxwúy ! \xe 'wake up! wake up!' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.169.4; 92.129.1; Coyo94 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx alaxʔuy \ps v \ge wake up \de to wake up \xv 1. alaxʔuy ! \xe 'wake up!' \xv 2. tsalaxʔuy \xe 'he woke up.' \xv 3. neʔekalaxʔuy \xe 'I woke up.' \xv 4. tsalitax, neʔesiqsihi kisalaxʔuy \xe 'he slept in the daytime and it was nerely noon when he awoke.' \xv 5. mukasəwus kimuhusalaxwe \xe 'I did not speak to him so he would not wake up.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \sd routine \lg JPH \rf 89.166.3-167.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alewsa \cf ʔalewsa \ce to play peon \sd variations \dt 22/Feb/2011 \lx alexlele \a lexlele \va (lexlele) \ps n \ge ?swan (?species) \de ?swan (?species) \ee Harrington questions whether this translation is ‘swan.’ The Spanish translation is ‘guadalupe’ \mr [] \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.517.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx aləʔəł \ps n \ge one at the feet of \de one at the feet of \ee Harringon notes ͽkaləʔəł alone does not mean anything. \mr [] \cf ʔəł \ce foot/leg \xv 1. lokaqʔanwa ʔan tsalotoyi heʔisaləʔəł lokašmamawaš \xe 'the little girl is lying at the feet of her grandmother.' \sd body \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.176.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aləʔəłpi \ps v \ge lie with one’s feet towards \de to lie with one’s feet towards \ee The morphology of this word is uncertain. \mr [] \cf ʔəł \ce foot/leg \xv 1. kałəʔəłpi hesinə \xe 'I had my feet to the fire.' \xv 2. kalimətpi hesinə \xe 'I had my back to the fire.' \xv 3. no ʔan kaləʔəłpi \xe 'I have my feet by the box when lying.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.176.2, 195.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ałhaš \a ałhàš \a ałhaʔaš \ps v \ge speak \ge talk \ge gossip \de to speak; to talk; to gossip \ee It seems this can be both transitive and instransitive. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kalaš ‘to breathe,’ INZ kalaš ‘to breathe,’ OBI qstʸełha ‘to breathe’ (Klar 1977: 29) \cf ʔałhašəʔəš \ce language; word \cf ʔałtšuyałhašlaš \ce gossip; great talker; smn who speaks much \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \cf ałhašlaš \ce to speak (of) \cf ašəw \ce to speak to; to speak with \cf enhes \ce breath; spirit; pulse \cf kʔitʔałhaš \ce to speak low; to whisper \cf maʔałtsuyałhaš \ce quiet person; one who does not speak much \cf suyałhaš \ce to want to talk \xv 1. šałhaš \xe 'he talks' (said of the owl). \xv 2. kišałhašlàš \xe 'we two are talking.' \xv 3. no ʔan ksuyałhaš \xe 'I want to talk.' \xv 4. ʔinapałhaš ! \xe 'do not talk!' \xv 5. no ʔan kałhaš \xe 'I talk.' \xv 6. mupšuyałhaš hałlapxuyuw ! \xe 'do not speak any lies!' \xn 'no digas ninguna mentira!' \xv 7. tšiyaqutišətš heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan tšaqwin hesimusiyałhaš \xe 'the dogs are smart, the only thing they lack is that they do not talk.' \xv 8. kinełtšnehet kimupušʰo lušałhaš ? \xe 'why did you not let him talk?' \xv 9. mupxuyuwit, ʔałhaš wašəʔəʔə̀tš \xe 'do not lie to me, talk pure truth!' \xv 10. tsʰumitmitʔiʔin ʔišałhaš \xe 'he uses consonant diminutivism.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd common \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.177; 182.1-184.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ałhašlaš \ps v \ge speak (of) \de to speak (of) \ee Harrington translates this verb with progressive meaning. \mr [] \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \xv 1. no ʔan kałhašlaš \xe 'I am speaking.' \xv 2. no ʔan kałhašlaš \xe 'I gave special attention to this' (I am speaking). \xv 3. pi ʔan pałhašlaš \xe 'you are speaking.' \xv 4. kay ʔan šałhašlaš \xe 'he is speaking.' \xv 5. no ʔan hukałhaš \xe 'I am going to speak.' \xv 6. tšampošʰotš lokatiyepeš (Ϟor ʔisiʔałhašlaš) \xe 'what they are talking about they all know very quickly.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.187.2-188.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -ałhəw- \ps vroot \ge go across \de to go across \cf ałhəwli \ce to move across a slope \cf axtałhəwli \ce to move quickly across the slope of a hill \cf sinaxałhəw \ce to put up across \cf šašlałhəw \ce to undermine \cf wayałhəwli \ce to move across a slope slowly \sd vroots \sd roots \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ałhəwli \ps v \ge move across a slope \de to move across a slope \mr [] \cf axtałhəwli \ce to move quickly across the slope of a hill \cf wayałhəwli \ce to move across a slope slowly \xv 1. tsałhəwli \xe 'he is going across the slope' (he does not go straight up [the hill]). \xv 2. kałhəwli \xe 'I go across the slope.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.189.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ałhiwiłpi \ps v \ge born of, be \de to be born of \mr [] \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.320.2/Xutaš7 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ali- \a ala- \va (ala-) \ps vpre \ge of night \ge night, of \ge INSTR.night \de of night; having to do with night; at night \ee This prefix is also used to refer to situations associated with sleeping: lying down, being in bed, bedding, and, in the case of alisuwaya, alimətpi, and alinowo, would seem to have been extended further to indicate situations involving merely the back or the back in an extended form (but not necessarily in a lying down position). Glossed as INSTR.night. \cf ʔalaxwi \ce bed blanket \cf ʔalaxwimu \ce where blankets are kept \cf ʔalikukuy̓ \ce pillow \cf alapəti \ce to climb up at night \cf alaxwitš \ce to cover with a blanket \cf alaxwitšaš \ce to cover oneself with a blanket \cf alaxwuy \ce to wake up at night (early morning) \cf alaxʔuy \ce to wake up \cf aləʔəł \ce one at the feet of \cf alikinomnomoy \ce to toss and turn in bed \cf alikinomoy \ce to turn over (as in bed) \cf alikowowo \ce to be lying on one's side \cf alikusaxpi \ce to lie with the forehead on \cf alikuta \ce to wake up at night \cf alikuwewetš \ce to be lying down piled up \cf alimayəʔə \ce to be crepuscular (?nocturnal); to sleep during the day and not wake up till the afternoon \cf alimətpi \ce to have one's back to \cf alinaʔał \ce to go out at night \cf alinałnaʔał \ce to go wandering about at night \cf alinaxyəʔət \ce to last the whole night \cf alinikʰət \ce to bring at night; to bring in the night time \cf aliqisqisə \ce ?to lie down looking on \cf aliqšihitš \ce to sleep during the day \cf aliqʔom \ce to be doubled up lying down \cf alisuwaya \ce to raise smth \cf alisuyułnałnaʔał \ce to frown at many at night \cf alitəq \ce to happen directly to smn \cf alitəqitš \ce to lie down with eyes open \cf alitiwispi \ce to stand with one’s buttocks toward \cf alitowš \ce to war at night \cf alitʰax \ce to sleep in the morning \cf alitsʔiyət \ce to lie down with one’s buttocks up \cf alitšwe \ce to have sex with; to fornicate with \cf aliwakʔay \ce to lie on top of smth \cf aliwaya \ce to hang limp (as a flag from a pole when there is no wind); to hang (as a bat on a tree) \cf aliwesmes \ce to lie in a crosswise position \cf aliwəyə \ce to lie down with one’s head to one side; to turn one’s head from side to side \cf aliwotoqloʔop \ce to lie face down \cf alixʔox \ce to snore \cf aliyeqe \ce to be mouth/face up \cf aliyexexe \ce to be on one's back \cf aliyəwəš \ce head of bed \cf aliyəwəšpi \ce to lie with one’s head towards \cf aliyuxmeʔe \ce to lie with one's legs sticking straight out \cf alotoyi \ce to lie at; to be at \cf aluʔułyiʔin \ce to lie long; to stand long \cf aqtaliyexexe \ce to fall over of one’s own accord \cf salitsʔiyət \ce to put smn’s buttocks in the air \cf suyalinaxyət \ce to be going to be dawn \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd chronometry \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alikinomnomoy \ps v \ge toss and turn in bed \de to toss and turn in bed \mr [] \cf alikinomoy \ce to turn over (as in bed) \cf kinomoy \ce to turn around \xv 1. tsalikinomnomoy hesuʔułkuʔuw \xe 'he was tossing from one side to the other last night.' \xv 2. tsalikinomoy \xe 'he turned over in bed.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.195.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alikinomoy \rd alikinomnomoy \ps v \ge turn over (as in bed) \de to turn over (as in bed) \mr [] \cf alikinomnomoy \ce to toss and turn in bed \cf kinomoy \ce to turn around \xv 1. tsalikinomoy \xe 'he turned over in bed.' \xv 2. tsalikinomnomoy hesuʔułkuʔuw \xe 'he was tossing from one side to the other last night.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.195.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alikowowo \ps v \ge lying on one's side, be \de to be lying on one's side \ee Can be said of animate and inanimate objects. \mr [] \sy aloʔoyi \cf kowowo \ce to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \cf salikowowo \ce to put lying on one's side; to bevel \xv 1. tsalikowowo \xe 'it is on one side.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.195; 90.9.4; 235.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alikusaxpi \ps v \ge lie with the forehead on \de to lie with the forehead on \mr [] \cf kusax \ce forehead \xv 1. tsalikusaxpinwu loʔispupuʔu \xe 'he is lying with his forehead resting on his hands.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.197.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alikuta \ps v \ge wake up at night \de to wake up at night \mr [] \cf kuta \ce to get up; to slope up \cf unikuta \ce to wake up very early \xv 1. kalikuta \xe 'I woke up at night.' \xv 2. kunikuta \xe 'I woke up very early.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.197.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alikuwewetš \ps v \ge lying down piled up, be \de to be lying down piled up \mr [] \cf ikuwewe \ce to pile one thing on top of another \cf ikuwewetš \ce to be piled one on top of another \cf we \ce to sleep \sd verbs \sd stative \sd manner \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.197.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alilay \ps v \ge hatched, be \de to be hatched \xv 1. tsalilay \xe 'it is hatched' (said of young bird). \sd animals \sd verbs \sd stative \sd birds \sd reptiles \lg JPH \rf 89.198.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alilikʔe \ps v \ge sitting (smwh), be \de to be sitting (smwh) \ee Presumably, this would indicate sitting or remaining somewhere for an extended period or time (or over an extended period of time). \mr [] \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \xv 1. tsalilikʔe \xe 'he was sitting.' \xv 2. salilikʔe loʔismitəpə ʔisʔap \xe 'it was at the door of its hole' (said of squirrel). \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH \rf 89.199.1; 92.740.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alimayəʔə \ps v \ge crepuscular (?nocturnal), be \de to be crepuscular (?nocturnal); to sleep during the day and not wake up till the afternoon \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \xv 1. tštapi heʔištšʔeqtšʔeq sipon̓ kilaka salimayəʔə \xe 'gets into the cracks of boards and passes the day.' \sd stative \sd animals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.199.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alimətpi \ps v \ge have one's back to \de to have one's back to \mr [] \cf mət \ce back \cf mətpi \ce to turn one's back towards \xv 1. kalimətpi hesinə \xe 'I had my back to the fire.' \xv 2. kaliyəwəšpi hesinə \xe 'I had my head to the fire.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.200.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alinaʔał \rd alinałnaʔał \ps v \ge go out at night \de to go out at night \mr [] \cf alinałnaʔał \ce to go wandering about at night \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. hukalinaʔał \xe 'I am going out walking at night.' \xv 2. hukalinałnaʔał \xe 'I am going about town all night.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd motion \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.199-200.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alinałnaʔał \ps v \ge go wandering about at night \de to go wandering about at night \mr [] \cf alinaʔał \ce to go out at night \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. hukalinałnaʔał \xe 'I am going to bum around town all night.' \xv 2. tsalinałnaʔał \xe 'it (the bird) goes wandering around at night.' \xv 3. ʔałtsiyalinałnaʔał ʔisułkuw, kisinawa ʔišnaxyət ʔan tsuniyəw ʔiswał sipon̓ kikaswe \xe 'the bats fly in the night and in the morning hunt a hole in a tree and sleep.' \xv 4. hesaʔanatʔamam ʔan latšə ʔisalinałnaʔał suʔułʔułkuʔuw, kiʔišnaxyət ʔan tšaliqšihitš \xe 'the raccoon always wanders about nights and sleeps in the daytime.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.200-202 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alinaqtsuk \ps v \ge sit with knees drawn up; squat like frog \de to sit with the knees drawn up; to squat like a frog \sy alitoqoqo \xv 1. kalinaqtsuk \xe 'I sit on (a chair) with my knees drawn up, I squat like a frog on the floor.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd animals \sd descriptions \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.201.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alinaxyəʔət \ps v \ge last the whole night \de to last the whole night \mr [] \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \cf suyalinaxyət \ce to be going to be dawn \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. niwašətšhałpwe ? ; hihiʔi kalinaxyəʔət \xe 'have you slept well? ; yes, all night' (lit., I did not wake up until morning). \xv 2. hihiʔi kalinaxyəʔət \xe 'yes, all night' (lit., 'I did not wake up until morning). \sd stative \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.202 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alinehet \a alinet \va (alinet-) \ps v \ge happen a certain way \de to happen a certain way \mr [] \cf netus \ce to do \cf nehet \ce to be as; to be so \xv 1. kasilikʔè kikasiqiliʔik loʔkasʔiwə̀ ʔapí nełtsalinetus \xe 'he sat [there] and looked with attention after his comrade to see how she got her prey.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg TJPH \rf 69.1088.1/Roadrunner31 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx alinikʰət \ps v \ge bring at night \ge bring in the night time \de to bring at night; to bring in the night time \mr [] \cf nikʰət \ce to bring (successfully) \xv 1. tsalinikʰət \xe 'he brought it in the nighttime.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.203.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alinowo \ps v \ge stand at the edge of \ge standing erect, be \de to stand at the edge of; to be standing erect \ee This first definition is given by Harrington. The second definition has been given based on morphology and translations of examples of usage. \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. tsiyalinowo \xe 'they stand erect.' \xv 2. kamušamuškʔəy lasalinowo \xe 'it will refuse to move and just remain standing there.' \xv 3. losaʔəqəy ʔan musiyotoyi, tsiyalinowo kikasiwe \xe 'the chickens don’t lie down, they sleep standing.' \xv 4. tsalinowo hekaspey \xe 'the icicle is standing up.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.22, 203-205, 218.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliqisqisə \ps v \ge ?lie down looking on \de ?to lie down looking on \mr [] \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \xv 1. kikašʔoš lokaxʔanwa kilokatsʔohoy ʔan lasaliqisqisə \xe 'and he fucked the hen and the other one was just looking on.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.197.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aliqšihitš \a aliqʰšihitš \ps v \ge sleep during the day \de to sleep during the day \mr [] \cf iqsihi \ce to be noon; ?to be the south wind blowing \xv 1. neʔeskuʔum šušaliqšihitš lokaxʔanwa \xe 'the hour of taking her midday nap arrived.' \xv 2. hesaʔanatʔamam ʔan latšə ʔisalinałnaʔał suʔułʔułkuʔuw, kiʔišnaxyət ʔan tšaliqšihitš \xe 'the raccoon always wanders about nights and naps in the daytime.' \sd chronometry \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.198.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliqʔom \ps v \ge doubled up lying down, be \de to be doubled up lying down \mr [] \cf qʔom \ce to be doubled up \xv 1. tsaliqʔom loʔismaʔam kaštum \xe 'it is doubled up inside the egg.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd numbers \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.198.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alisuwaya \ps v \ge raise smth \de to raise smth \mr [] \cf suwaya \ce to hang smth; to raise in the air; to put earrings on smn \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. tsalisuwaya lokasfisga \xe 'he raises his slingshot.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.209.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alisuyułnałnaʔał \ps v \ge frown at many at night \de to frown at many at night \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf suyułnałnaʔał \ce to frown at many \xv 1. no ʔan ksuyułnałnaʔał \xe 'I frown at many, frown in different directions.' \xv 2. tsalisuyułnałnaʔał \xe 'he makes a bad face at all the people at night.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.209.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ališxey \a alixey \va (alixey) \ps n \ge sister, elder married \ge elder married sister \de elder married sister \ee The husband of this person is called ͽto and her eldest son is refered to as ͽtsinspu ͽlokakališxay, 'my elder sister's arm.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 72.239.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alitakʰuy \ps v \ge hold in one's hands \de to hold in one's hands \ee This is not to be confused with ͽʔalitaqkuy \cf takʰuy \ce to hold (in the hands); to keep \xv 1. kalitakʰuy \xe 'I hold it in my hands.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.211.3 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx alitəq \ps v \ge happen directly to smn \de to happen directly to smn \mr [] \cf təq \ce eye/face \xv 1. hesipalitəq \xe 'I talk to you right to your face what I want to say to you (do not go telling other people about you but go right to you).' \xv 2. kasəwus heʔisalitəq \xe 'I said it right to his face.' \sd culture \sd emotions \sd common \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.212.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alitəqitš \ps v \ge lie down with eyes open \de to lie down with eyes open \mr [] \cf təq \ce eye/face \cf təqitš \ce to have good eyesight; to open one’s eyes \xv 1. kalitəqitš \xe 'I am lying down with my eyes wide open.' \xv 2. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tšaqša lašalitəqitš, lokaʔałʔaluštšʔəmətš kałsuqintʔum \xe 'this man died with his eyes open, the undertaker came and shut his eyes.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.213.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alitiwispi \ps v \ge stand with one’s buttocks toward \de to stand with one’s buttocks toward \mr [] \cf tiwis \ce anus; bottom \xv 1. kalitiwispi hesinə \xe 'I had my buttocks to the fire.' \xv 2. kalimətpi hesinə \xe 'I had my back to the fire.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.213.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alitkax \cf ʔalitkax \ce to delay \sd variations \dt 18/Oct/2011 \lx alitkəy \cf alitkʔəy \ce to wait for \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alitkʔəy \a alitkəy \rd alitlitkʔəy \va (alitkəy) \ps v \ge wait for \de to wait for \xv 1. munakalaqwaʔay, alitkəyit ! \xe 'I am not ready yet, wait for me!' \xv 2. hukipalalitkəy ? \xe 'what is the matter that you do not sing?' \xv 3. kalitlitkəy šaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am expecting a man.' \xv 4. kalitlitkəy lokasʔap Minetti \xe 'I was waiting at the house of Minetti.' \xv 5. kikasʔip lokanunašəš, “masəx tskumu ʔišup kihupalitkəyit” \xe 'he said, “I will wait for you 12 years.” ' \xv 6. tsiyutikay hesitəpʰtəpʰə tsiyalitkəywu ʔisiyitšʔałtə \xe 'they are hiding in the mountain, they are waiting for the enemies.' \xv 7. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \xv 8. kikakʰkumli ʔan ʔəhə siku salamalitlitkʔəy ʔan neʔemuštəʔəʔən hałkušiʔik kałwašətš suknaʔał \xe 'but when I arrived there were lots of people already there waiting and my pain wasn’t very bad any more and it seemed good to me to go.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd manner \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.214.1-216.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alitlitkəy \cf alitlitkʔəy \ce to wait for.REDUP \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alitlitkʔəy \a alitlitkəy \va (alitlitkəy) \ps v \ge wait for.REDUP \de to wait for.REDUP \cf alitkʔəy \ce to wait for \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alitoqoqo \ps v \ge sitted/squatted frog fashion on the floor with one’s legs bent, be \ge squatted/sitted frog fashion on the floor with one’s legs bent, be \de to be sitted/squatted frog fashion on the floor with one’s legs bent \mr [] \sy alinaqtsuk \cf toqoqo \ce to bend one’s knees as sharply as possible \xv 1. kalitoqoqo \xe 'I am seated with my legs bent.' \xv 2. kalilikʔe kalitoqoqo \xe 'I am squatted frog fashion on the floor.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \sd manner \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.216.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alitowš \ps v \ge war at night \de to war at night \mr [] \cf towš \ce to fight \xv 1. tsiyalitowš \xe 'they are fighting in the night.' \sd warfare \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.944; 89.216.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alitʰax \ps v \ge sleep in the morning \de to sleep in the morning \mr [] \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. tsalitʰax neʔesiqsihi kisalaqʔuy \xe 'he slept and it was already noon when he awoke.' \xv 2. tsalitʰax lokaqunup \xe 'the boy wanted to sleep in the morning' (he did not want to get up early). \xv 3. loʔkatspeʔey katip ʔan tsalitʰaxwù \xe 'the salt makes them sleepy' (referring to rattlesnakes). \sd common \sd verbs \sd routine \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.217.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alitsʔiyət \a alitsiyət \va (alitsiyət) \ps v \ge lie down with one’s buttocks up \de to lie down with one’s buttocks up \ee This was said in particular of the stink beetle. \mr [] \cf tsʔiyət \ce to put one's buttocks in the air; to crouch with one's buttocks in the air \xv 1. tsalitsiyət \xe 'he stood with his butt up' (he put his head down and his butt up). \sd animals \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.218.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alitšwe \ps v \ge sex with, have \ge fornicate with \de to have sex with; to fornicate with \mr [] \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. no ʔan kalitšwe \xe 'I slept with her and had sex with her.' \xv 2. no ʔan kalitšwe lokaxʔanwa \xe 'I slept (had sex with) a woman.' \sd common \sd body \sd verbs \rf 89.218.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aliwakʔay \ps vt \ge lie on top of smth \de to lie on top of smth \mr [] \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \xv 1. tsaliwakʔayit \xe 'she lies on top of it.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.220.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliwaya \ps v \ge hang limp (as a flag from a pole when there is no wind) \ge hang (as a bat on a tree) \de to hang limp (as a flag from a pole when there is no wind); to hang (as a bat on a tree) \mr [] \sy imahwaya \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. tšaluliʔiš lokapon̓ kisaliwaya \xe 'the bat clings to the tree and hangs down.' \xv 2. tsaliwaya hekaspəy \xe 'the icycle is hanging down.' \xv 3. tsiyaliwaya lokaspeʔey (Ϟor lokaspeyspeʔey) \xe 'the flowers are hanging down on the plant.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd manner \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.88, 204, 218.3-4, 219.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliwesmes \ps v \ge lie in a crosswise position \de to lie in a crosswise position \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv aliwesmespi \pde to lie in a crosswise position.APL.LOC \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf wesmes \ce to be traversed \xv 1. kaliwesmes hesixayanəš \xe 'I lay crosswise on the bed.' \xv 2. tsaliwesmespi \xe 'it is across it.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd positions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.221.2-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliwəyə \ps v \ge lie down with head to one side \de to lie down with one’s head to one side; to turn one’s head from side to side \ee This word was archaic at the time it was recorded; one cannot say ͽʔałwəyə nor ͽtswəyə. \mr [] \xv 1. kaliwəyə \xe 'I am lying with my head turned to one side.' \xv 2. kaliwəyə \xe 'I turn my head from side to side' (such as a sick person does when sleeping). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.224.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliwotoqloʔop \ph ɑlɪwɔtɔqʰlɔˀɔp \a aliwotoqʰloʔòp \ps v \ge lie face down \de to lie face down \mr [] \cf saliwotoqloʔop \ce to put face up (lying down) \xv 1. kisaliwotoqloʔop \xe '[this man] lies face down on the ground.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.224.2; 90.9.4; 235.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alixʔox \ps v \ge snore \de to snore \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalalixʔox \pde to snore.NZ \xv 1. no ʔan kalixʔox \xe 'I snore' (Ϟor I am a snorer). \xv 2. ʔalalixʔox \xe 'bird that sings in the night.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.320.1 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx aliyaš \cf ʔaliyaš \ce road \sd variations \dt 19/Nov/2011 \lx aliyeqe \ps v \ge mouth/face up, be \de to be mouth/face up \mr [] \cf aliyexexe \ce to be on one's back \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf saliyexexe \ce to put face up \xv 1. kaliyeqe sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I swim on my face' (lit., 'I go swimming mouth up'). \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.193.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliyexexe \ps v \ge back, be on one's \de to be on one's back \mr [] \cf aqtaliyexexe \ce to fall over of one’s own accord \cf aliyeqe \ce to be mouth/face up \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf saliyexexe \ce to put face up \xv 1. kaliyexexe \xe 'I lie in bed on my back.' \xv 2. tsaliyexexe \xe '(the shark when eating) turns on his back.' \sd body \sd stative \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.194.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliyəwəš \ps n \ge head of bed \de head of bed \mr [] \cf yəwəš1 \ce head; face \xv 1. heʔišaliyəwəš lokaʔutinay \xe 'head of baby cradle.' \sd common \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.194.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aliyəwəšpi \ps v \ge lie with head towards \de to lie with one’s head towards \mr [] \cf yəwəš1 \ce head; face \xv 1. no ʔan kaliyəwəšpi hesikaxon \xe 'I have my head on the box when lying down.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.194.4-195.2, 237.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliyuxmeʔe \ps v \ge lie with legs straight out \de to lie with one's legs sticking straight out \mr [] \cf yuxmeʔe \ce to have one’s legs extended straight out \xv 1. kaliyuxmeʔe \xe 'I am lying with my legs sticking straight out.' \xv 2. kyuxmeʔe \xe 'I have my legs extended straight out.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.195.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ałnaʔał \a ałnaʔàł \ps v \ge ?go to \de ?to go to \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. kaki sikałnaʔał \xe 'yonder I will go as well.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg TJPH \rf Greetings12 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ałnetnetpi \ps v \ge happen to.REDUP \de to happen to.REDUP \cf ałnetpi \ce to happen to \sd reduplications \dt 19/Nov/2011 \lx ałnetpi \ph ɑɬnɛtʰpɪ \a ałnetpì \a ułnetpi \va (ułnetpi) \rd ałnetnetpi \mr [] \cf nehet \ce to be as; to be so \se I \ps n \ge luck \ge fate \de luck; fate \xv 1. kasʔipʰ, “kumeł sikałnetʰpi” \xe 'and she said, “I have such bad luck.” \se II \ps v \ge happen to \de to happen to \xv 1. kumeł tšałnetpi \xe 'it is bad' (as when smth bad has happened to someone). \xv 2. xilikšaši kimuhušampošʰotš hesikukuʔu lokakšałnetnetpi ! \xe 'take care that these people here do not find out about our predicament!' \xv 3. kasaqʰnitoxlołkʔoy sałnetʰpi katšotšonəʔəš \xe 'and she put herself to thinking about what happened to the [Coyote-]Fish.' \xv 4. tštiyepus lokaštete yəlaʔa ʔišnetnetuʔutš ʔan tsalaxsumu kanawa šʰatiwənitšwaš, kasʰip, “lokaštete huktiyepus lokapkoko sipałnetpi,” kikašnaʔał \xe 'she told her mother all that had befallen her – her sufferings since she had been married. and her mother said, “I will go and tell your father your condition,” and she went.' \sd common \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.154.2, 155.1; Daughter46 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aloʔoyi \ps v \ge lying on one side, be \de to be lying on one side \mr [] \sy alikowowo \cf ʔoyi \ce to be to one side; to be twisted; to be crooked \xv 1. tsaloʔoyi \xe 'it is on one side.' \xv 2. tsʔoyi \xe 'it is on its side' (said of a tipped pot). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.235.3; 90.9.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alotoyi \ps v \ge lie at \ge be at \de to lie at; to be at \mr [] \cf otoyi \ce to lie down \xv 1. latše ʔišalotoyi lomišup \xe 'it lies at the bottom of the sea all the time.' \xv 2. lokaqʔanwa ʔan tsalotoyi heʔisaləʔəł lokašmamawaš \xe 'the girl is lying at the feet of her grandmother. \xv 3. huknaʔał losalotoyinpi lokakʰqoqo \xe 'I am going to the grave of my father.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.237.3-238.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ałpali \ps v \ge walk along (smth narrow) \de to walk along (smth narrow) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalałpinli \pde to go along the beach/shore.NZ \xv 1. no ʔan kałpali \xe 'I walk along a fallen tree trunk.' \xv 2. sixalu sixaʔax kihuksuwesmes sipon̓, kihusiałpali siqʔonon, kihusi yapiyam, husiyiwałtapi hesixalu \xe 'I hunt a big can and traverse a stick and the rats go across it and fall in.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.239.2-4 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx ałpinli \ps v \ge go along the beach \de to go along the beach/shore \mr [] \cf anpinan̓i \ce to go along the beach \cf axtałpinli \ce to run along the ocean shore \xv 1. kałpinli \xe 'I go along [the] beach' (not in the water). \xv 2. kałpinli heʔsimuwu \xe 'I go along the sea beach.' \xv 3. kaʔalałpinli kaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the coyote was going along the shore.' \xv 4. kikasamʔipił miluk ʔełyepi \xe 'and they tell you to go by the cliffs.' \xv 5. kakyamtiʔiy kełkʔewli \xe 'I came down here going along the bank of a river or edge of a precipice.' \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.240.4, 242.3-243.2, 632.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ałpu \ps v \ge go around inside of \de to go around inside of \ee Harrington thought that this had the same meaning as ałpunli. \cf ałpunli \ce to skirt around the corner of \cf aqškutałputš \ce to think; to worry \cf kənətli \ce to go around outside in a circular direction \cf šaqškutałputš \ce to consider; to think about; to be of an opinion \xv 1. kałpu \xe 'I go around inside of a circle/crowd (said of a dancer going around inside a circle marked out by a crowd). \xv 2. tsiyałpunli heʔismiluk ʔiše \xe 'he goes around the base of the cliff.' \xv 3. tsiyałpu lokašotšonəš kaałʔixoyòyò. tsisusʰamha lokahew kasiyutoqʔopʰ kamusikitʰwoniʔì \xe 'it [the pelican] goes around the school of flying fish. when they sense the pelican, they dive down and do not come out again.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.242.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ałpunli \ps v \ge skirt around the corner of \de to skirt around the corner of \ee This can also be used to talk of the tongue moving around the corners of the mouth. Harrington notes that this word has the same meaning as ałpunli. \mr [] \cf ałpu \ce to go around inside of \cf kənətli \ce to go around outside in a circular direction \cf sałpunli \ce to make something go skirting around a corner of \xv 1. tsałpunli heʔismiluk ʔišə \xe 'he goes around the base of the cliff.' \xv 2. kałpunli \xe 'I skirt around the corner inside the house,' \xe 'I go skirting around the corner of the room.' \xv 3. kʰkənətli lokapʔap \xe 'I went around your house.' \xv 4. ksałpunli \xe 'I make it go skirting around the corner of the room.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.242.4-243.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ałtə \ps v \ge meet smn/smth \de to meet smn/smth \ee This cannot be said of inanimate objects, since they do not go about. However, this can be said of animals, since they are mobile. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ałtəš \pde to meet smn/smth.IPFV \cf ʔałʔałwatʔałtə \ce contrarian \cf ʔutałtə \ce to be enemy of \cf aqutałtə \ce to be glottalized (as is said of certain features of Ventureño) \cf sałtə \ce to cause to meet with; to bump \cf saqutałtə1 \ce to block; to stop from moving \cf tsʔaqutałtə \ce neck of a flint blade; fly trap \cf ušałtə \ce to receive \cf watʔałtə \ce to contradict; to go against; to be antidote \xv 1. kałtə sipułhewu \xe 'I met a sheep.' \xv 2. kšałtə (Ϟor kišałtə) \xe 'we two met.' \xv 3. no ʔan kšałtəš lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the man and I met together.' \xv 4. no ʔan kałtə lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I met the man' (he standing, I approaching). \xv 5. tšišałtəš \xe 'they two met together.' \xv 6. kałtə šaʔatʔaxatš hemaliyaš \xe 'I met a man on the road.' \xv 7. no ʔan kałtə sixʔanwa losikayi \xe 'I met a woman on the street.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd manners \lg JPH \rf 89.249.2-4, 250, 251.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aluʔułyiʔin \ps v \ge lie long \ge stand long \de to lie long; to stand long \ee Harrington noted that this was not a word that his consultant used, but that the word was still judged to be “okay.” \mr [] \cf ʔułyi \ce to be long; to be tall \xv 1. tsaluʔułyiʔin \xe 'it lies or stands long.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.281.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aluliʔiš \ps v \ge cling to \de to cling to \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \mr [] \xv 1. tšaluliʔiš lokapon̓ kisaliwaya \xe '(the bat) clings to the tree and hangs down.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.274.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alumu \a alumuw \a alumul \va (alumul-, alumuw-) \ps vt \ge counsel \de to counsel \mr [] \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \xv 1. lokasihinwot ʔan tsalumuwuswu lokasʰinku \xe 'the chief counseled the people.' \xv 2. palumuwus lokaʔaluqtiyəw \xe 'thou shalt counsel him who needs it.' \xv 3. tsalumulit ʔan tsʔipit kʰan pqisənwu hałʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš ʔan mupwatinowo ʔapitaq hałʔiyʔipʔipʰpi \xe 'my grandmother counseled me not to suddenly stand by a bunch of men to listen what they are talking about.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.275.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aluqtiyəw \ps v \ge lack \ge need \de to lack; to need \mr [] \cf uqtiyəw \ce to lack; to need (from lack of) \xv 1. huki paluqtiyəw \xe 'what do you need/lack?' \xv 2. ʔəhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kaʔiskawkawayuʔu kimusʔił hałʔaluqtiyəw \xe 'he had a lot of cattle and horses and lacked nothing.' \xv 3. palumuwus lokaʔaluqtiyəw \xe 'thou shalt counsel him who needs it.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd senses \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.182.1, 273.3, 275.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alušiʔik \ps n \ge pain \de pain \mr [] \cf ušiʔik \ce to ache \xv 1. pi ʔan mukapeqweł kikalaxsumu (kikalaxanmu), kʔuwe tsʔił šikalušiʔik pikapeqweł \xe 'you have not caused my suffering, but I have suffered much because of you.' \xv 2. ʔulasaxiyepitwaš lokaałʔalaxiyepš ʔan lakəkš tseqe lokakalušiʔik kimukišpuwenušwaš kəwə musaxiyepitwaš \xe 'if the doctor had cured me he would have removed my pain, but I didn’t pay him because he didn’t cure me.' \sd common \sd body \sd health \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.277.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aluškʔəy \rd alušluškʔəy \ps v \ge move about in one place \de to move about in one place \mr [] \cf šaluškʔəy \ce to cause to move \cf uškʔəy \ce to move \xv 1. lašalušluškʔəy \xe 'the boat rocked.' \xv 2. hušaluškʔəy \xe 'it is going to move' (any kind of motion). \xv 3. tšiyalušluškʔəy kika siqołqonowo, kikasiwonwon \xe 'they writhe, jump and groan' (said of fishes). \xv 4. tšnowo hekakʰkawayu kikamušʰuyanaʔał, kušušmaxyət ʔan tsʰukunoywu heʔispu kimušaluškʔəy, kinupan tsʰuyaxšilit \xe 'my horse stopped and did not want to go. I kept pulling him but he planted his front feet in front of him and tried to bite me as well.' \xv 5. no ʔan ktokom ; mukalukʔəy \xe 'I have a cramp' ; 'I do not move.' \xv 6. kʰan sukaluškʔəy ʔan kaywaliʔiʔi tšnepiyətus \xe 'if I move the cramp is worse.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.277.3-278.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alušluškʔəy \ps v \ge move about in one place.REDUP \de to move about in one place.REDUP \cf aluškʔəy \ce to move about in one place \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alušqałtš \ps v \ge open (as a door or pot without a lid), be \de to be open (as a door or pot without a lid) \mr [] \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \cf ušqʰał \ce I. wedge II. to push open \xv 1. tšušqałtš \xe 'the door is open.' \xv 2. tšalušqałtš \xe 'the olla has the lid off.' \sd household \sd verbs \sd manner \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.279.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aluštʔey \ps v \ge busy, be \de to be busy \mr [] \sy makʔak \cf uštʔey \ce to touch \xv 1. ʔəhə sukaluštʔey \xe 'I have much to do.' \xv 2. no ʔan kmakʔak \xe 'I am very busy.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd routine \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.279.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alutikuy \a alutikʔúy \a alutikʔuy \va (alutikʔuy) \ps v \ge face a direction \de to face in a direction \mr [] \cf kuya \ce to turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \cf šalutikuy \ce to look in a certain direction \cf utikuy \ce to look to the side \xv 1. ʔiti hukalutikuy \xe 'I am going to look in this direction.' \xv 2. kšalutikuy \xe 'we-two are looking in a certain direction.' \xv 3. kalutikuy \xe 'I am looking in a certain direction.' \xv 4. ʔan hesalutikuy lokašʔikunətaš \xe 'it is turned towards the joint.' \xv 5. hekalutikuy ʔatʔapliʔiš \xe 'I face east.' \sd manner \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.280.3-281.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ałwa \ps v \ge kill (a person) \de to kill (a person) \ee This is said of people only; this cannot be said of animals, etc. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałʔałwa \pde to kill (a person).NZ \cf aqškʔunimay \ce to kill (an animal) clandestinely \xv 1. no ʔan hukałwa payikʔulaʔasku ʔałtapi hesaʔap \xe 'I will kill anybody who comes into this house.' \xv 2. mupałwa \xe 'you did not kill.' \xv 3. tsałwa siku ʔan muʔampošʰotš, musʔił ʔałpošʰotš \xe 'he killed someone and nobody knew it.' \xv 4. kałwa siku \xe 'I killed a person.' \xv 5. hukałwa hešaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to kill this man.' \xv 6. huktaktə hekakʰinwaka \xe 'I am going to kill my cow.' \xv 7. ʔałʔałwa \xe 'murderer.' \sd people \sd verbs \sd common \sd lifecycle \lg JPH \rf 89.144.3, 160.3, 282.1-283.4 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx ałwalinaʔał \ps v \ge go before \de to go before \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. no kayukałwalinaʔał, kʰoko ʔan husuleqpeyit \xe 'I am going first, and my father after.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.284.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ałwašəʔəʔətš \ps v \ge better than, be \de to be better than \mr [] \cf wašətš \ce to be good; to be pretty; to be well \cf wašəʔəʔətš \ce to be true; to be very pretty \xv 1. kałwašəʔəʔətš ʔišišʰin lokakatu \xe 'it is better than a cat.' \xv 2. kałwašəʔəʔətš losixałwon \xe 'it [white clay] is better (for head washing) than soap.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd comparatives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.606.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ałwelexš \ps v \ge endure smth \de to endure smth \mr [] \cf welexš \ce to pass \xv 1. yəlaʔà loʔkakumeł kałwelèxš \xe 'all the bad that I endured.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 95.19.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ałxalalatš \ps v \ge rustling sound, make a \de to make a rustling sound \ee Harrington's speaker notes that many times the dry maiz rustles thus, sometimes much with the wind. \xv 1. tšałxalalatš \xe 'the leaves of the tree sound like the rattlesnake.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd language \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.450.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx am- \a ʔam- \a am̓- \va (ʔam-) \ps pro \ge INDEF \ge irrelevant number prefix \de irrelevant number prefix \ee Glossed as IRLV. \xv 1. tsameqweł \xe 'and they make it.' \xv 2. tsamsumoxpʔow \xe 'they bend' (a board). \xv 3. naštəʔəʔə tšʔanutš lokaxəp, naštəʔəʔə tsamqisə. kʔuwe samʔip ʔan mušaqša lokaqunup kʔuwe šeqwełtšəši sipistuk \xe 'the rock is still blood-stained, it can still be seen. and they say that the child did not die but was turned into a ground-squirrel.' \xv 4. tsameqweł loʔkaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš katomoł kašnehet ʔiškom̓ ʔišamqawawahatš kaʔišmaqtunutš ʔišʔułyinaʔaš \xe 'they make the keel about two and a half fathoms.' \xv 5. tšiyaxitš (Ϟor tšamaxitš) \xe 'they 3+ are shooting each other with arrows in the war.' \xv 6. tsamyikus susʔatʔap latšə heʔismaʔam hemišup \xe 'they gave him permission to live always below the earth.' \xv 7. ʔamʔałkuyam \xe 'many are on horseback.' \xv 8. muštšum lusamʔuw \xe 'it is no good to eat.' \xv 9. yəlaʔa lokalamnikətus ʔan lašnəkəkš ʔisʔuw \xe 'all that they brought her she ate herself.' \xv 10. huʔamaxinaʔał \xe 'they are going to have a dance.' \xv 11. neluʔamaxiwił ? \xe 'where are they going to have the dance?' \xv 12. yəlaʔa kitaxsə̀ loʔkałʔamipʰpi \xe 'I understood all that they told me.' \xv 13. ʔiʔałkuyam ; ʔamʔałkuyam \xe 'they are on horseback' ; 'many are on horseback.' \xv 14. lokaʔałtšuyaqša ʔan lamitʔi ʔisamitaq ʔišałhaš \xe 'they barely can hear what the sick man says.' \xv 15. loʔištəpə kasʔił salamnaqša \xe 'at the roots of its teeth it has its poison.' \xv 16. laʔkʰan ʔi tsamuštʔewè loʔištelèq kapaxàt kikamušašnaʔàł \xe 'when you spear a whale in the tail, it is incapacitated.' \xv 17. huʔamwipʰatata \xe 'they are going to hit it so that it all falls to pieces like a shattered clod.' \xv 18. kałwašətš suʔamnišaqa lokaʔalaxwayi \xe 'it is a good plan to kill the gluttonous woman.' \xv 19. wašətš ʔisamqisənwu siyʔiyʔałtšimałtətš \xe 'it is very pretty to watch cowboys who are good at lasooing.' \sd prefixes \sd nprefixes \sd vprefixes \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.298.3 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx amamə \ps v \ge body of, be the \de to be the body of \cf ʔamam̓ə \ce body \xv 1. tsamamə ʔi sapʰ \xe 'family' (literally, ‘body of the house’). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd household \sd descriptions \sd body \lg JPH \rf 79.442.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx anaməkə \cf ʔanaməkə \ce to tolerate; to support; to hold \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx anaquwin̓ \ps name \ge Anaquwin̓ \de Anaquwin̓ \ee This was the Chumash name of José Coyote, who was a drummer of Ventura. Diminutive form of ʔalaxəwəł ‘coyote.’ \mr [<ʔalaxuwəl (coyote.ϡdimϡ)>] \cf ʔalaxəwəł \ce coyote \sd names \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.742.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aniso \cf ʔaniso \ce seagull; gull \sd variations \dt 30/Jun/2012 \lx anixwatškoloy \cf ʔanixwotškʔoloy \ce duck with green wings; mallard \sd variations \dt 30/Jun/2012 \lx anpinan̓i \ph ɑn̥pɪˈnɑn̰ɪ \ps v \ge go along the beach \de to go along the beach \mr ?[] \cf ałpinli \ce to go along the beach/shore \xv 1. kanpínán̓i \xe 'I am going along the beach.' \xv 2. siyanpinan̓i \xe 'all animals or people that go on shore .' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd directions \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 71.318.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ap- \cf api-1 \ce by/from heat or fire \sd variations \dt 13/Dec/2011 \lx apałhay \rd apałpałhay \ps v \ge jump (from any height to any height) \de to jump (from any height to any height) \xv 1. ki sapałhay \xe 'it jumps.' \xv 2. no ʔan kapałhay \xe 'I jump' (down from a roof or on level, or up on top). \xv 3. tsapałhay \xe 'the spider jumps.' \xv 4. tsapałhay \xe 'he skips/jumps' (said of a bug). \xv 5. hukmes hukapałpałhay \xe 'I am going to cross the water giving several jumps.' \xv 6. hukiyapałhay ʔapi ʔasku hałʔałxałməkəʔə ; ʔutinoʔoʔo hukapałhay \xe 'let’s see which of us 3+ can jump the furthest' ; 'now it is my turn to jump.' \sd motion \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 82.13.4, 89.307.4-309.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apałpałhay \ps v \ge jump (from any height to any height).REDUP \de to jump (from any height to any height).REDUP \cf apałhay \ce to jump (from any height to any height) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apaqša \ps v \ge hot from the weather, be \de to be hot from the weather \ee This verb is not used of being warm or hot from a fire or from clothes. \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \cf oxmoł \ce to become warm \cf uxtišaw \ce to be warm \xv 1. no ʔan kapaqša \xe 'I am too hot or very warm with the sun’s heat.' \xv 2. kisawus \xe 'I am sweating.' \sd meteorology \sd senses \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 89.304.4-305.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apaqtaha \ps v \ge shade of (tree, etc.), be in the \de to be in the shade of (tree, etc.) \ee This seems to indicate that one is being shaded by a tree, unless otherwise specified. \mr [] \cf apaqtahaʔa \ce to shade oneself; to put oneself in the shade; to go to shade \cf apaqtahanmu \ce shady place where people cool off \cf aqtaha \ce to be cold (said of something that was previously warm) \cf watapaqtaha \ce to stop in the shade of \xv 1. tsapaqtaha \xe 'it is in the shade.' \xv 2. no ʔan kapaqtaha \xe 'I am in the shade of a tree.' \xv 3. kapaqtaha heʔismaʔam sita \xe 'I am in the shade of an oak tree.' \xv 4. hukapaqtaha heʔisaqwətəy hekakʔap \xe 'I am going to put myself in the shade of my house.' \sd meteorology \sd senses \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.305.4-306.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apaqtahaʔa \ps v \ge shade oneself \ge put oneself in the shade \ge go to shade \de to shade oneself; to put oneself in the shade; to go to shade \mr [] \cf apaqtaha \ce to be in the shade of (tree, etc.) \cf aqtaha \ce to be cold (said of something that was previously warm) \xv 1. hukapaqtahaʔa \xe 'I am going to the shade.' \sd verbs \sd meteorology \sd motion \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.306.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apaqtahanmu \ps n \ge shady place where people cool off \de shady place where people cool off \mr [] \cf apaqtaha \ce to be in the shade of (tree, etc.) \cf aqtaha \ce to be cold (said of something that was previously warm) \xv 1. lokaʔapaqtahanmu \xe 'a shady place, where many people get in the shade to cool off.' \sd places \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 89.307.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apaqwaʔay \ps v \ge cook completely \ge cook well \de to cook completely/well \ee Note that this word refers to the internal properties of a cooked item, it does not mean to cook something in a transitive sense. \mr [] \cf aqwaʔay \ce to be/go on the mark; to hit (on) the mark \xv 1. muapaqwaʔay \xe 'it is not cooking well.' \xv 2. tsapaqwaʔay heʔišʔapš \xe 'this soup is well done.' \xv 3. tsaqwaʔay \xe 'he hit the mark.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.307.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apastipił \ps v \ge boiled down, be \ge boiled thick, be \de to be boiled down; to be boiled thick \mr [] \cf astipił \ce to be thick \xv 1. tsapastipił \xe 'the soup is well-boiled down thick.' \xv 2. tsastipił \xe 'it is thick.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd water \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.311.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apaxsəw \ps v \ge dry by heat \de to dry by heat \mr [] \cf axsəw \ce to be dry \cf sapaxsəw \ce to dry smth with heat \xv 1. tsapaxsəw \xe 'it got dry by the fire.' \xv 2. ksapaxsəw \xe 'I dry it by the fire.' \sd heat \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.310.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apəhəʔən \ps v \ge burn \ge fire, be on \de to burn; to be on fire \mr [] \cf ʔałsapəhəʔən \ce one who makes bursts of light; glowworm \cf əhəʔən \ce to be too much \cf sapəhəʔən \ce to make a big flash of light \xv 1. neʔesapəhəʔən \xe 'it is now/already burning a lot.' \xv 2. neʔesixut hesinə \xe 'it already burns.' \sd food \sd heat \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.311.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apət \rd apətpət \ps v \ge tread on \ge step on \de to tread on; to step on \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv apətli \pde to tread on.DIR; to step on.DIR \cf ʔapətəʔəš \ce sole of foot \cf ʔapətinaš \ce slope; ascent \cf ʔunapət \ce stairway; ladder \cf alapəti \ce to climb up at night \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \cf axapət \ce to shinny up \cf axtapət \ce to set foot on \cf kʔilapəti \ce to ascend quickly; to go up quickly \cf kʔitʔapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to go up slowly \cf maqutapəti \ce to run up \cf maxsapəti \ce to drag up; to pull up \cf napəti \ce to carry up \cf pitʔapəti \ce to run up quickly to the top of \cf sapəti \ce to put on top of \cf sumaxtapəti \ce to pull up \cf sutapəti \ce to run uphill \cf suxilapət \ce to make smn look up; to tilt smn’s head up \cf šutapətš \ce to pull up \cf unapəti \ce to go up in the daytime \cf wayapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to ascend lazily \cf xatʔapəti \ce to go up quickly \cf xilapət \ce to look up; to tilt one’s head up \xv 1. apət hesikawayu ! \xe 'mount that horse!' \xv 2. apət hesilamesa ! \xe 'get on top of that table!' \xv 3. no ʔan hukapətił losipʔəł \xe 'I am going to tread on your foot.' \xv 4. tštiyam kəwə musiyapətpət heʔišupšuʔup \xe 'it sinks down because they do not stamp down the earth.' \xv 5. mupsuyapət ʔasitsʔuqił hałmantaraya \xe 'look out lest you step on a stingray and he pierce you.' \xv 6. hukapət ʔiti simesa \xe 'I am going to get on top of the table and stand upon it.' \xv 7. lanupaʔaʔan tsmeleweʔe šiʔišaw kikasapətli ʔiswenmu \xe 'as soon as the sun sets it goes to roost.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 69.944.2; 89.311.4-312.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apəti \ps v \ge climb up (using one's feet) \de to climb up (using one's feet) \mr [] \cf ʔapətinaš \ce slope; ascent \cf alapəti \ce to climb up at night \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf kʔilapəti \ce to ascend quickly; to go up quickly \cf kʔitʔapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to go up slowly \cf maqutapəti \ce to run up \cf maxsapəti \ce to drag up; to pull up \cf napəti \ce to carry up \cf pitʔapəti \ce to run up quickly to the top of \cf sapəti \ce to put on top of \cf sumaxtapəti \ce to pull up \cf unapəti \ce to go up in the daytime \cf walapəti \ce to scramble up in a hurry \cf wayapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to ascend lazily \cf xatʔapəti \ce to go up quickly \xv 1. kʰkʔilapəti \xe 'I went up quickly.' \xv 2. kʰkʔitʔapəti \xe 'I went up slowly.' \xv 3. hukapəti hesixəp \xe 'I am going to step on this stone.' \xv 4. hukapəti \xe 'I am going to climb up.' \xv 5. waliʔiʔin tsapəti \xe 'he went up quickly.' \xv 6. hukapəti loʔišup \xe 'I am going up to the mountain not carrying anything.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg TJPH \rf 89.311.3; 90.63.4-64.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apətpət \ps v \ge tread.REDUP \ge step.on.REDUP \de to tread.REDUP; to step on.REDUP \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx api \cf ʔapi \ce hey; so; okay; well; tell me more \sd variations \dt 09/Mar/2011 \lx api- \a ap- \va (ap-) \hm 1 \ps vpre \ge by/from heat or fire \ge heat/fire, by/from \ge fire/heat, by/from \ge INSTR.heat/fire \de by/from heat or fire \ee This prefix indicates that the situation is accomplished or related to heat or fire. Glossed as INSTR.heat/fire. \cf ʔapš \ce to be hot \cf apaqša \ce to be hot from the weather \cf apaqtaha \ce to be in the shade of (tree, etc.) \cf apaqtahaʔa \ce to shade oneself; to put oneself in the shade; to go to shade \cf apaqtahanmu \ce shady place where people cool off \cf apaqwaʔay \ce to cook completely/well \cf apastipił \ce to be boiled down; to be boiled thick \cf apaxsəw \ce to dry by heat \cf apəhəʔən \ce to burn; to be on fire \cf apipkʔes \ce to burst from heat \cf apipne \ce to crackle from fire \cf apišošoy \ce to be dark (from exposure to the sun); to be tanned \cf apiteqpey \ce to burn onto; to stick to by being burnt on to \cf apisaqałhaha \ce to open by means of hot water \cf apoʔowow \ce to bleach from heat \cf apitsʔə \ce to be (very) hot \cf apiqiłkuʔum \ce to be soaked through by hot water \cf apiwił \ce to be a fire (in the open) \cf apiwilutš \ce to be a place of a former campfire \cf apixe \ce to be burnt out \cf apixšilili \ce to hiss from heat \cf apiyi \ce to be a forest fire or conflagration in the mountains \cf sapaxsəw \ce to dry smth with heat \cf sapəhəʔən \ce to make a big flash of light \cf sapikəyəmi \ce to straighten with fire \cf sapipkʔes \ce to cause to burst open from heat \cf sapiwił \ce to make a fire \cf sapiwiłmu \ce fireplace; place where they build the fire all the time \cf sapixe \ce to burn smth down \cf šapinoqš \ce to break with fire \cf šapuštipey \ce to cook together \cf tšapexʔenutš \ce embers \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd heat \lg TJPH; Applegate \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx api- \hm 2 \ps vpre \ge INCEP \ge inceptive verbal prefix \de inceptive verbal prefix \ee This prefix is used of sudden, initial, or beginning action. Glossed as INCEP. \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ api- ‘quickly’ (Applegate 1972: 335) \cf ʔapimešeš \ce invited person; guest \cf ʔanapiqe \ce fledgeling \cf apikitwo \ce to embark (in a boat); to leave port; to go out in a boat \cf apimes \ce to invite \cf apinuna \ce to come from suddenly \cf apiqe \ce to begin to fly \cf apiwelexš \ce to dodge \cf apiyam \ce to fall quickly \cf apiyamutš \ce to be fallen \cf apuʔuw \ce to peck \cf apuliʔiš \ce to grab smth suddenly \cf apuqštahay \ce to become red (immediately) \cf apuškeʔey \ce to be hooked \cf apuštʔey \ce to touch quickly and pull back quickly \cf sapiyam \ce to let fall; to loose \cf sapiyət \ce to begin to sing \cf šapiwelexš \ce to shy from \cf šapuškeʔey \ce to hook smth onto; to seize smth with a hook \cf šapuškeyeʔeš \ce hook; chia hook \cf šapəškəwə \ce to bail out (water from) \cf šapəškəwənəʔəš \ce bailing instrument \cf šapuškəwətš \ce to be bailing (water from) \cf watwatisapiyam \ce to drop smth as one moves \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apiʔiš \ps v \ge gather wood \de to gather wood \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI apʼiš (Beeler 1970: 48) \cf ʔapišaʔaš \ce wood gathering strap \cf ʔapišmu \ce place for firewood \cf apišaš \ce to have gathered firewood \xv 1. no ʔan hukapiʔiš hukaxipakeʔet \xe 'I am going to get wood, I am going to make one trip only.' \xv 2. hukapiʔiš \xe 'I am going to get firewood.' \xv 3. hukapìʔiš losimuwu \xe 'I am going to gather driftwood on the beach.' \xv 4. neł hupkuʔum? : losimuwu \xe 'where do you get firewood?' : 'at the beach.' \sd ocean \sd food \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.320.3-321.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx apikitwo \ph ɑpɪkɪtʰwɔ \a apikitʰwo \ps v \ge set out (in a boat) \ge leave port \ge go out in a boat \de to embark (in a boat); to leave port; to go out in a boat \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. hukapikitwo \xe 'I am going out on the water in a boat.' \xv 2. tsiyapikitwo \xe 'they went out in boat together.' \xv 3. kapikitwo kaqšutš santa barbara \xe 'I set out in a boat and make towards Santa Barbara.' \xv 4. tsamapikitʰwò \xe 'the boats are leaving the port.' \xv 5. tsamapikitʰwo lokaʔapayək \xe 'they are going out for the sweat-house.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd ocean \sd culture \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.327.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apimes \ps v \ge invite \de to invite \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalapimes \pde to invite.NZ \cf ʔapimešeš \ce invited person; guest \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. ʔalapimes \xe 'he invites.' \xv 2. kapimesił \xe 'I invite you.' \xv 3. ʔalapimeswu \xe 'he invites them.' \xv 4. apimešeš \xe 'he is invited.' \xv 5. hukapimes \xe 'I am going to invite.' \sd verbs \sd manners \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.328.4-329.1 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx apin \ps v \ge burn smth \ge cauterize smth \de to burn smth; to cauterize smth \xv 1. lokašapinwaš \xe 'where he burnt it' (cannot be said of a burnt place in the forest). \xv 2. tsapinit hesikʔəł \xe 'he cauterized my leg.' \sd heat \sd verbs \sd roots \lg TJPH \rf 89.329.3, 546.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apinuna \ps v \ge come from suddenly \de to come from suddenly \mr [] \cf nuna \ce to come from \xv 1. kikasapinuna heʔalałpay kisutoqop \xe 'he dives from on high' (said of a bird diving into the water from high in the air). \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.329.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apipkʔes \ps v \ge burst from heat \de to burst from heat \mr [] \cf pkʔes \ce to burst open; to open from the inside out \cf sapipkʔes \ce to cause to burst open from heat \xv 1. tsapipkʔes soʔonhokok \xe 'the lizard burst open by doing thus.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksapipkʔes soʔonhokok \xe 'I threw the lizard in the fire to make him burst open.' \xv 3. tspkʔes \xe 'it burst open.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.330.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx apipne \ps v \ge crackle from fire \de to crackle from fire \mr [] \cf iple \ce to snap (said of a firebrand) \xv 1. kisʔip šəpəšiwàš hís nayisapipne ʔištəq saʔanaxpak soʔo \xe 'and Coyote said, "hiss! it does off (burns) like a firecracker broken open in the middle of the stingy one with water." ' \sd heat \sd verbs \sd senses \sd language \lg TJPH \rf Travels72 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apiqe \ps v \ge begin to fly \de to begin to fly \mr [] \cf ʔanapiqe \ce fledgeling \xv 1. kanawa siyʔaləhəy ʔan kasiyapiqe \xe 'when the birds are adult they start to fly.' \xv 2. ʔanapìqè \xe 'any kind of young bird that cannot yet fly.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.328.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apiqiłkuʔum \ps v \ge soaked through by hot water, be \de to be soaked through by hot water \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf qiłkuʔum \ce to soak in water; to be soaked through \xv 1. tsapiqiłkuʔum \xe 'it is soaked in the olla, with fire in some way, with heat.' \xv 2. tsqiłkuʔum \xe 'it is soaked through' (said of something I have left soaking to get soft). \sd verbs \sd water \sd heat \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.328.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apisaqałhaha \ps v \ge open by means of hot water \de to open by means of hot water \mr [] \cf akałhaha \ce to be gaping \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \cf saqʰałhaha \ce to open apart (said of clam shells) \xv 1. tsiyapisaqałhaha \xe '[the clams] open in hot water.' \sd heat \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd food \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.331.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apišaš \ps v \ge have gathered firewood \ge gathered firewood, have \de to have gathered firewood \mr [] \cf apiʔiš \ce to gather wood \xv 1. kišapišaš kišnunaʔli loʔkasmup \xe 'he collected firewood, he carried it to the cave.' \sd verbs \sd household \rf Roadrunner161 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apišošoy \ps v \ge tanned, be \ge dark (from exposure to the sun), be \de to be dark (from exposure to the sun); to be tanned \mr [] \cf šošoy \ce to be black; to be dark \xv 1. no ʔan kapišošoy \xe 'I am tanned with exposure to the sun.' \xv 2. tsixwapit šiʔišaw \xe 'I got sunburnt.' \xv 3. tšapišošoy hesikʰpu \xe 'my arm is burnt (by the sun).' \sd body \sd descriptions \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.331.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apiteqpey \ps v \ge burn onto \ge stick to by being burnt on to \de to burn onto; to stick to by being burnt on to \mr [] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \xv 1. heʔišʔuxšaʔaš ʔan laxulasapiteqpey \xe 'it seems [from the smell] that the mush is burning on the bottom.' \sd verbs \sd heat \sd food \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.332.1, 344.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apitsʔə \ps v \ge hot, be (very) \de to be (very) hot \ee It seems that, for the most part, the word ͽišaw is said of internal heat while ͽapitsʔə is said of internal heat transferred from or caused by another source. This could explain the subtle differences in meaning in the examples for having a fever. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalapitsʔə \pde to be very hot.NZ \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \cf sapitsʔə \ce to heat smth \cf tsʔə \ce to be spicy; to be hot (as is said of food); to burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \xv 1. tsapitsʔə hesikʔamamə \xe 'I have a fierce fever.' \xv 2. tšišaw sikʔamamə \xe 'my body is hot' (I have a fever). \xv 3. huksinay soʔo hesinə kuhusapitsʔə \xe 'I put some water on the fire so it will get hot.' \xv 4. saʔalapitsʔə soʔo \xe 'the hot water.' \xv 5. tsapitsʔə hemišup \xe 'the ground is very hot.' \xv 6. tšišaw hemišup \xe 'the ground is warm' (so that it does not burn my feet). \xv 7. hukixwap hesikʔəł \xe 'I am going to have burnt feet.' \xv 8. neʔeseqenit saʔalapitsʔə, hesikʔamamə \xe 'the heat has already left my body.' \xv 9. tsapitsʔə \xe 'it glows' (said of red hot iron or of burning sore). \sd heat \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.332.3-334.2 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx apiweleʔexš \ps v \ge dodge.REDUP \de to dodge.REDUP \cf apiwelexš \ce to dodge \sd reduplications \dt 02/Dec/2012 \lx apiwelexš \rd apiweleʔexš \ps v \ge dodge \de to dodge \mr [] \cf welexš \ce to pass \xv 1. kišapiwelexš \xe 'and he dodged.' \xv 2. šiyitšemetšeš sipaxat, tsisuyaxsił heʔisqəp lokapaxat kilokapaxat ʔan tsʰuyawəpʰpiwu lokašteleq, ʔan tšišapiwelexš šiyuštowitš \xe 'the grampuses are enemies of whales, they bite the whale in the belly and the whale tries to hit them with his tail but they dodge, they are swift.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.335.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apiwił \ps v \ge fire (in the open), be a \de to be a fire (in the open) \mr [] \ee Harrington notes that this word was not used of building a fire in a fireplace in a hut nor in a stove or oven. It was used of building a fire in a campsight where there was no established place for a fire. \cf apiwilutš \ce to be a place of a former campfire \cf sapiwił \ce to make a fire \xv 1. tšapiwilutš \xe 'where the fire was.' \xv 2. ʔiti sapiwił \xe 'the fire is burning here.' \xv 3. tsiyapiwił \xe 'there are three or more fires' ; 'there are fires in three or more places.' \sd heat \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.335.4-336.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apiwilutš \ps v \ge campfire, be a place of a former \de to be a place of a former campfire \mr [] \cf apiwił \ce to be a fire (in the open) \xv 1. tšapiwilutš \xe 'where the fire was.' \xv 2. ʔiti sapiwił \xe 'the fire is burning here.' \xv 3. tsapiwił \xe 'there is a campfire.' \sd verbs \sd places \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.336.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apixe \ps v \ge burnt out, be \de to be burnt out \ee This form may have been archaic at the time Harrington recorded it. \mr [] \cf sapixe \ce to burn smth down \xv 1. tsapiyi loʔišup ʔan tsapixe \xe 'there was a forest fire in the mountains and the forest all burnt out clean.' \xv 2. ksapixe yəlaʔa \xe 'I burnt out everything.' \xv 3. tsapiyi loʔišup ʔəhə siyʔitow \xe 'there is a fire in the mountains, a lot of smoke is rising.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd heat \sd descriptions \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.330.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apixšilili \ps v \ge hiss from heat \de to hiss from heat \mr [] \cf ixšilili \ce to screech \xv 1. tšapixšilili \xe 'the lard frying hisses' (when you drop eggs into it to fry). \sd food \sd verbs \sd onomatopoeia \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 89.330.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apiyam \a apiyám \ps v \ge fall quickly \de to fall quickly \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv apiyampi \pde to fall down.APL.LOC \cf apiyamutš \ce to be fallen \cf sapiyam \ce to let fall; to loose \cf watwatisapiyam \ce to drop smth as one moves \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. tsapiyam saʔaqiwo \xe 'a star falls.' \xn 'se cayó una estrella.' \xv 2. tsapiyam \xe 'it fell down' (said when a stone fell off a table). \xv 3. no ʔan huksapiyam hesixəp \xe 'I am going to make this stone drop down.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukšuwatipšokʔi hešaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to knock this man over.' \xv 5. tsiyapiyam ʔišə \xe 'they fell over the bank.' \xv 6. kapiyam \xe 'I fell down' (from a high place shooting through the air to a lower place). \xv 7. tsapiyam soʔoxtokow \xe 'it is snowing.' \xv 8. tsiyapiyam sikʔoqwo \xe 'my hair is falling out.' \xv 9. no ʔan kotoyi heʔismaʔam sikuw̓ ʔan nelasapiyampiyit šiyʔixpanəš hesiktəq \xe 'I slept under an oak tree and an acorn fell down and hit me on the face.' \xv 10. tsapiyamli lokasapiyi \xe 'the forest or hill fire is descending, burning farther down the hill side.' \xv 11. tsiyapiyam ʔisʰa \xe 'his teeth are falling out' (said of a 7 year old child). \xv 12. kinelasapiyampiyit \xe 'a bird flew down on top of me.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd body \sd meteorology \sd body \sd path \sd manner \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.829; 89.27.1-28.2, 321.4-325.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apiyamutš \ps v \ge fallen, be \de to be fallen \mr [] \cf apiyam \ce to fall quickly \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. lokaštəkšəʔəš kaqʰaq ʔan tšaqništaqapqap šixšo sineʔesiyapiyamutš \xe 'the color of the antelope resembles that of fallen sycamore leaves.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd chronometry \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.326.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apiyət \ps v \ge perform (sing) incantations at night \de to perform (sing) incantations at night \ee Harrington notes explicitly that this verb does not convey an element of singing. However, he directly translates it as involving singing. It does seem clear, however, that this verb indicates the performance of some type of magic. \mr [] \cf ʔałtsapiyət \ce dirge singer \cf napiyət \ce to be intense; to be strong \cf sapiyət \ce to begin to sing \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \sd verbs \sd mythology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.326.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apiyi \ps v \ge forest fire, be a \ge conflagration, be a \de to be a forest fire or conflagration in the mountains \ee This verb not used of being sunburnt. \mr [] \xv 1. tsapiyi loʔišup ʔan tsapixe \xe 'there was a conflagration in the mountains or a forest fire and the forest all burnt out clean.' \xv 2. tsapiyi loʔišup ʔəhə siyʔitow \xe 'there is a fire in the mountains, a lot of smoke is rising.' \sd nature \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.326.4-327.1. 330.2; 91.22.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apoʔowow \ps v \ge bleach from heat \de to bleach from heat \ee This verb alone cannot be used of a shell bleached by sun or fire. Harrington notes, "black mussel turns white when burning it for lime. Inf. saw people burn tʔo to make cal for preparing hominy." \mr [] \cf ʔowow \ce to be white \xv 1. tsapoʔowow \xe 'it is bleached out with the sun.' \xv 2. huksinay hesinə heʔištuwaš kihusapoʔowow \xe 'I am going to put this shell in the fire so it will get bleached out.' \sd culture \sd ocean \sd colors \sd verbs \sd stative \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.337.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apšək \ps v \ge fill \ge put smth into \de to put smth into; to fill \xv 1. huksutiyək (Ϟor hukapšək) šaʔałtšum hešikmeš \xe 'I am going to put money into my leather purse' (both verbs mean the same). \xv 2. apšək kakišimeš \xe 'put it in that sack.' \xv 3. hukapšək hesikatu hešimeš \xe 'I am going to put the cat into this sack.' \xv 4. kapšək hesitimew̓ šiqštopo \xe 'I stuff the rabbit with stinkbeetles.' \xv 5. kapšəkwu hesitimew̓ šiqštopo \xe 'I stuff the rabbits with stinkbeetles.' \xv 6. piyapsekuswu heʔišimaʔam soʔonhokok \xe 'you shall stuff it with lizards.' \xv 7. kapšəkwaš \xe 'I filled a sack.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \sd locations \sd path \lg JPH \rf 89.337.4-339.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apuʔuw \ps v \ge peck \de to peck \mr [] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \xv 1. lakʰan ʔisqisə payikʔulahuki ʔan tsapuʔuw, mulašaqutšiəʔəʔətš ʔan nimiš ʔisapuʔuw sułqisə \xe 'the hen pecks quickly, she is not very smart but nevertheless grans her food.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.346.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apuliʔiš \ps v \ge grab smth suddenly \de to grab smth suddenly \mr [] \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. no ʔan kapuliʔiš \xe 'I suddenly grab a thing.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.340.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apuqštahay \ps v \ge become red (immediately) \ge red (immediately), become \de to become red (immediately) \mr [] \cf uqštahay \ce to be red \xv 1. lakekš lokakšatiwə kałʔiyʔuw, yəlaʔa heʔisʔamamə lokašiyʔuwutš kaštep ʔan tšapuqštahay \xe 'they only bite my wife, all her body where the fleas bite her is a little red.' \sd verbs \sd colors \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.339.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apuškeʔey \ps v \ge hooked, be \de to be hooked \mr [] \cf keʔey \ce to hook \cf šapuškeʔey \ce to hook smth onto; to seize smth with a hook \xv 1. tšapuškeʔey \xe 'it is already hooked.' \xv 2. kšapuškeypi sipon̓ \xe 'I hooked it into a palo.' \xv 3. kʰkeʔey \xe 'I hook it with a hook' (I have a kind of a hook and hook it around something or into something so as to pull it towards me, said of a boathook especially). \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd animals \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.340.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apuštʔey \ps v \ge touch quickly and pull back quickly \de to touch quickly and pull back quickly \mr [] \cf uštʔey \ce to touch \xv 1. no ʔan kapuštʔey \xe 'I touch a thing quick with my hand.' \xv 2. kuštʔey \xe 'I touch a thing holding my hand on it and not jerking it away in a hurry.' \sd verbs \sd heat \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.340.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputi- \ps vpre \ge by/with the current \ge current, by/with \ge INSTR.current \de by/with the current \ee This prefix indicates that the root is accomplished involving or by means of currents of water. Glossed as INSTR.current. \cf ʔalaputinałnaʔał \ce animal that moves in the ocean \cf ʔanaputiilikʔe \ce animal that is motionless in the current \cf ʔanaputiteqpey \ce shellfish which cling to rocks \cf aputiʔišmotš \ce to run together in a narrow (as is said of water) \cf aputikaʔaš \ce to be flooded with the ocean current \cf aputikinomnomoy \ce to go around (said of water) \cf aputimaxnaʔał \ce to go (?slowly) with the current \cf aputinaʔał \ce to have current; ?to go with the current \cf aputinikʔoy \ce to make undertow \cf aputinikʔoyi \ce to make undertow \cf aputiqipš \ce to be filled by means of water \cf aputiseqe \ce to be removed by water \cf aputišošoy \ce to be made black with the current \cf aputitšʔə \ce to have a strong/swift current \cf aputixiłwaya \ce to float with the current \cf aputiyam \ce to run downhill (said of water) \cf aputiyitʔexš \ce to flow broadly \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd water \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg JPH \rf 90.70.2; 94.342.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aputiʔišmotš \a ʔaputiʔišmotš \va (aputiʔišmotš) \ps v \ge run together in a narrow (as is said of water) \de to run together in a narrow (as is said of water) \mr [] \cf ʔišmotš \ce to gather; to unite \xv 1. tšaputiʔišmotš kilotanimaha ʔan tšaputiʔitʔexš \xe 'the water runs all together further down the stream.' \xv 2. tšitʔexš lokoʔo \xe 'the water is spread as in a shallow river.' \xv 3. tšaputiʔišmotš \xe 'the water all flows together [in a] narrow.' \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd motion \sd water \sd nature \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.341.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputikaʔaš \ps v \ge flooded with the ocean current, be \de to be flooded with the ocean current \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaputikaʔaš \pde to be flooded with the ocean current.NZ \cf kaʔaš \ce to be a pool; to be pooled up \xv 1. tšaputikaʔaš (Ϟor ʔalaputikaʔaš) \xe 'it is flooded by/with the current.' \xv 2. lokaʔalaputikaʔaš \xe 'a place where water runs in a stream and pools up.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd stative \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.342.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aputikinomnomoy \ps v \ge go around (said of water) \de to go around (said of water) \ee Harrington notes that his consultant knew that an eddy in a river was called 'remolino' in Spanish. In Ventureño, ͽʔontoqots 'whirlwind' cannot be said of an eddy in the water. The consultant had never heard this word and thought that ͽtsaputikinomnomoy is the word [for 'eddy']. \mr [] \cf kinomoy \ce to turn around \xv 1. kʰkinomnomoy \xe 'I stand and turn myself round and round as on a pivot.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd water \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.342.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputimaxnaʔał \ps v \ge go (?slowly) with the current \de to go (?slowly) with the current \ee Harrington notes that the consultant understood this word partly as 'goes with current' \mr [] \cf maxnaʔał \ce to drag (oneself) along (as is said of the movement of a snake or worm); to be stretched out \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \sd ocean \sd water \sd nature \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.342.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputinaʔał \ps v \ge have current \ge ?go with current \de to have current; ?to go with the current \mr [] \cf ʔalaputinałnaʔał \ce animal that moves in the ocean \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. tsaputinaʔał \xe 'it has current.' \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd water \sd motion \sd nature \lg TJPH \lg JPH \rf 89.343.1; 90.120.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputinikʔoy \ps v \ge make undertow \ge undertow, make \de to make undertow \mr [] \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.70.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputinikʔoyi \ps v \ge make undertow \ge undertow, make \de to make undertow \mr [] \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \xv 1. neesaputinikʔoyi \xe 'it makes undertow.' \xv 2. kanawa saputinikʔoyi lokaʔikmen̓ \xe 'when the wave draws out.' \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd water \sd manner \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.343.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputiqipš \ps v \ge filled by means of water, be \de to be filled by means of water \ee This is used when a river fills with silt. \mr [] \cf iqip \ce to fill; to be full \xv 1. neʔekayusaputiqipš siqas \xe '[the pool in the river] is already filled with sand.' \sd verbs \sd water \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.342.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputiseqe \ps v \ge removed by water, be \de to be removed by water \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \xv 1. lokaʔo ʔan tseqweł ʔisxʔomoho, tsnunałwuʔu siqas kasixəpxəʔəp, tsaputiseqe siqas \xe 'the water makes a hollow or hole, it carries away the sand and rocks, it removes the sand. tsʰeqe alone is not clear here.' \sd water \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.344.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aputišošoy \ps v \ge made black with the current, be \ge black with the current, be made \de to be made black with the current \ee This is said of black sand being deposited by the current. \mr [] \cf šošoy \ce to be black; to be dark \xv 1. losiqas ʔan tšaputišošoy saʔałwakʔay \xe 'the sand is made black on its surface (by the current).' \sd verbs \sd colors \sd water \sd ocean \sd descriptions \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.344.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputitsʔə \cf aputitšʔə \ce to have a strong/swift current \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aputitšʔə \a aputitsʔə \va (aputitsʔə) \ps v \ge have strong current \ge current, have strong \de to have a strong/swift current \ee Harrington gives a separate entry ͽaputitsʔə, but by all accounts this seems to be a variation of the entry here. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałʔaputitšʔə \pde to have a strong/swift current.NZ \xv 1. sałmušaputitšʔə \xe 'water where the current is not swift.' \xv 2. kaqiwəwə kałtə loʔkaʔałʔaputitšʔə \xe 'I swim against the strong current.' \xv 3. kumeł ʔisaputitsʔə heʔišišliyək mitšumaš kawima \xe 'there is a strong or bad current between Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd water \sd descriptions \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.344.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aputixiłwaya \ps v \ge float with the current \de to float with the current \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \cf xiłwaya \ce to float \xv 1. tsaputixiłwaya \xe 'it goes floating along with a current' (in the sea or in a river). \xv 2. tsxiłxiłwaya \xe 'it goes floating.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd ocean \sd manner \sd motion \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.343.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputiyam \ps v \ge run downhill (said of water) \de to run downhill (said of water) \mr [] \ee This does not mean 'waterfall' \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. tsaputiyam \xe 'it runs downhill' (said of water). \sd verbs \sd water \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.341.3 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx aputiyitʔexš \ps v \ge flow broadly \de to flow broadly \ee This is said of a river with a shallow bottom that covers a wide area. \mr [] \cf itʔexš \ce to be spread out; to be broad \xv 1. tšaputiʔišmotš kilotanimaha ʔan tšaputiyitʔexš \xe 'the water runs all together and further down the stream it runs calmer' (i.e., is spread out). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd water \sd manner \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.341.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apʰək \ps v \ge stop crying \de to stop crying \ee It seems this word cannot be used as a command. \cf sapʰək \ce to stop smn's crying \xv 1. no ʔan hukapʰək \xe 'I am going to stop crying' (usually said of children). \xv 2. huksapʰək losiqunup \xe 'I am going over to that child to make him stop crying.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.350.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apʔaʔap \a apʔaʔapʰ \ps n \ge house.REDUP \ge living place.REDUP \de house.REDUP; living place.REDUP \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \sd reduplications \dt 17/Dec/2011 \lx apʔətʔ \sc ?Eopsetta jordani \ps n \ge sole (fish species) \de sole (fish species) \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.54.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aq- \hm 1 \a ax- \a eq-1 \a ox- \va (ax-1, eq-1, ?ex-1, ox-) \ps vpre \ge with the mouth \ge mouth, with the \ge INSTR.mouth \de with the mouth \ee Glossed as INSTR.mouth. \et *aq- \ec Compare BOI aq- ‘with the mouth,’ CRZ aq- ‘with the mouth,’ INZ aq- ‘with the mouth,’ PUY aq- ‘with the mouth,’ OBI aq- ⁓ q- ‘with the mouth’ (Klar 1977: 60-61) \cf ʔałʔałtšaxšiłtš \ce fisherman (professionally employed) \cf ʔalaqkʔapš \ce heron \cf ʔalaxtəməmə \ce bull-roarer \cf ʔaqkəyəmi \ce to straighten (arrow) in fire \cf ʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \ce arrow straightener \cf ʔaqləw \ce throat/neck \cf ʔaqləwənəʔəš \ce gullet; Adam's apple \cf ʔaqkʔapəʔəš \ce smth long and thin that grasps items; tweezers; tongs; pliers; chopsticks \cf ʔaqmilaʔaš \ce drinking cup \cf ʔaqyoyonəʔəš \ce Adam's apple \cf ʔaqšiwiłmu \ce dining place; place (table or floor) where meals are regularly eaten \cf ʔaxkatəš \ce leftovers (smn else’s) \cf ʔaxsił \ce bite \cf ʔaxšilaʔaš \ce fangs \cf aqkəkš \ce to eat only a single kind of food, straight and unmixed with other things; to eat only one kind of food at a meal \cf aqkum \ce to be full of food; to eat to satisfaction \cf aqkʔap \ce to pinch between two items (as with chopsticks, forefinger and middle finger, buttocks) \cf aqmaxšuy \ce to give a cry at; to call out at \cf aqmaxwuhu \ce to pull a string out of one's mouth between the teeth \cf aqmiʔił \ce to fetch water \cf aqmił \ce to drink \cf aqputs \ce to suck out (as a bee draws nectar from a flower) \cf aqskʔəsə \ce to chew \cf aqskʔəy \ce to grind (teeth); to creak (as is said of trees bending in the wind) \cf aqsumu \ce to test smth; to try smth; to taste smth; to prove \cf aqwilili \ce to sing (said of a certain genre) \cf axakš \ce to give (generally said of food) \cf axiwon \ce to grunt \cf axkat \ce leftovers; swill \cf axkik \ce to gnaw \cf axlala \ce to be in the mouth of \cf axlalanitš \ce to have smth in one’s mouth; to be with smth in one’s mouth \cf axlele \ce to squeak \cf axiqšihitš \ce to be noon; ?to be the south wind blowing \cf axnapay \ce to expel from the mouth; to vomit out \cf axsił \ce to bite \cf axsis \ce to eat dry powder \cf axtapa \ce to eat raw \cf axtatʔa \ce to bite on (without biting into) \cf axtəməmə \ce to buzz \cf axtitš \ce to diet; to eat certain things and not others \cf axtʔaʔatš \ce to make a din \cf axtšʔeq \ce to slice with one's teeth \cf axyik \ce to feed \cf axʔəhəʔəʔən \ce to glut; to consume inordinately \cf eqtete \ce to taste \cf ex-1 \ce having to do with teeth \cf exlele \ce to cry out \cf oxkʰonono \ce to grunt \cf oxnoqš \ce to cut with one’s teeth; to break with one’s teeth \cf saqkʔap \ce to cause to be pinched \cf saqwuhu \ce to give a war cry by slapping hand repeatedly over the mouth \cf saxlala \ce to hold in the mouth \cf saxsił \ce to cause to bite; to catch \cf saxtəməmənəʔəš \ce bullroarer; buzzer \cf suyaqmił \ce to thirst \cf suyaqmilutš \ce to be thirsty \cf šaqtitap \ce hot beverage (coffee, tea, etc.) \cf šaqutašəwš \ce to ask (?speak up) \cf šaxšiʔiłtš \ce to fish (from anywhere) \cf šaxšilaʔaš \ce fishhook \cf tatʔaqləw \ce to grab by the throat \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd body \lg TJPH \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx aq- \a ax-2 \a eq-2 \a ex-2 \va (ax-2, eq-2, ex-2) \hm 2 \ps vpre \ge FRM \ge formative verbal prefix \de formative verbal prefix \ee The precise meeting of this prefix is difficult to determine. It forms a new word with meaning similar to but different from the root. Glossed as FRM. \cf ʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \ce thankful one \cf ʔanaqtskutanpinpin \ce killdeer; small beach birds \cf ʔanaqtskutipoxpox \ce mole \cf ʔaqnəpmu \ce where the old women get together and make coras \cf ʔaqtšummu \ce place (house) of a loved one \cf ʔaxlupep \ce stepchild \cf ʔuxpuyaʔaš \ce blowhole; instrument for sprinkling floor \cf alaqkuʔum \ce to be grateful towards smn \cf aqnəʔəp \ce to make/weave a cora \cf aqpalamaš \ce to make less of others; to make more of oneself with the purpose of making less of others; to excel at gaming \cf aqpalamay \ce to think oneself better than others \cf aqpaluniyəw \ce to search with one's feet \cf aqpan \ce to lend \cf aqtšum \ce to like; to take a liking to \cf aqtšwawatš \ce to be difficult to do \cf aqułkuw \ce to wake up early; to get up early \cf aquškuy \ce to point at \cf aqwəy \ce to feather (arrows) \cf aqwiʔiʔin \ce to be the very last \cf aqwin \ce to be the only; to be only; to be the last \cf axmay \ce to trespass against \cf axməkə \ce to be deep \cf axmuš \ce to praise \cf axwiʔił \ce to come only so far \cf axwilutš \ce to have reached so far \cf axyam \ce to descend quickly \cf eleqpeyus \ce to taste like \cf eqseqenli \ce to direct smth to smwh \cf exneqenpi \ce to attend to one’s business; to respect; to have devotion to \cf expen \ce to sing (to) \cf expetš \ce to sing (for dancers) \cf naqiwəwə \ce to carry while swimming \cf naxutinaʔał \ce to do/go rowdily \cf naxwiʔił \ce to suffice only so much \cf saquwałmaypi \ce to shade smn \cf saxməkə \ce to make deep \cf saxsaxmasəx \ce to do three at a time \cf saxsaxpakeʔet \ce to do one by one \cf saxsaxtu \ce to do two at a time \cf suxpuy \ce to add water \cf unaqułkuw \ce to go out at dawn \cf uqpuy \ce to slop water onto \cf uxpuy \ce to blow water; to spout \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx aqapiʔiš \ps v \ge buy \de to buy \ee Harrington notes that his speaker heard this word but never used it personally. \sy ispuwe \sd verbs \sd common \sd economics \lg JPH \rf 89.16.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx aqaqmiʔił \ps v \ge drink.REDUP \de to drink.REDUP \cf aqmił \ce to drink \sd reduplications \dt 18/May/2011 \lx aqaqskʔəy \ps v \ge grind (teeth).REDUP \ge creak.REDUP \de to grind (teeth).REDUP; to creak.REDUP \cf aqskʔəy \ce to grind (teeth); to creak (as is said of trees bending in the wind) \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqaspił \ps v \ge wear bangs \ge bangs, wear \de to wear bangs \ee Harrington notes that his consultant knew of a people that came from Tejon called ͽʔiyʔalaqaspił, or, 'wearers of bangs.' This does not refer to wearing/having a toupee. despite use of the word tupé in translation. \xv 1. no ʔan kaqaspił (Ϟor no ʔan kʔalaqaspił) \xe 'I wear bangs.' \xv 2. sikaqaspił \xe 'my hairpiece' (in Muwu dialect). \xv 3. konoqšit kihukaqaspił ! \xe 'cut me a bangs!' \sd body \sd people \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd dialects \lg JPH \rf 89.16.2-3 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx aqi- \ps vpre \ge INSTR.outwards \de of movement outwards or away from \cf ʔalaqiwohotš \ce land snail \cf ʔalaxtaqimayə \ce prairie dog \cf aqitsʔətsʔə \ce to sharpen a point on \cf aqipkʔes \ce to open outwards (as is said of hatching eggs) \cf aqisə \ce to powder; to grind finely \cf aqitsʔətsʔə \ce to sharpen a point on \cf aqtaqimayə \ce to be dusk; ?to go out at dusk \cf axtaqimayə \ce to set out in the evening \sd manner \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx aqikʔik \ps v \ge bothersome, be \de to be bothersome \ee This is said of something that bothers the nose. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqikʔik \pde to be bothersome.NZ \xv 1. mukpošʰotš hałkʔalaqikʔik kilatšə sikʔetsʰe \xe 'who knows what disturbs my nostrils that makes me sneeze.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.171.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqilisisi \ps v \ge disturb \ge bother \de to disturb; to bother \mr [] \sy saqikʔik \cf naqilisisi \ce to hinder; to inconvenience \xv 1. musʔił tsaqilisisi \xe 'nothing bothers him.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.17.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqimowon \ps v \ge crazy/mad, be \ge mad/crazy, be \de to be crazy/mad \xv 1. tsaqimowón \xe 'he is crazy' ; 'he is mad.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd common \sd emotions \sd body \sd health \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.17.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqipkʔes \ps v \ge open outwards (as is said of hatching eggs) \de to open outwards (as is said of hatching eggs) \mr [] \cf pkʔes \ce to burst open; to open from the inside out \xv 1. kikasiyaqipkʔes \xe 'the eggs hatch out.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd manner \sd path \sd birds \sd reptiles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.18.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqisə \ps v \ge powder \ge grind finely \de to powder; to grind finely \mr [] \cf aqišətš \ce to be finely ground (such as powder is) \xv 1. hukaqisə \xe 'I pounded it up to a fine powder.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaqisə \xe 'I grind it finely.' \xv 3. neʔešaqišətš \xe 'it is already pounded up.' \xv 4. hukitete \xe 'I am going to grind it' (but just break it apart, not grind it into a powder). \sd verbs \sd food \sd tools \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.18.2-4 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx aqismo \ps v \ge assist financially \de to assist financially \ee Harrington notes that this is an older word for this meaning. The word ͽnismo means the "same thing" but was a newer word at the time Harrington recorded both words. \sy nismo \cf ʔaqišmonəš \ce done business \xv 1. kaqismonił \xe 'I help you with money.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd economics \sd archaisms \lg JPH \rf 89.20.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqišətš \ps v \ge ground, be finely \ge finely ground, be \de to be finely ground (such as powder is) \mr [] \cf aqisə \ce to powder; to grind finely \xv 1. tšaqišətš \xe 'this is ground fine.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.19.2-20.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqitetetš \ps v \ge bruise oneself \ge become bruised \ge bruised, to become \de to bruise oneself; to become bruised \mr [] \cf itete \ce to pound; to hammer \xv 1. kaqitetetš hesikpu \xe 'I bruise myself on the hand.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.20.3; 92.21.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqitsuʔum \cf aqitsʰuʔum \ce to be a sign; to be a signal; to make a sign; to make a signal; to mark smth \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqitsʰuʔum \a aqitsuʔum \va (aqitsuʔum) \ps v \ge sign, be a \ge signal, be a \ge make a sign \ge sign, make a \ge make a signal \ge signal, make a \ge mark smth \de to be a sign; to be a signal; to make a sign; to make a signal; to mark smth \ee This is said of a sign that one might put in a road to give point the way for somebody else. It is not used of hand signals. Note both transitive and intransitive interpretations. \cf ʔaqitsʰuʔum \ce signal; sign; mark \xv 1. kasaqitsuʔum lokakikoko \xe 'the sign of the cross.' \xv 2. kapaqitsuʔum \xe 'it is your signal.' \xv 3. tsaqitsuʔum \xe 'it is a sign.' \xv 4. ksinay sikaqitsuʔum loʔišliyək kapon̓ loʔisaluʔułyiʔin \xe 'I make a mark lengthwise along the middle of the board (that I am going to make into a keel).' \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.21.2-22.3; Tomol75 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqitsʔətsʔə \ps v \ge sharpen a point on \de to sharpen a point on \mr [] \cf tsʔə \ce to be spicy; to be hot (as is said of food); to burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \cf tsʔətsʔə \ce to be sharp \xv 1. kaqitsʔətsʔə \xe 'I put a sharp point on a pencil or anything.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \sd tools \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.21.1 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx aqiwəwə \a aqiwəwən \va (aqiwəwən-) \ps v \ge swim \de to swim \ee As a stem, this verb is necessary that one specify how one is swimming (on one's back, treading water, etc.). Otherwise the verb ͽaqiwəwənli is used. \mr [] \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI aqʼiwiwin (Beeler 1978: 173) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqiwəwə \pde swim.NZ \pdl v \pdv aqiwəwənli \pde to swim.DIR \pdv aqiwəwənpiʔi \pde to swim.APL.LOC \pdv aqiwəwəntiʔiy \pde to swim.CIS \cf ʔałʔalaqiwəwə \ce swimmer \cf naqiwəwə \ce to carry while swimming \cf saqiwəwə \ce to make swim \xv 1. kaqiwəwə \xe 'I swim' ; 'I am a swimmer.' \xv 2. kaxaliyexene sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I am swimming on my back.' \xv 3. kaliyexe sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I swim on my back' (lit., 'I go swimming mouth up.') \xv 4. kaxinowo sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I am swimming standing.' \xv 5. tsaqiwotoqloʔop ʔisaqiwəwə \xe 'he swims face-down.' \xv 6. tsaqinowonli ʔisaqiwəwə \xe 'he swims standing' (treading water). \xv 7. kaqinowo sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I am swimming standing.' \xv 8. hukaqiwəwə lošaʔałyəwəš \xe 'I am going to swim in this pool in the river.' \xv 9. tsaqiwəwənli \xe 'he is going swimming.' \xv 10. tsaqiwəwəntiʔiy \xe 'he comes swimming.' \xv 11. husaqiwəwənpiʔi hesimuwu = hesaqiwəwə hesimuwu \xe 'I am going to swim in the ocean.' \xv 12. ʔałʔalaqiwəwə \xe 'swimmer.' \xv 13. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalaqiwəwə \xe 'swimming birds.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd water \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.23-26; 92.24.1-25.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqiwohotš \ps v \ge dizzy, be \de to be dizzy \mr [] \cf ʔalaqiwohotš \ce land snail \xv 1. kaqiwohotš \xe 'I am dizzy.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \sd health \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.216.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqkəkš \a ʔaqʰkəkš \ph ˀɑqʰkǝkʃ \ps v \ge eat only a single kind of food, straight and unmixed with other things \ge eat only one kind of food at a meal \de to eat only a single kind of food, straight and unmixed with other things; to eat only one kind of food at a meal \mr [] \cf kəkš \ce to be one’s own; to be alone \xv 1. kaqʰkəkš \xe 'I eat a thing straight or unmixed with other things' ; 'I eat only a single kind of food at a meal.' \xv 2. kaqkəkš sipilohoł \xe 'I eat only beans pure without anything to go with them' (said of soldiers that had served at San Francisco and were fed only beans). \xv 3. kapikəkš lokaʔaliyaš \xe 'you are going alone on this road.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.30.4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx aqkum \ph ɑqʰkʊm \a aqʰkum \a axkum \va (aqʰkum, axkum) \ps v \ge full of food, be \ge eat to satisfaction \de to be full of food; to eat to satisfaction \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \xv 1. neʔe kaqʰkum \xe 'I am full' (said when satisfied after eating). \xv 2. ʔalaqʰkum \xe 'he is full of food.' \xv 3. tsaqʰkum \xe 'it is full' (said of stomach). \xv 4. kanawa siyaqkum lokaʔałtołmow kinelašiyaqšpəyə \xe 'when they get full of rotten meat they at last get dizzy.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.31; 90.24.1; 92.30.2-32.1; WeirB13 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqkʔap \ph ɑqʰkˀɑp \ps v \ge pinch between two items (as with chopsticks, forefinger and middle finger, buttocks) \de to pinch between two items (as with chopsticks, forefinger and middle finger, buttocks) \ee Refers to the type of grasping done with two opposing forces. Not generally used of the type of grasping a hand does. \mr [] \cf ʔaqkʔapəʔəš \ce smth long and thin that grasps items; tweezers; tongs; pliers; chopsticks \cf saqkʔap \ce to cause to be pinched \xv 1. no ʔan kaqʰkʔap \xe 'I seize a thing as between two tongs.' \xv 2. kaqkʔap šikʔitškʔə \xe 'I have my thong tight in the crack between my buttocks.' \xv 3. kaqkʔap sikpantalon \xe 'I wear my trousers pull up tight by my suspenders.' \xv 4. tsaqʰkʔapit \xe 'I got my finger pinched' (between a table and a desk). \sd verbs \sd body \sd tools \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.32-33; 90.63.1; 92.32.2-33.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqləw \ps n \ge swallow \ge ingest \de to swallow; to ingest \mr [<ʔaqləw (throat) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \ee The difference between ͽaqləw and ͽaqləwə is unclear. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaqʼliwin (Beeler 1978: 173) \sy aqləwə \cf ʔałtipʔaqləw \ce large-necked one \cf ʔaqləw \ce throat/neck \cf ʔaqləwənəʔəš \ce gullet; Adam's apple \cf tatʔaqləw \ce to grab by the throat \xv 1. tsaqləw saʔaqtəwəw \xe 'he is swallowing wind.' \sd anatomy \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.34-36.3, 254.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqləwə \a aqʰləʔwə̀ \ps v \ge swallow \ge ingest \de to swallow; to ingest \mr [] \ee The difference between ‘aqləw’ and ‘aqləwə’ is unclear. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaqʼliwin (Beeler 1978: 173) \sy aqləw \cf ʔaqləw \ce throat/neck \cf ʔaqləwənəʔəš \ce gullet; Adam's apple \xv 1. hukaqlə́wə̀ sipíldora \xe 'I am going to swallow a pill.' \xv 2. hukaqləwə hesukilistu \xe 'I assist communion' (lit., 'I swallow Jesus Christ'). \xv 3. lasʰakałhaʔanli kikašulišwu lokatšotšonəʔəš kʔuwe musaqləwunwu \xe 'he merely seizes them in his mouth, he does not swallow them.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.36.4-37.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqmaxšuy \ps v \ge give a cry at \ge call out at \de to give a cry at; to call out at \mr [] \xv 1. tšaqmaxšuy \xe 'he cries something at.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.37.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqmaxwuhu \ps v \ge pull string out of one's mouth between teeth \de to pull a string out of one's mouth between the teeth \mr [] \xv 1. kaqmaxwuhu \xe 'I pull a string out of [?my] mouth between my teeth.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.37.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqmayətš \ps v \ge sup \ge eat dinner \de to sup; to eat dinner \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. puʔpú kanawa smayú ʔan šnunalí saʔantipšnekèy kiʔalaxuwəł ʔan tšnunali soʔoxwo ka sipistuk kašišaqšmayə̀tš \xe 'and Roadrunner, when it was evening, took home the lizards and Coyote took home his gophers and squirrels and they supped on them.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.1087.2/Roadrunner16-18 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqmiʔił \ps v \ge fetch water \de to fetch water \ee This should mean 'to go over there and drink,' but instead it has this idiomatic meaning. \mr [] \cf aqmił \ce to drink \cf unaqmił \ce to get water early (in the morning) \xv 1. hukaqmiʔił \xe 'I am going to fetch water.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.38 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqmił \rd aqaqmiʔił \a aqmìł \a aqmil \a áqmil \a aqʰmil \a aqʰmił \ps v \ge drink \de to drink \et *aq-mihi-l-ha \ec Compare BOI ʼaqmil ‘to drink,’ CRZ ʼaqmil ‘to drink; to be thirsty’ and mihi ‘water,’ INZ ʼaqmil ‘to drink,’ OBI ʼaqmiłha ‘to be thirsty’ (Klar 1977: 22) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv aqmiliʔiy \pde to drink.REP \cf ʔaqmilaʔaš \ce drinking cup \cf aqmiʔił \ce to fetch water \cf aqmilašpi \ce to drink with/at \cf saqmił \ce to make drink; to give drink \cf suyaqmił \ce to thirst \cf suyaqmilutš \ce to be thirsty \cf unaqmił \ce to get water early (in the morning) \xv 1. kika mukaqmiliʔiy \xe 'I didn't drink any more medicine.' \xv 2. kaʔaškom̓ šiʔišaw tsuwʔuwliloʔo kahe tsaqaqmiʔił soʔoxšoləš latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw \xe 'for ten days she kept feasting and drinking urine every day.' \xv 3. neʔekaqmiłwaš \xe 'I already drank some water.' \xv 4. masəx siwoteya sikalaqmił \xe 'I drank three bottlesful.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd water \lg JPH \rf 89.41; Coyo84 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqmilašpi \ps v \ge drink with/at \de to drink with/at \mr [] \cf aqmił \ce to drink \xv 1. heʔištuwaʔaš ʔan tsamaqmilašpì soʔo \xe 'this shell is used to drink water.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd water \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 81.238.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqnəʔəp \ps v \ge make/weave a cora \ge weave/make a cora \de to make/weave a cora \ee This verb indicates that mexmey̓, Indian rush, is being used. \mr [] \cf ʔaqnəpmu \ce where the old women get together and make coras \xv 1. hukaqnə́ʔəp siqušiwaš \xe 'I am going to make by coiled basketry a cora.' \xv 2. hukaqnəʔəp siquyuwaš \xe 'I am going to make a cora.' \sd culture \sd basketry \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.40.3-41.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqni \a aqni- \a aqʰni- \va (aqni-) \ps prepnd \ge resemble \de to resemble \ee Applegate (1970:369) refers to this prefix in INZ as a ‘verbal force prefix’ and defines this prefix as ‘to resemble N.’ In INZ, with verb stems, Applegate says this refers to mental activity, such as thinking or perception. \cf ʔaqnipaʔaš \ce taste \cf ʔaqniyəwus \ce abundance \cf aqniʔił \ce to be visible; to be clear; to remain \cf aqniʔip \ce to have the taste of \cf aqnipʔow \ce to appear sagging; to appear bent \cf aqnisisi \ce to stink; to smell bad; to have a bad smell \cf aqniskʔaya \ce to spoil; to sour (as with food gone bad); to be sour; to be tart; to be bitter; to be disagreeable \cf aqnišow \ce to smell like tobacco \cf aqnitoxlołkʔoy \ce to listen (as with ear turned to catch the sound); to reflect on (as in thinking about) \cf aqnitpen \ce to remember smn/smth \cf aqnitʔołkoy \ce to be situated with the head cocked (listening); to listen \cf aqnitšum \ce to have a pleasant smell/taste; to be good or pleasing \cf aqnitšʰoʔo \ce to taste bitter \cf aqniwaxanəš \ce to resemble feces \cf aqniwił \ce to exchange ideas \cf aqnixəp \ce to resemble stone \cf aqnixułtsʔəyə \ce to be sick in the stomach \cf aqniyəwus \ce to will; to desire \cf axneqpey \ce to resemble (in smell) \cf axnipaxat \ce to resemble a whale \cf axnipkʔəš \ce to be sour \cf axnitipo \ce to taste like salt; to taste salty \cf axtšaqnitšum \ce to resemble smth delicious \cf suwaqniʔił \ce to be clearly audible \xv 1. tsaqnixəp \xe 'it resembles a rock' ; 'it has the figure of a rock.' \xv 2. tsaqnitukʔem̓, kʔuwe mutukʔem̓ \xe 'it seems to be a lion, but it is not.' \xv 3. lokaštəqšəʔəš kaqʰaq ʔan tšaqništaqapqap šiqšo sineʔesiyapiyamutš \xe 'the color of the antelope resemples that of fallen sycamore leaves.' \xv 4. kanawa šaqša kilistu loʔisantakulus, tšaqša tsaqnilyos hamu tsaqnaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'when Christ died on the cross did He die as a man or a god?' \xv 5. mukpošʰotš tsaqnitšʰe \xe 'I do not know, it looks like a bone that the dog has in its mouth.' \sd vprepounds \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.42.3-44.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqni- \cf aqni \ce to resemble \sd variations \dt 22/Dec/2011 \lx aqniʔił \a aqʰniʔìł \ps v \ge visible, be \ge clear, be \ge remain \de to be visible; to be clear; to remain \mr [] \ee The word ͽtsaqniʔił is used only of daylight – confusion arises because of extended uses of Spanish 'claro,' 'bright; clear; light.' \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf suwaqniʔił \ce to be clearly audible \xv 1. tsaqniʔil \xe 'it is clear/daylight; it is visible.' \xv 2. tsaqniʔił lokašʔəwənəš \xe 'the scar of the cut remains.' \xv 3. tsaqniʔił hekakʔəwənəš \xe 'I have my scar here' (on my hand). \sd senses \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqniʔip \ps v \ge taste of, have the \ge have the taste of \de to have the taste of \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqnipʰpi \pde to have the taste of.APL.NZ \cf ʔaqnipaʔaš \ce taste \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf aqsumu \ce to test smth; to try smth; to taste smth; to prove \cf susʔamha \ce to sense (sight, hearing, taste, temperature) \xv 1. nełtsaqniʔip ? \xe 'how does it taste?' / 'what taste does it have?' \xv 2. nełtsaqniʔip hesuʔuwmu ? \xe 'how does this food taste?' \xv 3. wašətš ʔisaqnipaʔaš \xe 'it has a good taste.' \xv 4. wašətš šalaqnipʰpi \xe 'it has a good taste.' \xv 5. musʔił ʔalaqnipʰpi \xe 'it has no taste.' \xv 6. tsaqniʔip siyop \xe 'it has a tarry taste.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.46.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqnipʔow \ps v \ge appear sagging \ge sagging, appear \ge appear bent \ge bent, appear \de to appear sagging; to appear bent \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. kaqnipʔow \xe 'It seems that I am warped.' \xv 2. huknipʔow sipon̓ \xe 'I am going to bend a stick.' \xv 3. kpʔow \xe 'I have body bent forward like stoopshouldered.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd senses \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.49.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqnisisi \ps v \ge stink \ge smell bad \ge have a bad smell \de to stink; to smell bad; to have a bad smell \ee Harrington notes: ͽq not ͽx. \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \xv 1. tsaqnisisi \xe 'it has a bad smell' ; 'it stinks.' \sd senses \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.50.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqniskʔaya \a aqniškʔaya \a axniskʔaya \va (aqniškʔaya; axniskʔaya) \ps v \ge spoil \ge sour (as with food gone bad) \ge sour, be \ge tart, be \ge bitter, be \ge disagreeable, be \de to spoil; to sour (as with food gone bad); to be sour; to be tart; to be bitter; to be disagreeable \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \xv 1. neʔesaqniskʔaya lokaletši \xe 'the milk has already spoiled.' \xv 2. tsaqniskʔaya lokaʔatoli \xe 'the mush has soured.' \xv 4. walin lasamʔuw lokapoš kəwə lawaliʔiʔin hušaqniškʔaya \xe 'they eat pine nuts soon because they spoil quickly.' \xv 5. tšaqniškʔaya hesikʰqəp \xe 'my stomach is sour.' \xv 6. tšaxniskʔaya hesipiloxoł \xe 'these beans are already bad' (smell and are sour). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd health \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.50.2-4, 391.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqniškʔaya \cf aqniskʔaya \ce to spoil; to sour (as with food gone bad); to be sour; to be tart; to be bitter; to be disagreeable \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqnišow \ps v \ge smell like tobacco \ge tobacco, smell like \de to smell like tobacco \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf šow2 \ce pespibata; tobacco \xv 1. tšaqnišow \xe 'it smells like tobacco.' \sd senses \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.51.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqnitoqlołkoy \cf aqnitoxlołkʔoy \ce to listen (as with ear turned to catch the sound); to reflect on (as in thinking about) \sd variations \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqnitoxlołkʔoy \ph ɑqʰnɪtɔxlɔɬk̕ɔj \a aqʰnitoxlołkʔoy \a aqʰnitoqʰlołkòy \va (aqnitoqlołkoy) \ps v \ge listen (as with ear turned to catch the sound) \ge reflect on (as in thinking about) \de to listen (as with ear turned to catch the sound); to reflect on (as in thinking about) \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf aqnitʔołkoy \ce to be situated with the head cocked (listening); to listen \xv 1. huki palaqnitoxlołkʔoy \xe 'what are you listening to?' \xv 2. tsaqnitoxlołkʔoy \xe 'he is listening' (listening with ear turned to catch the sound). \sd verbs \sd language \sd senses \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.51.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqnitpen \ps v \ge remember smn/smth \de to remember smn/smth \ee It is unclear how this word differs from its root ͽ-itpen- in meaning. \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf itpen \ce to remember; to recall \xv 1. aqnitpen \xe 'remember him or it' (IMP). \xv 2. mukaqnitpen \xe 'I don't remember her.' \xv 3. neʔektamayił \xe 'I don't remember you.' \xv 4. mukʰqutitwałyəkił \xe 'I don't know you.' \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.51.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqnitʔołkoy \rd aqnitʔołkoyoy \a axnitʔołkoy \va (axnitʔołkoy) \ps vt \ge situated with head cocked (listening), be \ge listen \de to be situated with the head cocked (listening); to listen \mr [] \cf aqnitoxlołkʔoy \ce to listen (as with ear turned to catch the sound); to reflect on (as in thinking about) \cf aqni \ce to resemble \xv 1. tsaqnitʔołkoyit \xe 'he is listening to me.' \xv 2. lošaʔataxatš ʔan tsaqnitʔołkoy \xe 'this man is listening' (as when one listens in another room to see if he can hear what a person says). \xv 3. tštiyət lokaštete kisaxnitʔołkoy sałʔipʰpi lokašaʔay̓ \xe 'the mother came near and listened closely to what her daughter said.' \xv 4. aqnitʔołkoyoy ! kinupan pšuwašətš \xe 'think well! and then you will have the belief that you desire.' \sd stative \sd body \sd senses \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.51.2, 391.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqnitʔołkoyoy \ps v \ge situated with the head cocked (listening), be.REDUP \ge listen.REDUP \de to be situated with the head cocked (listening).REDUP; to listen.REDUP \cf aqnitʔołkoy \ce to be situated with the head cocked (listening); to listen \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqnitšum \ps v \ge smell/taste, have a pleasant \ge taste/smell, have a pleasant \ge have a pleasant smell/taste \ge good or pleasing, be \ge pleasing or good, be \de to have a pleasant smell/taste; to be good or pleasing \gn sabroso, estar \dn estar sabroso \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. lokasʔamə ʔan tšaqnitšum \xe 'the meat is fine tasting.' \xv 2. kanawa sexe lokalaqnitšum kikawa swalakumuʔus sitsʔohoy ʔispeʔey \xe 'when it sucks all the honey out of one it goes to another flower.' \xv 3. tšnaqnitšum ʔišʔuxšaʔaš heʔispeʔey \xe 'this flower smells sweet.' \xv 4. tšaqnitšum \xe 'it has a pleasant taste.' \xv 5. wašətš ʔi samuw tšaqnitšum \xe 'it is good food; it is very savory.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.28.2, 89.52.2-53 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqnitšʰoʔo \ps v \ge taste bitter \ge bitter, taste \de to taste bitter \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf šoʔo \ce to be bitter \xv 1. no ʔan kšoʔo \xe 'I am bitter.' \xv 2. tsaqnitšʰoʔo \xe 'it tastes like bitter.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd senses \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.52 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqniwaxanəš \ps v \ge resemble feces \ge feces, resemble \de to resemble feces \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf waxa \ce shit; excrement; feces \cf waxan \ce to shit; to defecate \xv 1. tšaqniwaxanəš \xe 'it resembles feces.' \xv 2. tšaqniwaxanəš išiuxšaʔaš \xe 'it tastes like feces.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.54.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqniwił \ps v \ge exchange ideas \de to exchange ideas \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \xv 1. lokasiyaqniwił \xe 'they are devising together what they are going to do — are going to exchange ideas together as at a meeting to see whose ideas are better.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 82.3.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqnixəp \ps v \ge resemble stone \ge stone, resemble \de to resemble stone \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf xəp \ce stone \xv 1. tsaqnixəp kʔuwe muxəp \xe 'it resembles stone, but is not stone.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg TJPH \rf 90.450.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqnixułtsʔəyə \a axnixułtsʔəyə \va (axnixułtsʔəyə) \ps v \ge sick in the stomach, be \de to be sick in the stomach \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf xułtsʔəyə \ce to be disgusted (by); to take a dislike to \xv 1. kaqnixułtsʔəyə \xe 'I am sick at my stomach.' \xv 2. tsaxnixułtsʔəyə \xe 'he is sick at his stomach.' \xv 2. kaqnixułtsʔəyə, ksuyapášpaš \xe 'I am seasick, I want to vomit' (but this word of sick feeling in the stomach can be said of eating fruit or anything here on dry land). \xv 4. no ʔan kxułtsʔəyə hesaʔalos \xe 'I have taken a dislike to this rice.' \xv 5. tsxułtsʔəyə \xe 'I am disgusted/repugnant.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd senses \sd body \sd health \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.120.3; 89.49.2-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqniyəwus \a aqʰniyəwus \ps v \ge will \ge desire \de to will; to desire \mr [] \cf ʔaqniyəwus \ce abundance \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf yəw2 \ce to be good luck to \xv 1. lokalamaqniyəwus \xe 'what they desire.' \xv 2. kilakasaqniyəwus kisyamtiʔiy \xe 'and descends again to the ground when he takes a notion to.' \xv 3. eqweł lokapalaqniyəwus \xe 'Thy will be done.' \xv 4. eqweł lokapalaqniyəwus kašnehet hemišup kaʔalałpay \xe 'Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.47.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqotiš \cf aqutišətš \ce to be intelligent with experience; to be cunning; to be lively \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqpalamaš \ps v \ge make less of others \ge make more of oneself with the purpose of making less of others \ge excel at gaming \de to make less of others; to make more of oneself with the purpose of making less of others; to excel at gaming \mr [] \cf aqpalamay \ce to think oneself better than others \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. neʔesyət lokalaqpalamaš \xe 'there comes the smartie.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaqpalamaš \xe 'I try to show off or belittle the others in my company.' \xv 3. no ʔan ktałtałwaxa kiskum šaʔatʔaxatš ʔan lasʰuyaqpalamayiyuw \xe 'I was working there and there arrived one who tried to act as it he was smarter or more than the rest of us.' \xv 4. tšiyaqpalamaš \xe 'they come from outside a town and do better than those who are there and make those who are there get behind' (this said of outsiders coming to town and excelling the natives in games or in racing, but never anything else).' \sd verbs \sd gaming \sd manners \sd insults \lg JPH \rf 89.55.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqpalamay \a aqpalanay \va (aqpalanay) \ps v \ge think oneself better than others \de to think oneself better than others \ee The imperfective form, aqpalamaš, seems to be the preferred form of this verb. \mr [] \cf aqpalamaš \ce to make less of others; to make more of oneself with the purpose of making less of others; to excel at gaming \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf suyaqpalamay \ce to try to (appear to) be smarter than \xv 1. tsʔip heʔišpoš lahukaqpalamaywu kʔuwe mukiyušʰošitšəši \xe 'he thought he was smarter than we were, but we did not say it.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.54.3-4; 93.51.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqpalanay \cf aqpalamay \ce to think oneself better than others \sd variations \dt 20/May/2011 \lx aqpaluniyəw \ps v \ge search with one's feet \de to search with one's feet \mr [] \cf uniyəʔəw \ce to search for \xv 1. kaqpaluniyəw \xe 'I hunt with my feet' (as for a stone in the mud). \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.55.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqpan \ps vt \ge lend \de to lend \mr ?[] \xv 1. aqpanit pakeʔet sipesu ! \xe 'please give me a dollar!' \xv 2. kaqpanus \xe 'I lent it to him.' \xv 3. aqpanit ! \xe 'lend it to me!' \sd verbs \sd manners \lg JPH \rf 89.56.1-2 \dt 26/Jul/2018 \lx aqpešeš \ps v \ge ?separate, be \ge ?distinct, be \de ?to be separate; ?to be distinct \xv 1. masəx sikukuʔu muʔiyʔalaqpešeš \xe 'three separate persons' (in the God-head). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.56.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqputs \ps v \ge suck out (as a bee draws nectar from a flower) \de to suck out (as a bee draws nectar from a flower) \mr [] \xv 1. tsaqputs lokaspeyspeʔey \xe 'it sucks the flowers.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.56.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqsik \ps v \ge apprehend \ge tie \ge imprison \de to apprehend; to tie; to imprison \ee May be an augmented form of ͽaqšik ‘to take (a person) with one’s hands.’ The word ͽaqšik seems to indicate less aggressive action. \cf ʔaqsik \ce thong; strap \cf ʔaqšikšmu \ce place where things are tied on \cf aquntuk \ce to knot; to tie a knot \cf xatʔaqsik \ce to close by tying together \xv 1. tsamaqsik \xe 'they got him and took him to prison.' \xv 2. tsamaqsik heʔispu ka loʔisʔəł \xe 'they tied his hands and feet.' \xv 3. tšiyaqšikšaši \xe 'the tendrils tie themselves.' \xv 4. kiksinowo sipon̓ loʔištək ksaqkutikumelus kikaqsik kiksuquntinaʔał kikušmaxyət kiktəmhə \xe 'and I erect a stake at the tip (of the keel) just in the half-way point and I tie (the string) to it and I bring (the cord) and I pull it and I snap it down (on the wood).' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.60.3; Tomol80-81 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqskutałputš \cf aqškutałputš \ce to think; to worry \sd variations \dt 03/Aug/2018 \lx aqskʔatata \ps v \ge clap (with split-stick) \de to clap (with split-stick) \cf ʔaqskʔatata \ce split-stick \xv 1. hukeseqen(w)us lamitʔi kaypi kuhusaqʰskʔatata \xe 'I remove a little at the base of crack so that it will clap better.' \sd verbs \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.34.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqskʔəsə \ps v \ge chew \de to chew \mr [] \sd food \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 89.64.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqskʔəy \rd aqaqskʔəy \ps v \ge grind (teeth) \ge creak (as is said of trees bending in the wind) \de to grind (teeth); to creak (as is said of trees bending in the wind) \gn rechinar \dn rechinar \ee Note that using the unreduplicated form of this word means that the action happened only once. To use this verb to indicate an ongoing sound, the reduplicated form is used. \mr [] \cf askʔam̓am \ce to chew \xv 1. tsaqskʔəy heʔisʰa \xe 'he grinds his teeth.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksaqskʔəy hesiksa \xe 'I grind my teeth.' \xv 3. tsaqaqskʔəy lokapon̓ \xe 'it is creaking' (repeatedly). \xv 4. tsaqskʔəy \xe 'it creaks' (only once). \sd verbs \sd body \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 89.63.4-64.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqskʔutiwə \rd aqʔaqskʔutiwəʔə \ps n \ge friend \de friend \gn amigo \dn amigo \mr ?[] \sy ʔamiwu \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \xv 1. kʔaqskʔutiwə \xe 'my friend.' \sd common \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.64.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqsumu \ps v \ge taste smth \ge try smth \ge test smth \ge prove \de to test smth; to try smth; to taste smth; to prove \mr [] \sy eqtete \cf aqniʔip \ce to have the taste of \cf saqsumu \ce to learn; to cause to sample \cf susʔamha \ce to sense (sight, hearing, taste, temperature) \xv 1. hukaqsumu lokapeqweł kašʔapš \xe 'I am going to take a taste of the soup that you are making.' \xv 2. kaqsumu \xe 'I take a taste of a thing, try how the mush tastes or anything.' \xv 3. hukaqsumu hesaʔałmowho \xe 'I am going to taste this candy.' \xv 4. ʔapi hukaqsumu \xe 'I am going to taste' ; 'give me some so I can take a taste.' \xv 5. tsʰapitsʔə lokasʔeqenmu kinupan tsaqsumu niwašətš ʔan munašwašətš kišʰutapiniʔiy hesinə kikasitete \xe 'he heats the horseshoe and tries it on and if it does not yet fit well he heats it again and hammers it.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd common \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.65.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqsyukuku \ps v \ge whistle \de to whistle \xv 1. kaqsyukuku \xe 'I whistle.' \xv 2. tsaqsyukuku \xe 'he whistles.' \xv 3. xwan ʔan tšʰayšayuqšnəp kahesaʔaqsukuku \xe 'Juan is walking while he is whistling.' \xv 4. tsʰuwaqsyukuku \xe 'in order to whistle.' \sd verbs \sd onomatopoeia \sd language \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.61.3-62.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqš- \ps vpre \de -meaning uncertain- \cf ʔaqškʔutinay̓ \ce plaything; toy \cf aqskʔutiwə \ce friend \cf aqšikuyo \ce to order smn to do smth \cf aqšititap \ce to continue; to keep on; to go on \cf aqškutałputš \ce to think; to worry \cf aqškʔunapaš \ce to shore fish \cf aqškʔunimay \ce to kill (an animal) clandestinely \cf aqškʔuwaxa \ce to defecate (such as a fly leaves) \cf aqšmayətš \ce to sup; to eat dinner \cf oqšonowo \ce ?to tread \cf ?saqslakay \ce to put in between \cf šaqšiłtšaši \ce to be contained in; to contain oneself inside smth \cf šaqšinaʔał \ce to look after \cf šaqšinaʔli \ce to protect \cf šaqškutałputš \ce to consider; to think about; to be of an opinion \cf šaqškʔunapaʔaš \ce to fish on the shore; to surf-fish \cf šaqškʔunapaš \ce to surf-fish (regularly) \cf šaqškʔunapay \ce to be fished \cf šaqškʔunapayəʔəš \ce fishing tackle \cf šaqšmayətš \ce to feed supper \cf tsaqskʔuwwaxa \ce maggot \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \sd untranslated \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqša \a ʔaqša \a aqšá \a aqšà \a aqʰša \a axša \a aqʰšà \ph ɑqʰʃɑ \ph ɑχʃɑ \va (ʔaqša; axša) \ph [ɑqʰʃɑ] \ps v \ge die \de to die \et *VqSa (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI aqšan ‘to die,’ INZ aqšan ‘to die,’ OBI q/ksa ‘to die’ (Klar 1977: 81) \cf ʔaqšanəʔəš \ce disease; epidemic \cf apaqša \ce to be hot from the weather \cf aqšani \ce to finish; to come to an end; to end \cf iwałtšaqša \ce to be sad at heart; to be dead tired \cf maxutaqša \ce to die suddenly (unexpectedly) \cf naqša \ce to be injured by; to be affected by (with regard to health); to cause to die \cf nišaqša \ce to take and kill \cf šimilaqša \ce land where the dead go; underworld \cf utaqša \ce to die suddenly \cf wišaqša \ce to kill by striking \xv 1. tsʔamamə ʔi šaqšanùtš \xe 'a dead body' (lit. 'its body of it is dead') \xv 2. šaqša saʔawhay \xe 'the moon is eclipsed.' \xv 3. hušiyišmotš lokaʔenhešeš lokasiʔamamə, kihusiyitpeni kikamuhušiyaqšaniʔi \xe 'bodies and souls will unite and they will revive never to die again.' \xv 4. loʔkatšumtšumàš laʔkʰan ʔišiyuštəł sipaxàt šaʔalaqʰšà kʔùwe tsisuwakaʔàp \xe 'the Cruzeño, when they see a dead whale, they bring it ashore.' \sd common \sd lifecycle \sd verbs \sd health \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.43, 66-73, 286.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqšani \ps v \ge finish \ge come to an end \ge end \de to finish; to come to an end; to end \gn acabarse \dn acabarse \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \xv 1. tšaqšani, ʔiti ʔišup \xe 'the world has ended.' \xv 2. hušiyišmotš lokaʔenhešeš lokasiʔamamə, kihusiyitpeni kikamuhušiyaqšaniʔi \xe 'their bodies and souls will unite and they will revive never to die again.' \xv 3. neʔešišełhe šipakpakəwaš, neʔemusʔił, neʔešiyaqšani \xe 'the old ones are all gone, there are no more, they are all extinct.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.74-75; 92.57.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqšəkʔə \ps v \ge itch, have an \ge have an itch \de to have an itch \sy aqšikə \cf ʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \ce smn ticklish; smn sensitive to touch \cf aqšəkʔəni \ce to be touchy; to be sensitive to touch or tickling \cf šaqšəkʔə \ce to cause to itch; to irritate physically; to tickle \xv 1. kaqšəkʔə \xe 'I itch.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaqšəkʔə \xe 'I itch' (I have an itch on some part of my body). \xv 3. tšʰaqšəkʔənit \xe 'he is tickling me [i.e., causing me to itch]' (by touching me with end of a traw lightly in the back of my neck). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd senses \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.76.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqšəkʔəni \ps v \ge touchy, be \ge sensitive to touch or tickling, be \de to be touchy; to be sensitive to touch or tickling \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \ce smn ticklish; smn sensitive to touch \cf aqšəkʔə \ce to have an itch \xv 1. no ʔan mukʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \xe I am not touchy.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.77.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqšik \ps v \ge take (a person) with one’s hands \de to take (a person) with one’s hands \ee May be an augmented form of ͽaqsik ‘to apprehend; to tie; to imprison.’ The word ͽaqsik seems to indicate more aggressive action. \cf aqšikə \ce I. to be irritated/tickled II. to tickle smn/smth as by lightly rubbing a finger across the skin \cf uštatʔaqšikšaši \ce to take good care of oneself \xv 1. kikasʔip, “ksuyakitwo ʔiti, ʔəhə sukaluštʔey,” kʔuwe lokaʔałʔaluštšʔəmətš ʔan tšuliʔiš kikašnulaluʔus lokaʔałxiliknaš, kikašamaqšik lokaʔaqšikšmu \xe 'and he said, "I want to leave here, I have a lot of business," but the undertaker arrested him and took him to the police.' \sd verbs \sd body \rf TJPH \rf 85.542.2-543.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqšikə \va (aqšikən-) \mr [] \cf aqšik \ce to take (a person) with one’s hands \cf tšəqələqələ \ce to tickle the belly of \se I \ps v \ge irritated/tickled, be \ge tickled/irritated, be \de to be irritated/tickled \sy aqšəkʔə \xv 1. kaqšikə hesikqoloq, tšʔuwit ʔistep \xe 'I tickle at my side, a flea is biting me.' \se II \ps vt \ge tickle smn/smth as by lightly rubbing a finger across the skin \de to tickle smn/smth as by lightly rubbing a finger across the skin \xv 1. tšaqšikənit \xe 'he tickles me by lightly rubbing his finger across my skin.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd emotions \sd cognition \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.78.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqšikšaši \a aqšikšəši \va (aqšikšəši) \ps v \ge tied, be \de to be tied \ee This may be said of the tongue. Note the reflexive use of this word. \mr [] \cf aqsik \ce to apprehend; to tie; to imprison \xv 1. tsʔił ʔišʔaqšik hesikʔelew \xe 'I have my tongue tied.' \xv 2. tšiyaqšikšaši \xe '[the tendrils] they tie themselves.' \xv 3. tšaqšikšəši \xe 'it ties itself of its own accord.' \xv 4. no ʔan kaqšikšaši \xe 'I tie myself' (as if I were to tie ropes about my own body, legs, and arms). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.77.2-4, 78.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqšikšəši \cf aqšikšaši \ce to be tied \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqšikuyo \a axšikuyo \va (axšikuyo) \ps v \ge order smn to do smth \de to order smn to do smth \mr [] \xv 1. kaqšikuyo heʔšaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I order a man to do what I want.' \xv 2. kašaqšikuyo tslów \xe 'Eagle ordered it.' \xv 3. hukaxšikuyo \xe 'I am going to order someone to' (do smth). \sd verbs \sd language \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.674.1; 89.406.2; Travels93 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqšił \ps v \ge lock \de to lock \cf aqšiłtš \ce to be locked \xv 1. lokaʔaxšínapi ʔan tšiqipš ; tšaqšiłtš \xe 'the trunk is full' ; 'it is locked with a key.' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.79.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqšiłtš \ps v \ge locked, be \de to be locked \mr [] \cf aqšił \ce to lock \xv 1. tšaqšiłtš \xe 'it is locked with a key.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd household \sd descriptions \lg TJPH \rf 89.79.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqšititap \ps v \ge continue \ge keep on \ge go on \de to continue; to keep on; to go on \gn seguir \dn seguir \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf titap \ce to chase away \xv 1. paqšititap loʔkapaliwakan \xe 'you continue your desire.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Travels5 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqškutałputš \a aqʰškutałputš \a aqskutałputš \va (aqskutałputš) \ps v \ge think \ge worry \de to think; to worry \ee This is the best verb to use for "to worry." \mr [] \cf ałpu \ce to go around inside of \xv 1. tsalinaxyəʔət ʔišaqʰškutałputš \xe 'the whole night she thought [regretting].' \xv 2. latšə ʔišaqskutałputš \xe 'he is thinking all the time.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.62.1; Daughter71; Glutton110 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx aqškutinuy \ps v \ge amuse oneself \de to amuse oneself \ee Possible relationship with verb root ͽ-utinay-̓ ‘be in a cradle; be fastened to a cradle.’ \xv 1. kaqškutinuy \xe 'I amuse myself.' \xv 2. kaqškutinúywu lokakʰqóqoʔo \xe 'I amuse myself with my dogs.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd cognition \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.79.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqškutiwəš \ps v \ge play with \de to play with \mr [] \xv 1. kaqškutiwəš lokaʔanatʔamam kiskutitwałyəkit \xe 'I play with the raccoon and thus he knows me.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd gaming \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.80.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqškuwaxa \cf aqškʔuwaxa \ce to defecate (such as a fly leaves) \sd variations \dt 22/May/2011 \lx aqškʔunapaš \ps v \ge shore fish \de to shore fish \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \xv 1. tsapəti sixəp kikašaqškʔunapaš \xe 'she got up on top of a rock to fish.' \xv 2. kšaqškʔunapaš \xe 'I am fishing-from-the-shore' (said only of shore fishing). \sd verbs \sd food \sd ocean \sd fish \lg JPH \rf 92.63.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqškʔunimay \ps v \ge kill (an animal) clandestinely \de to kill (an animal) clandestinely \mr [] \ee Harrington notes that this verb is used only of animals, but an example indicates otherwise. \cf ałwa \ce to kill (a person) \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf nimay \ce to put out fire \xv 1. hukaqškʔunimay siweselu \xe 'I am going to go out into the fields and kill a calf without telling anyone.' \sd verbs \sd health \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.81.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqškʔutiwə \cf ʔaqškʔutiwə \ce friend \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqškʔuwaxa \a aqškuwaxa \a aqškʔuwaxan \va (aqškuwaxa, aqškʔuwaxan-) \ps v \ge defecate (such as a fly leaves) \de to defecate (such as a fly leaves) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv aqškʔuwaxanpi \pde to defecate (such as a fly leaves).APL.LOC \cf waxa \ce shit; excrement; feces \cf waxan \ce to shit; to defecate \xv 1. tšaqškʔuwaxa sipawapaw \xe 'the fly is eating and defecating.' \xv 2. hekašaqškʔuwaxanpi ʔałhaputš hesipawapaw \xe 'this fly defecated on the meat.' \sd animals \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.80.2-3, 82.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqšlakay \a akslakay \a aqšlaqay \va (akslakay, aqšlaqay) \ps v \ge narrow space, be an open \ge open from one side to another \de to be an open narrow space; to open from one side to another \ee Said of a narrow passageway such as a pass between rocks, a doorway, or a space between two boxes. \xv 1. tsaqšlakay \xe 'it is open' (as said of narrow passageway between rocks in mountains, or of doorway here). \xv 2. tsaqšlaqay \xe 'it is open like a space between two boxes on the floor here' (second uvular stop probably error). \xv 3. tsakslakay \xe 'it is an opening from side to side, like a door but not a door.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd places \lg JPH \rf 89.12.1, 83.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqšlaqay \cf aqšlakay \ce to be an open narrow space; to open from one side to another \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqšlimaš \a aqʰšlimaš \ph ɑqʰʃlɪmɑʃ \ps v \ge nonverbose, be \ge quiet and inactive, be \de to be non-verbose; to be quiet and inactive \ee This word is listed also as aqlimaš. This is likely an error. \an uškʔəyəy \xv 1. tšaqšlimaš \xe 'he is a man who is very calm, very silent, very wise, and well at ease.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaqšlimaš \xe 'I sit quietly doing absolutely nothing.' \sd descriptions \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.37.2, 83.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqšmayətš \a aqšmayə̀tš \ps v \ge sup \ge eat dinner \ge dinner, eat \de to sup; to eat dinner \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. puʔpú kanawa smayú ʔan šnunalí saʔantipšnekèy kiʔalaxuwəł ʔan tšnunali soʔoxwo ka sipistuk kašišaqšmayə̀tš \xe 'and Roadrunner, when it was evening, took home the lizards and Coyote took home his gophers and squirrels and they supped on them.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg TJPH \rf 69.1087.2/Roadrunner16-18 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqšpəyə \ps v \ge dizzy, be \ge have a dizzy spell \de to be dizzy; to have a dizzy spell \xv 1. kaqšpə́yə \xe 'I am dizzy' (from swinging on a swing). \xv 2. tšaqšpəyə \xe 'he is dizzy, has a dizzy spell.' \xv 3. neʔešwelexš sikaqšpəyə \xe 'my dizzy spell has passed.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd body \sd health \sd senses \sd cognition \lg JPH \rf 81.120.2; 89.83.4-84.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqšutš \a aqšútš \a aqʰšutš \ps v \ge go straight to/towards smn/smth \de to go straight to/towards smn/smth \ee Note the emphasis on path here. \cf šuaqšutš \ce to make go straight to \xv 1. hukaqšutš \xe 'I take a straight direction to a thing.' \xv 2. walin tšiyaqšutš ʔalałpay \xe 'it flies straight up.' \xv 3. hukaqšutš losaʔap \xe 'I am going straight towards that house.' \xv 4. tšaqšutšit \xe 'he comes towards me, in the direction of me.' \xv 5. no ʔan hukaqšutšił \xe 'I am going to go straight towards you.' \xv 6. kaqšutš mitsqanaqan̓ \xe 'I am going in the direction of Ventura.' \xv 7. kapikitwo kaqšutš santa barbara \xe 'I set out in a boat and make towards Santa Barbara.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.85.2-87.1; 87; 92.67.2-68.1; WeirB 5 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx aqt- \ps vpre \cf akti- \ce venitive verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 31/Mar/2018 \lx aqta- \a aqtə- \a axta-2 \a eqte- \a ext- \a oqto- \a oxto- \va (aqt(ə)-, axta-, eqte-, ext-, oqto-, oxto-) \ps vpre \ge by air \ge air, by \ge through the air \ge air, through the \ge INSTR.air \de by air; through the air \ee Glossed as INSTR.air. \cf ʔalaqtušʰo \ce to leave smth; to drop off smth \cf ʔaqtəwəw \ce I. wind II. to be windy \cf ʔoqtowoł \ce flute; whistle \cf ʔoqtowolitš \ce to play the flute; to whistle with a whistle \cf ʔoxtowoł \ce windpipe; trachea \cf aqtaqimayə \ce to be dusk; ?to go out at dusk \cf aqtaliyexexe \ce to fall over of one’s own accord \cf aqtaliyək \ce to come into the midst of \cf aqtapawaya \ce to blow in the breeze; to flutter \cf aqtatšum \ce to go far \cf aqtawaya \ce to float in the wind \cf aqtušʰo \ce to let go; to let smth drop, to let smth fall \cf axtanikʔoyi \ce to revive; to come to after a faint \cf axtawaq \ce I. north wind II. to be the north wind blowing \cf axtaxʔuyi \ce to come to after a faint \cf eqtełhew \ce to blow from the __ \cf eqtepexe \ce to be blown away \cf eqtewesmes \ce to be blown over to another area \cf extełhew \ce wind (kind) \cf neqtepexe \ce to blow away \cf oqtopołkwowo \ce to move by rolling \cf oqtopoyho \ce to blow on/at \cf oqtoxoyoyo \ce to fly with the wind \cf oxtonowotš \ce to be clean of chaff \cf oxtoponowo \ce to blow dust; to have a dust-wind \cf saxtawasə \ce to speak the truth \cf soxtonowo \ce to winnow \cf soxtoponowo \ce to stir up dust \cf šoxtonowotš \ce to toss wheat; to winnow wheat \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd elements \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtaha \ps v \ge cold (said of something that was previously warm), be \de to be cold (said of something that was previously warm) \ee This is said of something that was previously warm, such as food or an iron. \et ɕ \ec Compare CRZ (ʼ)aqtʼa (Beeler & Klar 1977: 23) \cf ʔipeyuw \ce to be cold (said of the weather/temperature outside) \cf apaqtaha \ce to be in the shade of (tree, etc.) \cf apaqtahaʔa \ce to shade oneself; to put oneself in the shade; to go to shade \cf apaqtahanmu \ce shady place where people cool off \cf oxto \ce to feel cold; to be cold (said of a person) \cf watapaqtaha \ce to stop in the shade of \xv 1. tsaqtaha \xe 'it is cold' (said of food being cold when on table). \xv 2. tsʔipeyuw \xe 'it is cold weather.' \xv 3. koxto \xe 'I am cold.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd food \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.87.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqtaliyexexe \ps v \ge fall over of one’s own accord \de to fall over of one’s own accord \cf aliyexexe \ce to be on one's back \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \xv 1. kaqtaliyexexe \xe 'I fell over of my own accord.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg TJPH \rf 82.23.4 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx aqtaliyək \ps v \ge come into the midst of \de to come into the midst of \mr [] \cf liyək \ce middle \xv 1. tsaqtaliyək \xe 'he came and put himself in the middle' (of them). \sd verbs \sd locations \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.69.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqtałwəyi \cf aqtaxwəyi \ce to revive \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtapawaya \ps v \ge blow in breeze \ge flutter \de to blow in the breeze; to flutter \ee This is said as a flag does in the wind or as a g string does when one runs. This word is related to aqtawaya, though Harrington offers no way to distinguish the meaning of the two words. \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. tsaqtapawaya \xe 'it is blowing in the wind' (said of a flag). \xv 2. tswayanli ʔišʔitškʔə \xe 'his G-string is flying in the wind as he runs.' \xv 3. tsaqtapawaya sitsuqele \xe 'the flag is blowing or streaming in the wind.' \xv 4. tsaqtapawaya \xe 'it is floating in the wind.' \xv 5. (yəlaʔà) lokatšotšonəʔə̀š ʔan tsʔił ʔisaqʰtapawayanəʔəš heʔismaʔam \xe 'every fish has a wind-bladder.' \xv 6. kaqʰtapawaya \xe 'I have strong spirit, I am light (not heavy).' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.88.1-3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqtaqimayə \ps v \ge dusk, be \ge go out at dusk \de to be dusk; ?to go out at dusk \ee May be a variant of ͽaxtaqimayə ‘to set out in the evening.’ \mr [] \cf axtaqimayə \ce to set out in the evening \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \xv 1. nayitsaqʰtaqimayə̀ \xe 'it is already dusk (neither night or day).' \xv 2. ʔalaqʰtaqimayə̀ \xe 'nocturnal bird(s).' \sd birds \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.315.1 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx aqtatšum \ph ɑqʰtatʃʊm \a aqʰtatšum \ps v \ge go far \de to go far \mr [] \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. tsaqtatšum \xe 'it goes far' (said of arrow); 'it falls farther than the other arrows.' \xv 2. mušaqtatšum hekakya \xe 'my arrow did not carry far' (a poor arrow no one can shoot far). \xv 3. tšaqtatšum hesikya \xe 'this arrow goes far' (they would say meaning 'I have a good arrow'). \xv 4. tšiyaqʰtatšum \xe 'they went far' (in a buggy). \sd verbs \sd archery \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.89.3-90.1; Coyo10 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtatšʔə \ps v \ge move vigorously \ge move quickly \de to move vigorously; to move quickly \xv 1. musaqtatšʔə \xe 'he does not move vigorously.' \xv 2. uštowitš, aqtatšʔə \xe 'hurry, come quickly!' \xv 3. tšaqtatšʔə lokatsʔəmə \xe 'the cloud moves fast.' \xv 4. tšaqtatšʔə ʔišnaʔał \xe '[he/she/it] goes vigorously' (good expression). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.88.4-89.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtawaya \ps v \ge float in the wind \de to float in the wind \ee This word is related to aqtapawaya, though Harrington offers no way to distinguish the meanings of the two words. \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. tsaqtawaya \xe 'it goes floating with the wind.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.90.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtaxwəyi \ph ɑqʰtaɬwǝjɪ \ph ɑqʰtaxwǝjɪ \a aqtałwəyi \a aqʰtaxwəyì \a aqʰtaxwəyì \va (aqtałwəyi) \ps v \ge revive \de to revive \xv 1. kikasamaqʰtaxwəyì \xe 'and they all resurrected.' \xv 2. kʔùwe husaqʰtałwəyì pakéʔet sułnetpi loʔkakisusamha loʔkakipoš \xe 'however it is going to revive equally that which we feel in our heart.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd lifecycle \lg JPH \rf 69.889.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtaxʔuyi \cf aktaxʔuyi \ce to return; to come to consciousness again \sd variations \dt 21/Sep/2018 \lx aqtayahəł \ps v \ge color of a red snake, be the \ge red snake, be the color of a \de to be the color of a red snake \mr [] \cf həłhəł \ce red pigment consisting of ocher; ruddle \cf yahəł \ce red snake (species) \xv 1. lokatšulakakʰ ʔan tsaqʰtayahəł \xe 'the flicker is the color of a red snake.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd colors \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.560.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqtəʔəp \a aqtəʔə̀p \a aqtəp \va (aqtəp-) \ps v \ge make a fire (for) \de to make a fire (for) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI aqtɨp ‘make fire,’ INZ aptɨp ‘to make a fire; to build or start a fire; to kindle’ (Beeler 1978: 173; SYBCI 2007: 73) \cf ʔaqtəpəš \ce fire (as of wood stacked and burning) \cf ʔaqtəpmu \ce fireplace \xv 1. laʔkʰan ʔisʔəhə ʔišluyət loʔkapon̓ ʔan tsamaqtəʔəp muštšum kałtsameqweł hałtomoł \xe 'knotty wood is no good for canoes.' \xv 2. kaqtəpuswunwaš \xe 'I had made a fire for them.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 89.90-92; Tomol11 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqtəpəš \cf ʔaqtəpəš \ce fire (as of wood stacked and burning) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqti- \a axti- \va (axti-) \hm 1 \ps vpre \ge by drawing up \ge drawing up, by \ge by absorption \ge absorption, by \ge INSTR.absorption \ge INSTR.drawing up \de by drawing up; by absorption \ee It is unclear if this is related to the prefix akti ‘VEN.’ Glossed as INSTR.drawing up; INSTR.absorption. \cf ʔalaqtutʔu \ce ?leech \cf ʔałtšaxtawašətš \ce true one \cf ʔaqtikʔoymu \ce place where people sun themselves \cf aqtikš \ce ?to deliver smth; ?to hand over smth \cf aqtikʔoy \ce to sun; to take in sun \cf aqtikʔoʔoy \ce to go out and sun oneself \cf aqtinapali \ce to understand (in the sense of knowing about something/anything) \cf aqtipałyət \ce to suck (as from a straw); to draw towards \cf axtisisi \ce to suffer \cf aqtutʔu \ce to suck (as is said of blood) \cf susaqtipałyət \ce to cause to suck up \sd instrumentals \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqti- \hm 2 \cf akti- \ce venitive verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 27/Dec/2011 \lx aqtikat \ps v \ge obstruction, be/have an \ge inconvenience, be/have an \ge impedance, be/have an \ge bother, be a \de to be/have an obstruction; to be/have an inconvenience; to be/have an impedance; to be a bother \ee Notice the apparent elision of the vowel u in the instrumental affix aquti . \mr [] \cf naqutikat \ce to be inconvenienced by; to be disturbed by; to be bothered by \xv 1. musʔił paqtikat \xe 'nothing disturbs you.' \xv 2. musʔił kałnaqutikat \xe 'I have no bother of family ties or disturbances in my work' (I can go where I please, etc). \xv 3. tsʔił ʔisaqtikat \xe 'there is a hindrance.' \xv 4. no ʔan knaqtikat hesiqunup \xe 'I am bothered or impeded by having this child here all the time.' \xv 5. saqtikat \xe 'it inconveniences' (when working around the house and not having the tools one needs). \xv 6. tsaqʰtikatit \xe 'it hindered me.' \xv 7. no ʔan kaqʰtikat \xe 'I am an inconvenience' (to somebody). \xv 8. tsaqtikat \xe 'a hindrance.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.96.2-97.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtikš \ps v \ge ?deliver smth \ge ?hand over smth \de ?to deliver smth; ?to hand over smth \ee Harrington only lists what appears to be the nominalized form of this word. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqtikš \pde ?to deliver something.NZ; ?to hand over something.NZ \cf ikš \ce to give; to hand to \xv 1. kʔalaqtikšił \xe 'I delivered something to you.' \xv 2. kʔalaqtušʰo \xe 'I came to leave something.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.97.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtikʔoʔoy \ps v \ge go out and sun oneself \de to go out and sun oneself \mr [] \cf aqtikʔoy \ce to sun; to take in sun \xv 1. hukaqtikʔoʔoy \xe 'I am going out to sun myself.' \sd verbs \sd heat \sd sun \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.98.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtikʔoy \ps v \ge sun \ge take in sun \de to sun; to take in sun \mr [] \cf ʔaqtikʔoymu \ce place where people sun themselves \cf aqtikʔoʔoy \ce to go out and sun oneself \xv 1. kaqtikʔoy \xe 'I am in the sun sunning myself.' \xv 2. hukiyaqtikʔoy \xe 'let us go and sun ourselves.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.98.1, 3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtinaʔay \a aqtinay- \va (aqtinay-) \ps v \ge come from \de to come from \mr [] \cf šaktinaʔay \ce to come from \xv 1. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔiʔalaqtinaʔay los angeles \xe 'these men from Los Angeles.' \xv 2. kikayusaqtinaʔay heseqwełwu šiyʔalititpe kaʔišaqšaqšanuʔutš \xe 'whence he will come to judge the quick and the dead.' \xv 3. ʔan kasiyaqtinaʔay \xe 'that is what (these animals) come from.' \xv 4. kəwə lokašaktinayutš ʔan lakʰan ʔaluliʔiš \xe 'it went on the same road that it came on' (turned back and took the same road it had come on). \xv 5. heʔlʔalaqtinaʔay ʔałkuluł \xe 'it comes from the west.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \rf 89.99.2-100.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtinapali \a aqtinapalì \ps v \ge understand (in the sense of knowing about something/anything) \de to understand (in the sense of knowing about something/anything) \mr [] \cf ?napay \ce to rise; to land \cf ?napayli \ce to go to the top \xv 1. kaskitwò saʔalaxuwəł ʔałʔapʰanitš loʔkaʔapʰanəšmu, kišnaʔàł kisxiliwasə̀, kikasasəwus, kʔuwe hesaʔałkúm ʔan musaqtinapalì, kintsʔəmə́ \xe 'A coyote of the house went out, and he went to inspect him, he talked to him, but this newcomer did not understand, and what’s more, he was mute.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Roadrunner215-219 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqtipałyət \ps v \ge suck (as from a straw) \ge draw towards \de to suck (as from a straw); to draw towards \mr [] \cf kutet \ce I. breast II. to suckle (as from a breast) \cf susaqtipałyət \ce to cause to suck up \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. ʔaxunpe ʔi ʔalaqtipałyət \xe 'the fly that sucks blood.' \xv 2. lakəkš lokasʔan kalaqtipałyət \xe 'it only sucks the blood out of' (the fly). \xv 3. tsaqtipałyət kišuliʔiš \xe 'it sucks the animal towards it with its bao.' \xv 4. kaqtipałyət \xe 'I suck up water through a straw.' \xv 5. ʔaxunpes ʔi ʔalaqtipałyət \xe 'the fly that sucks blood.' \sd verbs \sd animals \rf 89.100.4-101.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtiqisə \a aqtiqisən \va (aqtiqisən-) \ps v \ge come to see \de to come to see \mr [] \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \xv 1. no ʔan kaqtiqisə \xe 'I came to see him.' \xv 2. lošaʔatʔaxatš ʔan hušaqtiqisəniyuw \xe 'that man came to see us.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.98.4-99.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtišumuš \ps v \ge conjure \de to conjure \mr [] \cf ʔałtšaqtišumuš \ce kind of sorcery/magic \sd verbs \sd culture \lg TJPH JPH \rf 3.89.255.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtiyep \ps vt \ge come for a cure/help \de to come for a cure/help \mr [] \xv 1. kikaqtiyepus lokaʔalipiwatš kaʔaxiyeʔep ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'I asked the drug clerk and he told me.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd language \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.96.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtkəyəmi \ps v \ge straighten arrows \de to straighten arrows \mr [] \cf kəyəmi \ce to be straight \xv 1. kaqtkəyəmi \xe 'I straighten arrows.' \sd archery \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.102.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtuniyəw \ps v \ge come to look for \ge come to search for \de to come to look for; to come to search for \mr [] \cf uniyəʔəw \ce to search for \xv 1. tsiyaqtuniyəw suliyʔuw \xe 'they seek their food.' \xv 2. tsyət sixʔanwa tsaqtuniyəw lokaʔałʔapʰanəš \xe 'here comes a woman searching for the landlady.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.102.4-103.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtustəł \cf aqtuštəł \ce to catch up with \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtuštəł \a aqtustəł \va (aqtustəł) \ps v \ge catch up with \de to catch up with \ee This verb may be used of purposeful pursuit or accidental coming upon. \mr [] \cf uštəł \ce to find; to discover \xv 1. no ʔan kaqtustəłwu lositomoł \xe 'I came within sight of the tomołs.' \xv 2. lamitʔi sikaqtustəłwu \xe 'I already came in sight of them.' \xv 3. tšnaxyətiʔi kisunikepleʔeʔeł kišaqtuštəł lokaxʔanwa \xe 'the next morning he went to bathe very early, and he surprised the woman.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.104.2-3; Glutton167 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtušʰo \ps v \ge let go \ge let smth drop \ge let smth fall \de to let go; to let smth drop, to let smth fall \ee This is usually said of involuntarily letting go. \mr [] \cf ʔalaqtušʰo \ce to leave smth; to drop off smth \cf ušʰo \ce to leave; to let; to let go; to release; to allow; to permit \xv 1. tšaqtušʰo \xe 'he let go.' \xv 2. kaqtušʰo hešimiyaš \xe 'I let go of the string' (let it drop, it fell from my hand). \xv 3. kaqtušʰo kiswatikla \xe 'I let the cup fall and it broke.' \xv 4. kʔalaqtikšił \xe 'I delivered something.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.103.2-104 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtutʔu \ph ɑqʰtʊt’ʊ \ps v \ge suck (as is said of blood) \de to suck (as is said of blood) \mr [] \xv 1. tsaqʰtutʔu ʔisʔan \xe 'it sucks blood.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd body \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.133.2; 89.104.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtsənpi \ps v \ge detest smn/smth \de to detest smn/smth \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv aqtsənpišaš \pde to detest smn/smth.REFL \xv 1. kaqtsənpi šaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I detest the man' (as often happens for some reason). \xv 2. tsaqtsənpiyit \xe 'he detests me.' \xv 3. tšišaqtsənpišaš \xe 'they detest each other.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd emotions \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.105.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqtsssi \ps v \ge hiss \de to hiss \xv 1. tsaqʰtsssí \xe 'it hisses.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd onomatopoeia \lg JPH \rf 71.191.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx aqtsʔum \a aqʰtsʔum \a aqtsum \va (aqtsum) \ps v \ge chirp (as a bat) \de to chirp (as a bat) \ee This verb is used only for the sound bats make. \xv 1. tsaqtsum lokamakał \xe 'the bat chirps.' \xv 2. tsaqʰtsʔum kʔùwe tsqeyepì musʰuwaqʰniʔìł mukiyitàqʰ \xe 'it [the bat] chirps and it is very weak; it is not clearly audible, we do not hear it.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd language \lg JPH \rf 71.710.1; 89.105.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtšum \ps v \ge like \ge take a liking to \de to like; to take a liking to \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqtšum \pde to like.NZ; to take a liking to.NZ \cf ʔaqtšummu \ce place (house) of a loved one \cf ʔatiš \ce to be in love \cf iwakan \ce to envy; to be jealous of \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. tšiyaqtšum saʔan hesipawapaw \xe 'these flies like blood.' \xv 2. kaqtšumił \xe 'I like you very much.' \xv 3. aqtšumit ! \xe 'like me!' \xv 4. kaqtšumwu sinaštəʔəʔə simitmitʔi, watšwatšətš \xe 'I love the chickens when they are little, they are pretty.' \xv 5. ʔasku palaqtšum \xe 'whom do you want?' (asked at election). \xv 6. mukaqtšum hešaʔatʔaxatš, kumel ʔištəq \xe 'I don't like this man, he has an ugly face.' \xv 7. ʔan kakalaqtšum sukxaʔaʔax \xe 'I would like to be a big one' (a big fish). \xv 8. kaqtšum suksuxululu sixəp sixaʔax loʔišup \xe 'I like to make stones roll down in the mountain.' \xv 9. sipakpakəwaʔaš ʔan mušiyaqtšum lositapi sipałpaliʔi ʔiti, ʔan musʔił husinetus \xe 'there were some old men who did not like the priests coming here, but what could they do?' \xv 10. (si)nelahušaqtšum san digeo, ʔan hušišpiwetš heʔisʔap \xe 'if she likes San Diego, she will sell her house here.' \xv 11. no ʔan kušwele kihukaqułmow sikalaqtšum \xe 'I am stirring it up to choose that which pleases me most' (said of a soup). \xv 12. mušaqtšum saʔalamʔipʰpi \xe 'he did not like what they said to him.' \xv 13. yəlaʔa he kałmušiyaqtšum siyʔiyʔałnuna kukamoŋa kikašiyišmotš šipakpakəwaš kikasitipeqenpi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'all this did not please the people and the old men held a meeting to discuss the woman.' \xv 14. ʔalaqtšumwu \xe 'he likes them.' \xv 15. tskuʔum šalaqtšum felipe \xe 'Felipe reached a place that pleased him' (town, ranch, place by the roadside, etc.). \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.106.1-111.1 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx aqtšwawatš \ps v \ge difficult to do, be \de to be difficult to do \ee The difference in meaning between ͽaqtšwawatš and ͽwawatš is unclear. \mr [] \cf wawatš \ce to be difficult to do \xv 1. mupaqtšwawatš \xe 'it was not difficult for you to do it.' \xv 2. mukaqtšwawatš \xe 'I find no difficulty' (in writing Indian). \xv 3. no ʔan kaqtšwawatš \xe 'I cannot do it, it is hard for me.' \xv 4. tšwawatš \xe 'it is laborious to do this.' \xv 5. mupaqʰtšwaw̓àtš loʔisameqweł sihəłhəł \xe 'it is not difficult for you to make paint with this ruddle.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd language \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.105.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqul- \a aquł- \a aqun- \va (aquł-, aqun-) \ps vpre \ge of separating \ge separating, of \ge INSTR.separating \de of separating \ee Glossed as INSTR.separating. \cf ʔałʔalaqułpep \ce one who salvages things \cf aqułhin \ce to peel smth \cf aqułhinutš \ce to be peeled \cf aqułmow \ce to choose; to pick smth out; to pick out the best or most pleasing \cf aqułpep \ce to pick over; to salvage \cf aqułtspaxa \ce to peel (such as an orange); to shell (such as a walnut) \cf aqułtšʔeq \ce to split smth \cf aqułtšpaxatš \ce to be peeled (said of an orange); to be shelled (said of a nut) \cf aqułtsposinus \ce to ram the heart out \cf aqunpakeʔet \ce to select \cf ?aquntuk \ce to knot; to tie a knot \cf aquntʔutuk \ce to be narrow or tight \cf šaquntšiwekʔeyeš \ce to wipe one’s buttcrack \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx aqułhin \ps v \ge peel smth \de to peel smth \mr [] \ee This is used of peeling or shelling things such as oranges, walnuts, pinenuts, etc. \sy aqułtspaxa \cf hin \ce to have \xv 1. hukaqułhin \xe 'I am going to peel' (an orange). \sd verbs \sd food \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.111 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqułhinutš \ps v \ge peeled, be \de to be peeled \mr [] \cf aqułhin \ce to peel smth \cf hin \ce to have \xv 1. lokakaqułhinutš \xe 'what I peeled.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.111.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqułku \cf aqułkuw \ce to wake up early; to get up early \sd variations \dt 02/Jan/2012 \lx aqułkuw \a aqułkù \va (aqułku) \ps v \ge wake up early \ge get up early \de to wake up early; to get up early \mr [] \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \cf unaqułkuw \ce to go out at dawn \cf ušwiy \ce to wake up smn/smth \xv 1. hukaqułku \xe 'I am going to get up at dawn.' \xv 2. ušwiyit hukaqułkuw \xe 'wake me up early tomorrow!' (lit., wake me!, I am going to get up early). \sd verbs \sd common \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.112.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqułmow \a aqulmow \va (aqulmow) \ps v \ge choose \ge pick smth out \ge pick out the best or most pleasing \de to choose; to pick smth out; to pick out the best or most pleasing \mr [] \cf mowh \ce smth sweet; candy made from molasses \sd verbs \sd senses \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.107, 113 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqułpep \ps v \ge pick over \ge salvage \de to pick over; to salvage \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqułpepš \pde to pick over NZ.IPFV; to salvage.NZ.IPFV. \pdl v \pdv aqułpepš \pde to pick over.IPFV; to salvage.IPFV \cf ʔałʔalaqułpep \ce one who salvages things \xv 1. no ʔan hukaqułpep \xe 'I am going to pick up what you throw away' ; 'I am going to pick up things like a bird.' \xv 2. kaqułpepš \xe 'I am going to pick up things.' \xv 3. tšwiw ʔi ʔalaqułpepš \xe 'insect eating bird.' \xv 4. no ʔan kaqułpepš \xe 'I pick up cast away things.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.114.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqułtspaxa \ps v \ge peel (such as an orange) \ge shell (such as a walnut) \de to peel (such as an orange); to shell (such as a walnut) \ee This is not said of peeling such as is done with a knife to a potato, and it is not said of skinning such as with animals. \mr [] \sy aqułhin \cf pax \ce skin; shell; peel; bark \cf tokšo \ce to skin (as is said of an animal) \xv 1. no ʔan kaqułtspaxa \xe 'I took off the peeling off [an orange].' \sd verbs \sd food \sd manner \rf 89.111.4, 115.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx aqułtsposinus \ps v \ge ram the heart out \de to ram the heart out \mr [] \cf poš \ce heart; pinenut; pinyon nut \xv 1. kaqułtsposinus \xe 'I ram the heart out.' \sd verbs \sd hunting \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.115.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx aqułtšeqʔetš \ps v \ge remove bad from good \ge repent of bad living \de to remove bad from good; to repent of bad living \ee It seems clear that this word is related to ͽeqe and ͽeqen, although the ejectivity on the uvular stop is difficult to explain. \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqen \ce to be removed \xv 1. kaqułtšeqʔètš \xe 'I remove the bad from the good.' \xv 2. tšaqułtšeqʔètš kišmiš kinupan tšušpete loʔištənə̀kʰ tsʰunuwus loʔišpù \xe '[the wild cat] separates the good from the bad and cries and then wipes its tears using its paws.' \sd verbs \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.943.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqułtšpaxatš \ps v \ge peeled (said of an orange), be \ge shelled (said of a nut), be \de to be peeled (said of an orange); to be shelled (said of a nut) \mr [] \cf aqułtspaxa \ce to peel (such as an orange); to shell (such as a walnut) \cf pax \ce skin; shell; peel; bark \cf tokšotš \ce to be skinned \xv 1. neʔešaqułtšpaxatš \xe 'it is already peeled.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd plants \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.111.4, 115.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx aqułtšʔeq \ps v \ge split smth \de to split smth \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce I. crack II. to crack; to split \xv 1. kaqułtšʔeq \xe 'I split it.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.116.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqulusmi \cf aqulusmiy \ce to twist string; to make string \sd variations \dt 02/Jan/2012 \lx aqulusmiy \a aqulusmi \va (aqulusmi) \ps v \ge twist string \ge make string \de to twist string; to make string \mr [] \xv 1. tšaqulušmiš \xe 'he is twisting string on his thigh.' \xv 2. hukaqulusmiy \xe 'I am going to twist on thigh.' \xv 3. kaqulusmi ʔisʔaxpilił \xe 'I twist sinews.' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.116.4-117.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqun- \cf aqul- \ce of separating \mr [] \sd variations \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx aqunpakeʔet \ps v \ge select \de to select \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \xv 1. kaqunpakeʔet lokasqʰoqʰo \xe 'I took a bunch of wild grapes.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.118.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aquntuk \ps v \ge knot \ge tie a knot \de to knot; to tie a knot \mr [] \cf ʔaquntukaš \ce smth knotted \cf aqsik \ce to apprehend; to tie; to imprison \xv 1. kaquntuk \xe 'I knot, tie a knot.' \xv 2. tsʔił ʔisʔaqsik, kaquntuk hesixanaxan \xe 'I tie it underneath my chin.' \xv 3. lokakaquntuk \xe 'that which I knotted.' \xv 4. koxpot lokakaquntuk \xe 'I untied the knot I tied.' \sd verbs \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 89.61.1, 118-119 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aquntʔutuk \a aquntutuk \va (aquntutuk) \ps v \ge narrow, be \ge tight, be \de to be narrow or tight \mr [] \xv 1. tsaquntʔutuk \xe 'it is a narrow part' (of a canyon). \xv 2. neʔekiwelexšwaš lokasaquntʔutuk hesimaha kikiqisə sixus \xe 'we already passed the narrow part of that canyon, when we saw the bear.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.120.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aquškuy \a aquskuy \va (aquskuy-) \ps v \ge point at \de to point at \ee The difference in meaning between this word and ͽuškuy is unclear. \mr [] \cf uškuy \ce to point at; to pertain to \xv 1. kaquskuyus sipon̓ \xe 'I pointed at the tree.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.121; 92.93.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqutałtə \ps v \ge glottalized (as is said of certain features of the language), be \de to be glottalized (as is said of certain features of Ventureño) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaqutałtə \pde to be stuck; to be unable to roll (said of a wagon).NZ; to be detained (as when in a trap or caught in tree branches).NZ \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \cf saqutałtə1 \ce to block; to stop from moving \cf tsʔaqutałtə \ce neck of a flint blade; fly trap \xv 1. tsaqutałtə \xe 'it is glottalized.' \sd motion \sd language \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.179; 89.122-123 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqutašəw \a aqutasəw \va (aqutasəw-) \ps vt \ge ask \de to ask \ee It is unclear how the instrumental affix contributes to the meaning of this verb. \mr [] \cf ašəw \ce to speak to; to speak with \xv 1. hukaqutasəwus \xe 'I am going to ask him something.' \xv 2. kisaqutasəwus sitsʔohoy \xe 'he asked another man.' \xv 3. tsaqutasəwus \xe 'he asks him.' \xv 4. kaqutasəwuswu \xe 'I asked them.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.122.4-123.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aquti- \a aqut- \ps vpre \ge by interfering \ge interfering, by \ge INSTR.interfering \de by interfering \ee Glossed as INSTR.interfering. Mamet (2008: 70 71) glosses this as ‘by talking,’ but this translation seems inadequate considering the combination of the prefix with other roots. \cf aqutałtə \ce to be glottalized (as is said of certain features of Ventureño) \cf aqutašəw \ce to ask \cf aqutikat \ce to be an obstacle; to be a problem \cf aqutikuk \ce to stumble on; to stub one’s foot against \cf aqutikumeł \ce to be opposite of; to be facing \cf aqutiple \ce to be finished; to die \cf aqutišətš \ce to be intelligent with experience; to be cunning; to be lively \cf saqutałtə1 \ce to block; to stop from moving \cf saquteqenpi \ce to deal with smth \cf saqutinaʔał \ce to relate; to report \cf tsʔaqutałtə \ce neck of a flint blade; fly trap \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqutikat \ps v \ge obstacle, be an \ge problem, be a \de to be an obstacle; to be a problem \mr [] \xv 1. loʔkaʔolołkʔoy ʔan tsʰwotołkʔoy heʔišup husqisə hukiłtsaqutikatʰ, laʔkʰan simusʔił tsaqutikatʰ ʔan tskumì lokašnunawùtš \xe 'the porpoise goes around the world to see what will hinder it, and when there is no obstacle or nothing the matter it comes back to where it started from.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.853.2-854.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqutikuk \ps v \ge stumble on \ge stub one’s foot against \de to stumble on; to stub one’s foot against \ee This verb is used only of stubbing one's foot or toes against something. Cannot be used of bumping into anything with any other part of the body. \mr [] \sy watiwił \cf ikuk \ce to strike; to peck; to butt; to chip at \cf witut \ce to bump into smth (with one’s shoulder) \xv 1. kaqutikuk kikwoloqoyi kikušʔak lokoʔo \xe 'I stumbled and fell down, and spilled the water.' \xv 2. kaqutikuk sixəp \xe 'I stumbled on a rock.' \xv 3. kaqutikuk hesikʰinʔałxaʔax \xe 'I stubbed my big toe.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.123.3-124.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqutikumeł \a aqutikumel \a aqutiqumeł \va (aqutikumel-, aqutiqumeł) \ps vt \ge opposite of, be \ge facing, be \de to be opposite of; to be facing \ee The root of this verb may be ͽaqutikumeʔeł. \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumeʔeł \ce to move straight (to) \xv 1. tsaqutikumelus \xe 'he is in front or opposite him.' \xv 2. kalotoyi hešikyəwəš ʔan tsaqutikumelus milimoł \xe 'I am lying with my head to the north.' \xv 3. tsaqutikumelus lokaxəp \xe 'it is right in front of the rock.' \xv 4. kaqutikumelus hesilampara \xe 'I am in front of this lamp.' \xv 5. ʔanyapax ʔan tsaqutiqumelus mitsqanaqan \xe 'Anacapa is opposite Ventura.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.124.3-125.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqutiple \ps v \ge finished, be \ge die \de to be finished; to die \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \cf ple \ce to be over; to be finished \xv 1. hukaqutiple \xe 'I am going to die.' \xv 2. tsaqutiple \xe 'he has no more breath/spirit' (said when one dies). \xv 3. kayusaqutiple \xe 'he is about to die.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd idioms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.125.3-126.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqutiqumeł \cf aqutikumeł \ce to be opposite of; to be facing \sd variations \dt 24/May/2011 \lx aqutišəʔəʔətš \ps v \ge intelligent with experience, be.REDUP \ge cunning, be.REDUP \ge lively, be.REDUP \de to be intelligent with experience.REDUP; to be cunning.REDUP; to be lively.REDUP \cf aqutišətš \ce to be intelligent with experience; to be cunning; to be lively \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqutišətš \a aqotiš \rd aqutišəʔəʔətš \va (aqotiš) \ps v \ge intelligent with experience, be \ge cunning, be \ge lively, be \de to be intelligent with experience; to be cunning; to be lively \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqutišətš \pde to be intelligent with experience;.REDUP; to be cunning.NZ; to be lively.NZ \xv 1. lakʰan ʔisqisə payikʔulahuki ʔan tsapuʔuw, mulašaqutišəʔəʔətš ʔan nimiš ʔisapuʔuw sułqisə \xe 'the hen pecks quickly, she is not very smart but nevertheless grans her food.' \xv 2. hesiməy (Ϟor lokaməy) šałmušiyaqša ʔan tsinaʔał kałʔiyaqutišəʔəʔətš ʔisihin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolves who did not perish went to other lands; they are smarter than the coyotes.' \xv 3. tšiyaqutišətš heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan tšaqwin hesimusiyałhaš \xe 'dogs are smart; the only thing they lack is that they do not talk.' \xv 4. lokaʔanatʔamam ʔan ʔalaqutišətš \xe 'the coon is a very lively animal.' \xv 5. tsamʔip ʔan latšə ʔisatʔamli kaypi kisamtənus ʔanatʔamam \xe 'they say that it always likes to go in the canyon rivers and therefore they call him ͽʔanatʔamam' (raccoon). \xv 6. ʔalaqutišətš \xe 'lively person.' \xv 7. no ʔan kʔalaqutišətš \xe 'I have experience / I am very smart.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.126.2-128.1 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx aquwałmay \ps v \ge shade \ge cast shadow \de to shade; to cast shadow \ee Said of inanimate objects. \mr [] \cf ʔaquwałmay \ce shadow \cf aquwałmayəʔəš \ce sunshade; umbrella (for shade) \cf aqwətəy \ce to cast a shadow \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \sd verbs \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.128.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aquwałmayəʔəš \ps n \ge sunshade \ge umbrella (for shade) \de sunshade; umbrella (for shade) \mr [] \cf aquwałmay \ce to shade; to cast shadow \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \sd household \sd tools \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.128.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqwaʔay \ps v \ge mark, be/go on the \ge hit (on) the mark \de to be/go on the mark; to hit (on) the mark \cf alaqwaʔay \ce to be ready (to fight, etc); to get along all right (such as happens in a good house with plenty of food); to be well-fixed in a good house; to build/do smth well (or poorly with ͽ-mu); to settle; to get one’s way \cf apaqwaʔay \ce to cook completely/well \cf aqwayapi \ce to revenge oneself upon \cf matisalaqwaʔay \ce to fix first \cf matʔaqwaʔay \ce to give birth well \cf salaqwaʔay \ce to fix smth; to form; to make ready; to refine \cf tipaqwaʔay \ce to be on time \xv 1. no ʔan kaqwaʔay \xe 'I hit him and did not miss.' \xv 2. tsapaqwaʔay heʔišapš \xe 'this soup is well done.' \xv 3. tsaqwaʔay \xe 'he hit the mark.' \xv 4. tsaqwaʔay hekakxaya \xe 'it hits my bedstead.' \xv 5. hesipon̓ ʔan tšaqwaʔay \xe 'this board is well-formed' (it is not straight nor does it have holes in it). \sd archery \sd food \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.129.1-130.1, 130, 307.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqwayapi \ps v \ge revenge oneself upon \de to revenge oneself upon \mr [] \cf aqwaʔay \ce to be/go on the mark; to hit (on) the mark \xv 1. nełʔuluknetus kuhukaqwayapiyuw \xe 'how am I going to revenge myself on you people?' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg TJPH \rf Glutton111 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqwətəy \a aqʰwətəy \ps v \ge cast shadow \de to cast a shadow \ee Said of animate things. \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv aqwətəypi \pde to cast a shadow.APL.LOC \cf ʔaqwətəy \ce shadow \cf aquwałmay \ce to shade; to cast shadow \xv 1. tsaqwətəy \xe 'it makes a shadow.' \xv 2. hesikʔaqwətəy \xe 'my shadow.' \xv 3. laʔkʰan suptapinwù ʔan kusiyaqʰwətəypìʔił \xe 'if you put yourself among such people then they will make you do what they intend' (lit., 'they will shadow you'). \sd verbs \sd idioms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.132.1-3; Bad6-7 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqwəy \ps v \ge feather (arrows) \de to feather (arrows) \mr [] \cf ʔaqwəyəš \ce to be feathered (said of arrows) \xv 1. hukaqwəy \xe 'I am going to feather it (an arrow).' \xv 2. hukaqwəy hesikya \xe 'I am going to feather this arrow.' \xv 3. neekaqwəywaš \xe 'I have feathered the arrow.' \sd verbs \sd archery \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.130.3-131.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqwiʔiʔin \ps v \ge last, be the very \de to be the very last \mr [] \cf aqwin \ce to be the only; to be only; to be the last \xv 1. tšaqwiʔiʔin ʔi ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'he is the very last man.' \sd numbers \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.135.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqwiʔin \a aqʰwíʔín \ps v \ge only.REDUP, be the \ge only.REDUP, be \ge last.REDUP, be the \de to be the only.REDUP; to be only.REDUP; to be the last.REDUP \cf aqwin \ce to be the only; to be only; to be the last \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqwilili \ph ɑqʰwɪn \ps v \ge sing (said of a certain genre) \de to sing (said of a certain genre) \ee This denotes singing of a certain type, not merely 'singing in general.' \mr [] \cf nəw \ce to sing \cf wilili \ce to make noise \xv 1. no ʔan aqwilili \xe 'I am going to sing' (a kind of singing). \sd verbs \sd culture \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.133.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqwin \rd aqwiʔin \a aqwìn \a aqʰwìn \a aqʰwin \va (aqʰwin) \ps v \ge only, be the \ge last, be the \ge only, be \de to be the only; to be only; to be the last \mr ?[] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv aqwinpi \pde to be the only APL.LOC; to be only APL.LOC; to be the last.APL.LOC \cf aqwiʔiʔin \ce to be the very last \cf šutšaqwinpi \ce to finish the last thing \xv 1. musʔił tsʔohoy̓ kʰin tšaqʰwin \xe 'there is no other, it is only him.' \xv 2. katšaqwin ʔalušʔikʔom sułuw \xe 'it is the only one that stores up its food.' \xv 3. tsʔowow yəlaʔa loʔisamamə tšaqwin loʔiskʔukʔuy \xe 'its whole body is white except its shoulders.' \xv 4. kikamušamušʰowu lušišaxšiłtš tšaqwin lokałtskumu tšqaʔaškom̓ \xe 'they do not let them catch any more than forty.' \xv 5. he ʔan katšaqwinpi ʔikeqweł \xe 'this is the last time I am going to do it.' \xv 6. musʔił tsʔohoy kin tšaqwin he \xe 'there is no more of this.' \xv 7. tšiyaqutišətš heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan tšaqwin hesimusiyałhaš \xe 'the dogs are smart the only thing they lack is that do not talk.' \xv 8. kahe hesukilistu, katšaqwin ʔiswop \xe 'and Jesus Christ His only son.' \xv 9. kiskuʔum lokatšaqwinpi kaʔap \xe 'she arrived at the last house.' \sd verbs \sd number \sd stative \sd common \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.133-135; Daughter50 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqʰay \ps v \ge dwell smwh \ge live smwh \de to dwell smwh; to live smwh \ee This verb form was archaic at the time Harrington recorded it. \cf naqʰay \ce to do in a place \cf naqʰaymu \ce (permanent) place where smth is done \xv 1. nełtšaqʰay kišʔatʔaxatš \xe 'where did He make Himself man?' \xv 2. kaʔiti kakaqʰay \xe 'I stay or live here.' \xv 3. kaʔiti kapaqʰay \xe 'you live here.' \sd verbs \sd household \sd common \sd places \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 69.18; 89.137.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqʔaqskʔutiwəʔə \ps n \ge friend.REDUP \de friend.REDUP \cf aqskʔutiwə \ce friend \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqʔus \a aqʔuš \va (aqʔuš) \ps v \ge have sores \ge sores, have \de to have sores \gn llagas, tener \gn tener llagas \dn tener llagas \ee This is not the word used for pimples, warts, or in grown hairs. Harrington translates this as ‘scar' at one point. \cf itsikuw \ce ?to have boils; ?to have ingrown hairs \cf yułkitwo \ce to have acne; to have pimples \xv 1. kaqʔuš \xe 'I have (large) sores.' \xv 2. kyułkitwo hesiktəq \xe 'I have a lot of pimples.' \xv 3. no ʔan kitsikuw \xe 'I have in-grown hairs.' \xv 4. tšaqʔuš ʔi koloy \xe 'barnacle on crab’s leg.' \xv 5. tsʔił sikaqʔus, kʰkumełtiyutš \xe 'I have a sore by heredity.' \xv 6. tšaqʔuš hesikpu \xe 'I have a sore on my hand.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH; VML \rf 70.27.1; 89.121.1, 136; 92.102.2-103.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqʔuš \cf aqʔus \ce to have sores \sd variations \dt 04/Jan/2012 \lx asʔay \ps v \ge air out (in order to dry) \de to air out (in order to dry) \xv 1. tsiyasʔay lokasmut \xe 'they used to dry the belly.' \xv 2. hukasʔay hešikʰinkawəyəš kihusaxsəw lamitʔi \xe 'I am going to put this tule in the sun so that it can dry.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.181.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx asəw \cf ašəw \ce to speak to; to speak with \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx asəwsəw \cf ašəwšəw \ce to speak to.REDUP; to speak with.REDUP \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx askʔam̓am \a aškʔamam \va (aškʔamam) \ps v \ge chew \de to chew \cf aqskʔəy \ce to grind (teeth); to creak (as is said of trees bending in the wind) \xv 1. no ʔan kaskʔam̓am \xe 'I am chewing' (meat or anything). \xv 2. lokakawayu ʔan tsaskʔam̓am šitaštaʔaš \xe 'the horse is chewing grass.' \xv 3. pakeʔet ʔišaškʔamam \xe 'he just takes one chew.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.442.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx asoti \ps v \ge lash \ge whip \de to lash; to whip \mr [] \xv 1. tsamasoti \xe 'they whipped him.' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.442.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx astəməmə \ph ɑs̱tǝˈmǝmǝ \ps v \ge boom (as is said of the ocean) \de to boom (as is said of the ocean) \mr [] \sy askululutš \xv 1. tsastəməmə hesimuwu \xe 'the sea is booming continously' (said by person inland who hears it and it is going to rain). \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd language \sd water \sd nature \rf 89.405.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx astipił \ps v \ge thick, be \de to be thick \ee This verb applies to the quality of an item and not its volume. \cf ʔaštipilaʔaš \ce thickness \cf apastipił \ce to be boiled down; to be boiled thick \xv 1. tsastipił \xe 'it is thick.' \xv 2. tsiyastipił \xe 'they 3+ are sick.' \xv 3. tsʰuwaxaʔax ʔišałhaš (Ϟor ksuwaxaʔax sikałhaš) \xe 'I speak thickly' (does not indicate anything regarding the volume of the voice). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.311.1, 442.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx astiwuy \ps v \ge have smth embedded in (one's flesh) \ge embedded in (one's flesh), have smth \de to have smth embedded in (one's flesh) \gn tener astilla \gn astilla, tener \dn tener astilla \ee Harrington lists ͽatsttiwuy as a possible pronunciation, although no examples have this form. \mr [] \cf tiwuy \ce to relocate oneself \xv 1. tsʔił sikastiwuy hesiktem̓ \xe 'there is a thorn in my foot.' \xv 2. seqenit hekakastiwuy \xe 'pull out my sliver for me.' \xv 3. pakeʔet ʔisastiwuy \xe 'he has one spine, no more.' \xv 4. kastiwuy ʔan xaʔax \xe 'I was stuck with a large thorn.' \xv 5. kastiwuy hesikpu \xe 'I have a sliver in my hand.' \xv 6. kastiwuy hesikmət \xe 'there is something sticking me in my back.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg (81.119.1; 89.444.3-445.1) \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx asʰuna \a asuna \ps vt \ge command smn \de to command smn \mr [] \cf alasʰuna \ce commandment \cf ašʰunatš \ce to command (as when part of one’s job) \xv 1. tsasʰunanit \xe 'he commanded me.' \xv 2. tsasʰunanus \xe 'he commanded him.' \xv 3. asʰunaniyuw kikə \xe 'thy kingdom come.' \xv 4. tsasʰunanwu sikukuʔu lokaxʔanwa kihusiyutʔaʔaw sitimew̓ \xe 'she commanded the people to hunt rabbits.' \xv 5. kayulasʰunaniyuw \xe 'he is the one who is going to command you.' \xv 6. alasʰuna \xe 'commandment.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd religion \sd culture \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.438.1-439.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ašəw \rd ašəwšəw \a asəw \va (asəw-) \ps vt \ge speak with \ge to speak to \de to speak to; to speak with \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \cf aqutašəw \ce to ask \cf suyasəw \ce to want to speak with (said when other party is not nearby) \cf šaqutašəwš \ce to ask (?speak up) \xv 1. ašəwit ! \xe 'talk to me!' \xv 2. ʔiyašəwit ! \xe 'speak to me!' \xv 3. tšašəwił \xe 'he spoke to you.' \xv 4. tšamašəwit \xe 'they talked to me.' \xv 5. tsasəwus \xe 'he talks to him.' \xv 6. hukašəwił \xe 'I am going to talk to you.' \xv 7. hukasəwus \xe 'I am going to talk to him.' \xv 8. ksuyasəwił \xe 'I want to talk with you' ; 'I would talk with you.' \xv 9. kasəwus heʔisalitəq \xe 'I said it right to his face.' \xv 10. lašwelexšpiyit ʔan mušašəwit \xe 'the man went by and did not answer me.' \xv 11. kanawa štšhoho ʔisasəwus loʔkaʔałwə \xe 'when he finished speaking to the sleeping one...' \xv 12. simuamasəwus, ʔan mušałhaš \xe 'if they speak with him, he does not talk.' \xv 13. ksuyasəwus losixʔanwa \xe 'I want to talk to that woman' ; 'I would talk to that woman.' \xv 14. laškəkʰkəkš, musʔił lulasəwus \xe 'it lived alone, did not have anyone to speak with, did not have anyone to talk with.' \xv 15. kikakasəwsəwus saʔališpiwetš šaʔałhaputš, ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'and I asked a butcher (or rather was talking with a butcher) and he said to me,' \sd verbs \sd language \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.437.3-4, 445.2-447.1; Travels7 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ašəwšəw \a asəwsəw \ps vt \ge speak to.REDUP \ge speak with.REDUP \de to speak to.REDUP; to speak with.REDUP \cf ašəw \ce to speak to; to speak with \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aškululutš \a askululutš \va (askululutš) \ps v \ge crash and hiss \de to crash and hiss \ee This is said of the sound of waves crashing. Refers to any sound made by waves of shore, splatters, hisses and slaps. \sy astəməmə \xv 1. tšaskululutš losiikmen \xe 'the waves make noise.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd water \sd language \lg JPH \rf 81.31.4; 89.448.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aškʔamam \cf askʔam̓am \ce to chew \sd variations \dt 26/Feb/2011 \lx ašnaʔał \ps v \ge incapacitate \ge disable \de to incapacitate; to disable \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. laʔkʰan ʔi tsamuštʔewè loʔištelèq kapaxàt kikamušašnaʔàł \xe 'when you spear a whale in the tail, it is incapacitated.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.903.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ašnəm \cf ʔašnəm \ce when \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aštəwəkš \a aštəwə̀kš \ps v \ge green, be \de to be green \mr ?[] \cf ʔalaštəwəkš \ce green; smth green; type of rock that has healing properties used by older people or herbalists \cf uwaštəwəkš \ce to be blue \xv 1. tšaštəwəkš \xe 'it is green.' \xv 2. neʔešaštəwəkš heʔistawayək, loʔišupšup \xe 'the fields, the mountain range, are already green.' \xv 3. mukasiyʔap ʔiti tsiyət tsinawa šastəwəkš šitaštaʔaš \xe 'they (the wild geese) do not live here all the time, they come in the time when the grass is green.' \xv 4. munašipšəł \xe 'it is not ripe yet' (said of fruit). \xv 5. ʔalaštəwəkʰš \xe 'something green.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd colors \lg JPH \rf 89.450.3-451.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ašulap \ps vt \ge invite \de to invite \mr [] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \xv 1. tšašulapit sukišʔuwlilo \xe 'he invited me to eat.' \xv 2. kašulapił kihukišnaʔał lokakʔap kihukišʔuwlilo \xe 'I invited you to my house to eat with me.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manners \lg JPH \rf 89.452.1; 92.187.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ašunatš \cf ašʰunatš \ce to command (as when part of one’s job) \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ašʰunatš \a ašunatš \va (ašunatš) \ps v \ge command (as when part of one’s job) \de to command (as when part of one’s job) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalašʰunatš \pde commander \cf asʰuna \ce to command smn \xv 1. no ʔan kašʰunatš \xe 'I command.' \xv 2. lokawot kalašʰunatš \xe 'the captain commands.' \xv 3. tsalaxsumu heʔismaʔam lokaʔalašʰunatš ponsio pilato \xe 'suffered under the power of Poncius Pilate.' \xv 4. ušiqom lokašašʰunatš lyos kiloka santa ʔilesya kilokakiyuštʔeymu hesikiyiliklikʔe \xe 'keep the Commandments of the Law of God and of the holy Church and the obligations of ours[?have] been.' \sd verbs \sd government \sd culture \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.447.3; 92.191.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ataqmu \ps v \ge zealous, be \de to be zealous \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalataqmu \pde to be zealous.NZ \xv 1. ʔalataqmu \xe 'he is zealous.' \xv 2. ʔalataqmu \xe 'zealot' ('in the general sense' Harrington notes this form can not take the first person subject). \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.140.2, 172.3, 452.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx atatiš \ps v \ge love, be in.REDUP \de to be in love.REDUP \cf ʔatiš \ce to be in love \sd reduplications \dt 26/Feb/2011 \lx ataxatš \ps v \ge man, be (a) \de to be (a) man \mr ?[] \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \cf ʔax \ce bow \xv 1. kipataxatš \xe 'you are man.' \lg JPH, KO \rf 72.210.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx atis \cf ʔatiš \ce to be in love \sd variations \dt 26/Oct/2011 \lx atiš \ps v \ge apart, be \de to be apart \xv 1. tšišnowo kašnehet loʔkapakeʔet kaʔapətəš ʔišišatiš \xe 'they stood about a pace apart.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Greetings3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx atʔam \ps v \ge wade along \de to wade along \cf ʔatʔamli \ce to go along a stream; to wade \xv 1. katʔamli \xe 'I wade along the canyon in the water' ; 'I wade up a ditch full of water.' \xv 2. latšə ʔisatʔamli \xe 'it wades all the time.' \xv 3. ʔalatʔamli \xe 'wader.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd manner \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH \rf 89.458.4-459.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx atskaw \ps v \ge meet with accident \ge meet with an incident (good or bad) \de to meet with an accident; to meet with an incident (good or bad) \ee Possible relationship with ͽkaw̓ ‘left (direction); to be left (direction).’ \cf ʔałtipatskaw \ce sinner \cf ʔatškawəš \ce mistake; sin \cf atškawš \ce to happen \cf satskaw \ce to earn/get \cf uxnatskaw \ce to make a mistake; to make an error \xv 1. katskaw \xe 'I met with an accident.' \xv 2. kiwə musʔił tsatskaw \xe 'because she had no luck.' \xv 3. ʔatškawəš \xe 'a sin.' \xv 4. ʔip lokapatskaw ! \xe 'confess your sins!' \xv 5. tšatškawš \xe 'it happened.' \xv 6. tsatskaw lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the man met with an accident.' \xv 7. xilikšaši ʔapatskaw \xe 'take care of yourself lest you meet with an accident.' \xv 8. kakanaʔaʔay ʔan hupšaqškutałputš sipatsatsakaʔaw, kumpisał yəlaʔa, hupuxninikʔəyi, hupsuyeqweł šiwašətš \xe 'you consider first your sins, confess with repentance all the mortal sins and intend to make amends.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd religion \lg JPH \rf 89.464.4-469.4; 92.208.1; Daughter50 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx atsʔəməmə \ps v \ge shut one's mouth \ge close one's mouth \de to shut one's mouth; to close one's mouth \mr [] \cf ʔəmə \ce to be mute \xv 1. tsatsʔəməmə lokaʔalaqutsʔum \xe 'the clam closed its shell.' \xv 2. kikałwašətš supatsʔəməmə \xe 'it's good to keep your mouth shut' (so the gnats will not enter). \sd body \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 91.647.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -atš \cf -Vtš \ce property verbalizing suffix \sd variations \dt 18/Apr/2011 \lx atškawš \ps v \ge happen \de to happen \ee This may refer to the happening of something good or bad. Harrington notes that this word is different entirely from the word ͽatskaw ‘to meet with an accident’ \mr [] \cf atskaw \ce to meet with an accident; to meet with an incident (good or bad) \xv 1. tšatškawš \xe 'it happened (good or bad).' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.469.4-470.1; 90.23.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx atšʔatš \cf ʔaʔtšʔatš \ce magpie \sd variations \dt 08/Jul/2012 \lx awəy \a awə́y \a awə \ps v \ge roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers) \ge fry/roast (said of cooking done on embers) \de to roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers) \et *-wi- \ec Compare BOI ʼaw̓in ‘to boil,’ INZ ʼaw̓in ‘to boil,’ OBI kiwisi ⁓ kisiwi ‘to boil’ (Klar 1977: 70-71) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv awəš \pde to roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers).IPFV \cf ʔawəyəš \ce roast meat \cf ʔuqtʔawəyəš \ce tortilla cooked on comal; smth baked on comal \cf uqtʔawəš \ce to roast on top of coals \cf uqtʔawəy \ce to cook (tortillas) on a comal; to cook (tortillas) on top of coals \cf uqtʔawəyəʔəš \ce soapstone slab used for cooking torillas or toasting grains \xv 1. kihusawəy heʔišpeqenutš \xe 'so that she could roast them on the hot coals.' \xv 2. hukawəy hešaʔałhaputš ʔiti ʔišpeqʔenutš \xe 'I am going to roast the meat here on top of the coals.' \xv 3. hukawey \xe 'I am going to roast a piece of meat here in the embers.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd common \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.471.3-472.2; WeirB 8 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx awit \ps v \ge care for \de to care for \cf ʔałʔalawitš \ce caretaker; smn who cares for others \xv 1. no ʔan kawit hesikʔitšʔitš \xe 'I am looking after my younger brother.' \xv 2. kʔalawitš \xe 'I am looking after (smn)' ; 'I am caring for (smn).' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.173, 476.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ax- \hm 1 \cf aq-1 \ce with the mouth \sd variations \dt 26/May/2011 \lx ax- \hm 2 \cf aq-2 \ce formative verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 30/May/2011 \lx axakš \ps vt \ge give (generally said of food) \de to give (generally said of food) \ee Harrington notes that this verb was generally used of giving food. \mr [] \cf ikš \ce to give; to hand to \xv 1. axakšit ! \xe 'please give me!' \xv 2. axakšit tsipʰin ʔałmówho ! \xe 'give me some of your candy!' \xv 3. neʔektʔoloq, axakšit lopalʔuw ! \xe 'I am hungry, give me what you have to eat!' \xv 4. axakšit fósforo ! \xe 'give me a match !' \xv 5. no ʔan kaxakšił pakeʔet sipesu \xe 'I gave you a dollar.' \xv 6. no ʔan kikšił pakeʔet sipesu \xe 'I gave you a dollar.' \xv 7. tšaxakšit suluw (Ϟor sulamuw) \xe 'he gave me something to eat.' \xv 8. ʔəhə sulamuw (Ϟor sulamʔuw) \xe 'there is a lot of food.' \xv 9. axakšit ʔapʔuxštu ! ʔaloxmoy \xe 'give me some of your food! lest you become deaf, stingy one' (belief commonly held). \sd food \sd culture \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.341.1, 352.2-354.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axapət \ps v \ge shinny up \de to shinny up \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \xv 1. hukaxapət sipon̓ \xe 'I am going to shinny up a tree.' \xv 2. tsaxapət sipon̓ (Ϟor tsapəti sipon̓) \xe 'he is climbing a tree.' \xv 3. kanayusaxtapət ʔiti šaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'it is the first time that he tread on the ground of this earth' (old idiom said of a stranger arriving at a place). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd idioms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.355.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axatšəš \ps v \ge go about with a bow \de to go about with a bow \mr [<ʔax- (bow) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔax \ce bow \xv 1. siqunqunup ʔan tšiyaxatšəš ʔiyalisitsʔa \xe 'the boys go about with bows, playing.' \sd archery \sd hunting \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.356.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axaxsəw \ps v \ge dry, be.REDUP \de to be dry.REDUP \cf axsəw \ce to be dry \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axaxskʔəy \ps v \ge creak (as a tree makes).REDUP \de to creak (as a tree makes).REDUP \cf axskʔəy \ce to creak (as a tree makes) \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axaxʔunimay \ps v \ge deceive.REDUP \ge fool.REDUP \ge cheat.REDUP \de to deceive.REDUP; to fool.REDUP; to cheat.REDUP \cf axʔunimay \ce to deceive; to fool; to cheat \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axəš \ps n \ge sister-in-law (wife’s sister after one’s wife dies) \de sister-in-law (wife’s sister after one’s wife dies) \cf ištanim̓u \ce sister-in-law (nine days of mourning after death of one’s wife) \cf xəš \ce sister-in-law \xv 1. kaxəš \xe 'my sister-in-law.' \sd affinal \sd kinship \lg JPH \rf 72.283.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axi- \ps vpre \ge INSTR.punctual \de of punctual action; of action done in instances \ee For INZ, Applegate (1972: 335) consideres ͽaxi to be two separate prefixes: ͽaq /ͽax meaning ‘quickly,’ and axi meaning ‘punctual.’ For BOI, Beeler glosses ͽaxi- as ‘to happen so and so many times’ (Beeler 1978: 173) (though this does not necessarily exclude the interpretation of two affixes). Glossed as INSTR.punctual. \cf ʔałʔalaxipetš \ce carpenter \cf ʔałʔalaxiyepš \ce doctor \cf ʔaxiwił \ce dance ground \cf alaxinaʔał \ce dancer \cf aqitsʔətsʔə \ce to sharpen a point on \cf aqipkʔes \ce to open outwards (as is said of hatching eggs) \cf aqiwəwə \ce to swim \cf aqiwohotš \ce to be dizzy \cf axapət \ce to shinny up \cf axiʔik \ce to touch lightly \cf axikowowo \ce to move quickly while on one’s side \cf aximasəx \ce to do/happen thrice \cf axinaʔał \ce to dance \cf axinowo \ce to move quickly while vertical \cf axipakeʔet \ce to do once \cf axiteqpey \ce to (keep) attach(ing) to ; to be stuck to \cf axitowš \ce to fight together of a sudden \cf axitu \ce to do/happen again \cf axitskumu \ce to repeat four times \cf axixe \ce to be worn down; to be used \cf ?axkitwo \ce ?to run out \cf iwaxikpi \ce to touch smth on (smth else) \cf saxiʔik \ce ?to cause to touch lightly \cf saximasəx \ce to do/happen three times \cf saxinaʔał \ce to make dance \cf saxinowo \ce to place vertically by ramming into the ground \cf saxipakeʔet \ce to do/happen once \cf saxitu \ce to do/happen twice \cf saxixe \ce to wear down \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axiʔik \ps v \ge touch lightly \de to touch lightly \ee Harrington's speaker used the verb ͽiwaxiʔik to describe this action. However, ͽaxiʔik must have been sufficiently common to warrant its entry as a real word. \mr [] \cf saxiʔik \ce ?to cause to touch lightly \xv 1. kaxiʔik \xe 'I just touch or graze [a part of my body up against a thing].' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxiʔik lokasiya \xe 'I just grazed against a chair.' \xv 3. ksaxiʔik hesikpo \xe 'I feel of my cheek' (to see where to shave). \xv 4. no ʔan kiwaxiʔik hesikšipuk hesilamesa \xe 'I hold my elbow so that it just touches the table, I just touch it against some paper here hanging over the edge of the table, do not push it.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.357.4-358.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axikəhə \rd axixikəhə \a axikəhən \va (axikəhən-) \ps vt \ge near, be \de to be near \gn estar cerca \gn cerca, estar \dn estar cerca \sy kaneʔeʔe \cf axixikəhə \ce to approach \xv 1. tsaxikəhənus \xe 'it is near to it.' \xv 2. tsaxikəhənit \xe 'it is near to me.' \xv 3. neʔesaxikəhə lokamaxatʔaməš \xe 'he has already come today from San Miguel.' \xv 4. neʔe siyaxikəhə́, hušišušełxénwu \xe 'the enemies are near and they (the men in ambush) are going to kill everyone of them to the last man.' \xv 5. salaxikəhənus santa barbara \xe 'near Santa Barbara.' \xv 6. tsaxikəhənus lokaxəp \xe 'it is near the rock.' \xv 7. kasališkomini ʔisqawawa ʔan tsaxikəhənus heʔistiwis \xe 'and he has two more fins near his anus.' \xv 8. lokasʔap ʔan tsaxikəhənuʔušwaš suʔutʔam \xe 'the house was near the river.' \xv 9. neʔemusaxikəhənus \xe 'now it is no longer near.' \xv 10. neʔesaxikəhənus lokašʔapʰanəšmu lokaskoko \xe 'she was already drawing near to the ranchería of her father.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd locations \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.361.3-363.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axikowowo \ps v \ge move quickly while on one’s side \de to move quickly while on one’s side \ee This is said of a person swimming on his side. \mr [] \cf kowowo \ce to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \xv 1. tsaxikowowo ʔisaqiwəwə \xe 'he is swimming on his side.' \xv 2. kaxikowowo sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I swim on my side.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.364.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aximasəx \ps v \ge do/happen thrice \ge happen/do thrice \de to do/happen thrice \mr [] \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \cf masəx \ce three \cf saximasəx \ce to do/happen three times \xv 1. kakaximasəx \xe 'I did it three times.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.364.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axinaʔał \a ʔaxinaʔàł \a axinaʔàł \ps v \ge dance \de to dance \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \cf alaxinaʔał \pdv ʔalaxinaʔał \pde dance.NZ \ce dancer \cf axinaləš \ce dance \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf saxinaʔał \ce to make dance \xv 1. tsiyaxinaʔał \xe 'they three are dancing.' \xv 2. hukaxinaʔał \xe 'I am going to dance.' \xv 3. huki luʔamaxinaʔał \xe 'what dance are they going to dance?' \xv 4. tsiyaxinaʔał sihaw \xe 'they are dancing the fox [dance].' \xv 5. saxinaʔał \xe 'he is dancing the [bear dance].' \xv 6. huʔamaxinaʔał \xe 'they are going to have a dance.' \xv 7. tsiyaxinaxinaʔał \xe 'they are dancing.' \xv 8. ʔalaxinaʔał \xe 'dancer.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.364.4-367.1; 90.119.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axinaləš \ps n \ge dance \de dance \mr [] \cf axinaʔał \ce to dance \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. ʔaxinaləš ʔi xus \xe 'bear dance.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd culture \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.367.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axinowo \ps v \ge move quickly while vertical \de to move quickly while vertical \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \cf saxinowo \ce to place vertically by ramming into the ground \xv 1. kaxinowo sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I am swimming standing.' \xv 2. tsaxinowonli ʔisaqiwəwə \xe 'he stands in the water (stands erect treading water).' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.367.368.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axipakeʔet \ps v \ge do once \ge once, do \de to do once \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \cf saxipakeʔet \ce to do/happen once \xv 1. lasaxipakeʔet \xe 'he did it only one time.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukapiʔiš hukaxipakeʔet \xe 'I am going to get wood; I am going to make one trip only.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.368.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axipe \ps v \ge carve \de to carve \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalaxipetš \ce carpenter \cf ʔaxipeneʔeš \ce instrument for carving \cf ʔaxipeneš \ce smth carved \cf axipenešpi \ce to carve with \xv 1. ksalaqwaʔaʔay sikaxipe \xe 'I work it well.' \xv 2. kaxipe sipon̓ \xe 'I work a board.' \xv 3. kaxipetš \xe 'I work.' \xv 4. hukaxipe sipon̓ \xe 'I am going to work/carve/cut a board.' \xv 5. kaxipe \xe 'I carve [a table].' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.368.3-369.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axipenešpi \ps v \ge carve with \de to carve with \mr [] \cf axipe \ce to carve \xv 1. kaxipenešpi šimaqš \xe 'I am carving with a piece of flint.' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.370.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axipʰuyutš \ps v \ge worn down (piece of soap), be (a) \de to be (a) worn down (of soap) \ee This word is not stricktly reserved for soap, though Harrington's speaker never heard it used of anything except soap. \mr [] \xv 1. tsaxipʰuyutš sixawon \xe 'it is a worn piece of soap.' \xv 2. ksunuwus ʔisaxipʰuyutš sixawon \xe 'I used a (worn down) piece of soap.' \xv 3. no ʔan kaxipʰuyutš \xe 'I am a used up/worn out thing.' \xv 4. tsaxipʰuyutš, neʔesaxipʰuyutš \xe 'the soap is worn down; it is already worn down to a little cake.' \xv 5. pakeʔet ʔisaxipʰuyutš sixawon \xe 'a little worn down piece of soap.' \xv 6. kʰqisənwu ʔisaxipʰuyutš \xe 'I saw worn down ones.' \xv 7. kʰqisə ʔisaxipʰuyutš \xe 'I saw one worn down one.' \xv 8. pakeʔet ʔisaxipʰuyutš \xe 'a worn down thing.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.371.1-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axiqšihitš \ps v \ge eat at noon \ge have lunch \ge lunch, have \de to be noon; ?to be the south wind blowing \ee The phrase ͽkʔuwlilo can, by itself, also mean 'I eat lunch (dinner).' \mr [] \cf iqsihi \ce to be noon; ?to be the south wind blowing \xv 1. kaxiqšihitš (Ϟor kaxiqšihitš sikʔuwlilo) \xe 'I eat lunch (dinner).' \sd verbs \sd common \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.363.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axiteqpey \ps v \ge (keep) attach(ing) to \ge stuck to, be \de to (keep) attach(ing) to ; to be stuck to \mr [] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \xv 1. tsiyaxiteqpeyił \xe 'they go about and stick themselves on your back.' \xv 2. tsiyaxiteqpey lokapon̓ \xe 'they are stuck in the plank.' \xv 3. kʰan ʔisiqisə šaʔatʔaxatš tsiyuleqpeyus kisiyaxiteqpey heʔismət, kikasʰuxsuxniwu \xe 'when they see a man they follow after him and stick themselves all over his back, and he keeps chasing or frightening them off by waving his arms.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.373.3-374.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axitiyam \ps v \ge move down \ge sink down \de to move down; to sink down \ee The instrumental prefix ͽaxi- would seem to inindicate that this happens in increments. \mr [] \cf tiyam \ce to sink (down) \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. tsaxitiyam hesikpantalon \xe 'my pants are slipping down as I walk or work.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.374.2 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx axitowš \ps v \ge fight together of a sudden \de to fight together of a sudden \mr [] \cf towš \ce to fight \xv 1. tsiyaxitowš \xe (they were going along together happy and then) 'they got mad and fought.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.374.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axitu \ps v \ge happen/do again \ge do/happen again \de to do/happen again \mr [] \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \cf saxitu \ce to do/happen twice \xv 1. tsaxitu \xe 'he repeats a second time' (says a word or repeats a sentence over again). \xv 2. hukaxitù \xe 'I am going to repeat it.' \xv 3. tsaxitu ʔisipoxʔi lokamitəpə \xe 'she knocked twice.' \sd numbers \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.374.4-375.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axitskumu \ps v \ge repeat four times \de to repeat four times \mr [] \cf tskumu \ce four \xv 1. kaxitskumu \xe 'I repeat a word four times.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.375.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axitš \ps v \ge fight in war \de to fight in war \et *aqi/u \ec INZ axi-č ‘to fight,’ CRZ naml-exik ‘to fight,’ OBI s-equ (Klar 1977: 85) \cf ʔaxitšaʔaš \ce weapon (for war) \xv 1. tšamaxitš \xe 'they are warring.' \xv 2. tšiyaxitš \xe 'they three are shooting at each other in the war with arrows.' \xv 3. tšiyaxitš seʔemetšeš \xe 'the soldiers are fighting.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \lg JPH \rf 89.375.3-376.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axiwon \a axiwo \va (axiwo) \ps v \ge grunt \de to grunt \mr [] \cf iwon \ce to sound; to make chirping noises; to groan; to bray; to crow; to moo; to howl; to croak; to sing (said of birds) \xv 1. no ʔan kaxiwon \xe 'I make a grunting sound.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxiwo \xe 'I grunt' (as they do in the peon game). \sd language \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.378.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axiwotołkʔoy \ps v \ge dance around in a circle \de to dance around in a circle \mr [] \cf axiwotołkʔoyəʔəš \ce rapid whirling dance \cf wotołkʔoy \ce to whirl horizontally \xv 1. hukaxiwotołkʔoy \xe 'I am going to dance a dance that goes around in a circle.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.378.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axiwotołkʔoyəʔəš \ps n \ge rapid whirling dance \ge dance, rapid whirling \de rapid whirling dance \mr [] \cf axiwotołkʔoy \ce to dance around in a circle \cf wotołkʔoy \ce to whirl horizontally \sd verbs \sd motion \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.379.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axiwotoqloʔop \ps v \ge face up, be \de to be face up \mr [] \xv 1. tsaxiwotoqloʔop ʔisaqiwəwə \xe 'he swims mouth up.' \xv 2. tsxilapət kimuhuštapi soʔo heʔisʔək \xe 'he bends his head back so that the water will not enter his mouth.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.378.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axixe \ps v \ge worn down, be \ge used, be \de to be worn down; to be used \cf saxixe \ce to wear down \xv 1. tsaxixe \xe 'it is worn down' (said of sole of shoe, iron, anything). \xv 2. tšišaxixe \xe 'the two are worn.' \xv 3. tsaxixe hesimetati \xe 'this metate is worn smooth.' \xv 4. neʔesaxixe hekaksapatu \xe 'my shoe is worn out.' \xv 5. lokaplatu ʔan neʔesaxixe \xe 'the plate is already worn.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.371.4-373.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axixikəhə \ps v \ge approach \de to approach \gn acercarse \dn acercarse \mr [] \cf axikəhə \ce to be near \xv 1. tsaxixikəhənus lokamow \xe 'it sounds or resembles mow somewhat' (said of verb mowho, 'to be sweet'). \sd verbs \sd senses \sd motion \sd reduplications \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.373.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axiyam \ps v \ge run downhill \de to run downhill \mr [] \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kaxiyam \xe 'I ran downhill.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.379.2 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx axiyep \ps vt \ge cure \de to cure \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalaxiyepš \ce doctor \cf ʔaxiyeʔep \ce remedy; medicine \xv 1. ʔulasaxiyepitwaš lokaałʔalaxiyepš ʔan lakəkš tseqe lokakalušiʔik kimukišpuwenušwaš kəwə musaxiyepitwaš \xe 'if the doctor had cured me he would have removed my pain, but I didn’t pay him because he didn’t cure me.' \xv 2. ʔałʔalaxiyepš \xe 'doctor.' \xv 3. kikasisaxiyepus heʔišyəwəš tsisʰunuwus šitaštaʔaš kaštə hamisar kašiyʔałhašəʔəš siyʔiyʔałnuna san fernando \xe 'and they cured her with an herb called hamisar in the san fernando language.' \sd medicine \sd religion \sd health \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 89.360.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axkat \ps n \ge leftovers \ge swill \de leftovers; swill \gn sobras \dn sobras \ee Harrington notes that this is said by the speaker of food he himself has left over. \mr [] \cf ʔaxkatəš \ce leftovers (smn else’s) \xv 1. mitʔi sikaxkat \xe 'I do not have much swill.' \xv 2. kəpə ʔan neʔemuksuyasinayiʔiy hałʔeqey, tsiyʔuw siksələyət, tšiyušxaxš hekakʰintaštaʔaš, musʔił hałkaxkat kimusʔił lukałyikuswu \xe 'I am not going to keep chickens any longer, they eat my seeds and scratch up my plants and I have no swill to give them.' \sd food \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.383.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axkik \ps v \ge gnaw \de to gnaw \mr [] \xv 1. tsaxkik losipon̓ \xe 'he gnaws the tree.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.383.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axkitwo \ps v \ge ?run out \de ?to run out \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ axkitwon ‘to come out fast’ (Applegate: 1972: 328) \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. kasyə́t saxkitwo \xe 'he ran' (lit., ?he came running). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH \rf Travels60 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx axkum \cf aqkum \ce to be full of food; to eat to satisfaction \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axlala \ps v \ge mouth of, be in the \de to be in the mouth of \ee This verb is used only of animals. \mr [] \cf axlalanitš \ce to have smth in one’s mouth; to be with smth in one’s mouth \cf saxlala \ce to hold in the mouth \xv 1. tsaxlala ʔisʰe lokaštəʔəniwaš \xe 'the dog has a bone in his mouth.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \sd stative \sd locations \lg JPH \rf 89.394.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axlalanitš \ps v \ge have smth in one's mouth \ge mouth, have smth in one's \de to have smth in one’s mouth; to be with smth in one’s mouth \mr [] \cf axlala \ce to be in the mouth of \cf poʔon \ce to put in one’s mouth; to hold in one’s mouth \xv 1. tšaxlalanitš \xe 'he has something in his mouth' (said of dog). \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.384.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axlap \ps v \ge enchant by singing \ge bewitch \de to enchant by singing; to bewitch \ee Does not refer exclusively or primarily to speech. Most likely refers to singing. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaxlapš \pde to enchant by singing.NZ; to bewitch.NZ \cf ʔalalaxlapš \ce enchanter; smn who enchants by singing \xv 1. tsaxlapus \xe 'he bewitches him.' \xv 2. tsamaxlapus \xe 'they are enchanting him.' \xv 3. tšaxlapš \xe 'he sings enchanting songs.' \xv 4. ʔalaxlapš \xe 'a man who sings certain enchanting songs.' \xv 5. ʔalalaxlapš \xe 'a man who knows echanting songs.' \xv 6. ʔiʔalaxlapš \xe 'the singers of enchanting songs.' \sd verbs \sd religion \sd culture \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.164; 385.1-.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axlele \ps v \ge squeak \de to squeak \ee May be a variant of exlele ‘to cry out.’ \mr [] \xv 1. tsaxlele kimiš \xe 'it squeaks and cries' (when you get hold of a rabbit). \sd verbs \sd language \sd animals \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.865.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axluk \ps v \ge miss \de to miss \ee This is said when one misses while aiming to hit a piaque ball with a shinney stick. \xv 1. no ʔan kaxluk \xe 'I missed the piaque ball when I made a strike at it with the shinney.' \sd verbs \sd gaming \lg JPH \rf 89.385.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axlupʔetš \ps v \ge eat acorn mush with the fingers \de to eat acorn mush with the fingers \ee Harrington’s speaker noted that this verb refers to this one act, though the speaker supposed that the verb could be used for eating atole de bellosa with a spoon. \cf ʔixpanəš \ce acorn \xv 1. kaxlupʔetš \xe 'I eat acorn mush with my fingers.' \xv 2. tšiyaxlupʔetš \xe 'they are eating mush with their fingers.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.386.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axmay \ps vt \ge trespass against \de to trespass against \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf suwaqmay \ce to reject; to want not \xv 1. kiseqenuswu lokaʔiʔalaxmayiyuw \xe 'our debtors.' \xv 2. kiseqeniyuw lokakiyaxmay, kašnehet kikə kiseqenuswu lokaʔiʔalaxmayiyuw \xe 'forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us.' \sd verbs \sd religion \sd neologisms \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.386.4-387.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axməkə \ps v \ge deep, be \de to be deep \ee Harrington notes that this not used of water; it is used of holes, pits, etc. \mr [] \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \cf saxməkə \ce to make deep \xv 1. tsaxməkə \xe 'it is deep.' \xv 2. tsaxməkə ʔištəq \xe 'he has very deep eyes.' \xv 3. hukušpay hemišup ʔan huksaxməkə \xe 'I am going to make a deep hole in the ground.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.387.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axmoy \ps v \ge selfish, be \de to be selfish \xv 1. pʔalaxmoy \xe 'you selfish woman.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.387.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axmuš \ps v \ge praise \de to praise \cf ʔałtšuyaxmušʰaši \ce one who loves him/herself; one who praises him/herself \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv axmušʰaši \pde to praise.REFL.CPLV \xv 1. tšaxmušʰaši \xe 'he praises himself.' \xv 2. hukaxmušił \xe 'I am going to praise you.' \xv 3. hukaxmušʰaši \xe 'I am going to praise myself.' \xv 4. ʔałtšuyaxmušʰaši \xe 'he is a man who has self-love.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.267.1, 388.1 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx axnapay \ps v \ge expel from the mouth \ge vomit out \de to expel from the mouth; to vomit out \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \cf uxtšʔək \ce I. saliva; spit (inside mouth) II. to spit \xv 1. kaxnapay \xe 'I reject or let fall or spit out what I have in my mouth.' \xv 2. hukaxnapay \xe 'I spit it out' (stuff I have taken into my mouth and spit it out). \xv 3. loʔkapaxat ʔan tsaqʰləw̓ə̀ xeremias, masəx šiʔišaw̓ ištapi ʔismaʔàm kitštiyət loʔkapaxat heʔmilùkʰ kisaxnapày kaskitwò \xe 'the whale swallowed Jeremias, after three days passed the whale threw him up onto the shore and went away.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.925.1; 89.388.3-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx axneqpey \ps vt \ge resemble (in smell) \de to resemble (in smell) \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \xv 1. hešitaštaʔaš ʔan tšuxš tsaxneqpeyus lokašow \xe 'this plant smells like tobacco.' \sd senses \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.389.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axnipaxat \ps v \ge resemble a whale \ge whale, resemble a \de to resemble a whale \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf paxat \ce whale \xv 1. tsaxnipaxat \xe 'it resembles a whale' (but is not). \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.389.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axnipkʔəš \ps v \ge sour, be \de to be sour \mr [] \sy axpəy \cf aqni \ce to resemble \xv 1. tšaxnipkʔəš \xe 'it is sour or acidic like a lemon.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd stative \sd senses \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.390.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axniskʔaya \cf aqniskʔaya \ce to spoil; to sour (as with food gone bad); to be sour; to be tart; to be bitter; to be disagreeable \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axnitipo \ps v \ge taste salty \ge salty, taste \ge taste like salt \ge salt, taste like \de to taste like salt; to taste salty \ee This may be a diminuitve form of the verb. \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf tip \ce salt \cf tipo \ce to be salty \xv 1. tsaxnitipo \xe 'it is not very salty; it tastes like salt.' \sd food \sd senses \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.391.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axnitʔołkoy \cf aqnitʔołkoy \ce to be situated with the head cocked (listening); to listen \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axniwašəši \ps v \ge indifferent, be \de to be indifferent \mr ?[] \xv 1. kaxniwašəši \xe 'I am indifferent' ; 'I do not care what happens.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.392.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axnixułtsʔəyə \cf aqnixułtsʔəyə \ce to be sick in the stomach \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axpak \ps v \ge stingy, be \de to be stingy \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaxpak \pde to be stingy.NZ \xv 1. tsaxpak \xe 'he is stingy.' \xv 2. ʔalaxpak \xe 'stingy person.' \xv 3. wašəʔəʔətš lokaxʔanwa, kʔuwe musʔił ʔałkuwiłpi kiwa ʔałniwonla kahe ʔalaxpak \xe 'she was a good looking woman, but her beauty did not become her for she was lazy and stingy.' \xv 4. no ʔan kaxpak soʔo \xe 'I am stingy with water.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd emotions \sd academics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.973.1; 89.392.2-392.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axpəy \ps v \ge sour, be \de to be sour \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaxpəy \pde to be sour.NZ \sy axnipkʔəš \xv 1. tsaxpəy \xe 'it is sour.' \xv 2. ʔalaxpəy \xe 'smth sour.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd senses \sd descriptions \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.395.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axsayay \ps v \ge ?perform a certain type of magic with stones \de ?to perform a certain type of magic with stones \cf ʔalaxsayay \ce quartz (as used in shamanistic rituals) \sd verbs \sd mythology \sd religion \sd culture \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.164.4, 395.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axsayaya \cf ʔalaxsayay \ce quartz (as used in shamanistic rituals) \sd variations \dt 27/Apr/2011 \lx axsəʔəʔəw \ps v \ge dry, be.REDUP \de to be dry.REDUP \cf axsəw \ce to be dry \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axsəw \rd axaxsəw \rd axsəʔəʔəw \ps v \ge dry, be \de to be dry \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaxsəw \pde to be dry.NZ \cf apaxsəw \ce to dry by heat \cf sapaxsəw \ce to dry smth with heat \cf saxsəw \ce to make dry \xv 1. kayusaxsəw \xe 'now the flower is about to dry' (it is withering). \xv 2. sinawa saxsəw lokaspuyhu \xe 'when the dew is dry.' \xv 3. pakeʔet šaʔatʔaxatš ʔan munasaxsəw \xe 'one [bather] is not yet dry.' \xv 4. tsaxsəw lokaʔatoli (Ϟor tsaxsəwit lokaʔatoli) \xe 'the atole makes me dry.' \xv 5. tsaxsəw hesikʔək, musʔił kuxtšʔək \xe 'my mouth is dry, there is no saliva.' \xv 6. tsaxsəw hesikʔelew \xe 'my tongue is dry.' \xv 7. neʔesaxsəw (Ϟor neʔesaxaxsəw) lokakʔuwmu \xe 'my food is drying up.' \xv 8. kawašəʔəʔətš saxsəw yəlaʔa lokoʔo \xe 'and it was so, all the springs dried up.' \xv 9. hesimuwu šaʔalaxsəw siqasqas \xe 'the dry sand of the beach.' \xv 10. losaʔalaxsəw šimišup \xe 'dry land.' \xv 11. neʔesaxsəw sikišnuxš \xe 'my mucous is like dry pokers in my nose.' \xv 12. ʔalaxsəw \xe 'something dry.' \xv 13. neʔekayusaxsəw heʔišolop \xe 'this mud is drying.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.395.3-398.3; Travels34 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axsił \a axšil \va (axšil-) \ps v \ge bite \de to bite \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv axšiłtšaši \pde to bite.REFL.CPLV \cf ʔaxsił \ce bite \cf ʔaxšilaʔaš \ce fangs \cf saxsił \ce to cause to bite; to catch \cf šaxšiʔiłtš \ce to fish (from anywhere) \cf šaxšilaʔaš \ce fishhook \xv 1. kʰan simušaxšiłtšaši \xe 'it doesn't bite itself.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxsił \xe 'I bite.' \xv 3. tsaxšił sixšap \xe 'a rattlesnake bit him.' \xv 4. tšiyaxšiłtšaši \xe 'they bite each other.' \xv 5. tsxmatata lokašaxšilutš \xe 'it is bumpy where it bit him.' \xv 6. tsiteqpey, musaxił lasteqpey \xe 'they stick on, it does not bite, it just sticks on.' \xv 7. hukʰšaxšiʔiłtš səʔəwə̀k \xe 'I am going to fish mojarra.' \xv 8. tsaxsił səʔəwə̀k \xe 'a mojarra bit' ; 'I had a bite.' \xv 9. lokaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔan latšə ʔisiaxsiłwuʔu \xe 'the men catch the fish all the time.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.398.4-400.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx axsis \ps v \ge eat dry powder \de to eat dry powder \mr [] \xv 1. hukaxsis \xe 'I am going to eat pinole dry' (taking a handful of the dry toasted meal and put in my mouth). \xv 2. hukaxsis \xe 'I am going to eat dry powder.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.400.4-401.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axskumu \cf axškumu \ce to be lost; to be stray \sd variations \dt 27/Apr/2011 \lx axskʔəy \rd axaxskʔəy \ps v \ge creak (as a tree makes) \de to creak (as a tree makes) \cf šutaxšəkʔə \ce to frighten; to scare suddenly \cf utaxšəkʔə \ce to be frightened; to be startled; to start \xv 1. lokašiwontštəʔəš kaʔanatʔamam ʔan tseqpeyus lokasaxaxskʔəy kapon̓, tsuweqpeyus šaʔałmiš \xe 'the raccoon's sound resembles the squeeking of a tree, resembles crying.' \sd plants \sd language \sd verbs \rf 89.401.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axspaqʔaq \ps v \ge scattered, be \de to be scattered \mr [] \cf saxspaqʔaq \ce to scatter smth \xv 1. tšiyaxspaqʔaq \xe 'the stones are scattered, are not in any regular arrangement.' \sd verbs \sd position \sd stative \lg JPH; JPH \rf 89.401.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axsuhuyuk \cf axsuyuhuk \ce to be refreshed \sd variations \dt 21/Feb/2011 \lx axsus \ps vt \ge desire \de to desire \xv 1. no ʔan kaxsusus sixəp \xe 'I desire a stone.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxsususwu sixəp \xe 'I desire two stones.' \xv 3. tsaxsusit \xe 'he desires me.' \xv 4. mupaxsusus lokašʰatiwə hałʔatʔaxatš kałkaneʔeʔe kasʔap \xe 'you shall not desire your neighbor's wife.' \xv 5. mupaxsususwu lokahinhinaʔaš siyʔałmukapʰin \xe ' do not desire things belonging to others.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.402.3-403.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axsuyuhuk \a axsuhuyuk \va (axsuhuyuk) \ps v \ge refreshed, be \de to be refreshed \xv 1. neʔekaxsuhuyuk \xe (the heat of a hot day passes from my body) 'I feel cool and fresh again' (by staying a while in the shade, not working so hard, a wind springing up, etc.). \xv 2. neʔekaxsuyuhuk \xe 'I am refreshed.' \sd stative \sd senses \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.402.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axšə \ps v \ge ?guard \ge ?keep \de ?to guard; ?to keep \cf ʔaxšəyəšmu \ce larder; keep \cf axšəyəʔəš \ce ?to store smth \xv 1. ʔaxšəyəšmu \xe 'place where they guard/keep provisions.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.402.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axšəš \ps v \ge call \de to call \gn llamar \dn llamar \cf tə \ce I. name II. to be called; to be called by name; to name \xv 1. no ʔan kaxšəš \xe 'I call him.' \xv 2. hukaxšəš lokakʔaliwə \xe 'I am going to call my brother.' \xv 3. hukiyaxšəš lokakiyʔaliwə \xe 'we are going to call our brother.' \xv 4. lokaʔəqəy ʔan tšaxšəšwu lokaštałtałhəʔəw \xe 'the hen calls her chicks to her.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.402.4-406.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axšəyəʔəš \ps v \ge ?store smth \de ?to store smth \mr ?[] \cf ʔaxšəyəšmu \ce larder; keep \cf axšə \ce ?to guard; ?to keep \xv 1. kašnikʔoliní loʔkašʔaxšəyəšmu ki šaxšəyəʔəš loʔkastsux \xe 'and he returned to his larder, and he stored his headdress.' \sd verbs \sd places \lg TJPH \rf Roadrunner112/69.1092.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx axšikuy \ps v \ge go to a traditional fiesta \de to go to a traditional fiesta \mr [] \cf ikuy \ce to roast in embers \xv 1. ʔiyʔalaxšikuy \xe 'they went to the fiesta' ; 'they are going to one of the big fiestas such as the Indians here used to have.' \xv 2. hukiyaxšikuy \xe 'let's go to a fiesta.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd culture \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.165.4, 405.4-406.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axšikuyo \cf aqšikuyo \ce to order smn to do smth \sd variations \dt 03/Aug/2018 \lx axšił \cf axsił \ce to bite \sd variations \dt 10/Jan/2012 \lx axšinałnaʔał \ps v \ge wander \de to wander \ee This is said of how one without a home would do. \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. no ʔan kaxšinałnaʔał \xe 'he wanders around aimlessly like a tramp.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.406.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axšinapi \cf axšin̓api \ce container \sd variations \dt 10/Jan/2012 \lx axšin̓api \a axšinapi \ps n \ge container \de container \xv 1. ka salaqwaʔày kaʔloʔkaswałnəhə́ kaʔloʔkašaxšin̓api ka šow \xe 'he adjusted both his firesticks and his tobacco tubes.' \xv 2. lokaʔaxšínapi ʔan tšiqipš \xe 'the trunk is full.' \sd household \lg TJPH \rf 89.79.1; Travels58 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx axškumu \a axskumu \va (axskumu) \ps v \ge lost, be \ge stray, be \de to be lost; to be stray \mr [] \cf ʔalaxškumu \ce land snail species \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \xv 1. lokaštəʔəniwaš ʔan tšaxskumu \xe 'the dog got lost.' \xv 2. tsaxskumu hesʔištəʔəniwaš \xe 'this dog strays.' \xv 3. pyikus hałhuspełwe lokaʔalaxtskumu \xe 'thou shalt give a sleeping place to the wanderer.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd stative \sd motion \rf 89.406.4-407.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axštuš \ps v \ge graze \de to graze \ee It is unclear how this verb differs from ͽaxštušaš. \cf axštušaš \ce to graze; to eat grass \xv 1. no ʔan hukaxštušaš \xe 'I am going to eat grass.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukaxštuš hešitaštaʔaš \xe 'I am going to eat this hay.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.407.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx axštušaš \ps v \ge graze \ge eat grass \de to graze; to eat grass \ee It is unclear how this verb differs from ͽaxštuš. \cf axštuš \ce to graze \xv 1. tšaxštušaš \xe '[the horse] is eating grass.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukaxštušaš \xe 'I am going to eat grass.' \xv 3. no ʔan hukaxštuš hešitaštaʔaš \xe 'I am going to eat this hay.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 89.407.3 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx axta- \hm 1 \ps vpre \ge quickly \ge INSTR.quickly \de quickly \ee Harrington notes that this prefix shows quick motion. Glossed as INSTR.quickly. \cf ʔalaxtaqimayə \ce prairie dog \cf axtałhəwli \ce to move quickly across the slope of a hill \cf axtałpinli \ce to run along the ocean shore \cf axtapət \ce to set foot on \cf axtaqimayə \ce to set out in the evening \cf axtawasə \ce to think of; to reflect on \cf axtawašətš \ce to be the truth \cf axtaxʔuyi \ce to come to after a faint \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 84.5.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axta- \hm 2 \ps vpre \cf aqta- \ce by air; through the air \sd variations \dt 28/Jun/2018 \lx axtaʔak \ps v \ge roast on top of coals (as was done to certain shellfish) \de to roast on top of coals (as was done to certain shellfish) \sy šipšəł \cf ʔaxtakəš \ce smth roasted on top of coals \xv 1. kaxtaʔak sitʔo \xe 'I roast mussels on top of coals.' \sd food \sd heat \sd verbs \sd manner \sd shellfish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.408.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtałhəwli \ps v \ge move quickly across the slope of a hill \de to move quickly across the slope of a hill \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv axtałhəwlintiʔiy \pde to move quickly across the slope of a hill.CIS \cf ałhəwli \ce to move across a slope \cf wayałhəwli \ce to move across a slope slowly \xv 1. tsaxtałhəwli \xe 'he goes across the slope of a hill.' \sd motion \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.409.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axtałpinli \ps v \ge run along the ocean shore \ge along the ocean shore, run \de to run along the ocean shore \mr [] \cf ałpinli \ce to go along the beach/shore \xv 1. kaxtałpinli \xe 'I went along all the shore of the sea running.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd ocean \sd locations \sd path \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.410.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axtanikʔoyi \ps v \ge revive \ge come to after a faint \de to revive; to come to after a faint \mr [] \sy axtaxʔuyi \cf ixmay \ce to cause to faint \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \xv 1. no ʔan hukaxtanikʔoyi \xe 'I came to myself after a faint.' \xv 2. kʰkinanikʔoyi \xe 'I died and was dead for several hours and came to myself again.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.410.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axtapa \ps v \ge eat raw \de to eat raw \mr [] \xv 1. lakaxtapa \xe 'I ate it raw.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.410.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axtapət \ps v \ge set foot on \de to set foot on \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \xv 1. kanayusaxtapət ʔiti šaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'it is the first time that they set foot on the soil of this land.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.411.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtaqimayə \ps v \ge set out in the evening \de to set out in the evening \mr [] \ee May be a variant of aqtaqimayə ‘to be dusk; ?to go out at dusk.’ \cf ʔalaxtaqimayə \ce prairie dog \cf aqtaqimayə \ce to be dusk; ?to go out at dusk \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \xv 1. hukaxtaqimayə \xe 'I am going to go out in the evening' (not night). \xv 2. no ʔan kaxtaqimayə \xe 'I go out in the evening.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.408.3-409.1 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx axtatʔa \ps v \ge bite on (without biting into) \de to bite on (without biting into) \mr [] \xv 1. kaxtatʔa \xe 'I bite all along my handkerchief.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.411.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axtawaq \mr [] \cf extełhew \ce wind (kind) \se I \ps n \ge north wind \de north wind \xv 1. kaaxtawaq \xe 'the north wind.' \se II \ps v \ge north wind blowing, be the \ge wind blowing, be the north \de to be the north wind blowing \xv 1. tsaxtawaq \xe 'the north wind is blowing' (down the avenue). \sd verbs \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 89.412.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axtawasə \ps v \ge think of \ge reflect on \de to think of; to reflect on \mr [] \cf axtawašətš \ce to be the truth \xv 1. kaxtawasə \xe 'I reflect on something.' \xv 2. kasiyaxtawasə yəlaʔa loʔkałʔiyaqtiqisə ʔan ʔalixwáp \xe 'and they thought of all those who came to see who was burned.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.1102.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtawašətš \ps v \ge truth, be the \de to be the truth \mr [] \cf ʔałtšaxtawašətš \ce true one \cf saxtawasə \ce to speak the truth \cf wašətš \ce to be good; to be pretty; to be well \xv 1. no ʔan ksaxtawasə \xe 'I speak the truth.' \xv 2. lokakoko kaʔałtsaxtawašətš \xe 'the true father.' \xv 3. lokapałhaš ʔan tšaxtawašətš \xe 'what you said is true.' \xv 4. ʔalaxtawašətš \xe 'the truth.' \xv 5. tšaxtawašətš ʔan malawa \xe 'the truths which are eight (in number).' \sd stative \sd emotions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.413.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axtawaya \a axtawayà \ps v \ge breeze, be in the \ge float in the breeze \de to be in the breeze; to float in the breeze \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. kaxtawaya \xe 'I go flying' ; 'I go in the air.' \xv 2. tsaxtawaya \xe 'it flies or floats in the air.' \xv 3. kəwə tsaxtawaya \xe 'for there is a breeze there' ; 'it is fresh with air moving.' \xv 4. ʔiti ʔan tsaxtawaya \xe 'here it is fresh.' \sd meteorology \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.411.4-412.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtaxʔuyi \ps v \ge come to after a faint \de to come to after a faint \mr [] \sy axtanikʔoyi \cf ixmay \ce to cause to faint \xv 1. no ʔan hukaxtaxʔuyi (Ϟor no ʔan hukaxtanikʔoyi) \xe 'I came to after fainting.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.411.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axtəʔəp \ps v \ge poke \ge stoke \ge build a fire \de to poke; to stoke; to build a fire \xv 1. hukaxtəʔəp sipon̓ \xe 'I stoke a piece of wood.' \xv 2. lakʰan ʔisʔəhə saʔaxunpes ʔan hukiyaxtəʔəp hemaʔam, hukisitowitš kikaypi kimuhusitapi \xe 'when there are lots of mosquitoes they build a fire indoors and make a smoke so that they won’t enter.' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 89.414.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtəməmə \ps n \ge buzz \de to buzz \ee This word can be used of a bee or fly. \mr [] \cf ʔaxtəməmənəʔəš \ce bullroarer \cf saxtəməmənəʔəš \ce bullroarer; buzzer \cf saxtəməmənətš \ce to make buzz \xv 1. no ʔan kaxtəməmə \xe 'I buzz.' \xv 2. tsaxtəməmə \xe 'he makes a buzzing sound' (with a bullroarer or something similar). \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.414.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axti- \cf aqti-1 \ce by drawing up; by absorption \sd variations \dt 01/Apr/2018 \lx axtisisi \ps v \ge suffer \de to suffer \mr [] \xv 1. latšə ʔisʔaxtisisi, mutštšum ʔišpoš \xe 'he is always suffering; he is sad.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.415.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtitš \ps v \ge diet \ge eat certain things and not others \de to diet; to eat certain things and not others \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan kaxtitš \xe 'I eat some things and others I do not' ; 'I am on a diet of food, cohabition, etc.' \xv 2. kaxtitš \xe 'I have a diet.' \xv 3. kəpə hešiʔišaw ʔan hukaxtitš \xe 'today I am going to diet.' \sd food \sd body \sd verbs \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.415.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtʔaʔatš \ps v \ge make a din \ge din, make a \de to make a din \ee This is said of a group of people or a flock of birds. \mr [] \xv 1. tšamaxtʔaʔatš \xe 'they are all making a din together.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.416.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axtšaqnitšum \ps v \ge resemble smth delicious \de to resemble smth delicious \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. kiyʔuwʔuw šitšotšonəʔəš ʔan kqisə ʔan tsʔił ʔisʰin tskonin, kikamukʔuwliloniʔiy kilokatsʔotsʔohoʔoy ʔan tsiyaxtšaqnitšum \xe 'we were eating fish and I noticed there were worms in them and I didn’t eat any more, but the other people ate them as a delicious thing.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.416.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axtšʔeq \ps v \ge slice with one's teeth \de to slice with one's teeth \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce to crack; to split \xv 1. hukaxtšʔeq \xe 'I am going to slice it with my teeth.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.415.4; 92.165.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axukitwo \ps v \ge cast out earth (as the gopher does) \de to cast out earth (as the gopher does) \ee Harrington notes that this verb may be said of the action of a gopher. \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. tsaxukitwo soʔoxwo ʔišupšuʔup \xe 'the gopher is casting out earth.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.730.3; 92.166.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axukumu \ps v \ge round/full (said of the moon only), be \ge full/round (said of the moon only), be \de to be round/full (said of the moon only) \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \cf saxukumu \ce to do with moderation; to do with measure \xv 1. tsaxukumu \xe 'the moon is round' ; 'the moon is full.' \xv 2. tsaxukumu saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is full.' \xv 3. nee saxukumu saʔawhay \xe 'the moon is full' (literally, 'round'). \sd verbs \sd astronomy \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd shape \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.167.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axukuyuw̓ \ps v \ge take hold of with one’s right hand \de to take hold of with one’s right hand \mr [] \sy tałkuyuw̓ \cf kuyuw̓ \ce to be (on the) right \xv 1. kaxukuyuw̓ \xe 'I take hold of it with my right hand.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.166.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axułkuy \ps v \ge deep, be \de to be deep \ee Harrington notes that this word cannot be said of water being deep. However, based on textual material, this cannot be correct. Harrington also notes that this can be used to indicate 'deep' in the sense of something 'profound.' \sy yəwəš2 \xv 1. tsisukitʰwonwu loʔkaqowotš loʔkaʔo kaʔalaxułkuy kitsiyiwayətwu loʔkaʔalušʔexš kaʔo \xe 'the Indians drove the fishes from the deep water to the shallow water.' \xv 2. tsaxułkuy \xe 'it is deep.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd water \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.419.4-420.1; WeirA1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axunimay \cf axʔunimay \ce to deceive; to fool; to cheat \sd variations \dt 01/Apr/2018 \lx axupay \cf axʔupay \ce to cast earth into a pile outside a (gopher) hole \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axutsʔu \ps v \ge envy \de to envy \sy axʔutu \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaxutsʔu \pde to envy.NZ \cf ʔałʔalaxutsʔu \ce envious one; one who envies \xv 1. kaxutsʔu lokašʰatiwə \xe 'I envy his wife.' \xv 2. kʔalaxutsʔu \xe 'I am envious.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.146.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axwaš \ps v \ge eat whole \de to eat whole \xv 1. tšamoxtokokš kinupan tšamaxwaš \xe 'they toast them and then eat them' (said of eating popped corn). \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.173.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axwayi \ps v \ge gluttonous, be \de to be gluttonous \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaxwayi \pde glutton \xv 1. ʔalaxwayi \xe 'glutton.' \xv 2. kałwašətš suʔamnišaqša lokaʔalaxwayi \xe 'it is a good plan to kill the gluttonous woman.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd senses \sd emotions \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.172.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axwi \ps vt \ge covered, be \de to be covered \cf ʔalaxwi \ce bed blanket \cf ʔalaxwimu \ce where blankets are kept \cf ʔaxwi \ce (daytime) clothes; chamois leather \cf alaxwitš \ce to cover with a blanket \cf alaxwitšaš \ce to cover oneself with a blanket \cf axwitš \ce to wear clothes; to be covered with a blanket (not in bed) \cf axwitšaš \ce to be dressed; to dress oneself \cf saxwi \ce to clothe \xv 1. hukaxwitšaš \xe 'I am going to dress myself.' \xv 2. wašətš ʔisʔaxʔaxwiʔi \xe 'he is dressed finely.' \xv 3. huksaxwinus hesiqunup \xe 'I am going to put the bed clothes over this child.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH \rf 89.168.1-2; 90.59.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axwiʔił \ps v \ge come only so far \de to come only so far \mr [] \cf axwilutš \ce to have reached so far \cf naxwiʔił \ce to suffice only so much \xv 1. lokalaxwiłpiʔi \xe 'the extent to which it reached.' \xv 2. (kay) ʔiti kasaxwiʔił \xe 'and not this side towards me it reaches as far as here.' \xv 3. hukʰketšʔeq kaʔiti kayusaxwiʔił \xe 'I am going to split it, as far as here only' (pointing). \xv 4. kayiti kasaxwiʔił siyʔikmen kasułkuw \xe 'the tide came up as far as this last night pointing to spot on beach.' \xv 5. lo kalaxwiłpiʔi \xe (my measuring rod or tap) 'reached as far as that place there.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.176.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axwilutš \ps v \ge reached to so far, have \ge have reached so far \de to have reached so far \mr [] \cf axwiʔił \ce to come only so far \xv 1. kayiti kašaxwilutš \xe 'it reached as far as here.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.177.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axwititi \a axwititin \va (axwititin-) \ps v \ge throw a stick of wood \de to throw a stick of wood \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv axwititinpi \pde to throw a stick of wood.APL.LOC \cf ʔaxwititinaʔaš \ce throwing stick \xv 1. kaxwititi \xe 'I throw a stick of wood through the air.' \xv 2. hukaxwititi \xe 'I am going to throw a stick or a long thing.' \xv 3. no ʔan kaxwititinpi sipon̓ \xe 'I threw at it with a stick.' \xv 4. hukaxwititinpi hesipon̓ \xe 'I am going to throw with this stick.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.177.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axwitš \ps v \ge covered with a blanket (not in bed), be \ge wear clothes \de to wear clothes; to be covered with a blanket (not in bed) \mr [] \cf alaxwitš \ce to cover with a blanket \cf axwi \ce to be covered \cf axwitšaš \ce to be dressed; to dress oneself \xv 1. hukaxwitšaš \xe 'I am going to put my clothes on.' \xv 2. hukaxwitšaš sikpantalon \xe 'I am going to put on my pants.' \xv 3. no ʔan kaxwitš \xe 'I am covered over with a blanket.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukaxwitš sifresada \xe 'I am going to put a blanket over me.' \xv 5. tšaxwitš lokaskoton kikasxus \xe 'he put on the shirt and became a bear.' \xv 6. kaxwitš ʔiškom̓ sipʰilisala no ʔan ktiwałtu \xe 'I put two blankets over my shoulders, one over the other.' \xv 7. tšaxwitšaʔaš \xe 'she is putting her clothes on.' \xv 8. hukaxwitšaʔaš \xe 'I am going to get dressed.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.178.2-179.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axwitšaš \ps v \ge dressed, be \ge dress oneself \de to be dressed; to dress oneself \mr [] \cf axwi \ce to be covered \cf axwitš \ce to wear clothes; to be covered with a blanket (not in bed) \xv 1. hukaxwitšaš \xe 'I am going to dress myself' (said by a naked man putting on his clothes). \xv 2. hukaxwitšaš sikpantalon \xe 'I am going to put on my pants.' \xv 3. šaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tšaxwitšaš \xe 'the man is dressed.' \xv 4. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tsxenti \xe 'this man is nude.' \xv 5. kikakaxwitšaš kikakuxmanstəqš kikaknaʔał, kuniyəw lokakʔamiwu \xe 'I dressed (put on my clothes in the morning), I washed my face, I looked for my friend.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd clothes \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.168.2; 92.179.2-180.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -axwuy- \ps vroot \ge wake up \de wake up \cf alaxwuy \ce to wake up at night (early morning) \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx axyam \ps v \ge descend quickly \de to descend quickly \ee Note obligatory use of directional or cislocative. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv axyamli \pde to descend quickly.DIR \pdl v \pdv axyamtiʔiy \pde to descend quickly.CIS \cf wayiyam \ce to descend slowly \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kaxyam \xe 'I ran downhill.' \xv 2. kaxyamli \xe 'I came downhill.' \xv 3. tsaxyamli \xe 'he runs down (away from the speaker).' \xv 4. tsaxyamtiʔiy \xe 'the wagon comes rolling along the road fast towards where I am.' \xv 5. tsaxyamli \xe 'the wagon goes rolling down the road from where I am standing.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.379.3-380.3 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx axyik \ps v \ge feed \de to feed \mr [] \sy suʔuwlilo \cf yik \ce to give \xv 1. hukaxyikus sipan \xe 'I give you [sic.] bread.' \xv 2. tsiyaxyikus sułʔuw \xe 'they feed it.' \xv 3. kʰan tsinawa saxyikus \xe 'when she gave it something to eat.' \xv 4. kaxyikus saʔałtʔoloq \xe 'I gave the hungry one something to eat.' \xv 5. axyikuw losikawayu ! \xe 'give the horse some hay!' \xv 6. paxyikus lokaʔałtʔoloq \xe 'thou shalt give food to the hungry.' \xv 7. hukaxyikus lokakʰqo siʔałhaputš \xe 'I am going to give my dog some meat.' \xv 8. latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw tsisaxyikuʔus sułʔuw, latšə ʔisiliklikʔe maʔam lokasinaymu kaʔixpanəš \xe 'every day they gave her food, she remaining continually inside the acorn grainary.' \sd food \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.380.4-382.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axʔəhəʔəʔən \ps v \ge glut \ge consume inordinately \de to glut; to consume inordinately \mr [] \cf ʔəhə \ce to be many; to be much \xv 1. kikasaqmił ʔan tsaxʔəhəʔəʔən \xe 'she drank of it inordinately.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.356.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx axʔu- \ps vpre \ge INSTR.marginally \ge with marginally enough effort \ge marginally enough effort, with \de with marginally enough effort \ee This is used of a situation carried out with marginally enough effort. Glossed as INSTR.marginally. \cf ʔałʔalaxʔutu \ce envious one; one who envies \cf ʔaxʔupayəš \ce pile of earth outside a (gopher) hole \cf axʔukaw̓ \ce to take with the left hand \cf axʔunimay \ce to deceive; to fool; to cheat \cf axʔupay \ce to cast earth into a pile outside a (gopher) hole \cf axʔuqisə \ce to attend to \cf axʔutinaʔał \ce to walk feebly \cf axʔutitapi \ce to barely get in \cf ?axʔutu \ce to envy \cf axʔuwəł \ce to shoot without much effort; to spit without much effort \cf tipaxʔunimaš \ce to be a deceiver; to be a professional cheater \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axʔukaw̓ \ps v \ge take with the left hand \de to take with the left hand \mr [] \cf kaw̓ \ce I. left (direction) II. to be left (direction) \xv 1. kaxʔukaw̓ \xe 'I am doing something else with my left hand.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxukaw̓ \xe 'I take hold of it with my left hand.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.416.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axʔunimay \rd axaxʔunimay \a axʔunima \a axunimay \a axunimày \va (axunimay, axʔunima-) \ps v \ge deceive \ge fool \ge cheat \de to deceive; to fool; to cheat \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf nimay \ce to put out fire \cf tipaxʔunimaš \ce to be a deceiver; to be a professional cheater \xv 1. tspeʔey heʔišup loʔkakiʔałhašəʔə̀š pakeʔet supnehet ʔan mupaxunimaš \xe 'our language is a flower, a thing you are going to do, that you do not deceive.' \xv 2. mupsuyaxunimày hałšəʔəł \xe 'do not deceive a poor person.' \xv 3. tsaxaxʔunimayit \xe 'he is cheating me' (in a money deal). \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.985.1; Travels136 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx axʔupay \a axupay \ps v \ge cast earth into a pile outside a (gopher) hole \de to cast earth into a pile outside a (gopher) hole \ee This verb may be used of other animals, but seems to have been used especially of the gopher. \mr [] \cf ʔaxʔupayəš \ce pile of earth outside a (gopher) hole \xv 1. tsaxʔupay soʔoxwo \xe 'the gopher throws out a pile of earth outside his hole.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.169.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axʔuqisə \ps v \ge attend to \de to attend to \mr [] \sy nuqisə \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \sd senses \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.168.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axʔutinaʔał \ps v \ge walk feebly \de to walk feebly \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf tinaʔał \ce to be stubborn; to be stalwart \xv 1. kaxʔutinaʔał \xe 'I can just barely walk along' (like feeble person). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.170.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axʔutitapi \ps v \ge barely get in \de to barely get in \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \cf titap \ce to chase away \xv 1. tsiyaxʔutitapi \xe 'they entered but very uncomfortably' ; 'they got in but barely entered' ; 'they could hardly get in.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.170.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axʔutu \ps v \ge envy \de to envy \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv axʔututšaš \pde to envy.REFL \sy axutsʔu \cf ʔałʔalaxʔutu \ce envious one; one who envies \xv 1. tšišaxʔututšaš \xe 'they two envy each other.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxʔutunus \xe 'I envy him.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.171.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axʔuwəł \ps v \ge shoot without much effort \de to shoot without much effort; to spit without much effort \mr [] \cf wəł \ce to shoot \xv 1. kaxʔuwəł \xe 'I am chewing pespibata and I shoot' OR 'I am meditating and I shoot.' \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ayahumahuma \ps n \ge hazy day \ge day, hazy \de hazy day \ee May begin with a glottal stop. \sd meteorology \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 79.27.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx eʔqe \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ehehe \rd ʔehʔehehe \ps v \ge whinny \de to whinny \ee Cannot be said of laughing. \xv 1. tsehehe \xe 'he whinnies.' \xv 2. tsʰetsʰe \xe 'he snorts or sneezes.' \xv 3. hesikʰkawayu ʔan tsʔehʔehehe \xe 'my horse is whinnying.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 92.343.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ehetš \ps v \ge pull off \de to pull off \ee Posible relationship to ͽehetš 'to pull off.' \xv 1. tšušmaxyət loʔkašwaštʔuyaš kʔuwe mušehetš \xe 'she pulled her fishline but he could not [get] it [off].' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf Daughter35 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ekweł \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \sd variations \dt 15/Jan/2012 \lx ekwelešpi \cf eqwelešpi \ce to make on; to make at \sd variations \dt 01/Apr/2018 \lx el- \cf al- \ce stative verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 12/Nov/2011 \lx eleʔex \a elex \va (elex-) \ps v \ge side by side, be \ge stand side by side \de to be side by side; to stand side by side \cf selex \ce to put side by side \xv 1. kiyeleʔex \xe 'we are side by side.' \xv 2. tsiyeleʔex \xe 'they are side by side.' \xv 3. siyeleʔex \xe 'the 3+ (dancers) are in a line side by side.' \xv 4. tšišeleʔex \xe 'they two are side by side.' \sd verbs \sd position \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.505.4-6; 90.531.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx eleqpeyus \ps v \ge taste like \de to taste like \mr [] \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \xv 1. musʔił hałtšotšonəʔəš hałʔaleleqpeyus lokakorvina kəwə tšaqnitšum ʔisʔamə \xe 'there is no fish better tasting than the corvina.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.506.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx elew \ps v \ge slice \ge cut into slices \de to slice; to cut into slices \xv 1. kelew \xe 'I cut (meat/bread with a knife).' \xv 2. kʔəwə \xe 'I cut a person with a knife' (as the cholos do). \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.510.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -ełhew- \ps vroot \ge go down \ge descend \de go down; descend \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI elew ‘to descend; to come down; to go down,’ INZ elew ‘to go down; to descend,’ OBI -ełhe- in num(ʼ)ełhe ‘to go down; to get down’ (Whistler 1980: 8; SYBCI 2007: 113; Klar 19—a: 26) \cf eqtełhew \ce to blow from the __ \cf extełhew \ce wind (kind) \cf sunełhew \ce to carry on one's back \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ełkʔewli \ps v \ge go along the edge of \de to go along the edge of \mr [] \xv 1. lokamula ʔan wašətš ʔisełkʔewli lokašə \xe 'the mule is good for going along the brink of a precipice.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.511.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ełtete \ps n \ge dead mother \ge mother, dead \de dead mother \ee It is interesting to note that this word does not contain the suffix ͽ-iwaš, which is typically found marking entities which are defunct, deceased, worthless, etc. \mr ?[] \cf tete \ce mother; mom \xv 1. lokakełtete \xe 'my dead mother.' \xv 2. lokapełtete \xe 'your dead mother.' \sd kinship \sd lifecycle \rf 3.88.24.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ełtse \cf ʔełtse \ce to wrap up; to wind upon \sd variations \dt 07/May/2011 \lx ełtšenitš \ps v \ge have string wrapped around \ge string wrapped around, have \de to have string wrapped around \xv 1. tšiyełtšenitš \xe 'they are wrapped around and around with string.' \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 82.42.1 \dt 28/Dec/2018 \lx ełxe \a elxe \va (elxe) \ps v \ge go to all \ge all, go to \de to go to all \cf šełxe \ce to be extinct \cf šušełxe \ce to exterminate \cf ušełxenwu \ce to vanquish \xv 1. tsełxe hesaʔapʔaʔap \xe 'she went to all the houses.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 89.512.1 \dt 19/Jul/2018 \lx -ełyep- \ps vroot \ge move along \de move along \cf ełyepli \ce to go straight along \cf xilełyep \ce to track (with one’s eyes); to watch smn go \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ełyepli \ps v \ge go straight along \ge straight along, go \de to go straight along \mr [] \cf xilełyep \ce to track (with one’s eyes); to watch smn go \xv lahukełyepli lomiluk \xe '[I] go by the cliff.' \xv 2. loełyepli miluk ! \xe 'go along the cliff base!' \xv 3. laʔiti ełyepli ! \xe 'go along here!' (motioning a straight track with my hand). \sd verbs \sd path \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.517.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx emetšeš \cf ʔemetšeš \ce soldier; warrior; war \sd variations \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx enhes \a enheš \va (enheš-) \ps n \ge breath \ge spirit \ge pulse \de breath; spirit; pulse \et *-haS \ec Compare BOI ʼahaš, ahašiš ‘heart; ghost; spirit,’ INZ ahaš ‘soul,’ OBI tʸełha ‘soul’ (Klar 1977: 73) \cf ʔenhešeš \ce spirit (of the dead); soul \cf aktenhesi \ce to blow (through the nose) \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \cf enhespi \ce to breathe on \cf šenhešitš \ce to pant \cf utenhes \ce to breathe in sharply; to take a quick breath \cf watenhes \ce to pass by without stopping \xv 1. kenhes \xe 'my breath.' \xv 2. hesikenhes \xe 'my pulse' (idiom). \xv 3. kayuskitwo hesikenhes \xe 'my soul will leave my body.' \xv 4. hušnaʔał ʔalałpay ʔisenhes \xe 'his spirit will go to heaven.' \xv 5. tsenhes heʔišup \xe 'breath of the world, wind' (lit., ‘it blows of the world’). \sd body \sd anatomy \sd religion \sd mythology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.19.2; 89.516.3-517.2; 90.118.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx enhespi \ps v \ge breathe on \de to breathe on \mr [] \cf enhes \ce breath; spirit; pulse \xv 1. tsenhespi \xe 'he breathed on me.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa hesitaktaktəʔəš ʔan tšiqałkənəʔət xesu kristo kisiyenhespi, kilakəkš lokamula kałmuštiyət, tšipipšoš kismaqutinaʔał \xe 'all the animals got in a circle around Jesus Christ and they breathed upon him, but the mule alone did not draw near, he was puffing or snorting and he went away.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.518.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx enheš- \cf enhes \ce breath; spirit; pulse \sd variations \dt 15/Jan/2012 \lx epxetš \ps v \ge exhausted with crying , be \de to be exhausted with crying \xv 1. tšepxetš \xe 'he is exhausted with crying.' \xv 2. no ʔan kepxetš \xe 'I have exhausted myself with crying.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg TJPH \rf 88.16.3 \dt 21/Sep/2018 \lx eq- \cf aq-1 \ce with the mouth \sd variations \dt 31/May/2011 \lx eqe \a eʔqe \ps v \ge be in/come into existence \ge come into/be in existence \ge existence, be in/come into \ge born, be \de to be in/come into existence; to be born \ee As Harrington notes, this verb cannot be used with the first person (singular) (pronouns) he does not state if this rule applies to all first person pronouns or only to the singular form. Thus, keqe is said not to be a word. However, as can be seen in example 2, Harrington lists this as a valid example. It is possible Harrington meant that this verb cannot be used by the first person denoting anything but past time. This is understandable, but still does not explain the clear contridiction in saying that ͽkeqe is not a word and then listing it as such. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaleqe \pde to be in/come into existence.NZ; to be born.NZ \pdl v \pdv eqentiʔiy \pde to be in/come into existence.CIS; to be born.CIS \cf aliyeqe \ce to be mouth/face up \cf aliyexexe \ce to be on one's back \cf aputiseqe \ce to be removed by water \cf aqtaliyexexe \ce to fall over of one’s own accord \cf aqułtšeqʔetš \ce to remove bad from good; to repent of bad living \cf eqen \ce to be removed \cf eqenutš \ce to be birthed \cf eqseqenli \ce to direct smth to smwh \cf exneqenpi \ce to attend to one’s business; to respect; to have devotion to \cf exseqe \ce to bite off \cf keseqe \ce to cut smth off; to cut out \cf mexseqe \ce to shove along \cf niseqe \ce to pinch off \cf saliyexexe \ce to put face up \cf saquteqenpi \ce to deal with smth \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \cf seqenli \ce to remove smth/smn to \cf suteqe \ce to move further from oneself \cf ?suweleqe \ce to move smth/smn to one side \cf šeqetš \ce to take off one’s clothes \cf teqe \ce to be further from oneself \cf tipeqe \ce to leave (a course of discussion); to leave others alone \cf tsʔequts \ce smth removed from the body \cf tšapexʔenutš \ce embers \cf wateqe \ce to rub the skin off by means of a blow \cf watiseqe \ce to pull out quickly \xv 1. tseqe siqunup \xe 'the child (in general) is born.' \xv 2. no ʔan keqe \xe 'I was born.' \xv 3. nełtseqe lyos? \xe 'where is God?' \xv 4. kikə ʔan kiyʔaleqe \xe 'we are born.' \xv 5. nełtseqe lokakatu ? \xe 'where is the cat?' \xv 6. nełtseqe lokapʰintštəʔəniwaš ? \xe 'where is your dog?' \xv 7. kahuséqe situhuy \xe 'it will stop raining.' \xv 8. kinupan tseqe santa maría virgen \xe 'and was born of the Virgin Mary.' \xv 9. hesikawayu sałʔiyeqe loʔišup ʔan tšutišihitš ʔisitoy̓ \xe 'horses born in the mountains have hard hoofs.' \xv 10. nelusiyeqe lokasiyenhes hešiwašwašətš kanawa tšiyaqša heʔišiʔamamə? \xe 'where will all the spirits of the good go to when their bodies die?' \xv 11. hesupaleqenpi ? \xe 'where you are going to go?' \xv 12. kšuwaškumeł lasikałtsuyeqenpi \xe 'I steer where I want to.' \xv 13. kqisə sikalu ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawaq hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon and therefore will not take you.' \lg JPH; TJPH \sd verbs \sd common \sd lifecycle \rf 89.481.2-4; 90.481.2-3;92.344.2-346.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx eqen \ps v \ge removed, be \de to be removed \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv eqenli \pde to be removed.DIR \pdl v \pdv eqentiʔiy \pde to be removed.CIS \cf aqułtšeqʔetš \ce to remove bad from good; to repent of bad living \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqenutš \ce to be birthed \cf eqenwaš \ce footprint; track \cf eqseqenli \ce to direct smth to smwh \cf exneqenpi \ce to attend to one’s business; to respect; to have devotion to \cf seqenli \ce to remove smth/smn to \cf tipeqe \ce to leave (a course of discussion); to leave others alone \cf tšapexʔenutš \ce embers \xv 1. hukʔipapʔa hesikʔəł kihuseqenit hesikʔolotəš \xe 'I am going to slap my leg to remove the swollenness.' \xv 2. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \xv 3. yəlaʔa lokapenew ʔan tsiyuxni hesiyeqenli miluk lokašə \xe 'all the seals uproot to the foot of the cliff .' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.485.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx eqenmun \cf ʔeqenmuʔun \ce to put on flat-heeled sandals \sd variations \dt 07/May/2011 \lx eqenutš \ps v \ge birthed, be \de to be birthed \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqen \ce to be removed \xv 1. ʔan kaseqenutš \xe 'it was born.' \xv 2. mitsqanaqan̓ kakeqenutš \xe 'it’s Ventura where I was born.' \xv 3. kašeqenutš maría antonia, kasisilyu, kasiʔišʔałʔišʔon̓, ʔan tšišaqša \xe 'there were born to María Antonia and Cecilio the twins that died.' \xv 4. lokamamawaš ʔan lawaʔaʔay ʔišeqenutš munasʔił hałšukepeš \xe 'my grandmother was born long ago when there were not any baptized yet.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd common \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.488.2-489.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx eqenwaš \ps n \ge footprint \ge track \de footprint; track \gn rastro \dn rastro \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqen \ce to be removed \xv 1. sikeqenwaš \xe 'my footprints.' \xv 2. hesikeqenwaš \xe 'my footprint.' \xv 3. tsʔił ʔišeqenwaš \xe 'its track is slobbery.' \xv 4. ʔiseqenwaš ʔan tseqpeyus ʔisʔəł siqunup \xe 'its track is pike the footprint of a child.' \xv 5. ʔəhə šeʔeqenwaš sikaleta hemaliyaš \xe 'there are a lot of wagonruts in this road.' \sd body \sd animals \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.489.2-450.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx eqeqmelew \ps v \ge lap.REDUP \ge lick.REDUP \de to lap.REDUP; to lick.REDUP \cf eqmelew \ce to lap; to lick \sd reduplications \dt 31/May/2011 \lx eqeqweł \a eqeqwel \ps v \ge make.REDUP \ge do.REDUP \de make.REDUP; do.REDUP \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \sd reduplications \dt 08/Apr/2018 \lx eqlemlemš \ph ɛqʰlɛmlɛmʃ \ps v \ge radiant-beautiful, be \de to be radiant-beautiful; to be resplendent \gn ¿que hay? \dn ¿que hay? \ee Harrington notes that this is a saying. It was quite common; one man would say it and another would answer with the same word. One of Harrington’s speakers never knew what the word meant. In a coyote story, Coyote says this as a comment to the Daughter of Eagle; the word is translated as "beautiful and radiant one." However, a consultant noted that the word pragmatically meant something like 'what's up? (‘¿que hay?’) \xv 1. kasʔip a tšeqʰlemlemš \xe '...and he said "beautiful and raidant one..." ' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd exclamations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.489.3; Daughter9 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx eqmelew \a eqʰmelew \rd eqeqmelew \ps v \ge lap \ge lick \de to lap; to lick \cf ʔałʔaleqmelewš \ce panderer; kiss-ass \cf ʔelew \ce tongue \xv 1. tseqmelewił \xe 'he lapped you.' \xv 2. hukeqmelewił \xe 'I am going to lap you.' \xv 3. lahukušʰo kuhuseqmelew \xe 'I am going to let the cow lap the calf.' \xv 4. tseqeqmelew lokaštałhəw \xe 'the cow is lapping her calf.' \xv 5. hukeqmelew sitili \xe 'I am going to lick a vagina' (joke they used to say). \sd verbs \sd animals \sd body \sd language \sd idioms \lg JPH \rf 89.450.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx eqnekenpi \ps v \ge keep \ge preserve \de to keep; to preserve \xv 1. ʔalałpay, kihusikʔumiyi latšə, hušiyʔiwəʔəš lyos, kəwə tsiyeqnekenpi lokašašʰunatš lyos \xe 'to Heaven to enjoy God forever, because they kept His holy commandments.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.451.2, 490.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx eqpešeš \ps v \ge alike, be \de to be alike \mr [] \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \xv 1. tšiyeqpešeš \xe 'they are equal or completely alike.' \sd stative \sd senses \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.492.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx eqpey \ps v \ge resemble \ge like, be \ge look like \de to resemble; to be like; to look like \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaleqpey \pde to resemble.NZ; to be like.NZ; to look like.NZ \cf axneqpey \ce to resemble (in smell) \cf eleqpeyus \ce to taste like \cf eqpešeš \ce to be alike \cf kʔiteqpeyus \ce to resemble somewhat \cf maxsuleqpey \ce to lead by rope \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf seqpey \ce to contaminate smn; to pass on disease to smn \cf uleqpeneš \ce to go in file \cf uleqpey \ce to follow behind/after \cf uyeqpey \ce to imitate \xv 1. qeqpeyus [sic., keqpeyus] \xe 'I resemble him.' \xv 2. xwan ʔan ʔaleqpeyus lokasʔami \xe 'Juan resembles his older brother.' \xv 3. ʔiseqenwaš ʔan tseqpeyus ʔisʔəł siqunup \xe 'its track is like the footprint of a child.' \xv 4. kwašhu lokaʔatʔaxatš, kwašhu lokaʔatʔaxatš, tsʔił sikʔamiwu \xe 'I mistook the man, I have a friend whom he looks much like.' \xv 5. pakeʔet ʔiswop roberto káles kaskoko. roberto kales ʔan ʔamerikanu ʔipakəwaš, xosé ʔan tseqpeyus lokaskoko, muʔułyi, qnowowo, kʰan tšnehet lokaskoko \xe 'there was one of his sons, [?of whom] Roberto Cales [was] the father. Roberto Cales [was] an old American man, Jose followed after his father, he was not tall, he was short, and therefore just as his father.' \sd senses \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.490.3-492.2 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx eqpʔe \cf ʔeqpʔe \ce patella; kneepan \sd variations \dt 15/Jan/2012 \lx eqseqenli \ps v \ge direct smth to smwh \de to direct smth to smwh \mr [] \sy seqenli \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqen \ce to be removed \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \xv 1. keqseqenli ʔalałpay \xe 'I drive (sheep) giving them a direction towards up on top of the hill.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.493.4; 92.355.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx eqte- \ps vpre \cf aqta- \ce by air; through the air \sd variations \dt 15/Jan/2012 \lx eqtelew \ps v \ge stick out one’s tongue \ge tongue, stick out one’s \de to stick out one's tongue \ee Harrington notes, 'keqtelewus, I stuck out my tongue at him,' but also notes that ͽtsʰukitwonit ͽʔisʔelew, 'he stuck out his tongue at me' is understandable while ͽtseqtelewit would not be. This form was archaic at the time Harrington recorded it. \mr [] \cf ʔelew \ce tongue \cf eqtšelewutš \ce to stick out one's tongue \cf šeqtšelewutš \ce to make smn stick out his/her tongue \sd archaisms \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.494.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx eqtełhew \ph ɛqʰtɛɬhɛw \ps v \ge blow from the __ \de to blow from the __ \ee Speaker could not remember the direction of the wind indicated by this verb. \mr [] \xv 1. tseqʰtełhew \xe 'the wind is blowing from the __ .' \sd verbs \sd elements \sd nature \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.494.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx eqtepexe \ps v \ge blown away, be \de to be blown away \mr [] \cf exe \ce to finish (food); to finish up (food) \cf neqtepexe \ce to blow away \xv 1. tšneqtepexetš \xe 'it blew them away.' \xv 2. hesipapeł ʔan tseqtepexe \xe 'this paper was blown away.' \xv 3. lokaʔaqtəwəwə ʔan tšneqtepexe sipapeł \xe 'the wind blew this paper away.' \sd verbs \sd elements \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.494.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx eqtete \ps v \ge taste \de to taste \mr [] \sy aqsumu \xv 1. hukeqtete hesitip \xe 'I am going to taste of this salt.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd senses \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.495.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx eqtewesmes \ps v \ge blown over to another area, be \de to be blown over to another area \mr [] \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf wesmes \ce to be traversed \xv 1. tseqtewesmes \xe 'it was [blown] over and across to another place.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.495.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx eqtšelewutš \ps v \ge stick out one's tongue \ge tongue, stick out one's \de to stick out one's tongue \mr [] \cf ʔelew \ce tongue \cf eqtelew \ce to stick out one's tongue \cf šeqtšelewutš \ce to make smn stick out his/her tongue \xv 1. keqtšelewutš \xe 'I stick out my tongue.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.495.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx eqweł \rd eqeqweł \a ekweł \a eqʰwel \a eqʰweł \a eqhweł \a eqwèł \a eqwel \va (ekweł, eqwel) \ph ˈɛqwɛɬ \et ɕ \ec Comapre BOI ʼeqwel ‘to make; to do,’ CRZ ʼaqwel ‘to make; to do,’ INZ ʼeqwel ‘to make; to do,’ OBI ʼaqmanu ‘to make; to do,’ PUY ʼeqwe ‘to make’ (Klar 1977: 41; Harrington 1986: 3.6.19.2) \ps v \ge make \ge do \de to make; to do \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaleqweł \pde to make.NZ; to do.NZ \pdl v \pdv eqwełpi \pde to make.APL.LOC; to do.APL.LOC \pdl v \pdv eqwełtšaši \pde to make.REFL.CPLV; to do.REFL.CPLV \cf ʔałʔaleqweł \ce maker \cf ʔeqweleš \ce work; labor; fruit \cf eqwelešpi \ce to make on; to make at \cf keeqweł \ce to cut \cf nineqweł \ce to mold (with the hands); to shape (with the hands) \cf tiwałeqwełtšeši \ce to feign that one is smth; to make like one is smth; to make believe \cf weeqweł \ce to make by chops; to make by blows \xv 1. hukeqweł \xe 'I am going to do it.' \xv 2. keqwelus ʔiswał \xe 'I made a hole in it.' \xv 3. hukekmeł sipinole \xe 'I am going to make a pinole cake.' \xv 4. hukeqweł ʔištekmeł \xe 'I am going to make a clot of pinole.' \xv 5. kaseqweł lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'it was because of the man that he died.' \xv 6. museqwelus hałtsʔap \xe 'he didn't make it any cage.' \xv 7. ʔiyeqweł lupiyaleqweł! \xe 'do the woman what you do with the woman!' \xv 8. eqweł lokapalaqniyəwus \xe 'Thy will be done.' \xv 9. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan neʔesxəp \xe 'the man turned into stone.' \xv 10. eqwelit lokamoləš kahupapinit \xe 'fix the medicine for cauterizing me.' \xv 11. kilokasmitəpə ʔan tseqwelus ʔisʔiqip \xe 'and he makes a door for its mouth.' \xv 12. nipeqwełwaš hałʔatəšwənəš? \xe 'you were doing witchcraft?' \xv 13. lokaʔaleqweł ʔalałpay kaʔitimišup \xe 'Creator of heaven and earth.' \xv 14. tseqeqweł sikuhkuʔu losiqasqas \xe 'the man is modeling figures of people in the sand.' \xv 15. huksukʔuyətus sukeqweł hesilamesa \xe 'I am going to make this table very well.' \xv 16. kanawa šeqwełtšaši šaʔatʔaxatš kakitənus hesukilistu \xe 'when He was made Himself man, and they called Him Jesus Christ.' \xv 17. latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw ʔisameqeqwelus kʔuwe lapakeʔet sałnetpi \xe 'every day they kept treating her the same way.' \xv 18. pi ʔan mukapeqweł kikalaxsumu, kʔuwe tsʔił šikalušiʔik pikapeqweł \xe 'you have not caused my suffering, but I have suffered much because of you.' \xv 19. loʔismaʔam santa malya munašulišwaš hałʔatʔaxatš, tseqweł lokaʔenhešeš \xe 'in the Virgin Mary, still virgen, conceived by the Holy Spirit.' \xv 20. lokaʔaxunpes ʔan tsʰuwakʔaywu lokaštum hesoʔo kasiyeqwełtšəši ʔiskontskoniʔin \xe 'the ?flies lay their eggs on the surface of the water and the eggs turn into worms.' \xv 21. hukeqwełpi \xe 'I am going to make one on smth.' \xv 22. hukeqwełpiwu \xe 'I am going to make them in various places.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.495.4-504.1; Daughter52 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx eqweleš \cf ʔeqweleš \ce work; labor; fruit \sd variations \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx eqwelešpi \a ekwelešpi \va (ekwelešpi) \ps v \ge make on \ge make at \de to make on; to make at \mr [] \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \xv 1. tšameqwelešpi \xe 'the make it on or at.' \xv 2. hukeqwełpi \xe 'I am going to make one on _____.' \xv 3. hukeqwełpiwu \xe 'I am going to make them in various places. \xv 4. hukeqwelešpi hesilamesa \xe 'I am going to make them on the table.' \xv 5. saʔałkuʔyət ʔan tsamekwelešpi tsamsunuwus ʔišunay \xe 'they make the pretty one with šunay.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.503.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx esʔex \ps v \ge make thin strips of fish for salting \ge strips of fish for salting, make thin \ge fish for salting, make thin strips of \de to make thin strips of fish for salting \cf kesʔex \ce to cut in thin slices \cf kesʔexeš \ce thin slice; smth thinly sliced \xv 1. kesʔex \xe 'I make thin strips of fish to salt.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd animals \sd fish \lg JPH \rf 89.530.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx -eš \cf -Vš \ce resultative suffix \sd variations \dt 31/May/2011 \lx etetš \cf ʔetʔetš \ce to wear a necklace \sd variations \dt 09/Sep/2011 \lx ex- \hm 1 \ps v \ge having to do with teeth \ge INSTR.teeth \de having to do with teeth \ee This may be an allomorph of the prefix ͽaq-1 ‘with the mouth.’ Glossed as INSTR.teeth. \cf aq-1 \ce with the mouth \cf exlew \ce to bite; to take a bite of \cf exnekʔey \ce to gnaw at; to nip at \cf exseqe \ce to bite off \cf exwewek \ce to tear with the teeth \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ex- \hm 2 \cf aq-2 \ce formative verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 31/May/2011 \lx exe \a exé \ps v \ge finish (food) \ge finish up (food) \de to finish (food); to finish up (food) \cf eqtepexe \ce to be blown away \cf exetšiʔiy \ce to finish eating \cf neqtepexe \ce to blow away \cf susexe \ce to get rid of \xv 1. pexe \xe 'finish it' ; 'eat it all up clean.' \xv 2. hukexe \xe 'I am going to eat it all up.' \xv 3. tsamexe \xe 'they ate it all up.' \xv 4. lašinunašəši ʔisiyʔuwlilo, kilašiyušʰo hesiplatu musiyexe \xe 'the people are eating their meal like so many animals, they leave it on their places, they do not eat it up clean.' \xv 5. kanawa sexe lokalaqnitšum kikawa swalakumuʔus sitsʔohoy ʔispeʔey \xe 'when it sucks all the honey out of one it goes to another flower.' \xv 6. tšamexetšiʔi \xe 'they finished eating' (though they left food on their plates). \xv 7. kasexe ki sustsəm̓ə salaqwaʔày \xe 'when he had finished eating it he buried [what remained] — nicely buried.' \sd food \sd common \sd body \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.523.4-524.4; Travels22 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx exetšiʔiy \a extšiʔì \ps v \ge finish eating \ge eating, finish \de to finish eating \ee Food may be or is still left over using this verb. \mr [] \cf exe \ce to finish (food); to finish up (food) \xv 1. tšamexetšiʔiy \xe 'they finished eating' [even though they left food on their plates]. \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.525.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx exlele \ps v \ge cry out \de to cry out \et ɕ \ec Compare exlelen ‘to cry out; to shout.’ INZ exlelen ‘to cry out; to shout’ (Whistler 1980: 8; SYBCI 2007: 118) \ee May be a variant of ͽaxlele ‘to squeak.’ \mr [] \xv 1. tsexlelè loʔkaqonòn \xe 'the mouse cries out.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd animals \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.888.2 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx exlew \ps v \ge bite \ge take a bite of \de to bite; to take a bite of \mr [] \cf lew \ce to break away in increments \xv 1. kexlew sipan \xe 'I take a bite of anything.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.525.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx exnekey \cf exnekʔey \ce to gnaw at; to nip at \sd variations \dt 16/Jan/2012 \lx exnekʔey \a exnekey \ps v \ge gnaw at \ge nip at \de to gnaw at; to nip at \mr [] \pd \pdl n \pdv ʔalexnekey \pde to gnaw at.NZ; to nip at.NZ \xv 1. hesipon̓ ʔan tsiyexnekʔey lokaskonin \xe 'this wood the worms are gnawing or eating' (assuming the worms have teeth). \xv 2. ʔalexnekey \xe 'he is biting the surface of a thing as a horse does just biting the skin of another horse.' \xv 3. tsexnekey \xe 'the dog is biting the bone without biting into it.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.525.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx exneqenpi \a exneqenpì \ps v \ge attend to one's business \ge business, attend to one's \ge respect \ge have devotion to \ge devotion to, have \de to attend to one’s business; to respect; to have devotion to \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqen \ce to be removed \xv 1. no ʔan kexneqenpi \xe 'I attend to my business.' \xv 2. tsiyexneqenpi \xe 'they put faith in.' \xv 3. kexneqenpi dios \xe 'I have faith in God.' \xv 4. tsiyitpen lokałʔiyexneqenpi \xe 'they remembered their obligations to them.' \xv 5. tsiyexneqenpi lokašiyuštu \xe 'they are devoted to their work.' \xv 6. exneqenpi hekapkoko kahekaptete \xe 'respect thy father and thy mother.' \xv 7. lokakanaʔaʔay kałmasəx ʔan tsiyexneqenpi lyos kilokałyitimasəx ʔan tsiyuskuyus lokałwašətš ʔisilikʔe lokapʔaliwə \xe 'the first three pertain to the honor of God, and the other seven to the benefit of your fellow man.' \sd verbs \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.526.1-527.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx expelepkʔes \ps v \ge burst by standing on \ge standing on, burst by \de to burst by standing on \mr [] \cf pkʔes \ce to burst open; to open from the inside out \xv 1. kexpelepkʔes \xe 'I burst it by standing on it [and giving it the weight of my body].' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.527.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx expen \ps vt \ge sing (to) \de to sing (to) \ee Note that there are no forms ͽexpe or ͽexpen, or ͽʔexpeneš and ͽʔexpenaš. This verb is transitive and must have a pronominal suffix. \mr [] \sy nəw \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalexpenus \pde to sing (to).NZ \cf ʔałʔalexpetš \ce singer for the dancers \cf ʔalexpetš \ce singer \cf expetš \ce to sing (for dancers) \xv 1. hukexpenus \xe 'I am goint to sing him a song.' \xv 2. hukexpenił \xe 'I am going to sing to you.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.528.1; Daughter104 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx expetš \ps v \ge sing (for dancers) \de to sing (for dancers) \ee However, singers for Indian dancers were called ʔiʔiałʔałnəw. Means about the same as ʔiʔałʔalexpetš. \mr [] \sy nəw \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalexpetš \pde to sing (for dancers).NZ \cf ʔalexpetš \ce singer \cf expen \ce to sing (to) \xv 1. hukexpetš \xe 'I am going to sing.' \xv 2. ʔalexpetš \xe 'he is a singer.' \xv 3. no ʔan kexpetš \xe 'I sing as accompaniment for a dance.' \xv 4. ʔalexpenus \xe 'he is going to sing to him.' \xv 5. kexpetš \xe 'I sing' (and don’t know why; just careless). \sd verbs \sd language \sd culture \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.147.3, 492.4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx exseqe \ps v \ge bite off \de to bite off \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \xv 1. kilakʰan sałwalisukumuʔus ʔan tsexseqenus ʔišlewutš \xe 'when they get near to the cattle they bite a piece of meat off.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.528.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx extełhew \ps n \ge wind (kind) \de wind (kind) \ee Harrington’s consultant was uncertain what wind this word specified. The cognate form in Barbareño, ͽextelew, means ‘north wind to blow’ (Whistler 1980: 9), but there is a separate Ventureño form with this meaning: ͽaqtawaq ‘to be the north wind blowing; north wind’ \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI extelew ‘north wind to blow,’ INZ extelelew ‘wind to blow from the north,’ ROS ʼextelew ‘north wind’ (Whistler 1980: 9; SYBCI 2007: 119; Beeler & Klar 1977: 65) \mr [] \cf axtawaq \ce I. north wind II. to be the north wind blowing \sd elements \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.528.3-529.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx exwepʔe \ps v \ge cry out \ge whistle \de to cry out; to whistle \mr [] \xv 1. tsamexwepʔe \xe 'they cry out.' \xv 2. lokakʰwitš tsexwepʔè kiyəlaʔa tsmutaxmakʰ \xe 'when the hawk whistles, all stop stupefied.' \sd language \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.22.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx exwewek \rd exwewewek \ps v \ge tear with the teeth \ge teeth, tear with the \de to tear with the teeth \mr [] \cf wewek \ce to have a tear; to be torn \xv 1. kexwewek \xe 'I break off one piece with my teeth.' \xv 2. tsexwewek \xe 'he makes one piece with his teeth.' \xv 3. tsexwewewek sipapeł lokayum \xe 'the rat tears the paper up into tiny shreds or pieces with the teeth.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd food \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.529.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx exwewewek \cf exwewek \ce to tear with the teeth \sd variations \dt 16/Jan/2012 \lx əhə \cf ʔəhə \ce to be many; to be much \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx əhəʔən \a əhəʔə̀n \ps v \ge too much, be \ge be too much \ge much, be too \de to be too much \cf ʔałsapəhəʔən \ce one who makes bursts of light; glowworm \cf apəhəʔən \ce to burn; to be on fire \cf əhəy \ce to be older; to be grown up \cf sapəhəʔən \ce to make a big flash of light \cf səhəʔəʔən \ce to take many/much \xv 1. lašəhəʔən ʔišʰutiyək hekasplatu \xe 'he puts too much food on his plate.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.544.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx əhəy \ps v \ge older, be \ge grown up, be \de to be older; to be grown up \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼɨhɨy ‘much, many,’ INZ ʼɨhɨy, ‘to be long/tall’ (Whistler 1980: 12; SYBCI 2007: 164) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaləhəy \pde to be older.NZ; to be grown up.NZ \cf ʔaləhəy \ce to be grown up; to become adult \cf əhəʔən \ce to be too much \cf ləhəy \ce to grow \cf tanaʔaləhəy \ce bigger one; older one \xv 1. kaʔaləhəy sikišʰin \xe 'he is older than I.' \xv 2. kaʔaləhəy sipišʰin \xe 'he is older than you.' \xv 3. kaqunup sikišʰin \xe 'he is younger than I.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd lifecycle \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.544.4-545.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx əmə \cf ʔəmə \ce to be mute \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -əš \cf -Vš \ce resultative suffix \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -ətš \cf -Vtš \ce property verbalizing suffix \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx əwə- \cf ʔəwə- \ce negative irrealis verb prefix \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx fisga \ps n \ge slingshot \de slingshot \gn fisga [fizga] \dn fisga [fizga] \ee Note that this word in Spanish most commonly refers to a two pronged trident or similar device used for fishing. \mr [] \xv 1. tsalisuwaya lokasfisga \xe 'he raises his slingshot.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \lg TJPH \rf 89.209.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx fosforo \ps n \ge match \de match \mr [] \xv 1. axakšit fósforo \xe 'give me a match.' \sd tools \sd heat \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 90.175.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx franses \ps n \ge French (people) \de French (people) \mr [] \xv 1. lokafranses ʔan tšiyitšʔemetšešwu lokaʔaleman \xe 'the French are enemies of the Germans.' \sd people \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH \rf 91.511.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -h \ps suf \ge nominalizing suffix \de nominalizing suffix \ee This appears to function synchronically as a type of relectual nominalizing suffix. However, it may simply be a historical remnant of noun classifier, which would explain why the suffix is not found on all nouns. The suffix usually only survives in suffixed or reduplicated forms of a root. Glossed as NZ.I. \xv 1. tšiqipš ʔiti ʔi šup siʰkuhkuʔu \xe 'this world is full of people.' \sd suffixes \sd nsuffixes \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ha- \ps pre \de -meaning uncertain- \ee This is possibly a typographical error meant to represent ͽhal . \xv 1. ʔašnəm huptšoho hapšuqonəšpiyit \xe 'then you will cease to make fun of me.' \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \rf Glutton123 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx haʔa \ph hɑˈˀɑ \a há \va (há) \ps excl \ge a-ha! \de a-ha! \ee Exclamation of surprise. \sd exclamations \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Travels73 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx haa \ps excl \ge aha! \de aha! \ee An exclamation similar in meaning to "ah yes!" \xv 1. haa musʔił ʔiti ʔišup kin tšaqwin šəpəšiwaš \xe 'aha! there is no other in the world [but] Coyote alone.' \sd phrases \sd exclamations \lg TJPH \rf Travels30 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx haha \ph ˈhɑhɑ \a hahà \ps excl \ge hey! \de hey! \ee An exclamation of gladness. \sd exclamations \lg JPH \rf 69.951.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx haku \a hakù \ps excl \ge greetings! \ge what's up? \ge hello! \de greetings!; what's up?; hello! \gn ¿que hay? \dn ¿que hay? \ee An informal Chumash greeting. \et *haku \ec Compare BOI haku ‘hello (greeting),’ INZ haku ‘hello (greeting),’ OBI hatʸu ‘hello (greeting)’, PUY haku ‘hello (greeting)’ (Klar 1977: 92) \xv 1. haku kʔaliwə \xe 'how are you brother?' \xv 2. hákù hákù, lahupwašwašətš \xe 'hello, helllo, are you well?' \sd exclamations \sd manners \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.558.2, 559.4; Travels84 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx hal- \a hał- \va (hał-) \ps pre \ge NZ.IRR \ge irrealis nominalizer \de irrealis nominalizer \ee This prefix indicates something that might be. Seems to have a variant ͽł- ‘irrealis nominalizer.’ Glossed as NZ.IRR. \mr [] \xv 1. ʔalasʔił hałʔapʔapwaʔaš ʔan neʔesixmenxmen lokasiyilikʔenutš kakukuʔu \xe 'maybe there were some old houses fallen down where people had lived.' \xv 2. ʔan tšnuxiliwəłtš kəwə musʔił hałtsʔaxwi \xe 'she felt ashamed because she was naked.' \xv 3. ʔapi nitšiyutʔuxš hałtšaqšanutš sikawayu \xe 'to see if they can smell the dead horse.' \xv 4. ʔasku ʔałxilałtə hałtsʰya \xe 'somebody would see, would come down to the beach.' \xv 5. ʔasku lokałmasəx kakuhkuʔu hałʔatʔaxatš \xe 'which of the three Persons is man?' \xv 6. ʔašnəm huputʔaʔaw hałwə ? \xe 'when are you going to hunt deer?' \xn 'cuando vas ir á cazar venados?' \xv 7. ʔašulišił hałʔałʔelekʔetš \xe 'lest the ͽʔałhelekʔetš will get you.' \xv 8. ʔəhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kaʔiskawkawayuʔu kimusʔił hałʔaluqtiyəw \xe 'he had a lot of cattle and horses and lacked nothing.' \xv 9. ʔəhə ʔišup; ʔipštewe hałtšup (Ϟor łtšup) \xe 'many years; how many years?' \xn 'cuantos años.' \xv 10. ʔipštewe hałʔawhay̓ (Ϟor łʔawhaʔy) \xe 'how many months?' \xn cuantos meses? \xv 11. ʔulakʰin hałkatu \xe 'I would rather have a cat.' \xv 12. ʔula muʔəhə hałtsʔixip, ʔan ʔəwəlasməkənli hałtšpelonušaʔaš \xe 'if he did not earn a lot he would not go so far to shear.' \xv 13. ʔulamusʔił hałʔasukał ʔan əwəsamaqmił site \xe 'if it were not for the sugar, nobody would drink tea.' \xn 'si no fuera por el azucar, no tomarían te.' \xv 14. axakšit fósforo ! \xe 'give me a match!' \xv 15. axakšit hałpʰnə ! \xe 'give me fire!' \xv 16. heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan ʔałtšʔošoy musʔił hałtšwaqšik \xe 'the dog is pure black all over.' \xv 17. hesixʔanwa ʔan hałtsqałtsutiłmu \xe 'this woman doesn’t have any underskirts.' \xv 18. hałnawa šaqša, ʔan pitiyepit \xe 'when he dies, tell me.' \xn 'cuando se muera, avisame.' \xv 19. hesixʔanwa ʔan munašulišwaš hałʔatʔaxatš \xe 'this girl has never had any man' (this is the way to say she is a virgin). \xv 20. no ʔan musiyʔuwit hałtštep, payikʔula ʔəhə hałtštep lokaxayanəš ʔan musiyʔuwit \xe 'fleas don’t bite me, no matter how fleay the bed is they don’t bite me.' \xv 21. neʔešiyušʰowunwaš lokašiyʔapʰanəšmuʔu yəlaʔa hesikuhkuʔu kineʔemusʔił hałku hešaʔapʔapʰanəšmuʔu \xe 'they had left their villages, there were no people.' \xv 22. hesiyʔiyʔałnuna ʔiti ʔan musiyʔuw hałtuq, kilokaʔiyʔałnuna sonora ʔan tsiyawəy kisiyʔuw \xe 'the Indians here didn’t eat grasshoppers but the natives of Sonora roasted grasshoppers and ate them.' \xv 23. huki hałptaktə ? \xe 'what did you kill when hunting?' \xv 24. huki hałptałhəw ? \xe what sex did you give birth to? \xv 25. huki hałštałhəw ? \xe 'what did she give birth to?' \xv 26. hukuliʔiš hešiknuxš, kimuhukyutʔuxš hałwaxanəš \xe 'I am going to hold my nose (because of the bad smell) so I won’t smell the feces.' \xv 27. hupnaʔał hałtsʔap lokapʔaqtšummu \xe 'go to the house of your loved one.' \xn 'vas par la casa de aquella que te gusta muncho.' \xv 28. ikšit hałtšlewutš hałtspəy ! \xe 'give me a piece of ice!' \xv 29. ikšit hałtšlewutš losipan ! \xe 'give me a piece of bread!' \xv 30. kamušuštəł hałʔo \xe 'and she didn’t find any water.' \xv 31. kanawa musʔił hałʔaoxonišpi \xe 'when there is nothing to be afraid of.' \xv 32. kanawa skitwo lokaxʔanwa ʔan tšnuxiliwəłtš kəwə musʔił hałtsʔaxwi \xe 'when the woman had gotten out of the water she felt ashamed because she was naked.' \xv 33. kasʔip, "ʔiyiwałtə̀ (Ϟor ʔisukitwo) ʔiyikuw ! hałtšnaləʔəš, musamsuhuki ʔitì" \xe 'and Eagle said, "get him out of here and give him the direction like he deserves! they don’t want him here" ' (more literally, ‘they don’t appreciate him here’). \xv 34. kaštapi hesoʔo kʔuwe musʔalaqʰwaʔay hałtštapi yəlaʔa heʔisʔaʔmaʔmə \xe 'she came into the water, but she could not put her whole body (into the water).' \xv 35. kəpə ʔan neʔemuksuyasinayiʔiy hałʔeqey, tsiyʔuw siksələyət, tšiyušxaxš hekakʰintaštaʔaš, musʔił hałkaxkat kimusʔił lukałyikuswu \xe 'I am not going to keep chickens any longer, they eat my siembras and scratch up my plants and I have no swill to give them.' \xv 36. kikakʰkumli ʔan ʔəhə siku salamalitlitkʔəy ʔan neʔemuštəʔəʔən hałkušiʔik kałwašətš suknaʔał \xe 'but when I arrived there were lots of people already there waiting and my pain wasn’t very bad any more and it seemed good to me to go.' \xv 37. kipiyiqip hałʔoxšoləš ! \xe 'fill it with urine!' \xv 38. kisisaquteqenpì hałʔalalinetʰpi hesʔałqisəniyuw \xe 'they dealt with it the same as that [the sun] which was/is seen.' \xv 39. kiyʔuwʔuwlilo mukiqisə hałtsyət hukiqisə neʔeštapi, kəwə mukiyalitkʔəywaš \xe 'we were eating and did not see her enter, when we saw her she had already entered, and all the same we didn’t wait for her.' \xv 40. ksukumu hałtšʔułyinaʔaš \xe 'I measured its length.' \xv 41. kʰanpqisə hałtsalotoyi lahuki ʔan upsuyawatihin kəwə mukapʰin \xe 'when you see something tossed aside, do not pick it up because it isn’t yours.' \xv 42. laʔkʰan ʔisʔəhə ʔišluyət loʔkapon̓ ʔan tsamaqtəʔəp muštšum kałtsameqweł hałtomoł \xe 'knotty wood is no good for canoes.' \xv 43. laʔkʰan pqisə hałku ʔałkumeł ʔisenhes, ʔan weleqenuw ! \xe 'then you will see a man with a bad spirit, get rid of him!' \xv 44. lakʰan hałpsuyasukitwo \xe 'when you want to get the spider out of his hole.' \xv 45. lakʰan hałtšaqša ʔan pitiyepit kihuknaʔał \xe 'in case I die, tell me where I will go.' \xv 46. lakʰan hałtšawša ʔan pitiyepit kihuknaʔał \xe 'in case he dies, tell me so that I can go.' \xv 47. latšʔił šitšotšonəʔəš sałmuməʔək hałtsinałnaʔał \xe 'there are some fish that do not get very far before the big ones eat them.' \xv 48. loʔismaʔam santa malya munašulišwaš hałʔatʔaxatš, tseqweł lokaʔenhešeš \xe 'in the Virgin Mary, still virgin, conceived by the Holy Spirit.' \xv 49. lokaʔałhaputš ʔan payikʔula ʔəhə hałtšyaqškuwaxanpi ʔan numiš ʔisiyʔuw \xe 'they eat meat even though it is maggoty.' \xv 50. lokamamawaš ʔan lawaʔaʔay ʔišeqenutš munasʔił hałšukepeš \xe 'my grandmother was born long ago when there were not any baptized yet.' \xv 51. lokanaštəʔəʔə kqunup ʔan neʔemusʔił hałxanti, neʔeyəlaʔa šukšukepeʔeš \xe 'when I was a child there were already no more gentiles, all were baptized.' \xv 52. masəxú hałlyos? ; mə, pakeʔet silyos saʔałtsaqtawasə \xe 'are there three gods? no, one god, it is the truth.' \xv 53. muhupihin hałʔo ! \xe 'do not go to fetch any water!' \xv 54. muhusalaqwaʔay hałtšnałpiʔi hesimuwu \xe 'it will not well ride the.' \xv 55. mukpošʰotš hałkʔalaqikʔik kilatšə sikʔetsʰe \xe 'who knows what disturbs me that makes me sneeze.' \xv 56. mulašʔiłwaʔaš hałʔatʔaxatš łʔałtakʰuy tsriflé \xe 'there was not one man who had a rifle.' \xv 57. munakqišənwaš hałtsʔohoy hałʔalaxʔutʔu tšaqwin hešaʔatʔaxatš səʔəqəy \xe 'there is no other animal as envious as the rooster.' \xv 58. munakqišənwaš hałtšušušpayuswu \xe 'I have never seen him in the act of digging them out.' \xv 59. munakutiyəkwaš hałtomoł \xe 'I never rode in a canoe .' \xv 60. nełkaʔaʔan hałpkawayu ? \xe 'what is the nature of the horse?' \xv 61. nelupnetus hałhupnunaʔał ? \xe 'how are you going to carry it?' \xv 62. nipeqwełwaš hałʔatəšwənəš \xe 'you did/made spells/potions.' \xv 63. nitsʔił hałpqołnowo ? \xe 'haven’t you a hut?' \xv 64. niwašətš hałpwe ? ; hihiʔi kalinaxyəʔət \xe 'have you slept well? ; yes, all night.' \xv 65. wašətš ʔisitu, payikʔulaməʔək hałtsyət hałku ʔan tsiyitaq \xe 'the antelopes have good ears, they hear anybody coming no matter how far off .' \xv 66. yəlaʔa lokalamnikətus ʔan lašnəkəkš ʔisʔuw, musʔiʔił hałʔalaxyikus malʔiʔiʔi latsnewuts lokaliqisqisə \xe 'all that they brought her she at all herself, to none of those looking on did she feed.' \xv 67. yikuw hałwaštʔuyaš ! \xe 'give them line!' \xv 68. munakʰqisənwaš hałʔałnehét hè \xe 'I have never seen the like of this before.' \xv 69. mupałhaš hałlamusʔił \xe 'thou shalt not say anything in vain.' \xv 70. mupaxsususwu lokahinhinaʔaš siyʔałmukapʰin \xe 'do not desire things belonging to others.' \xv 71. mupšuyałhaš hałlapxuyuw ! \xe 'speak no lies!' \xv 72. mupʔip hałmuwašəʔəʔətš ! \xe 'tell no falsehood!' \xv 73. mupʔip hałmuwašəʔəʔətš kimupxuyuw ! \xe 'do not give false testimony nor lie!' \xv 74. mupsuyapət ʔasitsʔuqił hałmantaraya ! \xe 'look out lest you step on a stingray and he pierce you!' \xv 75. mupsuyaxunimày hałšəʔəł ! \xe 'do not deceive a poor person!' \xv 76. nehet tsip hałpoqwoli ? \xe 'how’s your imagination?' \xv 77. neʔešqaqš kahe neʔemusʔił hałtšʔišmekʔew̓ \xe 'she was already bald and she no longer had any eyebrows.' \xv 78. musʔił hałʔalxułtsʔəy payikʔulaštołmow ʔan numiš tsʔuw \xe 'he is not easily disgusted by food (or fussy with food), he eats any rotten stuff.' \xv 79. musʔił ʔitʔepeš, musʔił hał tsʰwey, yəlaʔa musʔił \xe 'there is no chia, there is no tarweed, there is nothing.' \xv 80. musʔił hałʔaxwi \xe 'no there are no clothes.' \xv 81. musʔił hałpon̓ \xe 'it has no trees' (said of hill). \xv 82. musʔił hałtəptəpʰə̀ \xe 'there isn’t any forest.' \xv 83. musʔił hałtšotšonəʔəš hałʔaleleqpeyus lokakorvina kəwə tšaqnitšum ʔisʔamə \xe 'there is no fish better tasting than the corvina.' \xv 84. musʔił tsʔohoy hałʔałxuyuw tšaqwin \xe 'there is no man more of a liar than he.' \xv 85. musʔiʔił hałʔalaxyikus maliʔiʔi latsnewuts lokaliqisqisə sinawa sʔuwlilo \xe 'she didn’t even give a little piece to any of the on-lookers when she ate.' \xv 86. musʔił hałʔałxułtsʔəyə payikʔulaštołmow ʔan numiš tsʔuw \xe 'he eats any rotten stuff.' \xv 87. musʔiliniʔiy hałtsʔohoy hałʔałpelonušaš \xe 'there is no other shearer better than he.' \xv 88. museqwelus hałtsʔap \xe 'he didn’t make it any cage.' \xv 89. yikuw hałwaštʔuyaš ! \xe 'give them line!' \xv 90. yəlaʔa lokalamnikətus ʔan lašnəkəkš ʔisʔuw, musʔiʔił hałʔalaxyikus malʔiʔiʔi latsnewuts lokaliqisqisə \xe 'all that they brought her she at all herself, to none of those looking on did she feed.' \xv 91. tsʰusamha payikʔula məʔək hałtsyət hałku \xe 'he hears anybody coming far off.' \xv 92. wašətš ʔisitu, payikʔulaməʔək hałtsyət hałku ʔan tsiyitaq \xe 'the antelopes have good ears, they hear anybody coming no matter how far off.' \xv 93. tsʔip, “ʔaskúkù ʔałʔałkepkeʔep hekakʰkepmu?” kiwə munašištiyepušwaš hałtskumi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'he said, “Who is bathing in my pool?” For they had not told him of the arrival of the woman.' \xv 94. tsʔip ʔalaxuwəł, “ʔikšit hałpawə́y hałʔantipšnekéy̓, ktolók.” \xe 'Coyote said, “Give me one of the lizards you are roasting, I am hungry.” ' \xv 95. tskumu saʔawhay̓ kikasʰununa simuʔił hałtšquntštutukš heʔištəq \xe 'at the end of four months she was already beginning to have no more wrinkles on her face.' \xv 96. tsikumli mitsqanaqan̓ kasila payikʔula nehałlusininuna (Ϟor nełtsininuna) lokatok \xe 'they arrived at Ventura or wherever they went to fetch it.' \xv 97. musisunuwus hałklawus, sitipəš, sisunuwus lokatok \xe 'they used to use no nails, they sewed them with hemp.' \xv 98. muwašətš hałtsʔamamə \xe 'its body is homely.' \xv 99. mušiyušʰolit hałlahukiliklikʔe \xe 'they don’t let you sit down in peace.' \xv 100. mušnałpiʔi hałxus loʔkaʔałpənə̀kʰ tšaqʰwìn loʔkaʔałtəpʰə̀ kaałʔaqʰtšum ʔišnałpiʔì loʔkaxùs \xe 'the bear does not go in there [in the clearing], it is the forest alone where the bear likes to go.' \xv 101. mušpošʰotš hałtšwalaməšʔəʔš lokasʰinpiloxoł \xe 'he does not know the weight of the beans (he raises).' \xv 102. mušʰutšoho hałtsʰalaqwaʔay heʔisquyuw \xe 'it neither knows how to compose its lies.' \xv 103. payikʔulane hałtšnałnaʔał hemišup \xe 'it goes everywhere on the ground.' \xv 104. pi ʔan palaktaxtawašə hałkʔilikʔentšteʔš \xe 'you have come to speak the truth as.' \xv 105. pyikus hałhuspełwe lokaʔalaxtskumu \xe 'thou shalt give a sleeping place to the wanderer .' \xv 106. pʰpošotš hú hałʔaleqenpi loʔkašʰaʔay tslow̓ ? \xe 'do you know the fate of the Eagle’s daughter?' \xv 107. soxwoʔo ʔan lamusʔił hałʔałnawša \xe 'he burst out crying without cause.' \xv 108. psəhəʔəʔən hałpʰin ! \xe 'take much!' \xv 109. tsalumulit ʔan tsʔipit kʰan pqisənwu hałʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš ʔan mupwatinowo ʔapitaq hałʔiyʔipʔipʰpi \xe 'my grandmother counseled me not to suddenly stand by a bunch of men to listen what they are talking about.' \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \rf Coyo Line35; Daughter37 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx halala \ps v \ge bushy-topped, be \ge entangled, be \ge bushy-haired, be \de to be bushy-topped; to be entangled; to be bushy-haired \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałhalala \pde to be bushy-topped.NZ; to be entangled.NZ \xv 1. hukʰalala \xe 'I am going to be bushy-haired.' \xv 2. hukʔałhalala \xe 'I am going to be bushy-haired.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔałhalala \xe 'I am with hair standing up' (as when one is frightened). \xv 4. ʔałhalala \xe 'he is bushy-haired' (said of a man whose hair stands on end all the time). \xv 5. tsʰalàlà \xe 'its branches are entangled' (said of coral). \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd body \lg JPH \rf 70.197; 89.558.3-559.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx hamisar \ps n \ge hamisar \de hamisar \ee This is the name of a specific herb. Word origin is Tongvan. \xv 1. tsisʰunuwus šitaštaʔaš kaštə hamisar kašiyʔałhašəʔəš siyiʔiyʔałnuna \xe 'and they used an herb called hamisar from the San Fernando language.' \sd plants \sd borrowings \sd language \sd Tongva \lg JPH \rf Glutton142 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx hamu \ps prcl \ge or \de or \xv 1. hukí ʔatʔaxatš hamu xʔanwàù ? \xe 'is it a male or a female?' (said of asking about a newborn). \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 88.423.2, 89.43; 94.204 \dt 21/Sep/2018 \lx hap \rd tsʰapʰaʔap \rd tsʰaptsʰaʔap \ps n \ge horn \ge pair of horns \ge horns, pair of \de horn; pair of horns \cf ʔałhaputš \ce head (of cattle); livestock; meat (beef) \xv 1. tsʰap \xe 'its horn.' \xv 2. loʔisʰap siwaka \xe 'the cow's two horns.' \xv 3. lokaʔiʔałʔułʔułyi ʔisʰap \xe 'long-horned cattle.' \xv 4. loʔištək ʔisʰap kasʔił ʔištəq \xe 'the snail has eyes at the tips of its antennae.' \xv 5. tšluhəʔən lokasʰap kawə, kʔuwe lokaqʰaq ʔan latšlupakeʔet, pakeʔet ʔisʰap \xe 'deer has horns with many branches but the antelope's horn grows straight without branches.' \sd animals \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 89.560.1-561.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx haw \a haw̓ \va (haw̓) \ps n \ge fox \de fox \ee This form does not seem to have cognates in BOI, CRZ, or INZ. \et ɕ \ec Compare ROS tšahawtšahaw ‘fox’ (Harrington 1986: 3.71.783.1) \xv 1. huktokšo hesihaw \xe 'I am going to skin the fox.' \xv 2. tsiyaxinaʔał sihaw \xe 'they are dancing the fox [dance].' \xv 3. tsuyeqpeyus lokahaw \xe 'he imitates the fox' (as a man would imitate a fox in a fox dance). \xv 4. tšiyoxonəšpiwu lokahaw̓ \xe 'they are afraid of the fox.' \xv 5. neʔekʰqišənwaš sihaw̓ saʔałtonowš kisitsʔotsʔohoʔoy ʔan tšišušʔutš \xe 'I have seen some foxes with their hair out and others with lots of hair.' \xv 6. ʔiti ʔan tsʔił tsihaw kaloʔisqiłmes ʔan tsʔił sihaw ʔan mukašnehet hesiʔiʔałnuna ʔiti \xe 'there is one kind of fox here and another smaller kind on the islands.' \xv 7. loʔkahaw̓ ʔan yəlàʔà heʔišeqʰweleš heʔisʔàm̓am̓ə ʔan tsyuqʰmitʔì ʔułyi loʔišteleq kinupan tšušʔútš yəlàʔà heʔitspax \xe 'the form of the body of the fox is very exquisite, and it has a long tail and hairy skin.' \xv 8. tsoxwoʔò sihaw \xe 'the fox cries.' \xv 9. haw̓ ʔi ʔałtonowš \xe 'a mangy fox.' \xv 10. tštatłhuw ʔi haw \xe 'fox pups.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd mammals \lg JPH \rf 89.562.1; 90.230.3, 291.2; 91.205.1, 356.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx hawa \rd hawhawaʔa \ps n \ge aunt (mother's sister) \de aunt (mother's sister) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI xawʼa ‘aunt (mother’s sister),’ INZ hawaʼ ‘aunt (mother’s sister),’ and OBI hamaʼ ‘aunt (mother’s sister)’ (Klar 1977: 117) \cf muk \ce aunt (father's sister); aunt (mother’s brother’s wife) \xv 1. kʰawa \xe 'my aunt.' \xv 2. kapʰhawa \xe 'your mother's sister.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 72.244.4; 90.77.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx hawhawaʔa \ps n \ge aunt (mother's sister).REDUP \de aunt (mother's sister).REDUP \cf hawa \ce aunt (mother's sister) \sd reduplications \dt 30/Nov/2010 \lx haw̓ \cf haw \ce fox \sd variations \dt 16/Jan/2012 \lx hayaya \a hayayan \va (hayayan-) \ps v \ge bloated, be \ge stomach, have a bloated \ge swollen, be \ge risen, be \de to be bloated; to have a bloated stomach; to be swollen; to be risen \ee Harrington notes that this also said of swollen rice, dough, etc. \cf ʔałhayaya \ce seasponge \cf nipswoko \ce to pain the stomach of \xv 1. tsʰayayanit \xe 'I have swollen intestines' (swollen with gas). \xv 2. tsʰayayanit (hesikmut) \xe 'I am bloated with wind in my belly.' \sd body \sd health \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.557.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx he \cf heʔ \ce proximal demonstrative; this \sd variations \dt 29/Jan/2012 \lx he- \cf heʔ- \ce proximal demonstrative prefix; this \sd variations \dt 16/Jul/2011 \lx heʔ \pl hewu \a he \va (he) \ps dem \ge DEM.PROX \ge this \ge proximal demonstrative \de proximal demonstrative; this \ee This demonstrative indicates proximity to the deictic center. Glossed as DEM.PROX. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI heʼ ‘here; this,’ INZ heʼ ‘this,’ OBI hi- ‘this’ (Klar 1977: 45) \cf heʔ- \ce proximal demonstrative prefix; this \cf hewu \ce plural proximal demonstrative; these \cf kahe \ce coordinating conjunction \cf kaye \ce this which is \cf loʔ \ce distal demonstrative; that; there \xv 1. munakʰqisənwaš hałʔałnehét hè \xe 'I have never seen the like of this before.' \xv 2. huki he ? \xe 'what is this?' \xv 3. ʔaskusʔaxhe ? \xe 'whose bow is this?' \xv 4. hukiʔaskusya he ? \xe 'whose arrow is this?' \xv 4. ʔaskusxəphe ? \xe 'whose stone is this?' \xv 5. ʔaskusxəp lo ? \xe 'whose rock is that?' \xv 6. musʔił tsʔohoy kin tšaqwin he \xe 'there is no more of this.' \xv 7. yəlaʔa he kałmušiyaqtšum siyʔiyʔałnuna kukamoŋa kikašiyišmotš šipakpakəwaš kikasitipeqenpi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'all this did not please the people and the old men held a meeting to discuss the woman.' \sd locations \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.192.4, 291.3-292.4, 562.2-563.4; Glutton27 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx heʔ- \a he- \va (he-) \ps det \ge DET.PROX \de proximal demonstrative prefix; this \ee This determiner indicates a noun is close to the deitic center. Glossed as DET.PROX. \cf heʔ \ce proximal demonstrative; this \cf loʔ- \ce distal demonstrative prefix; that; the \xv 1. tspiłpiłnowo lokatomoł losiyikikmén̓ (Ϟor hesiyikikmén̓) \xe 'the boat goes jumping along through the waves.' \sd locations \sd determiners \sd demonstratives \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx hehe \ps excl \ge aw! \de aw! \ee An exclamation of sadness. \sd exclamations \lg JPH \rf 69.951.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx helek \ps n \ge conical packbasket \ge packbasket, conical \de conical packbasket \ee This kind of basket was bigger than the ͽwatʔik. They carried the ͽhelek in a carrying net. \mr [] \cf ʔałhelekʔetš \ce woman who captures boys \cf woni \ce bucket packbasket \xv 1. hesikʰelek \xe 'my packbasket.' \xv 2. lokakʰelek \xe 'my packbasket.' \xv 3. hesipʰelek \xe 'your packbasket.' \sd basketry \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.564.4-565.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx hen- \ps pre \de -meaning uncertain- \xv 1. no ʔan musʔił kʰinlyos hentšaqwin hešiʔišaw̓ \xe 'for me there is no God other than the Sun.' \sd prefixes \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.566.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx hesukilistu \a hesus kristo \va (hesus kristo) \ps n \ge Jesus Christ \de Jesus Christ \mr [] [] \xv 1. hukaqləwə hesukilistu \xe 'I assist communion' (lit., I swallow Jesus Christ). \xv 2. kahe hesukilistu, katšaqwin ʔiswop \xe 'and Jesus Christ his only son.' \xv 3. kanawa šeqwełtšaši šaʔatʔaxatš kakitənus hesukilistu \xe 'when He was made Himself man they called Him Jesus Christ.' \xv 4. yəlaʔa hesitaktaktəʔəš ʔan tšʔiqałkənəʔət hesus kristo kisiyenhespi kilakəkš lokamula kałmuštiyət tšipipšoš kismaqutinaʔał \xe 'all the animals got in a circle around Jesus Christ who they warmed, but the mule alone did not draw near, he was puffing and snorting and he went away.' \sd religion \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 89.566.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx hesus kristo \cf hesukilistu \ce Jesus Christ \sd variations \dt 29/Jan/2012 \lx hew \ps n \ge pelican \de pelican \gn alcatraz \dn alcatraz \et *sew \ec Compare BOI xew̓ ‘pelican,’ CRZ hew ‘pelican,’ INZ hew ‘pelican,’ OBI sewene ‘pelican’ (Klar 1977: 103) \xv 1. tsenhes ʔi hew \xe 'flying fish' (literally, ‘soul of pelican’). \xv 2. lokahew ʔan tsił išmeš hemišup ʔisʔaqʰləw \xe 'the pelican has a bag under its throat.' \xv 3. tsxoyoyo kanawa tsqisə̀ lokašex kisutoqʔopʰ \xe 'it flies and when it sees a sardine it dives.' \xv 4. tsiyałpu lokašotšonəš kaałʔixoyòyò. tsisusʰamha lokahew kasiyutoqʔopʰ kamusikitʰwoniʔì \xe 'it [the pelican] goes around the school of flying fish. when they sense the pelican, they dive down and do not come out again.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd ocean \sd fish \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx hewu \sg heʔ \ps pro \ge these \ge plural proximal demonstrative \de plural proximal demonstrative; these \gn estos \dn estos \ee Harrington notes that this word is used independently. \mr [] \cf heʔ \ce proximal demonstrative; this \cf heʔ- \ce proximal demonstrative prefix; this \cf loʔwu \ce plural distal demonstrative; those \sd pronouns \sd locations \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.564.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx həʔ \a hə́ʔ \ps excl \ge oh \de oh \ee An exclamation of disappointment. \sd exclamations \sd phrases \sd particles \lg JPH \rf Travels44 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx həkwə \ps v \ge unburden oneself \ge lay down one’s load \de to unburden oneself; to lay down one’s load \cf həkwənmu \ce place to lay bundles down \xv 1. kʰəkwə \xe 'I threw down or set down my load from my back' (to rest or when I reach a destination). \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 89.567.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx həkwənmu \ps n \ge place to lay bundles down \de place to lay bundles down \mr həkwə [] \cf həkwə \ce to unburden oneself; to lay down one’s load \sd household \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.567.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx həłhəł \ph ˈhǝɬhǝɬ \ps n \ge red pigment consisting of ocher \ge ruddle \de red pigment consisting of ocher; ruddle \gn almagre \dn almagre \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼələl ‘red paint; mineral for painting bodies and other things,’ INZ ʼɨlɨl ‘red ochre; hematite’ (J. J. Justo in Harrington 1986: 3.72.329.2; SYBCI 2007: 166) \ee Used to paint bodies for dances. Fernando Librado thought that this paint did not contain mercury, which monəšmu did. \cf aqtayahəł \ce to be the color of a red snake \cf monəšmu \ce iron oxide of red \cf šətəłhəł \ce ant (large red species) \cf yahəł \ce red snake (species) \xv 1. mupaqʰtšwaw̓àtš loʔisameqweł sihəłhəł \xe 'it is not difficult for you to make paint with this ruddle.' \xv 2. nełtsʔił losihəłhəł ? \xe 'where do they get the ruddle?' (lit., where is the ruddle?). \sd colors \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 72.237.1; 81.25.4; 89.568.1-569.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx hiʔin \cf hin \ce to have \sd variations \dt 29/Jan/2012 \lx hihiʔi \a hihi \a hįhį \ph hɪ̃hɪ̃ˀɪ̥̃ \ph hɪ̃hɪ̃ˀ \va (hįhį) \ps prcl \ge yes \de yes \ee This was used in response to yes/no questions. Harrington’s speaker notes that this word was not used as much in Ventureño as ‘yes’ in English or ‘si’ in Spanish. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI hâ; ʼiʼ ‘yes,’ CRZ i ⁓ iʰ ‘yes,’ INZ he ‘yes’ (Whistler 1980: 88; Beeler & Klar 1977: 132; SYBCI 2007: 608) \xv 1. hįhįʔį, kalinaxyəʔət \xe 'yes, all night' (lit., 'I lasted all night'). \xv 2. hįhįʔ, lakwašwašətš \xe 'yes, I am well.' \xv 3. hįhįʔi̥ oxonišpiyit ! \xe 'yes, yes, be afraid of me!' \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.569.2-570.2 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx hikaʔan \ps prcl \ge why not? \de why not? \gn ¿como no? \dn ¿como no? \sd phrases \sd particles \lg JPH \rf 89.570.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx himhomok \a imhomok \a (imhomok) \ps v \ge feather smth \de to feather smth \ee Harrington notes that his speaker did not know just how the word meant to put feathers on, what kind of feathers were put on, or why the feathers were put on. \xv 1. no ʔan hukʰimhomok \xe 'I am going to feather [smth].' \xv 2. tsʰimhomokit \xe 'he feathered me.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd birds \lg JPH \rf 89.585.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx hin \a ʰin \rd hiʔin \rd hinhin \ps v \ge have \de to have \ee This word also acts something like a pro form for a variety of words. It acts as a 'dummy' noun for marking possession of (petrified) ‘nouns’ (ts nouns that seem to be functioning still as verbs and which cannot take the possession themselves). \cf ʔałhintskonin \ce smn who has a tapeworm \cf aqułhin \ce to peel smth \cf hinhinaʔaš \ce belonging; thing \cf hinutš \ce to have a share in; to have a part in \cf suyahin \ce to want to have \cf suyawatihin \ce to want to stop to get \cf watihin \ce to stop to get \xv 1. ksuyahin saʔałnehet hesikałtaktakʔuy \xe 'I want one like this one I am holding.' \xv 2. lokaməy ʔan katanixaʔax ʔišišʰin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolf was a little bigger than the coyote.' \xv 3. nokš kʰin \xe 'it is mine.' \xv 4. pikš pʰin \xe 'it is yours.' \xv 5. kəkstsʰin \xe 'it is his.' \xv 6. muhupihin hałʔo ! \xe 'do not go to fetch any water!' \xv 7. huki pałhin ? \xe 'what are you doing?' \xv 8. huki lupałhin \xe 'what are you going to do?' \xv 9. huki pałhinhinwaš \xe 'what were you doing?' \xv 10. hesikʰin ʔałhaputš \xe 'my meat.' \xv 11. hesikʰinhinʔałhaputš \xe 'my cattle.' \xv 12. pʰin tsupałʔuw \xe 'take what you are going to eat.' \xv 13. hesikʰin tsiyełʔiku \xe 'my bead,' (cannot say here *hesikʰtsiyełʔiku). \xv 14. hukihiʔin ʔispeʔey \xe 'let's go gathering flowers.' \xv 15. hesiya ʔan no kakʰin \xe 'this arrow is mine.' \xv 16. hesiya ʔan kikə kakihin \xe 'this arrow is ours.' \xv 17. ksuyahin ʔištəʔəniwaš \xe 'I would like to have a dog.' \xv 18. ʔulakʰin hałkatu \xe 'I would rather have a cat.' \xv 19. hesipon̓ ʔan tsʰin tskonin \xe 'this pole is wormy.' \xv 20. lokayəw ʔan kaxaʔax ʔišišhin lokaʔayuwhat \xe 'the large winnowing basket (ͽyəw) is bigger than the small winnowing basket (ͽʔayuwhat).' \xv 21.kaywu ʔan tšišʔipiyuw kiškə huki pšałhinhin \xe 'they told us what you two are doing.' \xv 22. kikasʰin lokaʔoqwo kisʰukaliʔin lokasʔoqwo kʔuwe lokaluʰtš ʔan qnowowo \xe 'he took the hair and measured it with his own and the hair that he found was shorter.' \xv 23. kʰoko, hinit (idiom), ʔəhə šikšik no ʔan kʰin šitšnuyu kikaktikikš heʔišyəwəš \xe 'papa, louse me, I have a lot of lice' (idiom). \xv 24. kasusihinwu (Ϟor kasusiyulišwu) šitšotšonəʔəš \xe 'they taught them to catch fish.' \sd common \sd verbs \lg (TJPH; JPH) \rf 89.571.2-; 94.326.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx hinhin \ps v \ge have.REDUP \de to have.REDUP \cf hin \ce to have \sd reduplications \dt 07/Jun/2011 \lx hinhinaʔaš \ps n \ge belonging \ge thing \de belonging; thing \gn cosa \dn cosa \mr [] \cf hin \ce to have \xv 1. yəlaʔa losipʰinhinaʔaš \xe 'all your things.' \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.578.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx hinutš \ps v \ge have a part in \ge part in, have a \ge have a share in \ge share in, have a \de to have a share in; to have a part in \mr [] \cf hin \ce to have \xv 1. kʰewali šipʰinutš \xe 'here is your share.' \sd food \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.580.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx his \a hís \ps onom \ge hiss \de hiss \ee Onomatopeic of a hissing noise. \xv 1. hís nayisapipne ʔištəq saʔanaxpak soʔo \xe 'hiss! it goes off like a fire cracker broken open in the middle [?in the] face of the one stingy with water.' \xv 2. mupkitwoʔo hemitəpə lapiliklikʔe ʔitimaʔam! \xe 'don’t go outdoors, stay in here!' (said to child). \sd onomatopoeia \lg JPH \rf Travels89 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx hiwey \ps n \ge pass \ge crack \ge intergluteal cleft \ge buttcrack \de pass; crack; intergluteal cleft; buttcrack \mr [] \cf wey \ce I. notch; buttcrack; groove II. to break through (as is said of a river); to be fluted; to be notched; to wane (said of the moon) \xv 1. kasʰiwey \xe (any) 'crack/pass.' \xv 2. hesikʰiwey \xe 'the crack between my buttocks.' \sd geography \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.590.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -hop- \ps vroot \ge together, be \de be together \cf ikołhop \ce to be piled up; to pile \cf sumohop \ce to invite; to make gather together \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx hoqš \ps n \ge gall \de gall \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI šʰoqš ‘gall’ (Whistler 1980: 63) \xv 1. sikʰoqš \xe 'my gall.' \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.580.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx hoti \ps n \ge cormorant \ge shag (bird) \de cormorant; shag (bird) \ee Described as being big and black billed. This word was also used for a kind of bird with a white breast and long bill. \xv 1. lokahoti ʔan ʔəmə \xe 'the cormorant is mute.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.465.1-466.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx how \ps v \ge have (sebaceous) cysts \ge cysts, have (sebaceous) \de to have (a) (sebaceous) cyst(s) \gn lobanillos, tener \gn tener lobanillos \dn tener lobanillos \cf tsʰow \ce hill \xv 1. no ʔan kʰow \xe 'I have a cyst.' \xv 2. kikə ʔan kiyʔałhow (Ϟor kihow) \xe 'we have cysts.' \xv 3. neʔesyət lokaʔatʔaxatš kaʔałʔił ʔisʰow \xe 'there comes the man with the cyst [on his face].' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.581.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx how̓ \cf tsʰow \ce hill \sd variations \dt 29/Jan/2012 \lx hu \a hú \ps prcl \de -meaning uncertain- \xv 1. pʰpošotš hú hałʔaleqenpi loʔkašʰaʔay tslow̓ \xe 'do you know the fate of the Eagle's daughter?' \xv 2. ha! pi hú šəpəšiwaš \xe 'aha! you are Coyote.' \sd particles \lg TJPH \rf Daughter42; Travels108 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx hu- \ps vpre \ge FUT \de future prefix \ee Note also the combining forms nelu (ͽneʔe +ͽla + ͽhu and ͽnel + ͽhu ), ͽhal (ͽhu + ͽʔal ), ͽlu (ͽla + ͽhu ), ͽsu (ͽsi + ͽhu ), and ͽlul (ͽlaʔ + ͽhu + ͽł ) Glossed as FUT. \xv 1. hukʔatšʔəšəš \xe 'I am going to pull out my beard hair.' \xv 2. hušiqipš saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is going to be full.' \xv 3. hukʰkawəy sikawəyəš \xe 'I am going to cut tule.' \xv 4. muhušaqʰša \xe 'he is not going to die.' \xv 5. neʔesiyaxikəhə́, hušišušełxénwu \xe 'the enemies are near and they (the men in ambush) are going to kill everyone of them to the last man.' \xv 6. huktopohonpi hesikpanyu \xe 'I am going to wrap it in my handkerchief.' \xv 7. hukiyaxšəš lokakiyʔaliwə \xe 'we are going to call our brother.' \xv 8. ʔašnəm huputʔaʔaw hałwə? \xe 'when are you going to go hunting?' \xv 9. husʔuwwaʔaš pakeʔet ʔan tsisqisənwaš \xe 'as she was about to eat one she kept looking at it.' \xv 10. musʔił hałtšotšonəʔəš hałʔaleleqpeyus lokakorvina kəwə tšaqnitšum ʔisʔamə \xe 'there is no fish better tasting than the corvina.' \xv 11. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \xv 12. huʔamaxinaʔał \xe 'they are going to have a dance.' \xv 13. ʔalahusixmayit \xe 'maybe I am going to faint away.' \xv 14. neluʔamaxiwił? \xe 'where are they going to have the dance?' \xv 15. nełʔuluknetus kuhukaqwayapiyuw? \xe 'how am I going to revenge myself on you people?' \xv 16. huki luʔamaxinaʔał \xe 'what dance are they going to dance?' \xv 17. kayhušnikʔoyi šiʔišaw \xe 'the sun is already coming back.' \xv 18. lokayumaxatʔam \xe 'the fiesta which he is going to make.' \xv 19. neʔešwašətš lokahukiʔałʔuw \xe 'our meal is ready.' \xv 15. lokaxəp kahałʔowow = sixəp sułʔowow ; hesixəp ʔan husʔowow \xe 'the stone that will be white ; the rock is going to be white.' \sd prefixes \sd chronometry \sd tense \lg JPH \rf 90.413.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx huki \hm 1 \ps v \ge appreciate oneself \ge think highly of oneself \de to appreciate oneself; to think highly of oneself \mr [] \cf suhuki \ce to appreciate smn/smth; to think highly of smn/smth \xv 1. no ʔan kʰuki \xe 'I appreciate myself.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksuhukì \xe 'I appreciate him/it.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.1103.1/Roadrunner246-248 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx huki \hm 2 \a hukì \ps pro \ge what \de what \ee This pronoun is used to inquire after or indicate a non human entity ‘what’ \xv 1. huki he? \xe 'what is this?' \xv 2. huki pałhin? \xe 'what are you doing?' \xv 3. huki lupałhin? \xe 'what are you going to do?' \xv 4. kihuki ʔałnaqša? \xe 'of what did he die?' \xv 5. huki palustʔey? \xe 'what did you touch?' \xv 6. huki paluqtiyəw? \xe 'what do you need or lack?' \xv 7. huki hałptaktə? \xe 'what did you kill when hunting?' \xv 8. huki lupʔalsutiyək? ; lokakʔušem̓a? \xe 'in what did you throw it?' ; 'in my jug, shaln’t I?' \xv 9. huki luʔamaxinaʔał? \xe 'what dance are they going to dance?' \xv 10. huki pałhinhinwaš? \xe 'what were you doing?' \xv 11. huki ʔałkuʔumkisqəwə? \xe 'at what time will the ocean be low?' \xv 12. tsmaxayułku, mupqisə lahuki \xe 'it is dark, murky, one cannot see anything.' \xv 13. ksusamha, kʔuwe mukpošotš huki \xe 'I am aware of some sound, but do not know what it is.' \xv 14. huki palaqnitoxlołkʔoy? \xe 'what are you listening to?' \xv 15. kihuki pałqisə? ; musʔił kałqisə \xe 'what are you looking at?' ; 'I am not looking at anything.' \xv 16. huki hałštałhəw? ; qʔanwa \xe 'what did she give birth to?' ; 'a girl.' \xv 17. huki hałptałhəw? ; ksuwheł siqʔanwa \xe 'what sex did you give birth to?' ; 'I gave birth to a girl.' \xv 18. huki ʔałkuʔum kisqəwə? \xe 'at what time is he going to sea?' \xv 19. kaywu ʔan tšišʔipiyuw kiškə huki pšałhinhin \xe 'they told us what you two are doing.' \xv 20. huki pałtsunuwus hesiptekmeł? \xe 'what will thou use for making pinole hand-squeezed cakes?' \xv 21. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan huki ʔałhinhin ʔiti, kałwašətš sukiywałtə kihušnaʔał? \xe 'what is this man doing around here?' \xv 22. kʰan pqisə hałtsalotoyi lahuki ʔan mupsuyawatihin kəwə mukapʰin \xe 'when you see something tossed aside, do not pick it up because it isn’t yours.' \xv 23. tšuštaʔap, mušpošʰotš huki ʔaluštʔey, tšutšaxšəkʔə kišʰuwatšʔə \xe 'she put her hand in and not knowing what it was that she was touching, she was startled and gave a scream.' \xv 24. mupqisə lahukì \xe 'you don’t see anything.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.581.4-89.583.2; 94.203 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx hul- \a huł- \va (huł-) \ps pre \ge DEF \de definite prefix \ee This is Humaliwo dialect. Harrington notes that it means something like the definite article in Spanish. It seems to be interchangeable with loʔka in Mitsqanaqan̓ dialect. Glossed as DEF. \xv 1. kikatssununa ʔišnəw kisaxinaʔał, “napay hułtšʔiwì tšupqitəwəsùs he kapwopo.” \xe 'And he [Coyote] began to sing and dance, “The squirrel jumps up so that he [may] see your grandfather.” ' \sd prefixes \sd dialects \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Roadrunner146-147/69.1095.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx huwał \ps v \ge gamble \de to gamble \gn jugar \dn jugar \mr [] \xv 1. sukitwo šipʔałtšum hukišʰuwał \xe 'get your money out, let us two gamble.' \sd gaming \sd verbs \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.583.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx huya \ps name \ge Huya; present-day Santa Catalina Island \de Huya; present-day Santa Catalina Island \xv 1. lokaku kaʔiyatʔap huya ʔan tšiyaqʰškutiwəšwu sipuyawət \xe 'the people of Santa Catalina domesticated, the condors.' \sd names \sd places \sd geography \lg JPH \rf 71.556.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx huyawət \cf puyawət \ce California condor \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx i- \hm 1 \cf iy- \ce plural number prefix \sd variations \dt 29/Jan/2012 \lx i- \hm 2 \ps vpre \ge TR.I \de transitivizing verbal prefix \ee It is possible that this is a variation (or older variation) of ni . Glossed as TR.I. \sy ni- \cf ʔiqip \ce door \cf ʔiqʔom \ce to be doubled up; to be folded \cf ʔalinetpi \ce form; figure \cf aputiqipš \ce to be filled by means of water \cf imey \ce to streak with \cf imoxpʔow \ce to make curved by working (with tools, etc.) \cf inoqš \ce to cut down (a tree) \cf iqip \ce to fill; to be full \cf iqipus \ce to shut in \cf iwalawakʔay \ce to fall from \cf iwəwə \ce to quiver; to palpitate \cf simoxkowowo \ce to place to one side \cf simoxnowo \ce to erect \cf siqʔom \ce to fold so as to bend back on itself \cf sutiqip \ce to plug; to fill \cf šaqškutałputš \ce to consider; to think about; to be of an opinion \cf ?šutiqipəʔəš \ce caulking \cf šutšʔinoqš \ce to groove around (horizontally); to make a (horizontal) groove around \cf tšʔinoqš \ce groove \cf uliqip \ce to plug a gopher hole (with earth) \cf utiqip \ce to fill \cf xałtsiqʔom \ce to double smth back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔoməš \ce smth bent back on itself \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -i \a -ì \a -í \a -í \ps vsuf \ge CPLV \de completive verbal suffix \ee Idicates that an action has been followed through to the end. Note how it has lexicalized with a number of forms, especially to convey the meaning of 'going home.' \cf -iwaš \ce depreciative noun suffix \cf ʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \ce smn ticklish; smn sensitive to touch \cf ʔalałqoni \ce laugher; smn who is always laughing \cf ʔališawi \ce June (time of heat); summer \cf ʔałmesi \ce I. traitor II. land snail \cf ʔałtšuyaxmušʰaši \ce one who loves him/herself; one who praises him/herself \cf ʔapətinaš \ce slope; ascent \cf aktenhesi \ce to blow (through the nose) \cf alapəti \ce to climb up at night \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \cf apiyi \ce to be a forest fire or conflagration in the mountains \cf aputinikʔoyi \ce to make undertow \cf aqšani \ce to finish; to come to an end; to end \cf aqšəkʔəni \ce to be touchy; to be sensitive to touch or tickling \cf axniwašəši \ce to be indifferent \cf axtanikʔoyi \ce to revive; to come to after a faint \cf axtaxʔuyi \ce to come to after a faint \cf axʔutitapi \ce to barely get in \cf iłnikʔoyi \ce to go out (said of the tide) \cf iłyəti \ce to come in (said of the tide); to rise (said of the tide) \cf iqwałnikʔoyi \ce to sew over and over \cf išawi \ce to be summer \cf itpeni \ce to be healed; to be recovered (from illness) \cf iwałtapi \ce to come into from out of \cf -iwaš \ce depreciative noun suffix \cf kaswalitapinə \ce day before yesterday \cf kaštapinə \ce yesterday \cf kinanikʔoyi \ce to resurrect from the dead \cf kumi \ce to arrive at one’s home; to come home; to arrive \cf kʔilapəti \ce to ascend quickly; to go up quickly \cf kʔilitapi \ce to rush into; to hide under \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf maqtapi \ce to put on pants \cf maqutapəti \ce to run up \cf maxsapəti \ce to drag up; to pull up \cf maxsutapi \ce to drag into; to pull into \cf maxtinikʔoyi \ce to slip back; to drag back \cf mesi \ce to change from one place to another; to be traitor to \cf ?naʔali \ce to go home; to go in a certain direction \cf napəti \ce to carry up \cf nikʰəti \ce to bring home \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \cf nukumi \ce to arrive home bringing smth \cf nunali \ce to carry home \cf nutapi \ce to carry into/inside \cf nutiyepšeši \ce to confess one to another \cf peyini \ce to be flower season \cf pilitapi \ce to stream/trickle in from outside \cf piłtapi \ce to throw out; to bury \cf pitʔapəti \ce to run up quickly to the top of \cf punipuni \ce to have many twigs or branches \cf qałtšəxšaši \ce to tighten on oneself \cf qiliyamšəši \ce to look at one's body \cf qulunikʔoyi \ce to turn around inside of \cf sapəti \ce to put on top of \cf siwałtapi \ce to throw on/in \cf sumaxtapəti \ce to pull up \cf sumesimesi \ce to make go over; to make traverse; to make pass over \cf sunaʔali \ce to send home \cf sunikʔoyi \ce to take someplace and bring back; to take and bring full circle \cf sunupahani \ce to renovate \cf supʔowi \ce to place in a zig-zag pattern \cf sutapi \ce to put into; to put through \cf sutapinwunmu \ce corral \cf suyanali \ce to want to go home \cf šahašiʔi \ce to ask for \cf šaqšiłtšaši \ce to be contained in; to contain oneself inside smth \cf šayuqštapi \ce to put on (clothes, etc.) \cf šulałtapi \ce to toss into \cf šuqalałpašʰəši \ce to curl up on oneself; to bunch up \cf šuyuwatšəši \ce to be craven; to be cowardly; to be narcissistic \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \cf tapinmu \ce entrance; place where smth comes in \cf tinikʔoyi \ce to go backward; to move backward; to back up \cf tipšoši \ce to be coiled up \cf toqʔololi \ce to carry under the arm \cf tsqapuni \ce spring-time \cf uxninikʔoyi \ce to be sorry; to repent; to change one's mind \cf walapəti \ce to scramble up in a hurry \cf wałnikʔoyi \ce to loosen (string of violin) \cf wayani \ce to be new (said of the moon) \cf wayapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to ascend lazily \cf wisutapi \ce to drive a stake into \cf xiliyamšəši \ce to look at oneself \cf yami \ce to get off; to come down from \cf yəti \ce to arrive; to arrive again \cf yətini \ce to come back; to come again; to return \sd suffixes \sd vsuffixes \sd aspect \lg TJPH \rf Trip to Coyo Line20 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -iʔit \ps vpre \ge 1S.OBJ.REDUP \de first person singular object verbal suffix.REDUP \ee Glossed as 1.S.OBJ.REDUP. \cf -it \ce first person singular object verbal suffix \sd reduplications \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx -iʔiy \a -iʔi \a -ii \va (-iʔi, -ii) \ps vsuf \ge REP \ge again \ge repeatitive verbal suffix \de again; repeatitive verbal suffix \ee This suffix indicates that a situation repeats. Glossed as REP. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI –iy, ‘of repeated action’ (Beeler 1978: 177). \xv 1. aqša ; aqšaniʔiy \xe 'to die' ; 'to die again.' \xv 2. ahašli ; ahašliniʔiy \xe 'to arrive at' ; 'to arrive at again.' \xv 3. sutapi ; sutapiniʔiy \xe 'to put in/through' ; 'to put in again.' \xv 4. kitwo ; kitwoniʔiy \xe 'to move out; to go out; to leave' ; 'to move out again; to go out again; to leave again' \sd suffixes \sd vsuffixes \sd aspect \lg TJPH \rf 89.9.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iʔwə \cf ʔiwə \ce countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -ik- \cf -ʔik- \ce do to \sd variations \dt 08/May/2011 \lx ikikmen̓ \cf ʔikʔikmen̓ \ce wave.REDUP; surf.REDUP \sd variations \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx ikmen \cf ʔikmen̓ \ce wave; surf \sd variations \dt 08/May/2011 \lx ikołhop \a ikułhop \va (ikułhop) \ps v \ge piled up, be \ge pile \de to be piled up; to pile \ee This verb is used particularly of piling stones. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ikołhopš \pde to be piled up.IPFV; to pile.IPFV \cf ušmołhop \ce to pile together \xv 1. tsikułhop sipon̓ \xe 'a pile of wood.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukikułhop sipon̓ \xe 'I am going to make a pile of wood.' \xv 3. hukikołhop \xe 'I am going to pile the stones in a pile.' \xv 4. tsikołhopš lokasqoyiʔis \xe 'the kelp is piled up.' \xv 5. tsikułhop \xe 'a pile.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.591.1-3, 602.4 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx ikpaw \ps v \ge carry on one’s head \de to carry on one’s head \cf ʔikpawəʔəš \ce carrying ring (for the head) \cf səʔəp \ce to carry on the back; to carry in a carrying net on the back \cf sikpaw \ce to cause to be carried on smn’s head \xv 1. kikpaw \xe 'I carry it on my head.' \xv 2. hukikpaw \xe 'I am going to carry on my head.' \xv 3. huksəʔəp \xe 'I am going to carry on my back.' \xv 4. kikpaw ʔisyəwəš siwə \xe 'I put deerhead on my head.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.591.4; 90.535.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikš \a ikʰš \rd ikšikš \ps v \ge give \ge hand to \de to give; to hand to \ee Harrington notes that this verb may be best translated as ‘to hand to,’ since one could not use it of handing one rock to two men (only one of the men could physically receive it). However, Harrington later notes that ͽikš can be used only if the benefactive/recipient is first or second person, while ͽyik is used if the benefactive/recipient is third person. The second statement by Harrington is broader in describing the phenomena here; it is also the explanation this dictionary adopts. \cf aqtikš \ce ?to deliver smth; ?to hand over smth \cf axakš \ce to give (generally said of food) \cf taʔaw \ce to give (away) \cf yik \ce to give \xv 1. ikšit ! \xe 'give me [smth]!' \xv 1. ikšit lokuʔuštap ! \xe 'give me the oar!' \xv 2. ikšit lositsʔohoy ! \xe 'give me that other one!' \xv 3. hukikšił \xe 'I am going to give or hand you something.' \xv 4. no ʔan kikšił supkitwo \xe 'I give you your liberty.' \xv 5. hukikšił yəlaʔa sipaluqtiyəw \xe 'I am going to give you everything you want.' \xv 6. hukikšił hesixəp ʔiti \xe 'I am going to give thee this stone.' \xv 7. kišit losiquyiwaš sixaʔax ! \xe 'give me that big cora!' \xv 8. ikšit losixəp ! \xe 'give me that rock!' \xv 9. ikšit lokatasa kałʔiyutiqipš ʔiswałwaʔał ! \xe 'give me the plugged holed shell!' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.593.4-597.3; 92.397.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikšikš \ps v \ge give.REDUP \ge hand to.REDUP \de to give.REDUP; to hand to.REDUP \cf ikš \ce to give; to hand to \sd reduplications \dt 30/Jan/2012 \lx iku- \a ik- \va (ik-) \ps vpre \ge INSTR.order \de by putting in order \ee Indicates action done by putting in order, or putting one thing at a location before/in front of/on top of another. Glossed as INSTR.order. \cf ʔikumešeš \ce dam (of water) \cf ʔikuweweneš \ce pile \cf alikuwewetš \ce to be lying down piled up \cf ikumeqteleletš \ce to go in single file \cf ikumes \ce to dam up \cf ikuwakʔanəš \ce to be on top of \cf ikuwakʔay \ce to piled one on top of another \cf ikuwewe \ce to pile one thing on top of another \cf ikuwewetš \ce to be piled one on top of another \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikuk \ps vt \ge butt \ge chip at \ge peck \ge strike \de to strike; to peck; to butt; to chip at \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ikukšəši \pde to strike.REFL; to peck.REFL; to butt.REFL; to chip at.REFL \cf ʔikukaʔaš \ce pecking instrument \cf aqutikuk \ce to stumble on; to stub one’s foot against \cf iqaq \ce to butt with the head \xv 1. tsikukit \xe 'it bit me' (said of a newt biting a person). \xv 2. no ʔan hukikuk hesikmetati \xe 'I am going to chip at my metate' (it is unclear if this means chipping away at the metate or striking something on the metate). \xv 3. tšišikukšəši \xe 'they are butting each other' (saidof goats or bulls). \xv 4. hukikukił \xe 'I am going to butt you.' \xv 5. no ʔan hukikuk \xe 'I am going to give him a tap on the head.' \xv 6. hukikukš \xe 'I butt many people with my head.' \xv 7. hukikuk šopeyay \xe 'I am going to hit a mortar' (presumably to prepare something in it). \sd verbs \sd common \sd animals \sd manner \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.599.3, 89.599.600.3-601.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikułhop \cf ikołhop \ce to be piled up; to pile \sd variations \dt 07/Jun/2011 \lx ikumeqteleletš \ps v \ge go in single file \ge single file, go in \de to go in single file \ee This verb cannot be used with singular or dual number prefixes. \mr [] \sy uleqpeneš \xv 1. tšiyikumeqteleletš \xe 'they go in file one behind the other.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.603.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ikumes \ps v \ge dam up \de to dam up \ee Dams, or weirs, were commonly used for fishing. \mr [] \cf ʔikumešeš \ce dam (of water) \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. hukikumes \xe 'I am going to dam up the water.' \xv 2. hukikumes soʔo hesimaha \xe 'I am going to dam up the water in this canyon.' \xv 3. tswey lokakikumes \xe 'it burst the dam that I made.' \xv 4. tšnunaʔał lokakikumes \xe 'it carried away all my dam.' \sd hunting \sd fish \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.603.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ikunət \ps v \ge splice \de to splice \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ikunətš \pde to splice.IPFV \cf ʔikunətəš \ce splice; joint \cf ʔikunətš \ce joint (anatomical) \cf ikunətš \ce to be spliced; to be jointed \xv 1. hukikunətš \xe 'I am going to make many splices' (Harrington notes here that this is a 'good word' but that one would not naturally use it). \xv 2. hukikunətš hešimiyaš \xe 'I am going to splice this rope.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.604.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikunətš \se I \ps n \ge ?wrist \de ?wrist \ee Translation of ‘wrist’ given by Henshaw (Heizer 1955). \se II \ps v \ge spliced, be \ge jointed, be \de to be spliced; to be jointed \mr [] \cf ʔikunətš \ce joint (anatomical) \cf ikunət \ce to splice \xv 1. tšikunətš \xe 'it is jointed.' \xv 2. kqisə lokałmasəx kapon̓ kałʔiyikunətš \xe 'I saw the three are spliced.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.604.4-605.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ikunkunəʔətš \cf ʔikʔikunəʔətš \ce joint (anatomical).REDUP \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikuwakʔanəš \ps v \ge top of, be on \de to be on top of \mr [] \cf ikuwakʔay \ce to piled one on top of another \cf wakʔanəš \ce to be many on top of many \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \xv 1. sa ʔiʔiʔalikuwakʔanəš \xe 'teeth on top.' \xv 2. tsiyikuwakʔanəš \xe 'they are all one on top of another.' \sd verbs \sd position \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.606.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikuwakʔay \ps v \ge piled one on top of another \de to piled one on top of another \mr [] \cf ikuwakʔanəš \ce to be on top of \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \xv 1. pakeʔet ʔisa ʔan tsikuwakʔay \xe 'one tooth is on top.' \sd verbs \sd position \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.606.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ikuwewe \a ikuwewè \a ʔikuwewe \ps v \ge pile one thing on top of another \de to pile one thing on top of another \mr [] \cf ʔikuweweneš \ce pile \cf alikuwewetš \ce to be lying down piled up \cf ikuwewetš \ce to be piled one on top of another \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. no ʔan hukikuwewenwu \xe 'I put them one on top of another.' \xv 2. pi, ikuwewenwu \xe 'put them one on top of another.' \xv 3. tsiyikuwewetš \xe 'they are one on top of another.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.607.1; 91.45.2; Daughter112 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ikuwewetš \ps v \ge piled one on top of another, be \de to be piled one on top of another \mr [] \cf alikuwewetš \ce to be lying down piled up \cf ikuwewe \ce to pile one thing on top of another \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. tsiyikuwewetš \xe 'they are one on top of another.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd hunting \sd descriptions \sd locations \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.607.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ikuy \a ikùy \ps v \ge roast in embers \de to roast in embers \cf ʔikuyaš \ce smth roasted in ashes; smth cooked in ashes \cf axšikuy \ce to go to a traditional fiesta \xv 1. hukikuy \xe 'I am going to roast it buried in the embers.' \xv 2. hukikuy siwəp \xe 'I am going to roast pencas de quiote.' \xv 3. kitšuliʔiš loʔkaštelèq loʔkasikuy ka qowòtš \xe 'and he pulled out the tail of the salmon which he was roasting.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd heat \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.597.4-598.2; Travels27 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikʰəʔəł \ps v \ge go to bring \ge bring (along) \ge fetch \de to go to bring; to bring (along); to fetch \ee This verb does not give an indication as to whether the bringing was successful or not. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ikʰəl ‘to fetch; to bring; to go after,’ INZ ikʰɨt(-us) ‘to bring (for someone)’ (Whistler 1980: 10; SYBCI 2007: 139) \mr [] \xv 1. hukikʰəʔəł \xe 'I am going to go to bring [smth].' \xv 2. tsiyikʰəʔəł \xe 'they went to bring [something].' \xv 3. hukikʰəʔəł kʰoko \xe 'I am going to bring my father' (in a car, on horse, etc., but not on foot). \xv 4. tsikʰəʔəł \xe 'he went to get it.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.608.3-610.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -ikʰət- \ps vroot \ge bring \de bring \ee This root does not appear without the instrumental ͽni-1 TR.II \mr [] \cf alinikʰət \ce to bring at night; to bring in the night time \cf ikʰəʔəł \ce to go to bring; to bring (along); to fetch \cf nikʰət \ce to bring (successfully) \cf nikʰəti \ce to bring home \cf uninikʰət \ce to bring in the morning \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ił- \ps vpre \ge INSTR.tide \ge having to do with the tides \ge tides, having to do with \de having to do with the tides \ee Glossed as INSTR.tide. \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ il- ⁓ ili- ‘having to do with water, especially water in motion’ (SYBCI 2007: 140) \cf iłnikʔoyi \ce to go out (said of the tide) \cf iłtuniʔi \ce to be half full \cf iłyəti \ce to come in (said of the tide); to rise (said of the tide) \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd vprefixes \sd water \sd ocean \lg TJPH \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx -ił \a -ìł \a -ìł \a -ìł \a -il \ps pro \ge 2S.OBJ \de second person singular object suffix \ee Glossed as 2S.OBJ. \xv 1. kikšił \xe 'I gave it to you.' \xv 2. ktayinił \xe 'I respect you.' \xv 3. kuškuyił \xe 'I point at thee.' \xv 4. kseqpeyił \xe 'I gave you my sickness.' \xv 5. tšʰunuškuyił \xe 'he promised you.' \xv 6. ksətəlił \xe 'I call you out, name you before a crowd or otherwise.' \xv 7. knukunoyił \xe 'I guided you.' \xv 8. kxilałtəlił \xe 'I saw you coming.' \xv 9. hukwaqšikił \xe 'I am going to paint you.' \xv 10. huksuqpuyił \xe 'I am going to throw water on you.' \xv 11. nelupsapiwił \xe 'where are you going to build a fire?' \xv 12. hukutsʔəmənił \xe 'I am going to bury thee' (after thou art dead). \xv 13. hukšušoxšolił \xe 'I am going to make it urinate on you.' \xv 14. hukwelemespiyił \xe 'I am going to rush over at you or on top of you.' \xv 15. kułhamił losiptu \xe 'I am going to bore your ears for you.' \xv 16. ka muhuksaqikʔitił \xe 'I will not disturb you any more.' \xv 17. hukwəpwəpił hesipon̓ \xe 'I am going to give you a licking with this stick.' \xv 18. huktimesił sipkamisa \xe 'I am going to button up your shirt for you.' \xv 19. hukʰnikətił sixəpxəʔəp \xe 'I am going to bring you stones.' \xv 20. hukikšił hesixəp ʔiti \xe 'I am going to give thee this stone.' \xv 21. no ʔan kalaqʰkumiʔił \xe 'I am grateful to you.' \xv 22. hukšuškuyił hesalutiyək sikwawli \xe 'I am going to show you what I have in my trunk.' \xv 23. mupsuyapət ʔasitsʔuqił hałmantaraya \xe 'look out lest you step on a stingray and he pierce you.' \xv 24. supsakałhaha ʔan husitapinił hesipʔək \xe 'if you open your mouth they will enter it.' \xv 25. lokaštəʔəniwaš ʔan husaxsilił sihuptotsʔi \xe 'the dog is going to bite you if you kick him.' \xv 26. hukikšił yəlaʔa supaluqtiyəw ʔałtšum kasixʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'I am going to give you everything you want: money [and] women.' \xv 27. tsʔipus, “kʰokó!” ʔalištaxan̓ kihukʰsunapaiyił kihupʰnaʔali maʔam, kihupʰnaʔali maʔam \xe ' he said, “my father! have spirit! I will take you from here, you are going to the house.” ' \sd pronouns \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \lg JPH; TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iləhəy \ps n \ge guardian stars \ge stars, guardian \de guardian stars \ee There were four such stars that guarded the north star. This name is from the speech of the ͽsiliyək. The word ͽiləhəy is said to mean ‘guards.’ Word likely begins with a glottal stop. \sd astronomy \sd mythology \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 79.32.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iləš \sc ?Myliobatis californica \ps n \ge ?bat ray \ge ?ray, bat \ge ?ray, eagle \ge devilfish (?bat ray) \de ?bat ray; ?eagle ray; devilfish (eagle ray) \ee See also California’s Department of Fish and Game: www.dfg.ca.gov. \sd animals \sd fish \lg JPH \rf 71.48.2 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx ilikenšteʔeš \cf ilikʔenšteʔeš \ce well-being \sd variations \dt 17/Feb/2012 \lx iliklikʔe \a ilikʰlikʔe \ps v \ge sit.REDUP \ge stay.REDUP \ge remain.REDUP \de to sit.REDUP; to stay.REDUP; to remain.REDUP \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ilikʔe \a ilikʔen \a ʔilikʔe \a ilikʔè \a ilikʔè \a ilik \rd iliklikʔe \va (ʔilikʔe, ilikʔen-, ilik-) \ps v \ge sit \ge stay \ge remain \de to sit; to stay; to remain \ee This means to sit in a chair or on the floor with one’s legs extended in front of oneself. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałʔilikʔenpi \pde to sit NZ.APL.LOC; to stay NZ.APL.LOC; to remain.NZ.APL.LOC \pdl v \pdv ilikʔenpi \pde to sit.APL.LOC; to stay.APL.LOC; to remain.APL.LOC \cf ʔanaputiilikʔe \ce animal that is motionless in the current \cf ʔilikʔeneʔeš \ce buttocks \cf ʔilikʔenmu \ce chair; where one sits \cf alilikʔe \ce to be sitting (smwh) \cf ilikʔenšteʔeš \ce well-being \cf qałtsilikʔe \ce to have a hair pug in the top middle of one’s head; to have a pug on the side of one’s head \cf silikʔe \ce to set; to seat \cf unilikʔe \ce to be left (alone) smwh \cf watʔilikʔe \ce to sit down for a while on a journey \xv 1. ʔałʔilikʔenpi \xe 'one sitting down.' \xv 2. musililikʔe \xe 'it is not there.' \xv 3. kikasilikʔenpi \xe 'so she sat down.' \xv 4. kalilikʔe kalitoqoqo \xe 'I squatted frog fashion on the floor.' \xv 5. hukilikʔe kuhukʔuwlilo \xe 'I am going to sit down while I eat.' \xv 6. tsalaqwaʔay ʔisilikʔe \xe 'he is well fixed at home.' \xv 7. laʔmunaməʔək sikilikʔè \xe 'it was not long that I remained [with him].' \xv 8. latšə sihemaʔam kasiliklikʔe \xe 'it stayed indoors all the time.' \xv 9. mušiyušʰolit hałlahukiliklikʔe \xe 'they don’t let you sit down in peace.' \xv 10. lokaʔałʔapʰanəš ʔan musililikʔe \xe 'the owner of the house is not here.' \xv 11. tsilikʔenpi loʔistiwis hešiquyiwaš \xe 'this basket sits on its bottom.' \xv 12. kilikʔenpi heʔismət sikawayu \xe 'I sit on the horse’s back.' \xv 13. kilikʔenpi hesikaxon ʔan tštiyam \xe 'I sat down on this box and it sank down a little.' \xv 14. no ʔan kiliklikʔenwaš santa barbara \xe 'I used to live in Santa Barbara.' \xv 15. yəlaʔa hesiku saʔaliyilikʔe ʔiti ʔišup \xe 'everyone in the world.' \xv 16. naštəʔəʔə kiyilikʔe kisqultap losimantana \xe 'we were still seated when the sun shone in through the windows.' \xv 17. pi ʔan wašətš supilikʔe kəwə piwałtšaqša \xe 'you will do well if you sit down, because you are tired.' \xv 18. kasilikʔè ka šqitəwə̀tš ʔisixút loʔkasʔap xwetét \xe 'and he sat down to watch Frog’s house burn.' \xv 19. lokanawnawaʔaʔay kaku ʔan məʔək ʔisiyilikʔe \xe 'the people of before endured much, they were long-lived.' \xv 20. mupkitwoʔo hemitəpə lapiliklikʔe ʔitimaʔam ! \xe 'don’t go out doors, stay in here! (said to child).' \xv 21. nee ka skumli ʔi šʰinʔišaw si muhusilikʔe ʔiti šup \xe 'the day arrived to him of no longer living.' \xv 22. kihušwašətš supiyilikʔe kəwə kaswanaʔał ʔisamilikʔe \xe 'so it will be well, for it is the custom.' \xv 23. kiskənəʔə̀t heʔalałpay loʔkałʔilikʔenpi loʔkaʔałšəpə̀š \xe 'he did turns about the sitting-down Coyote.' \xv 24. neʔesʔəhə ʔišup sikilikʔe ʔitiʔišup, kʔuwe kayukaqša \xe 'I have lived many years in the world but now I am going to die.' \xv 25. kasilikʔè kikasiqiliʔik loʔkasʔiwə̀ ʔapí nełtsalinetus \xe 'he sat [there] and looked with attention after his comrade to see how she got her prey.' \xv 26. lokapštə ʔan latšə ʔisiyilikʔe heʔisʔamamə kihʔišyəwəš ʔan musitapi \xe 'the (body) louse always stays on your body and never gets up on your head.' \xv 27. ʔalasʔił hałʔapʔapwaʔaš ʔan neʔesixmenxmen lokasiyilikʔenutš kakukuʔu \xe 'maybe there were some old houses fallen down where people had lived.' \xv 28. latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw tsisaxyikuʔus sułʔuw, latšə ʔisiliklikʔe maʔan lokasinaymu kaʔixpanəš \xe 'every day they gave her food, she remaining continually inside the acorn granary.' \xv 29. kanawa sitaxsə yəlaʔa lokałnetpu, kikašišyət kašiškumuʔus lokalilikʔenpi kašišʰaʔaʔay \xe 'when he had heard the whole story they came and arrived at the place where their daughter was.' \xv 30. kʰan ʔisalilikʔe ʔan lokałpakeʔet kasʔəł ʔan tswatwatitiwekey lokatsʔohoy kasʔəł kikasiwon \xe 'when he sits he rubs one leg against the other and thus sings.' \xv 31. tšnaʔał hesikayi lawaliʔiʔin kisyəti kikasilikʔe kisʔaləł isbiblia, ʔəhə ʔislibro yəlaʔa ʔiswantswanaʔał \xe 'he goes to the street but returns soon and sits down to read, he has Bibles and all kinds of books.' \xv 32. yontsʰe ʔan tsʔił ʔislantšu ʔan əhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kasikawkawayu satikʔoy kasʔił ʔislantšu, ʔəhə sikuhkuʔu saʔalililikʔenwaš salitiwtiwəšwaš yontsʰe \xe 'Yontsʰe (Luis Francisco) had a ranch and lots of live stock atSaticoy and lots of Indians lived there with him.' \xv 33. maría antonia kanaštəʔəʔə tsilikʔe kasisilya neʔešišʰatiwənitš sisilyu ka maría antonia kimitsqanaqan kašišiliklikʔe, lakaneʔeʔe kasʔap maría antonia ka sisilya \xe 'María Antonia and Cecilio are still living, they are already married and live at Ventura near together.' \xv 34. kakikoko lokalilikʔe ʔalałpay \xe 'our Father in Heaven.' \xv 35. ʔalałpaʔaʔay kasilikʔe lokakikoko \xe 'our Father is way up in the sky.' \xv 36. kikašnaʔał ʔalałpay kikasiliklikʔe loʔiskuyuw liyos \xe 'ascended into Heaven and is seated at the right hand of God.' \xv 37. lokakanaʔaʔay kałmasəx ʔan tsiyexneqenpi lyos kilokałyitimasəx ʔan tsiyuskuyus lokałwašətš ʔisilikʔe lokapʔaliwə \xe 'the first three pertain to the honor of God, and the other seven to the benefit of your fellow man.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.489; 89.163; Daughter39; Travels12 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ilikʔenšteʔeš \a ilikenšteʔeš \a ilikʔenšteʔèš \va (ilikenšteʔeš) \ps n \ge well-being \de well-being \mr [] \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \xv 1. laʔkʰan supqeyepi ʔan hupwatšiw loʔkapilikenšteʔeš \xe 'you are going to give up wanting your well being.' \xv 2. laʔkʰan sipitaq ʔisamʔip xutaš ʔan kapilikenšteʔeš \xe 'listen to what Venus says there is your well-being.' \sd emotions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Advice3, 7 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iłnikʔoyi \ps v \ge go out (said of the tide) \de to go out (said of the tide) \mr [] \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \sd verbs \sd water \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.813.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iłtuniʔi \ps v \ge half full, be \de to be half full \ee Based on the instrumental prefix, it seems that this verb conveys information about the tides \mr [] \xv 1. tsiłtuniʔi \xe 'it is half full.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd water \rf 82.27.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iłyəti \ps v \ge come in (said of the tide) \ge rise (said of the tide) \de to come in (said of the tide); to rise (said of the tide) \ee This verb is used for tides. \mr [] \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \cf yəti \ce to arrive; to arrive again \sd verbs \sd water \sd ocean \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.647.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx imahwaya \ps v \ge hanging, be \de to be hanging \mr [] \sy aliwaya \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.88, 204, 218.3-4, 219.1-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx imałtəł \a imałtəł- \ps v \ge ensnared, become \de to become ensnared \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv imałtəłtšaši \pde to become ensnared.REFL \cf simałtəł \ce to lasso \cf šimałtələʔəš \ce snare; lasso \cf šimałtətš \ce to be a lassoer; to be a cowboy \xv 1. huksimałtəł siwaka \xe 'I am going to lasso a cow with the riate.' \xv 2. kikasiyimałtəłtšaši \xe 'and they become ensnared' (in a weir). \xv 3. tsiyimałtəłtšəši \xe 'they lassoed themselves in a trap.' \xv 4. neʔesimałtəł \xe 'it is lassoed.' \sd verbs \sd hunting \sd inchoatives \lg TJPH \rf 91.50.1; WeirA5 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx imey \ps v \ge streak with \de to streak with \mr [] \cf ʔimeymu \ce white mud \xv 1. hesikawkawiyaʔa ʔan tsiyimey heʔisiyəwyəwəʔəš ʔisewu \xe 'they kawiya stroke their heads with grease.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.533.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx imhomok \cf himhomok \ce to feather smth \sd variations \dt 04/Aug/2018 \lx imləwəwə \ps v \ge ripple \de to ripple \mr [] \xv 1. tsimləwəwə hesimuwu \xe 'the sea ripples, the surface of the sea is all waves.' \sd water \sd verbs \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 85.669.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx imokʔoʔoy \a imokʔo \va (imokʔo-) \ps v \ge wheel around \de to wheel around \mr [] \cf simokʔoʔoy \ce to make wheel around \xv 1. kimokʔoʔoy \xe 'I wheel around.' \xv 2. tsiyimokʔoyi \xe '[lots of horses trot down in pasture and] they wheel around [and come back or off].' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd animals \sd path \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.554.1-2 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx imoxpʔow \ps v \ge make curved by working (with tools, etc.) \de to make curved by working (with tools, etc.) \mr [] \cf moxpʔow \ce to be bent down; to be bent over \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. tsamsumoxpʔow, tsamimoxpʔow \xe 'they bend a board, they make a board curved using an axe, etc.' \sd verbs \sd boating \sd tomol \lg TJPH \rf Tomol108-109 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -in \ps vsuf \ge APL.INSTR \de instrumental applicative suffix \ee This suffix does not seem to have been productive in Ventureño, although it is in other Central Chumash languages. It is found fossilized in a handful of verbs. Glossed as APL.INSTR. \xv 1. kʰnikət \xe 'I brought (one horse).' \xv 2. kʰnikətinwu \xe 'I brought (horses).' \xv 3. knikʰətiniʔiy \xe 'I brought it back again, I brought back the same thing that I carried.' \xv 4. huknikʰət \xe 'I am going to bring.' \xv 5. huknikʰətiniʔi \xe 'I am going to bring it back again.' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd grammar \lg TJPH \rf 90.190.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ina- \cf ʔina- \ce negative imperative verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 09/Jan/2013 \lx inakukay \ps v \ge lean back (while seated) \de to lean back (while seated) \xv 1. kinakukay \xe 'I lean back in the chair.' \sd verbs \sd positionals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 3.82.23.4 \dt 21/Oct/2018 \lx inoqš \ps v \ge cut down (a tree) \de to cut down (a tree) \mr [] \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \cf šutšʔinoqš \ce to groove around (horizontally); to make a (horizontal) groove around \cf tšʔinoqš \ce groove \cf watʔinoxš \ce to break of its own accord \xv 1. inoqš losipon̓ saʔałkəyə́mi ! \xe 'cut thou that straight tree for me!' \sd verbs \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.215.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ip \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \sd variations \dt 03/Feb/2012 \lx ipanpi \ps v \ge nail \de to nail \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ipaʼ ‘to drive a stake’ (SYBCI 2007: 145) \cf wisuteqpey \ce to make adhere by blows; to nail to \xv 1. tsamipanpi sipon̓ lokalamesa \xe 'they nailed a board on the table.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 92.631.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ipexʔe \ps v \ge break by hitting one shell against another \de to break by hitting one shell against another \cf ipexʔeneš \ce shell broken against another shell \xv 1. kipexʔe \xe 'I break by hitting shell against shell.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 70.102.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ipexʔeneš \ps n \ge shell broken against another shell \de shell broken against another shell \mr [] \cf ipexʔe \ce to break by hitting one shell against another \xv 1. ipexʔenèš \xe (said of a shell found in a box) 'a broken shell by hitting shell against shell.' \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.102.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ipə \ps n \ge brain \de brain \ee This word does not appear to have cognates in ϡboiϡ, ϡinzϡ, or ϡpuyϡ \xv 1. hesikipə \xe 'my brains.' \xv 2. loʔisipə \xe 'his brains.' \xv 3. ʔəhə sikipə \xe 'I have a lot of brains.' \sd anatomy \sd cognition \rf 91.295.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ipipi \ps v \ge crack acorns \de to crack acorns \ee This form was recalled with some difficulty by Fernando Librado. \sd verbs \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 70.248.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ipipšoš \ps v \ge breathe out fast and strong with a rushing sound \ge heave \de to breathe out fast and strong with a rushing sound; to heave \ee This does not mean 'to vomit' \xv 1. no ʔan kipipšoš \xe 'I am breathing out fast and strong with rushing sound.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa hesitaktaktəʔəš ʔan tšʔiqałkənəʔət hesus kristo kisiyenhespi kilakəkš lokamula kałmuštiyət tšipipšoš kismaqutinaʔał \xe 'all the animals got in a circle around Jesus Christ and warmed him, but the mule alone did not draw near, he was puffing or snorting and he went away.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.75; 90.87.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iple \ps n \ge snap (said of a firebrand) \de to snap (said of a firebrand) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv iplen \pde to snap (said of a firebrand).DIM \cf apipne \ce to crackle from fire \xv 1. tsipʰle kinupan tsipʰtsʔitsʔix \xe 'the brand snaps and then it throws sparks.' \xv 2. kin yəlaʔa hukiple \xe 'we are all going to finish.' \sd heat \sd temperature \sd light \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 69.539/547.1, 82.15.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ipok \ps v \ge shake smth \de to shake smth \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ipokšəši \pde to shake smth.REFL \sy səyəyə \cf suwelewele \ce to wave smth; to shake smth; to wag smth; to sway smth \xv 1. no ʔan kipok hesikpantalon \xe 'I shook my pants.' \xv 2. no ʔan kipokš \xe 'I shook all the clothes.' \xv 3. no ʔan kipokšəši \xe 'I shake myself.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.536.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ipolotš \ps v \ge hold one’s form \de to hold one’s form \xv 1. hukipolotš \xe 'it holds its form' (when it is mixed with water). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd food \lg TJPH \rf 89.585.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ipoxʔi \a ipoxʔí \ps v \ge knock \ge crack \ge sound loudly \ge give a report (noise) \de to knock; to crack; to give a report (noise); to sound loudly \ee Does not mean 'to tap.' \xv 1. tsipoxʔi \xe 'he raps on the door.' \xv 2. tsipoxʔi \xe '[the wave] booms' (sounds like a cannon boom). \xv 3. tsamipoxʔi hesimitəpə \xe 'someone is knocking at the door.' \xv 4. tšwałtataqš \xe 'he makes a tapping sound.' \xv 5. tsipoxʔi lokamitəpə \xe 'she rapped on the door.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd senses \lg TJPH \rf 81.31.1; 93.386.2; Travels70 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ipšəł \ph ˈɪpʰʃǝɬ \a ipʰšəł \ps v \ge cooked, be \ge roasted on top of coals, be \de to be cooked; to be roasted on top of coals \et *pSel \ec Compare BOI ʼipšel ‘to be cooked,’ INZ ipšel ‘to be cooked,’ OBI pši ‘to be cooked’ (Klar 1977: 78) \cf šipšəł \ce to roast smth on top of coals \xv 1. ka šipʰšəł kasamsunapay \xe 'and when they are stewed they take them out.' \xv 2. kaxtaʔak sitʔo \xe 'I roast mussel on top of the hot coals' (when finished say ͽneʔešipšəł). \xv 3. tsʔowow, kʔuwe tšipšə̀ł \xe 'it is white, but it is roasted.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.408.1; WeirB12 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ipštewe \cf ʔipštewe \ce to be so many \sd variations \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx iptsʔeyewu \ps v \ge shine \ge slow \ge reflect light \de to shine; to glow; to reflect light \gn relumbrar \dn relumbrar \ee Instead, it is used of light (firelight ?or sunlight) shining off of sand, water, a looking glass, the nickleplated top of an inkbottle, a tin thimble, etc. \xv 1. pʰkepʰpi loʔkaʔaliptsʔeʔewu kaʔo kʔuwe losipʔamamə̀ pʰala ʔan tsiptsʔeyewu \xe 'if you bathe in the phosphorescent water, your body will shine.' \xv 2. loʔkayahəł ʔan tšuštahày kinupan tšošoy heʔispo loʔiswał ʔišnuxš ʔan xaxaʔàx kinupan tsiptsʔeyewù, musaqʰtipałyət, kʰin, tswaya kisʰwəpił \xe 'the whipsnake is red with black cheeks its nostrils big and shiny, it does not suck[?le], moreover, it hangs [?in the air] and it hits you.' \xv 3. tsiptsʔeyewu lokaqas kakaliwašyətpi \xe 'the sand that I am staring at glitters.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 3.70.53.2, 82.39.4-40.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx iptsʔitsʔix \ps v \ge spark \ge throw sparks \de to spark; to throw sparks \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaliptsʔitsʔix \pde to spark.NZ; to throw sparks.NZ \xv 1. tsipʰle kinupan tsipʰtsʔitsʔix \xe 'the brand snaps and then it throws sparks.' \xv 2. tsʰin tsʔalipʰtsʔitsʔix kaqunupmawa \xe 'star (lit., ‘spark of the sun’).' \sd verbs \sd heat \sd idioms \lg TJPH \rf 69.539/547.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ipxey \ps v \ge add to \de to add to \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ipxey ‘to add,’ INZ ipxey ‘to add (to); to put in (with)’ (Whistler 1980: 10; SYBCI 2007: 146) \cf niwipxey \ce to increase the speed of \cf sapipxey \ce to add wood to fire \xv 1. ipxey lamitʔi \xe 'put a little more on my plate.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.511.3; 92.745.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ipyototo \ps v \ge boil \de to boil \cf ipyototonutš \ce to be boiled \cf sipyototo \ce to make boil; to cook by boiling \xv 1. tsipyototo \xe 'it is boiling.' \xv 2. tsipyototo saʔališaw soʔo \xe 'the hot spring is boiling.' \xv 3. hesoʔo ʔan tsipyototo kišułtšawawa \xe 'this water is boiling and giving off steam.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd food \sd kitchen \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.334.2; 91.393.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ipyototonutš \ps v \ge boiled, be \de to be boiled \mr [] \cf ipyototo \ce to boil \xv 1. nawaʔaʔay̓ ʔišiyipyototonutš \xe 'they have been boiling for a long time.' \sd food \sd heat \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.28.4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ipʰəw \ps v \ge pop \de to pop \ee This is said of grains that are toasted. \xv 1. koxtokok kisipʰəw \xe 'I toast it so that it pops.' \xv 2. hukipʰəw \xe 'I am going to pop' (said by grain of corn). \sd verbs \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 90.300.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ipʰoʔo \ps v \ge mound, be in a \de to be in a mound \cf sipʰoʔo \ce to make a mound \cf tsʰow \ce hill \xv 1. tsiyipʰoʔo \xe 'there are many little mounds.' \xv 2. tsipʰoʔo lokašupšuʔup \xe 'the loose earth is in a little mound.' \sd verbs \sd geography \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.311.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ipʔip \cf ʔipʔip \ce to say.REDUP; to tell.REDUP \sd variations \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx iqaq \ps v \ge butt with the head \de to butt with the head \cf ikuk \ce to strike; to peck; to butt; to chip at \xv 1. hukiqaq \xe 'I butt my head' (as a billygoat does). \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.610.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iqip \ps v \ge fill \ge full, be \de to fill; to be full \ee Note the transitive and intransitive uses of this verb. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv iqipš \pde to fill.IPFV; to be full.IPFV \pdl v \pdv iqipšaši \pde to fill.REFL; to be full.REFL \cf ʔiqip \ce door \cf aputiqipš \ce to be filled by means of water \cf iqipus \ce to shut in \cf sutiqip \ce to plug; to fill \cf uliqip \ce to plug a gopher hole (with earth) \cf utiqip \ce to fill \xv 1. lokaʔaxšínapi ʔan tšiqipš \xe 'the trunk is full.' \xv 2. tšiqipš siqas kinelahe sweleqe \xe 'the river gets full of sand at a place and the current turns aside.' \xv 3. tsiqip heʔišquntštutukš tsʰunuwus saʔałʔowow \xe 'she fills all her wrinkles with talcum.' \xv 4. ʔan hukšuniwəš šiletši, kiqip šiquyiwaš saʔalina, kikaksuqpuypi lokaletši, kšuniwəš šiletši, no ʔan kuniwəš lokamantekiya kalokaletši \xe 'I mixed milk (into the flour), I filled a dish with flour and poured some milk on or added some milk, I mixed butter and milk into the flour.' \xv 5. tšiqipʰšašì loʔkašaqʰ \xe 'the turtle contracts.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH \rf 89.79.1, 200.2, 238.2; 91.675.2; 92.517.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx iqipus \ps v \ge shut in \de to shut in \mr [] \cf iqip \ce to fill; to be full \xv 1. ksutapinwu, hukiqipuswu \xe 'I stuck them in, I am going to shut the door and shut them in' (said of putting chickens in a coop). \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.22.1, 673.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iqmay \a iqmáy \ps v \ge cover (with the intent of closing off access to) \de to cover (with the intent of closing off access to) \et *Vqmay \ec Compare INZ iqmay ‘to cover,’ OBI skaqmi from ?s-ki-aqmay ‘to cover’ (Klar 1977: 79) \mr [] \cf ʔiqmay \ce cover \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. ʔiqmay̓ ! \xe 'cover/shut it!' (said of closing an olla). \xv 2. ʔiqip loʔismitəpə̀ ! \xe 'shut the door!' \xv 3. hukiqmay \xe 'I take the lid and cover the pot.' \xv 4. kispuwe šaʔałhaputš ʔan mukiqmay \xe 'I bought some meat and didn’t cover it up.' \xv 5. hukiqmáy yəlaʔa loʔsitilì kimuhukoxšoł \xe 'I will cover up all my vagina so that I will not urinate.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.59.1; 89.182.3; 91.140.3-4; Travels32 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx iqsihi \ps v \ge noon, be \ge south wind blowing, be the \de to be noon; ?to be the south wind blowing \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI siqsin ‘noon,’ CRZ ɨksihin ‘to be noon’ (Whistler 1980: 72; Klar 1977: 109) \cf aliqšihitš \ce to sleep during the day \cf axiqšihitš \ce to be noon; ?to be the south wind blowing \xv 1. neʔesiqsihi kisqəwə \xe 'at noon it will be low.' \xv 2. tsalitax, neʔesiqsihi kisalaxʔuy \xe 'he slept in the daytime and it was nearly noon when he awoke.' \xv 3. tsalitʰaq neʔesiqsihi kisalaqʔuy \xe 'he slept and it was already noon when he awoke.' \xv 4. siqsihi \xe 'south wind.' \sd chronometry \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.166.4-167.1, 217.4; 90.57.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iqwałnikʔoyi \ps v \ge sew over and over \de to sew over and over \mr [] \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \cf wałnikʔoyi \ce to loosen (string of violin) \xv 1. kiqwałnikʔoyi \xe 'I sew over and over.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.41.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx isaʔam \ps n \ge son-in-law \de son-in-law \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI išam̓ ‘son-in-law,’ INZ išam̓ ‘son-in-law’ (Whistler 1980: 81; SYBCI 2007: 581) \sd affinal \sd kinship \lg JPH \rf 88.23 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx isawus \ps v \ge sweat \de to sweat \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \cf susisawus \ce to make sweat \xv 1. kisawus \xe 'I am sweating.' \xv 2. tsisawus yəlaʔa heʔisʔamamə \xe 'his whole body is sweating.' \xv 3. kisawus, kapaqša \xe 'I am sweating, I am very hot with the hot day.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd senses \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 89.305.1; 90.341.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ispiwetš \cf išpiwetš \ce to charge; to sell \sd variations \dt 08/Aug/2018 \lx ispuwe \rd ispuweʔe \ps v \ge buy \ge rent \de to buy; to rent \mr [] \sy aqapiʔiš \cf išpuwen \ce to pay; to pay smn back \cf piʔiw \ce to cost \xv 1. hukaqapiʔiš (Ϟor hukispuweʔe) \xe 'I am going to go buy.' \xv 2. kispuwe sikwałtu soʔoteł los angeles \xe 'I rented a room at a hotel in Los Angeles.' \xv 3. hukispuwe ʔisʔałxili \xe 'I am going to buy butter or lard.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd economics \lg JPH \rf 89.16.1, 246.2; 90.60.4; \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ispuweʔe \ps v \ge buy.REDUP \ge rent.REDUP \de to buy.REDUP; to rent.REDUP \cf ispuwe \ce to buy; to rent \sd reduplications \dt 10/Jun/2011 \lx ispux \ps v \ge shoot bird (with a short arrow) \de to shoot a bird (with a short arrow) \gn clavar el pajaro \dn clavar el pajaro \mr [] \sd verbs \sd animals \sd hunting \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.410.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx istukun \ps n \ge knee \de knee \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI istukun ‘knee’ (Whistler 1980: 67) \mr [] \cf watistukunpi \ce to bump one's knee against \xv 1. ktoktokom hesikistukun \xe 'I have a cramp in my knee.' \xv 2. kwatistukunpi lokasiya, tštəš hesikistukun \xe 'I bumped into a chair with my knee, my knee is swollen.' \sd anatomy \lg TJPH \rf 91.204.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iswəxə \ps n \ge clothes \ge smth worn \de clothes; smth worn \ee Specific to Ventureño dialect(s). \sy ʔaxwi \xv 1. hesikiswəxə \xe 'my clothes.' \sd clothes \rf 3.81.305.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iš- \a š- \a is- \a ʔiš- \va (is-, š-) \ps pre \ge DU \de dual argument prefix \ee Glossed as DU. \cf ʔišmekʔew̓ \ce eyebrow \cf ʔišʔon̓ \ce twin(s) \cf ištəhə \ce to measure on one’s hand; to measure against one’s hand \cf kiškə \ce first person dual ; we two; us two \cf matʔišʔon̓ \ce to give birth to twins \cf piškə \ce second person dual pronoun; you two \cf tipišnuxš \ce to be a snot-nosed brat; to be a pipsqueak \xv 1. lunes kuhuskumli lokakišʔiputš \xe 'Monday is the coming day of which we two spoke.' \xv 2. kay ʔan tšašulapit sukišʔuwlilo \xe 'he invited me to eat.' \xv 3. kikəpə ʔan tšišʔutałtəšiši \xe 'and now they are enemies of each.' \xv 4. ʔalaxuwəł ka puʔpu ʔan tsʔił ʔi šišʔap šimup, ʔišʔałluʔiwətšàš puʔpu ka ʔalaxuwəł \xe 'coyote and roadruinner had a house in a cave, and roadrunner and coyote were comrades.' \xv 5. šiʔišxʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'the two women.' \xv 6. siyʔixʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'the (three plus) women.' \sd prefixes \sd number \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.281.1, 3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx išałkəw \ps v \ge peck up \de to peck up \gn desgranar \dn desgranar \xv 1. kanawa sʔuwlilo ʔan tšaluškʔəy loʔišyəwəš kikatšišałkəw loʔkatsʔohóy kałʔiyunili heʔišyəwəš. \xe 'When he ate them up he moved his about, he pecked [them up] with his head.' \sd verbs \sd birds \sd food \lg TJPH \rf Roadrunner59-60/69.1089.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx išaw \ps v \ge warm, be \ge tolerably hot, be \de to be warm; to be tolerably hot \ee It seems that, for the most part, the word išaw is said of internal heat while apitsʔə is said of internal heat transferred from or caused by another source. This could explain the subtle differences in meaning in the examples for having a fever. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔališaw \pde to be warm.NZ; to be tolerably hot.NZ \cf ʔališawi \ce June (time of heat); summer \cf ʔišaw \ce sun; day \cf apitsʔə \ce to be (very) hot \cf isawus \ce to sweat \cf išawi \ce to be summer \cf susisawus \ce to make sweat \cf šišaw \ce to heat smth \cf šuxtišaw \ce to warm smth (not by means of a fire) \cf tšišawi \ce summer \cf uxtišaw \ce to be warm \xv 1. tšišaw hešikʔamaʔmə \xe 'I am warm' ; 'it warms my body.' \xv 2. tšišaw sikʔamamə \xe 'my body is hot (I have a fever).' \xv 3. tsapitsʔə hesikʔamamə \xe 'I have a fierce fever.' \sd stative \sd body \sd heat \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.285.3; 90.258.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx išawi \ps v \ge summer, be \de to be summer \mr [] \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \xv 1. neʔešišawi \xe 'it is already summer.' \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.108.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx išmax \ps v \ge throw at \de to throw at \cf ʔišmaxəʔəš \ce sling \cf šišmax \ce to throw at each other \xv 1. tšišmaxit \xe 'he threw at me (with a stone) from far off.' \xv 1. hukišmax huksunuwus ʔišolop \xe 'I am going to throw a dirt clod at you.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 90.758.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx išmotš \cf ʔišmotš \ce I. gathering; meeting II. to gather; to unite \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx išpakš \ps v \ge ?put together \ge ?count up \de ?to put together; ?to count up \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \xv 1. tswatixeni simaxatʔaməy kikasyət kišišpakš sitsiyeliku \xe 'the fiesta ended and somebody came and put together (counted up?) the beads.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 89.643.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx išpiwetš \a ispiwetš \va (ispiwetš) \ps v \ge charge \ge sell \de to charge; to sell \ee Note how this verb can be used to mean 'to sell' and 'to cost,' two rather distinct concepts in English. \mr išpuwen ‘to pay; to pay smn back’, piʔiw ‘to cost’, piwetš ‘to be costly’ [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔališpiwetš \pde to charge.NZ; to sell.NZ \xv 1. (si)nelahušaqtšum san diego, ʔan hušišpiwetš heʔisʔap \xe 'if he likes San Diego, he will sell his house here.' \xv 2. muhusʰunispiwetš \xe 'I am not going to sell anything.' \xv 3. kikakasəwsəwus saʔališpiwetš šaʔałhaputš, ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'and I asked a butcher (or 'was talking with a butcher'), and he said to me.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \sd economics \lg TJPH \rf 89.210.2 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx išpuwen \ps v \ge pay \ge pay smn back \de to pay; to pay smn back \cf ispuwe \ce to buy; to rent \cf išpiwetš \ce to charge; to sell \cf piʔiw \ce to cost \xv 1. lo ʔi šup kayu lišpuwenił \xe 'God will pay you it.' \xv 2. ʔulasaxiyepitwaš lokaałʔalaxiyepš ʔan lakəkš tseqe lokakalušiʔik kimukišpuwenušwaš kəwə musaxiyepitwaš \xe 'if the doctor had cured me he would have removed my pain, but I didn’t pay him because he didn’t cure me.' \sd verbs \sd economics \lg TJPH \rf 89.360.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ištanim̓u \ps n \ge sister-in-law (nine days of mourning after death of one’s wife) \de sister-in-law (nine days of mourning after death of one’s wife) \cf axəš \ce sister-in-law (wife’s sister after one’s wife dies) \cf xəš \ce sister-in-law \sd affinal \sd kinship \lg JPH \rf 72.282.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ištəhə \ps v \ge measure on one’s hand \ge measure against one’s hand \de to measure on one’s hand; to measure against one’s hand \ee An important, old expression. Shell money was wrapped around the hand and then cut after its length was determined. \mr [] \cf tə \ce I. name II. to be called; to be called by name; to name \xv 1. kištəhə saʔałtaqaš \xe 'I measure shell money on my hand.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.363.3 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx -it \rd -iʔit \a -ít \a -ìt \a -itʰ \a -ìtʰ \a -yit \va (-yit) \ps vsuf \ge 1S.OBJ \de first person singular object verbal suffix \ee Glossed as 1S.OBJ. \cf ʔiti \ce here \cf -tiʔiy \ce cislocative verbal suffix \xv 1. huštakʰuyit \xe 'he is going to have me (as a son).' \xv 2. tsʔatsʔəsinit \xe 'he shaved me.' \xv 3. tsmaxsunalit \xe 'he dragged me.' \xv 4. tštakšyəyənit \xe 'he pities me.' \xv 5. tsʰinaxkuhunit \xe 'he made me die from dream of dead.' \xv 6. tštawit \xe 'he gave it to me as a present.' \xv 7. tsamtawit poli \xe 'they gave me to Poli.' \xv 8. tsamtawit siqʔanwawaš \xe 'they gave me as a present to an old woman.' \xv 9. lašušʰo kisamtaktəlit \xe 'he let them fight me.' \xv 10. axakšit tsipin ʔałmóho ! \xe 'give me some candy!' \xv 11. lokakʔamiwu ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'my friend told me.' \xv 12. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tštaktəlit \xe 'this man hit me.' \xv 13. axakšit ʔapʔuxštu, ʔaloxmoy \xe 'give me some of your food lest you become deaf, stingy' (superstitious belief). \xv 14. ikšit lositsʔohoy hesałʔiti sutiyəʔət \xe 'give me the box that is on this side.' \xv 15. tšuliʔiš hesikʔoqwo kikasmaxsunalit \xe 'he grabbed me by the hair and dragged me.' \xv 16. kikakasewsewus saʔališpiwetš šaʔałhaputš, ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'and I asked a butcher (or 'was talking with a butcher') and he said to me.' \xv 17. tsnisiyułtulit ʔan tšnapiyetus, xaʔax sałnetuspiyit, kaypi kihuktaktə \xe 'she made me angry very much and therefore I am going to slay her.' \xv 18. ʔašnəm huptšoho hapšuqonšpiyit, kikšatiwənitš, kʰšatiwəš šaʔatʔaxatš saʔałmaliʔiʔi lasitpenit \xe 'when will you cease to make fun of me? I who got married to a man who does not think of me even the least.' \xv 19. ʔulasaxiyepitwaš lokaałʔalaxiyepš ʔan lakəkš tseqe lokakalušiʔik kimukišpuwenušwaš kəwə musaxiyepitwaš \xe 'if the doctor had cured me he would have removed my pain, but I didn’t pay him because he didn’t cure me.' \xv 20. tsaliwakʔayit \xe 'she lies on top of me' (original object was 'it'). \xv 21. no ʔan tsapitsʔə hesikʔamamə ʔan tsamsusisawusit \xe 'I was sick with fever and they made me sweat.' \xv 22. no ʔan hukałwa kəwə tsxononit lokakʰkawayu \xe 'I am going to kill him because he stole my horse.' \xv 23. no ʔan hukałwa lokaʔatʔaxatš kaʔałxononit lokakʰkawayu \xe 'I am going to kill the man who stole my horse.' \sd suffixes \sd vsuffixes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx itak \a itàkʰ \ps vprepd \ge heed \de to heed \ee Maybe a variant of itax ‘to hear’ or itaq ‘to understand (by hearing)’ \cf itaksə \ce to clarify smth; to get clarity for smth \xv 1. musamitakus \xe 'they paid no attention to his words.' \sd vprepounds \sd prepounds \sd cognition \sd senses \lg TJPH \rf 90.357.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itaksə \a itakʰsə̀ \ps v \ge get clarity for smth \ge clarify smth \de to clarify smth; to get clarity for smth \mr [] \cf itak \ce to heed \cf itaq \ce to understand (by hearing); by hearing \xv 1. nelukʔisalinetùs kihukiyitakʰsə̀ loʔkakiyaqʰnitoqʰlołkòy \xe 'how will we get clarity for our thoughts?' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg TJPH \rf 69.535/543.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx italiano \ps n \ge Italian \de Italian \mr [] \xv 1. mineti ʔan italiano \xe 'Mineta is Italian.' \sd borrowings \sd people \sd Spanish \rf 3.88.14.1 \dt 16/Jul/2019 \lx itaq \rd itaqtaq \a itaqʰ- \a itax \a itax- \va (itaq-, itax, itax-) \ps prepnd \ge by hearing \ge hearing, by \ge INSTR.hearing \de to understand (by hearing); by hearing \ee Glossed as INSTR.hearing when used as a prefix. \pd \pdl v \pdv itetetš \pde to understand (by hearing).IPFV; by hearing.IPFV \et *taq \ec Compare BOI ʼitaq ‘to hear,’ CRZ ma-taqʰ-wi ‘to understand’, INZ ʼitaq ‘to hear,’ OBI taqɨnɨ ‘to hear’ (Klar 1977: 127; Klar 1977: 92) \cf ʔalitaqkʰuy \ce to be important; to be famous \cf itak \ce to heed \cf itaksə \ce to clarify smth; to get clarity for smth \cf itaqyəw \ce to obey \cf itaxkumeʔeł \ce to understand (by hearing) \cf itaxsə \ce to understand \cf šitaqnəʔəpš \ce to interpret; to be an interpreter \xv 1. nipitaq ? \xe 'did you understand? did you hear?' \xv 2. nipitaq hešikʔałhašəʔəš \xe 'you do not understand my words' (what I talk). \xv 3. kasitax ʔi šuwatšə pakeʔet saʔałkʔot \xe 'he heard the yell of one of the broken one.' \xv 4. kitaqʰ ʔisasxələlə̀ sixšap \xe 'I look out, I hear a snake rattle.' \xv 5. tsaqʰtsʔum kʔùwe tsqeyepì ; musʰuwaqʰniʔìł mukiyitàqʰ \xe 'it [the bat] chirps and it is very weak; it is not clearly audible, we do not hear it.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx itaqtaq \ps v \ge understand (by hearing).REDUP \ge by hearing.REDUP \de to understand (by hearing).REDUP; by hearing.REDUP \cf itaq \ce to understand (by hearing); by hearing \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itaqyəw \ps v \ge obey \de to obey \mr [] \xv 1. tsitaqyəwus lokaskoko kilatšə ʔiskeʔep ʔišnaxšnaxyəʔət \xe 'obedient to her father she went to bathe every morning.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf Glutton152-153 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itata \ps v \ge pound \de to pound \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI itatan ‘to pound,’ INZ itatan ‘to beat; to pound’ (Whistler 1980: 11; SYBCI 2007: 155) \xv 1. kitata sinoqʔots lokawiwiłpimu \xe 'I pounded the iron on the place they always pound on [the anvil].' \xv 2. musiyiwex kin lasiyitata \xe 'they do not pound it up [in the mortar], therefore they just pound it [?elsewhere].' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg TJPH \rf 90.217.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itaxkumeʔeł \ps v \ge understand (by hearing) \de to understand (by hearing) \gn penetrar \dn penetrar \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumeʔeł \ce to move straight (to) \xv 1. loʔkaqunqunup kanawà siyitaxkumeʔeł loʔkašmiš kašmaqʰtunutš kakù \xe 'the boys when they had fathomed the cry of the half human.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \sd senses \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Daughter112 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itaxsə \a itaxsə̀ \ps v \ge understand \de to understand \mr [] \xv 1. yəlaʔa kitaxsə̀ loʔkałʔamipʰpi \xe 'I understood all that they told me.' \xv 2. tsiqisə loʔka_pon̓ waliʔiʔin siyitaxsə ʔipšteweł ʔaxipeneš lułʔisukitwo \xe 'they look at the log and soon they consider exactly how many tables they will extract from it.' \xv 3. kanawa sitaxsə yəlaʔa lokałnetpu, kikašišyət kašiškumuʔus lokalilikʔenpi kašišʰaʔaʔay \xe 'when he had heard the whole story they came and arrived at the place where their daughter was.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \sd body \lg TJPH \rf Coyo105-107 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx itete \ps v \ge pound \ge hammer \de to pound; to hammer \ee This verb does not mean 'to powder' \cf aqitetetš \ce to bruise oneself; to become bruised \xv 1. hukitete \xe 'I will grind something' (not ground into powder, just broken up). \xv 2. neʔešitetetš \xe 'it is already ground.' \xv 3. hukaqisə \xe 'I pounded it up to a fine powder.' \xv 4. tsʰapitsʔə lokasʔeqenmu, kinupan tsaqsumu niwašətš ʔan munašwašətš kišʰutapiniʔiy hesinə kikasitete \xe 'he heats the horseshoe and tries it on and if it does not yet fit well he heats it again and hammers it.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.18.2, 65.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itəmə \ps v \ge afraid, be \ge scared (timid), be \de to be afraid; to be scared (?timid) \ee No examples found. This may be related to itəwə ‘to be wild.’ \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI itʼimin ‘to be afraid; to be scared; to fear,’ CRZ itɨm̓ɨn ‘to be afraid,’ INZ itɨm̓in ‘to be fearful; to be timid,’ OBI timɨnʼi ‘(to be) wild’ (Whistler 1980: 11; Beeler & Klar 1977: 70; SYBCI 2007: 156; Klar 1977: 119) \mr [] \sy ʔałxuxa \cf oxonišpi \ce to be afraid of \sd verbs \sd stative \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.213.3, 248.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx itəwə \ps v \ge ?wild, be \de ?to be wild \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ itəwəʼ ‘(to be) wild,’ and OBI timɨnʼi ‘(to be) wild’ (Klar 1977: 119) \ee This may be related to itəmə ‘to be afraid; to be scared (?timid).’ \cf oxonišpi \ce to be afraid of \xv 1. kitəwə hesiʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I do not care to act as if I knew this man or recognize this man.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ititpe \ps v \ge alive, be \de to be alive \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan kititpe \xe 'I am alive.' \xv 2. lasxuyuw ʔišaqša, mušaqša, tsititpe \xe 'he is just making believe dead, he is not dead, he is alive.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.577.3-4 \dt 21/Sep/2018 \lx itiyep \ps v \ge tell (inform) \de to tell (inform) \xv 1. hałnawa šaqša, ʔan pitiyepit \xe 'when he dies, tell me.' \xv 2. lakʰan hałtšawša ʔan pitiyepit kihuknaʔał \xe 'in case he dies, tell me so that I can go.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg TJPH \rf 89.559.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itow \ps v \ge smoke, be \de to be smoke \et *tuwoʔ \ec Compare BOI tow̓ ‘smoke,’ INZ tow̓ ‘smoke,’ OBI (č)tuwoʼ ‘smoke,’ PUY atow̓ ‘smoke’ (Klar 1977: 108) \cf ʔitow \ce smoke \cf sitow \ce to smoke out \cf sitowitš \ce to make smoke \sd elements \sd heat \sd verbs \sd nature \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx -itpe- \ps vroot \ge alive, be \de be alive \ee Harrington notes that this is not a word on its own, but the root is evident in the causative form ͽsitpe ‘to heal smn.’ \cf ʔałʔałtsitpe \ce healer \cf ititpe \ce to be alive \cf itpeni \ce to be healed; to be recovered (from illness) \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itpen \a itpén \ph ɪtʰpɛn \ps v \ge remember \ge recall \de to remember; to recall \ee It is unclear how this word differs from aqnitpen in meaning. \cf aqnitpen \ce to remember smn/smth \cf sitpen \ce to remind \xv 1. neʔekitpen \xe 'I already remembered.' \xv 2. neʔekitpeni \xe 'I already remembered.' \xv 3. kisitʰpen lokasʔap kaloʔkaskoʔko \xe 'she remembered her house and her father.' \xv 4. kitpen lokanawaʔaʔaʔy ʔan tskumuswu šaʔaqšanəš lokatšotšonəʔəš \xe 'I remember that a long while ago the fishes got an epidemic.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.44.3, 577.3-4; Daughter42 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itpeni \ps v \ge healed, be \ge recovered (from illness), be \de to be healed; to be recovered (from illness) \mr [] \xv 1. neʔekitpeni \xe 'I am already healed.' \xv 2. neʔesitpeni lokasʔəwʔəwənəʔəš \xe 'he is already healed of the cuts.' \xv 3. kisisyikus saʔaxʔaxiyeʔep kuhusitpeni, kuhusikitwo šikumkumeʔeł \xe 'and they gave her medicines that she might recover.' \xv 4. neekwašətš, neekitpeni \xe 'I am well, I have recovered.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.554.1, 577.3, 733.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ituš \ps v \ge fart \ge spray (as a skunk does) \de to fart; to spray (as a skunk does) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv itušpi \pde to fart.APL.LOC; to spray (as a skunk does).APL.LOC \xv 1. yəlaʔa heʔisʔamamə ʔan tšʰošoy kaʔišituš ʔan tšuxš \xe 'his body is black and his wind breaking smells bad.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.763.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itʔaw \ps v \ge dazzled, be \de to be dazzled \cf ʔalitʔaw̓ \ce kelp bass \cf sitʔaw \ce to dazzle (with light) \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.217.3; 90.579.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx itʔexš \ps v \ge spread out, be \ge broad, be \de to be spread out; to be broad \ee Said of a broad spread of water flowing over a flattish bottom. \cf aputiyitʔexš \ce to flow broadly \xv 1. tšitʔexš lokoʔo \xe 'the water is spread out as in a shallow river.' \xv 2. tšaputiʔišmotš kilotanimaha ʔan tšaputiyitʔexš \xe 'the water runs all together and further down the stream it is calmer.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg TJPH \rf 89.341.2, 4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx itʔo \ps v \ge munch \de to munch \xv 1. no ʔan kitʔo sipinoli \xe 'I munched a dry handful of pinole.' \sd food \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 90.373.4 \dt 08/Sep/2018 \lx itʔomomo \ps v \ge hit (?with one’s fists) \de to hit (?with one’s fists) \xv 1. hukitʔomomo loʔiskəw \xe 'I am going to hit him with my fist in his chest.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg TJPH \rf 89.719.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itsikuw \ps v \ge have boils \ge boils, have \ge have ingrown hairs \ge ingrown hairs, have \de ?to have boils; ?to have ingrown hairs \cf aqʔus \ce to have sores \cf yułkitwo \ce to have acne; to have pimples \xv 1. no ʔan kitsikuw \xe 'I have boils.' \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.121.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx itsitsʔa \ps v \ge play (in) \de to play (in) \cf itsʔaw \ce to play with \xv 1. tsiyitsitsʔa losiqasqas \xe 'the children are playing on the sand (beach).' \sd verbs \sd common \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.97.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itsqutinhət \ps n \ge forehead strap \de forehead strap \ee Note the translation in example 2. It cannot be accounted for and may be an error. \mr [] \xv 1. kitsqutinhət \xe 'my forehead strap.' \xv 2. kapitsqutinhət \xe 'it is your forehead strap.' \sd culture \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.255.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itsuktsuk \ps v \ge prick repeadedly \ge tattoo \de to prick repeatedly; to tattoo \mr [] \cf itsuq \ce to poke a hole in smth \xv 1. kitsuktsuk \xe 'I prick' (tatoo with needle repeatedly). \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.572.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itsuq \rd itsuktsuk \ps v \ge poke a hole in smth \de to poke a hole in smth \cf itsuktsuk \ce to prick repeatedly; to tattoo \xv 1. kitsuq \xe 'I make a hole with my awl (in making basket).' \sd verbs \sd basketry \rf 81.257.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itsʔałxaʔax \ps n \ge thumb \de thumb \mr [] \cf xaʔax \ce to be big; to be fat; to be large; to be thick \xv 1. hesikitsʔałxaʔax \xe 'my thumb.' \xv 2. hesipitsʔałxaʔax \xe 'thy thumb.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.274.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itsʔanmitʔi \ps n \ge pinky \ge little finger \de pinky; little finger \mr [] \cf mitʔi \ce to be small; to be young; to be small in quantity or intensity \xv 1. kitsʔanmitʔi \xe 'my little finger.' \xv 2. hesipitsʔanmitʔi \xe 'thy little finger.' \sd anatomy \lg TJPH \rf 91.276.3 \dt 22/Jun/2019 \lx itsʔaw \ps vt \ge play with \de to play with \cf ʔałtsuyitsʔa \ce imp; mischievious one \cf itsitsʔa \ce to play (in) \cf kasiyʔitsʔanmu \ce playground \cf matitsʔa \ce to play with playthings (childhood toys) \cf suyitsʔa \ce to want to play \xv 1. no ʔan kitsʔawuswu lokakʰqonqonəʔəš \xe 'I am playing with my plaything.' \sd verbs \sd gaming \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.110.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itsʔele \ps n \ge clitoris \de clitoris \et *Cele ~ Cʔele \ec Compare INZ ic’ele ‘clitoris,’ OBI čʰele ‘clitoris’ (Klar 1977: 76) \mr [] \cf ʔeł \ce necklace \sd anatomy \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx itsʔutinhət \ps n \ge wood carrying headband \ge headband, wood carrying \de wood carrying headband \ee Note example 6, which has no ͽi between ͽka- and the root. This may be a typographical error. \xv 1. hesikitsʔutinhət \xe 'my band for gathering wood.' \xv 2. lokasitsʔutinhət \xe 'his wood-carrying band.' \xv 3. lokasiyitsʔutinhət \xe 'their wood-carrying band.' \xv 4. ʔaskusʰin hesitsʔutinhət \xe 'whose is this wood carrying band?' \xv 5. tšnoqnoqš hekakitsʔutinhət \xe 'my wood carrying band is all broken.' \xv 6. lokatsʔutinhət \xe 'that wood gathreing band.' \sd culture \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 91.291.4-292.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itš- \a its- \va (its-) \ps vpre \ge ASSOC \ge associative prefix \de associative prefix \ee This prefix is found in words where there is a close association between one thing and another. Glossed as ASSOC. \cf ʔeł \ce necklace \cf ʔitškuhu \ce to defend smn; to help smn fight \cf alitšwe \ce to have sex with; to fornicate with \cf ?istukun \ce knee \cf itsqutinhət \ce forehead strap \cf itsʔałxaʔax \ce thumb \cf itsʔanmitʔi \ce pinky; little finger \cf itsʔele \ce clitoris \cf ?itšyułtʔuł \ce to be mad at \cf itšʔemetšeš \ce to be the enemy of \cf ?watistukunpi \ce to bump one's knee against \sd body \sd prefixes \sd nprefixes \sd instrumentals \lg JPH; SW \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -itš \cf -Vtš \ce property verbalizing suffix \sd variations \dt 15/Apr/2018 \lx itšitšʔiʔitš \ps n \ge sibling, younger.REDUP \ge brother, younger.REDUP \ge sister, younger.REDUP \de younger sibling.REDUP \cf itšʔitš \ce younger sibling \sd reduplications \dt 15/Apr/2018 \lx itšyułtʔuł \ps v \ge mad at, be \de to be mad at \mr [] \cf yułtʔuł \ce to be angry \xv 1. no ʔan kitšyułtʔuł \xe 'I am mad at him.' \xv 2. pi ʔan pitšyułtʔulit \xe 'you are angry at me.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.406.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itšʔemetšeš \ps v \ge enemy of, be the \de to be the enemy of \mr [] \cf ʔemetšeš \ce soldier; warrior; war \xv 1. lokafranses ʔan tšiyitšʔemetšešwu lokaʔaleman \xe 'the French are enemies of the Germans.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \lg TJPH \rf 91.511.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itšʔitš \rd itšitšʔiʔitš \ps n \ge sibling, younger \ge brother, younger \ge sister, younger \de younger sibling \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ičʼič ‘younger sibling,’ OBI cʼisiʼ ‘younger sister’ (Whistler 1980: 80; Klar 19--a: 58) \ee Note the special vocative form ͽtšʔitš ‘younger sibling!’ \xv 1. lokapitšʔitš \xe 'your younger brother or sister.' \xv 2. lokasiyitšʔitš \xe 'their younger brother [or sister]. \xv 3. lokašišitšʔitš \xe 'the younger brother of them two.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 72.232.3-235.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx iwa- \a iwi- \va (iwi-) \ps vpre \ge of sudden motion from \ge sudden motion from, of \ge INSTR.sudden \de of sudden motion from \ee Glossed as INSTR.sudden. \cf ʔaliwałqlay \ce salamander larva; newt \cf iwałnapay \ce to spring out of the water onto the ground \cf iwałqlay \ce to be smooth \cf iwałtapi \ce to come into from out of \cf iwałtə \ce to chase smth out \cf iwałtšaqša \ce to be sad at heart; to be dead tired \cf iwałyam \ce to slide down \cf iwanaʔał \ce to go fast \cf iwaxikpi \ce to touch smth on (smth else) \cf iwaxułhek \ce to cause one to have an outburst of joy \cf iwayət \ce to drive; to chase; to heard \cf iwiʔišmotš \ce to gather incidentally (or suddenly?) \cf iwołxoyoyo \ce to begin to fly \cf siwałkitwo \ce to throw out \cf siwałnapay \ce to seize something in the water and throw it on the ground \cf siwałqlay \ce to make smooth \cf siwałtapi \ce to throw on/in \cf siwałyam \ce to throw smth down \cf šiwałqlayəʔəš \ce smoothing instrument \cf šiwałyam \ce to throw over \cf šiwełmešeʔeš \ce shuttle (for weaving) \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwakan \ps v \ge envy \ge jealous of, be \de to envy; to be jealous of \gn envidia, tener \dn tener envidia \ee At least the nominalized form of this verb was archaic at the time Harrington recorded it. The nominalized form ͽʔałʔalaxʔutʔu was the common way to indicate that someone was 'an envier.' \cf aqtšum \ce to like; to take a liking to \xv 1. no ʔan kiwakan \xe 'I envy' or 'I am envious.' \xv 2. tštaʔaw, musʔił ʔaliwakan \xe 'he gave something away as a present, he is not an envier.' \xv 3. no ʔan kiwakanus lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am envious of that man.' \xv 4. kʔałʔalaxʔutʔu \xe 'I am a envier.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.106, 220.1 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx iwalawakʔay \ps v \ge fall from \de to fall from \mr [] \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \cf walawakʔay \ce to get on and off of quickly \xv 1. kiwalawakʔay hesikaxon \xe 'I fell down from above on top of the box.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.588.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iwałnapay \ps v \ge spring out of the water onto the ground \de to spring out of the water onto the ground \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \cf siwałnapay \ce to seize something in the water and throw it on the ground \xv 1. kiwałnapay \xe 'I quickly sprang or moved up out of the water to the land.' \xv 2. huksuwałnapay \xe 'I seize a fish [or anything] in the water with my hands and throw it up out of the water on the land.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.579.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iwałqlay \a iwałqʰlay \ps v \ge smooth, be \de to be smooth \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaliwałqlay \pde to be smooth.NZ \cf ʔaliwałqlay \ce salamander larva; newt \cf siwałqlay \ce to make smooth \cf šiwałqlayəʔəš \ce smoothing instrument \xv 1. ʔaliwałqlay \xe 'something smooth.' \xv 1. tsiwałqlay heʔispax \xe 'he had very smooth skin.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 3.88.19.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx iwałtapi \ps v \ge come into from out of \de to come into from out of \mr [] \cf siwałtapi \ce to throw on/in \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. naštəʔəʔə tsiyət kitsiyiwałtapi ʔišə \xe 'while they were coming they fell into a ravine.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.579.3; Coyo11 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwałtə \a iwałtə̀ \ps v \ge chase smth out \de to chase smth out \mr [] \cf tə \ce I. name II. to be called; to be called by name; to name \xv 1. iwałtə heʔištəʔəniwaš ! \xe 'chase this dog!' \xv 2. iwałtə kuhuskitwo (Ϟor kuskitwo) hemitəpə ! \xe 'chase this dog that he goes out of here!' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH \rf 88.28 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx iwałtšaqša \a iwałtšaqšà \ps v \ge sad at heart, be \ge dead tired, be \ge tired, be dead \de to be sad at heart; to be dead tired \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \xv 1. neʔesməkəʔə ʔišnaʔał kišiwałtšaqša \xe 'she went slowly, sad at heart.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg TJPH \rf Glutton112 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwałyam \ps v \ge slide down \de to slide down \mr [] \cf šiwałyam \ce to throw over \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kasʔip pakeʔet, “kiyiwałyam” \xe ' one said, “we have slid down.” ' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg TJPH \rf Coyo23-24 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx iwanaʔał \ps v \ge go fast \de to go fast \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.125.1; 94.347.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iwan̓ \ps n \ge niece-in-law (brother's son's wife) \de niece-in-law (brother's son's wife) \cf šaʔay̓ \ce daughter; niece \sd kinship \sd affinal \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.260-265 \dt 15/Apr/2018 \lx -iwaš \a -uwaš \va (-uwaš) \ps nsuf \ge DEPR \ge depreviative noun suffix \de depreciative noun suffix \ee This suffix indicates that something is old, late, useless, and or ‘ex’ in nature. Some words are lexicalized with this suffix: ͽʔaʔawaš, ͽpakəwaš, ͽqʔanwawaš, ͽtštəʔəniwaš, etc. Glossed as DEPR. \mr [<-i (ϡcplvϡ) + -waš (ϡpstϡ)>] \pd ʑ \pdl nsuf \pdv -iwats \pde DEPR.DIM \pdl nsuf \pdv -watš \pde DEPR.DIM \cf -i \ce completive verbal suffix \cf ʔaʔawaš \ce crow \cf mitʔiyiwats \ce to be very small \cf pakəwaš \ce old man \cf qʔanwawaš \ce old woman \cf tštəʔəniwaš \ce dog; pet dog \cf -waš \ce past tense suffix \sd suffixes \sd nsuffixes \lg TJPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4; 94.385.1-3, 386.1-387.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwaxikpi \ps v \ge touch smth on (smth else) \de to touch smth on (smth else) \mr [] \cf axiʔik \ce to touch lightly \xv 1. kiwaxikpi sipon̓ \xe 'I just touch it with a stick.' \sd verbs \sd senses \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iwaxułhek \ps v \ge cause one to have an outburst of joy \ge outburst of joy, cause one to have an \ge joy, cause one to have an outburst of \de to cause one to have an outburst of joy \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan tsiwaxułhekitʰ \xe 'I have an outburst of joy.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg TJPH \rf 71.450.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iwayət \ps v \ge drive \ge chase \ge heard \de to drive; to chase; to heard \mr [] \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. kitsiyiwayətwu loʔkaʔalušʔexš kaʔo \xe 'they drove them into shallow water.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg TJPH \rf Weir2A \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwex \ps v \ge pound up \de to pound up \et ɕ \ec Compare CRZ iweq ‘to pound’ (Beeler & Klar 1977: 112) \sy səpət \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv iwexš \pde to pound up.IPFV \cf ʔiwexeš \ce smth crushed \cf ʔiwexšmu \ce place where smth is pounded \cf iwexeʔeš \ce stone held in hand when pounding up dried meat \xv 1. kiwex \xe 'I pound it up.' \xv 2. musiyiwex kin lasiyitata \xe 'they do not pound it up [in the mortar], therefore they just pound it [?elsewhere].' \sd verbs \sd food \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx iwexeʔeš \ps n \ge stone held in hand when pounding up dried meat \de stone held in hand when pounding up dried meat \mr [] \cf iwex \ce to pound up \sd tools \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.612.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx -iwə- \ps vroot \ge related to relationships \de related to relationships \cf ʔaliwə \ce relative \cf ʔaliwən \ce to be a brother or sister (?relative) to smn \cf ʔaqškʔutiwə \ce friend \cf ʔaqškʔutiwəš \ce to play with (smn or smth) \cf ʔiwə \ce countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \cf aktiwəš \ce to come and visit \cf aqskʔutiwə \ce friend \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \cf iwištu \ce to accompany smn \cf qatʔiwəš \ce to lay together side by side; to fasten together side by side \cf quliwəš \ce to stencil \cf suyašatiwənitš \ce to want to be married \cf šatiwə \ce spouse \cf šatiwənitš \ce to be married \cf šatiwəš \ce to marry smn \cf šiwəš \ce to accompany \cf tiwəš \ce to be with; to live with \sd vroots \sd roots \sd kinship \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwəʔəš \a iwəš \a iwiš \va (iwəš, iwəš-, iwiš-) \ps v \ge accompany \ge go be with \ge return to \ge have sex with (?idiomatic) \de to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \ee It is unclear how this differs from the causative form: šiwəš. \mr [] \cf ʔiwə \ce countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \cf aktiwəš \ce to come and visit \cf aqskʔutiwə \ce friend \cf iwištu \ce to accompany smn \cf qatʔiwəš \ce to lay together side by side; to fasten together side by side \cf šiwəš \ce to accompany \cf tiwəš \ce to be with; to live with \xv 1. hukiwəʔəš \xe 'I am going to go with him.' \xv 2. hukiwəšił \xe 'I go along with you.' \xv 3. hukiwəšiʔił \xe 'I am going to accompany you.' \xv 4. hukiwəʔəš \xe 'I am going to go with him' (cannot add ͽ-us). \xv 5. kšiwəš \xe 'they two went with him.' \xv 6. hukšiwəšił \xe 'we two are going to go with you.' \xv 7. hukiyiwəšił \xe 'we three plus will accompany you.' \xv 8. kikəpə ʔan hukiwəʔəš lokakʰkoko \xe 'now I am going home to my father.' \xv 9. no ʔan hukiwəš xwan kuhukišnaʔał lokasʔap \xe 'I will accompany Juan to his house.' \xv 10. kałwašətš hupsunikʔoli kihušiwəʔəš lokaskoko \xe 'it is a good plan to return her to her father.' \xv 11. ʔalałpay, kihusikʔumiyi latšə, hušiyʔiwəʔəš lyos, kəwə tsiyeqnekenpi lokašašʰunatš lyos \xe 'to Heaven to enjoy God forever, because they kept his holy commandments.' \xv 12. ki pi, muhupiwišitu, kišʰinʔin siʔixpanəš \xe 'and you, do you not want to go with me? we two will go acorning.' \xv 13. tsʔipus lokašʰatiwə, “mupʔałxuxa, kanawa huskumi ʔan pʔipus, ‘hukiwišił,’ ipus ‘munakalaqwaʔay,’ kihustapi” \xe 'his wife said to him, "don’t be a coward, when he arrives tell him, ‘I will go along with you,’ tell him, ‘I am not yet ready,’ ask him to come inside.' " \xv 14. kiwəʔəš loʔkaxʔanwa \xe 'I fucked a woman.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.102.1, 614.1-3, 615.3-616.3; 92.463.1; Devil11 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwəł \ps v \ge kill (?by shooting) \de to kill (?by shooting) \xv 1. tsamsinayus tskúmu sipon̓ loʔistəq siya kuhusiwəł šitšwiw \xe 'they have put four sticks on the end of the arrow, that it may kill birds.' \sd lifecycle \sd hunting \sd verbs \rf 81.249.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwələlə \ps v \ge vibrate \ge shake \de to vibrate; to shake \xv 1. tsiwələlə loʔkapon̓ \xe 'one stick vibrates.' \sd culture \sd religion \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 69.945.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwəš(-) \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwəwə \ps v \ge quiver \ge palpitate \de to quiver; to palpitate \ee Harrington notes that this word describes a feeling associated with exhilaration, anticipation, and uncertainty such as a girl might have before going to a dance.v \mr [] \cf naqiwəwə \ce to carry while swimming \cf sutixutiwəwə \ce to be in a hurry; to cause to be in a hurry \cf uniwəwə \ce to dance at night (a specific dance) \xv 1. tsiwəwə hešikpoš \xe 'my heart is startled/exicted/exhilarated.' \sd emotions \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 89.617.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwiʔišmotš \ps v \ge gather incidentally (or suddenly?) \de to gather incidentally (or suddenly?) \mr [] \cf ʔismo \ce to take together in a group \cf ʔišmotš \ce I. gathering; meeting II. to gather; to unite \xv 1. saʔalaxəwəł ʔan mulatšə šiʔišmotš - latšʔilitš kisiyiwiʔišmotš \xe 'the coyote does not run in packs – only sometimes they they get together.' \sd verbs \sd number \lg TJPH \rf 92.636.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx iwinetšeš \ps v \ge crowned with, be \de to be crowned with \xv 1. loʔkaxšap ʔan tsaqʰləw̓ə̀ loʔkaʔantimenkeyeyé kasaqutiple loʔkaʔantimenkeyeye. kisuwelewele heʔišyəwəš kiswewèkʰ heʔisʔamə kalokatspax lokaxšap kikaskitwò \xe 'the rattlesnake swallows the horned lizard and the horned lizard is finished. then he [the horned lizard] shakes his head, he tears his the snake's flesh and skin and exits.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd reptiles \lg JPH \rf 71.255.2-256.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx iwiš \ps v \ge accompany \ge go with \de to accompany; to go with \xv 1. ki pi, muhupiwišitu, kišʰinʔin siʔixpanəš \xe 'and you, do you not want to go with me? we two will go acorning.' \xv 2. tsʔipus lokašʰatiwə, “mupʔałxuxa, kanawa huskumi ʔan pʔipus, ‘hukiwišił,’ ipus ‘munakalaqwaʔay,’ kihustapi” \xe 'his wife said to him, "don’t be a coward, when he arrives tell him, ‘I will go along with you,’ tell him, ‘I am not yet ready,’ ask him to come inside.' " \sd common \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 92.463.1; Devil11 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwiš- \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwištu \ps v \ge accompany smn \de to accompany smn \ee Said of one person accompanying another. Word appears to be a compound. \mr [] \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \xv 1. ki pi, muhupiwišitu ? kišʰinʔin siʔixpanəš \xe 'and you, do you not want to go with me? we two will go acorning.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 92.463.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx iwit \rd iwitwit \ps v \ge bark \de to bark \xv 1. tsiwitwit hesikʰqo \xe 'my dog is barking.' \xv 2. tsiwitwitus hesikʰqo ʔalaʔasku \xe 'my dog is barking at somebody.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.618.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx iwitwit \ps v \ge bark.REDUP \de to bark.REDUP \cf iwit \ce to bark \sd reduplications \dt 26/Jun/2011 \lx iwokoʔok \ps n \ge ball, shinney \ge shinney ball \de shinney ball \cf tiqawitš \ce to play shinney (piaque) \xv 1. kʔwəp lokakiwokoʔok \xe 'I hit the shinny ball.' \sd gaming \lg JPH \rf 89.618.2-619.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwołxoyoyo \ps v \ge begin to fly \de to begin to fly \ee Said only of the flight of young birds when they can fly only a little. \mr [] \cf xoyoyo \ce to fly \xv 1. tsiwołxoyoyo \xe 'he is beginning to fly.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.619.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iwon \a iwòn \rd iwonwon \ps v \ge sound \ge groan \ge bray \ge crow \ge moo \ge howl \ge croak \ge sing (said of birds) \de to sound; to make chirping noises; to groan; to bray; to crow; to moo; to howl; to croak; to sing (said of birds) \ee In reference to chirping, this word can denote to the sound that a boy makes when making barley. \cf ʔiwontštəʔəš \ce sound \cf axiwon \ce to grunt \cf nəw \ce to sing \cf siwon \ce to sound; to play \cf utiwon \ce to sob \xv 1. tsiwon \xe 'it sounds.' \xv 2. tsiyiwon \xe 'they 3 sound.' \xv 3. tsiwon siwaka \xe 'the cow moos.' \xv 4. tsiyiwon sixwetet \xe 'the frogs are croaking.' \xv 5. tsiwonwon siwulu \xe 'the donkey brays.' \xv 6. tsiwonwon loʔkatšwiw \xe 'that bird is singing.' \xv 7. tsaqtsum lokamakał \xe 'the bat chirps.' \xv 8. hesikʰtsʔiwis ʔan tsiwon \xe 'my rattle sounds.' \xv 9. kisiyiwonwon sinunaxyəʔət \xe 'the mosquitoes sing all night long.' \xv 10. munasuyanaxyət kisiyiwon lokaʔəqəy \xe 'the chickens sing early.' \xv 11. ʔan tsʰuninaxyəʔəʔət kisiwon lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'very early the cock crows.' \xv 12. tšiyalušluškʔəy kika sixołxonowo, kikasiwonwon \xe 'they writh, jump, and groan' (said of fishes). \xv 13. tsisuwaxaʔax ʔisiyiwon lokaməy, tšiyalułkuwitš ʔisiyiwon \xe 'the wolves had a low-pitched resonant sound, they gave fear.' \xv 14. kʰan ʔisalilikʔe ʔan lokałpakeʔet kasʔəł ʔan tswatwatitiwekey lokatsʔohoy kasʔəł kikasiwon \xe 'when he sits he rubs one leg against the other and thus sings.' \xv 15. tsiwon loʔišpoš kitsuwaqʰniʔił \xe 'its heart sounds and one hears it.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.105, 619.3-624.1; 94.375.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ixaʔaš \ps v \ge echo \ge resound \de to echo; to resound \ee This verb cannot be used in the first person. \xv 1. tšixaʔaš losimaha \xe 'the canyon resounds or echoes.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 92.662.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ixip \a ixipʰ \ps vt \ge win \ge earn \de to win; to earn \ee This verb is used in the sense to win against someone, and also in the sense to win money, such as money in a bank that accumulates interest. English does not permit a transitive use of 'win' in the sense that Ventureño does here. \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ixipš \pde to win.IPFV; to earn.IPFV \xv 1. ʔula muʔəhə hałtsʔixip, ʔan ʔəwəlasməkənli hałtšpelonušaʔaš \xe 'if he did not earn a lot, he would not go so far to shear.' \xv 2. kʰan tsipsinay lokapʔałtšum losiwanku ʔan tsʔił ʔisixip lokapʔałtšum \xe 'if you put your money in the bank it brings interest.' \xv 3. musʔił ʔalixipit \xe 'no one knows better than I' (lit., 'there is no one that can win [against] me'). \xv 4. munasixipš \xe 'it is not finished yet.' \xv 5. néésíxípš \xe 'it is finished.' \sd verbs \sd phrases \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 81.72.4; 90.348.4; 91.50.1; Daughter56 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ixmay \ps vt \ge faint, cause to \ge cause to faint \de to cause to faint \mr [] \cf axtanikʔoyi \ce to revive; to come to after a faint \cf axtaxʔuyi \ce to come to after a faint \cf kinanikʔoyi \ce to resurrect from the dead \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. tsixmayit \xe 'I fainted.' \xv 2. lokaxʔanwa ʔan tsixmayus \xe 'the woman fainted away.' \xv 3. ʔalahusixmayit \xe 'maybe I am going to faint.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd common \sd health \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.410.3 \dt 11/Nov/2018 \lx ixpanəš \cf ʔixpanəš \ce acorn \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ixsma \ps n \ge sleep seed \ge rheum \de sleep seed; rheum \xv 1. tskitwo hesikixsma \xe 'the sleepseed comes in my eyes.' \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.731.3 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ixšilili \ps v \ge screech \de to screech \cf apixšilili \ce to hiss from heat \cf šixšilili \ce to shake back and forth \xv 1. lokaslow̓ ʔan tšixšililì \xe 'the eagle screeches.' \xv 2. tšixšilìli \xe '(the lard) in frying pan hisses.' \sd verbs \sd birds \sd animals \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.581.2 \dt 08/Sep/2018 \lx ixut \a ixút \ps v \ge burn \de to burn \et *qi/ut \ec Compare BOI ʼixut ‘to burn,’ INZ ixut ‘to burn,’ OBI qu ‘to burn,’ PUY ex̂utu̥ ‘to burn’ (Klar 1977: 73-74; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.2) \cf sixut \ce to make burn \xv 1. hesipinoli ʔan tsixut kaypi ʔan šʰošoy \xe 'this pinole is burnt, and therefore it is dark.' \xv 2. ixut ʔi šup \xe 'equinoxial storm.' \xv 3. tsixut saʔap \xe 'a house burned.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd elements \sd food \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 81.120.4; 94.360.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ixwalilik \ps v \ge mottled, be \ge variegated, be \ge iridescent, be \de to be mottled; to be variegated; to be iridescent \cf sixwalilik \ce to mottle \xv 1. tsixwalilikʰ heʔismətʰ \xe 'its back is variegated or iridescent.' \sd verbs \sd colors \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 90.576.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ixwap \a ixwàp \a ixwáp \ps v \ge burn \ge scald \de to burn; to scald \sy sixut \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalixwapwaš \pde to burn.NZ.PST; to scald.NZ.PST \cf sixwap \ce to burn up \cf šixwapš \ce to brand \xv 1. tsixwapit šiʔišaw \xe 'I got sunburnt' (lit., the sun burned me). \xv 2. hukixwap hesikʔəł \xe 'I am going to scald/burn my feet.' \xv 3. xwetét ʔan musixwàp \xe 'Frog did not burn up.' \xv 4. tsisuyatikumus lokašukupinaʔaš kinela siyixwap \xe 'it comes near the light and at last gets burnt.' \xv 5. no ʔan kixwap hesikpu \xe 'I burn my hand.' \xv 6. ʔalixwapwaš \xe 'someone/something that has been burned' (cannot be said of inanimate things). \sd verbs \sd common \sd senses \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 81.120.4; 89.331.4, 334.2; 91.689.3; Travles87 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ixwatata \ps v \ge tremble \ge vibrate \ge shiver \de to tremble; to vibrate; to shiver \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ixwatatan ‘to shiver,’ INZ ixwatatan ‘to shiver; to tremble’ (Whistler 1980: 12; SYBCI 2007: 162) \xv 1. tsxoyoyo tštitapʰwu sipawapàw kaypi kiskowokowonlì ʔisxoyoyo ka ʔisixwatatà loʔisxoyòyò loʔkamakàł \xe 'it flies persuing flies, therefore it flies from side to side and the bat’s flight is tremulous.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd motion \lg TJPH \rf 71.709.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ixweteqpeyus \ps v \ge imitate \de to imitate \mr [] \cf ʔixweteqpeyeš \ce imitation \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \xv 1. kixweteqpeyus ʔisʔamamə ka tomoł loʔkasaliwotoqloʔop \xe 'I imitate the form of a canoe (in working the keel, which is bottom up.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa loʔkaʔalinetpi katomoł ʔan kayułʔamʔixweteqpeyus \xe 'all the form of a tomoł they imitate (follow) it.' \sd tomol \lg TJPH \rf Tomol74, 106 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ixyapapa \ps v \ge foam \ge froth \de to froth; to foam \cf sixyapapa \ce to make froth; to make foam \xv 1. tsixyapapa \xe 'it froths.' \xv 2. tsiyapapa soʔo \xe 'the water foams.' \xv 3. losiʔikmen ʔan tsixyapapa \xe 'the wave foams.' \xv 4. tsixyapapa heʔisʔəkʰ \xe 'his mouth foams.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd water \sd nature \sd ocean \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 81.25.1, 30.4, 119.3; 90.572.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ixʔos \ps n \ge testicle(s) \de testicle(s) \sy meš \xv 1. sikixʔos \xe 'my testicles.' \xv 2. huktiyaxaxanpi hesinə kuhušuxtišaw hesikixʔos \xe 'I am going to put myself astraddle the fire to heat up my testicles.' \sd anatomy \rf Misc notes NAA-03; 88.18.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iy- \a i- \a iʔy- \va (i-1) \ps pre \ge PL \de plural number prefix \ee Glossed as PL. \cf kikə \ce first person plural; we three or more; us three or more \cf pikə \ce second person plural pronoun; you three or more \xv 1. tsiyastipił \xe 'they three plus are thick.' \xv 2. tsisastipił \xe 'they two are thick.' \xv 3. tsisuskuyus \xe 'they showed him.' \xv 4.tsiyamli \xe 'they go down hill.' \xv 5. tsixoyoxoyo \xe 'they are flying every which way.' \xv 6. tšiyunexmeš \xe 'they are already losing hope.' \xv 7. tšiyikumeqteleletš \xe 'they go in file one behind the other.' \xv 8. tšiyuškikašpi sipon̓ \xe 'they scratch themselves with a stick.' \xv 9. kʰan ʔišiyulišwu soʔonyoko \xe 'when they catch sharks.' \xv 10. tšiyʔuwš sinawa siyułtʔuł \xe 'they sting people when they are angry.' \xv 11. kisitiyepus loʔkašiwopowaš \xe 'they told their grandfather.' \xv 12. mušiyušʰolit hałlahukiliklikʔe \xe 'they don’t let you sit down in peace.' \xv 13. ʔapi nitšiyutʔuxš hałtšaqšanutš sikawauy \xe 'to see if they can smell the dead horse.' \xv 14. tšiyalušluškʔəy kika sixołxonowo, kikasiwonwon \xe 'they writhe, jump, and groan' (said of fishes). \xv 15. hesikawkawiyaʔa ʔan tsiyimey heʔisiyəwyəwəʔəš ʔisewu \xe 'the kawiya stroke their heads with grease.' \xv 16. nelusiyeqe lokasiyenhes hašiwašwašətš kanawa tšiyaqša heʔišiʔamamə? \xe 'where will the spirits of the good go to when their bodies die?' \xv 17. no ʔan musiyʔuwit hałtštep, payikʔula ʔəhə hałtštep lokaxayanəš ʔan musiyʔuwit \xe 'fleas don’t bite me, no matter how fleay the bed is they don’t bite me.' \xv 18. latšə ʔišiyuliʔiš, šaʔaliyaš, musʔił ʔiʔaloxonišpi, mitʔi ʔiʔaliyaš ʔan latšə ʔisiyutiyəkli \xe 'mules always take the road, they fear nothing, and even if the trail is only a narrow trail they always stick to it.' \xv 19. kaliyuqtiyəʔəʔəw lokasewu, kilokaʔałhaputš musiyuqtiyew, husiyeqweł sixawon husisunuwus \xe 'they needed the tallow, but did not miss the meat much, they made soap of the tallow.' \xv 20. neʔešiyušʰowunwaš lokašiyʔapʰanəšmuʔu, yəlaʔa hesikuhkuʔu kineʔemusʔił hałku hešaʔapʔapʰanəšmuʔu \xe 'they had left their villages, there were no people.' \xv 21. tsisuwayopuswu lokapałpaliʔi neʔesisuyakitwo kuhusisinay ʔisilanlantšuʔu, kuhusisinayšaʔałhaputš kasikawayu \xe 'they begged permission from the priests that they wanted to leave and establish farms and have cattle and horses.' \xv 22. tsʔił ʔišiyušqaləʔəš pon̓ ʔiqwe kasila ʔisʰapsiwə tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔkasiyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyuqał \xe 'they have their wedges of toyon wood or deerhorn, and they open or split the palo according to their desire using the wedges.' \xv 23. hesitolu ʔan tsʔił tšaʔxliyaš ʔan tsxmen lokašə kika musiyam kəwə tšʰəhətš, tsʔił sikuw̓, ʔan tsiyołkʔoli kika siyuliʔiš lokaʔaliyaš \xe 'at El Toro was a road and the bank and they did not go down that place for it was steep. there was liveoak, and they turned out around it and got the road again.' \xv 24. ʔiʔaluštałnaʔał \xe 'they are attending to a sick person.' \xv 25. kanawa siyʔaləhəy \xe 'when they grow up.' \xv 26. ʔamʔałkuyam \xe 'many are on horseback.' \xv 27. ʔiʔałkuyam \xe 'they are on horseback' (similar in meaning to above). \xv 28. tšitows siyʔiyalaqmunetš \xe 'they bite, they are zealous.' \xv 29. tsiyʔipuswu lokaʔiyʔałʔalutʔawš \xe 'they said to the hunters.' \xv 30. musʔił lułʔiyuštʔey lakəkš susiyʔuwlilo \xe 'they have nothing to do but eat all day.' \xv 31. tsalumulit ʔan tsʔipit kʰan pqisənwu hałʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš ʔan mupwatinowo ʔapitaq hałʔiyʔałʔipʔipʰpi \xe 'my grandmother counseled me not to suddenly stand by a bunch of men to listen what they are talking about.' \xv 32. loʔkatšumàš ʔan tšiyuštewè šuʔuxpaʔàš, kiloʔkaʔiʔatʔap miluk kałʔisəpuswu ʔisiwəł tsisunuwus ʔišukowowonəʔə̀š \xe 'the Chumash (islanders) used to harpoon the otter, but the mainland Indians taught them to shoot them with arrows.' \xv 33. laʔkʰan suptapinwù ʔan kusiyaqʰwətəypìʔił \xe 'if you put yourself among such people then they will make you do what they intend' (literally, they will shadow you). \xv 34. tsiyaqtuniyəwsuliyʔuw \xe 'they seek their food.' \xv 35. ʔiyakʰtiwəšiyuw ! \xe 'come to visit us at our house!' \xv 36. šiʔišxʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'the two women.' \xv 37. siyʔixʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'the (three plus) women.' \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd nprefixes \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Coyo60 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx -iyuw \a -iyùwʰ \a -iyùwʰ \a -iyuwʰ \ps vsuf \ge 1/2NSG.OBJ \de first/second person non-singular object suffix \ee Glossed as 1/2NSG.OBJ. \xv 1. ksətəliyuw \xe 'I name you all [before a crowd].' \xv 2. tsamtapiyuw \xe 'they come in or enter on us.' \xv 3. tštipatuniyuw \xe 'he butted in on us.' \xv 4. tštaktaktəliyuw \xe 'he is hitting us.' \xv 5. tsamqisəniyuw \xe 'they look at us.' \xv 6. tswatitapiyuw \xe 'she came and entered our house and leaves again after a few minutes and goes on.' \xv 7. tsamweleqeniyuw \xe 'they get out of our way.' \xv 8. asʰunaniyuw kikə \xe 'Thy kingdom come.' \xv 9. tšnukumiyuw lokašwaštiwił \xe 'Thy kingdom come.' \xv 10. neʔemusiyoxonišpiyiyuw \xe 'they are no longer afraid of us.' \xv 11. kayulasʰunaniyuw \xe 'he is the one who is going to command you.' \xv 12. no ʔan kʔaliwəniyuw \xe 'I am the brother or sister of ye.' \xv 13. ʔiyakʰtiwəšiyuw! \xe 'come to visit us at our house!' \xv 14. kihuʔamaktiwəšiyuw \xe 'they are going to come to our house.' \xv 15. no ʔan ksunuskuyiyuw \xe 'I promised you (plural).' \xv 16. kikə ʔan tsyəwiyuw \xe 'we have good luck.' \xv 17. lokaʔałpaxaniyuw \xe 'he who came and danced with ye.' \xv 18. lokasutapinmuniyuw \xe 'where they shut us in.' \xv 19. lošipałtšuyašuqonišpiyiyuw \xe 'your wanting to make fun of us.' \xv 20 . pikə sipiyałšuqonəšpiiyuw \xe 'you all are making fun of us.' \xv 21. hukikikšiyuw hesiwalaxa \xe 'I am going to deal the cards for a game.' \xv 22. nekʔuluknetus kuhukaqwayapiyuw ? \xe 'how am I going to revenge myself on you people?' \xv 23. lošaʔatʔaxatš ʔan hušaqtiqisəniyuw \xe 'that man came to see us.' \xv 24. no ʔan hukuxniyiyuw \xe 'I am going away to leave ye.' \xv 25. kiseqenuswu lokaʔiʔalaxmayiyuw \xe 'our debtors.' \xv 26. tsʰunapayiyuw kikə sikiyʔałtipatskaw \xe 'to save us from sinners.' \xv 27. lošaʔatʔaxatš sałyət hušištowšiyuw \xe 'that man is coming over here to fight us.' \xv 28. hesipałpaliʔi ʔan latšə ʔisisuxuxaniyuw \xe 'these padres are always frightening us.' \xv 29. kipošotš ʔan musʔił tsʔohoy ʔałtakʰšəyəniyuw \xe 'we know that there is no other that is [as] tender towards us.' \xv 30. lokaʔatʔaxatšʔ ʔan tsʰunikʔoyiyuw yəlaʔa lokakiʔałtšʔum \xe 'the man gave all our money back to us.' \xv 31. kaywu ʔan tšišʔipiyuw kiškə huki pšałhinhin \xe 'they told us what you two are doing.' \xv 32. no ʔan ktałtałwaxa kiskum šaʔatʔaxatš ʔan lasʰuyaqpalamayiyuw \xe 'I was working there and there arrived one who tried to act as it he was smarter or more than the rest of us.' \xv 33. kimupušʰouyuw likiyapiyam lokakumeł, kʔuwe sunapayiyuw lokakumeł \xe 'lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.' \xv 34. kiseqeniyuw lokakiyaxmay, kašnehet kikə kiseqequswu lokaʔiʔalaxyiyuw \xe 'forgive us our trespasses aswe forgive those who trespass against us.' \xv 35. lokakiyʔuwmu lokapaliklikšiyuw latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw ʔan ikšiyuw kəpə hešiʔišaw ! \xe 'give us today our daily bread!' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd pronominals \sd grammar \lg TJPH \rf Coyo75 \dt 04/Jul/2019 \lx iyux \ps v \ge mix/beat pinole with water \ge pinole with water, mix/beat \de to mix/beat pinole with water \ee Harrington notes that the Chumash did this by putting the dry pinole meal in a dish and adding a little water and mixings with two fingers. \xv 1. kiyux \xe 'I beat up pinole with water [to eat].' \xv 2. hukiyux \xe 'I am going to mix the dry toasted meal (pinole) by adding water.' \xv 3. hukiyuxš \xe 'I am going to beat up pinole with cold water.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.584.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx k- \a kʰ- \a kʔ- \ps pre \ge 1 \de first person prefix \ee This person denotes first person subject when on a verb and it denotes second person possessor when on a noun. Glossed as 1. \xv 1. hukexe \xe 'I am going to eat it all up.' \xv 2. kelew \xe 'I cut meat with a knife' (at table). \xv 3. kʔəwə \xe 'I cut a person with a knife.' \xv 4. kʔałxuxa \xe 'I am afraid.' \xv 5. kʔałʔalał \xe 'I am a plower.' \xv 6. kʔałʔałxo \xe 'I stole it.' \xv 7. hukwəla \xe 'I am going to shoot, don’t you know?' \xv 8. hukʰalala \xe 'I am going to be bushy-haired.' \xv 9. hukʔałhalala \xe 'I am going to be bushy-haired.' \xv 10. tsʔił sikpexša \xe 'I have pus, don’t you know?' \xv 11. hukšoʔowowš \xe 'I am going whiten things.' \xv 12. hukpelonušaʔaš \xe 'I am going to shear.' \xv 13. hukpə soʔo \xe 'I ladle out water.' \xv 14. tskʔot hesikpək \xe 'I broke my shin.' \xv 15. kaqitetetš hesikpu \xe 'I bruise myself on the hand.' \xv 16. kpoʔon hesikpuru \xe 'I hold this cigar in my mouth.' \xv 17. kaʔaləhəy sikišʰin \xe 'he is older than I.' \xv 18. kinela kikʰəʔəł sipon̓ \xe 'at last I go and bring firewood.' \xv 19. ksuyahin ʔištəʔəniwaš \xe 'I would like to have a dog.' \xv 20. ʔulakʰin hałkatu \xe 'I would rather have a cat.' \xv 21. hįhįʔ, lakwašwašətš \xe 'yes, I am well.' \xv 22. no ʔan kʔałʔaleqweł \xe 'I am a carpenter of canoes.' \xv 23. mukahaʔaš sukuškikš \xe 'I cannot reach the place that itches.' \xv 24. no ʔan mukʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \xe 'I am not ticklish.' \xv 25. munakʰqisənwaš hałʔałnehét hè \xe 'I have never seen the like of this before.' \xv 26. he ʔan katšaqwinpi ʔikeqweł \xe 'this is the last time I am going to do it.' \xv 27. kaštapinə ʔan kpiliy lokayop \xe 'yesterday I got stuck in the tar.' \xv 28. huksukʔuyətus sukeqweł hesilamesa \xe 'I am going to make this table very well.' \xv 29. tsʔił ʔisʔaqsik, kaquntuk hesixanaxan \xe 'I tie it under my chin (said of headdress).' \xv 30. ʔalištaxan, kalaqkumiʔił ʔišwašətš sipenhes \xe 'cheer me up, I am grateful that you have good respiration.' \xv 31. hukʔipapʰa hesikʔəł kihuseqenit hesikʔolotəš \xe 'I am going to slap my leg to remove my numbness.' \xv 32. kwašhu lokaʔatʔaxatš, kwašhu lokaʔatʔaxatš, tsʔił sikʔamiwu \xe 'I mistook the man, I have a friend whom he looks much like.' \xv 33. huksinay ʔisʔaqitsʔum lokaʔatʔaxaqtš, kihusqisə hešaʔaliyaš \xe 'I am going to put a sign so that the man will know the road.' \xv 34. neʔekʰqišənwaš sihaw̓ saʔałtonowš kisitsʔotsʔohoʔoy ʔan tšišušʔutš \xe 'I have seen some foxes with their hair out and others with lots of hair.' \xv 35. kqisə sikalu ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit? lawaliʔiʔin huknawaq hešaʔaliyaš kaypi kimuhuknaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon and therefore will not take you.' \xv 36. kanaw̓a skuʔùm kisaqʰmił loʔkamom̓oy winay kakikə kiwatitšòhò \xe 'when the time came for him to drink the toloache, Winay and we finished.' \xv 37. lokakʰqo \xe 'my dog.' \xv 38. neekwašətš, neekitpeni \xe 'I am well, I have recovered.' \sd pronouns \sd prefixes \sd nprefixes \sd vprefixes \rf 89.280.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ka= \a ka- \a kaʔ- \a ka- \a ka_ \a kaʔ \a ka \va (kaʔ) \hm 1 \ps procl \ge SPO.EPIS \de superordinate clause-combining proclitic \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ka ‘PREDICATE MARKER’ (Whistler 1980: 43) \ee This prefix is used to set off parts of text, which advance the narrative, from parts of text that provide background information. Glossed as SPO.EPIS. \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \cf ka-3 \ce definite prefix \cf ka-4 \ce non-partitive prefix \cf ka-5 \ce alienable prefix \cf kaʔ \ce coordinating conjunction \cf kasila \ce or; disjuntive conjunction \sd particles \sd proclitics \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \lg TJPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4 \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx ka= \a ku= \hm 2 \ps pre \ge REL \de relative clause proclitic \ee This proclitic forms relative clause constructions, and it may form combinations with other affixes such as the nominalizer. \cf ka=1 \ce superordinate clause-combining proclitic \cf ka-3 \ce definite prefix \cf ka-4 \ce non-partitive prefix \cf ka-5 \ce alienable prefix \cf kaʔ \ce coordinating conjunction \cf kahe \ce coordinating conjunction \cf kaki \ce here; yonder; that \cf kakiwali \ce here it is \cf kakiwu \ce those \cf kasiyʔitsʔanmu \ce playground \cf kasułkuw \ce last night \cf kaswalitapinə \ce day before yesterday \cf kaswalułkuw \ce night before last \cf kaštapinə \ce yesterday \cf kawališup \ce last year \cf kawałwališup \ce years past \xv 1. loʔišmištəq kaskuyaʔàm \xe 'he sat down on one side of the smokehole [of the house].' \xv 2. xelèx kaseqweł \xe 'Falcon did it.' \xv 3. xeléx kašʔipùtš \xe 'Falcon ordered it.' \xv 4. kin heʔišup kakałtšuwaqʰmaš \xe 'I rejected god, the world.' \xv 4. tsaqʰwin heʔisqałtsunałmu kasaxwiʔił sałtapi hesoʔo \xe 'only the part below her waist [could] come in' (and no more was put in the water). \xv 5. kiheʔišyəwəš ʔan laʔtšə ʔisku kasaxwiʔił \xe 'and her head was always human up to [that] and no more.' \xv 6. lamunaməʔək lokawot kaʔałnuna kukamoŋa ʔan tšaqtšum lokašʰaʔay̓ \xe 'after a while the captain of Cucamonga took a fancy to the captain’s daughter.' \xv 7. yəlaʔa he kałmušiyaqtšum siyʔiyałnuna kukamoŋa \xe 'all this did not please the inhabitants of Cucamonga.' \xv 8. pakeʔet šikišaqskutałputš kałwašətš hupsunikʔoli \xe 'and they were one in the opinion that it would be well that he send the woman back.' \xv 9. kišušʔałtə lokoʔo kalʔamyikus \xe 'and there received water which they gave her to drink.' \xv 10. pi ʔan mukapeqweł kikalaxsumu \xe 'you have not caused my suffering.' \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \lg TJPH \dt 04/Jul/2019 \lx ka- \hm 3 \ps pre \ge DEF \de definite prefix \ee Usually combined with ͽloʔ- ‘distal demonstrative prefix; that; the’ \cf ka=1 \ce superordinate clause-combining proclitic \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \cf si-4 \ce indefinite prefix \xv 1. lokašnałmu kuʔutʔam \xe 'where the river runs.' \xv 2. kilakəkš lokasitełteleʔeq kakałnunalinwu \xe 'I only took their tails home.' \xv 3. kaqunpakeʔet lokasqʰoqʰo kanunit \xe 'I took a bunch of wild grapes.' \xv 4. kayəlaʔa lokanununašəʔəš kaliyutiyək heʔismaʔam katimew̓ \xe 'and all the animals that were in the rabbit.' \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 04/Jul/2019 \lx ka- \a k- \hm 4 \va (k-) \ps npre \ge NPART \de non-partitive prefix \ee Indicates that the following noun is not conceived of as an integral part of a whole. Glossed as NPART. \cf ka=1 \ce superordinate clause-combining proclitic \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \cf ka-3 \ce definite prefix \cf ka-5 \ce alienable prefix \cf si-2 \ce partitive prefix \cf kaʔ \ce coordinating conjunction \cf kaykaki \ce that which is \sd particles \sd locations \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \sd demonstratives \lg TJPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ka- \hm 5 \ps npre \ge ALN \de alienable prefix \ee Used only with nouns in this sense. Glossed as ALN. \cf ka=1 \ce superordinate clause-combining proclitic \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \cf ka-4 \ce non-partitive prefix \cf si-3 \ce inalienable prefix \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 04/Jul/2019 \lx ka- \hm 6 \a ke- \a ko- \va (ke-, ko-) \ps vpre \ge INSTR.cutting \ge by cutting \ge cutting, by \de by cutting \ee Glossed as INSTR.cutting. \cf kamaqtu \ce to remove half by cutting in the middle \cf kaqʰał \ce to make flake off \cf kaskasʔułyiʔin \ce to cut long strips of \cf kasukowowo \ce to cut slantwise; to cut at an angle \cf kasuwesmes \ce to cut lengthwise \cf keeqweł \ce to cut \cf kelew \ce to cut (meat), to slice (meat) \cf keleweš \ce slice (of meat); smth (meat) sliced \cf kepʔeł \ce to cut through (smn’s neck) \cf kesʔex \ce to cut in thin slices \cf kesʔexeš \ce thin slice; smth thinly sliced \cf keseqe \ce to cut smth off; to cut out \cf ketšʔeq \ce to split down the middle by cutting \cf kewewek \ce to cut something flat and thin \cf kewey \ce to notch (said of the end of an arrow tip) \cf keweyeš \ce I. notch II. to be notched \cf konoqš \ce to cut (as with a knife) \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kaʔ \a ka- \a ka \va (ka, ka-, kaʔ-) \ps conj \ge COOR.CONJ \de coordinating conjunction \ee Glossed as COOR.CONJ. \cf ka=1 \ce superordinate clause-combining proclitic \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \cf ka-3 \ce definite prefix \cf kaʔaškom̓ \ce ten \cf kahe \ce coordinating conjunction \xv 1. no kaʔ pi \xe 'I and you.' \xv 2. wasmayə̀ kihukiton̓us winay kaʔloʔkamomoy \xe 'tonight we will accompany Winay and the toloache.' \xv 3. winay kakikə kiwatitšòhò \xe 'Winay and we finished.' \xv 4. hukikšił yəlaʔa supaluqtiyəw ʔałtšum kasixʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'I am going to give you everything you want: money [and] women.' \xv 5. yontsʰe ʔan tsʔił ʔislantšu ʔan əhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kasikawkawayu satikʔoy kasʔił ʔislantšu, ʔəhəsikuhkuʔu saʔalililikʔenwaš salitiwtiwəšwaš yontsʰe \xe 'Yontsʰe (Luis Francisco) had a ranch and lots of live stock at Saticoy and lotsof Indians lived there with him.' \xv 6. kʰwəł sima kasitimew \xe 'I killed a jackrabbit and a cottontail rabbit.' \xv 7. lokaʔo ʔan tseqeqweł ʔisxʔomoho, tsnunałwuʔu siqas kasixəpxəʔəp, tsaputiseqe siqas \xe 'the water makes a hollow or hole, it carries away the sand and rocks, it removes the sand.' \sd particles \sd proclitics \sd clitics \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kaʔaʔan \ps vimp \ge certain way/manner, be a \de to be a certain way/manner \xv 1. lokastsʔiyam ; nełkaʔaʔan lokaswiyam ? \xe 'the steep downhill' ; 'how is the decent?' \xv 2. nełkaʔaʔan hałpkawayu ? \xe 'what is the nature of the horse?' \sd vimpersonals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.671.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kaʔaš \ph ˈkɑˀɑʃ \ps v \ge pool, be a \ge pooled up, be \de to be a pool; to be pooled up \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkaʔaš \pde to be pooled up (said of water).NZ \cf ʔałkaʔaš \ce pool; lagoon; pond \cf aputikaʔaš \ce to be flooded with the ocean current \cf kašmu \ce puddle \cf kiłkaʔaš \ce tide pool \cf qiłkaʔaš \ce to be pooled up \cf qiłkašutš \ce half-dried puddle \xv 1. tskaʔaš soʔo \xe 'the water is in a puddle or pool, considerable water.' \xv 2. ʔiškaʔaš soʔo heʔišołšolop \xe 'some water is hemmed up in that muddy puddle.' \xv 3. tsqiłkaʔaš \xe 'it is a half-dried puddle' (where horse got stuck). \xv 4. ʔałkaʔàš \xe 'pool; puddle.' \sd water \sd verbs \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.215.1, 89.671.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kaʔaškom̓ \a kaʔaškòm \ps num \ge ten \de ten \ee The literal translation of this appears to be “and two [more].” \mr [] \cf ʔiškom̓ \ce two \cf kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \ce fourteen \xv 1. lokaʔeqʔeqweleš ʔimiserikordia ʔan kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \xe 'the acts of mercy are fourteen.' \xv 2. masəx tskaʔaškom kasałtskúmu \xe 'thirty-four.' \xv 3. kaʔaškpm tškaʔaškom \xe 'one hundred.' \sd numbers \lg TJPH; JPH \rf WeirC4; 88.625.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \ps num \ge fourteen \de fourteen \ee This number word derives from the Spanish base 10 counting system and is literally translated as ‘ten and four.’ This differs from the native Ventureño number word ͽʔiškom̓ ͽlaliet ‘two more until [sixteen].’ \cf ʔiškom̓ \ce two \cf kaʔaškom̓ \ce ten \cf tskumu \ce four \xv 1. lokaʔeqʔeqweleš ʔimiserikordia ʔan kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \xe 'the works of mercy are fourteen.' \sd number \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 89.503.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kahe \ps conj \ge CONJ.COOR \de coordinating conjunction \ee Glossed as CONJ.COOR. \mr [] \cf heʔ \ce proximal demonstrative; this \cf kaʔ \ce coordinating conjunction \xv 1. kaʔaškom̓ šiʔišaw tsuwʔuwliloʔo kahe tsaqaqmiʔił soʔoxšoləš latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw \xe 'for ten days she kept feasting and drinking urine every day.' \xv 2. neʔešqaqš kahe neʔemusʔił hałtšʔišmekʔew̓ \xe 'she was already bald and she no longer had any eyebrows.' \xv 3. neʔesxawawaʔa kahe tšquntšutuqš \xe 'she was already lean and wrinkled.' \sd conjunctions \sd particles \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.673.1-2; 92.413.2; Glutton82, 87 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx kakakaka \ps onom \ee Sound made by the female quail. \xv 1. tsʔip kakakaka. lokaʔəqəy ʔan tšaxšəšwu lokaštałtałhəw \xe 'she [the hen] says, “ͽkakakaka.” the hen calls her chicks.' \sd onomatopoeia \sd birds \sd animals \lg TJPH \rf 71.450.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaki \ps pro \ge DEM.PRO \ge here \ge yonder \ge that \de here; yonder; that \ee Glossed as DEM.PRO.SG. \mr [] \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \cf kakiwali \ce here it is \cf kakiwu \ce those \xv 1. kaki \xe 'here it is.' \xv 2. kaki sixʔanwa \xe 'yonder is the woman.' \xv 3. kasamnetus kaki \xe 'that is the way to do it.' \xv 4. kakišaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'that man.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.680.3-681.1; 92.420.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kakiwali \ps prcl \ge here it is \de here it is \ee This is said when one hands one thing to someone else. \mr [] \sy kʰe \sy kʰewali \cf kaki \ce here; yonder; that \cf walin \ce to do (all) at once \sd exclamations \sd particles \sd phrases \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.681.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kakiwu \ps pro \ge those \ge DEM.PRO.NSG \de those \ee Glossed as DEM.PRO.NSG. \mr [] \cf kaki \ce here; yonder; that \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.420.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kakqunupmawa \ps n \ge Christmas holiday \de Christmas holiday \cf kaqunupmawa \ce god \cf qunup \ce child; young boy/girl \sd Christianity \sd religion \sd Spanish \lg JPH \rf 69.852 \dt 06/Aug/2018 \lx kal- \a kaʔal- \a kaʔał- \a kał- \va (kaʔal-, kaʔał-, kał-) \hm 1 \ps prefo \ge DEM=NZ- \de relativizing pre-form \ee This is a collocation of the demonstrative proclitic ͽka= and the nominalizer ͽʔal . Glossed as DEM=NZ . \sd prefixes \sd proclitics \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kalawasa \ps n \ge gourd \ge pumpkin \de gourd; pumpkin \gn calabaza \dn calabaza \mr [] \xv 1. hukxayanuswu sikʰinkalawasa, kihukušikʔomwu \xe 'I am going to make a cover for keeping my gourds in.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd food \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.682.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kaldo \ps n \ge soup \de soup \mr [] \xv 1. hukšuniwəš hesikaldo ʔisanorya kasikolis \xe 'I am going to add carrots to the soup and cabbage.' \sd food \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH \rf (89.200.2) \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kalesa \ps n \ge buggy \de buggy \mr [] \xv 1. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.682.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaleta \ps n \ge wagon \ge cart \de wagon; cart \mr [] \xv 1. ʔəhə šeʔeqenwaš sikaleta hemaliyaš \xe 'there are a lot of wagonruts in this road.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.682.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -kalin- \ps vroot \ge equal to, be \ge invariant from, be \de to be equal to; to be invariant from \cf sukaliʔin \ce to make even; to measure so that two things are even (length) \sd vroots \sd roots \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kałtapina \cf kaštapinə \ce yesterday \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kamaqtu \a qamaqtu \va (qamaqtu) \ps v \ge remove half by cutting in the middle \de to remove half by cutting in the middle \mr [] \cf maqtu \ce to be halved \xv 1. kʰkamaqtu \xe 'I cut it in two in the middle and make two pieces out of it.' \xv 2. hukʰkamaqtu \xe 'I remove one half of butt end of.' \xv 3. kinoqš sipon̓ lasułkumlaʔa loʔkašʔułyinaʔaš kaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš ka tomoł kʰin loʔkakušqał kiksununa šikušqał loʔkapon̓ kakʰqamaqtu loʔkapon̓ ki kʰin pakeʔet kikaxipe \xe 'I cut a log of desired length for the keel of the canoe and I take my wedge and begin to split it and I split it in half and I take one piece and work it.' \sd verbs \sd archery \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.683.3-4; 92.669.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kamisa \ps n \ge shirt \de shirt \gn camisa \dn camisa \mr [] \cf kamišanitš \ce to put on a shirt; to wear a shirt \xv 1. tsakałhahá hesikʰkamisa muštiméšeš \xe 'my shirt is open, gaping' (it is not closed). \xv 2. kʰkuwiłpi hesikʰkamisa \xe 'my shirt fits me well.' \xv 3. timešit hesikʰkamisa ! \xe 'button up my shirt for me!' \xv 4. huktimes hesikʰkamisa \xe 'I am going to button my shirt.' \xv 5. hukseqe hesikʰkamisa \xe 'I am going to take my shirt off.' \sd clothes \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.684.2-685.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kamišanitš \ps v \ge put on a shirt \ge wear a shirt \de to put on a shirt; to wear a shirt \mr [] \cf kamisa \ce shirt \xv 1. hukʰkamišanitš \xe 'I'm going to put my shirt on.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.685.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kampintelu \ps n \ge carpenter \de carpenter \mr [] \sy ʔałalaxipetš \sd people \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.685.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kamu(kaka) \ps excl \ge what is that? \de what is that? \ee This is Xom̓ (Castaic) dialect. The full form ͽkamukaka was used along with the shortened form ͽkamu. \sd exclamations \sd particles \sd dialects \sd phrases \lg JPH \rf 89.685.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kan \ps v \ge fall in a fit \ge seize \de to fall in a fit; to seize \ee Harrington notes that people are strong when thus in a fit. There is also discussion of a man attacking people when the moon is old, although it is unclear if this activity is related to this verb. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkan \pde to fall in a fit.NZ; to seize.NZ \xv 1. tskan \xe 'he falls backwards in a fit.' \xv 2. kʰkan \xe 'I fall in a fit.' \xv 3. tškan šaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the man falls in a fit.' \xv 4. ʔałkan lošaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the man is having a fit.' \xv 5. tsixyapapa heʔisʔəkʰ \xe 'his mouth foams.' \sd body \sd health \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 81.119.3; 89.686.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kanaʔaʔay \a kanaaày \a kanaʔay \a kanaʔay̓ \va (kanaʔay, kanaʔay̓) \ps n \ge first \de first \gn primero \dn primero \mr [] \cf kanaʔay \ce first time \xv 1. lokakanaʔaʔay \xe 'the first.' \xv 2. sikanaʔaʔay ʔan tsamqisənwu ʔisikitwo \xe 'at first they see (the lice) come out.' \xv 3. lakʰan tšnehet lokakanaʔaʔay \xe 'like the first one,' 'the same as the first one.' \xv 4. xaʔax šikšaqšinaʔał sikaxipe loʔkaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš ka loʔka_kanaʔaʔay ka ʔaxʔaxipeneʔeš \xe 'I take great care in working the keel and the first boards.' \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.686.4-687.1; Tomol3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kanaʔay \a kanay \va (kanay-) \ps prcl \ge first time \de first time \gn primer vez, la \dn la primer vez \cf kanaʔaʔay \ce first \xv 1. kakanaʔay ʔistayitš \xe 'this is her first menstruation.' \xv 2. kanayusaxtapət ʔiti šaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'it is the first time that he trod on the ground of this earth.' \sd numbers \sd particles \lg JPH \rf 89.688.1; 92.430.2-431.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaneʔeʔe \ps vprcl \ge near, be \de to be near \sy axikəhə \xv 1. laʔiti kasinałnaʔał sałkaneʔeʔe hesimuwu \xe 'they stay right here on the coast.' \xv 2. lo ʔan tsʔił saʔaliyaš saʔałkəyəmi, kałkaneʔeʔe \xe 'there is a path that is straight, it is shorter' (lit., 'nearer' ; said of a shortcut). \xv 3. maría antonia kanaštəʔəʔə tsilikʔe kasisilya neʔešišʰatiwənitš sisilyu ka maría antonia kimitsqanaqan kašišiliklikʔe, lakaneʔeʔe kasʔap maría antonia ka sisilya \xe 'María Antonia and Cecilio are still living, they are yet married and live at Ventura near together.' \sd vparticles \sd verbs \sd locations \sd vparticle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.688.2-689.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kapʰe \ps n \ge coffee \de coffee \mr [] \xv 1. hesiletši ʔan tsʰeqenus lokaštšʔənəʔəš kakapʰe \xe 'the milk kills the strength of the coffee.' \xv 2. kšutšohonəšpi sukaqmił sikapʰe latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw \xe 'I am accustomed to drinking coffee all the time.' \xv 3. ʔan mukšuyušʰo hesikapʰe kəwə neʔekšutšohonəšpi \xe 'I do not want to leave off drinking coffee for I am already accustomed to it.' \sd food \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH \rf 89.691.1; 91.50.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaqanupmawa \cf kaqunupmawa \ce god \sd variations \dt 11/Mar/2012 \lx kaqunupmawa \a kaqunupmawà \a kaqunupʰmawà \a kaqunupʰmawà \a kaqunupʰmawa \va (kaqunupʰmawa) \ps n \ge god \de god \sd chronometry \sd religion \sd mythology \lg JPH \rf 69.852 \dt 21/Oct/2018 \lx kaqʰał \ps v \ge flake off, make \ge make flake off \de to make flake off \mr [] \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \xv 1. kʰkaqʰał \xe 'I make it flake off' (like wallpaper from the wall using a knife). \sd verbs \sd archery \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.681.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kasila \ps conj \ge or \ge disjuntive conjunction \de or; disjuntive conjunction \ee Glossed as CONJ.DISJ. \xv 1. huktaktə sipułhewu kasila kotši \xe 'I am going to kill a sheep or a swine.' \xv 2. lokałtskumu kasila masəx ʔan pakeʔet ʔisipat \xe 'there are only 3 or 4 in a nest.' \xv 3. tsikumli mitsqanaqan̓ kasila payikʔula nehałlusininuna (Ϟor nełtsininuna) lokatok \xe 'they arrived at Ventura or wherever they went to fetch it.' \xv 4. tsʔił ʔišiyušqaləʔəš pon̓ iqwe kasila ʔisʰapsiwə tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔka_siyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyuqał \xe 'they have their wedges of toyon wood or deerhorn, and they open or split the palo according to their desire using the wedges.' \sd particles \lg JPH \rf 89.692.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kasiyʔitsʔanmu \ps n \ge playground \de playground \ee Literally, ’where they play.’ \mr [] \cf itsʔaw \ce to play with \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.64.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kaskasʔułyiʔin \ps v \ge cut long strips of \de to cut long strips of \ee No non reduplicated form given. \mr [] \cf ʔułyi \ce to be long; to be tall \xv 1. tsamkełkelew ʔan tsikaskasʔułyiʔin \xe 'they are cutting long strips [of whale].' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.692.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kasukowowo \ps v \ge cut slantwise \ge cut at an angle \de to cut slantwise; to cut at an angle \mr [] \cf kowowo \ce to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \xv 1. hukʰkasukowowo \xe 'I cut [a stick] across slantingly.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.692.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kasułkuw \ps n \ge last night \de last night \mr [] \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.693.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kasuwesmes \ps v \ge cut lengthwise \de to cut lengthwise \mr [] \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf suwesmes \ce to make traverse; to put across \cf wesmes \ce to be traversed \xv 1. kʰkasuwesmes \xe 'I cut it straight across [lengthwise].' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.693.2 \dt 08/Sep/2018 \lx kaswalitapinə \ps n \ge day before yesterday \de day before yesterday \gn ante ayer \dn ante ayer \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. kaswalitapinə ʔan kqisənwaš \xe 'I noticed day before yesterday.' \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.693.3; 92.438.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kaswalułkuw \ps n \ge night before last \de night before last \gn antenoche \dn antenoche \mr [] \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.694.2-3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kašmu \ps n \ge puddle \de puddle \gn charco \dn charco \mr [] \cf kaʔaš \ce to be a pool; to be pooled up \xv 1. lokaškašmu koʔo \xe 'puddle of water.' \sd water \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.694.4; 92.439.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kaštapinə \a kałtapina \va (kałtapina) \ps n \ge yesterday \de yesterday \gn ayer \dn ayer \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kštapin ‘yesterday,’ INZ kaštapin ‘yesterday’ (Whistler 1980: 88; Applegate 1972: 412) \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. kaštapinə ʔan kʰtapuš lošaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'yesterday I entered that man’s room.' \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.695.2-4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx katolika \ps n \ge smth Catholic \ge Catholic, smth \de smth Catholic \mr [] \xv 1. kšuwašətš loka espiritu santo, lokasantaʔilesya katolika, lokasikomunyon kasansantuʔu \xe 'I believe inthe Holy Spirit, the Holy Catholic Church, and the communion of saints.' \sd religion \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH \rf 90.507.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx katu \ps n \ge cat \ge housecat \de cat; housecat \mr [] \xv 1. ʔulakʰin hałkatu \xe 'I would rather have a cat.' \xv 2. ksiwałtapi lokakatu \xe 'I threw the cat into the room from outdoors.' \xv 3. ksiwałkitwo lokakatu \xe 'I threw the cat outdoors.' \xv 4. tsaniwon lokakatù \xe 'the cat makes a little groan.' \xv 5. tsuwamoxloł loʔkakatù \xe 'the cat purrs.' \xv 6. lokakatu ʔan soxkonono \xe 'the cat is purring.' \xv 7. hukšuštiqʔulił hesikatu \xe 'I am going to hold this cat out toward you to make her scratch you.' \xv 8. hukapšək hesikatu hešimeš \xe 'I am going to put the cat into this sack.' \xv 9. kałwašəʔəʔətš ʔišišʰin lokakatu \xe 'it is better than a cat.' \xv 10. hesikatu ʔan tšulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'the cat catches rats.' \xv 11. sikatu ʔan hušulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'a cat will catch the rats.' \xv 12. kʰəł sikatu tswesxeʔe lomotʔo \xe 'I shot a cat, the arrow passed through the cat and came out the other side.' \xv 13. lokakatu ʔan tšuliʔiš səʔəqəy ʔan tsʰupex kikanawa sʰukitwonwu lokaštałtałhəʔəw kikanawa siyʔaləhəy kikasiyiwon, ʔan tsiyʔip kikirimiyaaw \xe 'the cat got a chicken and made her pregnant and when she gave birth to her young ones and they grew up and sang they sang kikirimiyaaw.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.932.1-933.1, 946.1-950.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx katšukutšuk \ps n \ge place by Canala Larga \de place by Canala Larga \sd places \lg JPH \dt 26/Jun/2011 \lx katšup \ps n \ge Montaloo Hills \de Montaloo Hills \sd places \lg JPH \rf 91.19.1-29.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx kaw \cf kaw̓ \ce I. left (direction) II. to be left (direction) \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kawališup \ps n \ge last year \de last year \mr [] \cf kawałwališup \ce years past \cf šup1 \ce smth expansive; smth large; year; Heaven \sd chronometry \lg JPH \rf 89.697.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kawałwališup \ps n \ge years past \de years past \gn años pasados \dn años pasados \mr [] \cf kawališup \ce last year \cf šup1 \ce smth expansive; smth large; year; Heaven \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.698.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kawayu \rd kawkawayuʔu \ps n \ge horse \de horse \mr [] \cf ʔakawayu \ce to go on horseback \cf naʔakawayu \ce to do on horseback \xv 1. lokaʔkawayu ʔan tsehehè \xe 'the horse whinnies.' \xv 2. tštoy ʔi kawayu \xe 'horse hoof.' \xv 3. hukʰsutipey loʔkakawayù loʔkakaletà ištokoy \xe 'I am going to hitch the horse onto the wagon.' \sd animals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd mammals \sd husbandry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.812.2-819.2; 89.697.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kawəy \ps v \ge cut tule \de to cut tule \cf kawəyəš \ce common tule; bulrush; California bulrush \cf tup \ce common three-square tule \xv 1. latšʔilitš ʔisikawəy \xe 'sometimes they cut tule.' \xv 2. hukʰkawəy sikawəyəš \xe 'I am going to cut tule.' \sd verbs \sd basketry \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 89.698.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kawəyəš \sc Scirpus acutus; Scirpus californicus \ps n \ge common tule \ge tule, common \ge bulrush (California) \ge California bulrush \de common tule; bulrush; California bulrush \mr [] \cf kawəy \ce to cut tule \cf tup \ce common three-square tule \sd plants \sd nature \sd culture \sd basketry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.28; 81.61.2; 89.698.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kawkawayuʔu \ps n \ge horse.REDUP \de horse.REDUP \cf kawayu \ce horse \sd reduplications \dt 09/Feb/2011 \lx kaw̓ \a káw̓ \a kaw \va (kaw) \cf axʔukaw̓ \ce to take with the left hand \cf tałkaw̓ \ce to grasp with the left hand \se I \ps n \ge left (direction) \de left (direction) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkaw̓ \pde to be left (direction).NZ \xv 1. hesikʰkaw̓ \xe 'my left.' \xv 2. siktəq hesikʰkaw̓ \xe 'my left eye.' \se II \ps v \ge left (direction), be \de to be left (direction) \an kuyuw̓ \xv 1. pʔałkaw̓ \xe 'you are left-handed.' \sd verbs \sd directions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.696.3-697.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaxkaxoʔon \a kaxkaxon \va (kaxkaxon-) \ps n \ge box.REDUP \de box.REDUP \cf kaxon \ce box \sd reduplications \dt 26/Jun/2011 \lx kaxkaxon \cf kaxkaxoʔon \ce box.REDUP \sd variations \dt 26/Jun/2011 \lx kaxon \rd kaxkaxoʔon \ps n \ge box \de box \mr [] \xv 1. lokakaxkaxoʔon \xe 'the boxes.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaliyəwəšpi hesikaxon \xe 'I have my head on the box when lying down.' \xv 3. hekakʰkaxkaxonwaʔaš \xe 'these were my boxes.' \xv 4. kilikʔenpi hesikaxon ʔan tštiyam \xe 'I sat down on this box and it sank down a little.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.195.2, 679.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kay \a káy \ps pro \ge 3 \ge this one \ge this \ge third person (singular) pronoun \de third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \ee This word is demonstrative in origin and fills the 3rd person singular part of the pronoun paradigm. It is also used as a predicator, no doubt related to the use of ͽka=2. Glossed as 3. \cf kaye \ce this which is \cf kaykaki \ce that which is \cf kaylo \ce that which is (there) \cf kaypi \ce therefore \cf kayunwaš \ce third person non-singular past tense pronoun; those which were \cf kaywali \ce and subsequently \cf kaywaš \ce that which was \cf kaywu \ce third person non-singular pronoun; they; them \xv kay ka wot \xe 'he is chief.' \xv 1. kay hesikawayu \xe 'this horse.' \xv 2. mukay lokašliyək \xe 'not in the middle' ; 'it is not in the middle.' \xv 3. kay no \xe 'I am.' \xv 4. kay ʔan tšaqša \xe 'the dead one.' \xv 5. mukay lokašliyək \xe 'not in the middle.' \xv 6. kay hušwatinoqš (Ϟor kay huswatitšoho) \xe 'it will stop (raining).' \xv 7. mukayiti kaʔałnuna \xe 'it is not a native of here.' \xv 8. kay ʔan tšašulapit sukišʔuwlilo \xe 'he invited me to eat.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg TJPH \rf 81.18.4; 89.673.4-674.4; 92.414.2; 94.207.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaya- \cf kayu- \ce immediate future prefix \sd variations \dt 16/Mar/2012 \lx kayayi \cf kay̓ay̓i \ce to take toloache \sd variations \dt 26/Jun/2011 \lx kayay̓i \cf kay̓ay̓i \ce to take toloache \sd variations \dt 26/Jun/2011 \lx kaye \ps pro \ge this which is \de this which is \mr [] \cf heʔ \ce proximal demonstrative; this \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \cf kaykaki \ce that which is \cf kaylo \ce that which is (there) \xv 1. kayekaksumlelu \xe 'this is my sombrero.' \xv 2. kayekaskawayu kay \xe 'this is his horse.' \xv 3. kaye kałwašətš ʔiʔaxiyeʔep heʔisałsapariya \xe 'this sarsparrilla is good medicine.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.675.2-676.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kayi \ps n \ge street \de street \mr [] \xv 1. tšnaʔał hesikayi \xe 'he goes out on the streets.' \xv 2. no ʔan kałtə sixʔanwa losikayi \xe 'I met the woman on the street.' \sd places \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.676.4-677.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaykaki \ps pro \ge that which is \de that which is \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \xv 1. kaykaki lokasʰumlelu \xe 'it is my sombrero.' \xv 2. kaykaki lokakʰkawayu \xe 'it is my horse.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \rf 89.677.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kaylo \ps pro \ge that which is (there) \de that which is (there) \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \cf kaye \ce this which is \cf loʔ \ce distal demonstrative; that; there \xv 1. kaylo kapya pi \xe 'this is your arrow.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.677.4; 92.417.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx kaypi \rd kaypiʔiʔi \ps prcl \ge therefore \de therefore \gn para que \dn para que \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \xv 1. kaypi kuskuwiłpi \xe 'therefore it suits me' (said of ͽsiwin adorning headdress). \xv 2. kseqe ʔan kaypi̇ʔi̇ʔi kušiʔik kałwašətš sukqisəʔə lokaʔałalaxiyepš \xe 'I pulled it out, for this reason it ached all the more, it seemed well for me to go to see the doctor.' \sd particles \sd demonstratives \sd pronouns \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.198, 203, 397.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaypiʔiʔi \ps prcl \ge therefore.REDUP \de therefore.REDUP \cf kaypi \ce therefore \sd reduplications \dt 09/Mar/2011 \lx kayu- \a kaya- \va (kaya-) \ps vpre \ge IMD \de immediate future prefix \ee Glossed as IMM. \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \xv 1. kayukwe \xe 'I am going to sleep without right where I am.' \xv 2. kayukweʔeł \xe 'I am going in there to sleep' or 'I am going into the other room to go to sleep.' \xv 3. neʔeksuyáwè \xe 'I am now sleepy.' \xv 4. kayuknali (Ϟor huknali, Ϟor knali) \xe 'I am going home.' \xv 5. ksuyanali \xe 'I want to go home.' \xv 6. kayusaxsəw \xe 'now the flower is about to dry' (it is withering). \xv 7. kayukwaštapitš \xe 'I am going to put on my bracelet.' \xv 8. kayusxoyòyò \xe 'the bird is going to fly.' \xv 9. kayusaqutiple \xe 'he is about to die' (said of a dying man). \xv 10. neʔekayukaqša \xe 'I am going to die soon.' \xv 11. kayusisunapay \xe 'they are about to take the boat that just landed up on the beach.' \xv 12. kayulasʰunaniyuw \xe 'he is the one who is going to command you.' \xv 13. ʔiti kayuksuwakʔay \xe 'I am going to set it down on this.' \xv 14. no kayukaleqweł \xe 'I am going to make it, can make it.' \xv 15. kayiti kayukyami \xe 'here is where I want to get out.' \xv 16. kayušnaʔał saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is going to come out.' \xv 17. kayuskitwo hesikenhes \xe 'my soul will soon leave my body.' \xv 18. no ʔan kayukaluniyəʔəw \xe 'I am going to search for it.' \xv 19. neʔekayusaxsəw heʔišolop \xe 'this mud is drying.' \xv 20. neʔekayusaxsəw heʔišolop, neʔeštšeqtšeq \xe 'this mud is drying, it is cracking in every direction.' \xv 21. kayusiyoxmoʔoł sipakpakəwaš \xe 'the old men are right now going to the sweathouse.' \xv 22. kayusʰuwheliʔiy lawaliʔiʔin \xe 'in a short while my cow is going to give birth again.' \xv 23. neʔekayusaquwałmay \xe 'it is about to be under shadow.' \xv 24. kayušʰatiwənitš hekaxʔanwa \xe 'this woman is going to marry.' \xv 25. kəpə ʔan kayuksaxsəw hekakʰinwaka \xe 'I am going to dry off my cow.' \xv 26. neʔekayuskumli lokamaxatʔaməš \xe 'he has already arrived today from San Miguel.' \xv 27. kayukseqenus suskutet \xe 'I am not going to wean the baby.' \xv 28. lo ʔi šup kayu lišpuwenił \xe 'God will pay you it.' \xv 29. kayusitiqiʔip seʔemetšeš \xe 'the soldiers went to war.' \xv 30. kayhušnikʔoyi šiʔišaw \xe 'the sun is already coming back.' \xv 31. maliya ʔan kayukšatiwəš \xe 'María will be my wife.' \xv 32. hukʰketšʔeq kaʔiti kayusaxwiʔił \xe 'I am going to split it, as far as here only' (pointing). \xv 33. kayukninuna mitsqanaqan̓ \xe 'I am going to get it in Ventura.' \xv 34. neʔekayusmeqxeʔe lokaswałkənkənəʔət \xe 'the rope that is wrapped around the post to hold the cow is just about to slip all out to the very end and the cow will go loose.' \xv 35. kayukʔuwliloʔo lositsʔohoy siyʔap \xe 'I am going to eat at the other house.' \xv 36. kayukninuna lokakaxon mitsqanaqan̓ \xe 'I am going to get the box at Ventura.' \xv 37. no kayukałtšupexšwu yəlaʔa hesipanpantaloʔon \xe 'I am going to mend all these pants.' \xv 38. neʔekayuskumli lokayusyət kanunašəš \xe 'the time is approaching for the devil to come.' \xv 39. kikə kakiyalatskaw kəpə hesikayukiyaqša \xe 'sinners now and in the hour of our death.' \xv 40. no kayukałwalinaʔał, kʰoko ʔan husuleqpeyit \xe 'I am going first, and my father after me.' \xv 41. tsʔipus, "lokaʔatʔaxatš pi kayupalʔuw" \xe 'she told the man, "you eat it." ' \xv 42. neesʰuxmen kayasapusi (Ϟor kayusapusi) nikʔoy \xe 'the wave breaks and then draws back.' \xv 43. lokaxʔanwa kayułtšatiwənitš ʔan kʰqisə kaštapinə \xe 'the woman who is going to be married, I saw yesterday.' \xv 44. neʔesʔəhə ʔišup sikilikʔe ʔitiʔišup, kʔuwe kayukaqša \xe 'I have lived many years in the world but now I am going to die.' \xv 45. huktaktəwu hesikʔəqəy pakpakeʔet kilakayukšušexenwu \xe 'I am going to kill of my chickens one by one until I get rid of them.' \sd tense \sd chronometry \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \rf Daughter52; Glutton60 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx kayunwaš \ps pro \ge third person non-singular past tense pronoun \ge those which were \de third person non-singular past tense pronoun; those which were \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \cf kaywaš \ce that which was \cf kaywu \ce third person non-singular pronoun; they; them \xv 1. kayunwaš lokakʰkaxkaxoʔon \xe 'those are the remains of my boxes.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.679.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kaywali \rd kaywaliʔiʔi \ps vimp \ge and subsequently \de and subsequently \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \cf walin \ce to do (all) at once \xv 1. kaywali kaki \xe 'and now, it is (so).' \xv 2. kʰan sukaluškʔəy ʔan kaywaliʔiʔi tšnapiyətus \xe 'if I move the cramp is worse.' \sd vimpersonals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.678.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaywaliʔiʔi \ps vimp \ge and subsequently.REDUP \de and subsequently.REDUP \ee Translates similar to 'and immediately as a result of' \cf kaywali \ce and subsequently \sd reduplications \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx kaywaš \ps pro \ge 3S.PST \ge that which was \de that which was \ee Glossed as 3S.PST \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \cf kayunwaš \ce third person non-singular past tense pronoun; those which were \xv 1. kaywaš lokakišmoxloł \xe 'that was their old phlegm.' \xv 2. kayunwaš lokakʰkaxkaxoʔon \xe 'those are the remains of my boxes.' \xv 3. hekakʰkaxkaxonwaʔaš he \xe 'these were my boxes' (but now are not mine). \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.679.1 \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx kaywu \a kaywù \ps pro \ge 3NSG \ge third person non-singular pronoun \ge they \ge them \de third person non-singular pronoun; they; them \ee Glossed as 3NSG. \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \cf kayunwaš \ce third person non-singular past tense pronoun; those which were \xv 1. kaywu kapkawkawayuʔu \xe 'they are your horses.' \sd demonstratives \sd pronouns \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.679.3-4; 94.209 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kay̓ay̓i \a kayay̓i \a kayayi \va (kayayi, kay̓ay̓i) \ps v \ge take toloache \de to take toloache \ee This verb indicates that toloache (datura) is ingested. \cf ʔałkay̓ay̓i \ce hypnotized one; one who is under the influence of toloache \xv 1. hukʰkayayi \xe 'I am going to take datura (toloache).' \xv 2. ʔałkayayi \xe 'he has drunk the toloache.' \xv 3. tskayayi \xe 'he has drunk it.' \xv 4. hukaqmił simomoy \xe 'I am going to take toloache.' \xv 5. wašnaxyət ʔan huskayay̓i winay \xe 'tomorrow Winay is going to drink toloache.' \sd verbs \sd health \sd religion \sd mythology \lg JPH \rf 89.675.1; 92.415.1; Coyo66 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ke- \ps vpre \de by cutting \ee Glossed as INSTR.cutting. \cf ka-6 \ce by cutting \cf keeqweł \ce to cut \cf kelew \ce to cut (meat), to slice (meat) \cf keleweš \ce slice (of meat); smth (meat) sliced \cf kepʔeł \ce to cut through (smn’s neck) \cf kesʔex \ce to cut in thin slices \cf kesʔexeš \ce thin slice; smth thinly sliced \cf keseqe \ce to cut smth off; to cut out \cf ketšʔeq \ce to split down the middle by cutting \cf kewey \ce to notch (said of the end of an arrow tip) \cf keweyeš \ce I. notch II. to be notched \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx keʔep \rd kepkeʔep \ps v \ge clean, be \ge bathe oneself \ge clean oneself \de to be clean; to bathe oneself; to clean oneself \et *kepʔ \ec Compare BOI kepʼ ‘to bathe,’ INZ kepʼ ‘to bathe,’ and OBI tʸeʼ ⁓ ʼeʼ ‘to bathe’ (Klar 1977: 16-17) \cf ʔałkeʔep \ce bather \cf keʔepleł \ce to bathe \cf kepmu \ce bathing pool; bathtub \cf sukeʔep \ce to bathe smn/smth; to make clean; to baptize \cf šukepeš \ce Christian (baptized); smn baptized \cf unikepleł \ce to bathe in the morning \xv 1. hukʰkeʔep \xe 'I am going to take a bath.' \xv 2. tsʰkeʔep \xe 'he bathed.' \xv 3. tsitaqyəwus lokaskoko kilatšə ʔiskeʔep ʔišnaxšnaxyəʔət \xe 'obedient to her father she went to bathe every morning.' \xv 4. tsʔip, “ ʔaskúkù ʔałʔałkepkeʔep hekakʰkepmu ?” kiwə munašištiyepušwaš hałtskumi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'he said, “who is bathing in my pool?” for they had not told him of the arrival of the woman.' \xv 5. kəpə hesinapwašətš, latšə ʔišnaxšnaxyəʔət ʔan hupeqweł kuhupkeʔep, hupkepleł lokaskepmu kapʔaliwə kuhupwašətš \xe 'you are now convalescing, the thing for you to do will be for you to bathe every morning, you will bathe in the bathing-pool of your brother in order to make yourself well.' \sd common \sd routine \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.699.4-701.2; 91.34.4 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx keʔepleł \rd kepleʔeʔeł \a kepleʔeł \a kepleł \va (kepleʔeł, kepleł) \ps v \ge bathe \de to bathe \ee Harrington translates this as ‘to bathe (intransitive)’ \cf keʔep \ce to be clean; to bathe oneself; to clean oneself \cf unikepleł \ce to bathe in the morning \xv 1. hukʰkeʔepleł suʔutʔam \xe 'I am going to bathe in the river.' \xv 2. kikaskepleʔeł, kʔuwe suninaxyəʔəʔət \xe 'and she went to bathe very early every morning.' \xv 3. lamunamitʔi kikasqisqisə lokasʔaliwə latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw ʔan tšušyoxotš lokaskepmu sinawa skepleł \xe 'soon her brother kept noticing every day when he went to bathe that the water of his bathing-pool was riled.' \xv 4. kəpə hesinapwašətš, latšə ʔišnaxšnaxyəʔət ʔan hupeqweł kuhupkeʔep, hupkepleł lokaskepmu kapʔaliwə kuhupwašətš \xe 'you are now convalescing, the thing for you to do will be for you to bathe every morning, you will bathe in the bathing-pool of your brother in order to make yourself well.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd routine \sd water \lg JPH \rf 89.701.3-704.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx keʔey \ps v \ge hook \de to hook \cf apuškeʔey \ce to be hooked \cf šapuškeʔey \ce to hook smth onto; to seize smth with a hook \xv 1. kʰkeʔey \xe 'I hook it with a hook.' \xv 2. kʰkeʔey lokaspu kapon̓, kʰkeʔeypi hesipon̓ \xe 'I hooked the limb of the tree, I hooked it with another stick.' \sd verbs \sd fish \lg JPH \rf 89.698.4-699.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx keepmu \cf kepmu \ce bathing pool; bathtub \sd variations \dt 27/Jun/2011 \lx keeqweł \ps v \ge cut \de to cut \mr [] \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \xv 1. kʰkeeqweł \xe 'I cut it.' \xv 2. kʰkeeqweł saʔaxwi huksutipey lokaʔutinay \xe 'I am cutting buckskin to put on the cradle.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.699.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kek \ps v \ge emerge \de to emerge \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kek ‘to grow (of plants),’ CRZ -kʼehek- ‘to grow,’ INZ kek ‘to come up (through a surface); to sprout (of plants)’ (Whistler 1980: 23; Beeler & Klar 1977: 16; SYBCI 2007: 174) \ee This is not said of plants sprouting. \xv 1. hukutoqop ki lo məʔək kayukʰkek \xe 'I am going to dive under the water, and a way over there I am going to emerge.' \xv 2. lokaskek lokanutria \xe 'the otter has emerged over there.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʰqisə si penew ʔitsupapʰ lokaštałhəw, tsuwesmes heʔišni, šnutoqʔop loʔkašʰtete kapenew kikaskek kasakʰtenhesi kaloʔkatštałhəw ʔan tsakʰtenhesi \xe 'I saw a seal/sealion put her young one on her back, she put it across her nape, the mother seal/sealion dove and she emerges and blows and the young one blows.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd directions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.901.2; 89.701.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kelew \rd kelewlew \ps v \ge cut (meat) \ge slice (meat) \de to cut (meat), to slice (meat) \mr [] \cf keleweš \ce slice (of meat); smth (meat) sliced \cf kesʔex \ce to cut in thin slices \cf lew \ce to break away in increments \xv 1. hukʰkelewlew \xe 'I cut the chicken up.' \xv 2. hukʰkelew hesipan \xe 'I am going to cut this bread.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.702.1-4; 94.72, 349.2 \dt 08/Sep/2018 \lx keleweš \rd kelewleweš \ps n \ge slice (of meat) \ge smth (meat) sliced \de slice (of meat); smth (meat) sliced \mr [] \cf kelew \ce to cut (meat), to slice (meat) \cf lew \ce to break away in increments \xv 1. ikš losipan sikeleweš \xe 'give me some of that sliced bread.' \xv 2. pakeʔet sikeleweš \xe 'one slice.' \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.703.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kelewlew \ps v \ge cut (meat).REDUP \ge slice (meat).REDUP \de to cut (meat).REDUP; to slice (meat).REDUP \cf kelew \ce to cut (meat), to slice (meat) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kelewleweš \ps n \ge slice (of meat).REDUP \ge smth (meat) sliced.REDUP \de slice (of meat).REDUP; smth (meat) sliced.REDUP \cf keleweš \ce slice (of meat); smth (meat) sliced \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kepeye \ps n \ge coastal wood fern \ge wood fern, coastal \ge fern, coastal wood \ge goldback fern \ge fern, goldback \ge California polypody \ge polypody, California \de coastal wood fern; goldback fern; California polypody \gn palmilla \dn palmilla \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (78). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.78.1; 89.703.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kepkeʔep \ps v \ge clean, be.REDUP \ge bathe oneself.REDUP \ge clean oneself.REDUP \de to be clean.REDUP; to bathe oneself.REDUP; to clean oneself.REDUP \cf keʔep \ce to be clean; to bathe oneself; to clean oneself \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kepleʔeʔeł \ps v \ge bathe.REDUP \de to bathe.REDUP \cf keʔepleł \ce to bathe \sd reduplications \dt 15/Nov/2010 \lx kepleʔeł \cf keʔepleł \ce to bathe \sd variations \dt 27/Jun/2011 \lx kepleł \cf keʔepleł \ce to bathe \sd variations \dt 27/Jun/2011 \lx kepmu \a keepmu \va (keepmu) \ps n \ge bathing pool \ge bathtub \de bathing pool; bathtub \mr [] \cf keʔep \ce to be clean; to bathe oneself; to clean oneself \xv 1. hupkepleł lokaskepmu kapʔaliwə \xe 'you will bathe in the bathing pool of your brother.' \sd water \sd household \sd tools \sd places \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.699.2;94.395.1; Glutton150 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kepʔeł \ps v \ge cut through (smn’s neck) \de to cut through (smn’s neck) \mr [] \xv 1. kʰkepʔeł heʔišni \xe 'I cut through his neck with a knife.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.705.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kesʔex \ps v \ge cut in thin slices \de to cut in thin slices \ee Harrington notes that this verb was used of meat in preparation for drying it in the sun. This indicates a cut about 0.5 in. (1.27 cm) thick. \mr [] \cf esʔex \ce to make thin strips of fish for salting \cf kelew \ce to cut (meat), to slice (meat) \cf kesʔexeš \ce thin slice; smth thinly sliced \xv 1. hukʰkesʔex \xe 'I am going to thinnly slice [the meat].' \sd food \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.706.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kesʔexeš \ps n \ge slice, thin \ge smth thinly sliced \ge sliced, smth thinly \de thin slice; smth thinly sliced \mr [] \ee This form should have undergone sibilant harmony to become ͽkešʔexeš but has not in these examples. \cf esʔex \ce to make thin strips of fish for salting \cf kesʔex \ce to cut in thin slices \sd food \sd fish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.706.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx keseqe \a keseʔqe \a keseqen \va (keseʔqe, keseqen-) \ps v \ge cut smth off \ge cut out \de to cut smth off; to cut out \ee This is also said of cutting off whole butt end of feather. \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \xv 1. kʰkeseqe \xe 'I cut it out.' \xv 2. hukʰkeseqen(w)us yəlaʔa \xe 'I cut it all off.' \xv 3. kikakʰkeseqenuswu ʔisiyəwyəwəʔəš \xe 'I cut off their heads.' \xv 4. laʔkʰan ʔisʔił ʔišluʔyət loʔkaʔaxipeneš, laʔkʰan ʔisalaqwaʔay suʔamsukitwo ʔiškom̓ ʔan tšikoʔnoqš tsamkeseʔqe loʔkašluʔyət \xe 'if the board has a knot, and if they can get two boards out of it, they cut it, removing the knot.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.705.2; 94.349.1; Tomol6 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ketšʔeq \ps v \ge split down the middle by cutting \de to split down the middle by cutting \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce I. crack II. to crack; to split \xv 1. kʰketšʔeq \xe 'I split it down the middle [with my knife].' \xv 2. hukʰketšʔeq kaʔiti kayusaxwiʔił \xe 'I split it as far as here (pointing) only.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.706.3-707.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kewewek \ps v \ge cut smth flat and thin \de to cut something flat and thin \ee Harrington notes that this cannot be said of cutting meat. \mr [] \cf wewek \ce to have a tear; to be torn \xv 1. hukʰkewewek \xe 'I am going to cut paper or cloth.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.708.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kewey \rd keweywey \ps v \ge notch (said of the end of an arrow tip) \de to notch (said of the end of an arrow tip) \mr [] \cf keweyeš \ce I. notch II. to be notched \cf wey \ce I. notch; buttcrack; groove II. to break through (as is said of a river); to be fluted; to be notched; to wane (said of the moon) \xv 1. no ʔan kʰkewey \xe 'I cut a notch in a stick' (or box, pencil, etc.). \xv 2. kʰkeweywey \xe 'I make a lot of notches.' \xv 3. hukʰkéwéy hesikya \xe 'I am going to make a notch in the butt end of this my arrow.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukʰkewey hesipon̓ \xe 'I am going to cut a notch in this stick.' \sd archery \lg JPH \rf 89.707.2-708.1; 94.348.4 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx keweyeš \mr [] \cf kewey \ce to notch (said of the end of an arrow tip) \cf wey \ce I. notch; buttcrack; groove II. to break through (as is said of a river); to be fluted; to be notched; to wane (said of the moon) \se I \ps n \ge notch \de notch \xv 1. pakeʔet ʔikeweyeš \xe 'one notch.' \se II \ps v \ge notched, be \de to be notched \xv 1. hesipon̓ ʔan tškeweyeš \xe 'this stick is notched.' \sd archery \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.708.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx keweywey \ps v \ge notch (said of the end of an arrow tip).REDUP \de to notch (said of the end of an arrow tip).REDUP \cf kewey \ce to notch (said of the end of an arrow tip) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -kə- \a -ki- \va (-ki-) \ps root \ge PRO.FORM \ge pronominal formative \de pronominal formative \ee This pronoun forms with person and number marking any number of pronouns. Glossed as PRO.FORM. \cf kaki \ce here; yonder; that \cf kakiwali \ce here it is \cf kakiwu \ce those \cf kikə \ce first person plural; we three or more; us three or more \cf kinakəkš \ce to die involving one; to die alone \cf kiškə \ce first person dual ; we two; us two \cf pikə \ce second person plural pronoun; you three or more \cf piškə \ce second person dual pronoun; you two \sd pronouns \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəkəkš \ps v \ge alone, be \de to be alone \mr [] \cf kəkš \ce to be one’s own; to be alone \cf kəkʰkək \ce to be alone \xv 1. laškəkəkš (Ϟor tškəkəkš) \xe 'only that,' 'it is only,' 'that/it is alone.' \xv 2. lakʰkəkəkš \xe 'I am alone.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH \rf 89.714.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kəkš \ph kǝkʰʃ \a kəkʰš \a kə́kš \a kəks \va (kəks-) \ps adj \ge one’s own, be \ge alone, be \de to be one’s own; to be alone \mr [] \cf aqkəkš \ce to eat only a single kind of food, straight and unmixed with other things; to eat only one kind of food at a meal \cf kəkəkš \ce to be alone \cf kəkʰkək \ce to be alone \cf kinakəkš \ce to die involving one; to die alone \cf nəkəkš \ce to do oneself \xv 1. lakəkš no \xe 'only me.' \xv 2. lakəkš pi \xe 'only you.' \xv 3. lakəkš kikə \xe 'only us.' \xv 4. laškəkəkš (Ϟor tškəkəkš) \xe 'only that' (or 'it is only that' or 'it is alone'). \xv 5. lakʰkəkəkš \xe 'I am alone.' \xv 6. nokš kʰin \xe 'it is mine.' \xv 7. pikš pʰin \xe 'it is yours.' \xv 8. kəkstsʰin \xe 'it is his.' \xv 9. kəkstsʔax \xe 'it is his bow.' \xv 10. hesaʔax ʔan kəkstsʰin \xe 'this bow is his.' \xv 11. laškəkʰkəkš, musʔił lulasəwus \xe 'he lived alone; he had no one to speak with.' \xv 12. laʔikəkš tšipošʰotš \xe 'that was all they knew.' \xv 13. kapikəkš lokaʔaliyaš \xe 'you are going alone on this road.' \xv 14. kaqʰkəkš \xe 'I eat a thing straight or unmixed with other things.' \xv 15. kilakəkš ʔisułkuw kałkitwo \xe 'it comes out at night only.' \xv 16. kikəkš kikoko, lokałʔił ʔalałpay \xe 'our Father in Heaven.' \xv 17. yəlaʔa lokaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš, ʔan husinaʔał (Ϟor husitiqip) losalamtowtowšpi lakəkš no kalmuhuknaʔał, kəwə kušiʔik pakeʔet sikʔułya \xe 'all the men are going to war, I alone am not going, because I have a sore finger.' \xv 18. kišušmaxyə̀t ʔan laʔkə́kš loʔkašpahawàš kałsukitwò \xe 'and pulled it out only the skeleton-of-animal-whole and complete which was sticking out.' \sd verbs \sd vadjectivals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.713.2-715.1, 720.4; Daughter52; Travels31 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx kəkʰkək \a kəkkəkš \ps v \ge alone, be \de to be alone \mr [<(kə (ϡpro.formϡ) + -k ()).ϡredupϡ>] \cf kəkəkš \ce to be alone \cf kəkš \ce to be one’s own; to be alone \xv 1. kaškəkʰkəkš \xe 'she was all alone.' \xv 2. laškəkʰkəkš, musʔił lulasəwus \xe 'he lived alone, he had no one with whom to speak.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.712.3-713.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kənəʔət \rd kənkənəʔət \a kənəʔət \a kənəʔə̀t \a kənət- \va (kənət-) \ps v \ge go around \ge put around \de to go around; to put around \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkənəʔət \pde to go around.NZ; to put around.NZ \pdl v \pdv kənətli \pde to go around.DIR; to put around.DIR \pdl v \pdv kənətstiʔiy \pde to go around.CIS; to put around.CIS \cf ʔałkənəʔət \ce runner (in a type of game) \cf kənətli \ce to go around outside in a circular direction \cf kənətstiʔiy \ce to come around to \cf qałkənəʔət \ce to gather around; to surround (voluntarily) \cf səkənəʔət \ce to cause to wrap around \cf suqałkənəʔət \ce to place in a circle \cf tałkənəʔət \ce to wrap one's arms around (so the hands touch) \xv 1. kʰkənəʔət \xe 'I put it around [my waist].' \xv 2. kʰkənəʔət \xe 'I go around in a circle.' \xv 3. tskənkənəʔət \xe 'he goes around' (three times). \xv 4. tskənətli \xe 'it runs around [the table or waist there].' \xv 5. kʰkənətli \xe 'I go around outside of a circle.' \xv 6. tskənətstiʔiy \xe 'he comes around to where I am.' \xv 7. kʰkənətli lokapʔap \xe 'I went around your house.' \xv 8. tskənətli ʔispax sitʔaya \xe 'it is ringed around with abalone.' \xv 9. kiskənəʔə̀t heʔalałpay loʔkałʔilikʔenpi loʔkaʔałšəpə̀š \xe 'he did turns about the sitting-down Coyote.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.715.2-717.2; Travels12 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kənətli \ps v \ge go around outside in a circular direction \de to go around outside in a circular direction \mr [] \cf ałpu \ce to go around inside of \cf ałpunli \ce to skirt around the corner of \cf kənəʔət \ce to go around; to put around \xv 1. kʰkənətli lokapʔap \xe 'I went around your house.' \sd motion \sd verbs \sd path \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.242.3-243.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kənətstiʔiy \ps v \ge come around to \de to come around to \mr [] \cf kənəʔət \ce to go around; to put around \xv 1. tskənətstiʔiy \xe 'he comes around to where I am.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.717.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kənkənəʔət \ps v \ge go around.REDUP \ge put around.REDUP \de to go around.REDUP; to put around.REDUP \cf kənəʔət \ce to go around; to put around \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəpə \rd kəpəʔəʔə \a kəpə̀ \ps prcl \ge now \ge today \de now; today \cf kəpəʔəʔə \ce right now \xv 1. kəpə hesuʔułkuw \xe 'tonight.' \xv 2. kəpə hešiyʔišaw \xe 'this day.' \xv 3. kay kəpə hešaʔałkuʔum \xe 'right at this season of the year is the time for the birds to come,' \rf 90.55.4 \xv 4. kəpə ʔan kaskuʔum kištum \xe 'the time for laying eggs has arrived.' \xv 5. kəpə ʔan tšišawi \xe 'now it is summer time.' \xv 6. kəpə heʔišup \xe 'this year.' \xv 7. kikəpə ʔan hukʰkəyəmi \xe 'and now I straighten up, stand, or get up straight.' \sd chronometry \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.717.4-718.1; 91.306.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kəpəʔəʔə \ps prcl \ge right now \de right now \gn ahorita \dn ahorita \mr [] \cf kəpə \ce now; today \sd chronometry \sd particles \lg JHP; TJPH \rf 89.718.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx kəw \rd kəwkəʔəw \ps n \ge chest \ge pectorals \de chest; pectorals \et *kVwV \ec Compare BOI kɨw ‘chest,’ CRZ kɨw ‘chest,’ OBI tʸɨwɨ ‘chest’ (Klar 1977: 75) \xv 1. sikʰkəw \xe 'my chest.' \xv 2. kušiʔik hešikʰkəw \xe 'I have pain in my chest.' \xv 3. hukitʔomomo loʔiskəw \xe 'I am going to hit him with my fist in his chest.' \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.719.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəwə \a kiwə \va (kiwə) \ps conj \ge because \de because \xv 1. ts’ip, “ ’askúkù ’ał’ałkepke’ep hekakʰkepmu?” kiwə munašištiyepušwaš hałtskumi lokax’anwa \xe 'he said, “who is bathing in my pool?” for they had not told him of the arrival of the woman.' \xv 2. kikasʔip, "no ʔan kʔałkilamu, kəwə šwalaməš hesiksəpmu, mukpošʰotš nisʰuyuwahanit” \xe 'when she said, “I am crazy, for this load is heavy, I do not know that this little one cares for me so much”.' \xv 3. ʔan tšnuxiliwəłtš kəwə musʔił hałtsʔaxwi \xe 'she felt ashamed because she was naked.' \xv 4. kiskʔilitapi kəwə tsʰuyaməʔə, kikasməʔə \xe 'she rushed into the water wishing to drown herself, and she was drowned.' \xv 5. payikula qnowoqnowo, kiwə loʔkašluyət ʔan husaxsəw kihuswoqo loʔkatomoł \xe 'it is good that they seek boards without knots even though they are short, for the knot will dry and the canoe will leak.' \xv 6. kipaqmił kiwə nayikoxšòł \xe 'and drink water, for I have pissed.' \xv 7. pikš ppošótš kiwə pmatʔunuʔùw loʔkapwopowàš loʔkałʔamtənus \xe 'only you might know, for you are heir to your grandfather who is now called old fish.' \sd conjunctions \xv 8. kihušwašətš supilikʔe kəwə kaswanaʔał ʔisamilikʔe \xe 'so it will be well [for you] for it is the custom.' \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Glutton100-102, 177-178, 192-193; Tomol22-24; Travels118-119, 127-128 \dt 21/Jun/2019 \lx kəwəkəw \ps n \ge horsetail \de horsetail \gn cañutillo \dn cañutillo \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (80 82). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.62.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəwkəʔəw \ps n \ge chest.REDUP \ge pectorals.REDUP \de chest.REDUP; pectorals.REDUP \cf kəw \ce chest; pectorals \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəw̓ə \ps v \ge dry up \de to dry up \cf šapəškəwə \ce to bail out (water from) \cf šapəškəwənəʔəš \ce bailing instrument \xv 1. kihuskəw̓ə yəlaʔa heʔsoʔo \xe 'so that all the waters will dry up.' \sd verbs \sd water \lg TJPH \rf Travels37 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəyəmi \ps v \ge straight, be \de to be straight \cf ʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \ce arrow straightener \cf ʔaqkəyəmi \ce to straighten (arrow) in fire \cf aqtkəyəmi \ce to straighten arrows \cf sapikəyəmi \ce to straighten with fire \cf səkəyəmi \ce to straighten; to put in a row \cf sukəyəmi \ce to hold an arrow against the right-hand side of bow when shooting \cf šałkəyəmi \ce to straighten (arrow) with hot stone \cf šałkəyəm̓i \ce heated stone for straightening arrows \xv 1. tskəyəmi \xe 'it is straight' (said of a line, etc.). \xv 2. kʔuwe kʰan ʔismaqutinaʔał ʔan tskowowonli muskəyəmi \xe 'when it runs it goes sidewise, does not go straight ahead.' \xv 3. wašətš hekakya tskəyəmi \xe 'my arrow is good and straight.' \xv 4. kikəpə ʔan hukʰkəyəmi \xe 'and now I straighten up.' \xv 5. huknowo, hukʰkəyəmi \xe 'I have to get up and straighten out.' \xv 6. saʔałkəyəmi \xe 'something straight.' \xv 7. sipon̓ saʔałkəyəmi \xe 'a straight stick.' \xv 8. inoqšit losipon̓ saʔałkəyəmi! \xe 'cut through that straight tree for me!' \xv 9. kʰqisə ʔapi niskəyəmi \xe 'I sight along arrow to see if it is straight.' \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.709.1-711.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kəyəw \rd kəykəyəw \ps v \ge beg \ge ask for \ge cause \de to beg; to ask for; to cause \xv 1. kikaskəyəw soʔo \xe 'and she begged for water.' \xv 2. tskəykəyəwus lokaʔatʔaxatš ki lahušušumiš \xe 'it was causing the man misery.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.711.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəykəyəw \ps v \ge beg.REDUP \ge ask for.REDUP \ge cause.REDUP \de to beg.REDUP; to ask for.REDUP; to cause.REDUP \cf kəyəw \ce to beg; to ask for; to cause \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ki= \a ki \va (ki) \ps procl \ge SBO.OVLP \de subordinating proclitic \ee This prefix indicates that the following clause is subordinate to the main clause. This procilitic generally indicates that the clause to which it attaches provides background information that does not move the discourse forward. It is also used to indicate a sequence of events which overlap. May also have topicalizing functions. Glossed as SBO.OVLP. \xv 1. ki pi, muhupiwišitu ? kišʰiʔin siʔixpanəš \xe 'and you, do you not want to go with me? we two will go acorning.' \xv 2. kikašnəw kisaxinaʔał \xe 'he sings and then he dances' (for you begin to sing before you begin to dance). \xv 3. kasaxinaʔàł kikašnəw \xe 'and he dances and he sings' (might use this expression since he is dancing quietly for prey). \xv 4. kihuki pałqisə ? \xe what are you looking at?' \xv 5. kihuki ʔałnaqša ? \xe 'of what did he die?' \sd proclitics \sd prefixes \sd discourse \lg TJPH \rf 89.22, 203-205, 218.1; 92.463.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx -ki- \cf -kə- \ce pronominal formative \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kihu- \cf ku-1 \ce positive purpose prefix \sd variations \dt 23/Jul/2018 \lx -kik- \ps vroot \ge rake \de rake \cf ʔuskikaʔaš \ce scratching instrument \cf axkik \ce to gnaw \cf tikikš \ce to comb one’s hair \cf uškik \ce to scratch (oneself) \cf uškikutš \ce to be scratched \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 28/Dec/2018 \lx kika= \a kika- \ps procl \ge SBO.SUCC \de subordinating proclitic \ee Used to indicate a sequence of events which do not overlap (completely). Glossed as SBO.SUCC. \sd proclitics \sd prefixes \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kikə \ps pro \ge 1PL \ge first person plural (subject) \ge we three or more \ge us three or more \de first person plural; we three or more; us three or more \ee Glossed as 1PL. \mr [] \cf kiškə \ce first person dual ; we two; us two \xv 1. kanaw̓a skuʔùm kisaqʰmił loʔkamom̓oy winay kakikə kiwatitšòhò \xe 'when the time came for him to drink the toloache, Winay and we finished.' \sd pronouns \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Coyo95 \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx kil- \a kił- \va (kił-) \ps pre \ge SBO.NZ \ee A combination of the subordinate proclitic ͽki= and the nominalizer ͽʔal . Glossed as SBO.NZ. \xv 1. knunaʔał soʔoxoy kiłtsaya ʔan mə \xe 'I took the small gathering basket (ͽʔoxoy) but the large gathering basket (ͽtsaya) I left behind.' \xv 2. loʔkaʔołołkʔoy ʔan tsʰwotołkʔoy heʔišup husqisə hukiłtsaqutikatʰ, laʔkʰan simusʔił tsaqutikatʰ ʔan tskumì lokašnunawùtš \xe 'the porpoise goes around the world to see what will hinder it, and when there is no obstacle or nothing the matter it comes back to where it started from.' \sd prefixes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.721.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kilamu \a kilamù \ps v \ge crazy, be \ge insane, be \de to be crazy; to be insane \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kilamu ‘to be crazy; to be stupid,’ INZ kilamu ‘to be stupid; to be crazy’ (Whistler 1980: 13; SYBCI 2007: 177) \cf sukilamu \ce to make insane \xv 1. pkilamu \xe 'you are crazy.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʰkilamu \xe 'I am insane.' \xv 2. tskilamu lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'that man is crazy.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔałkilamu, kəwə šwalaməš hesiksəpmu mukpošʰotš \xe 'I am crazy, for my burden is heavy and I don’t know if he loves me.' \sd emotions \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd cognition \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 89.721.4-722.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kilik \ps n \ge hawk species \de hawk species \ee Described as nesting in cliffs or caves and not in trees, and described as being the smallest of hawk species. \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.178; 71.481.2-483.1; 81.208.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kiłkaʔaš \rd kiłkiłkaʔaš \ps n \ge tide pool \de tide pool \cf kaʔaš \ce to be a pool; to be pooled up \xv 1. lokaškiłkiłkaʔaš \xe 'the tide pools.' \sd ocean \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 89.722.3 \dt 15/Jun/2018 \lx kiłkiłkaʔaš \ps n \ge tide pool.REDUP \de tide pool.REDUP \cf kiłkaʔaš \ce tide pool \sd reduplications \dt 28/Jun/2011 \lx kimiʔi \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kimiyiʔi \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kimiyiʔiy \a kimiʔi \a kimiyìi \a kimiyii \a kimiyiʔì \a kimiyiʔì \a kimiyiʔi \a kimiyiyʔi \a kimiyiʔì \rd kimkimiyiʔi \va (kimiʔi, kimiyiʔi, kimiyii, kimiyiyʔi) \ps v \ge return to \ge go back to \ge do again \de to return to; to go back to; to do again \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kimi(y) ‘to do again,’ INZ kimi ‘to repeat; to resume; to do again’ (Whistler 1980: 13; SYBCI 2007: 178) \cf aximasəx \ce to do/happen thrice \cf axitu \ce to do/happen again \xv 1. hukʰkimkimiyìi \xe 'I am going to repeat an act again and again.' \xv 2. tsikimkimiyiʔi ʔisiyipus \xe 'they kept saying to her.' \xv 3. tskimiyiʔi ʔišuliʔiš lokaštałhəw \xe 'she again picked up her child.' \xv 4. tskimiʔiy ʔišapiwelexš \xe 'he dodged again.' \xv 5. kasamkimiyiʔiywa \xe 'and they do it again.' \xv 6. hukʰkimiyiʔiy \xe 'I am going to do it again.' \xv 7. tsalinuxitʔisi ʔisalinowo, kikawaskimiyiʔiy ʔisʰuyoʔoš ʔan tsyətini lokaxaʔax kaʔatʔaxatš, kištitap \xe 'he stood sad (?) and wated a hen again and the big rooster came and chased him away.' \xv 8. muhukʰkimiyiyʔi \xe 'I will not do it again' (said when one is sorry he has done something). \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.723.1-724.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kimiyii \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kimiyiyʔi \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kimkimiyi \cf kimkimiyiʔi \ce to return to.REDUP; to go back to.REDUP; to do again.REDUP \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kimkimiyiʔi \a kimkimiyìʔi \a kimkimiyi \ps n \ge return to.REDUP \ge go back to.REDUP \ge do again.REDUP \de to return to.REDUP; to go back to.REDUP; to do again.REDUP \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kin \ps prcl \ge furthermore \ge even \de even; furthermore \ee Harrington's speaker never used ͽkin, but, rather, ͽkinupan. However, ͽkin does appear in narratives. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kim ‘CONJUNCTION’ (Whistler 1980: 40) \xv 1. muštšúm kin \xe 'I can tolerate it no longer.' \xv 2. muku kin ʔałtšunuqš \xe 'he is not Indian, furthermore, he is Spanish.' \xv 3. kiwə lokaʔałšəpəšiwaš kayuseqʰweł loʔkaʔašəpəšiwaš ʔan mukałtšuwaqʰmas kin heʔišup ka kałtšuwaqʰmas \xe 'because Coyote is going to make me not despise him, but I rejected god, I reject the world.' \xv 4. musiyiweq kin lasiyitata \xe 'they do not pound it up in the mortar, but they never grind it in the mortar' (lit., they always never grind it). \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.725.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kina- \ps vpre \ge by death \ge death, by \ge INSTR.death \de by death \ee Glossed as INSTR.death. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kina- in kinanikʼoy ‘to come back to life; to revive (intransitive),’ INZ kina- ‘death or unconsciousness’ (Whistler 1980: 13; SYBCI 2007: 178) \cf kinakəkš \ce to die involving one; to die alone \cf kinamasəx \ce to die involving three \cf kinanikʔoyi \ce to resurrect from the dead \cf kinatunus \ce to die with smn \cf kinatutš \ce to die involving two \cf kinawił \ce to die smwh \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kinakəkš \ps v \ge die involving one \ge die alone \de to die involving one; to die alone \mr [] \cf kəkš \ce to be one’s own; to be alone \xv 1. tšaqša tskinakəkš \xe 'he dies alone.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.726.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kinakukaypi \ps v \ge lean against \de to lean against \cf sukinakukay \ce to lean smth against \xv 1. tskinakukaypiyił \xe 'he leaned against you.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH \rf 89.726.2; 90.596.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kinamasəx \ps v \ge die involving three \de to die involving three \mr [] \cf masəx \ce three \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd health \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.726.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kinanikʔoyi \ps v \ge resurrect from the dead \de to resurrect from the dead \ee Harrington notes that this was an important word said of Coyote. \mr [] \cf ixmay \ce to cause to faint \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \xv 1. kʰkinasikʔoyi \xe 'I died and was dead for several hours and came to myself again.' \xv 2. tskinanikʔoyi \xe 'he resurrects.' \sd verbs \sd religion \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.726.4-727.1; 94.349.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kinatunus \ps v \ge die with smn \de to die with smn \mr [] \xv 1. huskinatunus lokaštete \xe 'she shall die along with her mother.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.727.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kinatutš \ps v \ge die involving two \de to die involving two \mr [] \xv 1. tšišaqša tšiškinatutš \xe 'two die.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd health \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.727.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kinawił \ps v \ge die smwh \de to die smwh \mr [] \cf kinawiłmu \ce place where people die \xv 1. nełtskinawił \xe 'where did he die.' \xv 2. tsuniyəw suskinawił \xe 'I am going to see where he will die.' \xv 3. neʔešuštəł šuškinawił \xe 'he has found the place where he is going to die.' \xv 4. lokakʔaliwə ʔan tskinawiłpi lokaskoko \xe 'my brother died at the house of his father.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.727.4-728.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kinawiłmu \ps n \ge place where people die \de place where people die \mr [] \cf kinawił \ce to die smwh \sd places \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.728.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kinomnomoy \ps v \ge turn around.REDUP \de to turn around.REDUP \cf kinomoy \ce to turn around \sd reduplications \dt 17/Mar/2011 \lx kinomoy \rd kinomnomoy \ps v \ge turn around \de to turn around \cf alikinomnomoy \ce to toss and turn in bed \cf alikinomoy \ce to turn over (as in bed) \cf aputikinomnomoy \ce to go around (said of water) \cf pałkinomoy \ce to turn wrong side out \cf sukinomoy \ce to turn smth over \cf sunikinomoy \ce to turn around; to make turn around \cf suwałkinomnomoy \ce to roll smth around \cf uškinomoy \ce to turn over smth \xv 1. tskinomoy \xe 'he turned around (as on a pivot) standing.' \xv 2. kʰkinomnomoy \xe 'I stand and turn myself round and round as on a pivot.' \xv 3. kʰkinomoy \xe 'I turn whole body around, round about face.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 3.88.19.1; 3.89.342.2, 729.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kiškə \ps pro \ge 1DU \de first person dual ; we two; us two \ee Glossed as 1.DU \mr [] \cf kikə \ce first person plural; we three or more; us three or more \xv 1. kiškə ʔan kisqisə \xe 'we two see.' \sd pronouns \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.206.4, 209.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kitkitwo \ps v \ge move out.REDUP \ge go out.REDUP \ge leave.REDUP \de to move out.REDUP; to go out.REDUP; to leave.REDUP \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kitwo \a kitwò \a kitwò \a kitʰwo \rd kitkitwo \rd kitwoʔo \va (kitwon-) \ps v \ge move out \ge go out \ge leave \de to move out; to go out; to leave \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kitwon̓ ‘to emerge; to come out; to go out,’ INZ kitwon ‘to come out; to exit; to emerge,’ PUY kitwopi ‘to spring out from’ (Whistler 1980: 13; SYBCI 2007: 179; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv kitwoniʔiy \pde to move out.REP; to go out.REP; to leave.REP \pdl v \pdv kitwonpi \pde to move out.APL.LOC; to go out.APL.LOC; to leave.APL.LOC \cf apikitwo \ce to embark (in a boat); to leave port; to go out in a boat \cf axukitwo \ce to cast out earth (as the gopher does) \cf kʔilikitwo \ce to get out in a hurry; to get out quickly \cf maxsukitwo \ce to pull out of \cf nukitwo \ce to carry out \cf pilikitwo \ce to move (flow) out of \cf siwałkitwo \ce to throw out \cf sukitwo \ce to make go out; to make move out \cf šušałkitwo \ce to throw 2+ things out of smth \cf tipašukitwo \ce to shove a thing out by unsteady shoves \cf tsiłkitwo \ce spring (of water) \cf walikitwoʔoʔo \ce to leave first \cf wisukitwo \ce to peck out; to wash ashore \cf yułkitwo \ce to have acne; to have pimples \xv 1. kʰkitwo \xe 'I go out.' \xv 2. neʔe skitwo \xe 'he has already gone out' (to live in the country). \xv 3. kamusikitwoniʔiy \xe 'they didn't come out again.' \xv 4. tskitwo siktənək \xe 'tears come to my eye.' \xv 5. ne ʔisikitwo simakał \xe 'the bats already went out.' \xv 6. tskitwo hesikixsma \xe 'the sleepseed comes in my eyes.' \xv 7. kʰkitwo simentana \xe 'I went out through the window.' \xv 8. husikitwoniʔiy ʔisʰa \xe 'he is going to have a new set of teeth come in' (idomatic way to say this). \xv 9. tskitwo saʔan heʔisʔək \xe 'blood is coming from his mouth.' \xv 10. no ʔan kikšił supkitwo \xe 'I gave you your liberty' or 'I give you your liberty.' \xv 11. tsikitkitwo hešaʔaliyaš \xe 'they are going out into the street.' \xv 12. musunikitwo hesuʔutʔam \xe 'it never leaves the river.' \xv 13. tswał kiskitwo lokaʔaqtəwəw \xe 'it is pierced and the air comes out.' \xv 14. pinaʔał lokałkitwonpi kaʔo \xe 'go ye to the spring of water.' \xv 15. lokanaštəʔəʔə kʰqunup ʔan neʔesikitkitwo hesikuhkuʔu \xe 'when I was a child the Indians were going home.' \xv 16. mupkitwoʔo hemitəpə lapiliklikʔe ʔitimaʔam! \xe 'don’t go outdoors, stay in here!' \xv 17. knixenus yəlaʔa lokašik, kikaskitwoʔo kisitsʔaʔał \xe (I took the hairbrush and combed her head) 'and got all the lice out and she went out to play.' \xv 18. kikanupan tskitwo lokašmałwilutš \xe 'when the afterbirth comes out.' \xv 19. kʔuwe kanawa sułkuw kisikitwoniʔiy lokapštə \xe 'but night comes the pštə come forth again.' \xv 20. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tskitwo ʔałyułtʔuł kisʰuwatiqip \xe 'the man went out mad and slammed the door.' \xv 21. tsqisə ʔisʔəł tskitkitwo \xe 'she had a leg sticking out.' \xv 22. kilakəkš ʔisułkuw kałkitwo \xe 'it comes out at night only.' \xv 23. tskitwo loʔišaqšaqšanuʔutš \xe 'he arose from the dead.' \xv 24. muskitwo šikoxšoł (Ϟor mukoxšoł) \xe 'I could not urinate' (lit., 'I did not put out urine' or 'I did not urinate'). \xv 25. kikaskitwo lokaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'and she left the village.' \xv 26. mupkitwoʔo hemitəpə lapiliklikʔe ʔitimaʔam ! \xe 'don't go out doors, stay in here!' \xv 27. lamunaməʔək ʔiskitwonwaš lokaʔapʰanəšmu kikasʔip \xe 'before very much time passed after she left the village said.' \xv 28. kuštəł suʔuštšʰəmənəš saʔałtšum, kiksukitwo, knunaʔał lokakʔap \xe 'I found the buried treasure, I got it and took it home.' \xv 29. tsisuwayopuswu lokapałpaliʔi neʔesisuyakitwo kuhusisinay ʔisilanlantšuʔu, kuhusisinay šaʔałhaputš kasikawayu \xe 'they begged permission from the priests that they wanted to leave and establish farms and have cattle and horses.' \xv 30. lokanaštəʔəʔə kʰqunup ʔan neʔesikitkitwo hesikuhkuʔu \xe 'when I was a child the Indians were going home.' \xv 31. ʔiti ʔan mušpelonušaš kəwə mitʔi šipułhewu; kilatšə ʔišupšuʔup kišnaʔał muntana, məʔək lošaʔałtəhətš muntana, kanawa skitwo ʔiti ʔan laswatwatipelonušaš kilakałkumli (Ϟor kinelaskumli) montana, kanawa husimokʔotʔiy ʔan sesanta pesus ʔipiʔiw \xe 'here he does not shear because there are few sheep; he is always going to Montana, it is far that place called Montana; when he starts out here he shears his way there little by little and reaches Montana and when he returns it costs him $60.00.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89. 177.2, 186.2, 248.1, 270.4, 324.1, 665.1; 90.296.4; 91.47.1 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx kitwoʔo \ps v \ge move out.REDUP \ge go out.REDUP \ge leave.REDUP \de to move out.REDUP; to go out.REDUP; to leave.REDUP \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kitsepawit \a kitsepawitʰ \ps name \ge Kitsepawit \de Kitsepawit \ee This was the Chumash name of Fernando Librado. \sd people \sd names \lg TJPH \rf Coyo88 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx kiw \ps n \ge mussel (small-sized) species \de mussel (small-sized) species \ee These were eaten raw as medicine. These species are distinct from the 6 in. (15.2 cm) or longer mussels called ͽtʔo. \sd animals \sd ocean \sd shellfish \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.223.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kiwə \cf kəwə \ce because \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kla \ps v \ge broken, be \de to be broken \sy noqš \cf nikla \ce to break with the hands \cf watikla \ce to break on impact \cf wikla \ce to break with a blow \xv 1. tskla hesiksa \xe 'my tooth is broken off.' \xv 2. ʔałkla ʔixəp \xe 'broken stone.' \xv 3. lokaʔałkla kaxəp \xe 'the broken stone.' \xv 4. tskla kikwatšʔəw \xe 'it broke and I threw it away.' \xv 5. lokaplatu kaʔałka \xe 'the plate that is broken all to pieces.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.740.3-741.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx klawus \ps n \ge nail (hardware) \de nail (hardware) \mr [] \xv 1. hukwisəx hesiklawus \xe 'I pound the nail using a hammer.' \xv 2. musisunuwus hałklawus, sitipəš, sisunuwus lokatok \xe 'they used to use no nails, they sewed them with dogbane' (said of tomoł). \sd tools \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.741.3-4; 92.482.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kmen \ps vroot \de -meaning uncertain- \ee May be a variant of xmen ‘to fall apart; to fall over.’ \cf siqiłkmen \ce to blink; to wink \cf xmen \ce to fall apart; to fall over \sd vroots \sd untranslated \lg TJPH \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ko- \hm 1 \ps vpre \de by cutting \ee Glossed as INSTR.cutting. \cf ka-6 \ce by cutting \cf konoqš \ce to cut (as with a knife) \sd variations \dt 29/Sep/2018 \lx ko= \hm 2 \a kò= \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \sd variations \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx koko \a koʔko \a ʰokó \a qoqo \va (koʔko; qoqo) \ps n \ge father \ge dad \de father; papa; dad \ee Sometimes this term appears in the data as ͽqoqo. This should not be confused with ͽqo ‘pet.’ \cf kokonwaš \ce father.PST; papa.PST; dad.PST \xv 1. lokakʰkoko \xe 'my father.' \xv 2. kʰqisə siqunup kʔuwe mukpošotš ʔasku ʔałtskóko \xe 'saw a child , but I do not know who its father is.' \xv 3. lokasqoqo hesiqunup \xe 'the father of this child.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukʰkunoyus lokakʰkoko kihuknaʔał maʔam \xe 'I am going in front of my father (near or far from him), I am going home.' \xv 5. ʔalałpaʔaʔay kasilikʔe lokakikoko \xe 'Our Father [who art] in heaven.' \xv 6. huknaʔał losalotoyinpi lokaqoqo \xe 'I am going to the grave of my father.' \sd kinship \sd people \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 69.88; 90.2.2-4.3; 92.557.2-558.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kokonwaš \ps n \ge father.PST \ge papa.PST \ge dad.PST \de father.PST; papa.PST; dad.PST \mr [] \xv 1. kay ʔan kakʰkokonwaš \xe 'he was my father' (it is understood that the father has died). \sd kinship \sd people \sd lifecycle \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 92.557.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kokoyal \ps v \ge rear up with (as is said of a horse with a rider) \de to rear up with (as is said of a horse with a rider) \ee Verb may be transitive. \mr [] \xv 1. tsʔił tsiku sałʔip sikawayu saʔałxupani ʔan ʔisułkuw ʔan musxupani, kʔuwe no ʔan mukšuwašətš kəwə tskokoyalit saʔałxupani sikawayu kʰen tsmaxuyułkuw \xe 'people say that a wild horse is gentler at night, but I don’t believe it for a bronco horse once reared up with me in the dark.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.4.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kolis \ps n \ge cabbage \de cabbage \mr [] \xv 1. tštapi hemaʔam ʔišʔuxšaʔaš sikolis \xe 'the smell of the cabbage is coming into this room.' \xv 2. hukšuniwəš hesikaldo ʔisanorya kasikolis \xe 'I am going to add carrots to the soup and cabbage.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd plants \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.200.2; 91.107.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx koloy \ps n \ge crab species \de crab species \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI koloy ‘crab species,’ CRZ pkoloy ‘big seacrab,’ INZ possible cognate ʼolwoy̓ ‘shellfish species’ (Whistler 1980: 14; Beeler & Klar 1977b: 81; SYCBI 2007: 256) \ee Described as having no mandibles and being larger and rounder than the ͽxway. \xv 1. tšaqʔuš ʔi koloy \xe 'barnacle on crab’s leg.' \sd animals \sd shellfish \sd ocean \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 70.27.1; 81.148.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx komunyon \ps n \ge communion \de communion \gn comunión \dn comunión \mr [] \xv 1. kšuwašətš lokaespiritu santo, lokasantaʔilesya katolika, lokasikomunyon kasansantuʔu \xe 'I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Holy Catholic Church, and the communion of saints.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd religion \lg TJPH \rf 90.507.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -konin- \ps root \ge worm \de worm \cf ʔałkoninitš \ce smth wormy \cf koninitš \ce to be wormy (said of rotten meat not of wood) \cf tskonin \ce worm; angleworm \sd roots \sd animals \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx koninitš \ps v \ge wormy (said of rotten meat not of wood), be \de to be wormy (said of rotten meat not of wood) \mr [] \cf ʔałkoninitš \ce smth wormy \cf topšoqʔi \ce to be rotten (said of wood) \cf tołmow \ce to be rotten (as said of meat that stinks) \xv 1. tskoninitš \xe 'it is wormy' (said of a dead horse). \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.6.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -konono- \cf -kʰonono- \ce ?related to grinding \sd variations \dt 05/Jul/2011 \lx konoqš \a koʔnoqš \va (koʔnoqš) \ps v \ge cut (as with a knife) \de to cut (as with a knife) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkonoqš \pde to cut (as with a knife).NZ \cf ʔatsʔəsi \ce to shave \xv 1. kʰkonoqš \xe 'I cut with a knife.' \xv 2. tškonoqš sikʔoqwo \xe 'they cut my hair.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʰkonoqš hesikʔəł \xe 'I cut my foot with a knife.' \xv 4. laxula ʔan [tsi]konoqsus heʔisʔoqwo, losalamtowtowš \xe 'it seems they scalped him in the war' (omission of ͽtsi- seems to be in error). \xv 5. kʰanwa ʔiškonoqš ʔan tšniqaiqʔalaw(sp?) hesikʰoqwo \xe 'every time he gave a cut he pulled my hair out.' \xv 6. laʔkʰan ʔisʔił ʔišluʔyət loʔkaʔaxipeneš, laʔkʰan ʔisalaqwaʔay suʔamsukitwo ʔiškom̓ ʔan tšikoʔnoqš tsamkeseʔqe loʔkašluʔyət \xe 'if the board has a knot, and if they can get two boards out of it, cut it, removing the knot.' \xv 7. ałkonoqš ʔiyʔoqwo \xe 'he cuts hair, is a barber.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.215.4; 90.5.2-7.2; Tomol6 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kopkop \ps n \ge toad \de toad \sd amphibians \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.176.2-178.1 \dt 03/Apr/2015 \lx koton \ps n \ge shirt \de shirt \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv kotoniwaš \pde old shirt (shirt.DEPR) \xv 1. tsʔił ʔiskoton sixus \xe 'he has a bear shirt' (said of ͽʔałʔatəšwənitš). \xv 2. kapkotoniwaš \xe 'thy old shirt.' \sd clothes \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.7.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kotše \cf kotši \ce pig \sd variations \dt 31/Mar/2011 \lx kotši \rd kotškotšiʔi \a kotše \va (kotše) \ps n \ge pig \de pig \mr [] \xv 1. tsoqkonono lokakotšə \xe 'the pig grunts.' \xv 2. lokakotškotšiʔi \xe 'the swine.' \sd animals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.8.2-3 \dt 16/Jul/2019 \lx kotškotšiʔi \ps n \ge pig.REDUP \de pig.REDUP \cf kotši \ce pig \sd reduplications \dt 31/Mar/2011 \lx kowli \ps n \ge copper \de copper \mr [] \xv 1. šukuyaʔaš ʔikowli \xe 'a copper kettle.' \sd elements \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.9.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -kowo- \ps vroot \ge movement to one side \de movement to one side \cf alikowowo \ce to be lying on one's side \cf axikowowo \ce to move quickly while on one’s side \cf kasukowowo \ce to cut slantwise; to cut at an angle \cf kowonli \ce to go sideways \cf kowokowo \ce to go/sway from one side to the other \cf maxsukowowo \ce to drag smth tipped \cf oxtopokowowo \ce to move tipped to one side \cf salikowowo \ce to put lying on one's side; to bevel \cf simoxkowowo \ce to place to one side \cf sukowowo \ce to tilt smth; to hold to one side; to hold an arrow against the left-hand side of bow when shooting \cf šukowowonəʔəš \ce instrument held slanting; bow held slanting \cf tikowowo \ce to ride side saddle \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kowokowo \ps v \ge go/sway from one side to the other \ge sway/go from one side to the other \de to go/sway from one side to the other \ee Reduplicated form of ͽkowo (though this is not an attested word). \mr [] \xv 1. tskowowo \xe 'he sways from one side to the other.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.9.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kowonli \ps v \ge go sideways \de to go sideways \mr [] \xv 1. kʔuwe kʰan ʔismaqutinaʔał ʔan tskowowonli muskəyəmi \xe 'when it runs it goes sideways, does not go straight ahead.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.9.3; 91.10.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kowowo \ps v \ge one-sided, be \ge side, be on one \ge beveled, be \de to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kowowon ‘to be on one’s side,’ INZ -kowon- ‘to be tipped’ (Whistler 1980: 14; SYBCI 2007: 185) \mr [] \cf alikowowo \ce to be lying on one's side \cf axikowowo \ce to move quickly while on one’s side \cf kasukowowo \ce to cut slantwise; to cut at an angle \cf maxsukowowo \ce to drag smth tipped \cf oxtopokowowo \ce to move tipped to one side \cf salikowowo \ce to put lying on one's side; to bevel \cf simoxkowowo \ce to place to one side \cf sukowowo \ce to tilt smth; to hold to one side; to hold an arrow against the left-hand side of bow when shooting \cf šukowowonəʔəš \ce instrument held slanting; bow held slanting \cf tikowowo \ce to ride side saddle \xv 1. tskowowo \xe 'it is on one side.' \xv 2. ksukowowo \xe 'I am going to make it tilt,' or 'I am going to tilt it.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 90.9.2,4; 91.10.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx koyho \ps v \ge lame, be \ge unable to walk, be \ge walk, be unable to \de to be lame; to be unable to walk \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkoyho \pde to be lame.NZ; to be unable to walk.NZ \xv 1. kʰkoyho \xe 'I am lame.' \xv 2. tsyət saʔałkoyho \xe 'there comes a cripple.' \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.2.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx koyo \ps name \ge Coyo \de Coyo \ee This is a placename. \sd places \sd names \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Coyo15 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ktut \ph kʰtʊt \ps n \ge spider \ge tarantula \de spider; tarantula \gn araña \dn araña \cf ʔayaʔkʰa \ce (any) small spider; octopus \cf ktut hesimuwu \ce octopus species \cf ktut hesixəp \ce octopus species \xv 1. kʰtut ʔi mitʔi \xe 'small spider.' \xv 2. kʰtut (hemišup) \xe 'tarantula.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd insects \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ktut hesimuwu \ps n \ge octopus species \de octopus species \ee Literally, ‘rock spider/tarantuala.’ Also called ͽktut ͽʔi ͽʔalamałpi. \cf ktut \ce spider; tarantula \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 70.49.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ktut hesixəp \ps n \ge octopus species \de octopus species \ee Literally, ‘rock spider/tarantuala.’ \cf ktut \ce spider; tarantula \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.50.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ktšon \sc Anas carolinensis \ps n \ge green-winged teal \ge teal, green-winged \de green-winged teal \ee Described as having a brown head with blue black eyes. This may also be a cover term for a number of duck species. \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.491.2-492.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ku \a kù \a kù \rd kuhkuʔu \ps n \ge person \ge human \ge highly respected human \ge human, highly respected \ge Indians (the Chumash) \de person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \ee This term was used to refer to people in general, but also to refer to American Indians themselves. However, it is unclear how many tribes/groups this word might include. \et *kuh (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI ku ‘person,’ INZ kuw ‘person,’ OBI ti-tʸu ‘person’ (Klar 1977 104) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv kuniwaš \pde worthless person \cf ʔałtsinaxkuhu \ce ghost \cf ʔałtšinaxkuhutš \ce one who makes others die by dreams of the dead \cf ʔitškuhu \ce to defend smn; to help smn fight \cf akuhu \ce to be many people \cf tanikuhkuʔu \ce to be superior to \cf tsiyełʔiku \ce bead(s) \xv 1. no ʔan kʰku \xe 'I am a person.' \xv 2. wašətš ʔiku \xe he/she is a good man/woman \xv 3. yəlaʔa hesikuhkuʔu \xe 'all the people' (of the world). \xv 4. syət siku \xe 'somebody is coming.' \xv 5. tšaqša siku \xe 'somebody is dead.' \xv 6. hušiałhaʔaš hesikuhkuʔu \xe 'people will talk about it' (about relatives living as a man and wife). \xv 7. ʔalahušaqša łku (Ϟor hušaqša siku) \xe 'somebody is going to die.' \xv 8. masəx sikukuʔu \xe 'three persons' (in the God-head). \xv 9. tšiqipš ʔiti ʔi šup siʰkuhkuʔu \xe 'this world is full of people.' \xv 10. ʔəhə siku šałʔiyoxonəšpi \xe 'many feared her.' \xv 11. yəlaʔa hesiku saʔaliyilikʔe ʔiti ʔišup \xe 'everyone in the world.' \xv 12. hušiałháʔàš hesikuhkúʔu \xe 'two people will talk about it.' \xv 13. lokaku ʔan tsʔił ʔisiʔayuwhat \xe 'the people had their small winnowing baskets.' \xv 14. nawaʔaʔay ʔi ku \xe 'a very old/ancient person.' \xv 15. muštšum ʔi šup, muštuhuy kisamtʔoloqʰ yəlaʔa hesikuhkuʔu \xe 'this year is bad, no rain, the people are all hungry.' \xv 16. tsasʰunanwu sikukuʔu lokaxʔanwa kihusiyutʔaʔaw sitimew̓ \xe 'she commanded the people to hunt rabbits.' \xv 17. hesikuhkuʔu kʔuwe yəlaʔa tsiyʔuw šipəʔəš kašiyʔiyʔałtšunuqš ʔan tsiyʔuw, ʔəhə saliyaqtšum lokapəʔəš \xe 'the Indians all (all those down the coast) ate acorn mush and those of the nation ate it, there were lots of those of the nation who liked it' (‘of the nation’ refers primarily to Spaniards). \xv 18. ʔiti hesałtikumus hesimuwu ʔan neʔešišełxe sikuhkuʔu losixaxaʔax ʔišup ʔan kałʔiyakuhu sikuhkuʔu kʔuwe muʔišukepeš, musiqutitšwałyəkwu sipałpaliʔi \xe 'here on the coast the Indians have become extinct, but in the big mountains there are many and they don't know priests.' \xv 19. nawnawayʔiwaʔaš ʔi ku \xe 'the first people.' \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.82; 90.11.1-17.1; 92.567.2-570.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ku- \hm 1 \ps vpre \ge PURP.POS \de positive purpose prefix \ee This prefix is used on verbs, and it is glossed as PURP.POS. Harrington (Harrington 1986: 3.93.83.2) indicates that ͽkihu- is the positive purpose prefix and counterpart to the negative purpose prefix ͽʔa-. No examples of kihu as a seemingly unified morpheme are accounted for in the data, however. The prefix ͽku- would seem to be a combination of those two prefix, however, and may be what Harrington was referring to. Glossed as PUR.POS. \mr [] \cf ʔa- \ce negative purpose prefix \xv 1. huksunaʔał kuhušnaʔał \xe 'I let [a captive bird] loose.' \xv 2. hukilikʔe kuhukʔuwlilo \xe 'I am going to sit down while I eat.' \xv 3. lahukušʰo kuhuseqmelew \xe 'I am going to let the cow lap the calf.' \xv 4. munatštə kuhusaməkənli \xe 'they do not go far.' \xv 5. mitʔiniʔiʔi kuhušipšəł \xe 'a bit longer and it is well done.' \xv 6. laʔušʰo kuhušnali maʔam! \xe 'let him go home!' \xv 7. huksutapi hesinə kuhukaqʰkəyəmi \xe 'I am going to put [this stick] in the fire so that I can straighten it.' \xv 8. hukʰkuwoy kuhukʰin hesixəp \xe 'I stood over [so that I could] pick up this stone.' \xv 9. iwałtə kuhuskitwo [OR kuskitwo] hemitəpə! \xe 'chase this dog that he goes out of here!' \xv 10. nełʔuluknetus kuhukaqwayapiyuw \xe 'how am I going to revenge myself on you people?' \xv 11. huksinay soʔo hesinə kuhusapitsʔə \xe 'I put some water on the fire so it will get hot.' \xv 12. tšiʔatišwə ʔipistuk, kuhušiyaqša \xe 'gopher poison.' \xv 13. huksutapi hesinə kuhukaqʰkəyəmi \xe 'I am going to straighten this stick in the fire.' \xv 14. lunes kuhuskumli lokakišʔiputš \xe 'Monday is the coming day of which we two spoke.' \xv 15. huksutikumus hesinə kuhušuxtišaw \xe 'I am going to bring or move the chicken near to the fire so that it will be warm.' \xv 16. ksuwelewele kuhusiyapiyam lokatəpk \xe 'I am going to shake to make the walnuts fall.' \xv 17. tsamsukitwonus heʔisxət kuhušoxšoł \xe 'they have his penis sticking out so that he can urinate.' \xv 18. no ʔan hukiwəš xwan kuhukišnaʔał lokasʔap \xe 'I will accompany Juan to his house.' \xv 19. huksinay ʔiti kuhukełtse kuhukušiqom \xe 'I am going to put it here, wrap it up and keep it.' \xv 20. laʔkʰan suptapinwù ʔan kusiyaqʰwətəypìʔił \xe 'if you put yourself among such people then they will make you do what they intend' (literally, 'they will shadow you'). \xv 21. huksutiyək siqas hesiktsaya kuhušwašətš \xe 'I am going to put sand in to give it a good shape.' \xv 22. hukušpay hemišup, kuhukustsʔəmə hekakʰqo \xe 'I am going to bury my dog.' \xv 23. hukeqweł ʔišinayəʔəš kuhušulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'I am going to make a trap to catch the rats.' \xv 24. husisinay simakina kuhusisukitwo siʔaseyte \xe 'they are going to install a machine for getting oil.' \xv 25. kikasiyikuswu lokaqunqunup kuhušiyaqškʔutwəš \xe 'and they give him to the children to play with.' \xv 26. hukeseqen(w)us lamitʔi kaypi kuhusaqʰskʔatata \xe 'I remove a little at the base of crack so that it will clap better.' \xv 27. lasʰuyuskumuʔus kuhušuliʔiš kʔuwe mušahaʔaš kiwə məʔək \xe 'the baby was reaching out its arms to take hold of its mother but could not reach her for she was to far away.' \xv 28. kisisyikus saʔaxʔaxiyeʔep kuhusitpeni, kuhusikitwo šikumkumeʔeł \xe 'and they gave her medicines that she might recover.' \xv 29. huknunaluʔus hesikʰkawayu lokaʔelelu, kuhusʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tskeseqenus heʔismaʔam ʔištoy̓ kinupan kasʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tšwišutapinwu siklawus lokasʔeqenmu \xe 'I am going to take my horse to the blacksmith, he is going to shoe him, he cuts away the part under the hoof and nails the shoe on.' \xv 30. tsisuwayopuswu lokapałpaliʔi neʔesisuyakitwo kuhusisinay ʔisilanlantšuʔu, kuhusisinay šaʔałhaputš kasikawayu \xe 'they begged permission from the priests that they wanted to leave and establish farms and have cattle and horses.' \xv 31. kəpə hesinapwašətš, latšə ʔišnaxšnaxyəʔət ʔan hupeqweł kuhupkeʔep, hupkepleł lokaskepmu kapʔaliwə kuhupwašətš \xe 'you are now convalescing, the thing for you to do will be for you to bathe every morning, you will bathe in the bathing-pool of your brother in order to make yourself well.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd mode \lg TJPH \rf 90.296.4; 92.660.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ku- \hm 2 \ps vpre \ge INSTR.setting \ge setting (upright), having to do with \de having to do with setting (upright) \ee Glossed as INSTR.setting. \cf ʔaqškʔutinay̓ \ce plaything; toy \cf akuškuy \ce to aim \cf kupilinaʔał \ce to go/run in a current (as is said of water) \cf kuštiyət \ce to get through (not using the conventional path/entrance); to sneak in \cf kuštiyətmu \ce place to come through; place to stick out \cf kutiyət \ce to tame \cf kuwiłpi \ce to adorn; to fit well; to suit \cf kuyam \ce to ride horseback; to be seated on top of smth \cf kuyaməʔəš \ce chair; seat \cf lukuyam \ce to bud; to have buds \cf sukuyam \ce to set on end; to put down from a horse \cf šaqškutałputš \ce to consider; to think about; to be of an opinion \cf ?šukuštimay \ce to misplace; to lose smth \cf tikusuwaya \ce to raise slightly \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuʔum \a kum \a kúm \a kuʔùm \a kúʔùm \a kuʔùm \a qum \va (kum, -qum-) \ps v \ge arrive (as is said of a point in time) \ge come \ge meet \ge come to smn \de to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \ee This seems to be used for an expected time (or recurring time). \et *ki/um \ec Compare BOI kumi ‘to arrive,’ CRZ čum ‘to arrive,’ INZ kum ‘to arrive,’ OBI tutʸimłhi ‘to arrive’ (Klar 1977: 41) \cf ʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \ce thankful one \cf ʔalaxškumu \ce land snail species \cf alaqkuʔum \ce I. to do a favor for II. to be grateful towards smn \cf apiqiłkuʔum \ce to be soaked through by hot water \cf aqkum \ce to be full of food; to eat to satisfaction \cf aqutikumeł \ce to be opposite of; to be facing \cf axškumu \ce to be lost; to be stray \cf axukumu \ce to be round/full (said of the moon only) \cf itaxkumeʔeł \ce to understand (by hearing) \cf kumeʔeł \ce to move straight (to) \cf kumi \ce to arrive at one’s home; to come home; to arrive \cf kumiti \ce to arrive here \cf kumli \ce to arrive at \cf kummu \ce place/time to come to \cf kumšaš \ce to be close together \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \cf kumulaʔa \ce to fit \cf kʔiłtšukumšaš \ce to be somewhat close together \cf lukumli \ce to grow to expected dimensions \cf luqumšaš \ce to grow together (straight out together the same distance apart not touching) \cf nukum \ce to arrive bringing; to come bringing \cf nukumi \ce to arrive home bringing smth \cf nukumpiyaš \ce dance (type) \cf qałkum \ce to get an idea; to have an idea come to one \cf qiłkuʔum \ce to soak in water; to be soaked through \cf quntikumli \ce to make smth go as far as \cf saqkutikumelus \ce half-way point \cf saxukumu \ce to do with moderation; to do with measure \cf sukumli \ce to make arrive \cf sukumu \ce to measure \cf sukumulaʔa \ce to measure to a point \cf sukumus \ce to overtake \cf suqiłkuʔum \ce to soak smth \cf sutikum \ce to get near; to put near \cf suyatikum \ce to want to be near \cf suyuskumuʔus \ce to try to reach out one’s arms; to stretch out one’s arms to take \cf šukumšaš \ce to put close together \cf šukumunaš \ce line \cf šukumušaʔaš \ce measuring device; measurement \cf šuyuškum \ce to want to catch (by reaching for) \cf tikum \ce to be against; to be next to \cf tikumšaš \ce to be bundled together; to be near each other \cf ułkumeli \ce to go directly to; to make a bee-line for \cf uqtkumu \ce to trim arrow feathers with hot rock \cf uškum1 \ce to reach for \cf walakum \ce to arrive quickly (at) \cf walikumli \ce to arrive first; to come first \cf walisukumuʔus \ce to get close to \xv 1. tskuʔum lokalamipuspi \xe 'the time arrived for that that they had set.' \xv 2. kanawa skuʔum susʔuwlilo \xe 'when her mealtime arrived.' \xv 3. neʔeskuʔum ʔispeyiniʔiy \xe 'the time of flowering arrived a second time.' \xv 4. kʰan ʔiskuʔum ʔiskummu kaypi kisinaʔał \xe 'when the time arrives they depart.' \xv 5. kəpə ʔan kaskuʔum kištum \xe 'now the time for laying eggs has arrived.' \xv 6. kisʔipus, "pnaʔał mitsqanaqʔan pʰkuʔum loʔka kʔapʰ" \xe 'he said to him, “go to Ventura and arrive at my house.” ' \xv 7. tskumit \xe 'he reached where I was.' \xv 8. kʰkumił \xe 'I came to where you were.' \xv 9. tskum siku \xe 'somebody arrived.' \xv 10. tskumit šaʔaqšanəš \xe 'the crippled came where I was.' \xv 11. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan nupan ʔałkum \xe 'this man is a new-comer.' \xv 12. kanawa skum lokanunašəš ʔan tsʔipus lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'when the Devil arrived the man said to him.' \xv 13. kitpen lokanawaʔaʔaʔy ʔan tskumuswu šaʔaqšanəš lokatšotšonəʔəš \xe 'I remember that a long while ago the fishes got an epidemic.' \xv 14. tsʔip lokaqunup husikum siʔałnunapala yitipakeʔes tskaʔaškom \xe 'he says that 500 Pala Indians are coming.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.22.2-23.4, 53.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuhkuʔu \a kukuʔu \va (kukuʔu) \ph kʊhˈkʊʔʊ \ps n \ge person.REDUP \ge human.REDUP \ge Indians (the Chumash).REDUP \ge highly respected human.REDUP \de person.REDUP; human.REDUP; highly respected human.REDUP; Indians (the Chumash).REDUP \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -kuhu- \ps vroot \ge related to humans \ge humans, related to \de related to humans \mr [] \cf ʔałtsinaxkuhu \ce ghost \cf ʔitškuhu \ce to defend smn; to help smn fight \cf akuhu \ce to be many people \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \cf sinaxkuhun \ce to make others die from dreams of (the) dead \sd vroots \sd roots \sd people \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kukamoŋa \ps n \ge Cucamonga \de Cucamonga \ee This is a placename. \sd places \lg TJPH; KO \rf Glutton12 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx kukuʔu \cf kuhkuʔu \ce person.REDUP; human.REDUP; highly respected human.REDUP; Indians (the Chumash).REDUP \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kulilaw \ps n \ge porpoise \de porpoise \dt 16/Jul/2018 \lx kumali \ps n \ge comale \de comale \mr [] \sy šuštow \sy uqtʔawəyəʔəš \sy uštow \xv 1. kakʰkumali \xe 'it is my comale.' \xv 2. lokašuštow \xe 'el comale.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd Nahuatl \sd tools \sd food \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.24.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kumeʔeł \a kumeʔèł \a kumel \ph kʊmɛˀɛɬ \va (kumel-) \ps v \ge move straight (to) \de to move straight (to) \ee Note obligatory use of directional applicatives. \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv kumeli \pde to move straight (to).DIR \pdv kumełtiʔiy \pde to move straight (to).CIS \cf aqutikumeł \ce to be opposite of; to be facing \cf itaxkumeʔeł \ce to understand (by hearing) \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf sukumeʔeł \ce to direct; to give direction to \cf saqkutikumelus \ce half-way point \cf šuwaškumeł \ce to steer \cf ułkumeli \ce to go directly to; to make a bee-line for \xv 1. tskumeli \xe 'he goes straight there.' \xv 2. tskumełtiʔiy \xe 'he is coming directly.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʰkumeli \xe 'I am going straight to' (the watercloset). \xv 4. laskumeli sałʔiłpi lokayułʔuw \xe 'he goes straight where his food is.' \xv 5. muskumełtiʔiy \xe 'he does not come straight here.' \xv 6. muksuyołkʔoli hukkonkonoqš hesaʔalamle kinahukʰkumeli kihukuliʔiš lokatsʔohoy kaʔaliyaš \xe 'I don’t want to go way around, I am going to cut the wire and am going straight to the other road and get the road.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.27.3-29.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kumeł \rd kumkumeʔeł \ps adj \ge bad, be \ge ugly, be \ge unpleasant, be \ge homely, be \ge impure, be \de to be bad; to be ugly or homely; to be unpleasant; to be homely; to be impure \cf kumeliwaš \ce smn/smth of no value \cf kumełtiyutš \ce to have a natural-born deformity or illness \xv 1. kumeł ʔipoš \xe 'he has a bad heart.' \xv 2. mukaqtšum hešaʔatʔaxatš, kumel ʔištəq \xe 'I don't like this man, he has an ugly face.' \xv 3. kumeł ʔisaputitšʔə \xe 'it is a strong or bad current.' \xv 4. kumeł ʔištəq \xe 'it has an ugly face.' \xv 5. kumeł tšałnetpi \xe 'it is bad; it is not good.' \xv 6. pałnunał lokakumkumeʔeł ʔisiyeqwelił \xe 'forgive the slanderers.' \xv 7. kasułku ʔan kʔatəšwətš sikum kumeliwaš, kumeł sikʔatəšwətš \xe 'last night I dreamt horrible things, my dream was bad.' \xv 8. kimupušʰouyuw likiyapiyam lokakumeł, kʔuwe sunapayiyuw lokakumeł \xe 'lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd common \sd stative \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.24.4-27.2; 92.578.2-579.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kumeliwaš \rd kumkumeliwaʔaš \ps n \ge smn/smth of no value \ge smth/smn of no value \ge value, smn/smth of no \de smn/smth of no value \ee This word has connotations of being bad (this is a more forceful meaning), whereas ͽkumeł has connotations of being simply unpleasant, ugly, etc. \mr [] \cf kumeł \ce to be bad; to be ugly or homely; to be unpleasant; to be homely; to be impure \xv 1. kumeliwaš ʔiku \xe 'he is a bad man.' \xv 2. lakumeliwaš ʔiyeqweleš \xe 'it is bad work.' \xv 3. kumeliwaš lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'that man has no value.' \xv 4. kumeliwaš sixʔanwa ʔałkilamu \xe 'whore' (lit., 'bad woman crazy one'). \xv 5. kumeliwaš ʔixʔanwa tšwatšʔəw ʔistałhəw \xe 'bad woman, she left her child.' \xv 6. hesipapeł ʔištəqšaʔaš ʔan kumeliwaš \xe 'this paper is dirty colored.' \xv 7. nipʔipwaš dios ʔan kumeliwaš ? \xe 'did you use the Lord’s name in vain?' (Harrington’s translation: 'you have said it bad?'). \sd descriptions \sd people \sd insults \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.29.3-31.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx kumełtiyutš \ps v \ge have natural deformity \ge deformity, have natural \de to have a natural-born deformity or illness \mr [] \cf kumeł \ce to be bad; to be ugly or homely; to be unpleasant; to be homely; to be impure \xv 1. kʰkumełtiyutš \xe 'I have a natural born deformity.' \xv 2. tškumełtiyutš lokaskoko \xe 'he inherits sickness or any bodily or mental trait from his father.' \xv 3. tsʔił sikaqʔus, kkumełtiyutš \xe 'I have a sore by heredity.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.31.4-32.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kumi \ps v \ge come home \ge arrive at one's home \ge arrive \de to arrive at one’s home; to come home; to arrive \ee Compare with ͽkum 'to arrive anywhere,' ͽkumli 'to arrive somewhere specific,' and ͽkumiti 'to arrive here (said of a stranger arriving)' \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf nukumi \ce to arrive home bringing smth \cf yəti \ce to arrive; to arrive again \xv 1. nupan ʔiskumi \xe 'he just arrived.' \xv 2. nupaʔaʔan ʔiskumi \xe 'he just now arrived.' \xv 3. kʔuwe munaskumi \xe 'but he has not arrived yet.' \xv 4. lataninupan ʔiskumi \xe 'he arrived only a short time ago.' \xv 5. neʔeskumí kšaʔay \xe 'my daughter has already arrived.' \xv 6. kʰkumiʔił \xe 'I arrive at where you are.' \xv 7. tsamkumi siku \xe 'the people arrived at a place.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.23.4, 32.3-35.2; 92.582.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kumiti \ps v \ge arrive here \de to arrive here \ee This is said of a stranger arriving at a house; this is opposed to a family member, in which case ͽkumi would be used. \mr [] \cf ʔiti \ce here \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \sd motion \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.35.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kumkumeʔeł \ps adj \ge bad, be.REDUP \ge ugly, be.REDUP \ge unpleasant, be.REDUP \ge impure, be.REDUP \ge homely, be.REDUP \de to be bad.REDUP; to be ugly.REDUP, to be unpleasant.REDUP; to be homely.REDUP; to be impure.REDUP \cf kumeł \ce to be bad; to be ugly or homely; to be unpleasant; to be homely; to be impure \sd reduplications \dt 03/Jun/2019 \lx kumkumeliwaʔaš \ps n \ge smn/smth of no value.REDUP \de smn/smth of no value.REDUP \cf kumeliwaš \ce smn/smth of no value \sd reduplications \dt 15/Jun/2018 \lx kumli \ph kʊmblɪ \a kum(b)li \a kum(b)lì \a kumlì \a kumlì \a kumlin \va (kumlin-) \ps v \ge arrive at \de to arrive at \mr [] \sy ahaʔaš \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf lukumli \ce to grow to expected dimensions \cf quntikumli \ce to make smth go as far as \cf sukumli \ce to make arrive \cf walikumli \ce to arrive first; to come first \xv 1. muskumlinwaš \xe 'I did not arrive.' \xv 2. tskumli \xe 'he arrived over there,' \xn 'llegó allá.' \xv 3. ʔoyonit kihukʰkumli \xe 'help me to reach the place!' \xv 4. neʔe kʰkúmli ponom \xe 'I arrived at Oxnard' (or the Ponomo site). \xv 5. no ʔan hukmaxatʔam kanawa huskumli ʔisʰinʔišaw \xe 'I am going to make a fiesta on San Miguel’s day.' \xv 6. muskumlinwaš lokaʔatʔaxatš kəwə šnikʔoyi \xe 'the man did not arrive for he turned back.' \xv 7. nee ka skumli ʔi šʰinʔišaw si muhusilikʔe ʔiti šup \xe 'the day arrived in which he no longer lived on this earth.' \xv 8. nee ka skumli ʔi šʰinʔišaw si muhusilikʔe ʔiti šup \xe 'the day arrived to him of no longer living.' \xv 9. neʔe kʰumli lokasʔap silinahuwit \xe 'after I arrived at the house of Silinahuwit.' \xv 10. maliʔiʔi latšwayək hukikumli \xe 'we would not even get to Los Pitos.' \xv 11. lawaliʔiʔin hukʰkumli tšwayək \xe 'I shall arrive at Los Pitos soon.' \xv 12. no ʔan kʰkumli lokašixututš katəptəpʰə \xe 'I reached a place where there had been a fire in the forest.' \xv 13. mupušʰo luskumli hemišup ! \xe 'do not let it fall to the ground!' \xv 14. sinawa kʰkumli ʔan neʔe štaktə́nwaš lokašʰatiwə \xe 'when I arrived he had already killed his wife.' \xv 15. kikakʰkumli ʔan ʔəhə siku salamalitlitkʔəy ʔan neʔemuštəʔəʔən hałkušiʔik kałwašətš suknaʔał \xe 'but when I arrived there were lots of people already there waiting and my pain wasn’t very bad any more and it seemed good to me to go.' \xv 16. ʔiti ʔan mušpelonušaš kəwə mitʔi šipułhewu; kilatšə ʔišupšuʔup kišnaʔał muntana, məʔək lošaʔałtəhətš muntana, kanawa skitwo ʔiti ʔan laswatwatipelonušaš kilakałkumli (Ϟor kinelaskumli) montana, kanawa husimokʔotʔiy ʔan sesanta pesus ʔipiʔiw \xe 'here he does not shear because there are few sheep; he is always going to Montana, it is far that place called Montana; when he starts out here he shears his way there little by little and reaches Montana and when he returns it costs him $60.00.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.22.4, 36.1-42.1; 92.584.2-587.1; Glutton7 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx kummu \ps n \ge place/time to come to \de place/time to come to \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \xv 1. ʔan tsʔił ʔiskummu kisiyət \xe 'they have their time for arriving here in this country.' \xv 2. kʰan ʔiskuʔum ʔiskummu kaypi kisinaʔał \xe 'when the time arrives they depart.' \xv 3. lokanawnawaʔaʔaʔy ʔan tšipošʰotš ʔisikummu ʔišišaqškʔunapaš \xe 'the ancient people knew the fishing grounds well.' \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.42.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kumpisał \a kunpisał \va (kunpisał) \ps v \ge confess \de to confess \mr [] \xv 1. kakanaʔaʔay ʔan hupšaqškutałputš sipatsatsakaʔaw, kumpisał yəlaʔa, hupuxninikʔəyi, hupsuyeqweł šiwašətš \xe 'you consider first your sins, confess with repentance all the mortal sins, and intend to make amends.' \sd verbs \sd religion \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.645.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kumšaš \ps v \ge close together, be \de to be close together \mr [] \an paqpaq \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf šukumšaš \ce to put close together \cf šukumušaʔaš \ce measuring device; measurement \cf tikumšaš \ce to be bundled together; to be near each other \xv 1. tšikumšaš lokaswałwaʔał \xe 'the holes are close together' (not touching but close together). \xv 2. no ʔan kšukumšaš \xe 'I make them close together.' \xv 3. tšiškumšaš \xe 'they two are near together but not touching.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.43.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kumu \a kumù \a kumù \ps vt \ge come to (a place or location) \de to come to (a place or location) \ee This can be said of hair coming to a certain place on a person’s body or of actual movement to a place where someone stands. \mr [] \cf ʔalaxškumu \ce land snail species \cf axškumu \ce to be lost; to be stray \cf axukumu \ce to be round/full (said of the moon only) \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf saxukumu \ce to do with moderation; to do with measure \cf sukumu \ce to measure \cf sukumulaʔa \ce to measure to a point \cf sukumus \ce to overtake \cf suyuskumuʔus \ce to try to reach out one’s arms; to stretch out one’s arms to take \cf šukumunaš \ce line \cf šukumušaʔaš \ce measuring device; measurement \cf šuyuškum \ce to want to catch (by reaching for) \cf uqtkumu \ce to trim arrow feathers with hot rock \cf uškum1 \ce to reach for \cf walisukumuʔus \ce to get close to \xv 1. kilokasʔoqwo ʔan neʔeskumuʔus heʔisqit \xe 'and her hair already reached to her waist.' \xv 2. kanawa sitaxsə yəlaʔa lokałnetpu, kikašišyət kašiškumuʔus lokalilikʔenpi kašišʰaʔaʔay \xe 'when he had heard the whole story they came and arrived at the place where their daughter was.' \xv 3. kayuškuʔum ʔi saqikumu \xe 'the cresent (of the moon).' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 79.25.2; 90.45.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kumulaʔa \a kumulaʔà \a kumula \ps v \ge fit \de to fit \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf sukumulaʔa \ce to measure to a point \xv 1. kʔuwe kisukukowowo kikaskumulaʔa \xe 'we tipped the bed on one side and it went through.' \xv 2. lokamitəpə ʔan mitʔi kimuskumulaʔḁ lokaxayanəš \xe 'the door was very small and the bed would not go through it.' \xv 3. tsiyaqulmow sipon̓ ʔišʔułyinaʔaš sałkumulaʔa \xe 'they choose of the right length.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.43.4-44.2; Daughter20 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kuna \rd kunkunaʔa \ps n \ge nephew (sister's son) \de nephew (sister's son) \xv 1. kʰkuna \xe 'son of my younger sister.' \xv 2. lokapʰkuna \xe 'your younger sister's son.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.237.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx kuniwaš \ps n \ge worthless person \ge person, worthless \de worthless person \ee Harrington notes that this is a good word. \mr [] \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \sd people \sd insults \sd phrases \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.209.2; 72.209.2; 90.45.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kunkunaʔa \ps n \ge nephew (sister's son).REDUP \de nephew (sister's son).REDUP \cf kuna \ce nephew (sister's son) \sd reduplications \dt 01/Jul/2011 \lx kunoʔoy \a kunoy \va (kunoy-) \ps v \ge go ahead \ge guide \ge lead \de to go ahead; to lead; to guide \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkunoʔoy \pde one who goes ahead \cf nukunoʔoy \ce to guide smn \cf sukunoy \ce to put ahead; to put in front of \xv 1. tskunoʔoy \xe 'he guides.' \xv 2. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tskunoyit \xe 'this man is going in front of me (both are walking along)' Cannot be said of being in front of me when I am seated. \xv 3. no ʔan hukʰkunoyus lokakʰkoko kihuknaʔał maʔam \xe 'I am going in front of my father [near or far from him].' \xv 4. ʔałkunoʔoy \xe 'he who goes ahead.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.217.1; 90.46.1-2 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx kunpisał \cf kumpisał \ce to confess \sd variations \dt 30/Mar/2011 \lx kununuy \cf kun̓un̓uy \ce to bow one’s head \sd variations \dt 09/Dec/2012 \lx kun̓ \rd kun̓kun̓ \ps n \ge rabbit (dark brown species) \de rabbit (dark brown species) \ee This word denotes a type of rabbit species smaller than the ͽtimew̓. \et *kuniʔ \ec Compare BOI kun̓ ‘rabbit,’ CRZ kun̓ ‘rabbit,’ INZ kun̓ ‘rabbit,’ OBI tʸuniʼ ‘jackrabbit,’ PUY akun̓ ‘rabbit’ (Klar 1977: 105-106) \cf ma \ce jackrabbit \cf timew̓ \ce cottontail rabbit; ground squirrel \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.405; 71.868.1-869.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kun̓kun̓ \ps n \ge rabbit (dark brown species).REDUP \de rabbit (dark brown species).REDUP \cf kun̓ \ce rabbit (dark brown species) \sd reduplications \dt 07/Jan/2013 \lx kun̓un̓uy \a kununùy \ps v \ge bow one’s head \de to bow one’s head \xv 1.kanawa šišałtəš ʔan numiš ʔišišitpen sałʔišnehetpi kišiškun̓un̓uy \xe 'when the two met, they remembered the time when they were lively, and they bent down.' \sd verbs \sd manners \sd body \lg TJPH \rf Greetings1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kupilinaʔał \ps v \ge go/run in a current (as is said of water) \de to go/run in a current (as is said of water) \ee Harrington notes that ͽtspilinaʔał and ͽtskupilinaʔał are both used. However, his consultant never heard the latter word, though he understood it was the same in meaning. \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf pilinaʔał \ce to go running/trickling out of (said of liquids) \xv 1. kikanawa šišaw ʔan tspilinaʔał \xe 'when it is hot it trickles down.' \xv 2. tspilinaʔał \xe 'the water goes running in a current.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd motion \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.47.2, 365.4, 366.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -kupin- \ps vroot \ge lit, be \de be lit \cf sukupin \ce to light a light \cf šukupinaʔaš \ce candle; light \cf tsukupin̓ \ce glowworm \sd vroots \sd roots \lg JPH; TJPH \dt 23/Apr/2012 \lx kusax \rd kuskusaʔax \ps n \ge forehead \de forehead \gn frente \dn frente \cf alikusaxpi \ce to lie with the forehead on \xv 1. (he)sikʰkusax \xe 'my forehead.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.47.4-48.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx kuskusaʔax \ps n \ge forehead.REDUP \de forehead.REDUP \cf kusax \ce forehead \sd reduplications \dt 01/Jul/2011 \lx kuštiyət \ps v \ge sneak in \ge get through (not using the conventional path/entrance) \de to get through (not using the conventional path/entrance); to sneak in \mr [] \cf kuštiyətmu \ce place to come through; place to stick out \cf tiyət \ce to move closer to \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. tškuštiyət \xe 'he got through' (not coming through a door). \xv 2. nełpkuštiyət ? \xe 'where did you get through the fence?' (not used of coming through the gate). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.48.3; 92.595.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kuštiyətmu \ps n \ge place to come through \ge place to stick out \de place to come through; place to stick out \ee This seems to indicate an opening in otherwise consistently uniform material. \mr [] \cf kuštiyət \ce to get through (not using the conventional path/entrance); to sneak in \cf tiyət \ce to move closer to \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. tsʔił ʔiškuštiyətmu \xe 'it is a place for its head to stick out' (said of a turtle). \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.48.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kuta \a kutà \ps v \ge get up \ge slope up \de to get up; to slope up \ee This is not said of the sun. \cf ʔanaqtskutanpinpin \ce killdeer; small beach birds \cf alikuta \ce to wake up at night \cf maxkuta \ce to slope up at an acute (45°) angle \cf piłkuta \ce to straighten up (when released) \cf qilikuta \ce to look up \cf qulukuta \ce to pry up \cf sukuta \ce to lift up \cf sunaxskuta \ce to feed breakfast \cf škuta \ce east wind \cf unaxskuta \ce to eat in the morning \cf unikuta \ce to wake up very early \xv 1. tskuta \xe 'he got up.' \xv 2. kwelexš lokasʔap kʔuwe kakʔamiwu mušnupnupahaʔa munaskuta \xe 'I passed my friend's house but there was no noise' (he had not gotten up). \xv 3. kʰkuta ʔismaqtuʔu muʔułkuw \xe 'I got up at midnight.' \xv 4. kuta! \xe 'get up!' (said to sleeping person). \sd verbs \sd common \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Daughter104 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kutet \rd kutkuteʔet \et *kVtet \ec Compare BOI kutet ‘breast,’ CRZ ?tutu ‘breast,’ INZ kutet ‘breast,’ OBI tʸeteʼ ‘breast,’ PUY kutetʼ ‘breast’ (Klar 1977: 72) \ee Always say tskutet, never say tškutet of any animal (the latter sounded ill formed to Harrington’s consultant). \cf aqtipałyət \ce to suck (as from a straw); to draw towards \cf sukutet \ce to suckle smn/smth \se I \ps n \ge breast \de breast \xv 1. sikʰkutet \xe 'my breast.' \xv 2. hekaxʔanwa ʔan neʔesʔił ʔišʔapš heʔiskutet \xe 'the woman has already milk in her breasts.' \xv 3. sikʰkutkutèʔèt \xe 'my breasts' (both of them). \xv 4. tšʔapš hesikʰkutet \xe 'the heat of my breasts.' \xv 5. qunup ʔiʔałkutet \xe 'baby of breast.' \xv 6. musʔił kʰletši hesikʰkutet \xe 'I have no milk in my breasts.' \se II \ps v \ge suckle (as from a breast) \de to suckle (as from a breast) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkutet \pde smth of the breast \xv 1. tskutet \xe 'she sucks.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʰkutet \xe 'I suck milk from breast.' \xv 3. tsʰukutet ʔistałhəw̥ \xe 'she suckles her child.' \xv 4. kayukseqenus suskutet \xe 'I am going to wean the baby.' \sd body \sd food \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 81.110.4; 89.101.3; 90.50.1-51.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kutitwałyək \a kutitwałyə̀k \ps v \ge know smn/smth \ge aquainted with, be \de to know smn/smth; to be aquainted with \xv 1. kaqškutiwəš lokaʔanatʔamam kiskutitwałyəkit \xe 'I played with the raccoon and so he knows me.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʰkutitwałyək hešaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I know (am aquainted with) this man.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.52.1-2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kutiyət \ps v \ge tame \de to tame \mr \cf tiyət \ce to move closer to \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. hukmasnał hesikawayu \xe 'I am going to tame this horse.' \xv 2. lokapali ʔan tsikutiyətuswu lokakuhkuʔu \xe 'the fathers tamed the people.' \sd animals \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.52.1-2 \dt 28/Jun/2019 \lx kutkuteʔet \ps n \ge breast.REDUP \ge suckle (as from a breast).REDUP \de breast.REDUP; to suckle (as from a breast).REDUP \cf kutet \ce breast \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kutkutʔuy \ps v \ge pile, be in a.REDUP \de to be in a pile.REDUP \cf kutʔuy \ce to be in a pile \sd reduplications \dt 30/Mar/2011 \lx kutʔuy \rd kutkutʔuy \ps v \ge pile, be in a \de to be in a pile \cf qiłkutʔuy \ce to sink \cf xiłkutʔuy \ce to sink (into water) \xv 1. tskutʔuy \xe 'it is a pile' (of potatoes, sand, etc). \xv 2. lokaštuwaš kakušwekey ʔan neʔeskutʔuy \xe 'the shells I have thrown out are already in a pile.' \xv 3. kaʔisqapsqaʔap ʔan laskutkutʔuy hemišup \xe 'and there are many feathers (under the trees) on the ground.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 90.52.3-53.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kutšala \ps n \ge teaspoonful \de teaspoonful \mr [] \xv 1. masəx sikutšala \xe 'three teaspoonfuls.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.53.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuwa \ps prcl \ge wait \de wait \ee This is used to say to someone, 'wait a minute' or 'wait' in the sense of 'do not do what you are going to do, wait a minute' \xv 1. kuwa \xe 'wait, don't do it!' (said to a person). \xv 2. kuwa lamitʔiʔiʔi \xe 'wait a little' \xn 'espera un poquito!' \xv 3. lakuwa \xe 'wait a while' (do not want any coffee now but in a little while). \xv 4. lakuwamitʔiʔiʔi \xe 'in just a little while but not now.' \lg JPH \sd particles \rf 90.57.4-58.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kuwiłpi \ps v \ge adorn \ge fit well \ge suit \de to adorn; to fit well; to suit \ee This word seems to be generally used of humans. However, if one has altered a house and added new ornaments then ͽtskuwiłpi ͽhesaʔap can be used of the house. \mr [] \xv 1. kkuwiłpi hesikʰkamisa \xe 'my shirt fits me well.' \xv 2. kʰkuwiłpi \xe 'my clothes fit me well.' \xv 3. tskuwiłpi lokasʔaxʔaxwiʔi \xe 'it looks well on him.' \xv 4. kaqułmow sułkuwiłpi \xe 'I chose that which suited me best.' \xv 5. musʔił ʔałkuwiłpi \xe 'it has no use' (said of tasting mush that is no good). \xv 6. wašəʔəʔətš lokaxʔanwa, kʔuwe musʔił ʔałkuwiłpi, kiwe ʔałniwonla kahe ʔalaxpak \xe 'she was a good looking woman, but her beauty did not become her for she was lazy and stingy.' \xv 7. kaypi kuskuwiłpi \xe 'therefore it suits me.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.58.3-60.1; 94.397.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuwkuʔuw \ps n \ge coast live oak.REDUP \de coast live oak.REDUP \cf kuw̓ \ce coast live oak \sd reduplications \dt 24/Apr/2012 \lx kuwoy \ps v \ge stoop \de to stoop \xv 1. hukʰkuwoy \xe 'I stoop.' \xv 2. hukʰkuwoy kuhukʰin hesixəp \xe 'I stood over (I ducked) to pick up this stone.' \xv 3. kikəpə ʔan hukʰkəyəmi \xe 'and now I straighten up, stand or get up straight.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 90.60.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuw̓ \a kuw \rd kuwkuʔuw \ps n \ge oak, coast live \ge coast live oak \de coast live oak \gn encino \dn encino \sc Quercus agrifolia \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (160 162). \et *kuwu(ʔ) \ec Compare BOI kuw̓ ‘oak species,’ CRZ kuwu ⁓ kuʼuw ‘oak species,’ INZ kuw̓ ‘oak species,’ PUY akuw̓ ‘oak species,’ OBI tʸuwuʼ ‘oak species’ (Klar 1977: 102) \cf məs1 \ce scrub oak; Nuttall’s scrub oak \cf mišax \ce blue oak; acorn of oak (not coast live oak) \cf ta \ce valley oak \xv 1. tštakałʔapapʰa sikuw̓ \xe 'oak puffball.' \xv 2. no ʔan kotoyi heʔismaʔam sikuw̓ ʔan nelasapiyampiyit šiyʔixpanəš hesiktəq \xe 'I slept under an oak tree and an acorn fell down and hit me on the face.' \xv 3. hesitolu ʔan tsʔił tšaʔaliyaš ʔan tsxmen lokašə kika musiyam kəwə tšʰəhətš. tsʔił sikuw̓ ʔan tsiyołkʔoli kika siyuliʔiš lokaʔaliyaš \xe 'at El Toro was a road and the bank and they did not go down that place for it was steep. there was liveoak, and they turned out around it and got the road again.' \sd plants \sd nature \sd trees \lg JPH \rf 90.57.3 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx -kuy- \ps vroot \ge point at \de point at \cf akuškuy \ce to aim \cf alutikuy \ce to face in a direction \cf aquškuy \ce to point at \cf quluškuy \ce to aim at with \cf šalutikuy \ce to look in a certain direction \cf šunuškuy \ce to promise; to settle on/announce something before it happens; to set a date \cf šuškuy \ce to draw smn’s attention to smth; to show; to teach \cf unuskuyus \ce to announce (to) \cf uškuy \ce to point at; to pertain to \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \rf 91.39.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kuya \rd kuyakuya \rd kuykuya \ps v \ge turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \de to turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \ee This is also said of a swimmer as a swimmer looks in direction opposite of where he lays his hand for a stroke. \cf alutikuy \ce to face in a direction \cf sukuya \ce to turn smn's head around \cf šalutikuy \ce to look in a certain direction \cf šuškuy \ce to draw smn’s attention to smth; to show; to teach \cf utikuy \ce to look to the side \xv 1. no ʔan kuya \xe 'I looked over my shoulder.' \xv 2. tskuya \xe 'he looks over his shoulder.' \xv 3. kuyanit ! \xe 'turn your head around and look at me!' \xv 4. ʔašnəm hupkuya ? \xe 'when will you turn your head and look backward?' \xv 5. tskuyakuya \xe 'he turns his head from side to side.' \xv 6. munasməkəʔə kiskuya ʔan tsqisə lokaštałhəw ʔan tšmišmiš \xe 'before long she looked over her shoulder and saw the baby crying.' \xv 7. heʔispeʔey ʔan latšə ʔisqisqisə hešiʔišaw tskuykuyanus hešiʔišaw (Ϟor lokaʔišaw) \xe 'this flower (sunflower) is all the time looking at the sun, it keeps turning its head as it looking over its shoulder looking at the sun.' \xv 8. latšə ʔiskuykuya \xe 'he turns his head repeatedly.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.17.2-19.4; 92.571.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuyakuya \ps v \ge turn one’s head and look over one’s shoulder.REDUP \de to turn one’s head and look over one’s shoulder.REDUP \cf kuya \ce to turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kuyam \a kuyaʔàm \ps v \ge ride horseback \ge seated on top of smth, be \de to ride horseback; to be seated on top of smth \ee This is the technical term for riding horseback (possibly an older form). \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkuyam \pde one on horseback \cf kuyaməʔəš \ce chair; seat \cf lukuyam \ce to bud; to have buds \cf sukuyam \ce to set on end; to put down from a horse \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. hukikuyam \xe 'let us three sit down.' \xv 2. neʔeskuyam \xe 'he is already up' ; 'he is already up' (on the horse). \xv 3. no ʔan kʰkuyam \xe 'I am on top of it.' \xv 4. kʰkuyam hesikʰkawayu \xe 'I sit on the horse's back.' \xv 5. tskuyam loʔistək tšulukak \xe 'the woodpecker was on the top.' \xv 6. ʔiʔałkuyam \xe 'they are on horseback.' \xv 7. ʔamʔałkuyam \xe 'many are on horseback.' \xv 8. kay ʔan tskuykuyam hesikawayu \xe 'he is seated on this horse.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.18.4-20.3; 92.572.1-573.1 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx kuyaməʔəš \ps n \ge chair \ge seat \de chair; seat \mr [] \sy ʔilikʔenmu \cf kuyam \ce to ride horseback; to be seated on top of smth \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \sd household \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.20.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuyiwaš \ps n \ge basket (type) \de basket (type) \ee This is described by Harrington as having a bottom of junco 'where sides commence a core of three.' \sd basketry \lg JPH \rf 69.28 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kuykuya \ps v \ge turn one’s head and look over one’s shoulder.REDUP \de to turn one’s head and look over one’s shoulder.REDUP \cf kuya \ce to turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kuyuw \cf kuyuw̓ \ce to be (on the) right \sd variations \dt 24/Apr/2012 \lx kuyuw̓ \a kuyuw \a kuyùw \va (kuyuw) \ps v \ge right, be (on the) \de to be (on the) right \an kaw̓ \cf axukuyuw̓ \ce to take hold of with one’s right hand \cf tałkuyuw̓ \ce to grasp with the right hand \xv 1. siktəq sikʰkuyuw \xe 'my right eye.' \xv 2. hesikʔałkuyuw \xe 'my right (arm).' \xv 3. hešikšipuk saʔałkuyuw̓ \xe 'my right elbow.' \xv 4. kikašnaʔał ʔalałpay kikasiliklikʔe loʔiskuyuw liyos \xe 'He ascended into Heaven and is seated at the right hand of God.' \sd directions \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.21.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kwałtu \ps n \ge room \de room \ee Not used of the chambers of the heart. \mr [] \xv 1. kisupuwe sikwałtu soʔoteł los angeles \xe 'I rented a room at a hotel in Los Angeles.' \sd household \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.60.4-61.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kwey \ps v \ge empty by pouring of one’s own accord \ge emptied, be \de to empty by pouring of one’s own accord; to be emptied \ee This is most likely a root as few things can empty themselves out. The causative of this, ͽsukwey, was probably used far more often. This has connotations of emptying from one place into another. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkwey \pde to be emptied.NZ \cf ʔałtsukweypiwu \ce poisoner (as of squirrels) \cf sukwey \ce to pour from one dish into another; to poison \xv 1. tskwey \xe 'it emptied itself into another dish all of its own accord' (though dishes do not do this of their own accord). \xv 2. ʔałkwey \xe 'it is empty.' \xv 3. neʔeskwey \xe 'it is already empty' \sd verbs \sd food \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.61.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kwəʔən \ps n \ge filaree \de filaree \gn alfilarillo \dn alfilarillo \ee Used especially for horse fodder. See also Timbrook 2007 (85). \sd plants \sd husbandry \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.63.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kwitš \ph kʰwɪtʃ \ps n \ge hawk species \ge ?Peregrine falcon \ge ?duck hawk \de hawk species; ?duck hawk; ?Peregrine falcon \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kwič ‘duck hawk,’ INZ kwič ‘falcon species’ (Whistler 1980: 53; SYBCI 2007: 196) \ee Described as a big, whitish hawk that eats rattlesnakes, rabbits, and rats. It does not have a red tail. Said to denote a hawk species with a red tail. This may be a dialectal form for the red tailed hawk; it may refer to the juvenile species of the red tailed hawk. \cf tsən \ce red-tailed hawk; chickenhawk \xv 1. lokakʰwitš tsexwepʔè kiyəlaʔa tsmutaxmakʰ \xe 'when the hwak whistles, all stop stupefied.' \xv 2. lokakʰwitš ʔan tsqitʔowow \xe 'the hawk is whitish.' \xv 3. lokatsən ʔan tštuʔuqʰštahay ʔi štelèqʰ \xe 'the red-tailed hawk has a reddish tail.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.80; 71.494.2-71.497.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -kwowo- \ps vroot \ge related to roundness \ge roundness, related to \de related to roundness \cf ʔałpołkwowo \ce knob \cf oqtopołkwowo \ce to move by rolling \cf połkwowo \ce to be round; to be spheroid \cf supołkwowo \ce to make a ball of smth \sd vroots \sd roots \sd shape \lg TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʰan \a kan \ps prcl \ge IRR.EVENT \de irrealis event particle \ee In a clause, this particle marks an event or situation as irrealis. Glossed as IRR.EVENT. \cf kʰanwa \ce every \cf lakʰanwa \ce each \xv 1. lakʰan susəhə sukʔalustʔey ʔan muhukyətini naxyət \xe 'just in case I have a lot to do, I will not return tomorrow.' \xv 2. kʰan simusʔił lukʔalustʔey \xe 'if I'm not occupied.' \xv 3. kihupsuyawaha lokatsʔohoy kaku kʰan tšnehet pi ! \xe 'love thy neighbor as thyself!' \xv 4. ya nowo, lakʰan nowo, lakʰan \xe 'stop, just stop.' \xv 5. lakʰan sikʔuw sikowotš ʔan lawaliʔiʔin kikaqmił soʔo \xe 'when I eat salmon I get thirsty right away.' \xv 6. loʔkatšumtšumàš laʔkʰan ʔišiyuštəł sipaxàt šaʔalaqʰšà kʔùwe tsisuwakaʔàp \xe 'the Cruzeño, when they see a dead whale, they bring it ashore.' \sd particles \sd chronometry \sd mode \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.77.1-3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kʰanwa \ps prcl \ge every \de every \ee Not to be confused with kanawa. \cf kʰan \ce irrealis event particle \cf lakʰanwa \ce each \xv 1. kʰanwa ʔiškemeqš ʔan tšniqniqʔalaw hesikʔoqwo \xe 'every time he gave a cut he pulled my hair out.' \xv 2. lakʰanwa šišup \xe 'every year.' \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.5.2, 156.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʰe \ps intrj \ge here it is \de here it is \ee When giving something one has to say ͽkʰe, ‘here it is,’ ͽtaʔa ‘take it in your hand, put out your hand to take it’ \sy kakiwali \sy kʰewali \xv 1. kʰe he soʔo \xe 'take this water' ; 'here is this water.' \sd particles \sd interjections \lg JPH \rf 90.78.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʰeʔen \ps prcl \ge moreover.REDUP \de moreover.REDUP \cf kʰen \ce moreover \sd reduplications \dt 14/Apr/2012 \lx kʰen \rd kʰeʔen \ps prcl \ge moreover \de moreover \ee Harrington notes twice that his speaker did not use this form, though there are examples of its use in the data. \xv 1. kʰen tšaqša lokaštete \xe 'and the mother died.' \xv 2. lokaʔanaqskutipoxpox ʔan tšnaʔał payikʔulane, kʔuwe heʔismaʔam hemišup kʰen ʔałmaxatš \xe 'the mole goes where it wants to, but underground, for or and it is blind.' \xv 3. tsʔił tsiku sałʔip sikawayu saʔałxupani ʔan ʔisułkuw ʔan musxupani, kʔuwe no ʔan mukšuwašətš kəwə tskokoyalit saʔałxupani sikawayu kʰen tsmaxuyułkuw \xe 'people say that a wild horse is gentler at night, but I don’t believe it for a bronco horse once reared up with me in the dark' (lit., 'for a bronco once reared up with me, moreover, it was dark'). \xv 3. masəx kʰsiʔqʔom kʰeʔen kʰsukutà ʔan yətiʔiškom̓ \xe 'two times three is six' (as he does this he closes the three fingers - little finger side of hand - and opens again). \xv 4. kʰsiqʔom yətipakeʔes kʰeʔenlà kʰsukutà ʔan kaʔaškom̓ \xe 'five times five is ten' (lit., 'I double five and, what’s more, I lift up [to] ten'). \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.79.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʰete \ps n \ge my mother \de my mother \mr [] \cf tete \ce mother; mom \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg TPH, KO \rf 72.230 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx kʰewali \ps intrj \ge here it is \de here it is \ee This word is said of giving a thing into someone’s hand. \xv 1. kay ʔan tsasuna loʔkałpakeʔet kihusipus loʔkatsʔohóy: kʰewali šaʔaliyàš \xe 'and he ordered the one to say to the other one : here is the road.' \sy kakiwali \sy kʰe \sd interjections \sd particles \lg JPH \rf 90.80.1-81.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʰəw \ps v \ge fall of one's own accord \de to fall of one's own accord \xv 1. yəlaʔa ʔištaqapqap ʔan tskʰəw \xe 'all the leaves have fallen.' \xv 2. tskʰəw \xe 'the seeds are falling from the ripened plant to the ground of their own accord' (old words). \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.81.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -kʰonono- \a -konono- \va (-konono-) \ps vroot \ge ?related to grinding \de ?related to grinding \cf ʔałʔaloxkʰonono \ce snorer; smn who snores \cf oxkʰonono \ce to grunt \cf wikʰonono \ce to loosen earth \cf wikʰonononəʔəš \ce tool for loosening earth \cf wikʰononotš \ce to be loosened \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʰsen̓ \ph kʰsɛn̰ \ps n \ge announcer \de announcer \gn griton \ee The announcer is called in Ventureño ͽkʰsen̓. He visits all the chiefs about fifteen days before the fiesta. They know the feast days, e.g. the established days of ͽkakqunupmawa (Christmas) and a fiesta of the day of Venus: ͽxutaš. \xv 1. loʔkaʔanaqʰskutipoxpox ʔan kʰsen̓wàš muskumlì loʔkasʔxilałtəmù kikasamtənùs kaʔisamyikus susʔatʔap laʔtšʰə̀ heʔismaʔàm hemišupʰ \xe 'mole was an announcer, but he did not fulfill his duty, so they named him and gave him [a house] to live always below the earth.' \sd people \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 69.852 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kʰun \rd kʰunkʰuʔun \ps prcl \ge I don't know \ge who knows? \de I don’t know; who knows? \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kuhu ‘who knows?,’ IZN kʰuhu ‘who knows?’ (Whistler 1980: 44; SYBCI 2007: 187) \ee Means the same as ͽmukpošʰotš. \cf kʰunkʰuʔun \ce who knows? \xv 1. lakʔu tsamipa \xe 'I believe they pounded it.' \sd exclamations \sd particles \sd interjections \lg JPH \rf 90.82.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʰunkʰuʔun \ps intrj \ge who knows? \de who knows? \mr [] \cf kʰun \ce I don’t know; who knows? \xv 1. kʰunkʰuʔùn \xe 'who knows?' \sd interjections \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.865.1 \dt 23/Jul/2018 \lx -kʔalaw- \cf -qʔalaw- \ce move upwards \sd variations \dt 26/Apr/2012 \lx -kʔap- \ps vroot \ge related to pinching \de related to pinching \ee Harrington recognizes this as a root. \cf ʔalaqkʔapš \ce heron \cf aqkʔap \ce to pinch between two items (as with chopsticks, forefinger and middle finger, buttocks) \cf saqkʔap \ce to cause to be pinched \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔelele \ph k̓ɛˈlɛlɛ \ps n \ge limpet \de limpet \sd animals \sd ocean \sd shellfish \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.205.1 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx -kʔewe- \rd -kʔewewe- \ps vroot \ge movement along an edge \de movement along an edge \cf ełkʔewli \ce to go along the edge of \cf tikʔewewe \ce to trim straight; to remove the edge of so as to leave straight \cf wenepskʔewewe \ce to wriggle along \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔələlə \ps v \ge brittle, be \de to be brittle \ee Generally this cannot be said of a shell, for many shells are not brittle thus. This word could possibly be used when speaking of glass, but glass is not very brittle. \xv 1. tskʔələlə \xe 'it is brittle' (said of macaroni – it is not hard, one can take his hands and break it into fragments easily). \sd stative \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.63.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔil- \cf kʔili- \ce quickly \sd variations \dt 03/Jul/2011 \lx kʔił- \a kʔit- \a kʔitʔ- \a qitʔ- \a xitʔ- \va (kʔit-, kʔitʔ-, qit-, xitʔ-) \ps vpre \ge little in amount or intensity \ge amount or intensity, little in \ge intensity or amount, little in \ge INSTR.little.amount/intensity \de little in amount or intensity \ee The variant ͽkʔił comes before stems beginning with a consonant. The variant ͽkʔit comes before stems beginning with a vowel. The variant ͽkʔit comes before stems that seem to begin with an underlying glottal stop and vowel. Glossed as INSTR.little.amount/intensity. \mr [] \cf kʔiłtsakałhaha \ce to open (one's mouth) only a little \cf kʔiłtšošoy \ce to be somewhat black \cf kʔiłtšukumšaš \ce to be somewhat close together \cf kʔiłyamli \ce to descend slowly; to go down slowly \cf kʔiteqpeyus \ce to resemble somewhat \cf kʔituqštahay \ce to be reddish \cf kʔitutišihitš \ce to be somewhat hard \cf kʔitʔałhaš \ce to speak low; to whisper \cf kʔitʔapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to go up slowly \cf kʔitʔuqštu \ce to be slightly deaf \cf qitʔowow \ce to be whitish \cf xitʔuqštahay \ce to be reddish \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔilapəti \ps v \ge ascend quickly \ge go up quickly \de to ascend quickly; to go up quickly \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \xv 1. kʰkʔilapəti \xe 'I went up quickly.' \xv 2. kʰkʔiliyamli \xe 'I descended quickly.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.63.4-64.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔili- \a kʔil- \va (kʔil-) \ps vpre \ge quickly \ge INSTR.quickly \de quickly \ee Glossed as INSTR.quickly. \cf kʔilapəti \ce to ascend quickly; to go up quickly \cf kʔilikitwo \ce to get out in a hurry; to get out quickly \cf kʔilinapay \ce to rise up quickly \cf kʔilinowo \ce to stand quickly; to get up quickly from a sitting or lying position \cf kʔilitapi \ce to rush into; to hide under \cf kʔiliwayanpi \ce to dive at \cf kʔiliyamli \ce to descend quickly; to go down quickly \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔilikitwo \ps v \ge get out quickly \ge get out in a hurry \de to get out in a hurry; to get out quickly \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. kʰkʔilikitwo \xe 'I go out in a hurry.' \xv 2. tšʰuyuliʔiš lokaxʔanwa ʔan tskʔilikitwo hesoʔo \xe 'he went to grab hold of the woman but she rushed out of the water.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd directions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.64.4-65.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔilinapay \ps v \ge rise up quickly \de to rise up quickly \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \xv 1. tskʔilinapay lokaʔikmen \xe 'the wave rises quickly up over the rock.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd ocean \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.65.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔilinowo \ps v \ge stand quickly \de to stand quickly; to get up quickly from a sitting or lying position \mr [] \sy utinowo \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \cf xilinowo \ce to be a loafer \xv 1. kʰkʔilinowo \xe 'I get up in a hurry from where I am sitting or lying.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \sd manner \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.65.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔilitapi \ps v \ge rush into \ge hide under \de to rush into; to hide under \mr [] \ee Harrington thinks tsikʔilitapi would mean the same as tsipiłtapi. \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. tskʔilitapi hesitəptəpʰə \xe 'it quickly enters the underbrush.' \xv 2. lawaliʔiʔin kisipiłtapi \xe 'they quickly hide themselves.' \xv 3. kikašnaʔał ʔan mušpošʰotš neluseqe kikasməkeʔə kikaskumli losimuwu kiskʔilitapi kəwə tsʰuyaməʔə kikasməʔə. tšaqwin. \xe 'and she wandered aimlessly and far and arriving at the shore of the ocean she rushed into the water, wishing to drown herself, and was drowned. End.' \xv 4. lokakšaʔay ʔan tskʔilitapli hemaʔam kikasʔipit \xe 'my daughter rushed in and said to me.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd directions \sd common \sd manner \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.66.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔiliwayanpi \ps v \ge dive at \de to dive at \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. tskʔiliwayanpi \xe 'the hawk dove at him.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd animals \sd manner \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.67.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔiliyamli \ps v \ge descend quickly \ge go down quickly \de to descend quickly; to go down quickly \mr [] \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kʰkʔiliyamli \xe 'I descend quickly.' \xv 2. kwayiyamli \xe 'I descend slowly.' \xv 3. tskʔiliyamli \xe 'a man runs down the slope.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd motion \sd manner \sd directions \ee JPH; TJPH \rf 90.63.4-64.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔiłtsakałhaha \ps v \ge open (one's mouth) only a little \de to open (one's mouth) only a little \mr [] \cf akałhaha \ce to be gaping \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \xv 1. sałkʔiłtsakałhaha \xe 'he opened his mouth a little only' (not way open). \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.67.3 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx kʔiłtšošoy \a qiłtšošoy \va (qiłtšošoy) \ps v \ge black, be somewhat \ge somewhat black, be \de to be somewhat black \ee A similar form, ͽqiłtšošoy, is given with an identical translation. Since there seems to be no motivation for consonant diminutization, it is listed as an alternate. \mr [] \cf šošoy \ce to be black; to be dark \xv 1. tškʔiłtšošoy lokaxʔanwa \xe 'the woman is not very black.' \xv 2. tšqiłtšošoy \xe 'it is blackish.' \sd colors \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.67.4; 92.515.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔiłtšukumšaš \ps v \ge close together, be somewhat \de to be somewhat close together \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf šukumšaš \ce to put close together \xv 1. kʰkʔiłtšukumšašwu \xe 'I put them close together but not near together.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd locations \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.68.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔiłyamli \ps v \ge descend slowly \ge go down slowly \de to descend slowly; to go down slowly \mr [] \sy wayiyam \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kʰkʔiłyamli \xe 'I descends slowly. \xv 2. kʰkʔiliyamli \xe 'I descended quick.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.63.4-64.1, 67.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx kʔit- \cf kʔił- \ce little in amount or intensity \cf kʔiteqpeyus \ce to resemble somewhat \cf kʔituqštahay \ce to be reddish \cf kʔitutišihitš \ce to be somewhat hard \sd variations \dt 03/Jul/2011 \lx kʔiteqpeyus \ps v \ge resemble somewhat \de to resemble somewhat \mr [] \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \xv 1. tskʔiteqpeyus sihəłhəł \xe 'it resembles həłhəł ruddle.' \xv 2. tskʔiteqpeyus \xe 'it resembles it somewhat.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.68.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔituqštahay \a qituqštahay \va (qituqštahay) \ps v \ge reddish, be \de to be reddish \ee Harrington notes that this has the same meaning as ͽxitʔuqštahay. Both words were in common use, some people used the one and some the other. A similar form, ͽqituqštahay, is given with an identical translation. Since there seems to be no motivation for consonant diminutization, it is listed as an alternate. \mr [] \sy xitʔuqštahay \cf uqštahay \ce to be red \xv 1. ʔałqituqštahay \xe 'it is reddish.' \sd colors \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.68.4; 92.522.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔitutišihitš \ps v \ge hard, be somewhat \de to be somewhat hard \mr [] \cf šutišihitš \ce to make hard; to flex \cf utišihitš \ce to be hard; to be tough \xv 1. tskʔitutišihitš \xe 'the meat is a little tough/hard.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.69.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔitʔ- \va kʔit- \ps vpre \de little in amount or intensity \mr [] \cf kʔił- \ce little in amount or intensity \cf kʔiteqpeyus \ce to resemble somewhat \cf kʔituqštahay \ce to be reddish \cf kʔitutišihitš \ce to be somewhat hard \cf kʔitʔałhaš \ce to speak low; to whisper \cf kʔitʔapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to go up slowly \cf kʔitʔuqštu \ce to be slightly deaf \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔitʔałhaš \ps v \ge speak low \ge whisper \de to speak low; to whisper \mr [] \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \xv 1. no ʔan kʰkʔitʔałhaš \xe 'I talked softly or whisper.' \xv 2. tskʔitʔałhaš \xe 'he talks low.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.69.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔitʔapəti \ps v \ge go up slowly \ge ascend slowly \de to ascend slowly; to go up slowly \mr [] \sy wayapəti \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \xv 1. kʰkʔitʔapəti \xe 'I go up slowly.' \xv 2. kʰkʔilapəti \xe 'I went up quickly.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.69.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔitʔuqštu \ps v \ge slightly deaf, be \ge deaf, be slightly \de to be slightly deaf \mr [] \cf ʔuxstu \ce to be deaf \cf tu1 \ce ear \xv 1. no ʔan kʰkʔitʔuqštu \xe 'I am a little deaf.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.70.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔləw \ps n \ge crow (large) \de crow (large) \ee Harrington notes that this is a crow species larger than ͽʔaʔawaš. It is possible the word refers to the raven. \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.80 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔokok \sc Athene cunicularia \ps n \ge burrowing owl \ge owl, burrowing \de burrowing owl \ee This owl catches ground squirrels. \xv 1. tsʔip, “wrr wrr” \xe 'it [the burrowing owl] says, “wrr wrr” .' \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.484.1; 81.105.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔot \rd kʔotkʔot \ps v \ge broken (non-functioning), be \de to be broken (non-functioning) \ee Note that this verb refers to the breaking of something stiff or firm. \et *kʔoto \ec Compare BOI –kʼot ‘to be broken,’ INZ –kʼot ‘to be broken,’ OBI –tʸʼɨtɨ ‘to break’ (Klar 1977: 71) \cf nikʔot \ce to break smth \cf watikʔot \ce to break one's bone; to fracture one's bone \cf wikʔot \ce to chop \xv 1. pʰnapiyətus sipnipʔow kaypi kiskʔot \xe 'you bent it too much and that is why it broke.' \xv 2. lokaʔatša an tskʔot \xe 'the axe is broken.' \xv 3. tskʔot hesikpək \xe 'I broke my shin' (lit., 'my shin is broken'). \xv 4. lokakiyutiyəkwaš ʔan tskʔotkʔot \xe 'what we were in broke.' \xv 5. tskʔot heʔisʔəł \xe 'his leg is broken.' \xv 6. tskʔotkʔot \xe 'it is all broken.' \xv 7. tskʔot \xe 'it breaks as a stick breaks.' \xv 8. tskoti \xe 'twenty-five cents.' \sd common \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 90.72.1-4, 71.1-73.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔotkʔot \ps v \ge broken (non-functioning), be.REDUP \de to be broken (non-functioning) REDUP \cf kʔot \ce to be broken (non-functioning) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -kʔoy- \ps vroot \ge turn \de to turn \cf ʔaqtikʔoymu \ce place where people sun themselves \cf ʔolołkʔoy \ce porpoise \cf aputinikʔoy \ce to make undertow \cf aputinikʔoyi \ce to make undertow \cf aqnitoxlołkʔoy \ce to listen (as with ear turned to catch the sound); to reflect on (as in thinking about) \cf aqtikʔoy \ce to sun; to take in sun \cf aqtikʔoʔoy \ce to go out and sun oneself \cf axiwotołkʔoy \ce to dance around in a circle \cf axiwotołkʔoyəʔəš \ce rapid whirling dance \cf axtanikʔoyi \ce to revive; to come to after a faint \cf iłnikʔoyi \ce to go out (said of the tide) \cf imokʔoʔoy \ce to wheel around \cf iqwałnikʔoyi \ce to sew over and over \cf kinanikʔoyi \ce to resurrect from the dead \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf maxtinikʔoyi \ce to slip back; to drag back \cf nikʔoli \ce to arrive from and return to \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \cf nunikʔoli \ce to take back (again) \cf nunikʔotiʔiy \ce to bring back again \cf qulunikʔoyi \ce to turn around inside of \cf simokʔoʔoy \ce to make wheel around \cf sunikʔoyi \ce to take someplace and bring back; to take and bring full circle \cf tikʔoy \ce to suspect smn \cf tinikʔoyi \ce to go backward; to move backward; to back up \cf uškoy \ce to coil smth \cf uškoyitš \ce to be coiled \cf uxninikʔoyi \ce to be sorry; to repent; to change one's mind \cf wałnikʔoyi \ce to loosen (string of violin) \cf wotołkʔoy \ce to whirl horizontally \sd vroots \sd roots \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.70.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔoyi \ps v \ge turn \de to turn \mr [] \cf aputinikʔoyi \ce to make undertow \cf axtanikʔoyi \ce to revive; to come to after a faint \cf iłnikʔoyi \ce to go out (said of the tide) \cf iqwałnikʔoyi \ce to sew over and over \cf kinanikʔoyi \ce to resurrect from the dead \cf maxtinikʔoyi \ce to slip back; to drag back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \cf qulunikʔoyi \ce to turn around inside of \cf sunikʔoyi \ce to take someplace and bring back; to take and bring full circle \cf tinikʔoyi \ce to go backward; to move backward; to back up \cf uxninikʔoyi \ce to be sorry; to repent; to change one's mind \cf wałnikʔoyi \ce to loosen (string of violin) \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.70.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔu- \cf aqškʔunapaš \ce to shore fish \cf aqškʔunimay \ce to kill (an animal) clandestinely \cf aqskʔutiwə \ce friend \cf aqškʔuwaxa \ce to defecate (such as a fly leaves) \cf šaqškʔunapaʔaš \ce to fish on the shore; to surf-fish \cf šaqškʔunapaš \ce to surf-fish (regularly) \cf šaqškʔunapay \ce to be fished \cf šaqškʔunapayəʔəš \ce fishing tackle \cf tsaqskʔuwwaxa \ce maggot \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔukʔuy \ps n \ge shoulder \de shoulder \gn hombro \dn hombro \ee It is unclear whether or not this form can refer to only one shoulder or to both shoulders. \cf kʔukʔuye \ce to shoulder smth; to carry smth on the shoulder \xv 1. sikʰkʔukʔuy \xe 'my shoulder.' \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH \rf 90.74.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔukʔuye \ps v \ge shoulder \ge carry smth on the shoulder \de to shoulder smth; to carry smth on the shoulder \mr [] \cf kʔukʔuy \ce shoulder \xv 1. hukʰkʔukʔuye hesixəp \xe 'I am going to carry this stone on my shoulder.' \xv 2. hukʰkʔukʔuyé \xe 'I am going to carry (the stone) on my shoulder, on top of my shoulder.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.74.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -kʔune- \ps nroot \cf tskʔune \ce spinal nerve \lg TJPH \rf 91.251.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx kʔuwe \a kʔuwè \a kʔùwe \a kʔwe \va (kʔwe) \ps conj \ge CONCESS \ge concessive conjunction \de concessive conjunction \ee This conjunction sets up a type of disproportionate relationship between two clauses. Glossed as CONCESS. \xv 1. tšušmaxyət loʔkašwaštʔuyaš kʔuwe mušehetš \xe 'he pulled her fishline, but he could not [get] it [off].' \xv 2. ʔasku ʔałxilałtə hałtsʰya, kʔuwe musʔił \xe 'somebody would know, would come down to the beach, but she saw no one.' \xv 3. kasʰuyanaʔli kʔuwe tšʰnuxiliwəłtš \xe 'she wanted to go home, but she was ashamed.' \xv 4. kaštapi hesoʔo kʔuwe musʔalaqʰwaʔay hałtštapi yəlaʔa heʔisʔam̓am̓ə \xe 'she came into the water, but she could not put her whole body (into the water).' \xv 5. tsixiliwašə̀ kʔuwe heʔisʰmaqʰtunutš ʔisʔam̓am̓ə ʔan ku kiheʔištelèq ʔan tšotšonəʔə̀š \xe 'they recognized [her], the half body human [the other half] a fish tail.' \xv 6. kikašmiš tšʰmiš kʔuwe tšʰnəw loʔisʰpoš \xe 'and she cried, she cried, but her heart sang' (OR she sang her heart). \sd particles \sd conjunctions \lg TJPH \rf 89.42-44; 90.75.2; Daughter35, 49, 55-56, 72-73, 90-91, 122-123 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kʔuy \rd kʔuykʔuy \ps n \ge curlew \de curlew \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 71.486.2-487.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx kʔuyət \a kuyət \va (kuyət) \ps v \ge pretty, be \de to be pretty \cf kʔuyətaʔaš \ce adornment \cf sukʔuyət \ce to do prettily; to do nicely; to do beautifully \xv 1. tskʔuyət hesixʔanwa \xe 'the woman is very pretty.' \xv 2. wašətš hesixʔanwa \xe 'she is good' (but is also used of prettiness, often said ͽwatšətš, 'she is pretty'). \xv 3. saʔałkʔuyət ʔan tsameqwelešpi tsamsunuwus ʔišunay \xe 'they make the pretty one with three-leaved sumac.' \xv 4. xaʔax ʔišyəwəš, skuyət ʔišyəwəš \xe 'he had a big head, his head was beautiful.' \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 90.73.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔuyətaʔaš \a kʔuyətaʔàš \ps n \ge adornment \de adornment \mr [] \cf kʔuyət \ce to be pretty \xv 1. kanawa skitwo hemaʔàm loʔkašə ʔan nayišwaqšìk, tssununà ʔišwaqšik sukʔuyətus ʔi ʔimeymu. kanawa šnapày, kʔuwe tšniwipxey loʔkaskʔuyətaʔàš \xe 'when he came out of the cliff, he was much painted, he began to paint himself well with white mud. when he went up, he sped up, with his adornment.' \sd clothes \lg TJPH \rf Roadrunner141/69.1094.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔuykʔuy \ps n \ge curlew.REDUP \de curlew.REDUP \cf kʔuy \ce curlew \sd reduplications \dt 15/Jul/2012 \lx l- \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx -l \cf -n \ce verbalizing suffix \sd variations \dt 14/Jul/2011 \lx ł- \ps pre \ge NZ.IRR \de irrealis nominalizer \ee This appears to be a variant of ͽhal ‘irrealis nominalizer.’ Glossed as NZ.IRR. \cf hal- \ce irrealis nominalizer \xv 1. ʔipštewe łʔišaw̓ ? \xe 'how many days?' \xv 2. ʔipštewe łʔułkuw ? \xe 'how many nights?' \xv 3. ʔipštewe hałtšup (Ϟor łtšup) ? \xe 'how many years?' \xv 4. ʔipštewe hałʔawhay̓ (Ϟor łʔawhay̓) ? \xe 'how many months?' \xv 5. ʔalahušaqša łku \xe 'somebody is going to die.' \xv 6. ksusamha laxulasyət łku \xe 'it seems to me that I hear someone coming.' \xv 7. mulašʔiłwaʔaš hałʔatʔaxatš łʔałtakʰuy tsriflé \xe 'there was not one man who had a rifle.' \xv 8. mušiwatšʔəw ł huki \xe 'they did not thrown anything away.' \sd variations \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -ł \cf -n \ce verbalizing suffix \sd variations \dt 14/Jul/2011 \lx la- \cf laʔ- \ce just; only \sd variations \dt 05/Jul/2011 \lx laʔ- \a la- \va (la-) \ps vpre \ge BOUND \ge just \ge only \de just; only \ee Indicates something bounded, often a span of time. Translated usually as ‘just’ or ‘only.’ Glossed as BOUND. \xv 1. kamušamušk’əy lasalinowo \xe 'It will refuse to move and just remain standing there.' \xv 2. laʔipštewe \xe 'to be only so many.' \xv 3. lamitʔiʔiʔi \xe 'just a little [while].' \xv 4. lakuwa ! \xe 'wait a little!' (do not want any coffee now, but in a little while). \xv 5. kuwa lamitʔiʔiʔi ! \xe 'wait a little!' \xv 6. lakuwamitʔiʔiʔi \xe 'in just a little while but not now.' \xv 7. lahupwašwašətš ? ; lakwašwašətš \xe 'are you well?' ; '[yes] I am well.' \xv 8. kikalalokasalinowo, kimuštiyətiʔiy lokałʔinałnałpi kaʔəqəy \xe 'he remained standing there and he did not move any closer.' \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \rf 89.22, 203-205, 218.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -laʔa \ps vsuf \ge LOC \de locative suffix \ee Glossed as LOC. \cf ʔiškomlaʔa \ce both of smth \cf kumulaʔa \ce to fit \cf pakpakeslaʔa \ce to be all together \cf sukumulaʔa \ce to measure to a point \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \lg TJPH \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx laʔtšə \a latšə \a laʔtšə̀ \va (latšə) \ps vimp \ge HAB \ge occur habitually \ge habitually, occur \de to occur habitually \ee This word indicates events happening at regular intervals. Glossed as HAB. \xv 1. kšuwašətš silatšə suqiyilikʔe \xe 'I believe in the life eternal.' \xv 2. santiyawu ʔan latšə ʔištaktə xwan \xe 'Santiago always trumps Juan.' \xv 3. latšo ʔiswoloyi (Ϟor latšə ʔiswołwoloyi) \xe 'it is always toppling or falling over.' \xv 4. ksuyasinowo heʔištum ʔan latšə ʔiswoloyi \xe 'I wanted to set this egg on end.' \xv 5. hesiməy ʔan latšə ʔisitaktəwu šaʔałhaputš \xe 'the wolves used to kill a lot of cattle.' \xv 6. saʔalaxəwəł ʔan mulatšə šiʔišmotš latšʔilitš kisiyiwiʔišmotš \xe 'the coyote does not run in packs – only sometimes they they get together.' \xv 7. hesaʔanatʔam ʔan latšə ʔisalinałnaʔał suʔułʔułkuʔuw, kiʔišnaxyət ʔan tšaliqšihitš \xe 'the raccoon always wanders about nights and sleeps in the daytime.' \sd vimpersonals \sd chronometry \sd verbs \rf 92.635.2-636.1; Glutton22 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx lahupwašwašətš \ps excl \ge Greetings! \ge Are you well? \de Are you well?; Greetings! \ee The proper response to this is ͽhihi ͽlakwašwašətš, ‘Yes, I am well.’ This is a common salutation. \mr [] \cf wašətš \ce to be good; to be pretty; to be well \sd exclamations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.213.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx laktina \ps v \ge grow towards \de to grow towards \ee This is not the verb used to indicate plants growing up in a burnt out place in a forest. \mr [] \xv 1. tšlaktina \xe 'it comes growing/increasing to where I am.' \xv 2. tšləyət \xe 'it is sprouting from the earth' (as is said of a seedling just sprouting). \sd verbs \sd plants \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.629.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx lakwašwašətš \ps excl \ge I am well. \de I am well. \ee This is a proper response to ͽlahupwašwašətš, ‘Are you well? Greetings!’ \mr [] \cf wašətš \ce to be good; to be pretty; to be well \sd exclamations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.213.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx lakʰanwa \ps prcl \ge each \de each \mr [] \cf kʰan \ce irrealis event particle \cf kʰanwa \ce every \xv 1. lakʰanwa ʔišup ʔan ʔəhə situq \xe 'each year there are many grasshoppers.' \sd particles \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 92.630.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx lamesa \a mesa \va (mesa) \ps n \ge table \de table \mr [] \xv 1. kikasiyamli loʔisʔəł silamesa \xe '(the lice) descended the leg of the table.' \xv 2. tsamipanpi sipon̓ lokalamesa \xe 'they nailed a board on the table' (but hukwisutiqpeypi sipon̓ would be more common). \xv 3. huksukʔuyətus sukeqweł hesilamesa \xe 'I am going to make this table very nice.' \xv 4. lokasʰumlelu ʔan tswakʔay losilamesa \xe 'his hat is on the table.' \xv 5. tsamsuwakʔapi silamesa lokašaqšanutš \xe 'they had the corpse placed on the table.' \xv 6. hukupset ʔiti simesa \xe 'I am going to get on top of the table and stand upon it.' \sd tools \sd household \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.630.2-631.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx lampara \ps n \ge lamp \de lamp \mr [] \xv 1. kaqutikumelus hesilampara \xe 'I am in front of this lamp.' \sd tools \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.632.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx lana \ps n \ge wool \de wool \mr [] \cf pułhewu \ce sheep \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \xv 1. ʔułʔułyi ʔišlana \xe 'he has long wool.' \xv 2. ʔułʔułyi ʔišʰuš \xe 'he has long wool.' \sd animals \sd husbandry \sd clothes \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.409.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx lanlantšuʔu \ps n \ge ranch.REDUP \ge rancheria.REDUP \de ranch.REDUP; rancheria.REDUP \cf lantšu \ce ranch; rancheria \sd reduplications \dt 17/May/2012 \lx lantšu \rd lanlantšuʔu \ps n \ge ranch \ge rancheria \de ranch; rancheria \gn rancho \dn rancho \mr [] \xv 1. kinelamseqenus lokašlantšu \xe 'at last they removed him from the rancheria.' \xv 2. kikasʰinay ʔislantšu kaspat kaslow̓ kikasiliklikʔe, ʔan wašətš ʔisilikʔe kalokaštałtałhəʔəw \xe 'he started a ranch and lived there and lived well with his children.' \xv 3. yontsʰe ʔan tsʔił ʔislantšu ʔan əhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kasikawkawayu satikʔoy kasʔił ʔislantšu, ʔəhə sikuhkuʔu saʔalililikʔenwaš salitiwtiwəšwaš yontsʰe \xe 'Yontsʰe (Luis Francisco) had a ranch and lots of livestock at Saticoy and lots of Indians lived there with him.' \xv 4. tsisuwayopuswu lokapałpaliʔi neʔesisuyakitwo kuhusisinay ʔisilanlantšuʔu, kuhusisinayšaʔałhaputš kasikawayu \xe 'they begged permission from the priests that they wanted to leave and establish farms and have cattle and horses.' \sd places \sd agriculture \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.178.3; 90.556.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx lap \hm 1 \ps n \ge calf (of leg) \de calf (of leg) \xv 1. hesiklap \xe 'the calf of my leg.' \xv 2. hesikpək \xe 'my shin.' \sd anatomy \lg TJPH \rf 90.357.1; 92.635.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx lap \hm 2 \ps n \ge trout \de trout \xv 1. kakiyiwayətʰwu loʔkalapʰ \xe 'we drove the trout.' \sd animals \sd food \sd fish \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 92.635.2; WeirB 4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx lawaliʔiʔin \ps vimp \ge soon, be \de to be soon \mr [] \cf waliʔiʔin \ce to do quickly; to do immediately \cf walin \ce to do (all) at once \xv 1. lawaliʔiʔin ʔisiwisə ʔialaqwətəy \xe 'as soon as they saw the shadow of him.' \xv 2. lamunaməʔək kišaqša (Ϟor lawaliʔiʔin kišaqša) \xe 'in a little while he died.' \xv 3. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \xv 4. lawaliʔiʔin kisamʔuw \xe 'they eat it soon lest it spoil.' \xv 5. lawaliʔiʔin tsaqtaha \xe 'it gets cold quickly.' \xv 6. lawaliʔiʔin hukʰkumli tšwayək \xe 'I shall reach Los Pitos soon.' \xv 7. lawaliʔiʔin kisipiłtapi \xe 'they quickly hide themselves.' \xv 8. lakʰan sikʔuw sikowotš ʔan lawaliʔiʔin kikaqmił soʔo \xe 'when I eat salmon I get thirsty right away.' \xv 9. lawaliʔiʔin tšišutšoho ʔisixoyo \xe 'they soon learn to fly.' \sd vimpersonals \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.588.3-589.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx laxula \ps vprcl \ge sensory evidential particle \ge EXIST.SENS \de sensory evidential particle \ee Glossed as EXIST.SENS \xv 1. heʔišʔuxšaʔaš ʔan laxulasapiteqpey \xe 'it seems from the smell that the mush is burning on the bottom.' \xv 2. laxula ʔan konoqsus heʔisʔoqwo, losalamtowtowš \xe 'it seems that they scalped him in the war.' \sd vparticles \sd particles \sd evidentials \lg TJPH \rf 89.344.3, 90.271.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx laxux \a laxùx \sc Semicossyphus pulcher \ps n \ge California sheephead (fish) \de California sheephead (fish) \ee This was also a term given to Coyote by Eagle’s daughter. \xv 1. kastənus kəkʰš tšʰtənus laxux \xe 'she called him that thing, she called him old fish.' \sd mythology \sd animals \sd fish \sd nature \sd ocean \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Daughter60 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx leʔle \ps n \ge duck (species) \de duck (species) \ee This species of duck has white stripes on its cheeks, a reddish and brownish breast, and a back of blended grey and black. Identified as a type of goose by one consultant. \xv 1. tsʔipʰ, “lel, lel, lel” \xe 'it says, “lel, lel, lel.” ' \xv 2. leʔlè ʔišukepèš \xe 'domestic goose.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.514.2-516.2; 81.210.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx lelał \ps n \ge thimble \de thimble \mr [] \xv 1. lokalelał \xe 'the thimble.' \sd clothes \sd tools \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.636.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -lele- \ps vroot \de make sudden vocalizations \cf ʔulele \ce to lull (a baby); to have a good time \cf alexlele \ce ?swan (?species) \cf axlele \ce to squeak \cf exlele \ce to cry out \cf selele \ce to whore oneself out to men (said only of women) \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 09/Aug/2018 \lx letši \ps n \ge milk \de milk \mr [] \xv 1. musʔił tšletši \xe 'she has no milk' (in her teats). \xv 2. musʔił tšišlétši \xe 'they 2 have no milk' (in their teats). \xv 3. musʔił tšiletši \xe 'they 3+ have no milk' (in their teats). \xv 4. musʔił kʰletši hesikʰkutet \xe 'I have no milk in my breasts.' \xv 5. neʔesaqniskʔaya lokaletši \xe 'the milk has soured.' \xv 6. hesipawapaw ʔan tsiwałtapi lokaletši ; uliʔiš kipsukitwo ! \xe 'a fly has fallen in the milk' ; 'fish it out!' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd food \sd body \lg TJPH \rf 92.637.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx lew \rd lewlew \ps v \ge break away in increments \de to break away in increments \cf exlew \ce to bite; to take a bite of \cf kelew \ce to cut (meat), to slice (meat) \cf keleweš \ce slice (of meat); smth (meat) sliced \cf nilew \ce to break off \cf tšlewutš \ce piece \cf wilewlew \ce to remove by blows \xv 1. tšlew \xe 'it is a broken off piece; a piece of it is breaking off.' \xv 2. ʔan waliʔiʔin kišlewlew \xe 'it broke into pieces immediately.' \xv 3. neʔemuštšum, tšlewlew \xe 'this meat is no good, it is broken into pieces.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 92.637.2-638.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx lewlew \ps v \ge break away in increments.REDUP \de to break away in increments.REDUP \cf lew \ce to break away in increments \sd reduplications \dt 07/Jul/2011 \lx lexlele \cf alexlele \ce ?swan (?species) \sd variations \dt 21/Jul/2012 \lx ləhəʔən \a luhəʔən \va (luhəʔən) \ps v \ge grow up in bunches \de to grow up in bunches \mr [] \cf ʔəhə \ce to be many; to be much \xv 1. tšləhəʔən \xe '(the young sprouts) are coming up thick together.' \xv 2. ʔałləhəʔən \xe 'it grows up in a bunch of sprouts.' \xv 3. tšluhəʔən lokasʰap kawə, kʔuwe lokaqʰaq ʔan latšlupakeʔet, pakeʔet ʔisʰap \xe 'the deer has horns with many branches, but the antelope’s horn grows straight without branches.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.638.2, 648.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ləhəy \ps v \ge grow \de to grow \ee This word was archaic at the time it was recorded. \mr [] \cf əhəy \ce to be older; to be grown up \xv 1. neʔesləhəy \xe 'it is already grown.' \sd verbs \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.639.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ləšəł \ps n \ge mackerel (species) \de mackerel (species) \gn caballa \dn caballa \ee Fernando Librado stated that this fish was “like mountain trout.” The reference is sufficiently obscure, however, to prevent further identification. Librado noted that the Spanish term for this was ‘la trucha del mar,’ ‘the trout of the ocean.’ The sea trout, or Salmo cetti, is not native to the Americas, however. While it is possible that the common name refers to a different trout species, this does not explain the conflict in the initial translation ‘caballa’ ‘mackerel’ and the immediately following translation of ‘la trucha del mar.’ \cf alałpu \ce mackerel (species) \cf muhun̓ \ce mackerel (species) \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.31.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ləyət \ps v \ge sprout \de to sprout \mr [] \cf lukuyam \ce to bud; to have buds \cf sələyət \ce I. plants; garden II. to sow; to plant \cf šələyətəš \ce smth sown; smth planted \cf tšləyət \ce sapling; sprout \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. neʔešləyət simays \xe 'the corn is sprouting up' (said of first sprout that comes from the seed). \sd verbs \sd plants \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.309.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -li \a -lì \ps vsuf \ge DIR \ge directional verbal suffix \de directional verbal suffix \ee This suffix indicates that the motion of the verb is to somewhere on or along a path in a given direction. Glossed as DIR. \et *-lhVl \ec Compare BOI –li ⁓ -lil̓ ‘DIRECTIONAL,’ CRZ –la ‘DIRECTIONAL,’ INZ –li ‘DIRECTIONAL,’ OBI –łhV ‘DIRECTIONAL’ (Klar 1977: 58) \cf ałpali \ce to walk along (smth narrow) \cf ałpinli \ce to go along the beach/shore \xv 1. tsaxinowonli ʔisaqiwəwə \xe 'He stands in the water, stands erect treading water' \xv 2. mušahašli \xe 'he went someplace and did not arrive.' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \lg TJPH \rf 89.22, 203-205, 218.1; 90.9.2 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx liam \ps name \ge Liam \de Liam; settlement on the south side of Santa Cruz Island \sd places \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.623.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx lišxʔomoho \ps v \ge have deep eye sockets \ge eye sockets, have deep \ge sockets, have deep eye \de to have deep eye sockets \mr [] \cf xʔomho \ce narrow-mouthed basket \xv 1.pʰlišxʔomhò \xe 'your eye sockets are deep.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.585.2; 92.642.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx liyək \ps n \ge middle \de middle \cf aqtaliyək \ce to come into the midst of \cf siliyək \ce enclosure; midst \cf tałtšliyək \ce to hold in the middle \cf tšliyək ʔi šup \ce middle of the world \cf wišliyək \ce to hit in the middle \xv 1. mukay lokašliyək \xe 'not in the middle.' \xv 2. suʔułya saʔałliyək \xe 'middle finger.' \xv 3. tšiyaqšutš heʔisliyək \xe 'they go straight for the middle.' \xv 4. hehuknaʔał ʔišliyək \xe 'I go across the middle.' \xv 5. lokaʔałwał heʔišliyək \xe 'that has a hole in the middle.' \xv 6. kiwə pʰnowonpi heʔišliyək xutaš \xe 'because you put your foot firm in the middle of the ground.' \xv 7. tšliyək ʔi šup \xe 'middle of the world.' \xv 8. ʔiškom̓ ʔišlewutš ʔištuwaš, muštəʔəʔən heʔišliyək (Ϟor lamuštəʔəʔən heʔišliyək) \xe 'two pieces of shell, they are not in the very middle.' \xv 9. ʔiqisə hesałʔaliwotoqʰloʔòp ʔan heʔišliyək \xe 'look ye at this which is mouth down! here in the middle.' \sd locations \sd anatomy \sd mythology \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.640.2-641.1; Advice9; Sun26-27 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx liyos \cf lyos \ce God \sd variations \dt 09/Jul/2011 \lx liyuyu \ps v \ge salivate \ge slimey, be \de to salivate; to be slimey \cf suliyuyu \ce to make salivate; to make smn’s mouth water \xv 1. kliyuyu \xe 'I salivate.' \xv 2. tšliyuyu \xe 'it is slimey' \xv 3. tsʔił ʔišeqenenwaš ʔišliyuyu \xe 'its track is sloberry.' \xv 4. lasałʔeqenpì ʔan tsmaxnaʔàł ʔi tšliyuyù \xe 'wherever he goes he leaves a slimy trail (said of slug).' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 70.81; 90.625.4; 92.641.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx lo- \cf loʔ- \ce distal demonstrative prefix; that; the \sd variations \dt 15/Jun/2018 \lx loʔ \pl loʔwu \a lo \va (lo) \ps pro \ge DEM.DIST \de distal demonstrative; that; there \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI l- ‘article,’ INZ loʼ ‘yonder; over there; that over there’ (Wash 2001: 58; SYBCI 2007: 201) \ee Indicates distance from the deictic center. Glossed as DEM.DIST. \cf heʔ \ce proximal demonstrative; this \cf kaylo \ce that which is (there) \cf loʔ- \ce distal demonstrative prefix; that; the \xv 1. lo ʔan tsʔił saʔaliyaš saʔałkəyəmi, kałkaneʔeʔe \xe 'there is a path that is straight, it is shorter [lit., nearer]' (said of a shortcut). \xv 2. ʔakusxəp lo ? \xe 'whose rock is that?' (means the rock is over there). \xv 3. ʔaskusxəp he ? \xe 'whose rock is this?' \xv 4. lo ʔan xʔanwa \xe 'she is a woman.' \xv 5. loʔwu ʔan xʔanxʔanwa \xe 'those ones are women.' \xv 6. lo ʔi tsʰowtsʰow \xe 'those hills.' \xv 7. nelo kakʔaqmilaʔaš ? \xe 'where is my drinking cup?' \xv 8. lo ʔi šup kayu lišpuwenił \xe 'God will pay you it.' \xv 9. nelo ? \xe 'where is it?' \xv 10. hukutoqop ki lo məʔək kayukʰkek \xe 'I dive under the water and further away I am going to emerge.' \xv 11. lo mexseqe ! \xe 'shove the ink bottle along the surface of the table so it will be farther from me without giving it a sudden thrust!' \xv 12. hesiməy (Ϟor lokaməy) šałmušiyaq ʔan tsinaʔał kałʔiyaqutišəʔəʔətš ʔisihin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolves who did not perish went to other lands -- they are smarter than the coyotes.' \xv 13. tspiłpiłnowo lokatomoł losiyikikmén̓ (Ϟor hesiyikikmén̓) \xe 'the boat goes jumping along through the waves.' \xv 14. lo sał lo sutiyəʔət lomotʔo \xe 'the one is on the other side.' \sd locations \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg TJPH \rf 89.192.4, 291.3-292.4, 91.515.2, 92.801.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx loʔ- \a lo- \va (lo-) \ps det \ge DET.DIST \de distal demonstrative prefix; that; the \ee This prefix indicates nouns which are identifiable and or old information. This prefix may also be used to indicate a noun some distance from the deictic center. Glossed as DET.DIST. \cf heʔ- \ce proximal demonstrative prefix; this \cf loʔ \ce distal demonstrative; that; there \cf loʔišupiʔiy \ce next year \xv 1. lokaškašmu loʔo \xe 'where the water stands.' \xv 2. loełyepli miluk ! \xe 'go along the cliff base !' \sd chronometry \sd locations \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \sd demonstratives \lg TJPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4; 92.644.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx loʔišupiʔiy \ps n \ge next year \de next year \mr [] \cf šup1 \ce smth expansive; smth large; year; Heaven \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.644.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx loʔka- \a loka- \va (loʔka-) \ps npre \ge DEF \de definite prefix \ee Glossed as DEF. \cf ka-4 \ce non-partitive prefix \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \sd demonstratives \lg TJPH \dt 29/Sep/2018 \lx loʔwu \sg loʔ \a lowu \va (lowu) \ps pro \ge those \ge DEM.DIST.PL \ge plural distal demonstrative \de plural distal demonstrative; those \ee Indicates distance from the deictic center. Glossed as DEM.DIST.PL. \mr [] \cf hewu \ce plural proximal demonstrative; these \cf loʔ \ce distal demonstrative; that; there \xv 1. lowu \xe 'those.' \xv 2. loʔwu ʔan tšisqisə \xe 'they two see.' \xv 3. lo ʔan xʔanwa \xe 'she is a woman.' \xv 4. loʔwu ʔan xʔanxʔanwa \xe 'those are women.' \sd locations \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \rf 92.643.2; 94.207-208 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx lomingu \ph lɔmǝŋgʊ \ps name \ge Sunday \de Sunday \gn domingo \dn domingo \mr [] \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd chronometry \sd names \lg TJPH \rf 90.332.1 \dt 16/Jul/2019 \lx lomlom \ps v \ge tender (said of meat), be \de to be tender (said of meat) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI loʼmin ‘to be soft’ (Whistler 1980: 16) \xv 1. tšlomlom \xe 'it is tender (said of meat).' \xv 2. tšlomlom ʔiʔamə \xe 'its meat is tender.' \sd food \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 92.646.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx lotis \ps n \ge green ear of corn \ge ear of corn, green \de green ear of corn \mr [] \cf mays \ce corn \cf tskow̓ \ce corncob (with no seeds) \xv 1. kaqułhin lokalotis \xe 'I husk the green ear of corn. Elote is whole ear of green corn.' \sd food \sd plants \sd agriculture \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.403.2 \dt 16/Jul/2019 \lx lu- \hm 1 \ps vpre \ge BOUND=FUT- \de A combination of the prefixes ͽlaʔ- ‘only; just’ and ͽhu- ‘future prefix.’ \ee Glossed as BOUND=FUT . \mr [] \xv 1. muštšum lusamʔuw \xe 'it is no good to eat.' \xv 2. huki lupʔalsutiyək ? \xe 'in what did you throw it?' \xv 3. kinełtšnehet kimupušʰo lušałhaš ? \xe 'why did you not let him talk?' \xv 4. huki luʔamaxinaʔał ? \xe 'what dance are they going to dance?' \xv 5. tsikumli mitsqanaqan̓ kasila payikʔula nehałlusininuna (Ϟor nełtsininuna) lokatok \xe 'they arrived at Ventura or wherever they went to fetch it.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \rf 91.543.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx lu- \hm 2 \ps vpre \ge of growing \ge growing, of \ge INSTR.growing \de of growing; of growth \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI lu- ‘of/with/by growth,’ INZ lu- ‘growth; growing’ (Wash 2001: 54; SYBCI 2007: 203) \ee Glossed as INSTR.growing. \cf ʔaxlupep \ce stepchild \cf imləwəwə \ce to ripple \cf laktina \ce to grow towards \cf ləhəʔən \ce to grow up in bunches \cf ləhəy \ce to grow \cf ləyət \ce to sprout \cf luʔułyiʔin \ce to grow long \cf lukumli \ce to grow to expected dimensions \cf lukuyam \ce to bud; to have buds \cf lumasəx \ce to grow three out \cf lunaʔał \ce to grow (as is said of smth animate) \cf lunəʔəp \ce to grow continuously \cf lunupahan \ce to send out shoots \cf lunupan \ce shoot (of plant) \cf lupakeʔet \ce to grow unbranching \cf luqay \ce to grow spreading \cf luqumšaš \ce to grow together (straight out together the same distance apart not touching) \cf lusisi \ce to grow wryly; to grow ungainly \cf luyət \ce to have knot(s) (said of wood) \cf ?sələnəʔəp \ce to do much of something \cf sələyət \ce I. plants; garden II. to sow; to plant \cf šələyətəš \ce smth sown; smth planted \cf tipluqay \ce to have many forks (as is said of a branch) \cf tšləyət \ce sapling; sprout \cf tšluqay \ce fork \cf ?ušlepen \ce to make room \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd plants \sd nature \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx luʔułyiʔin \ps v \ge grow long \de to grow long \mr [] \cf ʔułyi \ce to be long; to be tall \xv 1. tšluʔułyiʔin \xe 'it grew very long.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd shape \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.655 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx luhəʔən \cf ləhəʔən \ce to grow up in bunches \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx luhut \ps n \ge lamprey (Pacific?) \de lamprey (Pacific?) \ee This was translated as 'freshwater eel.' However, the term likely refers to the unrelated Pacific lamprey ϞLampetra Ϟtridentata. \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \sd water \lg JPH; SP \rf 81.179.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx lukumli \ps v \ge grow to expected dimensions \de to grow to expected dimensions \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumli \ce to arrive at \xv muʔałlukumli \xe 'it did not grow as high or far as it ought to have' (said of a plant). \sd verbs \sd plants \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.650.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx lukuyam \a lukayam \va (lukayam) \ps v \ge bud \ge have buds \de to bud; to have buds \ee Harrington lists this form as lukayam, though no examples of this are given. \mr [] \cf kuyam \ce to ride horseback; to be seated on top of smth \cf ləyət \ce to sprout \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \sd verbs \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.649.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx lumasəx \ps v \ge grow three out \de to grow three out \mr [] \cf masəx \ce three \xv 1. tšlumasəx \xe 'three grow out.' \xv 2. hesiwə ʔan tšlumasəx ʔi sʰap \xe 'this deer is three-pronged.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.745.2; 92.651.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx lunaʔał \rd lunlunaʔał \ps v \ge grow (as is said of smth animate) \de to grow (as is said of smth animate) \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. naštəʔəʔə klunlunaʔał \xe 'I am still growing' (said by a man or human). \xv 2. mitmitʔi lakasiʔam̓amə kamusilunaʔał \xe 'they are small and that is already the bodily size of them and they grow no more.' \xv 3. naštəʔəʔə tšlunəʔəp \xe 'it is still growing.' \xv 4. naštəʔəʔə klunlunaʔał \xe 'I am still growing' (said by a human). \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.133.3; 92.653.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx lunes \ps n \ge Monday \de Monday \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan huksunuskuyus lunes \xe 'I am going to set Monday as the day.' \xv 2. lunes kuhuskumli lokakišʔiputš \xe 'Monday is the coming day of which we two spoke.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.300.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx lunəʔəp \ps v \ge grow continuously \de to grow continuously \mr [] \xv 1. naštəʔəʔə tšlunəʔəp \xe 'it is still growing.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.652.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx lunlunaʔał \ps v \ge grow (as is said of smth animate).REDUP \de to grow (as is said of smth animate).REDUP \cf lunaʔał \ce to grow (as is said of smth animate) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx lunupaha \cf lunupahan \ce to send out shoots \sd variations \dt 09/Jul/2011 \lx lunupahan \a lunupaha \va (lunupaha) \ps v \ge send out shoots \de to send out shoots \ee Forms with and without –n are used. \mr [] \cf lunupan \ce shoot (of plant) \cf nupan \ce to have occurred recently; to be recent; to be new \xv 1. tšlunupaha \xe 'it (the tree) is sending out shoots.' \xv 2. tsilunupahan \xe 'they are sending forth shoots.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.653.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx lunupan \ps n \ge shoot (of plant) \de shoot (of plant) \ee This may refer to any kind of shoot and is not restricted to sprouts. \mr [] \cf lunupahan \ce to send out shoots \cf nupan \ce to have occurred recently; to be recent; to be new \xv 1. pakeʔet ʔišlunupan \xe 'one shoot.' \xv 2. hukuniyəʔəw ʔišlunupan kʔuwe wašətš \xe 'I am going to look for a good shoot.' \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.653.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx lupakeʔet \ps v \ge grow unbranching \de to grow unbranching \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \xv 1. tšluhəʔən lokasʰap kawə, kʔuwe lokaqʰaq ʔan latšlupakeʔet ʔisʰap \xe 'the deer has horns with many brances but the antelope’s horn grows straight without branches.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.654.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx luqay \ps v \ge grow spreading \de to grow spreading \ee This is said of an animal’s hoof. \mr [] \cf qay \ce to be split at the base \cf tipluqay \ce to have many forks (as is said of a branch) \cf tšluqay \ce fork \xv 1. tšluqaʔay \xe 'it is very spreading.' \xv 2. tšluqay lokašluqay \xe 'the fork is spreading.' \xv 3. tšluqay ʔištoy̓ lokawə \xe 'the deer has a split hoof.' \xv 4. hesiwə ʔan ʔałluqay \xe 'this deer has two prongs.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.745.2; 92.650.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx luqumšaš \ps v \ge grow together (straight out together the same distance apart not touching) \de to grow together (straight out together the same distance apart not touching) \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \xv 1. tšišluqumšaš \xe 'the two points of a fork go growing narrow together, not coming togetherand not spreading' ('they grow straight, the same distance apart all the time'). \sd verbs \sd agriculture \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 90.92.4; 92.651.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx lusisi \ps v \ge grow wryly \ge grow ungainly \de to grow wryly; to grow ungainly \mr [] \xv 1. tšlusisi \xe 'it is growing all wry and ungainly.' \xv 2. no ʔan klusisi \xe 'I grow ungainly.' \sd plants \sd body \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.654.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx luyət \ps v \ge knot(s) (said of wood), have \ge have knot(s) (said of wood) \de to have knot(s) (said of wood) \mr [] \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. laʔkʰan ʔisʔił ʔišluyət kasilaštšʔeq payku la mitʔi, tšamwatšʔiw \xe 'if it has any knot or crack even a little one they do not use it.' \sd plants \sd tomol \sd nature \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.648.2; Tomol5 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx luyux \ps v \ge sterile (unable to reproduce), be \de to be sterile (unable to reproduce) \ee Harrington’s consultant notes that he had never heard this word, though it may have been a real word. \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 92.648.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx lyata \ps n \ge whip \de whip \mr [] \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd animals \lg TJPH \rf 90.702.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx lyos \a liyos \va (liyos) \ps n \ge God \de God \ee This word is used to refer to the Christian God. Note the lack of mophological marking on this word. \mr [] \xv 1. lyos lokakihinlyos \xe 'God, our God.' \xv 2. liyos kayulispuwenił \xe 'God will pay you it.' \xv 3. no ʔan musʔił kʰinlyos hentšaqwin hešiʔišaw̓ \xe 'for me there is no god but the sun.' \xv 4. šušušumiš lyos, lokašaqšaqšanuʔutš kasiʔiyʔalititpe \xe 'thou shalt pray God for all the dead and the quick.' \xv 5. ʔalałpay, kiyusikʔumiyi latšə, hušiyʔiwəʔəš lyos kəwə tsiyeqnekenpi lokašašʰunatš lyos \xe 'to Heaven to enjoy God forever, because they kept His holy commandments.' \sd religion \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 90.75.1; 92.643.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx m- \cf mi- \ce locative prefix \sd variations \dt 09/Jul/2011 \lx ma \ps n \ge jackrabbit \de jackrabbit \et *maʔ \ec Compare BOI maʼ ‘jackrabbit,’ CRZ ma ‘jackrabbit,’ INZ maʼ ‘jackrabbit,’ OBI (t)maʼ ‘rabbit’ (Klar 1977: 105) \cf kun̓ \ce rabbit (dark brown species) \cf timew̓ \ce cottontail rabbit; ground squirrel \xv 1. kʰwəł sima kasitimew \xe 'I killed a jackrabbit and a cottontail rabbit.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd mammals \lg JPH \rf 69.402; 71.866.2-867.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx maʔałtsuyałhaš \va (muʔałtsuyaałhaš) \ps n \ge quiet person \ge one who does not speak much \de quiet person; one who does not speak much \mr [] \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \sd emotions \sd people \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.182.3; 92.658.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maʔam \a maʔàm \a maʔàm \ps n \ge underneath \ge inside \de underneath; inside \ee This has connotations of being surrouned and covered by what smn/smth is inside of. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI mam̓ ‘inside; into’, CRZ nimawa ‘inside,’ INZ mam̓ ‘inside; inside of + noun,’ PUY mam̓ḁ ‘house’ (Whistler 1980: 16; Beeler & Klar 1977: 99; SYBCI 2007: 208; Harrington 1986: 3.6.1095.1) \mr [] \cf mam̓utš \ce to be spacious; to be hollow \xv 1. mupʰpašpaš hemaʔam ! \xe 'do not vomit in here!' \xv 2. ʔəhə siku sałmaʔam - suyanaʔał suʔamsutiwəy \xe 'there are many people against it - they will change thee to another place' (said of a wanderer not being allowed to sleep at a certain place). \xv 3. tštapi hemaʔam ʔišʔuxšaʔaš sikolis \xe 'the smell of cabbage is coming into this room.' \xv 4. latšə sihemaʔam kasiliklikʔe \xe 'it stayed indoors all the time.' \xv 5. lokakšaʔay ʔan tskʔilitapli hemaʔam kikasʔipit \xe 'my daughter rushed in and said to me.' \xv 6. pxiłxiliʔik ʔitimaʔam (hesaʔap) \xe 'take care of things here (at the house).' \xv 7. ʔašnəm ʔipyəti maʔam \xe 'when did you come home.' \xv 8. tštołmow heʔismaʔam \xe 'it is rotten inside.' \xv 9. tsaliqʔon ʔismaʔam kaštum \xe 'it is doubled up inside the egg.' \xv 10. laʔušʰo kuhušnali maʔam \xe 'let him go home.' \xv 11. lokatipəš loʔismaʔam kaʔaxwi kasʔilʔił \xe 'the awl is in the chamois.' \xv 12. tsiyeqweł ʔisiyʔap heʔismaʔam siqasqas \xe 'they make holes in the sand.' \xv 13. hesaʔap ʔan tskumu ʔismaʔam \xe 'this house has four rooms.' \xv 14. lokapoš ʔan tskumu ʔismaʔam \xe 'the heart has four hollow places.' \xv 15. kapaqtaha heʔismaʔam sita \xe 'I am in the shade of an oaktree.' \xv 16. heʔismaʔam sikʔaxwi \xe 'underneath my clothes.' \xv 17. tštapi šoʔo (hemaʔam) \xe 'water is entering (the house).' \sd locations \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.341.1; 92.658.2-662.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx maha \rd mahmahaʔa \ps n \ge canyon \ge south \de canyon; south \gn cañada \dn cañada \cf tanimaha \ce further down a narrow; further downstream (when speaking of a river); south \xv 1. tšixaʔaš losimaha \xe 'the canyon resounds/echoes.' \xv 2. tsʔilu soʔo losimaha ? \xe 'is there water there in the canyon?' \xv 3. simaha ka samsukitwo \xe 'they took it out of a canyon' (said of ochre). \xv 4. nełpʔap ? ; losimaha lo ʔalałpay \xe 'where do you live?' ; 'I live up in the canyon.' \xv 5. kahesimahmahaʔa losałʔiłpi soʔo \xe 'and in the canyons which have water in them.' \xv 6. lokanawaʔaʔay ʔan kumkumeʔeł šaʔaliyaš, ʔəhə simahmahaʔa kaʔisxʔomxʔomohoʔo kasixəpxəʔəp \xe 'before there were not good roads, they were gulchy and chuckholy and stony.' \sd places \sd geography \lg JPH \rf 79.30.2; 92.662.2-663.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mahmahaʔa \ps n \ge canyon.REDUP \de canyon.REDUP \cf maha \ce canyon; south \sd reduplications \dt 15/Jun/2018 \lx makał \ps n \ge bat \de bat \gn murciélago \dn murciélago \et *mVkala \ec Compare BOI makal ‘bat,’ INZ makal ‘bat,’ OBI mitʸala ‘bat’ (Klar 1977: 68) \ee Matilija dialect: ͽmakay. \xv 1. ne ʔisikitwo simakał \xe 'the bats have come out.' \xv 2. tsaqtsum lokamakał \xe 'the bat chirps.' \xv 3. kanawa tsaqtsum lokamakał, musʰuwaqniʔił \xe 'when the bat chrips, one can barely hear it.' \xv 4. hesimakał ʔan tšaqnitšwiw, kʔuwe mutšwiw \xe 'the bat resembles the bird, but isn’t a bird.' \xv 5. lokamakał ʔan wašətš suʔaʔuw kʔuwe mitʔi ʔisʔamə \xe 'the bat is good to eat but he has very little meat.' \xv 6. lokamakał ʔan tšulišwu sinunatšəʔətš siʔiʔalalixoyoyo sinawa sułkuw \xe 'the bat catches night-flying insects.' \xv 7. payikʔulahuki ʔan pałwatšʔəw ʔalałpay ʔan tsuleqpeyus lokamakał \xe 'anything you throw up into the air the bat follows it.' \xv 8. tsxoyoyo tštitapʰwu sipawapàw kaypi kiskowokowonlì ʔisxoyoyo ka ʔisixwatatà loʔisxoyòyò loʔkamakàł \xe 'it flies persuing flies, therefore it flies from side to side and the bat’s flight is tremulous.' \xv 9. tsaqʰtsʔum kʔùwe tsqeyepì musʰuwaqʰniʔìł mukiyitàqʰ \xe 'it [the bat] chirps and it is very weak; it is not clearly audible, we do not hear it.' \xv 10. laʔkʰan tsupaxwititinpi sipon̓ loʔkamakàł laʔkʰan sipaqʰwaʔày ʔan tšaqʰšà kisimupaqʰwaʔày ʔan tštitàp loʔkapon̓ \xe 'if he throws a stick up in the air at the bat, then if you hit the bat it dies. ?if you don’t hit it it chases after the stick.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.710.1; 89.105.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx makay \ps n \ge bat \de bat \ee Matilija dialectal form for Mitsqanaqan̓ Ventureño ͽmakał ‘bat’ \sd dialects \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.709.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx makina \ps n \ge machine \de machine \mr [] \xv 1. husisinay simakina kuhusisukitwo siʔaseyte \xe 'they are going to put in a machine for getting oil.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.667.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx makʔak \ps v \ge busy, be \ge occupied, be \de to be busy; to be occupied \ee Harrington notes that this was archaic at the time it was recorded. \sy aluštʔey \xv 1. tsmakʔak \xe 'she is very busy.' \xv 2. no ʔan kmakʔak \xe 'I am very busy.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd routine \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.279.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx małʔałnuxiliwəłtš \ps n \ge unabashed person \de unabashed person \mr [] \cf ʔałʔałnuxiliwə \ce bashful person; smn bashful \cf nuxiliwə \ce to be shy; to be timid; to be bashful \cf nuxiliwəłtš \ce to be ashamed; to feel ashamed \xv 1. małʔałnuxiliwəłtš \xe 'a man who knows no shame or embarrassment.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.676.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx malak \ps n \ge soft asphaltum \ge asphaltum, soft \de soft asphaltum \ee This refers to the soft asphaltum that seeps from the ocean floor and washes up on the beach. See also Hudson & Blackburn (1987: 163 167). \cf woqo1 \ce solid asphaltum \cf yop \ce asphaltum; asphaltum and resin mixture; tar \sd tools \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 79.18.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx malawa \ps num \ge eight \de eight \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI spaʼ ‘one,’ PUY tspa ‘one’ (Whistler 1980: 27; Harrington 1986: 3.6.25.1) \cf ulumalawa \ce to be eight-pronged \xv 1. tsiyunili malawa \xe 'eight are left over.' \xv 2. kihuktukał sinawaskuʔum malawa \xe 'I am going to ring the bell at 8 o’clock.' \xv 3. lokatštəntəʔəniwatš ʔan malawa šiʔišaw kišitəqitš kikə ʔan munakitəqitšwaš \xe 'the little dogs open their eyes the eighth day, we have never opened out eyes yet.' \sd numbers \lg JPH \rf 91.403.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx maliʔiʔi \ps vimp \ge even so, be \de to be even so \xv 1. maliʔiʔi latšwayək hukikumli \xe 'we would not even get to Los Pitos.' \xv 2. musʔiʔił hałʔalaxyikus maliʔiʔi latsnewuts lokaliqisqisə sinawa sʔuwlilo \xe 'she didn't even give a little piece to any of the on-lookers when she ate.' \xv 3. ʔašnəm huptšoho hapšuqonəšpiyit ? - kikšatiwənitš, kʰšatiwəš šaʔatʔaxatš saʔałmaliʔiʔi lasitpenit \xe 'when will you cease to make fun of me? – I who got married to a man who does not think of me even the least.' \sd vimpersonals \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 92.676.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx maliyaš \ps n \ge road \ge road surface \de road; road surface \cf ʔaliyaš \ce road \xv 1. ʔəhə šeʔeqenwaš sikaleta hemaliyaš (Ϟor hešaʔaliyaš) \xe 'there are a lot of wagon ruts in this road.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.677.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx malwa(š) \sc Malva nicaeensis; Malva parviflora \ps n \ge mallow \ge cheeseweed \de mallow; cheeseweed \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (121 122). \mr [] \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.69.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx małwilutš \ps n \ge place for giving birth \ge birth, place for giving \ge afterbirth \de afterbirth; place for giving birth \mr [] \xv 1. tsʔił ʔišiymałwilutš \xe 'there is a place where they three plus give birth to children.' \sd places \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.307.1, 92.678.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx malya \ps name \ge Maria \de Maria \mr [] \xv 1. loʔismaʔam santa malya munašulišwaš hałʔatʔaxatš, tseqweł lokaʔenhešeš \xe 'in the Virgin Mary, still virgin, conceived by the Holy Spirit.' \sd names \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.497.4} \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mama(waš) \a mamawaš \va (mamawaš) \ps n \ge grandmother, paternal \ge paternal grandmother \de paternal grandmother \mr [] \ee 1. Fernando Librado thought that this term was used only by females of all her grandparents. Juan Estevan Pico thought that this could be used by a (?female) grandchild for any paternal grandparent. José Peregrino Romero thought that mama could only be used for a paternal grandmother (Johnson 1988: 203 204). 2. Harrington notes he also heard someone call their grandmother ͽnenewaš. Harrington also notes that when mad the Ventureño would often say, ͽkapmamawaš, which means 'your grandmother' \cf nene(waš) \ce maternal grandmother \xv 1. hesikmamawaš \xe 'my grandmother.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \sd phrases \sd insults \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 88.298.1; 92.678.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mamutš \cf mam̓utš \ce to be spacious; to be hollow \sd variations \dt 17/Feb/2012 \lx mam̓utš \a mamutš \a mam̓útš \a mamùtš \va (mamutš) \ps v \ge hollow, be \ge spacious, be \de to be spacious; to be hollow \mr [] \cf maʔam \ce underneath; inside \xv 1. tsʰe ʔiʔałmamutš \xe 'a hallow bone.' \xv 2. tšmamutš \xe 'it is big inside' (said of a cave, big like the room here inside, not like a mere tunnel). \xv 3. tšmam̓utš lokaʔikmen \xe 'it is hallow under the wave.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 92.679.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx manaxš \ps v \ge snuff smth \de to snuff smth \mr [] \cf nuxš \ce nose \xv 1. kmanaxš \xe 'I snuff it up my nose' ; 'I hold stuff on my hand under my nose and snuff it up into my nostrils.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.679.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx manesał \ps n \ge doe (female deer) \de doe (female deer) \mr [] \cf mantsał \ce to tame; to break in (a horse) \cf metš \ce fawn (young deer) \cf sulupakʔa \ce deer (young and without branching horns) \cf wə \ce deer \cf wiwiyət \ce buck (male deer) \xv 1. suʔkałnetpi ʔan kalaqʰtinəpə loʔkašoxšəł manesał \xe 'that which I am going to do, it is removing water, the urine, of the tame doe.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd husbandry \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Prayer4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx manəš \a manə̀š \ps v \ge lacking, be \ge missing, be \ge disappear \de to be missing; to be lacking; to disappear \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI manɨš ‘to lose one’s way,’ INZ manɨš ‘to be missing, lost,’ OBI nema ‘to be lost,’ łhuma ‘to be lost’ (Klar 1977) \xv 1. tšmanəš \xe 'he disappears' (said of medicine men who, when pursued by enemies, can become invisible). \xv 2. tšmanəš \xe '[my horse] is missing' (no one knows where it is). \xv 3. lokaʔałmanəš kəʔəqəy \xe 'Mrs. Stray-Hen.' \xv 4. no ʔan kpułhewu kʔałmanəš \xe 'I am a lost sheep.' \xv 5. no ʔan ktiwhuk \xe 'I got lost.' \lg JPH \rf 92.680.1-2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx mantana \a mentana \va (mentana) \ps n \ge window \de window \mr [] \xv 1. naštəʔəʔə kiyilikʔe kisqułtap losimantana \xe 'we were still seated when the sun shone in through the windows.' \xv 2. kʰkitwo simentana \xe 'I went out through a window.' \xv 3. ušqʰał kakisimentana ! \xe 'open that window!' \xv 4. kqiliwaya lokamentana \xe 'I looked out through the window.' \xv 5. kʰansikukiyiqip hesimentana ʔan lasitaptapi \xe 'if they don’t shut the window, the flies keep coming in.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd household \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.47.1, 106.3; 92.711.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mantaraya \ps n \ge stingray \ge ?manta ray \de stingray; ?manta ray \mr [] \xv 1. mupsuyapət ʔasitsʔuqił hałmantaraya ! \xe 'look out lest you step on a stingray and he pierce you!' \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \sd fish \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 89.314.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mantsał \ps v \ge tame \ge break in (a horse) \de to tame; to break in (a horse) \mr [] \cf manesał \ce doe (female deer) \xv 1. hukmantsał hesikawayu \xe 'I am going to tame this horse.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.681.1 \dt 16/Jul/2019 \lx mantsana \ps n \ge apple \de apple \mr [] \xv 1. ʔulixon ʔimantsana \xe 'dried apples.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.377.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx man̓əʔəpʰ \ps n \ge great-grandchild (male or female) \de great-grandchild (male or female) \ee Male speaking. \xv 1. kʰman̓əʔəp \xe 'my son’s son’s son or daughter.' \lg JPH, KO \rf 72.219.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maq- \a max- \va (max-1) \hm 1 \ps vpre \ge of dividing \ge INSTR.dividing \de of dividing \ee Glossed as INSTR.dividing. \cf kamaqtu \ce to remove half by cutting in the middle \cf maqtapi \ce to put on pants \cf maqtu \ce to be halved \cf maqtuʔu \ce to be halfway through \cf maqtunutš \ce to be half \cf maquyułku \ce to become dusk \cf ?maxutaqša \ce to die suddenly (unexpectedly) \cf nimaqtu \ce to divide by taking half \cf sałmaqtu \ce to divide in two \cf simaqtu \ce to double into two parts \cf sumaqtu \ce to halve \cf tšmaqtunutš \ce half \cf wimaqtu \ce to knock into two pieces \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maq- \hm 2 \a max- \a meq- \a mex- \a mox- \va (max-, meq-, mex-, mox-) \ps vpre \ge having to do with string/rope \ge string/rope, having to do with \ge INSTR.string/rope \de having to do with string/rope \ee By extension this prefix is also used to refer to action that requires pulling, draggin, and drawing out. It seems to have also been extended to denote movement along a (straight) path as in ͽmaqutinaʔał, ͽmaqutapəti, and ͽmexseqe. Glossed as INSTR.string/rope. \cf ʔałmaxnałtšəši \ce reptile (snake) \cf ʔanmaxwakʔay̓ \ce wild cucumber \cf aputimaxnaʔał \ce to go (?slowly) with the current \cf aqmaxwuhu \ce to pull a string out of one's mouth between the teeth \cf ikumeqteleletš \ce to go in single file \cf ?maqutapəti \ce to run up \cf ?maqutinaʔał \ce to run \cf ?maqutitotsʔi \ce to kick smn/smth while running \cf maqwaya \ce to swing (as on a swing) \cf maxnaʔał \ce to drag (oneself) along (as is said of the movement of a snake or worm); to be stretched out \cf maxqip \ce to tie a door shut \cf maxsapəti \ce to drag up; to pull up \cf maxsayaʔkʰa \ce spiderweb \cf maxsukitwo \ce to pull out of \cf maxsukowowo \ce to drag smth tipped \cf maxsuleqpey \ce to lead by rope \cf maxsunaʔał \ce to drag \cf maxsunapay \ce to drag up out of; to pull up out of \cf maxsupolo \ce to break up (earth) by dragging (branches) through \cf maxsupʔow \ce to bend by pulling \cf maxsutapi \ce to drag into; to pull into \cf maxsuteqpey \ce to follow behind (by nature of being connected to) \cf maxsuwalaʔap \ce to toe ashore \cf maxsuyam \ce to drag down; to pull down \cf maxtinikʔoyi \ce to slip back; to drag back \cf maxwuhu \ce to pull out from between two pressing things \cf maxwululuk \ce to pull string (of bowknot) \cf meqseʔes \ce to weave smth \cf meqšešeš \ce woven mat \cf meqxeʔe \ce to become untied by slipping out \cf mexseqe \ce to shove along \cf mexwe \ce to whet \cf mexweneʔeš \ce grindstone \cf moxnowo \ce to stand upright in a bunch \cf quntušmaxyətš \ce to be tied too tight \cf sumaxtapəti \ce to pull up \cf sumaxwululuk \ce to tie a bowknot \cf šuwatušmaxyət \ce to jerk; to jerk away from \cf ušmaxyət \ce to pull; to be pulled by undertow \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maqmaʔaqš \ps n \ge flint.REDUP \de flint.REDUP \cf maqš \ce flint \sd reduplications \dt 04/Apr/2011 \lx maqmaqskʔał \ps v \ge tangled in \de to be tangled in \ee No non reduplicated form given. \xv 1. kmaqmaqskʔał hesikʔəł heʔištəməy \xe 'I have my feet tangled in the ?barbs.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 92.668.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maqmaqutinaʔał \ps v \ge run.REDUP \de to run.REDUP \cf maqutinaʔał \ce to run \sd reduplications \dt 23/Jul/2018 \lx maqmaqutitotsʔi \ps v \ge kick smn/smth while running.REDUP \de to kick smn/smth while running.REDUP \cf maqutitotsʔi \ce to kick smn/smth while running \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maqš \rd maqmaʔaqš \ps n \ge flint \de flint \gn pedernal \dn pedernal \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI šnaxil ⁓ snaqil ‘flint,’ CRZ maqš ‘flint’ (Whistler 1980: 61; Beeler & Klar 1977: 91) \xv 1. tšlewlewutš ʔi maqš \xe 'fragments of flint.' \xv 2. tštaqapqap ʔi maqš \xe 'flakes of flint.' \xv 3. no ʔan kqaqał loʔkamaqš ksuqapqáp \xe 'I flake flint, make it thin.' \xv 4. kašipenešpi šimaqš \xe 'I am carving it with a piece of flint.' \xv 5. hukuniyəw šimaqš \xe 'I am going to look for flint.' \sd tools \sd geology \sd elements \lg TJPH \rf 72; 91.307.3; 92.668.2 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx maqtapi \ps v \ge put on pants \de to put on pants \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. kmaqtapi \xe 'I put on my pants in a hurry.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.669.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maqtu \ps v \ge halved, be \de to be halved \mr [] \cf kamaqtu \ce to remove half by cutting in the middle \cf maqtuʔu \ce to be halfway through \cf maqtunutš \ce to be half \cf nimaqtu \ce to divide by taking half \cf simaqtu \ce to double into two parts \cf sumaqtu \ce to halve \cf tšmaqtunutš \ce half \xv 1. ʔiškom̓ tsmaqtu \xe 'of these two, two more are made.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.669.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maqtuʔu \ps v \ge halfway through, be \de to be halfway through \mr [] \cf maqtu \ce to be halved \cf maqtunutš \ce to be half \xv 1. tsmaqtuʔu suʔułkuw \xe 'it is midnight.' \xv 2. neʔesmaqtuʔu suʔułkuw ? \xe 'is it already midnight?' \xv 3. kʰkuta ʔismaqtuʔu suʔułkuw \xe 'I got up at midnight.' \xv 4. neʔekmaqtuʔu lokaʔiskalela \xe 'I am halfway up the stairs.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.670.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maqtunutš \a maqʰtunutš \ph mɑqʰtʊnʊtʃ \ps v \ge half, be \de to be half \mr [] \cf maqtu \ce to be halved \cf maqtuʔu \ce to be halfway through \cf tšmaqtunutš \ce half \xv 1. tšmaqtunutš \xe 'it is half.' \xv 2. tšmaqtunutš ʔixus \xe 'it is half bear.' \xv 3. hukyikus ʔišmaqtunutš \xe 'I am going to give him half.' \xv 4. tšmaqtunutš \xe 'the half' ; 'the middle.' \xv 5. ʔikšit loʔišmaqtunutš \xe 'give me the half.' \sd numbers \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.670.1; Daughter88 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maqutapəti \ps v \ge run up \de to run up \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \xv 1. kmaqutapəti \xe 'I ran up.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.671.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maquti- \ps vpre \ge INSTR.running \de by running \ee This is likely a combination of ͽmaq-2 ‘INSTR.string/rope’ and ͽuti- ‘INSTR.punctual.’ Since the contribution of ͽmaq- is uncertain, the prefix is treated as a single form. Glossed as INSTR.running. \cf maqutapəti \ce to run up \cf maqutinaʔał \ce to run \cf maqutitotsʔi \ce to kick smn/smth while running \cf suyamaqutinaʔał \ce to want to run \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maqutinaʔał \rd maqmaqutinaʔał \ps v \ge run \de to run \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf suyamaqutinaʔał \ce to want to run \xv 1. tsmaqutinaʔał (Ϟor tsmaqmaqutinaʔał) \xe 'he is running.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksuyamaqutinaʔał \xe 'I want to run.' \xv 3. no ʔan hukuwamaqutinaʔał \xe 'I am going to run.' \xv 4. kiwanaʔał \xe 'I go fast.' \xv 5. kwanaʔał, maqutinaʔał ! \xe 'go fast!' ; 'run your best at full speed!' \xv 6. kniwipxey sikmaqutinaʔał \xe 'I increase my speed.' \xv 7. kasinowonəʔəš ʔisiyʔuwlilo ʔan tsimaqmaqutinaʔał \xe 'it is their custom to feast as they run' (said of wolves). \xv 8. hukišmaqutinaʔał ʔapi ʔasku huswalikumliʔiʔi \xe 'let us two run a race to see who gets there first.' \xv 9. kasʰyət tsmaqutinaʔał \xe 'he came strongly running.' \xv 10. latšə ʔismaqutinałnaʔał \xe 'it runs all the time.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.125.2; 91.672.2-673.1; 92.672.2-673.1; Daughter20 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maqutitotsʔi \rd maqmaqutitotsʔi \ps v \ge kick smn/smth while running \de to kick smn/smth while running \mr [] \cf totsʔi \ce to kick \xv 1. tsmaqutitotsʔi \xe 'he kicks him while running.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.673.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maquyułku \ps v \ge become dusk \de to become dusk \mr [] \cf maxayułku \ce to be dark \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \xv 1. tšmaquyułku; ne ʔisikitwo simakał \xe 'it is getting dusk' ; 'the bats have come out.' \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \sd verbs \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.671.1; 94.353.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maqwaya \ps v \ge swing (as on a swing) \de to swing (as on a swing) \mr [] \cf maqwayanəʔəš \ce swing \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. hukmaqwaya \xe 'I am going to swing on the swing.' \sd verbs \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.352.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maqwayanəʔəš \ps n \ge swing \de swing \mr [] \cf maqwaya \ce to swing (as on a swing) \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.675.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx masa \ps n \ge dough \de dough \mr [] \xv 1. huksuqpey hesimasa \xe 'I am going to wet this dough.' \sd food \sd water \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.699.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx masəx \ps num \ge three \de three \et *mVsiq ~ mVsiqʔ \ec Compare BOI masix ‘three,’ CRZ masɨx ‘three,’ INZ masɨx ‘three,’ OBI misɨʼ ‘three,’ PUY masɨx ‘three’ (Klar 1977: 120-121) \cf aximasəx \ce to do/happen thrice \cf kinamasəx \ce to die involving three \cf lumasəx \ce to grow three out \cf masəx tskumu \ce twelve \cf nimasəx \ce to divide into threes \cf qałmasəx \ce to tie three things together (by wrapping another around them) \cf sałmasəx \ce to count three; third \cf saximasəx \ce to do/happen three times \cf saxsaxmasəx \ce to do three at a time \cf suxułtimasəx \ce to put around three times; to make three folds; to fold into three layers \cf tałmasəx \ce to grasp three \cf ulumasəx \ce to be three-pronged \cf xałmasəx \ce to carry three things bound together \cf yətimasəx \ce seven \xv 1. losaʔałmasəx \xe 'those three.' \xv 2. kanawa smasəx ʔisʰin tšup \xe 'when it is three years old.' \xv 3. masəx hałiyos ? \xe 'are there three Gods?' \xv 4. kamasəx šiʔišaw kisitpeni \xe 'and on the third day he rose again.' \xv 5. masəx sipon̓ siyʔiyʔaloʔotš \xe 'three green sticks.' \xv 6. masəx sikutšala \xe 'three teaspoonfuls.' \xv 7. masəx šiʔišaw̓ \xe 'three bodies' (there were three bodies that were sacred: earth, air, and water). \xv 8. lokamaxiwo kanawa masəx ʔišinšupʰ kisʔowow heʔišyəwəš ka loʔišteleqʰ \xe 'the bald eagle when it gets to be three years old gets a white head and tail.' \xv 9. masəx loʔkaʔiyʔilikʔe \xe 'three steady persons in their place' (way for referring to the three stars in Orion’s Belt). \xv 10. masəx šeʔełtšeʔeš sipon̓ \xe 'three parts of wood.' \xv 11. tsimasəx \xe 'they are three.' \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.16,714, 88.626.4, 90.280.2, 92.700.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx masəx tskumu \ps n \ge twelve \de twelve \mr [] \cf masəx \ce three \cf tskumu \ce four \xv 1. lokalimasəxtskumu \xe 'those twelve.' \xv 2. kikasʔip lokanunašəš, “masəx tskumu ʔišup kihupalitkəyit \xe 'he said, "I will wait for you twelve years." ' \sd numbers \lg TJPH \rf 89.215.1; 92.700.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mason \ps n \ge Freemason \de Freemason \mr [] \xv 1. tsinaxałyək simason \xe 'the masons have their secret business.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd people \lg TJPH \rf 90.143.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mati- \a (mat-) \va (mat-) \ps vpre \ge precursory action, of \ge of precursory action \ge INSTR.precursory \de of precursory action \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ mati- ‘indicating a feeble/weakened condition or action performed with difficulty’ (SYBCI 2007: 214) \ee This prefix is used to mark an action/state that is precursory to another action/state. Glossed as INSTR.precursory. \cf matinaʔał \ce to crawl (said of a child) \cf matisalaqwaʔay \ce to fix first \cf matitaktə \ce to kill first \cf matitsʔa \ce to play with playthings (childhood toys) \cf matixoyi \ce to crawl over \cf matušʰo \ce to leave first \cf matʔaqwaʔay \ce to give birth well \cf matʔišʔon̓ \ce to give birth to twins \cf matʔunuʔuw \ce to be heir to \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \rf 91.68.1; 94.353.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx matinaʔał \a matinaʔł \va (matinaʔł) \ps v \ge crawl (said of a child) \de to crawl (said of a child) \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. tsmatinaʔał \xe 'the boy crawls.' \xv 2. tsmatinaʔł \xe 'he crawls' (said of a child or worm). \xv 3. tsmatinaʔał \xe 'he crawls like a babe on hands and feet.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.353.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx matisalaqwaʔay \a matisalaqway- \va (matisalaqway-) \ps v \ge fix first \de to fix first \mr [] \cf alaqwaʔay \ce to be ready (to fight, etc); to get along all right (such as happens in a good house with plenty of food); to be well-fixed in a good house; to build/do smth well (or poorly with ͽ-mu); to settle; to get one’s way \cf aqwaʔay \ce to be/go on the mark; to hit (on) the mark \cf salaqwaʔay \ce to fix smth; to form; to make ready; to refine \xv 1. kmatisalaqwaywu \xe 'I fixed some things first.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.702.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx matitaktə \ps v \ge kill first \de to kill first \mr [] \cf taktə \ce to slay; to kill; to butcher; to hit \xv 1. hukmatitaktə hesəʔəqəy saʔałʔowow kinupan huktaktə lokaʔaluqštahay \xe 'I am going to kill my white hen first and then my red hen.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.68.1; 92.703.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx matitinəʔəp \ps v \ge move from one place to another \de to move from one place to another \ee It is unclear how this differs in meaning from ͽtinəʔəp. \mr [] \cf tinəʔəp \ce to move from one place to another \xv 1. tsammatitinəʔəp \xe 'they moved from one house to another.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.703.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx matitsʔa \ps v \ge play with playthings (childhood toys) \de to play with playthings (childhood toys) \mr [] \cf itsʔaw \ce to play with \xv 1. tsmatitsʔa \xe 'he is playing with his playthings.' \sd verbs \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.704.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx matixoyi \ps v \ge crawl over \de to crawl over \mr [] \cf xoyi \ce to go over; to pass over \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.702.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx matušʰo \ps v \ge leave first \de to leave first \mr [] \cf ušʰo \ce to leave; to let; to let go; to release; to allow; to permit \xv 1. tšimatušʰo lokasiyʔap \xe 'I left the house first.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.704.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx matʔaqwaʔay \ps v \ge give birth well \ge birth well, give \de to give birth well \mr [] \cf aqwaʔay \ce to be/go on the mark; to hit (on) the mark \xv 1. tsmatʔaqwaʔay \xe 'she has success in giving birth to a child.' \xv 2. hukmatʔaqwaʔay \xe 'I am going to give birth well.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.705.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx matʔišʔon̓ \ps v \ge give birth to twins \ge birth to twins, give \ge twins, give birth to \de to give birth to twins \mr [] \cf ʔišʔon̓ \ce twin(s) \xv 1. pi ʔan pmatʔišon̓ \xe 'you had twins.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.705.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx matʔunuʔuw \a matʔunuʔùw \ps v \ge heir to, be \de to be heir to \mr [] \cf ʔunu \ce grandchild \xv 1. kiwə pmatʔunuʔùw loʔkapwopowàš kəpə laxùx \xe 'for you are heir to your grandfather who is now called old fish.' \sd verbs \sd kinship \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.706.1; Travels110 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx max- \va (maq-2, mex-, mox-) \ps vpre \de having to do with string/rope \ee By extension this prefix is also used to refer to action that requires pulling or drawing out. Glossed as INSTR.string/rope. \cf maq-2 \ce having to do with string/rope \cf ʔanmaxwakʔay̓ \ce wild cucumber \cf aputimaxnaʔał \ce to go (?slowly) with the current \cf aqmaxwuhu \ce to pull a string out of one's mouth between the teeth \cf maxnaʔał \ce to drag (oneself) along (as is said of the movement of a snake or worm); to be stretched out \cf maxqip \ce to tie a door shut \cf maxsapəti \ce to drag up; to pull up \cf maxsayaʔkʰa \ce spiderweb \cf maxsukitwo \ce to pull out of \cf maxsukowowo \ce to drag smth tipped \cf maxsuleqpey \ce to lead by rope \cf maxsunaʔał \ce to drag \cf maxsunapay \ce to drag up out of; to pull up out of \cf maxsupolo \ce to break up (earth) by dragging (branches) through \cf maxsupʔow \ce to bend by pulling \cf maxsutapi \ce to drag into; to pull into \cf maxsuteqpey \ce to follow behind (by nature of being connected to) \cf maxsuwalaʔap \ce to toe ashore \cf maxsuyam \ce to drag down; to pull down \cf maxtinikʔoyi \ce to slip back; to drag back \cf maxwuhu \ce to pull out from between two pressing things \cf maxwululuk \ce to pull string (of bowknot) \cf mexseqe \ce to shove along \cf mexwe \ce to whet \cf mexweneʔeš \ce grindstone \cf moxnowo \ce to stand upright in a bunch \cf sumaxtapəti \ce to pull up \cf sumaxwululuk \ce to tie a bowknot \cf šuwatušmaxyət \ce to jerk; to jerk away from \cf ušmaxyət \ce to pull; to be pulled by undertow \lg TJPH \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maxa- \ps prepnd \ge having to do with blindness \ge blindness, having to do with \ge INSTR.blindness \de having to do with blindness \ee Glossed as INSTR.blindness when used as a prefix. \cf maxatš \ce to be blind \cf maxayułku \ce to be dark \cf maxuyułkuw \ce to get dark; to get dark on (smn); to obstruct one’s view \sd prepounds \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxak \ps v \ge strip (bark) from \de to strip (bark) from \mr [] \cf maxakʔəš \ce cloth; rag \xv 1. hukmaxak \xe 'I strip bark from a tree.' \sd verbs \sd trees \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.682.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx maxakəš \cf maxakʔəš \ce cloth; rag \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maxakʔəš \a maxakəš \va (maxakəš) \ps n \ge cloth \ge rag \de cloth; rag \mr [] \cf maxak \ce to strip (bark) from \xv 1. tsiyaqkʰap simaxakəš \xe 'they pinch the clothes' (said of clothespins). \xv 2. tšqolokʔitš simaxakʔəš \xe 'he has a rag or cloth as a belt.' \xv 3. kilokaxʔanxʔanwaʔa ʔan lasisinay ʔišlewutš simaxakəš heʔisqəp \xe 'and the women merely put a piece of cloth around them.' \sd tools \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.682.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maxatʔam \ps n \ge fiesta \ge holiday \de fiesta; holiday \cf maxatʔaməš \ce fiesta; San Miguel \cf maxatʔaməšmu \ce fiesta ground \xv 1. lokayumaxatʔam \xe 'the fiesta which he is going to make.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukmaxatʔam \xe 'I am going to make a fiesta.' \xv 3. hukmaxatʔamus san miguel \xe 'I am going to make a fiesta in honor of San Miguel.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukmaxatʔam kanawa huskumli ʔisʰinʔišaw \xe 'I am going to make a fiesta on San Miguel’s day.' \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 69.342.2; 92.683.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maxatʔaməš \ps n \ge fiesta; San Miguel \ge San Miguel; fiesta \de fiesta; San Miguel \mr [] \cf maxatʔam \ce fiesta; holiday \cf maxatʔaməšmu \ce fiesta ground \xv 1. neʔesaxikəhə lokamaxatʔaməš \xe 'he's gone today to San Miguel.' \xv 2. hukinaʔał šimaxatʔaməš \xe 'let’s go to a fiesta.' \xv 3. tswatixeni simaxatʔaməš \xe 'the fiesta ended.' \xv 4. ʔi ʔałtap ʔimaxatʔaməš \xe 'those who enter the fiesta' (ceremonial entry). \xv 5. tšiyušʔakpiwu lokaʔiʔałtap kamaxatʔaməš \xe 'they showered those who entered' (threw seeds over them, they did thus). \sd places \sd religion \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 90.41.3-4; 92.684.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maxatʔaməšmu \ps n \ge fiesta ground \de fiesta ground \mr [] \cf maxatʔam \ce fiesta; holiday \cf maxatʔaməš \ce fiesta; San Miguel \sd places \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.685.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maxatš \ps v \ge blind, be \de to be blind \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałmaxatš \pde blind person \xv 1. kmaxatš \xe 'I am blind.' \xv 2. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałmaxatš \xe 'a blind man.' \xv 3. … ʔan ʔałmaxatšwaš \xe 'she was blind.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd people \sd body \sd senses \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.12.4, 89.231.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx maxaxał \ps name \ge Maxaxał \de Maxaxał; San Cayetano (former rancheria) \ee This indicated a place west of present date Fillmore, Ventura County, California (King 1993b: 55). \sd places \sd geography \sd names \lg JPH \rf 69.589 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxayułku \ps v \ge dark, be \de to be dark \mr [] \cf maquyułku \ce to become dusk \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \xv 1. tsmaxayułku, mupqisə lahuki \xe 'it is dark, murky, one cannot see anything.' \sd verbs \sd colors \sd chronometry \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.681.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx maxək \ps v \ge rub one thing against the edge of another \de to rub one thing against the edge of another \xv 1. hukmaxək \xe 'I am going to rub smth against the edge of (a table).' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.686.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maxiwo \ps n \ge bald eagle \ge eagle, bald \de bald eagle \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ maxiwo ‘bald eagle’ (SYBCI 2007: 215) \xv 1. lokamaxiwo kanawa masəx ʔišinšupʰ kisʔowow heʔišyəwəš ka loʔišteleqʰ \xe 'the bald eagle when it gets to be three years old gets a white head and tail.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.332.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maxkuta \ps v \ge slope up at an acute (45°) angle \de to slope up at an acute (45°) angle \mr [] \cf kuta \ce to get up; to slope up \xv 1. tskuta, tsmaxkuta \xe 'it slopes straight vertically up, it slopes at an angle of 45°.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg TJPH \rf Tomol110-111 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx maxmaxš \ps n \ge connective tissue of muscle \de connective tissue of muscle \xv 1. lokašmaxmaxš \xe 'the connective tissue of meat.' \xv 2. hešikmaxmaxš \xe 'my connective tissue in my own body.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 92.687.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxnaʔał \rd maxnałnaʔał \ps v \ge drag (oneself) along (as is said of the movement of a snake or worm) \ge stretched out, be \de to drag (oneself) along (as is said of the movement of a snake or worm); to be stretched out \ee Harrington notes that this verb does not indicate movement at all. However, the examples contradict this. \mr [] \cf ʔałmaxnałtšəši \ce reptile (snake) \cf aputimaxnaʔał \ce to go (?slowly) with the current \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. tsmaxnaʔał \xe 'it goes dragging' (said of a worm). \xv 2. tsmaxnaʔał \xe 'it is stretched out.' \xv 3. tsmaxnałnaʔał \xe 'it crawls' (said of a snake crawling). \xv 4. tsmatinaʔał \xe 'he crawls' (said of a child). \sd animals \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.688.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maxnałnaʔał \ps v \ge drag (oneself) along (as is said of the movement of a snake or worm).REDUP \ge stretched out.REDUP, be \de to drag (oneself) along (as is said of the movement of a snake or worm).REDUP; to be stretched out.REDUP \cf maxnaʔał \ce to drag (oneself) along (as is said of the movement of a snake or worm); to be stretched out \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxqip \ps v \ge tie a door shut \de to tie a door shut \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv maxqipšaši \pde to tie a door shut.REFL.CPLV \xv 1. kmaxqipus hesikʔap \xe 'I tie the door of my hut shut.' \xv 2. kašnaʔał xwetet štapi loʔkasʔap kismaxqipšašì \xe 'and Frog went and entered his house and he tied his door.' \sd verbs \sd household \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.687.1; Travels35 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxsapəti \ps v \ge drag up \ge pull up \de to drag up; to pull up \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \cf sapəti \ce to put on top of \xv 1. kmaxsapəti \xe 'I drag it up.' \xv 2. kmaxsapəti lokatsuqele \xe 'I am pulling the flap up.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.689.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maxsayaʔkʰa \ps n \ge spiderweb \de spiderweb \mr [] \cf ʔayaʔkʰa \ce (any) small spider; octopus \xv 1. lokasmaxsayaʔkʰa kaʔayaʔkʰa \xe 'the web of the spider.' \lg TJPH; JPH \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.10.2; 92.688.2-689.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx maxsukitwo \ps v \ge pull out of \de to pull out of \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \cf sukitwo \ce to make go out; to make move out \xv 1. kmaxsukitwo \xe 'I pulled (the fish) out of (the water)'. \xv 2. tsmaxsukitwo \xe 'she pulled (the frog’s leg) out.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.691.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxsukowowo \ps v \ge drag smth tipped \de to drag smth tipped \mr [] \cf kowowo \ce to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \cf sukowowo \ce to tilt smth; to hold to one side; to hold an arrow against the left-hand side of bow when shooting \xv 1. kmaxsukowowo \xe 'I drag it, it being in a tipped position as I do so.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.691.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxsuleqpey \ps v \ge lead by rope \de to lead by rope \mr [] \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \cf uleqpey \ce to follow behind/after \xv 1. kmaxsuleqpey \xe 'I am leading it by rope.' \xv 2. kʰmaxsuleqpey sikawayu \xe 'I lead a horse by rope.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.490.3; 92.692.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxsunaʔał \a maxsunal \a maxsunał \va (maxsunal-, maxsunał-) \ps v \ge drag \de to drag \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf sunaʔał \ce to make go; to cause to go; to set loose \xv 1. kmaxsunaʔał \xe 'I carry any object dragging it.' \xv 2. tsimaxsunaʔał \xe 'they are dragging it.' \xv 3. tsimaxsunałwu \xe 'they drag them.' \xv 4. tsmaxsunalit \xe he dragged me \xv 5. kmaxsunaʔał sikʰkaleta \xe 'he is dragging a toy wagon.' \xv 6. tsmaxsunaʔał ʔisnawas \xe 'she is dragging her dresses and petticoats.' \xv 7. lokawaka ʔan tsmaxsunaliʔit \xe 'the cow was dragging me after it.' \xv 8. tšuliʔiš hesikʔoqwo kikasmaxsunalit \xe 'he grabbed me by the hair and dragged me.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.692.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxsunapay \ps v \ge drag up out of \ge pull up out of \de to drag up out of; to pull up out of \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \cf sunapay \ce to raise; to make rise; to save \xv 1. kmaxsunapay \xe 'I pull (the fish) up and out.' \xv 2. tsimaxsunapay \xe 'they are dragging it up out of the water.' \xv 3. tsimaxsunapaywu \xe 'they pulled them out of the water.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd water \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.693.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxsupolo \ps v \ge break up (earth) by dragging (branches) through \de to break up (earth) by dragging (branches) through \mr [] \xv 1. kmaxsupolo \xe 'I break clods by dragging branches over them.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.694.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxsupʔow \ps v \ge bend by pulling \de to bend by pulling \mr [] \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. kmaxsupʔow \xe 'I pull a thing and thus bend it.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.694.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx maxsutapi \ps v \ge drag into \ge pull into \de to drag into; to pull into \mr [] \cf sutapi \ce to put into; to put through \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. tsimaxsutapi hesimuwu \xe 'they are dragging it into the sea.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.695.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxsuteqpey \ps v \ge follow behind (by nature of being connected to) \de to follow behind (by nature of being connected to) \mr [] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf suteqpey \ce to hitch/connect (as in when attaching a wagon to horses); to glue to \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \xv 1. tsamsutiyək lokasʔałpʰołxa kikasmaxsuteqpey lokaʔatʔaxatš kikaswatwatišsapyam ͼ[sic.] ʔišlewutš saʔałhaputš \xe 'they put the poisoned meat in the saddle bag and a man went behind and kept dropping pieces.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.695.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maxsuwalaʔap \ps v \ge toe ashore \de to toe ashore \mr [] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf suwalaʔap \ce to wash up smth; to cast ashore \cf walaʔap \ce to land; to go ashore \xv 1. laʔkʰan ʔišiyuštəł sipaxat ʔišaqʰšanutš ʔan tšiyuštʔewè ka tsimaxsuwalaʔàp \xe 'when they find a dead whale they spear it and they toe it ashore.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd tomol \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.929.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maxsuyam \ps v \ge drag down \ge pull down \de to drag down; to pull down \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv maxsuyamli \pde to pull down.DIR \cf suyam \ce to take down \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kmaxsuyam \xe 'I am pulling it down.' \xv 2. kmaxsuyamli \xe 'I drag it down or downhill.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \rf 90.589.3-590.1; 92.690.1 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx maxtinikʔoyi \ps v \ge slip back \ge drag back \de to slip back; to drag back \mr [] \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \cf tinikʔoyi \ce to go backward; to move backward; to back up \xv 1. tsmaxtinikʔoyi \xe 'it slips or drags back.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.696.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx maxutaqša \ps v \ge die suddenly (unexpectedly) \de to die suddenly (unexpectedly) \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \cf utaqša \ce to die suddenly \xv 1. tšmaxutaqša \xe 'he died suddenly' (he was not sick). \sd verbs \sd health \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.697.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxuyułkuw \a maxuyułkù \ps v \ge get dark (on) \ge get dark on (smn) \ge obstruct one’s view \de to get dark; to get dark on (smn); to obstruct one’s view \mr [] \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \xv 1. kayusmaxuyułkuw \xe 'it is getting dark.' \xv 2. mup ʔiyʔałmaxuyułkuw \xe 'a dark cave.' \xv 3. tšmaxuyułkuwit \xe 'it blocks my view.' \xv 4. neʔe kasmaxuyułkuw \xe 'it was already getting dark [when my friend came].' \xv 5. tsip tsʔeyewu heʔištəq hesaʔałmaxuyułkuw, lakʰan ʔisyułtʔul ʔan tsoxkonono \xe 'his eyes shine in the dark and when he gets mad he makes a cry.' \xv 6. tsʔił tsiku sałʔip sikawayu saʔałxupani ʔan ʔisułkuw ʔan musxupani, kʔuwe no ʔan mukšuwašətš kəwə tskokoyalit saʔałxupani sikawayu kʰen tsmaxuyałkuw \xe 'people say that a wild horse is gentler at night, but I don’t believe it for a bronco horse once reared up with me in the dark.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \sd nature \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 92.696.2-697.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maxwuhu \a maxwuhun \va (maxwuhun-) \ps v \ge pull out from between two pressing things \de to pull out from between two pressing things \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv maxwuhunpi \pde to pull out from between two pressing things.APL.LOC \xv 1. kmaxwuhu \xe 'I pull a string out from between things that press it' (I pull a string out of a crack, out of someone’s mouth with lips closed, out from a closed hand, etc.). \xv 2. kmaxwuhunpi lokaštšʔeq \xe 'I pull it out of a crack.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.698.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx maxwululuk \ps v \ge pull string (of bowknot) \de to pull string (of bowknot) \ee For the second example, Harrington notes, "But how can a string pull itself?" \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv maxwululukšaši \pde to pull string (of bowknot).REFL.CPLV \xv 1. kmaxwululuk \xe 'I pull string of bowknot.' \xv 2. kimuhusimaxwululukšaši \xe 'so that they won’t draw themselves out like string out through a pinhole in a bag.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.698.2-699.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx may \ps v \ge go out (said of fire) \ge extinguish smth \ge put smth over smth/smn \de to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI may- in mayaniš ‘to disappear; to be lost; to vanish,’ INZ -may- ⁓ -ʼmay- ‘overwhelmed; overshadowed’ (Whistler 1980: 73; SYBCI 2007: 218) \cf ʔalaxtaqimayə \ce prairie dog \cf ʔaquwałmay \ce shadow \cf alimayəʔə \ce to be crepuscular (?nocturnal); to sleep during the day and not wake up till the afternoon \cf aqpalamaš \ce to make less of others; to make more of oneself with the purpose of making less of others; to excel at gaming \cf aqpalamay \ce to think oneself better than others \cf aqškʔunimay \ce to kill (an animal) clandestinely \cf aqšmayətš \ce to sup; to eat dinner \cf aqtaqimayə \ce to be dusk; ?to go out at dusk \cf aquwałmay \ce to shade; to cast shadow \cf aquwałmayəʔəš \ce sunshade; umbrella (for shade) \cf axmay \ce to trespass against \cf axtaqimayə \ce to set out in the evening \cf axʔunimay \ce to deceive; to fool; to cheat \cf iqmay \ce to cover (with the intent of closing off access to) \cf ixmay \ce to cause to faint \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \cf mayənli \ce to go down after midday (said of the sun) \cf nimay \ce to put out fire \cf numayəʔə \ce to do all day \cf saquwałmaypi \ce to shade smn \cf sumay \ce to miss; to feel lack of \cf suwaqmay \ce to reject; to want not \cf suyaqpalamay \ce to try to (appear to) be smarter than \cf šaqšmayətš \ce to feed supper \cf šukuštimay \ce to misplace; to lose smth \cf šumay \ce to throw into; to cover by throwing into \cf tamay \ce to forget \cf tipaxʔunimaš \ce to be a deceiver; to be a professional cheater \cf ?ušitaxmaš \ce to be peculiar \cf utimay \ce to extinguish suddenly \cf wasmayə \ce evening; in the evening \xv 1. tsmay \xe 'the fire or lamp went out.' \xv 2. neʔesmay sinə \xe 'the fire is already put out.' \sd verbs \sd fire \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 92.663.2; 93.51.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx mayay \rd maymayaʔay \ps n \ge cousin \de cousin \ee Said by mother's brother's wife. \sd kinship \sd affinal \lg JPH \rf 72.238.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx mayə \a mayú \a mayu \a mayə̀ \a mayən \va (mayən-, mayu) \ps v \ge evening, be \ge get dark on smn \ge dark on smn, get \ge ?west wind blowing, be the \de to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \mr [] \cf ʔalaxtaqimayə \ce prairie dog \cf alimayəʔə \ce to be crepuscular (?nocturnal); to sleep during the day and not wake up till the afternoon \cf aqtaqimayə \ce to be dusk; ?to go out at dusk \cf axtaqimayə \ce to set out in the evening \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayənli \ce to go down after midday (said of the sun) \cf numayəʔə \ce to do all day \cf qiłmayə \ce to ebb in the evening \cf šaqšmayətš \ce to feed supper \cf wasmayə \ce evening; in the evening \xv 1. kaskumi maʔam kanawa tsʰmayə \xe 'he/she arrived at the plain in the evening...' \xv 2. tsmayə \xe 'it is evening.' \xv 3. tsmayənit \xe 'night overtook me' (on the road). \xv 4. wašətš ʔismayə \xe 'good evening.' \xv 5. tsuninaxyət kaʔisiqsihi kaʔismayə \xe 'I took the medicine morning, noon, and night.' \xv 6. naʔišmayə \xe 'west wind.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.664.1-2; Coyo72 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx mayənli \ps v \ge go down after midday (said of the sun) \de to go down after midday (said of the sun) \ee Consultant had not heard this word but was himself sure that was an acceptable form. \mr ?[] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \xv 1. neʔesmayənli \xe 'the sun is already going down' (after midday). \sd verbs \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.665.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx maymayaʔay \ps n \ge cousin.REDUP \de cousin.REDUP \ee Said by mother's brother's wife. \cf mayay \ce cousin \sd reduplications \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx mays \ps n \ge corn \de corn \ee See http://lema.rae.es/drae/?val=maiz (accessed July 6, 2012). \mr [] \cf lotis \ce green ear of corn \cf tskow̓ \ce corncob (with no seeds) \xv 1. tsiyikuswu simays kasaʔaxʔaxkatəʔəš sałneʔemuštšum \xe 'they feed them corn and swill.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd plants \sd agriculture \sd Taíno \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.356.1; 92.665.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mayu \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mayutš \ps v \ge extinguished, be \de to be extinguished \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. tšmayutš hešitšʔišow \xe 'this carbon (charcoal) is extinguished.' \sd verbs \sd heat \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.666.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -mehe- \ps vroot \ge unfolded, be \ge spread open, be \de be unfolded; be spread open \cf aliyuxmeʔe \ce to lie with one's legs sticking straight out \cf meheʔe \ce to be unfolded; to be spread open \cf sumeheʔe \ce to unfold smth \cf šumeheʔetš \ce to stretch one’s body \cf yuxmeʔe \ce to have one’s legs extended straight out \sd vroots \sd roots \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx meheʔe \ps v \ge spread open, be \ge unfolded, be \de to be unfolded; to be spread open \mr [] \cf sumeheʔe \ce to unfold smth \cf šumeheʔetš \ce to stretch one’s body \xv 1. tsmeheʔe \xe 'it is spread open.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.706.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx melewe \a melewen \rd meleweʔe \va (melewen-) \ps v \ge sink under water \de to sink under water \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv meleweniʔiy \pde to sink under water.REP \cf sumeleweʔe \ce to pull under water; to pull in water \cf ušmelewe \ce to submerge one’s entire arm into water \cf wisumeleweʔe \ce to sink with blows \xv 1. kmelewe \xe 'I sank completely under the water.' \xv 2. neʔesmeleweʔe šiʔišaw \xe 'the sun has already set.' \xv 3. lakəʔəkš loʔistək kalmusmelewe \xe 'it was only the point that the water did not reach.' \xv 4. kʔuwe waliʔiʔin kisimeleweniʔiy \xe 'but they disappear again' (when the wave washes the sand away). \xv 5. lanupaʔaʔan tsmeleweʔe šiʔišaw kikasapətli ʔiswenmu \xe 'as soon as the sun sets it goes to roost.' \xv 6. neʔesmeleweʔe šiʔišaw \xe 'the sun has already set.' \sd water \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.470.1; 92.709.2-710.2 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx meleweʔe \a meleweʔè \ps v \ge sink under water.REDUP \de to sink under water.REDUP \cf melewe \ce to sink under water \sd reduplications \dt 12/Jul/2011 \lx mentana \cf mantana \ce window \sd variations \dt 10/Aug/2018 \lx meqseʔes \ph mɛqʰsɛˀɛs \a meqʰseʔes \a meqʰseʔès \a meqses \va (meqses-) \ps v \ge weave smth \de to weave smth \ee This is said of weaving a mat or weir. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv meqsespi \pde to weave smth.APL.LOC \cf ʔes \ce to weave openwork \cf meqšešeš \ce woven mat \xv 1. hukmeqseʔes \xe 'I am going to weave a mat.' \xv 2. hukmeqsespi hešimiyaš \xe 'I am going to weave it using this string.' \sd verbs \sd household \sd common \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.708.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx meqšešeš \ps n \ge woven mat \ge mat, woven \de woven mat \gn petate \dn petate \mr [] \sy ʔešeʔeš \cf ʔes \ce to weave openwork \cf meqseʔes \ce to weave smth \sd household \sd verbs \sd common \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.708.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx meqxeʔe \ps v \ge become untied by slipping out \ge untied by slipping out, become \de to become untied by slipping out \mr [] \xv 1. neʔekayusmeqxeʔe lokaswałkənəknəʔət \xe 'the rope that is wrapped around the post to hold the cow is just about to slip all out to the very end and the cow will go loose.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.707.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mes \ps v \ge traverse \ge travel across \de to traverse; to travel across \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv mesli \pde to traverse.DIR; to travel across.DIR \pdv mestiʔiy \pde to traverse.CIS; to travel across.CIS \cf ʔapimešeš \ce invited person; guest \cf ʔelełmes \ce other side \cf ʔikumešeš \ce dam (of water) \cf aliwesmes \ce to lie in a crosswise position \cf apimes \ce to invite \cf eqtewesmes \ce to be blown over to another area \cf ikumes \ce to dam up \cf kasuwesmes \ce to cut lengthwise \cf mesi \ce to change from one place to another; to be traitor to \cf piłmes \ce to jump or spring across \cf qiłmes \ce island \cf qulusuwesmes \ce to move smth lengthwise \cf siwełmes \ce to throw to the other side; to shuttle \cf sumesimesi \ce to make go over; to make traverse; to make pass over \cf suwesmes \ce to make traverse; to put across \cf šiwełmešeʔeš \ce shuttle (for weaving) \cf tayames \ce to traverse in a hurry \cf times \ce to button \cf timešeʔeš \ce buttonhook (for shoes); fastener \cf wesmes \ce to be traversed \cf xełmes \ce to jump or spring across \xv 1. kmes \xe 'I walk or ride across.' \xv 2. hukmes \xe 'I am going to cross it.' \xv 3. hukmesli \xe 'I am going over to the other side' (of the water) ; 'I am going to the islands.' \xv 4. tsimestiʔiy \xe 'they fly over here from the islands.' \xv 5. hukmesli hesuʔutʔam \xe 'I am going to cross the river.' \xv 6. hukmes hukapałpałhay \xe 'I am going to cross (the water) giving several jumps.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.64.1; 92.715.1-717.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mesa \cf lamesa \ce table \sd variations \dt 06/Jul/2011 \lx mesi \ps v \ge change from one place to another \ge traitor to, be \de to change from one place to another; to be traitor to \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałmesi \pde to change from one place to another.NZ; to be traitor to.NZ \cf ʔałmesi \ce I. traitor II. land snail \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf sumesimesi \ce to make go over; to make traverse; to make pass over \xv 1. kmesi \xe 'I change' (as soldier from one regiment to another). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.216.2; 89.231.3; 92.716.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx meš \ps n \ge purse \ge bag \ge sack \ge testicles \de bag; purse; sack; testicles \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI meš ‘bag, carrying bag, sack,’ INZ meš ‘small sack; bag’ (Whistler 1980: 17; SYBCI 2007: 220) \sy ixʔos \xv 1. meš ʔi ʔaxwi \xe 'buckskin purse.' \xv 2. huksutiyək šaʔałtšum hukapšək hešikmeš \xe 'I am going to put money into my leather purse.' \xv 3. hešikmeš \xe 'my testicles.' \sd tools \lg TJPH \rf 92.174.1, 718.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx metati \ps n \ge metate (stone used for food preparation) \ge stone used for food preparation (metate) \de metate; stone used for food preparation \mr [] \xv 1. tsaxixe hesimetati \xe 'this metate is worn smooth.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukikuk hesikmetati \xe 'I am going to chip at my metate.' \sd tools \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd Nahuatl \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.372.1, 600.3; 92.718.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx metš \ps n \ge fawn (young deer) \de fawn (young deer) \ee Occurs in the name of a constellation apparently. \mr [] \cf manesał \ce doe (female deer) \cf sulupakʔa \ce deer (young and without branching horns) \cf wə \ce deer \cf wiwiyət \ce buck (male deer) \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.697.2, 703.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mexikanu \ps n \ge Mexican \de Mexican \mr [] \xv 1. simexikanu \xe 'a Mexican.' \sd people \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.711.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mexmexmey̓ \ps n \ge Indian rush bed \ge bed, Indian rush \de Indian rush bed \mr [] \xv 1. loʔsimexmexmey̓ \xe 'Indian rush bed.' \sd plants \sd household \lg JPH; JT \rf 69.28; 81.73.2 \dt 28/Jun/2018 \lx mexmey̓ \rd mexmexmey̓ \a mexmeiʔ \sc Juncus textilis \ps n \ge Indian rush \ge rush, Indian \de Indian rush \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI mexwey̓ ‘rush; reed,’ CRZ meqmey̓ ‘junco (reed),’ INZ mexmey̓ ‘basket rush’ (Whistler 1980: 75; Beeler & Klar 1977: 114; SYBCI 2007: 220) \ee This rush was used for sewing strands in coiling. See also Timbrook 2007 (101 108). \cf taš \ce wire rush \xv 1. loʔsimexmexmey̓ \xe 'Indian rush bed.' \xv 2. mexmey̓ sukaltsunuwus \xe 'the beginning is of Indian rush.' \xv 3. hukʰsununa kʔuwe hukusunuwus simexmey̓, no hukixip heʔistiwís kikanupán huksunuwus sitaš \xe 'I am going to begin the basket with Indian rush, and when I finish the bottom I am going then to use wire rush.' \sd plants \sd culture \sd basketry \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.28 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mexseqe \ps v \ge shove along \de to shove along \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \xv 1. lo mexseqe! \xe 'shove the ink bottle along the surface of the table so it will be farther from me without giving it a sudden thrust!' \xv 2. hukmexseqe \xe 'I am going to shove it.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.712.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mexwe \a mexwen- \va (mexwen-) \ps v \ge whet \de to whet \gn afilar \dn afilar \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI mexweʼ ‘to sharpen; to whet; to hone; to grind (corn); to drag (the feet),’ INZ mexweʼ ⁓ mexweš ‘to grind; to whet; to wear down; to be bothersome’ (Whistler 1980: 17; SYBCI 2007: 220) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv mexwenpi \pde to whet.APL.LOC \cf mexweneʔeš \ce grindstone \cf timalamexwe \ce to whet slowly \xv 1. kmexwe \xe 'I whet it.' \xv 2. hukmexwe \xe 'I am going to whet' (the knife). \xv 3. no ʔan hukmexwe \xe 'I am going to whet it.' \xv 4. hukišmexwe hekasʔəw xwan \xe 'we are going to whet Juan’s knife.' \xv 5. kmexwenpi sixəp saʔałtəkəkʰə \xe 'I rub (shell) on a rough rock.' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd food \sd hunting \lg JPH \rf 91.136.2; 92.712.2-713.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx mexweneʔeš \ps n \ge grindstone \de grindstone \mr [] \cf mexwe \ce to whet \sd tools \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.713.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -mey̓- \a -mey- \va (-mey-) \ps vroot \ge smooth, be \ge soft, be \de be smooth; be soft \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI meymey ‘to be soft,’ INZ meymey ‘to be soft; to be smooth’ (Whistler 1980: 17; SYBCI 2007: 221) \cf imey \ce to streak with \cf ušmey̓ \ce to stroke \sd vroots \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.707.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx məʔ \a mə \va (mə) \ps excl \ge no \de no \et *ni \ec Compare BOI e- ‘NEGATIVE,’ CRZ ani- ‘NEGATIVE,’ INZ ʼini- ‘not; NEGATIVE’, PUY ni- ‘NEGATIVE,’ OBI mɨ ⁓ kɨ-nɨ ‘NEGATIVE ⁓ NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE’ (Klar 1977: 60; SYBCI 2007: 551) \ee See Ventureño verbal negative affixes ͽʔəwə- ‘negative irrealis’, ͽʔina- ‘negative imperative,’ ͽmu- ‘negative,’ and ͽni- ‘negative interrogative’ \cf xom̓ \ce no \xv 1. məmə \xe 'no, no.' \xv 2. knunaʔał soʔoxoy kił tsaya ʔan mə \xe 'I took the small gathering basket (ͽʔoxoy) but the large gathering basket (ͽtsaya) I left behind.' \sd particles \sd common \sd exclamations \lg JPH \rf 92.719.1, 726.2 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx məʔə \ps v \ge drown \ge drowned, be \de to drown; to be drowned \gn ahogar \dn ahogar \cf suyaməʔə \ce to want to drown (oneself) \xv 1. tsməʔə \xe 'he got drowned.' \xv 2. hukməʔə \xe 'I am going to drown.' \xv 3. lokaʔatʔaxatš kałməʔə \xe 'the man who got drowned.' \xv 4. tsple ʔitiʔišup tsməʔə \xe 'the world terminated in water' (lit., 'drowned'). \xv 5. kiskʔilitapi kəwə tsʰuyaməʔə kikasməʔə \xe 'she rushed into the water to drown herself, and was drowned.' \xv 6. huksunapay hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔasməʔə \xe 'I am going to take out water, so he won’t drown.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd health \rf Glutton179-180 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx məʔək \a məʔə̀k \ps adj \ge far, be \ge far away, be \ge last \de to be far; to be far away; to last \et *mik (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI mɨk ‘far,’ CRZ mɨkɨč ‘far,’ INZ mɨk ‘far,’ OBI mɨtʸɨ ⁓ mɨkšɨ ‘far’ (Klar 1977: 84-85) \cf ʔanaməkə \ce to tolerate; to support; to hold \cf ʔaqməkə \ce upper back \cf axməkə \ce to be deep \cf məkəʔə \ce to go far away/out \cf nəməkəʔə \ce to carry far out/away \cf quntiməkəʔə \ce to cause smth long to go far \cf saxməkə \ce to make deep \cf taniməkəʔə \ce to go not too far out/away \cf utiməʔək \ce to be very far off \cf walaməkəʔə \ce to go far quickly \cf xałməkəʔə \ce to jump very far together \xv 1. məʔək sikuštʔey \xe 'I touched it or worked long.' \xv 2. məʔək ʔišišuštʔey \xe 'they two touched it a long time.' \xv 3. kʰqisə sitomoł loməʔək \xe 'I see a boat way out at sea.' \xv 4. muməʔək San Fernando \xe 'not far from San Fernando.' \xv 5. loʔišup šixaʔax ʔan məʔək \xe 'the mountains are very far.' \xv 6. lokanawnawaʔaʔay kaku ʔan məʔək ʔisiyilikʔe \xe 'the people of before endured much, they were long-lived.' \xv 7. hukutoqop ki lo məʔək kayukʰkek \xe 'I dive under the water and over there, I am going to emerge.' \xv 8. tsʰusamha payikʔula məʔək hałtsyət hałku \xe 'he hears anybody coming far off.' \xv 9. lamunaməʔək ʔiskitwonwaš lokaʔapʰanəšmu kikasʔip \xe 'before very much time had passed after she left the village said.' \xv 10. latšʔił šitšotšonəʔəš sałmuməʔək hałtsinałnaʔał \xe 'there are some fish that do not get very far before the big ones eat them.' \xv 11. tsutoqop ʔan məʔək kaskumli \xe 'it dives and comes up far off.' \xv 12. wašətš ʔisitu, payikʔulaməʔək hałtsyət hałku ʔan tsiyitaq \xe 'the (antelopes) have good ears, they hear anybody coming no matter how far off.' \xv 13. munaməʔək ʔištapinwaš kiskuʔum lokaštete ʔalaktik šiʔixpanəš \xe 'her mother came shortly to fetch some acorns.' \xv 14. lasʰuyuskumuʔus kuhušuliʔiš kʔuwe mušahaʔaš kiwə məʔək \xe 'the baby was reaching out its arms to take hold of its mother but could not reach her for she was to far away.' \xv 15. lamunaməʔək lokawot kaʔałnuna kukamoŋa ʔan tšaqtšum lokašʰaʔay̓ \xe 'after a while the Captain of Cucamonga took a fancy to the daughter.' \xv 16. ʔiti ʔan mušpelonušaš kəwə mitʔi šipułhewu; kilatšə ʔišupšuʔup kišnaʔał muntana, məʔək lošaʔałtəhətš muntana, kanawa skitwo ʔiti ʔan laswatwatipelonušaš kilakałkumli (Ϟor kinelaskumli) montana, kanawa husimokʔotʔiy ʔan sesanta pesus ʔipiʔiw \xe 'here he does not shear because there are few sheep; he is always going to Montana, it is far that place called Montana; when he starts out here he shears his way there little by little and reaches Montana and when he returns it costs him $60.00.' \xv 17. mitsqanaqan ʔan məʔək \xe 'Ventura is very far.' \sd pronouns \sd vadjectivals \sd adjectives \sd common \lg TJPH \rf 89.139.1; 90.231.3; 91.531.2; 92.721.1-723.2; 93.359.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx məʔəy \a məy \va (məy-) \ps v \ge give a wedding gift \ge wedding gift, give a \ge gift, give a wedding \de to give a wedding gift \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ mɨy- in mɨyič ‘to be generous’ (SYBCI 2007: 224) \cf məyəʔəš \ce wedding gift \xv 1. tsməʔəy \xe 'he gave a wedding gift.' \xv 2. hukməyuʔus lokaxʔanwa \xe 'I am going to carry a wedding gift to the bride.' \sd verbs \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.720.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx məkə \rd məkəʔə \ps vroot \ge go far away/out \de to go far away/out; to remove oneself far away/out \ee Note that only the reduplicated form appears on its own as a word. \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ mɨkɨn̓ ‘to go far; to be far away’ (Applegate 1972: 430) \cf ʔanaməkə \ce to tolerate; to support; to hold \cf ʔaqməkə \ce upper back \cf axməkə \ce to be deep \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \cf məkəʔə \ce to go far away/out \cf nəməkəʔə \ce to carry far out/away \cf quntiməkəʔə \ce to cause smth long to go far \cf saxməkə \ce to make deep \cf taniməkəʔə \ce to go not too far out/away \cf walaməkəʔə \ce to go far quickly \sd vroots \sd roots \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.724.2-725.1; Daughter16 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx məkəʔə \ps v \ge go far away/out \de to go far away/out \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv məkənli \pde to go far away/out.DIR \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \cf nəməkəʔə \ce to carry far out/away \cf quntiməkəʔə \ce to cause smth long to go far \cf taniməkəʔə \ce to go not too far out/away \cf walaməkəʔə \ce to go far quickly \cf xałməkəʔə \ce to jump very far together \xv 1. tšəpməkəʔə ! \xe 'go (far) away!' \xv 2. tšəpiməkəʔə ! \xe 'go ye 3+ (far) away!' \xv 3. ʔula muʔəhə hałtsʔixip, ʔan ʔəwəlasməkənli hałtšpelonušaʔaš \xe 'if he did not earn a lot he would not go so far to shear.' \xv 4. tsʔip, “pi kapałʔalušyoxonit lokaʔo kakʰkepmu, tšə, tšə, pʰnaʔał ! tšə pməkəʔə ! \xe 'he said, “so you are the one who is riling up my bathing-pool, be gone! get away from here, take yourself far from here!' \xv 5. kansaʔałtšutšʰoho ʔisaqiwəwə ʔan tšwelexš losiʔikʔikmen̓ tšwelexšpi hesiʔikʔikmen̓ tsməkənli \xe 'one who knows how to swim the waves passes the waves and goes far.' \xv 6. tsməkənli \xe 'it goes far.' \xv 7. munatštə kuhusuməkənli \xe 'they do not go far.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.724.2-725.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx məł \ps v \ge dull, be \de to be dull \an tsʔətsʔə \xv 1. tsʰməł \xe 'it is dull.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 72.324.1; 92.726.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx məs \sc Quercus berberidifolia; Quercus dumosa \hm 1 \ps n \ge scrub oak \ge oak, scrub \ge Nuttall’s scrub oak \ge oak, Nuttall’s scrub \de scrub oak; Nuttall’s scrub oak \gn encinito \dn encinito \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI mɨs ‘scrub oak,’ CRZ mɨsɨ ‘acorn mush,’ INZ mɨs ‘scrub oak’ (Whistler 1980: 17; Beeler & Klar 1977: 70; SYBCI 2007: 224) \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (162 163). \cf kuw̓ \ce coast live oak \cf mišax \ce blue oak; acorn of oak (not coast live oak) \cf ta \ce valley oak \sd plants \sd trees \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.96.1; 88.59 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx məs \hm 2 \cf məšiwaš \ce mother-in-law \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx məšiwaš \a məšiwaš \a məs \va (məs) \ps n \ge mother-in-law \de mother-in-law \ee Harrington stated that this could also be used for one's father in law. \et *mVSV \ec Compare BOI mɨš ‘mother-in-law,’ INZ mɨš ‘mother-in-law; father-in-law,’ OBI mɨšɨ ‘mother-in-law’ (Klar 1977: 98). \sd kinship \sd affinal \lg KO; TJPH \rf 72.213.4; 92.727.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mət \ps n \ge back \de back \et *mVtVʔ (KK); *mitiʔ (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI mɨt ‘back,’ INZ mɨt ‘back,’ OBI mɨtɨʼ ‘back’ (Klar 1977: 67) \cf ʔaqməkə \ce upper back \cf alimətpi \ce to have one's back to \cf mətpi \ce to turn one's back towards \cf qit \ce small of the back \cf səmətpi \ce to put with the back against \xv 1. tsmətʰ \xe 'its back.' \xv 2. lokaxəp ʔan ʔiti sikmət kasʔił \xe 'the rock is behind me' (said of man sitting). \xv 3. lokaʔax ʔan tsʔił ʔisʔixpilił heʔismət \xe 'his bow has sinew on its back.' \xv 4. tsʔaxpilił ʔismət ʔiwə \xe 'the back sinew of a deer.' \xv 5. heʔismət hesiktaliw \xe 'the back of my bow.' \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH \rf 92.727.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx mətpi \ps v \ge turn one's back towards \de to turn one's back towards \ee Harrington notes that this is the only word for a body part that is used in this manner. \mr [] \cf alimətpi \ce to have one's back to \cf mət \ce back \cf səmətpi \ce to put with the back against \xv 1. kmətpi kikaktotstotsʔi \xe 'I turned my back to him and kicked him.' \xv 2. tsmətpiyit \xe 'the man turned his back to me.' \xv 3. hukxenenpi sipʔon \xe 'I put my shoulder-blade against a pole.' \xv 4. hukmətpiyił \xe 'I am going to turn my back on you.' \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.728.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx məy \ps n \ge wolf \de wolf \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI mɨy ‘wolf’, INZ mɨy ‘wolf’ (Whistler 1980: 17; SYBCI 2007: 224) \xv 1. hesiməy ʔan latšə ʔisitaktəwu šaʔałhaputš \xe 'the wolves used to kill a lot of cattle.' \xv 2. mukxiliwasənwu lokalaxəwəł kasiməy kinawa kʰqisənwu loʔišupšup \xe 'I could not distinguish coyotes from wolves when I saw them in the hills.' \xv 3. tsisuwaxaʔax ʔisiyiwon lokaməy, tšiyalułkuwitš ʔisiywon \xe 'the wolves had a low-pitched resonant sound, they inspired fear.' \xv 4. lokaməy ʔan katanixaʔax ʔišišʰin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolf was a little bigger than the coyote.' \xv 5. pakeʔet ʔišištəqšəʔəš lokaʔalaxəwəł kalokaməy, ʔan katanixaʔax lokaməy tštowitš \xe 'the wolf and the coyote are of the same color, but the wolf is bigger and is swifter.' \xv 6. hesiməy (Ϟor lokaməy) šałmušiyaqša ʔan tsinaʔał kałʔiyaqutišəʔəʔətš ʔisihin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolves who did not perish went to other lands; they are smarter than the coyotes.' \xv 7. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə saʔalaxəwəł hemitsqanaqan yəlaʔa heʔišup, kasiməy ʔan ʔəhənwaš, latšʔilitš kisiyamtiʔiy šaʔapʰanəšmu, kałʔəhəʔəʔə šałʔisuwuswu šaʔatəšwənəš kilokalamwəłwu ʔan katanimitʔi \xe 'in early times there were lots of coyotes at Ventura in the hills and there were lots of wolves, sometimes they came down to the town, the people poisoned more than they shot.' \xv 8. lokaməy ʔan katanuʔułyi heʔisxanaxan (Ϟor heʔisnuxš) ʔišišʰin lokaʔalaxəwəł, kaypi kištaxtaxšətš heʔisxanaxan \xe 'the wolf has a longer jaw than the coyote, and therefore his jaw is stronger.' \xv 9. loʔkašʔaxšəw kaməy yəlaʔà samseqe loʔkaswaxà kisamaqulusmiy, kasamsaxsə̀w, kinupan tšamušikʔòm̓ katšoxonəšpì loʔkaməy. kaʔalitʰpè kaloʔkakawayu ʔan tšoxonəšpi, tsamsuwesmes \xe 'they remove the shit from all the wolf guts and they twist it, they put it out to dry, they keep it and the wolf fears it. the horse who is smart fears it' (they put it across). \sd animals \sd nature \sd mammals \lg TJPH \rf 71.951.1-958.1; 89.543.4, 73.2, 622.1; 90.116.4, 326.1; 91.68.4, 95.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx məy- \cf məʔəy \ce to give a wedding gift \sd variations \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx məyəʔəš \ps n \ge wedding gift \ge gift, wedding \de wedding gift \mr [] \cf məʔəy \ce to give a wedding gift \xv 1. hesikməyəʔəš \xe 'my wedding gifts' (wife says of gifts already given). \sd culture \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 92.720.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mi- \a m- \va (m-) \ps npre \ge LOC \de locative prefix \ee Glossed as LOC. \cf maliyaš \ce road; road surface \cf małwilutš \ce afterbirth; place for giving birth \cf manaxš \ce to snuff smth \cf milaq \ce outdoors \cf mišup \ce earth (on earth); smwh below \cf mištəq \ce smokehole \cf mištəqitš \ce to have a smokehole \cf mitšumaš \ce Mitšumaš; present-day Santa Cruz Island \cf mixəp \ce gizzard \xv 1. ʔapʰanəšmu mišup ; ʔapʰanəšmu ʔalałpay \xe 'the world below ; the world above.' \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \sd locations \sd places \lg TJPH \rf Daughter71; Stinkbug1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -mi- \cf -miy- \ce twist \sd variations \dt 14/Jul/2011 \lx miʔiš \ps v \ge cry.REDUP \de to cry.REDUP \cf miš \ce to cry \sd reduplications \dt 16/Sep/2012 \lx -mil- \ps nroot \ge water \de water \et *mihi-l \ec Compare BOI –mil- in ʼaqmil ‘to drink,’ CRZ –mil- in ʼaqmil ‘to drink; to be thirsty’ and –mih- in mihi ‘water,’ INZ –mil- in ʼaqmil ‘to drink,’ OBI –miłh- in ʼaqmiłha ‘to be thirsty,’ PUY -mi- in saqmi ‘to drink’ (Klar 1977: 22; Harrington 1986: 3.6.28.1) \mr [] \cf ʔaqmilaʔaš \ce drinking cup \cf aqmiʔił \ce to fetch water \cf aqmił \ce to drink \cf suyaqmił \ce to thirst \cf suyaqmilutš \ce to be thirsty \cf šamiyho \ce to splash water \cf unaqmił \ce to get water early (in the morning) \sd roots \sd elements \sd water \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx milaq \ps n \ge outdoors \de outdoors \ee This may be a dialectal variant of ͽmitəpə, but ͽmilaq cannot be used in every comparable combination. \xv 1. nełtseqe lokapʰintštəʔəniwaš? ; milaq \xe 'where is your dog?' ; 'outdoors.' \sd places \sd dialects \lg JPH \rf 92.731.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx milik \ps n \ge father-in-law \de father-in-law \sd kinship \sd affinal \lg JPH, KO \rf 72.214.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx milimoł \ps n \ge north \de north \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI milimol ‘north,’ CRZ milimol̓ ⁓ milimol ‘north,’ INZ milimol ‘north’ (Whistler 1980: 17; Beeler & Klar 1977: 109; SYBCI 2007: 222) \cf minimoł \ce country up by Tejon; plain (geographical feature) \cf tšminimolitš \ce Yokuts; Tulareño \xv 1. kalotoyi hešikyəwəš ʔan tsaqutikumelus milimoł \xe 'I am lying with my head to the north.' \xv 2. ʔaqiwo heʔmilimoł \xe 'north star (Polaris).' \sd places \sd directions \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.732.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx miluk \ps n \ge base (of structure) \ge foot (of structure) \ge corner (of room) \de base (of structure); foot (of structure); corner (of room) \xv 1. tsałpunli heʔismiluk ʔišə \xe 'he goes along the base of the cliff.' \xv 2. lo ełyepli miluk \xe 'I go along the cliff base.' \xv 3. huktipawiłpi šaʔatʔaxatš lomiluk \xe 'I press the man against the corner of the room with my hands.' \xv 4. yəlaʔa lokapenew ʔan tsiyuxni hesiyeqenli miluk lokašə \xe 'all the seals leave the foot of the cliff.' \xv 5. loʔkatšumàš ʔan tšiyuštewè šuʔuxpaʔàš, kiloʔkaʔiʔatʔap miluk kałʔisəpuswu ʔisiwəł tsisunuwus ʔišukowowonəʔə̀š \xe 'the Chumash (islanders) used to harpoon the otter, but the mainland Indians taught them to shoot them with arrows.' \xv 6. nełtsʔilił ? ; lomiluk \xe 'where is [it]? ; there in the corner [of the room].' \xv 7. loʔismiluk ʔi šup kasʔilił san fernando \xe 'san fernando is at the foot of the mountains.' \sd geography \sd places \lg JPH \rf 92.645.1, 732.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx mim \sc Paeonia californica \ps n \ge peony \de peony \gn peonía \dn peonía \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (136). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.81.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx minimoł \ps n \ge country up by Tejon \ge plain (geographical feature) \de country up by Tejon; plain (geographical feature) \mr [] \cf milimoł \ce north \cf tšminimolitš \ce Yokuts; Tulareño \sd places \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.733.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx minoqʔots \ps placename \ge island (specific island) \de island (specific island) \sd placenames \sd geography \lg JPH \rf 88.4843 \dt 21/Sep/2018 \lx miserikorida \ps n \ge mercy \de mercy \ee This refers, perhaps more specifically, to the Works of Mercy of the Catholic Church. \xv 1. lokaʔeqʔeqweleš ʔimiserikordia ʔan kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \xe 'the works of mercy are fourteen.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd religion \lg TJPH \rf 89.503.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx miš \rd miʔiš \rd mišmiš \a míš \ps v \ge cry \de to cry \cf nišumiš \ce to make cry \cf numiš2 \ce to cry for; to get by means of crying \cf oxoxwoʔo \ce to bawl \cf oxwoʔo \ce to give a cry \cf šuyamiš \ce to want to cry \cf uwapmiš \ce to yelp \xv 1. tšmišmiš \xe 'he is crying and weeping.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa tšimišmiš \xe 'everyone is crying.' \xv 3. tšmiš siʔan \xe 'it weeps blood.' \xv 4. no ʔan kmišmišwaš \xe 'I was crying.' \xv 5. no ʔan hukmiʔiš \xe 'I am going to cry.' \xv 6. ksuyamiš \xe 'I want to cry.' \xv 7. kutiwtiwon ksusuyamiš \xe 'I sob and want to cry.' \xv 8. tšammiš \xe 'they are crying' (long ). \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH \rf 92.734.2-736.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mišax \sc Quercus douglasii \ps n \ge blue oak \ge oak, blue \ge acorn of oak (not coast live oak) \de blue oak; acorn of oak (not coast live oak) \ee Described as a type of deciduous oak that had a large eye and large acorns. One consultant noted that the acorns of this oak were gathered and much liked. Simplicio Pico, however, said that these acorns were poor and inferior to acorns (ͽʔixpanəš) from the coast live oak (ͽkuw̓). \et ɕ \ec Compare PUY mišʼkata ‘blue oak’ (Timbrook 2007: 163) \cf kuw̓ \ce coast live oak \cf məs1 \ce scrub oak; Nuttall’s scrub oak \cf ta \ce valley oak \sd plants \sd trees \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 88.58 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx mišmiš \ps v \ge cry.REDUP \de to cry.REDUP \cf miš \ce to cry \sd reduplications \dt 12/Apr/2011 \lx mišmištəʔəq \ps n \ge smokehole.REDUP \de smokehole.REDUP \cf mištəq \ce smokehole \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mišopšno \ps n \ge Mišopošno \ge Carpenteria \de Mišopšno; present-day Carpenteria \xv 1. nipsuyanunaliʔit mišpošno \xe 'do you not want to take me to Carpenteria?' \sd places \lg TJPH \rf 89.215.3, 445.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mištəq \rd mišmištəʔəq \ps n \ge smokehole \de smokehole \ee This refers to the hole used to vent smoke in the middle of a dwelling. Used to describe the hole in a ͽqołnowonəš. \mr [] \cf ʔitow \ce smoke \cf mištəqitš \ce to have a smokehole \cf qołnowonəš \ce hut shaped like a half egg \cf təq \ce eye/face \xv 1. šimištəq \xe 'the smokehole.' \xv 2. tšmištəq \xe 'its smokehole.' \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.108.4; 92.736.2-737.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx mištəqitš \ps v \ge have a smokehole \ge smokehole, have a \de to have a smokehole \mr [] \cf mištəq \ce smokehole \xv 1. ʔałmištəqitš \xe 'it has a smokehole.' \sd household \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.737.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx mišup \ps n \ge earth (on earth) \ge smwh below \de earth (on earth); smwh below \mr [] \cf šup2 \ce large hill; earth; dirt; smth below \xv 1. (no) kakmišup \xe 'it is my land.' \xv 2. kakišmišup \xe it is the land of us two \xv 3. losaʔalaxsəw šimišup \xe 'the dry land.' \xv 4. tštšʔeqtšʔeq hemišup \xe 'this earth is cracked.' \xv 5. kikasinaʔał mišup \xe 'the flying fish went below the surface.' \xv 6. tštšʔeqtšʔeq hemišup ʔišnalutš \xe 'the ground is cracked where he went.' \xv 7. latšə ʔisalotoyi lomišup \xe 'it lies at the bottom of the sea all the time.' \xv 8. latšə simišup kašnałnaʔał \xe 'he stays in the bottom of the ocean all the time.' \xv 9. lokaʔaleqweł ʔalałpay kaʔitimišup \xe 'Creator of heaven and earth.' \xv 10. yəlaʔa lokałxiłkutʔuy hemišup ʔan kakʔuw \xe 'all the seedlings at the bottom of the sea he eats.' \xv 11. ʔalałpay kamišup kayəlaʔa ʔitiʔišup \xe 'in Heaven and in earth and everywhere.' \xv 12. tsamyikus susʔatʔap latšə heʔismaʔam hemišup \xe 'they gave him persmission to live always below the earth.' \xv 13. šikšepšle saʔałʔalałpay ; šikšepšle saʔałmišup \xe 'my upper lip' ; 'my lower lip.' \xv 14. lakʰan tsałnałpiʔi ʔan tstikusuwaya hemišup \xe 'where he goes he raises the ground a little.' \xv 15. muštapi hemišup lakʔałsinowo kikakušʰo kiswoloyi \xe 'it is not fixed in the earth, it is only standing. I let go and it falls over.' \xv 16. mušitapi hemišup lakałsinowonwu. kikakušʰonwu kisiwoloyi \xe 'they are not fixed in the earth, they are only standing. I let go and they fall over.' \sd places \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.645.2, 738.1-740.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mitəpə \rd mitmitəpəʔə \a mitəpə̀ \ps n \ge door \de door \ee While this was the preferred term for ‘door,’ it was deemed less ‘correct’ than ʔiqip by Harrington’s consultant. \et ɕ \ec Compare PUY amiptəpə ‘door’ (Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \sy ʔiqip \xv 1. hemitəpə \xe 'outside here, outdoors.' \xv 2. lokakmitəpə \xe 'my door.' \xv 3. kmitmitəpəʔə \xe 'my doors.' \xv 4. kikakiqip losimitəpə \xe 'I shut the door.' \xv 5. tsamipoxʔi hesimitəpə \xe 'someone is knocking at the door.' \xv 6. hukušqʰał hesimitəpə \xe 'I am going to open the door.' \xv 7. salilikʔe loʔismitəpə ʔisʔap \xe 'it was at the door of its hole' (said of squirrel). \xv 8. kilokasmitəpə ʔan tseqwelus ʔisʔiqip \xe 'and he makes a door for its mouth.' \xv 9. kʔuwe kʔipus kišnaʔał lositsʔoho simitəpə \xe 'I told her to go around to the other door.' \xv 10. lokamitəpə ʔan mitʔi kimuskumulaʔa lokaxayanəš \xe 'the door was very small and the bed would not go through it.' \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.463.4; 92.740.2-741.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx mitmitəpəʔə \ps n \ge door.REDUP \de door.REDUP \cf mitəpə \ce door \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mitʰay̓ \ps n \ge shoe \de shoe \ee Humaliwo dialect. \xv 1. kmitʰay̓ \xe 'my shoe.' \sd clothes \sd dialects \lg JPH \rf 88.270.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx mitʔi \a mitʔì \ps adj \ge small in quantity or intensity, be \ge young, be \ge small, be \de to be small; to be young; to be small in quantity or intensity \cf itsʔanmitʔi \ce pinky; little finger \cf mitʔiʔiʔi \ce to be very little in amount or intensity \cf mitʔiniʔiʔi \ce to be very little (?in time) \cf mitʔinli \ce to taper \cf mitʔiyiwats \ce to be very small \cf sumitʔiʔin \ce to make small; to diminutivize (consonants) \cf suwamitʔiʔin \ce to use consonant diminutivism \cf šuwaštimitʔi \ce to pour in a trickle \cf tanimitʔi \ce to be smaller; to be lesser than \cf yuqmitʔi \ce to be slender \xv 1. ikšit lositanimitʔi ! \xe 'give me that smaller one!' \xv 2. ikšit losimitʔiʔiʔi ! \xe 'give me that smallest one!' \xv 3. ʔiti ʔan mitʔi siya \xe 'here there are small rockroses.' \xv 4. ʔiti ʔan tsʔił siya simitʔi \xe 'here there is a small rockrose.' \xv 5. kuliʔiš saʔalaxuwəł ; xaʔaxu ? ; məʔ, mitʔi \xe 'I caught a coyote' ; 'was it big?' ; 'no, little.' \xv 6. mitʔi ʔiʔaliyaš \xe 'path' (lit., 'a small road'). \xv 7. xʔanwa ʔi mitʔi \xe 'girl' ; 'girl not yet a woman.' \xv 8. kaqtšumwu sinaštəʔəʔə simitmitʔi watšwatšətš \xe 'I love the chickens when they are little; they are pretty.' \xv 9. lokatanałʔaləhəʔəy ʔan latšə ʔisisuxuxanusuwu lokatanimitmitʔi \xe 'the bigger boys are always bullying the smaller boys.' \xv 10. mušnałwaʔaš hesikołte, kikašnaʔał tšwašək, kikasʰinay ʔišlantšu kʔuwe lamitʔi kikašilikʔenutš kaʔišʰatiwə kaʔištałtałhəʔəw \xe 'he didn’t go to court, but he went and started a ranch, just a little one, and lived there with his wife and children.' \xv 11. lokamakał ʔan wašətš suʔamʔuw kʔuwe mitʔi ʔisʔamə \xe 'the bat is good to eat but he has very little meat.' \xv 12. tsʔił ʔiswałwaʔał, mitmitʔi ʔiswałwaʔał \xe 'it has little holes.' \xv 13. lokaʔałtšuyaqša ʔan lamitʔi ʔisamitaq ʔišałhaš \xe 'they barely can hear what the sick man says.' \xv 14. tšuxš ʔan lamitʔi \xe 'it has a faint smell.' \xv 15. heʔiswayi sałwelexš lamitʔi ʔištuhuy \xe 'the winter that passed it rained very litte.' \xv 16. lokamitmitʔi kašləyət \xe 'the very small sprouts' (from the ground). \xv 17. mitʔi saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is small' (said of a phase of the moon). \xv 18. tštapšutšaš ʔan lamitʔi \xe 'he sinks into the sand a little as he walks.' \xv 19. ipxey lamitʔi ! \xe 'put a little more on the plate!' \xv 20. tsʔił soʔo losimaha? ; tsʔił kʔuwe mitʔi \xe 'is there water there in the canyon?' ; 'there is very little.' \xv 21. hukseqen(w)as lamitʔi kaypi kuhusaqskʔatata \xe 'I remove a little at base of a crack so that it will clap better.' \xv 22. kʔuxstu lamitʔi \xe 'I am a little deaf.' \xv 23. lamitʔi ʔispow \xe 'it is just a little crooked.' \xv 24. lamitʔi sikaqtustəłwu \xe 'I already came in sight of them a little.' \xv 25. musnapiyetus, lamitʔi šikušiʔik \xe 'it does not hurt me very much.' \xv 26. no ka kʔałʔuxštuʔuʔu ki pi ʔan lamitʔi sipʔuxstu \xe 'I am more deaf than you.' \xv 27. sukuy lamitʔi, mupšipšəł ! \xe 'boil it, do not roast it on coals!' \xv 28. mitmitʔi lakasiʔam̓amə kamusilunaʔał \xe 'they are small and that is already the bodily size of them and they grow no more.' \sd vadjectivals \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 90.122.2; 92.742.1-92.745.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx mitʔiʔiʔi \a mitʔiʔiʔì \a mitʔiii \va (mitʔiii) \ps adj \ge little in amount or intensity, be very \de to be very little in amount or intensity \mr [] \cf mitʔi \ce to be small; to be young; to be small in quantity or intensity \cf suwamitʔiʔin \ce to use consonant diminutivism \xv 1. kuwa lamitʔiʔiʔi \xe 'wait a little!' \xv 2. kinelamitʔiʔiʔi ʔan kamusiʔił kamaʔamqisənwu \xe 'but after a short time none can be seen any more.' \xv 3. lakuwa mitʔiʔiʔi \xe 'in just a little while but not now.' \xv 4. lakuwa \xe 'wait a while' (I do not want any coffee now but in a little while). \xv 5. ki lašušʰo kaʔałšəpəšwaš lamitʔiii \xe 'she played [the line with] Coyote for a little while.' \sd vadjectivals \sd adjectives \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.746.1 \dt 22/Jun/2019 \lx mitʔiniʔiʔi \ps vajd \ge little (?in time), be very \de to be very little (?in time) \mr ?[] \cf mitʔi \ce to be small; to be young; to be small in quantity or intensity \xv 1. mitʔiniʔiʔi kuhušipšəł \xe 'a bit longer and it is well done.' \sd verbs \sd vadjectivals \sd adjectives \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.747.1 \dt 22/Jun/2019 \lx mitʔinli \ps v \ge taper \de to taper \mr [] \cf mitʔi \ce to be small; to be young; to be small in quantity or intensity \xv 1. tsmitʔinli lokašteleq \xe 'its tail tapers.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.747.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx mitʔiyiwats \ps adj \ge small, be very \de to be very small \mr [] \cf mitʔi \ce to be small; to be young; to be small in quantity or intensity \xv 1. mitʔi(y)iwats \xe 'it is very small.' \xn 'es muy chiquito.' \sd verbs \sd vadjectivals \sd shape \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.746.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx mitsqanaqan̓ \ph mɪtsqɑnɑˈqɑn̰ \a mitsqanaqʔan \a mitsqánàqán̓ \a mitsqanaqan \va (mitsqanaqan, mitsqanaqʔan) \ps n \ge Mitsqanaqan̓ \ge Ventura, present-day \de Mitsqanaqan̓; present-day Ventura \ee This word was used to refer to the original village site and also the present day city of Venutra, CA. It is said that this name was given by Coyote. \mr [] \cf xanaxan \ce lower jaw; chin; mandible \xv 1. hukʰnaʔał mitsqanaqan \xe 'I am going to Ventura.' \xv 2. mitsqanaqan ʔan məʔək \xe 'Ventura is very far.' \xv 3. mitšumaš ʔan tsaqutiqumelus ʔałpíntšʔè \xe 'Santa Cruz is opposite Santa Barbara.' \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.19; 94.67.4, 382.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx mitsqanaqʔan \cf mitsqanaqan̓ \ce Mitsqanaqan̓; present-day Ventura \sd variations \dt 07/Oct/2012 \lx mitšumaš \ph mɪtʃʊˈmɑʃ \ps n \ge Mitšumaš \ge Santa Cruz Island \de Mitšumaš; present-day Santa Cruz Island \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI mičʰumaš ‘Santa Cruz Island’ (Whistler 1980: 9) \mr [] \cf tšumaš \ce islander \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.15.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mixəp \ps n \ge gizzard \de gizzard \mr [] \cf xəp \ce stone \xv 1. lokaʔəqəy ʔan musʔił tsʰa, ʔan tsʔił ʔismixəp, tsiyutiyək siqəpqəʔəp kikałʔiyaqisə lokaqəpqəʔəp sałʔuw \xe 'the hen has no teeth, but a gizzard and it contains stones and grinds its food fine.' \sd anatomy \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.734.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -miy- \a -mi- \va (-mi-) \ps vroot \ge twist \de twist \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI miy- in miyaš ‘cord; twisted cord,’ INZ miy ‘to twist string’ (Whistler 1980: 17; SYBCI 2007: 223) \cf aqulusmiy \ce to twist string; to make string \cf miyaš \ce cord; fishline; string; twine \sd vroots \sd roots \lg JPH \rf 92.729.-730.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx miyaš \rd miymiyaʔaš \ps n \ge fishline \ge string \ge cord \ge twine \de cord; fishline; string; twine \gn pita \dn pita \ee Harrington notes that this was a word the Ventureño used for 'fishline.' \mr [] \sy waštʔuyaš \xv 1. kmiyaš \xe 'my cord.' \xv 2. kmiymiyaʔaš \xe 'my cords.' \xv 3. ktałtu šimiyaš \xe 'I take two strings in my hand together side by side.' \xv 4. xaxaʔax hešimiyaš \xe 'this is a coarse string.' \xv 5. tšuštuqutš hešimiyaš \xe 'this string is all tangled.' \xv 6. tšqolokʔitš šimiyaš \xe 'he has a string as a belt.' \sd food \sd ocean \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.86.2, 624.1-4; 92.730.2-731.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx miymiyaʔaš \ps n \ge fishline.REDUP \ge sting.REDUP \ge cord.REDUP \ge twine.REDUP \de cord.REDUP; fishline.REDUP; string.REDUP; twine.REDUP \cf miyaš \ce cord; fishline; string; twine \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx moʔox \ps n \ge wild gourd \ge gourd, wild \de wild gourd \gn chili coyote \dn chili coyote \ee The insides of the fruit of this plant were used to wash clothes as well as bodies. See also Timbrook 2007 (63). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.67.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx moholo \a moloho \va (moloho) \ee Consultant could not recall which wind this referred to. It denoted a very strong wind. Based on comparative evidence from BOI and CRZ, it appears to have referred to southerly winds. \et mVhV-l (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI molon ‘south; to blow from the south,’ CRZ smolo ⁓ smoloho ‘south wind; southeast wind’, PUY muhuw ‘south’ (Whistler 1980: 17; Beeler & Klar 1977: 120; Harrington 1986: 6) \se I \ps n \ge southeast wind \ge wind, southeast \de southeast wind \se II \ps v \ge southeast wind blowing, be the \de to be the southeast wind blowing \xv 1. tsmoholo \xe 'the ____ wind is blowing' ; 'the wind is blowing from the ____.' \sd meteorology \sd elements \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 79.29.1; 92.748.1-2 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx moł \ps v \ge toast \de to toast \sy oxtokok \cf moləʔəš \ce parching tray \xv 1. hukmoł \xe 'I am going to toast.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 92.749.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx moləʔəš \ps n \ge parching tray \de parching tray \ee Seeds such as chia were toasted by being tossed with hot coals in this tray. This was noted as being “very important.” See also Hudson & Blackburn (1983: 192 195). \mr [] \cf moł \ce to toast \sd food \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.41.1; 92.749.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx moləš \sc Artemisia douglasiana \ps n \ge mugwort \de mugwort \gn estafiate \dn estafiate \ee Referenced in Timbrook (2007: 37). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JT; JPH \rf 81.96.2; 90.697.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx moloho \cf moholo \ce I. southeast wind II. to be the southeast wind blowing \sd variations \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx momonəš \ps v \ge complete, be \ge whole, be \de to be complete; to be whole \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałmomonəš (ʔałmonəš) \pde to be complete.NZ; to be whole.NZ \xv 1. tšmomonəš \xe 'it is complete' (not a paper missing). \xv 2. tšmomonəš lokaxawon \xe 'it is a whole cake of soap.' \xv 3. huksałyət hesipapeł \xe 'I am going to count these papers.' \xv 4. ʔapinitšmomonəš \xe 'to see if it is complete.' \xv 5. ʔałmomonəš (Ϟor ʔałmonəš) lokaʔatʔaxatš, musʔił ʔałnoqš heʔisʔəł ka heʔispu \xe 'the man is perfect (has whole, unmutilated body), he has no cuts on his hands or legs.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.751.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx momoyitš \ps v \ge intoxicated, be \de to be intoxicated \mr [] \cf mom̓oy \ce toloache; Jimson weed; datura; January \xv 1. kmomoyitš \xe 'I am drunk' (with whiskey or Jimson weed). \xv 2. hukmomoyitš kəpə \xe 'I am going to take momoy now.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd health \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.750.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mom̓oy \a moʔmoi \a moʔmói \a momoi \a momòi \sc Datura wrightii \ps n \ge toloache \ge Jimson weed \ge datura \ge January \de toloache; Jimson weed; datura; January \ee This plant was used to induce visions in religious ceremonies and rights of passage. \et *mom̓oy from *moy \ec Compare BOI mom̓oy ‘Jimson weed,’ CRZ mom̓oy ‘Jimson weed,’ INZ momoy ‘Jimson weed,’ OBI moy-oq ‘Jimson weed’ (Klar 1977: 16-93) \cf momoyitš \ce to be intoxicated \xv 1. hesikmomoy \xe 'my toloache.' \xv 2. tsamseqpeyus lokamomoy hekaʔawalyente \xe 'take the Jimson weed with the liquor.' \sd plants \sd religion \sd culture \sd health \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 79.46.1; 92.750.1; Coyo71 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx monəšmu \a monušmu \va (monušmu) \ps n \ge iron oxide of red \de iron oxide of red \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI monus ‘to paint; to spread on; to write,’ INZ monušmuʼ ‘a kind of paint’ (Whistler 1980: 18; SYBCI 2007: 226) \ee This was noted as being “more or less argillaceous, abundant color in nature.” The red ocher was used in painting. Fernando Librado noted that this paint may have been mercurial, which would make the translation ‘vermilion’ better for this word. However, a red paint may have both compounds of iron and mercury. \cf həłhəł \ce red pigment consisting of ocher; ruddle \sd culture \sd colors \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 92.752.1; 94.390.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx montsow \ps n \ge weasel \de weasel \gn comadreja \dn comadreja \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI monsow ‘weasel’ (Whistler 1980: 70) \xv 1. tštaktə sitimew montsow \xe 'a weasel killed a rabbit.' \xv 2. loʔkatspax kamontsòw ʔan wašətš ʔi ʔaxiyeʔèp loʔišampəhə̀tš \xe 'the skin of the weasel is a good remedy when ones eyes are gummy or smeary' (just wipe eyes gently with fur side of the skin). \xv 3. laʔkʰan šipuliʔìš loʔkamontsow ʔan tsoxkonònò tsuwamitʔiʔìn kinupan tšuwaʔutšumitšàš ts[ʰ]uyaxsilìł; laʔkʰan simusuxlep ʔan tšoxšopiʔìł \xe 'when you grab the weasel it squeeks plaintively, moreover, it bites [into] and it will try to bite you; when it cannot do that it pisses on you.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 71.917.1-922.2; 91.68.2; 93.173.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx monušmu \cf monəšmu \ce iron oxide of red \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx motʔo \a motʔò \ps n \ge side \de side \cf motʔonutš \ce to have (smth) on one side \xv 1. ʔitimotʔo \xe 'here on the side where I am.' \xv 2. lomotʔo \xe 'on other side [of house from where I am standing].' \xv 3. loʔelełmes \xe 'on other side of the river.' \xv 4. lomotʔo sipon̓ \xe 'on the other side of the pole.' \xv 5. lomotʔo heʔiserko \xe 'on the other side of this fence.' \xv 6. pakeʔet ʔismotʔo \xe 'one side [of my body].' \xv 7. hesikʰintsmotʔo \xe 'the other side of the thing is mine.' \xv 8. lomotʔo ʔisʰowsoʔow \xe 'the other side of the hills.' \xv 9. ikšit lositsʔohoy hesałʔiti sutiyəʔət ! \xe 'give me the box that is on this side!' \xv 10. ikšit losikaxon sałlomotʔo tsutiyəʔət ! \xe 'give me that box that is on the other side over there!' \xv 11. tsweywey lokaspanayəʔəw pakeʔet ʔismotʔo \xe 'one side of the edge is notched.' \xv 12. kušušiʔik sałpakeʔet ʔismotʔo lokałpakeʔet kasmotʔo hesikʔamamə (kinelakušiʔik lokatsʔohoy) \xe 'I had a pain in one side (and a pain in my other side).' \sd directions \sd locations \lg JPH \rf 92.754.2-755.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx motʔonutš \ps v \ge have (smth) on one side \ge side, have (smth) on one \de to have (smth) on one side \mr [] \cf motʔo \ce side \xv 1. tštəkəkʰə ʔišmotʔonutš \xe 'it is rough on side and on the other side it is smooth.' \sd verbs \sd positions \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.756.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx motš \ps v \ge striped, be \de to be striped \xv 1. šmotšʰ \xe 'it is striped.' \xv 2. ʔatšəšə́ʔš ʔalmótšʰ \xe 'striped clam.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd colors \sd animals \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 70.188.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx mow \sc Alnus rhombifolia \hm 1 \ps n \ge white alder \ge alder, white \de white alder \gn alamillo \dn alamillo \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (26 27). \sd plants \sd nature \sd trees \rf 69.41.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx mow \hm 2 \cf mowh \ce smth sweet; candy made from molasses \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mowh \a mow \va (mow) \ps n \ge smth sweet \ge sweet, smth \ge candy made from molasses \ge corn dough pastry \ge pastry, corn dough \de smth sweet; candy made from molasses \gn panocha \dn panocha \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI mow ‘honey; sugar,’ INZ mow ‘honey; sugar’ (Whistler 1980: 18; SYBCI 2007: 227) \cf ʔałmowho \ce candy; sweets; honey \cf aqułmow \ce to choose; to pick smth out; to pick out the best or most pleasing \cf mowho \ce to be sweet \cf tołmow \ce to be rotten (as said of meat that stinks) \cf utimowhoʔoʔo \ce to be as sweet as \xv 1. mowh \xe 'candy made from molasses.' \sd food \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 92.756.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mowho \ps v \ge sweet, be \de to be sweet \mr [] \cf mowh \ce smth sweet; candy made from molasses \xv 1. tsmowho \xe 'it is sweet.' \xv 2. hesipelaš ʔan tsmowho \xe 'this pear is sweet.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.757.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mox- \ps vpre \ge having to do with erect things \ge erect things, having to do with \ge INSTR.erect \de having to do with erect things \ee Glossed as INSTR.erect. \cf imoxpʔow \ce to make curved by working (with tools, etc.) \cf moxnowo \ce to stand upright in a bunch \cf moxpʔow \ce to be bent down; to be bent over \cf simoxkowowo \ce to place to one side \cf simoxnowo \ce to erect \cf sumoxpʔow \ce to bend \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx moxloł \ps n \ge phlegm (in the lungs) \de phlegm (in the lungs) \cf moxloləš \ce phlegm (already spat out) \cf uwamoxloł \ce to purr; to make a death rattle \cf uxtšʔək \ce I. saliva; spit (inside mouth) II. to spit \xv 1. tsmoxloł \xe 'his plegm' (in his lungs). \xv 2. sikmoxloł \xe 'the phlegm in my lungs.' \xv 3. kaywaš lokakišmoxloł \xe 'that was the phlegm of them two.' \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 91.422.2; 92.752.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx moxloləš \ps n \ge phlegm (already spat out) \de phlegm (already spat out) \mr [] \cf ʔuxtšʔəkəš \ce spit (not in mouth) \cf moxloł \ce phlegm (in the lungs) \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.422.2; 92.753.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx moxnowo \ps v \ge stand upright in a bunch \de to stand upright in a bunch \ee This verb must be used with a plural subject. \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \cf simoxnowo \ce to erect \xv 1. tsimoxnowo \xe 'they stand erect in a bunch.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.753.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx moxpʔow \ps v \ge bent down, be \ge bent over, be \de to be bent down; to be bent over \mr [] \cf imoxpʔow \ce to make curved by working (with tools, etc.) \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \cf sumoxpʔow \ce to bend \xv 1. tsmoxpʔow \xe '(a tree) is bent over or down.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.754.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx moyoq \sc Zigadenus fremontii; Zigadenus venenosus \ps n \ge chaparral zygadene \ge zygadene, chaparral \ge death camas \ge camas, death \de chaparral zygadene; death camas \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (230). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.102.4 \dt 30/Aug/2019 \lx mu- \ps pre \ge NEG \de negative prefix \ee Glossed as NEG. \xv 1. muhušaqʰša \xe 'he is not going to die.' \xv 2. musʔil ʔałqisə \xe 'he saw no one.' \xv 3. mukaqnitpen \xe 'I don't remember her/him.' \xv 4. ʔalamupnuqisə \xe 'perhaps you did not look at it sharp.' \xv 5. mukayiti kaʔałnuna \xe 'it is not a native of here.' \xv 6. muʔiti kayʔiʔałnuna \xe 'they are not from here.' \xv 7. pi ʔan muʔitikapʔałnuna \xe 'you are not a native of here.' \xv 8. kaypi kimuhusiyʔaləhəy \xe 'so that they won’t grow up.' \xv 9. kamušamuškʔəy lasalinowo \xe 'it will refuse to move and just remain standing there' \xv 10. ʔiyalištaxan ! kimupiyałhaš ! \xe 'y’all have spirit! do not speak [make noise]!' \xv 11. laʔmunaməʔək sikilikʔè \xe 'it was not long that I remained [with him].' \xv 12. mupxuyuwit, ʔałhaš wašəʔəʔə̀tš! \xe 'do not lie to me, talk pure truth!' \xv 13. laʔkʰan simuhuskumlì wašnaxyət \xe 'if he doesn’t remember tomorrow.' \xv 14. lokaʔałʔapʰanəš ʔan musililikʔe \xe 'the owner of the house is not here.' \xv 15. laʔkʰan simuksalaqwaʔay, ʔan yəlaʔa muštšum \xe 'for if I do not make them well, all is no good.' \xv 16. musʔiliniʔiy hałtsʔohoy hałʔałpelonušaš \xe 'there is no other shearer better than he.' \xv 17. mupkitwoʔo hemitəpə lapiliklikʔe ʔitimaʔam ! \xe 'don’t go out doors, stay in here!' (said to child). \xv 18. kasiʔalaxsumu, musʔił ʔaltsukitʰwonwu \xe 'they suffered greatly, there was no one to take them out.' \xv 19. yəlaʔa kitaxsə̀ loʔkałʔamipʰpi kʔwe mukʰqiliway̓a \xe 'I understood all they said to [me], but I did not look out.' \xv 20. lasʰuyuskumuʔus kuhušuliʔiš kʔuwe mušahaʔaš kiwə məʔək \xe 'the baby was reaching out its arms to take hold of its mother but could not reach her for she was to far away.' \xv 21. tspeʔey heʔišup loʔkakiʔałhašəʔə̀š pakeʔet supnehet ʔan mupaxunimaš \xe 'our language is a flower, one thing you are going to do, that you do not deceive.' \xv 22. hesiyʔiyʔałnuna ʔiti ʔan musiyʔuw hałtuq, kilokaʔiyʔałnuna sonora ʔan tsiyawəy kisiyʔuw \xe 'the Indians here didn’t eat grasshoppers but the natives of Sonora roasted grasshoppers and ate them.' \xv 23. tšamšaqšinaʔał loʔkapon̓ yəlaʔa loʔkayułʔamsunuwus muhuštšʔeq ka muhusʔił tšluyət \xe 'they are careful about all the wood that they use, that it shall not be cracked or have a knot in it.' \xv 24. tsʔipus lokašʰatiwə, “mupʔałxuxa, kanawa huskumi ʔan pʔipus, ‘hukiwišił,’ ipus ‘munakalaqwaʔay,’ kihustapi” \xe 'his wife said to him, "don’t be a coward, when he arrives tell him, ‘I will go along with you,’ tell him, ‘I am not yet ready,’ ask him to come inside.' " \xv 25. munełknetus kʔuwe tsxałpiyit \xe 'I was doing nothing to him but he attacked me.' \xv 26. no ka kʰin hesuʔutʔam ; hesitsʔohoy ʔan nokakʰin \xe 'this river is mine ; this other one is mine, too.' \xv 27. maʔałʔalalakquʔum \xe 'he is unthankful' (he isn’t thankful anymore if you do him a favor). \sd prefixes \sd mood \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx -mu \a -mù \ps suf \ge NZ.LOC \de locative nominalizer \ee This suffix often generates a place out of a verb, meaning the place where said verb is done. Harrington points out that this suffix is often in combination with the ‘past participle’ as in ͽ-əšmu, ͽšəpəšmu. Glossed NZ.LOC. \et *-mu \ec Compare BOI –mu ‘LOCATIVE.NZ,’ CRZ –mu ‘LOCATIVE.NZ,’ INZ –muʼ ‘LOCATIVE.NZ,’ OBI –mu ‘LOCATIVE.NZ,’ OBI –smuʼ ‘INSTRUMENTAL’ (Klar 1977: 70) \xv 1. pyikus hałhuspełwe lokaʔalaxtskumu \xe 'thou shalt give a sleeping place to the wanderer.' \sd suffixes \lg JPH; TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx muhu \ps n \ge great horned owl \ge owl, great horned \de great horned owl \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI muhu ‘great horned owl,’ CRZ muhun ‘owl,’ INZ muhu ‘horned owl,’ PUY muhu 'owl' (Whistler 1980: 53; Beeler and Klar 1977: 110; SYBCI 2007: 229; Harrington: 1986: 3.6.537) \sy tsəyətəy \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.527.2-533.2; 89.80 \dt 14/Apr/2019 \lx muhun̓ \ps n \ge mackerel (species) \de mackerel (species) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI muhun̓ ‘unidentified fish species,’ INZ muhun̓ ‘fish species’ (Whistler 1980: 61; SYBCI 2007: 229). \cf alałpu \ce mackerel (species) \cf ləšəł \ce mackerel (species) \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.31.2, 529.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx muhuŋa \ps name \ge Muhunga \de Muhunga; village near present-day Sylmar, CA. \sd places \lg TJPH; KO \rf Glutton2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx muk \ps n \ge aunt (father's sister) \ge aunt (mother’s brother’s wife) \de aunt (father's sister); aunt (mother’s brother’s wife) \ee This is also the term used for mother’s, brother’s wife. The spouse of this person is tata. \cf hawa \ce aunt (mother's sister) \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.237.2, 274.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mula \ps n \ge mule \de mule \gn mula \dn mula \mr [] \xv 1. yəlaʔa hesitaktaktəʔəš ʔan tšiqałkənəʔət xesu kristo kisiyenhespi, kilakəkš lokamula kałmuštiyət, tšipipšoš kismaqutinaʔał \xe 'all the animals got in a circle around Jesus Christ and they breathed upon him, but the mule alone did not draw near, he was puffing or snorting and he went away.' \xv 2. wašwašətš simula ʔisamsuteqpeywu sikarru tšitaxtaxšətš ʔan ʔiʔałʔałxuxani lapayikʔulahuki ʔan tšiyoxonišpi tšiyoxonišpi hesuʔutʔam \xe 'mules are good when hitched to wagons but they are afraid of everything, are afraid of the water.' \xv 3. latšə ʔišiyuliʔiš, šaʔaliyaš, musʔił ʔiʔaloxonišpi, mitʔi ʔiʔaliyaš ʔan latšə ʔisiyutiyəkli \xe 'mules always take the road, they fear nothing, and even if the trail is only a narrow trail they always stick to it.' \sd animals \sd Spanish \sd animals \sd mammals \sd husbandry \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.86.3, 87.3; 91.114.1; 92.744.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx muleł \ps v \ge grind \de to grind \mr [] \xv 1. hukmuleł \xe 'I am going to grind' (in a metate). \sd verbs \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.757.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mulus \ps n \ge California juniper \ge juniper, California \de California juniper \gn guata \dn guata \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI mulus ‘California juniper’, PUY mulus ‘California juniper’ (Whistler 1980: 74; Harrington 1986: 3.6.27.2) \ee This referred to both the fruit and tree. A bread made from meal of the juniper berries was eaten (Timbrook 2007: 108 110). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.68.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mun \ps v \ge carry \ge charge (a fine) \de to carry; to charge (a fine) \ee Cannot be said of carrying one thing. Can be said of carrying several things in one load or in multiple loads. \cf munaš \ce fine; charge \cf nunaʔał \ce to carry; to take \xv 1. tšišmun \xe 'they are carrying things' (in hands or wagons, any kind of carrying). \xv 2. no ʔan hukmun sikaxon \xe 'I am going to carry the boxes.' \xv 3. ʔipštewe lupmunit ? \xe 'how much are you going to charge me?' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \sd economics \sd body \lg JPH \rf 92.758.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx munaš \ps n \ge fine \ge charge \de fine; charge \mr [] \cf mun \ce to carry; to charge (a fine) \xv 1. husispuwe ʔišmunaš \xe 'he is going to pay the fine.' \sd economics \sd common \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 92.758.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx munax \ps n \ge plant species \de plant species \ee A bitter plant the decoction of which was used for breaking fevers. \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 81.57.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx mup \a múp \ps n \ge cave \de cave \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI mup ‘cave,’ INZ mup ‘cave’ (Whistler 1980: 18; SYBCI 2007: 230) \xv 1. ʔiswayi hesixus ʔan mup ʔisʔap \xe 'in winter the bear lives in a cave.' \xv 2. mup ʔiyʔałmaxuyułkuw \xe 'a dark cave.' \sd places \sd geography \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 92.696.2; 759.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mupu \ps name \ge Mupu \ge Santa Paula, present-day \de Mupu; present-day Santa Paula \sd places \lg JPH \rf 69.589.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx musika \ps n \ge musical instrument \de musical instrument \mr [] \xv 1. huksiwon hesimusika \xe 'I am going to make this musical instrument sound.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.760.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx muš \ps n \ge caterpillar species \de caterpillar species \ee Described as hairy and black in color. \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 70.36.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx -muš- \ps vroot \ge observe \de observe \cf axmuš \ce to praise \cf qilałmuš \ce to look at oneself in a reflection \cf qilałmušaʔaš \ce mirror \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx mut \hm 1 \ps n \ge inside of belly \ge belly, inside of \de inside of belly \ee May be said of a person or animal. \xv 1. (he)sikmut \xe 'the inside of my belly.' \xv 2. tsʰayayanit (hesikmut) \xe 'I am bloated with wind (in my belly)' (eating too much causes this). \xv 3. sikqəp \xe 'the surface of my belly.' \xv 4. tsmutʰ \xe 'its belly' (of person or animal). \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.112.2; 90.105.3; 92.761.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx mut \hm 2 \ps n \ge black waterfowl species \ge waterfowl species, black \de black waterfowl species \ee Described as a bird that goes along the shore. “It is pure black and it cannot fly. About 1.5 ft long.” No currently known bird native to coastal California fits this description. Flightless birds were not indigenous to Chumash territory. \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.525.2-527.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx muwu \a muwù \ps n \ge ocean/beach \ge sea/beach \ge beach/sea \ge beach/ocean \de ocean/beach; sea/beach \xv 1. simuwu \xe 'the sea.' \xv 2. tsyułtuł simuwu \xe 'the sea is brave.' \xv 3. hukaqmił simuwu \xe 'I am going to drink sea water.' \xv 4. kałpinli heʔsimuwu \xe 'I go along the seabeach.' \xv 5. muhesimuwu kasʔap \xe 'it does not live on the beach.' \xv 6. kiwałtapi hesimuwu \xe 'I fell back into the sea.' \xv 7. hukapiʔiš losimuwu \xe 'I am going to gather driftwood on the beach.' \xv 8. neł hupkuʔum? ; losimuwu \xe 'where did you gather firewood?' ; 'on the beach.' \xv 9. simuwu ʔan šʰašlałhəw loʔišə \xe 'the sea makes the bank fall down.' \xv 10. hesimuwu šaʔalaxsəw siqasqas \xe 'in the dry sand of the beach.' \xv 11. tswatʔilikʔe heʔispanayəʔəw simuwu \xe 'they rest for a while on the beach.' \xv 12. kʰqisə sitomoł loʔišliyək simuwu \xe 'I see a boat in the middle of the channel.' \xv 13. tsʰukitwo heʔsimuwu ʔišaqšanutš \xe 'the sea throws the shell ashore dead.' \xv 14. tsʰukitwonwu heʔsimuwu ʔišaqšanuʔutš \xe 'the sea throws them out dead.' \xv 15. hešitaštaʔaš ʔan heʔispanayəʔəw simuwu kasʔił \xe 'this herb grows on the sea-coast.' \xv 16. muhusalaqwaʔay hałtšnałpiʔi hesimuwu \xe 'it will not well ride the sea.' \sd ocean \sd nature \sd elements \sd water \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.17; 92.761.2-763.2; Daughter109 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -muy- \rd –muyuy- \ps vroot \ge motion in a circle \de motion in a circle \mr [] \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhu \ce to cuddle oneself up in blankets \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhunaʔaš \ce blankets wrapped about oneself \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhutš \ce to be cuddled up with blankets around oneself \cf ulumuy \ce to stick a stick into fire (for the purpose of straightening) \cf ušmuy \ce to beat (food in dish); to churn \sd vroots \sd roots \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx mweye \ps n \ge wharf \de wharf \mr [] \xv 1. loʔištək simweye \xe 'the end of the wharf.' \sd places \sd ocean \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.764 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -n \a -l \a -ł \va (-l, -ł) \ps suf \ge VZ.II \de verbalizing suffix \ee This suffix is glossed as VZ.II indicating its place second to the that of the first verbalizing suffix ͽ-V. Cross references are given as examples of this suffix. \et *-VnV \ec Compare BOI –en ‘VERBALIZER,’ OBI –ini ‘VERBALIZER’ (Klar 1977: 67) \cf ʔałʔatəšwənitš \ce one who uses herbs to heal/do good \cf ʔaliwən \ce to be a brother or sister (?relative) to smn \cf ʔilikʔeneʔeš \ce buttocks \cf aluʔułyiʔin \ce to lie long; to stand long \cf imałtəł \ce to become ensnared \cf kamišanitš \ce to put on a shirt; to wear a shirt \cf kuniwaš \ce worthless person \cf małʔałnuxiliwəłtš \ce unabashed person \cf nuxiliwəłtš \ce to be ashamed; to feel ashamed \cf šətələš \ce election \sd vsuffixes \sd nsuffixes \sd suffixes \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx na- \hm 1 \ps vpre \ge PRF \ge perfect prefix \de perfect prefix \ee This is a form of ͽneʔe- that co occurs with the negative prefix ͽ-mu (Mamet 2008: 85). Glossed as PRF. \xv 1. tsʔipus lokašʰatiwə, “mupʔałxuxa, kanawa huskumi ʔan pʔipus, ‘hukiwišił,’ ipus ‘munakalaqwaʔay,’ kihustapi” \xe 'his wife said to him, "don’t be a coward, when he arrives tell him, ‘I will go along with you,’ tell him, ‘I am not yet ready,’ ask him to come inside.' " \xv 2. munakalaqwaʔay, alitkəyit ! \xe 'I am not ready yet, wait for me !' \xv 3. loʔismaʔam santa malya munašulišwaš hałʔatʔaxatš, tseqweł lokaʔenhešeš \xe 'in the Virgin Mary, still virgen, conceived by the Holy Spirit.' \xv 4. munatsʰuheł \xe 'she has not given birth to the child yet.' \xv 5. ?naʔišmayə \xe 'west wind.' \xv 6. lokałmunakišukepeš \xe 'we who are not yet baptized.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd aspect \lg TJPH; IM \rf Devil11 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx na- \hm 2 \cf nu- \ce comitative prefix \sd variations \dt 23/Jul/2018 \lx -na- \ps vroot \ge movement \de movement \ee Common root found in ͽnaʔał and all derivations thereof. \mr ?[] \cf asʰuna \ce to command smn \cf ?ašʰunatš \ce to command (as when part of one’s job) \cf laktina \ce to grow towards \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf naktina \ce to bring \cf naktinaʔay \ce to bring from \cf sunaʔałwa \ce to do again \cf sununa \ce to begin; to start \cf sununanmu \ce start; beginning \sd vroots \sd roots \sd motion \lg TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx naʔakawayu \ps v \ge do on horseback \ge horseback, do on \de to do on horseback \mr [] \cf ʔakawayu \ce to go on horseback \cf kawayu \ce horse \xv 1. latsiʔił siʔiʔałšaqškʔunapaš ʔan tsinaʔakawayu \xe 'some people who surf-fish on horseback.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.115.1; 92.766.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx naʔał \a naʔàł \a naʔàł \a nał \va (nał-) \rd nałnaʔał \ps v \ge go \ge by going about in a place all the time \ge go (away) \de to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \ee Indicates movement away from. \mr [] \cf ʔalaputinałnaʔał \ce animal that moves in the ocean \cf ʔałmaxnałtšəši \ce reptile (snake) \cf alaxinaʔał \ce dancer \cf alinaʔał \ce to go out at night \cf alinałnaʔał \ce to go wandering about at night \cf alisuyułnałnaʔał \ce to frown at many at night \cf ałnaʔał \ce ?to go to \cf ałwalinaʔał \ce to go before \cf aputimaxnaʔał \ce to go (?slowly) with the current \cf aputinaʔał \ce to have current; ?to go with the current \cf ašnaʔał \ce to incapacitate; to disable \cf axinaʔał \ce to dance \cf axinaləš \ce dance \cf axšinałnaʔał \ce to wander \cf axʔutinaʔał \ce to walk feebly \cf iwanaʔał \ce to go fast \cf kupilinaʔał \ce to go/run in a current (as is said of water) \cf lunaʔał \ce to grow (as is said of smth animate) \cf maqutinaʔał \ce to run \cf matinaʔał \ce to crawl (said of a child) \cf maxnaʔał \ce to drag (oneself) along (as is said of the movement of a snake or worm); to be stretched out \cf maxsunaʔał \ce to drag \cf naʔali \ce to go home; to go in a certain direction \cf naləʔəš \ce direction \cf nałmu \ce way \cf nałnaʔał \ce to go about \cf nałnalutš \ce to be going about \cf nałpiʔi \ce to go in \cf nalutš \ce place where smth/smn has gone; track; trail \cf naxutinaʔał \ce to do/go rowdily \cf nunaʔał \ce to carry; to take \cf nunali \ce to carry home \cf nuwalanałnaʔał \ce to carry around \cf nuwałnaʔał \ce to leave angry/discontented \cf pilinaʔał \ce to go running/trickling out of (said of liquids) \cf saqutinaʔał \ce to relate; to report \cf saxinaʔał \ce to make dance \cf sunaʔał \ce to make go; to cause to go; to set loose \cf sunaʔali \ce to send home \cf sunaʔałwa \ce to do again \cf suquntinaʔał \ce to lengthen smth; to throw far \cf suxułtinaʔał \ce to let go of a line (?fishline) \cf suyamaqutinaʔał \ce to want to run \cf suyanaʔał \ce to want to go; to be in favor of \cf suyanali \ce to want to go home \cf suyułnałnaʔał \ce to frown at many \cf šaqšinaʔli \ce to protect \cf šatinaʔał \ce to go seed gathering; to harvest seeds \cf šatinaləš \ce wild seed harvest \cf tinaʔał \ce to be stubborn; to be stalwart \cf tinałnaʔał \ce to walk; to go walking \cf ušnaʔał \ce to reach out for and grab \cf uštałnaʔał \ce to assist smn; to take care of smn \cf uwaštinaʔał \ce to carry along \cf walanałnaʔał \ce to stumble about (as if /when drunk) \cf wanaʔał \ce to be custom; to be typical \cf wašnaʔał \ce to brandish one’s arms (in order to grasp with the arm; in order to move) \cf wašnałnaləʔəš \ce pointing \cf wayinaʔał \ce to walk; to trod \xv 1. tsnaʔał \xe 'it runs' ; 'it goes.' \xv 2. ya kišnaʔał \xe 'now, let's go.' \xv 3. tšə́pnáʔàł ! \xe 'get out of here!' \xv 4. hušnaʔał \xe 'he is going to go.' \xv 5. neʔešnaʔał \xe 'he already went.' \xv 6. kakiłʔišnaʔał \xe 'there they two go.' \xv 7. tsinałnaʔał hesimuwu \xe '[the pigs] run on the beach.' \xv 8. nee šnaʔał saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon has already gone.' \xv 9. latšə simišup kašnałnaʔał \xe 'he stays in the bottom of the ocean all the time.' \xv 10. kikasinaʔał mišup \xe '[the flying fish] went below the surface.' \xv 11. hušnaʔał ʔalałpay ʔisenhes \xe 'his spirit will go to heaven.' \xv 12. lakʰan supnaʔał losisalinałnałpi səʔəqəy ʔan tšišołxoyoyo \xe 'if you go where the quail are, they fly up suddenly in a flock.' \xv 13. hesiməy (Ϟor lokaməy) šałmušiyaq ʔan tsinaʔał kałʔiyaqutišəʔəʔətš ʔisihin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolves who did not perish went to other lands; they are smarter than the coyotes.' \xv 14. huknaʔał losalotoyinpi lokakʰqóqo \xe 'I am going to the grave of my father' (where my father lies). \xv 15. kaknaʔał Aksnard \xe 'I went to Oxnard.' \xv 16. kinaʔał hukiyapaqtaha \xe 'let us go over there to get in the shadow.' \xv 17. no ʔan kuštəł sipštə hesilamesa kašnałnaʔał \xe 'I have found a louse crawling on the table.' \xv 18. hukʰnaʔał Mitsqanaqan \xe 'I am going to Ventura.' \xv 19. tšnałnalutš \xe 'he was going there.' \xv 20. huknaʔał loʔisqiłmes \xe 'I am going to the islands.' \xv 21. mupšuwaqmaš kakisałnaʔał ! \xe 'do not scorn him who goeth yonder!' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.924.2; 89.121.1-126.4; 90.115.2-125.4; Coyo31; Daughter65 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx naʔali \a nali \a naʔli \va (naʔli, nali) \ps v \ge go home \ge go in a certain direction \de to go home; to go in a certain direction \ee Another reasonable parsing may be ͽnaʔal li, but then the corresponding form could reasonably be expected to be ͽnałli. It is also possible that the forms ͽnaʔal i and ͽnaʔal li have collapsed. \mr [] OR [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf nunali \ce to carry home \cf sunaʔali \ce to send home \cf suyanali \ce to want to go home \cf šaqšinaʔli \ce to protect \xv 1. kayuknali \xe 'I am going home.' \xv 2. ʔiyalištaxan ! hukinali \xe 'have spirit! we are going [home].' \xv 3. kasʰuyanaʔli \xe 'she wanted to go home.' \xv 4. hušnali loʔišʔapʰánəšmu \xe 'he is going to his village.' \xv 5. laʔušʰo kuhušnali maʔam ! \xe 'let him go home!' \xv 6. knunalinwu maʔam lokakušqoyi \xe 'I took my clams home and into the house.' \xv 7. tsʔipus, “kʰokó!” ʔalištaxan̓ ! kihukʰsunapaiyił kihupʰnaʔali maʔam, kihupʰnaʔali maʔam \xe 'he said, “my father! have spirit! I will take you from here, you are going to the house”.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd locations \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.121.2, 132.3-133.2; Daughter43; Coyo47-49 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx naʔi- \cf nayi- \ce perfect verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 29/Dec/2012 \lx naʔli \cf naʔali \ce to go home; to go in a certain direction \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nahet \cf nehet \ce to be as; to be so \sd variations \dt 16/Jul/2011 \lx naktina \a nakʰtina \ph nɑkʰtinɑ \ps v \ge bring \de to bring \ee This was not a word the consultant used, but the word was well formed. \mr [] \sy nikʰət \cf naktinaʔay \ce to bring from \xv 1. tsinaktina \xe 'they brought it.' \xv 2. huknakʰtina \xe 'I am going to bring/take it.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.127.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx naktinaʔay \ps v \ge bring from \de to bring from \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf naktina \ce to bring \xv 1. nełpnaktinaʔay ? \xe 'where did you bring it from?' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.127.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx naləʔəš \ps n \ge direction \de direction \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. kasʔip, "ʔiyiwałtə̀ (Ϟor ʔisukitwo) ʔiyikuw ! hałtšnaləʔəš, musamsuhuki ʔitì" \xe 'and Eagle said, "get him out of here and give him the direction like he deserves! they don’t want him here" ' (more literally, ‘they don’t appreciate him here’). \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.1103.1/Roadrunner246-248 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx nali \cf naʔali \ce to go home; to go in a certain direction \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nałmu \ps n \ge way \de way \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. lokašnałmu kuʔutʔam \xe 'where the river runs.' \xv 2. hesikuhkuʔu ʔan latšə ʔisinaʔał losuʔutʔam latšə šiʔišaʔaw, ʔan pakeʔet ʔisʰinałmu, kinelašeqweltšeši šaʔaliyaš \xe 'people kept going to the river on the same way and at last a trail arose.' \sd common \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.133.3-4; 92.779.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nałnaʔał \ps v \ge go about \de to go about \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. kikalalokasalinowo, kimuštiyətiʔiy lokałʔinałnałpi kaʔəqəy \xe 'he remained standing there and he did not move any closer to where the hens went.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.134.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nałnalutš \ps v \ge going about, be \de to be going about \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf nalutš \ce place where smth/smn has gone; track; trail \xv 1. tšnałnalutš \xe 'he is going there.' \xv 2. lokakawayu ʔan loʔišup kašnałnaʔał \xe 'the horse goes about on that hill.' \xv 3. losimuwu ʔan kaknałnalutš \xe 'I was on the beach.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.134.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nałpiʔi \ps v \ge go in \de to go in \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. lokałnałpiʔi koʔo \xe 'the bed or channel or place where the water runs.' \xv 2. muhusalaqwaʔay hałtšnałpiʔi hesimuwu \xe 'it will not well ride the sea.' \xv 3. lakʰan tsałnałpiʔi ʔan tstikusuwaya hemišup \xe 'where he goes he raises the ground a little.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.135.1-3 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx nałpu \ps v \ge carry smth around inside of \de to carry smth around inside of \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv nałpunli \pde to carry smth around inside of.DIR \pdl v \pdv nałpunti’iy \pde to carry smth around inside of.CIS \cf ałpu \ce to go around inside of \cf ałpunli \ce to skirt around the corner of \xv 1. no ʔan knałpunli \xe 'I carry a thing all around the corner and side of the room.' \xv 2. tšnałpunti’iy̥ \xe 'he does carries a thing all around the corner and side of the room to where I am.' \sd verbs \sd directions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.19.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx nalutš \ps n \ge track \ge trail \ge place where smth/smn has gone \de place where smth/smn has gone; track; trail \ee It is unclear why this word is not a verb. Another analysis of the morphology may be possible. \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf nałnalutš \ce to be going about \xv 1. lokašnalutš kaskonin \xe 'the track or trail that the work left when the worm went.' \xv 2. tštšʔeqtšʔeq hemišup ʔišnalutš \xe 'the ground is cracked where he went.' \sd geography \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.135.4-136.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx napaiy \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \sd variations \dt 02/Nov/2012 \lx napali \cf napayli \ce to go to the top \sd variations \dt 15/Jul/2011 \lx napay \a napày \a napày \a napaiy \va (napaiy) \ps v \ge rise \ge land \de to rise; to land \et *nVpa \ec Compare BOI napay ‘to ascend,’ INZ napay ‘to rise; to go up or ascend smth; to get up,’ OBI tunepa ⁓ tinapa ‘to ascend’ (Klar 1977: 66; SYBCI 2007: 235) \mr [] \cf aqškʔunapaš \ce to shore fish \cf ?aqtinapali \ce to understand (in the sense of knowing about something/anything) \cf axnapay \ce to expel from the mouth; to vomit out \cf iwałnapay \ce to spring out of the water onto the ground \cf kʔilinapay \ce to rise up quickly \cf maxsunapay \ce to drag up out of; to pull up out of \cf napayli \ce to go to the top \cf siwałnapay \ce to seize something in the water and throw it on the ground \cf sunapay \ce to raise; to make rise; to save \cf sutinapay \ce to change the upright position of smth \cf šałnapay \ce to spray up (said of water from breaking waves) \cf šaqškʔunapaʔaš \ce to fish on the shore; to surf-fish \cf šaqškʔunapaš \ce to surf-fish (regularly) \cf šaqškʔunapay \ce to be fished \cf šaqškʔunapayəʔəš \ce fishing tackle \cf šunapayəʔəš \ce stove lid lifter \cf tinapay \ce to move back/away from smwh \cf ušnapay \ce to take out from inside of \cf wisunapay \ce to be washed ashore \xv 1. neʔešnapay siyʔišaw \xe 'the sun has already risen.' \xv 2. kayusinapay \xe 'the men in the boat are about to land' (said of a boat about to land). \xv 3. neʔešnapay \xe 'it goes up' (said of the sun). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \sd meteorology \sd boating \sd water \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.65.3; 91.15.4 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx napayli \a napali \va (napali) \ps v \ge go to the top \de to go to the top \mr [] \cf ?aqtinapali \ce to understand (in the sense of knowing about something/anything) \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \xv 1. napayli ! \xe 'climb to the top!' \xv 2. tšnapayli loʔištək \xe 'he climbs to the tip.' \xv 3. aputi hesipon̓ napayli loʔištək ! \xe 'go up this tree; reach the tip!' \xv 4. tšnapali heʔalałpay \xe 'he went up to the top.' \xv 5. tšnapali \xe 'he ascends to there.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.138.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx napəti \ps v \ge carry up \de to carry up \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \cf nuyam \ce to carry down; to bring down \xv 1. knapəti \xe 'I carry something up hill or up ladder.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.139.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx napiyet \cf napiyət \ce to be intense; to be strong \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx napiyət \a napiyet \va (napiyet) \ps v \ge intense, be \ge strong, be \de to be intense; to be strong \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv napiyətus \pde to be intense.APL; to be strong.APL \cf apiyət \ce to perform (sing) incantations at night \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. tsnapiyetus \xe '[the fog] is very thick.' \xv 2. tsnapiyetus ʔišuškum \xe 'it is very foggy.' \xv 3. tšnapiyet tšišaw ʔiti maʔam \xe 'it is hot in here.' \xv 4. tsnapiyetuʔuʔus ʔišišaw \xe 'the heat is very strong.' \xv 5. tšʰuyaqša ʔan tšnapiyətus \xe 'she was very sick.' \xv 6. tsʰuyaqmił ʔan tšnapiyətus \xe 'her thirst was great.' \xv 7. kʰan sukaluškʔəy ʔan kaywaliʔiʔi tšnapiyətus \xe 'if I move, the cramp is worse.' \xv 8. tsnapnapiyətus ʔišałhaš \xe 'he talks loud.' \xv 9. pʰnapiyətus sipnipʔow kaypi kiskʔot \xe 'you bent it too much and that is why it broke.' \xv 10. ʔiyustap ʔinapiyətus ! \xe 'row ye hard!' \xv 11. kʰan išnapiyətuʔuʔus ʔan kʰkuta kiknowo, kikaseqenit \xe 'when I get a bad cramp I get out of bed and stand up and it leaves me.' \xv 12. muštšum tstsʔiyam, tstsʔiyam tšnapiyətus, ʔan tšnapiyətus \xe 'they went very far down, it is very steep.' \xv 13. kaskuʔum lokanayusnapiyətus ʔispuy kisamsutapi \xe 'the time arrived when there was going to be a heavy dew, and they took it indoors.' \xv 14. kaha tsititapwu sikulilaw, tšnapiyətus ʔisiyoxonišpi kikasipiłpiłnowo, tsikitwo hesoʔo kinupan tsiyapałpałhay \xe 'and it chases or follows porpoises and they are very afraid and jump out of the water.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd meteorology \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.139.2-143.1; 92.782.2-784.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx naq \ps n \ge kangaroo rat species \de kangaroo rat species \et ɕ \ec Compare CRZ naq ‘rat species (with bushy end of tail),’ INZ naq ‘rat species,’ and PUY noqštu ‘rat species’ (SYBCI 2007: 565; Beeler & Klar 1977: 113; Harrington 1986: 3.71.881.1) \ee Described as being about 5 inches (12.7 cm) long with a humped body. Its tail is long with a bushy, white tip. It does not run, but, rather, jumps. The scientific name given refers to the California mouse (ϞPeromyscus Ϟcalifornicus), but the description best fits that of a kangaroo rat species. \xv 1. tsʔił ʔi sʰin speʔey loʔišteleq kiloʔišyəkʰ ʔan tsʔowòw lamitʔì kʰʔan muštowitš laspiłnowò \xe 'it does not run much, it jumps.' \xv 2. tsʔowow loʔispò \xe 'it has white cheeks.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.881.1, 891.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx naqilisisi \ps v \ge hinder \ge inconvenience \de to hinder; to inconvenience \mr [] \cf aqilisisi \ce to disturb; to bother \xv 1. tšnaqilisisi \xe 'it inconveniences' ; 'it hinders.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.127.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx naqiwəwə \ps v \ge carry while swimming \de to carry while swimming \mr [] \cf aqiwəwə \ce to swim \cf iwəwə \ce to quiver; to palpitate \xv 1. knaqiwəwə \xe 'I carry a stone swimming.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd water \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.130.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx naqša \ps v \ge injured by, be \ge cause to die \ge affected by (with regard to health), be \de to be injured by; to be affected by (with regard to health); to cause to die \ee Note the frequent use of this as a noun. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ‘naqšán,’ ‘to be sick from,’ INZ naqšan ‘to be harmful to; to be dizzy (from drug or tobacco)’ (Whistler 1980: 19; SYBCI 2007: 236) \mr [] OR [] \cf aqša \ce to die \xv 1. kałnaqša \xe 'he died' ; 'it injured him.' \xv 2. kihuki ʔałnaqša ? \xe 'of what did he die?' \xv 3. papas sikałnaqša \xe 'it is potatoes that hurt him.' \xv 4. knaqša ʔišow \xe 'I am dizzy with tobacco.' \xv 5. tšamnaqša loʔisʔaxsił kaxšap \xe 'they die of rattlesnake bite.' \xv 6. tštotsʔi sikawayu kikałnaqša \xe 'he died of a horse-kick.' \xv 7. mukipošʰotš hukilałnaqša \xe 'we don't know of what he died.' \xv 8. soxwoʔo ʔan lamusʔił hałʔałnawša \xe 'he burst out crying without cause.' \xv 9. loʔištəpə kasʔił salamnaqša \xe 'at the roots of its teeth it has its poison.' \xv 10. huki ʔałnaqša kištayapahaʔa ? \xe 'what was it that damaged (made him stiff) him?' \xv 11. lokašʔaxšilaʔàš ʔan xaxxaʔàx loʔištəpəq kasʔił loʔkałʔamnaqʰšà \xe 'its fangs are big, and it is its roots [where the poison is] by which one dies.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.128.2-130.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx naqtikat \cf naqutikat \ce to be inconvenienced by; to be disturbed by; to be bothered by \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx naqtʔəkə \ps v \ge constipated, be \de to be constipated \xv 1. knaqtʔəkə \xe 'I am constipated.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd health \lg JPH \rf 90.130.4; 92.775.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx naqutikat \a naqtikat \va (naqtikat) \ps v \ge inconvenienced, be \ge disturbed by, be \ge bothered by, be \de to be inconvenienced by; to be disturbed by; to be bothered by \mr [] \ee This is a non stative verb, and it likely indicates an inconvenience or disturbance the duration of which is short lived. \cf aqtikat \ce to be/have an obstruction; to be/have an inconvenience; to be/have an impedance; to be a bother \xv 1. no ʔan knaqutikat hesiqunup \xe 'I go along the road and this child keeps disturbing me all the time.' \xv 2. musʔił kałnaqutikat (Ϟor musʔił kaqtikat) \xe 'I have no bother' (I have no family ties or disturbances in my work; I can travel freely). \xv 3. tsʔił ʔisaqtikat \xe 'there is a hindrance' ; 'there is an inconvenience.' \xv 4. no ʔan kaqtikat \xe 'I have some inconvenience.' \xv 5. no ʔan naqtikat hesiqunup \xe 'I am bothered or impeded by having this child here all the time.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 90.130.4-131.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx naqʰay \a naqay \va (naqay) \ps v \ge do in a place \de to do in a place \mr [] \cf aqʰay \ce to dwell smwh; to live smwh \cf naqʰaymu \ce (permanent) place where smth is done \xv 1. hukišnaqʰay \xe 'we are going to do it here in this place.' \xv 2. tsinaʔał loʔisqiłmas kikasinaqʰay ʔisitum \xe 'they go to the islands and there they lay eggs.' \xv 3. kinelasʔił šušnaqʰay ʔan tštayawəł \xe 'when at last they get it into a good palce to shoot, they shoot it quickly.' \xv 4. knaqay ? \xe 'where shall I do it?' (asked when I give a command and ask where I shall carry it out). \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.131.2-132.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx naqʰaymu \ps n \ge place (permanent) where smth is done \de (permanent) place where smth is done \mr [] \cf aqʰay \ce to dwell smwh; to live smwh \cf naqʰay \ce to do in a place \xv 1. lokašnaqʰaymu ʔiseqweł sikaxon \xe 'place where he made the box' (said of permanent work place). \xv 2. kay ʔiti kapnaqʰaymu \xe 'here is where you make it.' \sd animals \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.132.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx naranxa \ps n \ge orange (fruit) \de orange (fruit) \mr [] \xv 1. ksuwaqmayus lokanaranxa \xe 'I refused or did not want the orange' (you offered). \sd food \sd agriculture \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 90.586.3 \dt 16/Jul/2019 \lx -naš \cf -nəʔəš \ce reciprocal verbal suffix \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx naštəʔəʔə \a naštəʔəʔə̀ \a naštəʔəʔə̀ \a naštəəʔə \a naštəəə \a našəəə̀ \ps vimp \ge while/during \ge during/while \ge at that/this time \de while; during; at that/this time \xv 1. šitšotšonəʔəy naštəəə \xe 'while she was still fishing...' \xv 2. tšiyaqʰtatšum, naštəʔəʔə tsiyət, kitsiyiwałtapi ʔišə \xe 'they went far, while they were coming, they fell into a ravine.' \xv 3. musʔił ʔaltsukitʰwonwu, naštəəʔə kišwelexš ʔisiyiʔwə \xe 'there was no one to take them out, at that time a countryman passed through.' \xv 4. naštəʔəʔə tsyət šəpəšiwaš hemaliyaš kisusamha qštopo \xe 'while Coyote was walking about on the roads, he noticed Stinkbeetle.' \xv 5. kinelašapuliʔiš lokaštałhəw heʔiškomlaʔa ʔišʔəł, kiswəpʰpi sixəp. naštəʔəʔə tšʔanutš lokaxəp, naštəʔəʔəš tsamqisə \xe 'but when she had not gone any great distance, she suddenly seized the child by its legs and swung it against a rock. the rock is still blood-stained, it can still be seen.' \sd verbs \sd vimpersonals \sd particles \lg TJPH \rf Coyo10-11, 17-18; Daughter5; Glutton113-116; Stinkbeetle 1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx naštəəʔə \cf naštəʔəʔə \ce while; during; at that/this time \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx naštəəə \cf naštəʔəʔə \ce while; during; at that/this time \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nawa \rd nawaʔa \a naw̓a \a nawà \va (naw̓a) \ps prcl \ge TEMP \de temporal particle \ee This root is used in pronouns denoting an amount of time (but not interrogative temporal pronouns). Glossed as TEMP. \cf ʔašnəm \ce when \cf nawaʔaʔay̓ \ce before; in the past \cf nawaʔay \ce to be a while ago \cf tinawayutš \ce to tell about ancient things \xv 1. sinawa saqsəw lokaspuyhu \xe 'when the dew is dry.' \xv 2. sinawa sqəwə \xe 'when the tide is low.' \xv 3. sinawa kʰkumli lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan stakuy ʔisʔəw \xe 'when I arrived the man had his knife in his hand' (but had not stabbed the woman yet). \xv 4. sinawa kʰkumli ʔan neʔeštaktə́nwaš lokašʰatiwə \xe 'when I arrived he had already killed his wife.' \xv 5. tšiyʔuwš sinawa siyułtʔuł \xe 'they sting people when they are angry.' \xv 6. kihuktukał sinawaskuʔum malawa \xe 'I am going to ring the bell at eight o'clock.' \xv 7. ʔałtsiyalinałnaʔał ʔisułkuw, kisinawa ʔišnaxyət ʔan tsuniyəw ʔiswał sipon̓ kikaswe \xe 'the bats fly in the night and in the morning hunt a hole in a tree and sleep.' \xv 8. lamunamitʔi kikasqisqisə lokasʔaliwə latšə šiʔišʔšaw̓ ʔan tšušyoxotš lokaskepmu sinawa skepleł \xe 'soon her brother kept noticing every day when he went to bathe that the water of his bathing pool was riled.' \xv 9. kanawa štšhoho ʔisasəwus loʔkaʔałwə \xe 'when he finished speaking to the one sleeping.' \xv 10. kanawa musʔił hałʔaoxonišpi \xe 'when there is nothing to be afraid of.' \xv 11. lokanawasiyət ʔišukšukepeʔeš \xe 'when the Christians arrived.' \xv 12. kanawa smasəx ʔisʰin tšup \xe 'when it is three years old.' \xv 13. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə siqʰaq kikəpə ʔan neʔesiyakuhu sikukuʔu kineʔemusʔił \xe 'there used to be antelopes here but there are too many people and therefore there are none now.' \xv 14. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan əhə [sic.] saʔalaxəwəł hemitsqanaqan yəlaʔa heʔišup, kasiməy ʔan ʔəhənwaš, latšʔilitš kisiyamtiʔiy šaʔapʰanəšmu, kałʔəhəʔəʔə šałʔisuwuswu šaʔatəšwənəš kilokalamwəwu ʔan katanimitʔi \xe 'in early times there were lots of coyotes at Ventura in the hills and there were lots of wolves, sometimes they came down to the town, the people poisoned more than shot.' \xv 15. kaskumi maʔam kanawa tsʰmayə \xe 'he/she arrived at the plain in the evening.' \xv 16. kanawa štšoho ʔisʔuwlilo ʔan tsyət ʔisʰuyaqmił \xe 'when she finished eating she got a terrible thirst.' \xv 17. kuqmantštəkš kikanawa ktšoho ʔan knukitwo hekoʔo kikwatšʔəw \xe 'I washed my face (and hands) and when I finished I carried the water out doors and threw it out.' \xv 18. kanawa siyʔaləhəy \xe 'when they grow up.' \xv 19. kanawa siyʔaləhəy ʔan kasiyapiqe \xe 'when the birds are adults they start to fly.' \xv 20. tsʔipus lokašʰatiwə, “mupʔałxuxa, kanawa huskumi ʔan pʔipus, ‘hukiwišił,’ ipus ‘munakalaqwaʔay,’ kihustapi” \xe 'his wife said to him, "don’t be a coward, when he arrives tell him, ‘I will go along with you,’ tell him, ‘I am not yet ready,’ ask him to come inside.' " \xv 21. kanawa saputinikʔoyi lokaʔikmen̓ \xe 'when the wave draws out.' \xv 22. kanawa sexe lokalaqnitšum kikawa swalakumuʔus sitsʔohoy ʔispeʔey \xe 'when it sucks all the honey out of one it goes to another flower.' \xv 23. lakʰan hałtšawša ʔan pitiyepit kihuknaʔał \xe 'in case he dies, tell me so that I can go.' \xv 24. hałnawa šaqša, ʔan pitiyepit \xe 'when he dies, tell me.' \xv 25. sinawasxoyoyo ʔan lasiwałnałnaʔał lanawaʔa tsutiteqpey \xe 'when it flies it flits around here and there and lands suddenly.' \xv 26. loʔkaqašə ʔan nawayiwaš kiwə nayištoploqʔi lokaštuʔwaš \xe 'the abalone is old for its shell is rotten.' \xv 27. kanawa skitwo lokaxʔanwa tšnuxiliwəłtš kəwə musʔił hałtsʔaxwi \xe 'when the woman had gotten out of the water she felt ashamed because she was naked.' \sd vparticles \sd particles \sd pronouns \sd chronometry \sd common \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.43.4, 52.3, 176.4, 177.2, 343.2, 665.3; 90.56.1, 147.4, 149.4, 247.1, 289.2, 404.4; 91.77.3, 93.2, 314.3, 315.1; 92.504.2, 662.2, 745.1; 92.789.1; Coyo72; Travels7 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx nawaʔa \ps vprcl \ge TEMP.REDUP \de temporal particle.REDUP \cf nawa \ce temporal particle \sd reduplications \dt 16/Jun/2018 \lx nawaʔaʔay̓ \rd nawnawaʔaʔay̓ \a nawaʔaʔày \a nawaʔaʔay \ps vimp \ge before \ge in the past \de before; in the past \gn antes \dn antes \cf nawa \ce temporal particle \cf nawaʔay \ce to be a while ago \xv 1. nawaʔaʔay ʔišaqšanwaš \xe 'he died long ago.' \xv 2. nawaʔaʔay ʔi ksuyaqmilutš \xe 'I have been wanting water for a long time.' \xv 3. nawnawayiwaʔaš sikukuʔu \xe 'the ancient people.' \xv 4. lositomtómòʔòł kanawnawayiwáʔàš kaku \xe 'the canoes of the ancients.' \xv 5. nawaʔaʔay̓ ʔimuqʰisə maría antonia, mulatšə knaʔał ventura \xe 'it has been a while that I have not seen Maria Antonia; I do not go to Ventura much.' \xv 6. lokanawnawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan tšipošʰotš ʔisikummu ʔišišaqakʰunapaš \xe 'the ancient people knew the fishing grounds well.' \xv 7. nawaʔaʔay ʔan tšʔiłwaš šeʔemetšeš, tšiyaxitš lokeʔemetšeš, neʔesʔəhə siku saliyaqša \xe 'in the past there was a large war, many died.' \xv 8. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə siqʰaq kikəpə ʔan neʔesiyakuhu sikukuʔu kaypi kineʔemusʔił \xe 'there used to be antelopes here but there are too many people and therefore there are none now.' \xv 9. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə saʔalaxəwəł hemitsqanaqan yəlaʔa heʔišup, kasiməy ʔan ʔəhənwaš, latšʔilitš kisiyamtiʔiy šaʔapʰanəšmu, kałʔəhəʔəʔə šałʔisuwuswu šaʔatəšwəšnəš kilokalaməłwu ʔan katanimitʔi \xe 'in early times there were lots of coyotes at Ventura in the hills and there were lots of wolves, sometimes they came down to the town, the people poisoned more than they shot.' \xv 10. pakeʔet ʔiswop, roberto káles kaskoko, roberto kales ʔan ʔamerikanu ʔipakəwaš, xosé ʔan tseqpeyus lokaskoko, muʔułyi, qnowowo, kʰantšnehet lokaskoko \xe 'there was one of his sons, [?of whom] Roberto Cales [was] the father. Roberto Cales [was] an old American man, Jose followed after his father, he was not tall, he was short, and therefore just as his father.' \sd vimpersonals \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.148.4-151.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nawaʔay \ps vimp \ge be a while ago \ge while ago, be a \de to be a while ago \cf nawa \ce temporal particle \cf nawaʔaʔay̓ \ce before; in the past \cf tinawayutš \ce to tell about ancient things \xv 1. nawaʔaʔay ʔi ku \xe 'a very old person.' \xv 1. nawnawayʔiwaʔaš ʔi ku \xe 'the first people.' \sd verbs \sd vimpersonals \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.148.2 \dt 21/Oct/2018 \lx nawakmayt \ps n \ge Coyote \de Coyote \ee This is the name for the mythical man, Coyote. \sd religion \sd mythology \sd people \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 69.978.1-2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx nawas \ps n \ge petticoats \ge dress \de petticoats; dress \mr [] \xv 1. tsmaxsunaʔał ʔisnawas \xe 'she was dragging her dresses and petticoats.' \xv 2. šutapətš losipnawas ! lapapətpət \xe 'pull up your petticoats! you are treading on them.' \sd clothes \sd common \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.151.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nawax \ps v \ge leave \de to leave \xv 1. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 90.151.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nawnawaʔaʔay̓ \a nawnaway \va (nawnaway-) \ps vimp \ge before.REDUP; in the past.REDUP \de before.REDUP; in the past.REDUP \cf nawaʔaʔay̓ \ce before; in the past \sd reduplications \dt 17/Nov/2012 \lx nawu \ps n \ge turnip \de turnip \mr [] \xv 1. huksinay ʔišʔapš kihuksinayus (Ϟor hukšapuštipey) ʔisanorya karepoyo, kasinawu \xe 'I am going to put a soup on add or mix in carrots, cabbage and turnips.' \sd food \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd plants \lg TJPH \rf 91.732.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nax- \ps vpre \ge of a span of time \ge INSTR.time \de of a span of time \ee This affix seems to denote a certain span of time or temporal event. Glossed as INSTR.time. \cf ʔałsunaxyət \ce morning; dawn \cf ʔałtsinaxkuhu \ce ghost \cf ʔałtšinaxkuhutš \ce one who makes others die by dreams of the dead \cf alinaxyəʔət \ce to last the whole night \cf naxpaʔaw \ce October \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \cf nunaxyəʔət \ce to do all night; to work all night \cf sinaxkuhun \ce to make others die from dreams of (the) dead \cf sunaxskuta \ce to feed breakfast \cf suyalinaxyət \ce to be going to be dawn \cf uninaxyəʔəʔət \ce to occur very early in the morning \cf uninaxyət \ce to occur in the morning \cf wašnaxyət \ce tomorrow \cf wašnaxyətiʔiy \ce day after tomorrow \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd chronometry \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx naxałyək \ps v \ge have a secret society \ge secret society, have a \ge have secret business \ge secret business, have \de to have a secret society; to have secret business \mr ?[] \cf naxałyəkəš \ce smth exclusive; secret organization \xv 1. tsinaxałyək simason \xe 'the Masons have their secret business.' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.143.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx naxałyəkəš \ps n \ge smth exclusive \ge exclusive, smth \ge secret organization \de smth exclusive; secret organization \mr ?[] \cf naxałyək \ce to have a secret society; to have secret business \sd religion \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.143.2-4; 92.784.2-785.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx naxpaʔaw \ps n \ge October \de October \ee This month means one will always be roaming from one place to another, but the world will always protect that person. \mr [] \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 79.29.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx naxutinaʔał \ps v \ge do/go rowdily \ge go/do rowdily \ge rowdily, do/go \de to do/go rowdily \mr ?[] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv naxutinałpi \pde to do/go rowdily.APL.LOC \pdv naxutinałpiʔi \pde to do/go rowdily.APL.LOC.REDUP \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf tinaʔał \ce to be stubborn; to be stalwart \xv 1. tšnaxutinałpiyiyuʔuw \xe 'he came noisily upon us.' \xv 2. tsamnaxutinałpiʔi \xe 'they [ate] reaching all over not like gentlemen.' \xv 3. musamnaxutinałpiʔi \xe 'they [ate] very politely not reaching arms across table and seizing things.' \xv 4. no ʔan huknaxutinaʔał \xe 'I am going over to where they are all noisily talking things and dirty matters.' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd manners \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.787.2-788.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx naxwiʔił \ps v \ge suffice only so much \de to suffice only so much \mr [] \cf axwiʔił \ce to come only so far \xv 1. neʔeknaxwiʔił \xe '[this food] upsets/offends me' (perhaps in the sense of being inadequate). \sd verbs \sd food \sd senses \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.788.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx naxyət \rd šnaxšnaxyəʔət \a naxyətʰ \ps v \ge morning, be \ge day (tomorrow), be \de to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \ee This was also used to mean 'tomorrow.' \mr [] \cf ʔałsunaxyət \ce morning; dawn \cf alinaxyəʔət \ce to last the whole night \cf naxyətiʔi \ce to be the next morning \cf nunaxyəʔət \ce to do all night; to work all night \cf suninaxyəʔəʔət \ce to occur very early in the morning \cf uninaxyəʔəʔət \ce to occur very early in the morning \cf uninaxyət \ce to occur in the morning \cf wašnaxyət \ce tomorrow \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. ʔałsunaxyət \xe 'dawn is that making sunrise.' \xv 2. latšə ʔišnaxšaxyəʔət \xe 'every morning.' \xv 3. ʔaqiwo ʔi ʔałsunaxyət \xe 'morning star.' \xv 4. huštuhuy naxyət \xe 'it will rain tomorrow.' \xv 5. sinawa kalaxuy ʔan neʔešnaxyət \xe 'when I woke up it was already daytime.' \xv 6. tšnaxiyətiʔi kisamʔipuswu lokakukuʔu \xe 'the next morning the people said.' \xv 7. kinawa šnaxyət ʔan tsitapi heʔeštšʔeqtšʔeʔeq \xe 'when morning comes they enter the cracks.' \xv 8. tsitaqyəwus lokaskoko kilatšə ʔiskeʔep ʔišnaxšaxyəʔət \xe 'obedient to her father she went to bathe every morning.' \xv 9. kisinawa ʔišnaxyət ʔan tsuniyəw ʔiswał sipon̓ kikaswe tsaliwaya ʔiswe \xe 'when it is morning he hunts a hole in a tree and goes to sleep, he sleeps hanging down.' \xv 10. tšnaxyətiʔi kisunikepleʔeʔeł kišaqtuštəł lokaxʔanwa nastəʔəʔə munašnapay \xe 'the next morning he went to bathe very early and he surprised the woman still in the water.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \sd stative \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 90.637.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx naxyətiʔi \ps n \ge next morning, be the \ge morning, be the next \de to be the next morning \mr [] \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. tšnaxiyətiʔi kisamʔipuswu lokakukuʔu \xe 'the next morning the people said,' \xv 2. tšnaxyətiʔi kisunikepleʔeʔeł kišaqtuštəł lokaxʔanwa nastəʔəʔə munašnapay \xe 'the next morning he went to bathe very early and he surprised the woman still in the water.' \sd chronometry \sd verbs \sd nature \sd meteorology \lg KO; TJPH \rf 92.787.1; Glutton41 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx nayanay \sc Mactra calilliformis \ps n \ge clam species \de clam species \ee At the time this word was recorded, younger folk were referring to this clam as ͽʔałxətʔitš, ‘one with a big penis,’ which seems to be a calque of the Spanish term ‘(un) chilon’. \xv 1. loʔkasʔamə kanayanay ʔan tsʔił ʔisʔaqlə̀w kašnehet loʔkasxət kaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the clam (ͽnayanay) has a neck resembling a man’s penis.' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd shellfish \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.168.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx nayi- \a naʔi- \a nayi \va (naʔi-) \ps vpre \ge PRF.II \de perfect verbal prefix \ee Probably a variant of ͽneʔe- ‘perfect verbal prefix.’ \cf neʔe- \ce perfect verbal prefix \xv 1. nayiswəy hesikpoš \xe 'my heart has lost hope.' \xv 2. kasʔipuswu nayikʰkumi \xe 'and he said to them. "I have now arrived." ' \xv 3. nayi kaipštewe ʔišup ʔišwelexš \xe 'some years ago.' \xv 4. xwetet, tsaqmilit; nayikaqša siksuyaqmił \xe 'Frog, give me water; already I am dying of thirst' (first verb in the third person because of politeness?). \xv 5. kisʔip šəpəšiwàš hís nayisapipne ʔištəq saʔanaxpak soʔo \xe 'and Coyote said, "Hiss! it goes off (burns) like a firecracker broken open in the middle of the stingy one with water." ' \xv 6. loʔkaqašə ʔan nawayiwaš kiwə nayištoploqʔi lokaštuʔwaš \xe 'the abalone is old for its shell is rotten.' \xv 7. kanawa šitšoho ʔi ʔisisinay loʔkaswaskə kaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš katomoł , nayisʔił ʔisiyʔaxipe sipon̓ yəlaʔa nayisiyalaqwaʔay kikasamsapitsʔə siyop samsalaqwaʔay šiyuštipey ʔispəł sitsʔekʰənən \xe 'when they finish placing the keel of the tomol in the forks, already the boards are worked smooth, they heat tar and and [when] it is well readied they mix it with pine pitch.' \xv 8. nayitsaqʰtaqimayə̀ \xe 'it is already dusk' (neither night or day). \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd aspect \sd politeness \lg TJPH \rf 91.667.1; Coyo1; Tomol230-235/91.54.1; Travels62 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx neʔe- \a ne- \a na- \va (na-, ne-) \ps vpre \ge PRF.I \de perfect verbal prefix \ee This prefix expresses a current state that results from some previous event. With an imperfect verb (inherently or through reduplication), this prefix expresses inchoative or inceptive meaning; this means the verb has just begun. With the negative prefix, this prefix, as ͽna-, expresses a current state or event that has not yet occurred, but is expected to. Often translated in texts and examples as ‘already’ and ‘yet.’ Glossed as PRF.I. \cf nayi- \ce perfect verbal prefix \xv 1. neʔespeʔey \xe 'it is already blossoming.' \xv 2. neʔesqay \xe 'his legs are already wide apart.' \xv 3. neʔešnunuy \xe 'it is already soft.' \xv 4. neʔespʰatata \xe 'it is already cut' (said of bread). \xv 5. neʔekʔoʔotš ; neʔekʰqiłtsə \xe 'I am wet ; I am drenched through.' \xv 6. neʔekʰqisqisənił \xe 'I see you.' \xv 7. neʔešpeqʔenutš \xe 'it is already made embers.' \xv 8. neʔešukuyaš \xe 'it is already boiled.' \xv 9. neʔeksuyawe \xe 'I am sleepy.' \xv 10. neʔesʰuyamayə \xe 'a little later.' \xv 11. neʔešpuqaš \xe 'it is already strung.' \xv 12. neʔespʰilitutš \xe 'it is already fried.' \xv 13. neʔesiqsihi kisqəwə \xe 'at noon it will be low.' \xv 14. neʔešʰnhoy \xe 'the leather no longer has hair on it.' \xv 15. neʔešnikʔoyi \xe 'he is coming back.' \xv 16. neʔeniwəyəš \xe 'the piece is already removed.' \xv 17. neʔepʰpakəwaš \xe 'you are already old.' \xv 18. neʔešpołwoyotš \xe 'they are already twisted.' \xv 19. neʔemusiyoxonišpiyiyuw \xe 'they are no longer afraid of us.' \xv 20. neʔešaqša hesipon̓ \xe 'the wood is already dead.' \xv 21. neʔesmusʔił sikʔnə \xe 'my matches are all used up.' \xv 22. lokaplatu ʔan neʔesaxixe \xe 'the plate is already worn.' \xv 23. neʔešpakəwaʔaʔaš kišaqša \xe 'he died very old.' \xv 24. neʔeskuʔum ʔispeyiniʔiy \xe 'it is again flower season.' \xv 25. neʔekseqenuswu yəlaʔa \xe 'I have finished taking it apart.' \xv 26. lokasapiyi ʔan neʔesxaʔaʔax \xe 'the mountain fire is getting bigger.' \xv 27. neʔeskuʔum lokayusotoyi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'the time arrived that the woman was about to go to bed.' \xv 28. neʔeskuʔum šušaliqšihitš lokaxʔanwa \xe 'the hour arrives for taking her midday nap.' \xv 29. kaštapinə ʔan musʔił tswey kikəpə ʔan neʔeswey \xe 'yesterday the mouth of the river was closed but today it broke through.' \xv 30. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə siqʰaq kikəpə ʔan neʔesiyakuhu sikukuʔu kineʔemusʔił \xe 'there used to be antelopes here but there are too many people and therefore there are none now.' \xv 31. tsisuwayopuswu lokapałpaliʔi neʔesisuyakitwo kuhusisinay ʔisilanlantšuʔu, kuhusisinay šaʔałhaputš kasikawayu \xe 'they begged permission from the priests that they wanted to leave and establish farms and have cattle and horses.' \xv 32. kəpə ʔan neʔemuksuyasinayiʔiy hałʔəqəy, tsiyʔuw siksələyət, tšiyušxaxš hekakʰintaštaʔaš, musʔił hałkaxkat kimusʔił lukałyikuswu \xe 'I am not going to keep chickens any longer, they eat my seedlings and scratch up my plants and I have no swill to give them.' \xv 33. kaneʔeʔałtšuhełwaš lokašʰatiwə lamunaməʔək lokašʰatiwə ʔan ʔałnowonla kinupan ʔalaxwayi \xe 'and after his wife had given birth to a child, he was not long in finding out that his wife was both a lazy person and a glutton.' \xv 34. neʔekʰqišənwaš sihaw̓ saʔałtonowš kisitsʔotsʔohoʔoy ʔan tšišušʔutš \xe 'I have seen some foxes with their hair out and others with lots of hair.' \xv 35. kaneʔeʔe kašnowo kaneʔeʔe lokasununanmu \xe 'it stood close by where they began.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd aspect \lg TJPH \rf 69.15; 89.87; 90.56.1, 174.2-121.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx neʔeʔe \ps vprcl \ge close by, be \de to be close by \xv 1. kaneʔeʔe kašnowo kaneʔeʔe lokasununanmu \xe 'it stood close by where they began.' \sd verbs \sd particles \sd vparticles \lg JPH \rf 90.152.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nehet \a nehetʰ \a nahet \a net \va (nahet, net-) \ps v \ge as, be \ge so, be \de to be as; to be so \ee Note the uses of this verb. It used to indicate resemblences (be as), equality (be so), and related semantics. \cf ʔalinetpi \ce form; figure \cf alinehet \ce to happen a certain way \cf ałnetpi \ce I. luck; fate II. to happen to \cf netnetuʔutš \ce to befall; to happen to \cf netus \ce to do \cf netutš \ce to have the property of \xv 1. munełpnetus \xe 'you do nothing to him.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa kasinehet \xe 'all are equal/level/even.' \xv 3. yəlaʔa kaknetuswu \xe 'I made them all alike.' \xv 4. kʰan tšnehet \xe 'it resembles it.' \xv 5. kasamnetus kaki \xe 'that is the way to do it.' \xv 6. pakeʔet ʔišʰałnetpi (Ϟor pakeʔet šałʔišnetpi) \xe 'the two are equal(ly matched).' \xv 7. kikašnetuswu ʔišulišwu \xe 'and thus he catches them.' \xv 8. munełknetus kʔuwe tsxałpiyit \xe 'I was doing nothing to him but he attacked me.' \xv 9. nełtšnehet kištayapahaʔa ? \xe 'how did he become stiff?' \xv 10. ʔałnawakaqša, nelupnetus ? \xe 'when I am dead, what are you going to do with me?' \xv 11. kinełtšnehet kimupušʰo ? \xe 'why do you not let him talk?' \xv 12. nełtšnehet kištayapahaʔa ? \xe 'why did he get stiffness?' \xv 13. kinetšnehet kimupsupałyənit ? \xe 'why do you not answer me?' \xv 14. kašnehet lokawaka ʔišxaxəʔəš \xe 'it was big as a cow.' \xv 15. kinełtšnehet kipiseqenit hesiksoł ? \xe 'why are you pulling my bark off?' (said by oak tree). \xv 16. lokaʔəqəy ʔan tštum kašnehet lokapšoš \xe 'the hen lays eggs just like the gophersnake.' \xv 17. lapakeʔet sałʔišnetpi ʔisamsukumu \xe 'the two are measured the same.' \xv 18. ksuyahin saʔałnehet hesikałtaktakʰuy \xe 'I want one like this one I am holding.' \xv 19. kiseqeniyuw lokakiyaxmay, kašnehet kikə kiseqequswu lokaʔiʔalaxyiyuw \xe 'forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us' (translated as an imperative, but the initial verb is in the third person singular, perhaps an aspect of politeness). \xv 20. kisałtšnehet kišʔatʔaxatš lokawop lyos ? \xe 'why did the Son of God make Himself man?' \xv 21. kihupsuyawaha lokatsʔohoy kaku kʰan tšnehetpi \xe 'love thy neighbor as thyself.' \xv 22. eqweł lokapalaqniyewus kašnehet hemišup kaʔalałpay \xe 'thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.' \xv 23. nawaʔaʔay̓ ʔimukʰqise maría antonia, mulatšə knaʔał ventura \xe 'it's been a while that I have not seen Maria Antonia, I do not go to Ventura much.' \xv 24. lokasʔalałpay kaxayanəš kaʔisʔespʔet ʔan lakʰan tšnehet \xe 'the height of the cover and its breadth are the same.' \xv 25. nełtšnehet kipsuxniwəwənit ? \xe 'why are you hurrying me?' \xv 26. kinetšnehet kilapsutixutiwəwə ? \xe 'why are you in a hurry?' \xv 27. munakʰqisənwaš hałʔałnehét hè \xe 'I have never seen the like of this before.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \sd descriptions \sd politeness \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.152.3-158.2; Coyo15 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx nel- \a neł- \a nel- \a noʔol- \va (neł-, noʔol-) \ps vpre \ee Glossed as INTRR when used as an interrogative prefix. Glossed as COMPL when used as a complementizing prefix. \cf ni-2 \ce I. yes/no negative interrogative verb prefix II. (negative) complementizer verb prefix III. (negative) complementizing prefix \se I \ge INTRR \de interrogative verb prefix \xv 1. nelo ? \xe 'where is it?' \xv 2. nełtsʔilił ? \xe 'where is it?' \xv 3. nełptə ? \xe 'what is your name?' \xv 4. neł tsʔił ʔo ? \xe 'where is there water?' \xv 5. nełpkuštiyət ? \xe 'where did you get through the fence?' (not used of coming through a gate). \xv 6. nełkaʔaʔan ? \xe 'how is it?; who/which/what is it?' \xv 7. nelupʔipus ? \xe 'what are you going to tell him?' \xv 8. nelupʔuwe lokapʔolototš ? \xe 'why do you need your quiver?' \xv 9. neł hupkuʔum ? \xe 'where are you going to gather firewood?' \xv 10. nelupsapiwił ? \xe 'where are you going to build a fire?' \xv 11. nełtseqe lokakatu ? \xe 'where is the cat?' \xv 12. nełtseqe lokapʰintštəʔəniwaš ? \xe 'where is your dog?' \xv 13. nełpʔuwlilonutš ? \xe 'where did you eat [your meal]?' \xv 14. nełpiyʔaqšiwiłmu ? \xe 'where do you eat all the time?' \xv 15. nełtsaqniʔip ? \xe 'how does it taste?' \xv 16. neluʔamaxiwił ? \xe 'where are they going to have the dance?' \xv 17. nełpsinay ? \xe 'where did you put it?' \xv 18. nelo kakʔaqmilaʔaš ? \xe 'where is my drinking cup?' \xv 19. nełpsinay lokakʔaqmilaʔaš ? \xe 'where did you put my drinking cup?' \xv 20. nełpsutikayit lokakʔaqmilaʔaš ? \xe 'where did you hide [from] me my drinking cup?' \xv 21. neltštə lošaʔatʔaxatš ? \xe 'what is the name of that man?' \xv 22. nełʔałnuna hešaʔatxatš ? \xe 'where is this man from?' \xv 23. nełpʔap ? \xe 'where do you live?' \xn 'donde vives?' \xv 24. nełpʔałnuna ? \xe 'where are you from?' \xv 25. nelu peqe ? \xe 'where are you going?' \xv 26. nełpʔapʰanəšmu ? \xe 'which ranchería or village are you from?' \xv 27. nełkaʔaʔan lokaswiyam ? \xe 'how is the decent?' \xn 'como está la bajada?' \xv 28. kikəpə ʔan nelupinahet ? \xe 'and now what will you do?' \xv 29. nełtsaqniʔip hesuʔuwmu ? \xe 'how does this food taste?' \xv 30. nełtsʔilił lokašukupinaʔaš ? \xe 'where is the candle?' \xv 31. nełtseqe lyos ? \xe 'where is God?' \xv 32. nełtskinawił ? \xe 'where did he die?' \xv 33. nełtskinawilutš \xe 'where did he die?' \xn 'donde murió?' \xv 34. nełtšaqʰay kišʔatʔaxatš ? \xe 'where did He make Himself man?' \xv 35. nelukinetus kisunapaytšʔəši ? \xe 'and to save us what should we do?' \xv 36. nełtšnehet kipsuxniwəwənit ? \xe 'why do you rush me?' \xn 'porque me apuras?' \xv 37. nełkaʔaʔan ʔiʔišaw kihukimiš ? \xe 'at what time of day will we cry?' \xv 38. nełtšnehet kimupʔuwʔlilonwaš pi ? \xe 'why did you not eat?' (emphasis on 'you'). \xv 39. nelupnetus hałhupnanaʔał ? \xe 'how are you going to carry it?' \xv 40. nełkaʔaʔan hałpkawayu ? \xe 'what is your horse like?' \xv 41. nełkaʔaʔan lokapkawayu ? ; losaʔałʔowow \xe 'which is your horse?' ; 'he is the white one.' \xv 41. nełʔuluknetus kuhukaqwayapiyuw ? \xe 'how am I going to revenge myself on you people.' \se II \ge COMPL \de complementizing prefix \xv 1. mušpošʰotš nełtsʔip \xe 'he does not know what he says.' \xv 2. mušipošʰotš nełtsiyʔip \xe 'they do not know what they say.' \xv 3. munełknetus kʔuwe tsxałpiyit \xe 'I was doing nothing to him but he attacked me.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd voice \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.57.2, 321.3; 90.167.1-170.4; Coyo21 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nelu- \ps vpre \ge INTRR.FUT \de interrogative future prefix \ee This is a collocation of the interrogative ͽnel and future ͽhu . Glossed as INTRR.FUT. \xv 1. nelukinetus kisunapaytšʔəši ? \xe 'and to save us what should we do?' \xv 2. nelupʔipus ? \xe 'what are you going to tell him?' \xv 3. nelupʔuwe lokapʔolototš ? \xe 'why do you need your quiver?' \xv 4. neluʔamaxiwił ? \xe 'where are they going to have the dance?' \xv 5. nelu peqe ? \xe 'where are you going?' \xv 6. nelupnetus hałhupnanaʔał ? \xe 'how are you going to carry it?' \xv 7. kinelukinetus hekaštałhəw ? \xe 'what shall we do with the child?' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx nene(waš) \a nenewaš \ps n \ge grandmother, maternal \de maternal grandmother \ee According to Fernando Librado, this term was used only by males for either of their grandmothers. Juan Estevan Pico thought that this term could be used for any maternal grandparent. José Peregrino Romero thought that this term could only apply to a maternal grandmother (Johnson 1988). \cf mama(waš) \ce paternal grandmother \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH; JJ (1988) \rf 92.678.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx neqtepexe \ps v \ge blow away \de to blow away \mr [] \cf eqtepexe \ce to be blown away \cf exe \ce to finish (food); to finish up (food) \xv 1. tšneqtepexetš \xe 'it blew them away.' \xv 2. lokaʔaqtəwəw ʔan tšneqtepexe sipapeł \xe 'the wind blew this paper away.' \sd verbs \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.494.3-4; 90.165.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -net- \cf nehet \ce to be as; to be so \sd variations \dt 22/Nov/2011 \lx netnetuʔutš \ps v \ge befall \ge happen to \de to befall; to happen to \mr [] \cf nehet \ce to be as; to be so \cf netutš \ce to have the property of \xv 1. kisaxnitʔołkoy sałipʰpi lokašaʔay̓ tštiyepus lokaštete yəlaʔa ʔišnetnetuʔutš \xe 'and listened closely to what her daughter said. She told her mother of all that had befallen her.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf Glutton138-139 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx netus \ps v \ge do \de to do \ee Harrington lists this word under ͽnehet. Notice the obligatory use of an applicative suffix here. \mr [] \cf alinehet \ce to happen a certain way \cf nehet \ce to be as; to be so \xv 1. kikakʰkimiyiʔi lakʰanwaknetus \xe 'I did it again the same way as I did before.' \xv 2. sipakpakəwaʔaš ʔan mušiyaqtšum lositapi sipałpaliʔi ʔiti ʔan musʔił husinetus \xe 'there were some old men who did not like it that the priests had entered here, but what could they do?' \xv 3. kimusʔił hukinetus \xe (I prized my drinking cup) 'but what are we going to do?' (now that the cup is broken) ; (lit., 'there is not anything [for] us to do'). \xv 4. nelukinetus kisunapaytšəši ? \xe 'and to save us, what must we do?' \xv 5. kinelukinetus hekaštałhəw ? \xe 'what shall we do with the child?' \xv 6. nekʔuluknetus kuhukaqwayapiyuw ? \xe 'how am I going to revenge myself on you people?' \xv 7. tsnisiyułtulit ʔan tšnapiyetus, xaʔax sałnetuspiyit, kaypi kihuktaktə \xe 'she made me angry very much and therefore I am going to slay her.' \xv 8. nelukʔisalinetùs kihukiyitakʰsə̀ loʔkakiyaqʰnitoqʰlołkòy \xe 'how will we get clarity for our thoughts?' \sd verbs \sd common \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.156.3, 154.1, 154.4, 156.3-4, 157.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx netutš \a newuts \va (newuts) \ps v \ge property of, have the \ge have the property of \de to have the property of \mr [] \cf nehet \ce to be as; to be so \cf netnetuʔutš \ce to befall; to happen to \xv 1. kəwəlapakeʔet ʔišinetutš kalokasʰintswanaʔał lyos \xe 'because they have the same divine being and nature.' \xv 2. latšə ʔan lapakeʔet ʔišnetutš \xe 'leaving her always virgin; her staying always virginal.' \xv 3. yəlaʔa lokalamnikətus ʔan lašnəkəkš ʔisʔuw, musʔiʔił hałʔalaxyikus malʔiʔiʔi latsnewuts lokaliqisqisə \xe 'all that they brought her she at all herself, to none of those looking on did she feed.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.152.4; Glutton21-23, 126 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx newuts \cf netutš \ce to have the property of \sd variations \dt 16/Jul/2011 \lx nə \rd nəhnəʔə \a nə̀ \ps n \ge fire \de fire \et *neh (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI nɨ ‘fire,’ CRZ ne ‘fire,’ INZ nɨ ‘fire,’ PUY nə ‘fire,’ OBI ti-ni ‘fire’ (Klar 1977: 85-86; WIELD 2005) \mr [] \cf nəhə \ce to burn \cf wałnəhə \ce to make fire with firesticks \cf wałnəhənəʔəš \ce fire stick (drill) \xv 1. axakšit hałpʰnə ! \xe 'give me fire!' \xv 2. tšoxšołpi lokanə \xe 'he urinated in the fire.' \xv 3. koxtopoyo losinə \xe 'I blow the fire' (with my mouth). \xv 4. huksukitwo sinə \xe 'I'm going to strike fire' (with flint and steel). \xv 5. neʔesmusʔił sikʰnə \xe 'my matches are all used up.' \xv 6. huksunapay hesaʔoya hesinə \xe 'I'm going to take the olla off the fire.' \xv 7. huksutapi hesinə kuhukaqʰkəyəmi \xe 'I'm going to straighten this stick in the fire.' \xv 8. huksutapi hesinə kuhukaqʰkəyəmi \xe 'I am going to put [this stick] in the fire so that I can straighten it.' \sd elements \sd culture \sd heat \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.178; 90.172.2-175.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx -nəʔəp- \a nəp \va (-nəp-) \ps vroot \ge continue \ge go on \de continue; go on \cf ʔałtšitaqnəʔəpš \ce interpreter \cf aqnəʔəp \ce to make/weave a cora \cf ?sələnəʔəp \ce to do much of something \cf lunəʔəp \ce to grow continuously \cf matitinəʔəp \ce to move from one place to another \cf sənəpi \ce to resume \cf sunəʔəp \ce work left incomplete \cf sutinəʔəp \ce to move smth/smn from one place to another \cf šayuqšnəʔəp \ce to go walking \cf šayuqšnəpəšpi \ce to go by (foot, etc.) \cf šitaqnəʔəpš \ce to interpret; to be an interpreter \cf tinəʔəp \ce to move from one place to another \xv 1. huknəpʰpi \xe 'I am going on' (after having sat down and rested). \xv 2. tšnəpi \xe (he camps by the roadside and then) '[he] gets up and goes on again' (leaving the place where he camped). \xv 3. hukišnəpi kəpə \xe 'let us two start on now.' \xv 4. tswatilikʔe kikašnəpi \xe 'he rests by the roadside and then starts on.' \sd roots \sd vroots \sd common \lg JPH \rf 90.175.3-4, 177.3; 92.652.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -nəʔəš \a -naš \va (-naš) \ps vsuf \ge RECP \ge reciprocal verbal suffix \de reciprocal verbal suffix \ee Glossed as RECP. \cf -šVš \ce reflexive verbal suffix \cf šiqiliknaš \ce to spy \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \lg TJPH \rf 94.319.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nəhə \ps v \ge burn \de to burn \mr [] \cf nə \ce fire \xv 1. huknəhə heʔispax sitʔo \xe 'I am going to burn these mussel-shells.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH \rf 90.176.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nəhnəʔə \ps n \ge fire.REDUP \de fire.REDUP \cf nə \ce fire \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nəkəkš \ps v \ge do oneself \de to do oneself \mr [] \cf kəkš \ce to be one’s own; to be alone \xv 1. lahupnəkəkš supʔuw \xe 'eat it all yourself.' \xv 2. hukustsʔəmə lahuknəkəkš \xe 'I am going to bury it.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.176.2-176.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nəməkəʔə \ps v \ge cary far out/away \de to carry far out/away \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ nɨmɨkɨn̓ ‘to carry far; to take far away’ (SYBCI 2007: 247) \mr [] \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \cf məkəʔə \ce to go far away/out \xv 1. latšə siknəməkəʔə lokaštuwaš \xe 'I always carry the clamshells way out.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \lg TJPH \rf 89.299.2; 90.177.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx -nəp- \cf -nəʔəp- \ce continue; go on \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nəpəʔə \a nəpə \a nəpən- \va (nəpə, nəpən-) \ps v \ge bring water \de to bring water \cf alaqtinəpə \ce to draw water out of \xv 1. huknəpəʔə \xe 'I am going to bring water.' \xv 2. huknəpənwaʔaš \xe 'I was going to go to get water' (but didn't go). \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.177.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nəw \rd nəwnəw \a nə̀w \ps v \ge sing \de to sing \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałnəw \pde to sing.NZ \sy expen \cf ʔulele \ce to lull (a baby); to have a good time \cf aqwilili \ce to sing (said of a certain genre) \cf expetš \ce to sing (for dancers) \cf iwon \ce to sound; to make chirping noises; to groan; to bray; to crow; to moo; to howl; to croak; to sing (said of birds) \cf nəwəš \ce song \cf uninəw \ce to sing in the morning \xv 1. kʰnəw \xe 'I sing.' \xv 2. nəwu[s] \xe 'sing to him!' \xv 3. huknəwus \xe 'I am going to sing to him.' \xv 4. huknəwuswuʔu \xe 'I am going to sing to them three plus.' \xv 5. no ʔan kʰnəwnəw \xe 'I am singing.' \xv 6. ʔałnəw \xe 'singer.' \xv 7. ʔałʔałnəw \xe 'singer.' \xv 8. ʔalqapatš ʔi ʔałʔalalinəw \xe 'a night singing bird.' \xv 9. ʔałnəw ʔi ʔaqʰskʔatata \xe 'split-stick singer.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd culture \sd body \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.148; 90.178.1-179.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx nəwəš \ps n \ge song \de song \mr [] \cf nəw \ce to sing \xv 1. wašətš ʔišnəwəš \xe 'it is a pretty song.' \xv 2. nəwəš ʔiʔałəwšanəʔəš \xe 'peon song.' \xv 3. lakəkš lokaknəwəš ʔan tsutiyək hešikpoš \xe 'only my song is in my heart.' \sd culture \sd common \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.147; 90.179.4-180.2; 92.729.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nəwnəw \ps v \ge sing.REDUP \de sing.REDUP \cf nəw \ce to sing \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nhoy \ps v \ge hairless from curing (said of leather), be \de to be hairless as a result of curing (said of leather) \cf sunhoy \ce to remove hair from skin in curing leather \xv 1. neʔešʰnhoy \xe 'the leather no longer has hair on it.' \xv 2. ksunhoy \xe 'I am going to remove the hair from the hide I am curing.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 90.180.3; 92.810.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ni \ps n \ge nape of neck \ge back of the neck \de nape of the neck; back of the neck \et *niʔ \ec Compare BOI niʼ ‘neck,’ CRZ ne ‘neck,’ INZ niʼ ‘neck,’ OBI niʼ ‘neck,’ PUY niʼi̥ ‘neck’ (Klar 1977: 100; Harrington 1986: 3.6.25.1) \xv 1. sikni \xe 'my nape.' \xv 2. tspʔow ʔišni \xe 'he has a leaning forward neck.' \xv 3. hesikni ʔan tsxmatata \xe 'the nape of neck is bumpy.' \sd anatomy \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.399.4; 90.180.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ni- \hm 1 \ps vpre \ge TR.II \de transitivizing prefix \ee Mamet (2008) and Applegate (2007) (for Samala) consider this to be a transitivizing prefix. Glossed as TR.II. \sy i- \cf alinikʰət \ce to bring at night; to bring in the night time \cf aputinikʔoy \ce to make undertow \cf aputinikʔoyi \ce to make undertow \cf aqškʔunapaš \ce to shore fish \cf aqtuniyəw \ce to come to look for; to come to search for \cf axnapay \ce to expel from the mouth; to vomit out \cf axtanikʔoyi \ce to revive; to come to after a faint \cf axʔunimay \ce to deceive; to fool; to cheat \cf exneqenpi \ce to attend to one’s business; to respect; to have devotion to \cf iqwałnikʔoyi \ce to sew over and over \cf kinanikʔoyi \ce to resurrect from the dead \cf naqša \ce to be injured by; to be affected by (with regard to health); to cause to die \cf naqʰay \ce to do in a place \cf naqʰaymu \ce (permanent) place where smth is done \cf naxutinaʔał \ce to do/go rowdily \cf neqtepexe \ce to blow away \cf nəkəkš \ce to do oneself \cf nikla \ce to break with the hands \cf nikʰət \ce to bring (successfully) \cf nikʰəti \ce to bring home \cf nikʰululu \ce to make a rumbling noise; to make a thundering noise \cf nikʔoli \ce to arrive from and return to \cf nikʔot \ce to break smth \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \cf nilew \ce to break off \cf nimaqtu \ce to divide by taking half \cf nimasəx \ce to divide into threes \cf nimay \ce to put out fire \cf nineqweł \ce to mold (with the hands); to shape (with the hands) \cf ninoqš \ce to break by pulling; to break with the hands \cf ninuna \ce to get; to fetch \cf nipałqayawi \ce to bend/brush aside \cf nipen \ce to brush/sweep together \cf nipkʔes \ce to break with the hands \cf nipołwoyo \ce to twist smth \cf nipsnekey \ce to bend the top of bow backward \cf nipswoko \ce to pain the stomach of \cf nipšnoko \ce to pain \cf nipʰatata \ce to break open \cf nipʔeł \ce to break joint(s); to break smn’s back/neck \cf niqay \ce to pull apart \cf niqʔalaw \ce to pull out with the hands \cf niqʰał \ce to pull off \cf nisuqoʔo \ce to make laugh \cf nisuyułtuł \ce to make angry \cf nišaqša \ce to take and kill \cf nišumiš \ce to make cry \cf nitšʔeq \ce to split \cf niwał \ce to pierce; to perforate \cf niwalutš \ce to be pierced; to be perforated \cf niwewek \ce to tear (with the hands) \cf niwey \ce to cut an opening \cf niwəwə \ce ?to be in a hurry \cf niwəy \ce to tear off (a small piece of) \cf niwəyəš \ce to tear off (a small piece of) \cf niwipxey \ce to increase the speed of \cf nunikʔoli \ce to take back (again) \cf nunikʔotiʔiy \ce to bring back again \cf qulunikʔoyi \ce to turn around inside of \cf suxniwəwə \ce to hurry smn; to rush smn \cf suxniwəy \ce to stop from fighting \cf šałnapay \ce to spray up (said of water from breaking waves) \cf šaqškʔunapaʔaš \ce to fish on the shore; to surf-fish \cf šaqškʔunapaš \ce to surf-fish (regularly) \cf šaqškʔunapay \ce to be fished \cf šaqškʔunapayəʔəš \ce fishing tackle \cf tinapay \ce to move back/away from smwh \cf tinikʔoyi \ce to go backward; to move backward; to back up \cf uninikʰət \ce to bring in the morning \cf uniyəʔəw \ce to search for \cf uxninikʔoyi \ce to be sorry; to repent; to change one's mind \cf wałnikʔoyi \ce to loosen (string of violin) \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH; IM; RBA \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ni- \hm 2 \ee This prefix seems to assume that the speaker will answer in the affirmative (i.e., in agreement with a positive version of the question). In some instances, the interrogative translations have not included the negative information. However, the expectation of an affirmative response (in agreement with a positive version of the question) is still present. When used as a complementizer, the prefix marks arguments that are hypothetically possible (but perhaps unlikely still) or unknown. Glossed as Q.NEG.INTRR when clearly used with a negative yes/no function. Glossed as NEG.INTRR when used as an interrogative without a (clear) negative translation. Glossed as (NEG).COMPL when used as a complementizer. \cf nel- \ce I. interrogative verb prefix II. complementizing prefix \se I \ps vpre \ge NEG.INTRR \de yes/no negative interrogative verb prefix \xv 1. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \xv 2. nipsuyanunaliʔit mišopošno ? \xe 'do you not want to take me to Carpinteria?' \xv 3. nipeqwełwaš hałʔatəšwənəš(?) \xe 'you have done sorceries [with poison] (perhaps a better translation, ‘have you not done sorceries with poison?’).' \se II \ps vpre \ge (NEG).COMPL \de (negative) complementizer verb prefix \xv 1. nikšošoy ? ; mə, kʔałʔowow \xe 'am I black? ; no, I am white.' \xv 2. ninapqišənwaš ? \xe 'when did you see him?' (said of some mutual old friend). \xv 3. nipʰsuyaqmił ? \xe 'do you want water?' \xn 'quieres agua?' \xv 4. nipitaq ? \xe 'did you understand? / did you hear?' \xv 5. ?nipitaq hešikʔałhašəʔəš \xe 'you do not understand my words (what I talk)?' (not translated as an interrogative, but compare with example above). \xv 6. nipšuwašətš lokapeqwełwaš kaʔatəšwənəš ? \xe 'have you believed in them?' \xv 7. nipsuyawaxa ? \xe 'do you need to defecate?' \xn 'quieres cagar?' \xv 8. nipʔipwaš dios ʔan kumeliwaš ? \xe 'did you use the Lord’s name in vain?' \xv 9. niqisə ? \xe 'do you see this?' \xv 10. niwašətš ? ; wašətš sikʰawayu \xe 'is it a good one? ; my horse is a very good one.' \xv 11. niwašətšhałpwe ? ; hihiʔi kalinaxyəʔət \xe 'have you slept well?' ; 'yes, all night' (lit., 'I did not wake up until morning'). \se III \ps vpre \ge (NEG).COMPL \de (negative) complementizing prefix \xv 1. kʰqisə ʔapi niskəyəmi \xe 'I sight along arrow to see if it is straight.' \xv 2. mukpošʰotš nihusyət \xe 'I do not know if he will come.' \xv 3. mukpošotš ninašaqšanwaš \xe 'I don’t know if she may have died.' \xv 4. nikahan pi \xe 'that/what if it were you.' \xv 5. no ʔan kʔałkilamu, kəwə šwalaməš hesiksəpmu, mukpošʰotš nisʰuyuwahanit \xe 'I am crazy, for this load is heavy, I do not know that this little one cares for me so much.' \xv 6. tsʰapitsʔə lokasʔeqenmu, kinupan tsaqsumu niwašətš ʔan munašwašətš kišʰutapiniʔiy hesinə kikasitete \xe 'he heats the horseshoe and tries it on and if it does not yet fit well he heats it again and hammers it.' \xv 7. xuan ʔan nikʔuštaktaktə santiawu \xe 'Juan is hitting Santiago.' \xv 8. yəlaʔa loʔkakwis ʔan ki ksinaywu sałmusʔił lułniselqé \xe 'I put all the linens in a pile and place them where nobody will disturb them.' \xv 9. ʔapi nitšiyutʔuxš hałtšaqšanutš sikawauy \xe 'to see if they can smell the dead horse.' \xv 10. ʔapi nitšʔiyutʔuxš hałtšaqšanutš sikawayu \xe 'to see if they smell some dead horse.' \xv 11. ʔapinitšmomonəš \xe 'see if it is complete.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd voice \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nikahan \ps vprcl \ge whether it were \de whether it were \xv 1. nikahan pi \xe 'that/what if it were you.' \sd phrases \sd vparticles \sd particles \lg JPH \rf 90.181.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx nikat \ps v \ge leave some(thing) \de to leave some(thing) \xv 1. knikat \xe 'I leave some.' \xv 2. mupnimoy, nikat \xe 'do not take all of it! leave some!' \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.182.1-2 \dt 08/Apr/2015 \lx nikla \ps v \ge break with the hands \de to break with the hands \mr [] \cf kla \ce to be broken \cf ninoqš \ce to break by pulling; to break with the hands \xv 1. knikla \xe 'I break a thing with my two hands.' \xv 2. no kakałnikla lokapʔaqmilaʔaš \xe 'I smashed your drinking cup.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.182.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nikʰət \a nikət \va (nikət) \ps v \ge bring (successfully) \de to bring (successfully) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv nikʰətiniʔiy \pde to bring (successfully).APL.INSTR.REP \sy naktina \cf alinikʰət \ce to bring at night; to bring in the night time \cf ikʰəʔəł \ce to go to bring; to bring (along); to fetch \cf nikʰəti \ce to bring home \xv 1. knikʰət \xe 'I brought it successfully.' \xv 2. kʰnikət \xe 'I brought' (one horse). \xv 3. kʰnikətinwu \xe 'I brought' (horses). \xv 4. huknikʰət \xe 'I am going to bring it.' \xv 5. knikʰətiniʔiy \xe 'I brought it back again.' \xv 6. huknikʰətiniʔi \xe 'I am going to bring it back again.' \xv 7. nikətit losixəp ! \xe 'bring me that rock!' \xv 8. nikʰət losixəp ! \xe 'bring [me] that stone!' \xv 9. knikʰət sixawon \xe 'I brought some soap.' \xv 10. knikət pakeʔet sikawayu \xe 'I brought one horse.' \xv 11. hukʰnikətił sixəpxəʔəp \xe 'I will bring you rocks.' \xv 12. kalaqkumiʔił hesipnikʰəti \xe 'I thank you that you brought me here in your buggy.' \xv 13. lokaʔamʔałʔałnikətus latšə \xe 'what they brought her all the time.' \xv 14. yəlaʔa lokalamnikətus ʔan lašnəkəkš ʔisʔuw \xe 'all they brought her she ate herself.' \xv 15. lokapałpaliʔi kasinikʰətwunutš hesaʔawexa \xe 'the priest introduced bees here.' \xv 16. tsinikʰət ʔištəʔəniwaš saʔałʔəhə ʔisʰintštep kaypi kisʔəhə ʔištep ʔiti, latšə silašušuškikš heʔištəʔəniwaš \xe 'they brought a fleay dog and that is why there are lots of fleas here, the dog was scratching all the time.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.188.2-192.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx nikʰəti \ps v \ge bring home \de to bring home \mr [] \cf nikʰət \ce to bring (successfully) \xv 1. knikʰəti \xe 'I brought it home.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.191.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nikʰululu \ps v \ge make a rumbling noise \ge make a thundering noise \de to make a rumbling noise; to make a thundering noise \mr [] \xv 1. kʰnikʰulùlù \xe 'I make a thunder or a rumble.' \xv 2. loʔkasinikʰululu kayúm̓ ʔan xaʔàx ʔišušitaxmàš \xe 'the rumble of the rats is very peculiar.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.887.2-888.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nikʔoli \a nikʔolin \va (nikʔolin-) \ps v \ge arrive from and return to \de to arrive from and return to \mr [] \cf nunikʔoli \ce to take back (again) \xv 1. tšnikʔoli \xe 'he arrived here from where he set out from and returned thither from here again.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.186.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx nikʔot \a niqʔot \va (niqʔot) \ps v \ge break smth \de to break smth \ee Note that this verb refers to something stiff or firm being broken. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv nikʔotiʔiy \pde to break smth.REP \cf kʔot \ce to be broken (non-functioning) \cf nikla \ce to break with the hands \xv 1. huknikʔot sipon̓ \xe 'I am going to break a stick.' \xv 2. huknikʔot hesipon̓ \xe 'I am going to break this stick.' \xv 3. lokaʔatša ʔan huʔamnikʔot \xe 'they will break the axe.' \xv 4. hukniqʔot \xe 'I am going to break it.' \xv 5. kʔipus lokaʔatʔaxatš kimuhušnikʔotiʔiy̥ ʔiti \xe 'I told him to never come back here any more.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.186.3-187.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nikʔoy \ps v \ge turn back \de to turn back \mr [] \cf aputinikʔoy \ce to make undertow \cf aputinikʔoyi \ce to make undertow \cf iłnikʔoyi \ce to go out (said of the tide) \cf iqwałnikʔoyi \ce to sew over and over \cf kinanikʔoyi \ce to resurrect from the dead \cf maxtinikʔoyi \ce to slip back; to drag back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \cf qulunikʔoyi \ce to turn around inside of \cf sunikʔoyi \ce to take someplace and bring back; to take and bring full circle \cf tinikʔoyi \ce to go backward; to move backward; to back up \cf uxninikʔoyi \ce to be sorry; to repent; to change one's mind \cf wałnikʔoyi \ce to loosen (string of violin) \xv 1. knikʔoy \xe 'I turned back before I reached a place.' \xv 2. kʔipus lokaʔatʔaxatš kimuhušnikʔotiʔiy ʔiti \xe 'I told him to never come back here any more.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 92.813.1 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx nikʔoyi \a nikʔoyì \a nikoyì \ps v \ge turn back \ge return \de to turn back; to return \ee Note that this indicates the one has gone back before reaching one’s destination. \mr [] \cf aputinikʔoyi \ce to make undertow \cf iłnikʔoyi \ce to go out (said of the tide) \cf iqwałnikʔoyi \ce to sew over and over \cf kinanikʔoyi \ce to resurrect from the dead \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf maxtinikʔoyi \ce to slip back; to drag back \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf qulunikʔoyi \ce to turn around inside of \cf sunikʔoyi \ce to take someplace and bring back; to take and bring full circle \cf tinikʔoyi \ce to go backward; to move backward; to back up \cf uxninikʔoyi \ce to be sorry; to repent; to change one's mind \cf wałnikʔoyi \ce to loosen (string of violin) \xv 1. nikʔoyi ! \xe 'come back!' \xv 2. neʔešnikʔoyi \xe 'he is coming back.' \xv 3. kayhušnikʔoyi šiʔišaw \xe 'the sun is already coming back.' \xv 4. huknikʔoyi \xe 'I shall come back' (I shall start going to the beach and before reaching the beach I shall turn back). \xv 5. muskumlinwaš lokaʔatʔaxatš kəwə šnikʔoyi \xe 'the man did not arrive for he turned back.' \xv 6. tšnikʔoyi ʔišup \xe 'the year comes round again.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.813.2-814.1; Travels45 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nilew \rd nilewlew \ps v \ge break off \de to break off \mr [] \cf lew \ce to break away in increments \xv 1. huknilew hesipan \xe 'I am going to break this bread.' \xv 2. knilewlew \xe 'I remove pieces with the fingers.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.194.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nilewlew \ps v \ge break off.REDUP \de to break off.REDUP \cf nilew \ce to break off \cf wilewlew \ce to remove by blows \sd reduplications \dt 27/Jun/2018 \lx nimaqtu \ps v \ge divide by taking half \de to divide by taking half \mr [] \cf maqtu \ce to be halved \xv 1. knimaqtu \xe 'I take half.' \xv 2. tšišnimaqtu \xe 'they two divided it.' \xv 3. hukišnimaqtu hešiʔixpanəš \xe 'we two are going to divide these acorns' (each taking half). \sd numbers \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.196.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nimasəx \ps v \ge divide into threes \de to divide into threes \mr [] \cf masəx \ce three \xv 1. huknimasəx \xe 'I am going to cut (the pie) into three pieces.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.196.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nimay \rd nimnimay \ps v \ge put out fire \de to put out fire \mr [] \cf aqškʔunimay \ce to kill (an animal) clandestinely \cf axʔunimay \ce to deceive; to fool; to cheat \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf suyanimay \ce to want to put fire out \xv 1. knimay \xe 'I put out the light.' \xv 2. huknimay \xe 'I am going to extinguish the fire' (using water or earth or anything). \xv 3. nimay ! \xe 'put the fire out!' \xv 4. knimnimay \xe 'I am going to put it out.' \xv 5. mupsuyanimay lokanə ! \xe 'do not let the fire go out!' \xv 6. tsikitwo šaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš kihusinimay hesinə \xe 'many men went out to put out the mountain fire.' \sd verbs \sd elements \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.195.2-196.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx niməʔətš \rd nimniməʔətš \ps v \ge strain (while defecating) \de to strain (while defecating) \xv 1. tšniməʔətš \xe 'he is straining while defecating.' \xv 2. tšnimniməʔətš \xe 'he is struggling at the watercloset.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 90.197.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nimnimay \ps v \ge put out fire.REDUP \de to put out fire.REDUP \cf nimay \ce to put out fire \sd reduplications \dt 17/Jul/2011 \lx nimniməʔətš \ps v \ge strain (while defecating).REDUP \de to strain (while defecating).REDUP \cf niməʔətš \ce to strain (while defecating) \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nimoy \ps v \ge take all \de to take all \xv 1. no ʔan knimoy \xe 'I took all there was of the stuff' (and did not leave anything). \xv 2. mupnimoy !, nikat \xe 'do not take all of it!, leave some!' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 90.197.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nineqweł \ps v \ge mold (with the hands) \ge shape (with the hands) \de to mold (with the hands); to shape (with the hands) \ee Harrington notes that, "Inf. has heard the word and volunteered entirely that it means to take a handkerchief and make it into any shape that inf. wishes using hands, not a tool or anything." \mr [] \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \xv 1. knineqweł \xe 'I mold or shape gently' (as when I make a figure of a horse out of a ball of clay). \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.198.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ninoqš \a ninoxš \va (ninoxš) \ps v \ge break by pulling \ge break with the hands \de to break by pulling; to break with the hands \mr [] \cf kla \ce to be broken \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \xv 1. hukninoqš \xe 'I am going to break [a string] by pulling it.' \xv 2. hukninoqš \xe 'I am going to break it with my hands.' \sd verbs \xv 3. kninoqš hešimiyaš \xe 'I broke this string.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.198.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ninoxš \cf ninoqš \ce to break by pulling; to break with the hands \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ninuna \ps v \ge get \ge fetch \de to get; to fetch \mr [] \cf nuna \ce to come from \xv 1. kayupininuna supiyʔałʔuw \xe 'in such part you’re going to take its food.' \xv 2. kayukninuna mitsqanaqan̓ \xe 'I am going to get it in Ventura.' \xv 3. kayukninuna lokakaxon mitsqanaqan̓ \xe 'I am going to get the box at Ventura.' \xv 4. tsikumli mitsqanaqan̓ kasila payikʔula nehałlusininuna (Ϟor nełtsininuna) lokatok \xe 'they arrived at Ventura or wherever they went to fetch it.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.199.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nipałqayawi \va (nipałqayawin-) \ps v \ge bend/brush aside \de to bend/brush aside \mr [] \cf pałqayawitš \ce to be twisted/bent aside \xv 1. knipałqayawinwu lokawitay \xe 'I bend the mulefat aside' (so I could get through the underbrush). \sd verbs \sd plants \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.199.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nipen \ps v \ge brush together \ge sweep together \de to brush/sweep together \mr [] \cf ušpen \ce to clean away with one’s hands \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.200.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nipkʔes \ps v \ge break with the hands \de to break with the hands \mr [] \cf pkʔes \ce to burst open; to open from the inside out \xv 1. knipkʔes \xe 'I break it with my hands.' \xv 2. lahukušqete kihuknipkʔes \xe 'I am going to press on [this frog] slowly and smash him.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.200.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nipnipʔeł \ps v \ge break joint(s).REDUP \ge break smn’s back/neck.REDUP \cf nipʔeł \ce to break joint(s); to break smn’s back/neck \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nipołwoyo \ps v \ge twist smth \de to twist smth \mr [] \cf połwoyo \ce to twist \xv 1. knipołwoyo \xe 'I twisted it' (wire, stick, etc.). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.200.4-201.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nipsnekey \ps v \ge bend top of bow backward \de to bend the top of bow backward \mr [] \cf psnekey \ce to be turned up; to point up \xv 1. knipsnekey \xe 'I bent the points of the sinew-backed bow backward.' \sd archery \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.201.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nipswoko \ps v \ge pain the stomach of \de to pain the stomach of \mr [] \sy nipšnoko \cf hayaya \ce to be bloated; to have a bloated stomach; to be swollen; to be risen \xv 1. tšnipswokoyit \xe 'I have a stomach ache.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.201.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nipšnoko \ps v \ge pain \de to pain \ee Harrington notes that this is said of a gripping pain in the bowels. \mr [] \sy nipswoko \xv 1. tšnipšnokoyit hesikʰqəp \xe 'I have pains in my belly.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.120.1; 90.201.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nipʰatata \ps v \ge break open \de to break open \mr [] \cf pʰatata \ce to break; to separate; to split apart \xv 1. knipʰatata \xe 'I break [dry bread] apart or into pieces [with my hands].' \sd verbs \sd manner \rf 90.204.4-205.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nipʔeł \rd nipnipʔeł \rd nipʔełpʔeł \ps v \ge break joint(s) \ge break smn’s back/neck \de to break joint(s); to break smn’s back/neck \mr [] \xv 1. tsinipnipʔełwu heʔisimətməʔət \xe 'they twist their backs' (to kill young sharks). \xv 2. knipʔełpʔeł loʔisikunkunəʔətš \xe 'I broke apart all its joints.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.202.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nipʔełpʔeł \ps v \ge break joint(s).REDUP \ge break smn’s back/neck.REDUP \cf nipʔeł \ce to break joint(s); to break smn’s back/neck \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nipʔow \ps v \ge bend \de to bend \mr [] \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. knipʔow \xe 'I bend smth down.' \xv 2. huknipʔow sipon̓ \xe 'I'm going to bend a stick.' \xv 3. lokapałnipʔowwaš \xe 'the one you bent.' \xv 4. lakwakapiʔiʔi suknipʔow \xe 'I bend it slowly.' \xv 5. pʰnapiyətus sipnipʔow kiskʔot \xe 'you bent it too much and that is why it broke.' \xv 6. huknipʔow huksutapi heʔištək \xe 'I bend butt of feather back and insert.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.203.1-204.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx niqalaw \cf niqʔalaw \ce to pull out with the hands \sd variations \dt 17/Jul/2011 \lx niqay \ps v \ge pull apart \de to pull apart \ee As is said of doing to two tips of a fork. \mr [] \cf qay \ce to be split at the base \xv 1. hukniqay \xe 'I am going to pull it apart as one would the two tips of a fork.' \xv 2. qay \xe 'to split at the base.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.84.1-2 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx niqniqʔalaw \ps v \ge pull out with the hands.REDUP \de to pull out with the hands.REDUP \cf niqʔalaw \ce to pull out with the hands \sd reduplications \dt 17/Jul/2011 \lx niqsə \ps excl \ge do you see this? \de do you see this? \gn ¿miras esto? \dn ¿miras esto? \ee Means the same as ͽnipqisə. \mr [] \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \sd exclamations \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.193.1; 92.819.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx niqʰał \ps v \ge pull off \de to pull off \mr [] \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \xv 1. kniqʰał \xe 'I pull it off.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.194.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx niqʔalaw \rd niqniqʔalaw \a niqalaw \va (niqalaw) \ps v \ge pull out with the hands \de to pull out with the hands \mr [] \xv 1. kniqʔalaw \xe 'I pull it up with my hands.' \xv 2. kʰniqalaw \xe 'I pull up a plant.' \xv 3. kniqʔalaw \xe 'I pull hair or a plant up by the roots.' \xv 4. tšniqniqʔalaw hesikʔoqwo \xe 'he was pulling my hairs out [at every cut].' \xv 5. kʰanwa ʔiškonoqš ʔan tšniqniqʔalaw hesikʔoqwo \xe 'every time he gave a cut he pulled my hair out.' \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.193.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nisełqe \ps v \ge knock into pieces \de to knock into pieces \ee Said of something which no longer functions. \cf nišełqetš \ce to ruin \xv 1. tšnisełqe \xe 'it knocks it all to pieces.' \xv 2. ʔəwə laʔpsalaqʰwaʔay watšʔəw̓, neʔiknisełqe \xe 'I wish you could fix it.' \xv 3. huknisełqe heʔisiya \xe 'I am going to tear this chair to pieces.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 90.206.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx niseqe \ps v \ge pinch off \de to pinch off \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \xv 1. tsiniseqenus lokaštək kašteleq \xe 'they pinch off the end of his tail.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 90.205.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nismo \ps v \ge assist financially \de to assist financially; to join one's money with that of another in order to assist the person \ee Harrington notes that this is a newer word for this meaning. The word ͽaqismo means the "same thing," but was an older word at the time Harrington recorded both words. \sy aqismo \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.206.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nisuqoʔo \a nisuqon \va (nisuqon-) \ps v \ge make laugh \ge laugh, make \de to make laugh \mr [] \cf qoʔo \ce to laugh \xv 1. kʰnisuqoʔo \xe 'I made him laugh.' \xv 2. tšnisuqonit \xe 'he made me laugh.' \xv 3. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan latšə ʔišnisuqonwu lokasʔiwənwu \xe 'this man always makes his companions laugh.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.206.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nisuyułtuł \ps v \ge make angry \ge angry, make \de to make angry \mr [] \cf yułtʔuł \ce to be angry \xv 1. tṣnisuyułtulit ʔan tšnapiyetus, xaʔax sałnetuspiyit, kaypi kihuktaktə \xe 'she made me angry very much and therefore I am going to slay her.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.206.3; 94.354.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nišaqša \ps v \ge take and kill \de to take and kill \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \xv 1. knišaqša \xe 'I kill (an animal); I take it and kill it.' \xv 2. kałwašətš suʔamnišaqša lokaʔalaxwayi \xe 'it is a good plan to kill the gluttonous woman.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \rf 90.207.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nišełqetš \ps v \ge ruin \de to ruin \mr [] \cf nisełqe \ce to knock into pieces \xv 1. tšnišełqetš \xe 'he has spoiled' (the box he is making). \xv 2. no ʔan knišełqetš heʔisiya \xe 'I have spoiled this chair' (said of chair breaking with me). \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH \rf 90.207.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nišumiš \ps v \ge make cry \ge cry, make \de to make cry \mr [] \cf miš \ce to cry \xv 1. tšnišumišit heʔisewoya \xe 'these onions make my eyes water.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.208.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nitšʔeq \ps v \ge split \de to split \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce to crack; to split \xv 1. hukseqenus hesitawla ʔan muhuknitšʔeq \xe 'I am going to take off a board without splitting it.' \sd verbs \sd manner \rf 90.208.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx niwał \ps v \ge pierce \ge perforate \de to pierce; to perforate \mr [] \cf niwalutš \ce to be pierced; to be perforated \cf nuxš \ce nose \cf wał \ce to have a hole; to be pierced \xv 1. hukniwał \xe 'I am going to make a hole through it.' \xv 2. hukniwał hesiknuxš \xe 'I am going to perforate my nose.' \xv 3. husamniwali hešiknuxš \xe 'they are going to bore my nose.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.208.3-209.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx niwalutš \ps v \ge pierced, be \ge perforated, be \de to be pierced; to be perforated \mr [] \cf niwał \ce to pierce; to perforate \cf wał \ce to have a hole; to be pierced \xv 1. tšniwalutš hesiknuxš \xe 'my nose is bored.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd culture \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.208.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx niwatapuʔus \ps v \ge enter to fight with \de to enter to fight with \ee This was given as ͽniwałtapuʔus, but the example does not repeat the form with an ͽł. \mr [] \xv 1. kniwatapuʔus lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to enter his house to fight with him' (does not mean to fall in on smn). \sd verbs \sd purpose \lg JPH \rf 90.209.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx niwewek \ps v \ge tear (with the hands) \de to tear (with the hands) \mr [] \cf wewek \ce to have a tear; to be torn \xv 1. kniwewek \xe 'I tore' (the cloth, the shirt, or the paper). \xv 2. hukniwewekʰ \xe 'I am going to tear the cloth.' \xv 3. hukniwewek heʔištipəšəš \xe 'I rip it along the seam.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.529.3; 90.210.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx niwey \rd niweywey \ps v \ge cut an opening \de to cut an opening \mr [] \cf wey \ce to break through (as is said of a river); to be fluted; to be notched; to wane (said of the moon) \xv 1. kniwey \xe 'I dig (the mouth of the river) open.' \xv 2. kniweywey \xe 'I cut openings along the edge of a flowing ditch of water.' \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.209.4-210.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx niweywey \ps v \ge cut an opening.REDUP \de to cut an opening.REDUP \cf niwey \ce to cut an opening \sd reduplications \dt 17/Jul/2011 \lx niwəwə \ps v \ge hurry, to be in a \de ?to be in a hurry \ee It is unclear if this verb means to be in a hurry to use the restroom, or whether it merely means to be in a hurry. Harrington notes that this verb was used in favor of ͽsuyawaxa, 'I want to shit.' \mr [] \cf suxniwəwə \ce to hurry smn; to rush smn \cf uniwəwə \ce to dance at night (a specific dance) \xv 1. no ʔan kniwəwə \xe 'I am in a hurry to go shit.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd manners \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.211.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx niwəy \ps v \ge tear off (a small piece of) \de to tear off (a small piece of) \ee Harrington’s speaker heard this word used but does not seem to have used it himself. \mr [] \cf niwəyəš \ce to tear off (a small piece of) \cf suxniwəy \ce to stop from fighting \cf šuniwəš \ce to add one at a time \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.211.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx niwəyəš \ps v \ge tear off (a small piece of) \de to tear off (a small piece of) \mr [] \cf niwəy \ce to tear off (a small piece of) \xv 1. neʔeniwəyəš \xe 'the piece is already removed.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.211.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx niwipxey \ps v \ge increase the speed of \de to increase the speed of \ee This verb may be restricted to referring to running only. \mr [] \cf ipxey \ce to add to \xv 1. tšniwipxey \xe 'he runs faster and faster, increases his speed.' \xv 2. kniwipxey \xe 'I am running and increase my speed as I run.' \xv 3. kniwipxey sikmaqutinaʔał \xe 'I increase the speed of my running.' \xv 4. tšniwniwixpey lokaʔaqtəwəw ; laswakwakapiʔiʔi ʔisaqtəwəw \xe 'the wind kept coming more and more, stronger and stronger' ; 'the wind abated gradually abate.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.211.4-212.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx niwonla \ps v \ge lazy, be \de to be lazy \cf ʔałniwonla \ce lazy person; sluggard; goldbrick \xv 1. mupiniwonla ! \xe 'don't you three+ be lazy!' \xv 2. hukušwiy hesaʔałniwonla \xe 'I am going to wake up this lazy one.' \xv 3. wašəʔəʔətš lokaxʔanwa, kʔuwe musʔił ʔałkuwiłpi, kiwe ʔałniwonla kahe ʔalaxpak \xe 'she was a good looking woman, but her beauty did not become her for she was lazy and stingy.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 90.212.3-213.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx nixe \a nixen- \va (nixen-) \ps v \ge take all/everything \de to take all/everything \xv 1. knixe \xe 'I took everything' (did not leave anything). \xv 2. knixenus yəlaʔa lokašik, kikaskitwoʔo kisitsʔaʔał \xe (I took the hairbrush and combed her head) 'and got all the lice out and she went out to play.' \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.205.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx no \a nó \a noʔ \va (noʔ) \ps pro \ge 1.S \ge I \ge me \ge first person singular (subject) \de first person singular (subject); I; me \ee Glossed as 1S.SBJ. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI noʼ ‘first person singular,’ CRZ noʼo ‘I,’ INZ noʼ ‘I; me’ (Wash 2001: 68; Beeler & Klar 1977: 34; SYBCI 2007: 248) \mr [] \cf nokš1 \ce to be mine own; to be I alone \cf ʔutinoʔoʔo \ce to do promptly oneself \xv 1. kay no \xe 'I am.' \xv 2. lakəkš no \xe 'only I.' \xv 3. ʔutinoʔoʔo hukwaxaʔa \xe 'now I am going to defecate.' \sd pronouns \xv 4. laʔnokʰš kʰwašutšašì \xe 'I myself was deceived' (thought I heard something and did not). \xv 5. no ka kʔałʔuxštuʔuʔu ki pi ʔan lamitʔi sipʔuxstu \xe 'I am more deaf than you.' \xv 6. no ʔan tsʔił sikʔap lositəpʰə \xe 'I have a house in a forest.' \xv 7. nonwaš \xe 'I had been.' \xv 8. ʔulanonwaʔaš \xe 'that I had been.' \sd pronouns \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.268.2; 89.280.1, 674.4; 90.213.2; 94.201; Pico 1888 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx noʔol- \cf nel- \ce I. interrogative verb prefix II. complementizing prefix \sd variations \dt 03/Aug/2018 \lx nokš \hm 1 \ps adj \ge mine own, be \ge I alone, be \de to be mine own; to be I alone \mr [] \cf no \ce first person singular (subject); I; me \xv 1. nokš kʰin \xe 'it's mine.' \xv 2. nokš kya kaki \xe 'that is my arrow.' \xv 3. lanokš kpošʰotš \xe 'only I know,' 'I alone know.' \xv 4. laʔnokʰš kʰwašutšašì \xe 'I myself was deceived' (thought I heard something and did not). \sd vadjectivals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.213.3-214.1 \dt 03/Jun/2019 \lx nokš \hm 2 \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \sd variations \dt 18/Jul/2011 \lx nop \ps v \ge blunt, be \de to be blunt \ee Harrington notes that this word was archaic at the time he recorded it. \an tsʔətsʔə \xv 1. tšnop \xe 'it is blunt' (like the blunt end of my pen). \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 90.218.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx noqnoqš \ps v \ge broken, be.REDUP \ge pieces, be in.REDUP \de to be broken.REDUP; to be in pieces.REDUP \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx noqš \rd noqnoqš \a nokš \a noxš \va (nokš. noxš) \ps v \ge broken, be \ge pieces, to be in \de to be broken; to be in pieces \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv nowontʔiy \pde to stand (erect).CIS; to be standing.CIS; to stop.CIS \sy kla \cf inoqš \ce to cut down (a tree) \cf konoqš \ce to cut (as with a knife) \cf ninoqš \ce to break by pulling; to break with the hands \cf noqšutš \ce to have the property of being broken \cf nunowo \ce to stand up holding \cf oxnoqš \ce to cut with one’s teeth; to break with one’s teeth \cf oxtonowotš \ce to be clean of chaff \cf suwatinoqš \ce to break by jerking \cf suyanoqš \ce to try to chop \cf suyawinoqš \ce to try to chop \cf šapinoqš \ce to break with fire \cf šutšʔinoqš \ce to groove around (horizontally); to make a (horizontal) groove around \cf tołnokš \ce to embrace with the arms \cf tšʔinoqš \ce groove \cf watinoqš \ce to stop raining \cf watʔinoxš \ce to break of its own accord \cf winoqšəʔəš \ce ax \cf wonoqš \ce to be banded; to have one stripe around the body \xv 1. tšnokš \xe 'it is in pieces.' \xv 2. tšnoqš \xe '[the string] is broken in one place.' \xv 3. tšnoqnoqš \xe 'the net is all broken.' \xv 4. tšišnokš heʔisʔəłʔəʔəł \xe 'he has his two legs cut off.' \xv 5. tšoqnoqš hekakitsʔyutinhət \xe 'my wood carrying band is all broken.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.214.2-216.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx noqšutš \ps v \ge have the property of being broken \ge broken, have the property of being \de to have the property of being broken \mr [] \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \xv 1. lokašnoqšutš kapon̓ \xe 'the stick that is broken.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.216.4-217.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx noqʔots \ps n \ge iron \ge metal \de iron; metal \gn fierro \dn fierro \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI noqʼoc ‘iron’ (Whistler 1980: 20) (See also Yokuts nokʼocʼ ‘iron’ Whistler 1980: 20) \xv 1. kitata sinoqʔots lokawiwiłpimu \xe 'I pounded the iron on the place they always pound on.' \sd elements \lg JPH \rf 90.217.2-3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx nownowo \ps v \ge stand (erect).REDUP \ge standing, be.REDUP \ge stop.REDUP \de to stand (erect).REDUP; to be standing.REDUP; to stop.REDUP \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nowo \rd nownowo \ph ˈnɔwɔ \a nowò \a nowon \va (nowon-) \ps v \ge stand (erect) \ge standing, be \ge stop \de to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv nowontʔiy \pde to stand (erect).CIS; to be standing.CIS; to stop.CIS \cf alinowo \ce to stand at the edge of; to be standing erect \cf axinowo \ce to move quickly while vertical \cf kʔilinowo \ce to stand quickly; to get up quickly from a sitting or lying position \cf moxnowo \ce to stand upright in a bunch \cf nowonəʔəš \ce custom \cf nowonmu \ce pasture \cf nunowo \ce to stand up holding \cf oxtoponowo \ce to blow dust; to have a dust-wind \cf piłnowo \ce to move with jumps \cf qululowo \ce to have pain in one’s trunk \cf quntinowo \ce to shoot straight up; to gush straight up \cf saxinowo \ce to place vertically by ramming into the ground \cf simoxnowo \ce to erect \cf sinowo \ce to erect; to stop (a moving vehicle) \cf sinowonmu \ce stable; place to stand \cf soxtonowo \ce to winnow \cf soxtoponowo \ce to stir up dust \cf šoxtonowotš \ce to toss wheat; to winnow wheat \cf toyonowo \ce to stand on one’s head \cf tsʔinowo \ce to be steep \cf uqtnowo \ce to burn straight upwards \cf utinowo \ce to quickly stand up; to erect onself quickly \cf watinowo \ce to stop briefly \cf wošnowo \ce ?to traverse while rising up \cf xilinowo \ce to be a loafer \cf xołxołnowo \ce to move with jumps \cf xołxonowo \ce to jump \xv 1. tšnowo \xe 'he stops' (said of a man walking). \xv 2. tšnowontiʔiy siʔikmen \xe 'the wave comes standing high.' \xv 3. tšnowo hesikʔoxwo \xe 'my hair stood on end (when I was scared).' \xv 4. huknowo, hukʰkəyəmi \xe 'I have to get up and straighten out.' \xv 5. ya nowo, lakʰan nowo, lakʰan ! \xe 'stop, just stop!' (said to someone walking). \xv 6. kaneʔeʔé kašnowo kaneʔeʔé lokasununanmu \xe 'it was near to the beginning place that it stood.' \xv 7. kay ʔan tšnownowonwaš kahe salitakuy sirifle \xe 'I am seated holding a gun.' \xv 8. lokapistuk ʔan tšnowo heʔismitəpə ʔisʔap kikasʔip ə̨ \xe 'the squirrel stands at the mouth of his hole and says ə̨.' \xv 9. tšnowo hekakʰkawayu, kikamušʰuyanaʔał, kušušmaxyət ʔan tsʰukunoywu heʔispu kimušaluškʔəy, kinupan tsʰuyaxšilit \xe 'my horse stopped and did not want to go, I kept pulling him but he planted his front feet in front of him and tried to bite me too.' \lg JPH; TJPH \sd common \sd stative \rf 90.65.4, 218.4-222.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx nowonəʔəš \ps n \ge custom \de custom \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. kasinowonəʔəš ʔisiyʔuwlilo ʔan tsimaqmaqutinaʔał \xe 'it is their custom to feast as they run along' (said of wolves eating cattle). \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.222.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nowonmu \ps n \ge pasture \de pasture \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \mr [] \xv 1. hukušołwúʔu hesikʰkawayu loʔisinowonmu kałʔəhə šitaštaʔaš \xe 'I am going to leave my horses in the pasture.' \sd animals \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.222.4; 94.393.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx noxš \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \sd variations \dt 18/Jul/2011 \lx nu- \a na- \va (na-) \ps vpre \ge COM \de comitative prefix \ee Applegate (1972: 332) calls this prefix ‘concomitant action, denoting action ‘done along with some object or person, or while doing something else.’ Prefix marked as COM. Prefix may have originated from an instrumental affix meaning by/with the hands as this meaning is apparent in some words. \cf naʔakawayu \ce to do on horseback \cf napəti \ce to carry up \cf napiyət \ce to be intense; to be strong \cf naqiwəwə \ce to carry while swimming \cf naqutikat \ce to be inconvenienced by; to be disturbed by; to be bothered by \cf nəməkəʔə \ce to carry far out/away \cf nukitwo \ce to carry out \cf nukum \ce to arrive bringing; to come bringing \cf nukumi \ce to arrive home bringing smth \cf nukumpiyaš \ce dance (type) \cf nukunoʔoy \ce to guide smn \cf numiš2 \ce to cry for; to get by means of crying \cf nunaʔał \ce to carry; to take \cf nunali \ce to carry home \cf nunaxyəʔət \ce to do all night; to work all night \cf nunikʔoli \ce to take back (again) \cf nunikʔotiʔiy \ce to bring back again \cf nunowo \ce to stand up holding \cf nuqisə \ce to attend to \cf nutałtutš \ce to take hold of with both hands \cf nutiyepšeši \ce to confess one to another \cf nuwalanałnaʔał \ce to carry around \cf nuwałnaʔał \ce to leave angry/discontented \cf nuwantspakeʔet \ce to take with one hand \cf nuxaxanpi \ce to place/have confidence in smn/smth; to abide by \cf nuxoyoyo \ce to fly while carrying \cf sunełhew \ce to carry on one's back \cf tinawayutš \ce to tell about ancient things \cf ušnupnupaha \ce to make noise \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH; RBA; IM \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nukitwo \ps v \ge carry out \de to carry out \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv nukitwonli \pde to carry out.DIR \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. knukitwo \xe 'I carry an object from inside to outside.' \xv 2. knukitwo sixəp \xe 'I carry a stone out.' \xv 3. kuqmantštəkš kikanawa ktšoho ʔan knukitwo hekoʔo kikwatšʔəw \xe 'I washed my face (and hands) and when I finished I carried the water out doors and threw it out.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.224.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nukum \ps v \ge arrive bringing \ge come bringing \de to arrive bringing; to come bringing \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf nukumi \ce to arrive home bringing smth \cf nukumpiyaš \ce dance (type) \xv 1. knukum \xe 'I arrive bringing it.' \xv 2. tšnukum sitiyepeš sinupan \xe 'he brings the news from the place he comes from.' \xv 3. huknukunoyuswu huknukumlinwu tšwayək (Ϟor ʔiwayəkʔə) \xe 'I am going to guide them to Los Pitos.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.225.1-226.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx nukumi \ps v \ge arrive home bringing smth \de to arrive home bringing smth \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumi \ce to arrive at one’s home; to come home; to arrive \cf nukum \ce to arrive bringing; to come bringing \xv 1. knukumi sikawayu \xe 'I arrived at the house here with a horse.' \xv 2. kʔuwe numiš ʔisʔəhə saʔałtšum saʔałtšnukumi \xe 'but he always brings back a lot of money.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd locations \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.225.1, 3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx nukumpiyaš \ps n \ge dance (type) \de dance (type) \ee This dance was composed of three songs, because the dance was too hard on the dancers; the dance was in a language of the old people known only to themselves. The language was never taught to others; if a person took toloache and he showed faith, the old people would teach him all those old things. Fernando was familiar with them. and they never taught him. They were afraid secrets about poisons, etc., would be given away; they feared they would be taken and punished and maybe burned at the stake. \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf nukum \ce to arrive bringing; to come bringing \sd culture \sd songs \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.202.1, 205 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nukunoʔoy \a nukunoy \va (nukunoy-) \ps v \ge guide smn \de to guide smn \mr [] \cf kunoʔoy \ce to go ahead; to lead; to guide \xv 1. knukunoyił \xe 'I guided you.' \xv 2. knukunoʔoy \xe 'I guided him.' \xv 3. kałnukunoʔoy \xe 'I guided them' (or went in front). \xv 4. huknukunoyus hešaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to guide this man.' \xv 5. huknukunoyuswu hesixʔanxʔanwa \xe 'I am going to guide these women.' \xv 6. huknukunoyuswu hešaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to guide these men.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.226.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx numayəʔə \ps v \ge do all day \de to do all day \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \xv 1. tšnumayəʔə ʔišnəw \xe 'it sings all the day.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.227.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx numiš \a numìš \hm 1 \ps vprcl \ge anyway \de anyway \ee This verbal particle indicates a situation contrary to the normal/expected outcome. \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ numiš ‘after all; anyway’ (Applegate 1972: 426-427) \xv 1. numiš ʔispilinaʔał heʔismaʔam siqas kikawaspilikitwoniʔiy kikawaspilitapiniʔiy heʔismaʔam siqas \xe 'it always runs under the sand, it emerges and sinks again.' \xv 2. kʔuwe numis ͼ[sic.] ʔisʔəhə saʔałtšum saʔałtšnukumi \xe 'but he always brings back a lot of money.' \xv 3. lanumiš silasʔił saʔałtšutšoho ʔištišəpəš \xe 'there is always one that tells other stories.' \xv 4. lokaʔałhaputš ʔan payikʔula ʔəhə hałtšyaqškuwaxanpi ʔan numiš ʔisiyʔuw \xe 'they eat meat even though it is maggoty.' \xv 5. kišušʔałtə lokoʔo kalʔamyikus kikasaqmił ʔan tsaxʔəhəʔəʔən kikasʰaqmilus lokaštałhəw. ʔoxšoləš, kʔuwe numiš ʔisaqmił \xe 'and there received water which they gave her to drink and [she] drank of it accordingly and she gave some to her child. it was urine, but she drank it nevertheless.' \xv 6. musʔił hałʔalxułtsʔəy payikʔulaštołmow ʔan numiš tsʔuw \xe 'he is not easily disgusted by food (or fussy with food), he eats any rotten stuff.' \xv 7. lakʰan ʔisqisə payikʔulahuki ʔan tsapuʔuw, mulašaqutšiəʔəʔətš ʔan nimiš ʔisapuʔuw sułqisə \xe 'the hen pecks quickly, she is not very smart but nevertheless grans her food.' \sd pronouns \sd vparticles \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.227.3, 228.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx numiš \hm 2 \ps v \ge cry for \ge get by means of crying \de to cry for; to get by means of crying \mr [] \cf miš \ce to cry \xv 1. no ʔan knumiš lokaʔuwmu \xe 'I cried for my food.' \xv 2. knumiš lokapʰpoš \xe 'I cry for your heart.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.227.3-4 \dt 11/Feb/2018 \lx nuna \ps v \ge come from \de to come from \ee Note that with the locative applicative this verb indicates that one as come from an area, though the person is not stating that they are regular inhabitant of that area. \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv nunapi \pde to come from.APL.LOC \pdv nunatiʔiy \pde to come from.CIS \cf ʔałnuna \ce to be born in; to be coming from \cf apinuna \ce to come from suddenly \cf ninuna \ce to get; to fetch \cf nunašəš \ce devil; demon; wild animal \cf sununa \ce to begin; to start \cf sununanmu \ce start; beginning \xv 1. knunapi mitsqanaqan \xe 'I left from Ventura.' \xv 2. tšnunapi hešaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'this man is not from my house.' \xv 3. nełpnuna \xe 'where do you come from?' \xv 4. knunapi \xe 'I am from (Santa Inés)' (I merely set out from there but am not an inhabitant of there). \xv 5. ʔatapliʔiš kašnuna \xe 'he comes from the East.' \xv 6. tšnunatiʔiy \xe 'he comes here.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.234.4; 90.228.4-230.4; Coyo82 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nunaʔał \a nunaʔàł \a nunàʔàł \a nunał \a nunal \va (nunal-, nunał-) \ps v \ge carry \ge take \de to carry; to take \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv nunalin \pde to carry.DIR; to take.DIR \cf mun \ce to carry; to charge (a fine) \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf nunali \ce to carry home \cf nuwalanałnaʔał \ce to carry around \xv 1. nunaluw ! \xe 'carry it on foot to him!' \xv 2. knunaʔał \xe 'I carry a thing.' \xv 3. huknunaʔał \xe 'I am going to carry it.' \xv 4. tšə nunaʔał ! \xe 'be gone, carry it along!' \xv 5. tšnunaʔał šaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'a man took her.' \xv 6. nipsuyanunaliʔit mišopšno ? \xe 'do you want to take me to Carpinteria?' \xv 7. nelupnetus hałhupnunaʔał ? \xe 'how are you going to carry it?' \xv 8. huknunaʔał lokatsʔohoy kaʔap \xe 'I am going to carry it to the other house.' \xv 9. tšnunałwu saʔaqtəwəw sitsʔəmə \xe 'the wind carries the clouds.' \xv 10. muhupinunaʔał losipiʔapʔaʔap \xe 'do not bring water to your house.' \xv 11. hesixəp ʔan huknunaʔał lokakʔap \xe 'I am going to carry this stone home.' \xv 12. kilakəkš lokasitełteleʔeq kakałnunalinwu \xe 'I only took their tails home.' \xv 13. tsisnunaʔał sułʔuw kasulaqmił lokašištałhəw \xe 'they brought her food and drink.' \xv 14. hukʰnunaʔał hesixəp ʔiti sikʰqit kayuknunaʔał \xe 'I am going to carry this stone held against the small of my back.' \xv 15. hesuʔutʔam ʔan tšnunałwuʔu šimišup kasiponpoʔon̓ \xe 'this river requires many stakes.' \xv 16. kuštəł suʔuštšʔəmənəš saʔałtšum, kiksukitwo, knunaʔał lokakʔap \xe 'I found the bured treasure, I got it and took it home.' \xv 17. lokaʔo ʔan tseqeqweł ʔisxʔomoho, tsnunałwuʔu siqas kasixəpxəʔəp, tsaputiseqe siqas \xe 'the water makes a hollow or hole, it carries away the sand and rocks, it removes the sand.' \xv 18. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \xv 19. huknunaluʔus hesikʰkawayu lokaʔelelu, kuhusʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tskeseqenus heʔismaʔam ʔištoy̓ kinupan kasʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu,, tšwišutapinwu siklawus lokasʔeqenmu \xe 'I am going to take my horse to the blacksmith, he is going to shoe him, he cuts away the part under the hoof and nails the shoe on.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.121.3, 232.2-237.2; 94.121.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nunali \a nunalí \a nunalì \a nunaʔli \a nunalu \a nunalin \va (nunaʔli, nunalin-, nunalu-) \ps v \ge carry home \de to carry home \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf naʔali \ce to go home; to go in a certain direction \cf nunaʔał \ce to carry; to take \xv 1. huknunaʔli \xe 'I am going to carry it home.' \xv 2. kušmohop kiknunali \xe 'I scraped it together and I carried it home.' \xv 3. knunalinwu maʔam lokakušqoyi \xe 'I am going to carry it home.' \sd verbs \sd household \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.237.3-238.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nunašəš \rd nununašəʔəš \ps n \ge devil \ge demon \ge animal, wild \de devil; demon; wild animal \gn diablo \dn diablo \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv nunatšətš \pde demon.DIM; devil.DIM; wild animal.DIM \cf nunašəši \ce to be like animals \cf nununašəʔəš \ce wild creatures \cf šiš \ce animal \cf yowyow \ce animal; devil \xv 1. tšʰuyulišit lokanunašəš \xe 'the devil wants to take me.' \xv 2. kasułkuw ʔan kʔatəšwətš sinunašəš \xe 'I dreamed of the devil.' \xv 3. tsʔił sinunašəš siyʔatʔap simuwu, tsaqniʔonyoko ʔan xaxaʔax, ʔan yəlaʔa heʔsisʔamamə ʔan tšišošoy, kahe tsʔił ʔisisa \xe 'there is a sea animal which resembles a shark, it is big, all its body is black, and it has teeth.' \xv 4. heʔšaʔałtapiyuw ʔan nunašəš \xe 'he [the devil] who enters among us' (they said this when eight or ten men were together and an evildoer entered among them). \sd mythology \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.239.3-240.4; Devil2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nunašəši \ps v \ge animals, be like \de to be like animals \mr [] \cf nunašəš \ce devil; demon; wild animal \xv 1. lašinunašəši ʔisiyʔuwlilo, kilašiyušʰo hesiplatu musiyexe \xe 'the people are eating their meal like so many animals, they leave it on their plates, they do not eat it up clean.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.241.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx nunatšətš \rd nununatšəʔətš \ps n \ge animal, small \de small animal \ee This refers to animals such as insects and frogs. \mr [] \cf nunašəš \ce devil; demon; wild animal \xv 1. lokamakał ʔan tšulišwu sinunatšəʔətš siʔiʔalalixoyoyo sinawa sułkuw \xe 'the bat catches night-flying insects.' \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.241.3-242.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx nunaxyəʔət \a nunaxyəʔə̀tʰ \ps v \ge do all night \ge work all night \de to do all night; to work all night \mr [] \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. kinunaxyəʔət \xe 'we work and stay up all night working.' \xv 2. huknunaxyəʔət \xe 'I am going to sit up all night.' \xv 3. tsinunaxyəʔət ʔisiyʔuwit \xe 'they bit me all night.' \xv 4. kisiyiwonwon sinunaxyəʔət \xe 'the mosquitoes sing all night.' \xv 5. knunaxyəʔət sikwaqšikušaš \xe 'I was working all night.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.238.4-239.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx nunikʔoli \ps v \ge take back (again) \de to take back (again) \mr [] \cf nikʔoli \ce to arrive from and return to \xv 1. nunikʔoli \xe 'take it back [to the store] again' (imp.). \xv 2. huknunikʔoli \xe 'I brought it here and I took it back again.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.242.2; 92.868.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx nunikʔotiʔiy \ps v \ge bring back again \de to bring back again \mr [] \xv 1. tšnunikʔotiʔiy \xe 'he brought it back here again.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.242.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx nunit \ps n \ge grape, wild \de wild grape \xv 1. tsqʰoqʰo ʔinunit \xe 'a bunch of wild grapes.' \xv 2. kaqunpakeʔet lokasqʰoqʰo kanunit \xe 'I took a bunch of wild grapes.' \sd food \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.509; 81.63.4; 90.242.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nunowo \ps v \ge stand up holding \de to stand up holding \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. huknunowo hesixəp \xe (I am sitting on a chair or on the floor and) '[I] got up lifting the stone as I do so.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.243.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nununašəʔəš \sg nunašəš \ps n \ge creatures, wild \ge wild creatures \de wild creatures \mr [] \cf nunašəš \ce devil; demon; wild animal \xv 1. kayəlaʔa lokanununašəʔəš kaliyutiyək heʔismaʔam katimew̓ \xe 'and all the animals that were in the rabbit.' \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.239.3, 240.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nununatšəʔətš \ps n \ge animals, small.REDUP \ge small animal.REDUP \de small animal.REDUP \cf nunatšətš \ce small animal \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nunuy \ps v \ge soft, be \de to be soft \cf sununuy \ce to soften smth \xv 1. tšnunuy \xe 'it is soft.' \xv 2. neʔešnunuy \xe 'it is already soft.' \xv 3. heʔišaqšanutš ʔan tšnunuy muspaxalala \xe 'this corpse is soft, it is not stiff.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 90.243.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx nupaʔaʔan \a nupaaàn \va (nupaaan) \ps vimp \ge occurred recently, have \ge recent, be \de to have occurred recently; to be recent \xv 1. kilanupaaàn tsmeleweʔè šiʔšàw̓ \xe 'soon the sun sinks.' \sd vimpersonals \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg AH; TJPH \rf Sun2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nupaaan \cf nupaʔaʔan \ce to have occurred recently; to be recent \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -nupah- \ps vroot \ge newness, related to \ge recentness, related to \de related to newness; related to recentness \cf lunupahan \ce to send out shoots \cf lunupan \ce shoot (of plant) \cf nupahaʔa \ce to be noisy \cf nupan \ce to have occurred recently; to be recent; to be new \cf sunupahani \ce to renovate \cf taninupan \ce to be a short time ago \cf ušnupnupaha \ce to make noise \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nupahaʔa \rd nupnupahaʔa \ps v \ge noisy, be \de to be noisy \ee The relationship with the root, ͽ-nupah- ‘related to newness; related to recentness,’ is unclear. \mr [] \cf ušnupnupaha \ce to make noise \xv 1. kwelexš lokasʔap kʔuwe kakʔamiwu mušnupnupahaʔa munaskuta \xe 'I passed my friend's house but there was no noise' (he had not gotten up). \sd verbs \sd language \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.244.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx nupan \ps vimp \ge occurred recently, have \ge recent, be \ge new, be \de to have occurred recently; to be recent; to be new \ee Used of action that has just happened, action in the immediate past. \mr [] \cf lunupahan \ce to send out shoots \cf lunupan \ce shoot (of plant) \cf sunupahani \ce to renovate \cf taninupan \ce to be a short time ago \xv 1. kasqitəwətsus kinupan tsxiliwasə \xe 'and he was paying much attention to make out...' \xv 2. tšnukum sitiyepeš sinupan \xe 'he brings news from the place he comes from.' \xv 3. nupaʔaʔan ʔiskumi \xe 'he just arrived' ; 'he just now arrived.' \xv 4. lataninupan ʔiskumi \xe 'he arrived only a short time ago.' \xv 5. tšamoxtokokš kinupan tšmaxwaš \xe 'they toast them and then eat them' (said of chapules). \xv 6. kilanupaʔaʔan tskitwo \xe 'and just as soon as he emerges.' \xv 7. nupaʔaʔan ʔisqałkumit sukeqweł siposo \xe 'I just got the idea of digging a well.' \xv 8. hukunikuta lanupaʔanuš naxyət \xe 'I am going to get up tomorrow early.' \xv 9. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan nupan ʔałkum \xe 'this man is a new comer.' \xv 10. lanupaʔaʔan tsmeleweʔe šiʔišaw kikasapətli ʔiswenmu \xe 'as soon as the sun sets it goes to roost.' \xv 11. lamunaməʔək kisqisə lokašʰatiwə ʔan ʔałniwonla kinupan ʔalaxwayi \xe 'he was not long in finding out that his wife was both a lazy person and a glutton.' \xv 12. nupan ʔi ʔawháy̓ \xe 'the moon is new.' \xv 13. nupaʔaʔan ʔisqałkumit sukeqweł siposo \xe 'I just got the idea of digging a well.' \sd vimpersonals \sd pronouns \sd particles \sd chronometry \lg TJPH \rf 89.730.1; 90.243.4-246.1; 92.871.1; Daughter8; Glutton15-16 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nuqisə \ps v \ge attend to \de to attend to \ee Harrington notes that this word is used of attending to work and never of looking at people. \mr [] \sy axʔuqisə \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \xv 1. knuqisə \xe 'I look right at it' ; 'I attend to it.' \xv 2. ʔalamupnuqisə \xe 'perhaps you did not look at it sharp.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.226.4-227.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nut \ps n \ge loon \de loon \ee Described as being 2.5 ft (76.2 cm) long with a white belly, grey back, and slender beak. \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.536.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx nutałtutš \ps v \ge take hold of with both hands \de to take hold of with both hands \mr [] \cf tałtu \ce to grasp two \xv 1. knutałtutš \xe 'I took hold of it with both hands.' \xv 2. huknutałtutš \xe 'I take a double handful' (I use both hands). \xv 3. no ʔan knutałtutš \xe 'I take hold of it with my two hands (as of a broom).' \xv 4. knutałtutšwaš \xe 'I took hold of it with my two hands (as of a broom).' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.24.4, 90.253.4-254.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nutapi \ps v \ge carry into/inside \de to carry into/inside \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. knutapi \xe 'I carry an object from outdoors into the house.' \xv 2. tšnutapinwu hesimuwu \xe 'he carried them into the sea.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.254.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nutiyepšeši \ps v \ge confess one to another \de to confess one to another \mr [] \cf tiyep \ce to inform \xv 1. tšišnutiyepšeši \xe 'they confess to each other.' \sd verbs \sd religion \sd Spanish \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.254.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nuwalanałnaʔał \ps v \ge carry around \de to carry around \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf nunaʔał \ce to carry; to take \cf walanałnaʔał \ce to stumble about (as if /when drunk) \xv 1. no ʔan knuwalanałnaʔał hesixəp \xe 'I carry this stone around walking or dancing.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.255.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nuwałnaʔał \ps v \ge leave angry/discontented \de to leave angry/discontented \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. tšnuwałnaʔał \xe 'he went away discontented.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.255.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nuwantspakeʔet \ps v \ge take with one hand \de to take with one hand \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \xv 1. kuliʔiš knuwantspakeʔet \xe 'I took it with one hand, no more.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.255.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx nuwiyu \ps n \ge young bull \ge bull, young \de young bull \gn novillo \dn novillo \mr [] \sd animals \sd mammals \sd husbandry \sd Spanish \sd loans \lg JPH \rf 71.727.2 \dt 17/Aug/2018 \lx nuxaxanpi \a nuxáxanpì \ps v \ge place confidence in smn/smth \ge have confidence in smn/smth \ge abide by \de to place/have confidence in smn/smth; to abide by \mr [] \sy saxkuy \xv 1. knuxaxanpi loʔkakwop \xe 'I place confidence in my son; I have confidence in my son.' \xv 2. mupnuxáxanpì loʔkapmatʔunuʔuw kapwopoʔwaš \xe '(you) do not have faith in what you have inherited from your grandfather.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.951.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nuxiliwə \ps v \ge shy, be \ge timid, be \ge bashful, be \de to be shy; to be timid; to be bashful \gn vergonoso, estar \dn vergonoso, estar \cf ʔałʔałnuxiliwə \ce bashful person; smn bashful \cf małʔałnuxiliwəłtš \ce unabashed person \cf nuxiliwəłtš \ce to be ashamed; to feel ashamed \cf šušnuxiliwəłtš \ce to shame (smn) \xv 1. ʔałʔałnuxílíwə maʔałʔałtšahašíʔi \xe 'he is very timid to ask for a thing.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 90.246.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx nuxiliwəłtš \a nuxiliwiłtš \ps v \ge ashamed, be \ge feel ashamed \de to be ashamed; to feel ashamed \mr [] \cf małʔałnuxiliwəłtš \ce unabashed person \cf nuxiliwə \ce to be shy; to be timid; to be bashful \cf šušnuxiliwəłtš \ce to shame (smn) \xv 1. knuxiliwəłtš \xe 'I am ashamed.' \xv 2. tšnuxiliwəłtš \xe 'he was ashamed.' \xv 3. mupʰnuxílíwəłtš ? \xe 'have you no shame?' \xv 4. kšušnuxiliwəłtš (lokaxʔanwa) \xe 'I shamed another (woman).' \xv 5. kanawa skitwo lokaxʔanwa tšnuxiliwəłtš kəwə musʔił hałtsʔaxwi \xe 'when the woman had gotten out of the water she felt ashamed because she was naked.' \xv 6. kʔuwe tšʰnuxiliwəłtš \xe 'but she was ashamed.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.246.4; Daughter49 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx nuxitʔisi \a nuxitisi \va (nuxitisi) \ps v \ge sad, be \de to be sad \xv 1. pnuxitisi \xe 'you are sad.' \xv 2. tšnuxitʔisi loʔišpoš \xe 'he was sad in his heart.' \xv 3. šaʔalištaxan lokaʔałnuxitʔisi \xe 'comfort the sad.' \xv 4. knuxitisi \xe 'I am sad.' \xv 5. neʔekunexmeš \xe 'I have no hope, I am astray.' \xv 6. muštšum šikpoš \xe 'my heart is sad.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd stative \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.248.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx nuxnuʔuxš \ps n \ge nose.REDUP \de nose.REDUP \cf nuxš \ce nose \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jul/2011 \lx nuxoyoyo \ps v \ge fly while carrying \de to fly while carrying \mr [] \cf xoyoyo \ce to fly \xv 1. tšnuxoyoyonwu \xe 'he carries them 2+ while flying through the air' (as eagle might carry two chickens). \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx nuxš \rd nuxnuʔuxš \ps n \ge nose \de nose \gn nariz \dn nariz \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI noxš ‘nose; beak,’ CRZ iščono ‘nose,’ INZ noxš ‘nose; beak of bird; point (of tool) (Beeler 1978: 181; Klar 1977: 109; SYBCI 2007: 251) \cf ʔałtipnuxš \ce big-nosed person \cf ʔespʔet \ce to be broad; to be flat \cf ʔułyi \ce to be long; to be tall \cf manaxš \ce to snuff smth \cf niwał \ce to pierce; to perforate \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \cf qnowowo \ce to be short \cf qułktšnuy \ce to turn up one’s nose at \cf tałtšnuxš \ce to grasp smn's nose \cf tipišnuxš \ce to be a snot-nosed brat; to be a pipsqueak \cf tʔetek \ce to be broad/flat \cf utitšnunux \ce to fall headlong; to fall over one’s head \xv 1. siknuxš \xe 'my nose.' \xv 2. išnuxš \xe 'mucous.' \xv 3. tspʔow ʔišnuxš \xe 'his nose is crooked.' \xv 4. ʔałʔoyi ʔišnuxš \xe 'he has a wry nose.' \xv 5. heʔiswał šiknuxš \xe 'my nostrils.' \xv 6. tswał ʔišnuxš (Ϟor heʔiswał siknuxš) \xe 'hole of his nose.' \xv 7. kilokaswałwaʔał kašnuxš \xe 'the holes of his nose.' \xv 8. ksukitwo sikišnuxš \xe 'I took out a poker from my nose.' \xv 9. hukuliʔiš hešiknuxš, kimuhukyutʔuxš hałwaxanəš \xe 'I am going to hold my nose so I won’t smell the feces.' \xv 10. tsisukitwonwu lokasʔaxpilił heʔišinuxnuʔuxš \xe 'the pigs root up roots with their noses.' \xv 11. heʔišnuxš hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tseqpeyus ʔisʰixway̓ sikwitš \xe 'this man has a nose like a sparrowhawk’s claw.' \xv 12. tšinuxš \xe 'their noses.' \xv 13. ʔułʔułyi ʔišinuxš \xe 'they have big noses.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 90.249.4-253.4; 94.347.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nuy \ps n \ge rust \ge pollen \de rust; pollen \gn mojo \dn mojo \et *nuyu \ec Compare BOI nuy ‘dirt; grim; rust,’ INZ nuy-ič ‘dirt,’ OBI šišnuyu ‘to get dirty’ (Klar 1977: 82) \cf nuyitš \ce to be rusty \xv 1. lokašnuy \xe 'the rust.' \xv 2. tsʰin lokašnuy kaspeʔey kinupan loʔisʔiko tsʰupołkwo tsʰuteqpey loʔisʔiko \xe 'it takes the pollen of the flower and it makes it into a ball and sticks it on its hip.' \sd elements \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 90.224.2, 651.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx nuyam \ps v \ge carry down \ge bring down \de to carry down; to bring down \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv nuyamli \pde to carry down.DIR; to bring down.DIR \pdv nuyamti \pde to carry down.CIS; to bring down.CIS \cf napəti \ce to carry up \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. knuyam \xe 'I carry an object down from above.' \xv 2. no ʔan huknuyam \xe 'I have brought it down.' \xv 3. tšnuyamtinwu \xe 'he carried them down.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.223.2-224.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx nuyitš \ps v \ge rusty, be \de to be rusty \mr [] \cf nuy \ce rust; pollen \xv 1. tšnuyitš \xe 'it is rusty' (said of iron). \sd stative \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.224.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ohotš \ps v \ge scold \de to scold \xv 1. kʔuwe tšohotšit sipakəwaš \xe 'but an old man scolded me.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd language \lg JPH \rf 90.261.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ołhop \a ohop \va (ohop) \ps vroot \de of things together \cf ikołhop \ce to be piled up; to pile \cf sumohop \ce to invite; to make gather together \cf ušmołhop \ce to pile together \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \rf \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ołkʔoli \ps v \ge go around smth \de to go around smth \cf suyołkʔoli \ce to want to go around smth \xv 1. hesitolu ʔan tsʔił tšaʔaliyaš ʔan tsxmen lokašə kika musiyam kəwə tšʰəhətš. tsʔił sikuw̓ ʔan tsiyołkʔoli kika siyuliʔiš lokaʔaliyaš \xe 'at El Toro was a road and the bank and they did not go down that place for it was steep. there was liveoak, and they turned out around it and got the road again.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH \rf 90.275.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oqkʰonono \cf oxkʰonono \ce to grunt \sd variations \dt 20/Aug/2013 \lx oqmow \ps v \ge crowd (on/at) \de to crowd (on/at) \xv 1. tsiyoqmow \xe 'there are many [people in the house].' \xv 2. tsiyoqmow lokapon̓ \xe 'the worms are all close together in one place on the board.' \xv 3. tšiyaqtšum saʔan hesipawapaw \xe 'these flies like blood.' \xv 4. tsiyoqmow sipawapaw hesaʔałxili \xe 'the flies are standing thick all over this grease.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 90.265.4-266.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oqoqo \cf ʔoqoqʰo \ce to cough \sd variations \dt 16/Jun/2018 \lx oqspololo \cf oxspololo \ce to yell while slapping hand over mouth; to gobble \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oqšonowo \ps v \ge ?tread \de ?to tread \ee Consultant was slightly ambivalent about the well formedness of this word, but ultimately decided it was a “good word” \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. koqšonowo sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I am treading water.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.267.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oqto- \ps vpre \cf aqta- \ce by air; through the air \sd variations \dt 16/Jun/2018 \lx oqtomoy \ps v \ge singe the hair off a skunk \de to singe the hair off a skunk \xv 1. hukoqtomoy \xe 'I am going to singe the hair off of the skunk.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 90.267.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oqtopohokʔitš \ps v \ge show off (before others) \ge swell and subside \de to show off (before others); to swell and subside \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaloqtopohokʔitš \pde to show off (before others).NZ; to swell and subside.NZ \cf ʔaloqtopohoʔkitš \ce turkey \xv 1. koqʰtopohokʔitš \xe 'I show off before people.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.457.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oqtopołkwowo \ps v \ge move by rolling \de to move by rolling \ee Harrington notes that this is said of something spherical. \mr [] \cf połkwowo \ce to be round; to be spheroid \xv 1. tsoqtopołkwowo \xe 'it goes rolling like a ball and is spherical.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 90.269.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oqtopoyho \a oqtopoyhon \va (oqtopoyhon-) \ps v \ge blow on/at \de to blow on/at \mr [] \cf oxtopoyo \ce to stoke by blowing \xv 1. koqtopoyho \xe 'I blew on' (many feathers in the air). \xv 2. hukoqtopoyho \xe 'I am going to blow.' \xv 3. hukoqtopoyho hesipawapaw \xe 'I am going to blow at this fly.' \xv 4. hukoqtopoyho hesikʔoqtowoł \xe 'I am going to blow my flute.' \xv 5. lokaʔaqtəwəw ʔan tsoqtopoyhonwaš kaštapinə \xe 'the wind was blowing yesterday.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 90.268.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oqtowolitš \a oxtowolitš \va (oxtowolitš) \ps v \ge play flute \ge flute, play \de to play flute \mr [] \cf ʔoxtowoł \ce windpipe; trachea \xv 1. no ʔan kšutšoho šikoqtowolitš \xe 'I learned to play the flute.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksaqsumu sikoqtowolitš \xe 'I begin to learn to play the flute.' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.306.3; 92.891.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oqtoxoyoyo \ps v \ge fly with the wind \de to fly with the wind \ee This was a euphemism for being drunk. \mr [] \cf xoyoyo \ce to fly \xv 1. hukoqtoxoyoyo \xe 'I am going to fly with the wind' (said of being drunk). \sd verbs \sd body \sd motion \sd health \sd idioms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.269.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oqwoli \ph ɔqʰwɔlɪ \a oqʰwoli \cf ʔoqwolinaʔaš \ce business; penis (idiomtic translation) \se I \ps n \ge business \ge thought \ge opinion \de business; thought; opinion \xv 1. lokakoqwoli \xe 'my thoughts, ideas.' \xv 2. tšaquntukʰš lokakiyoqʰwoli \xe 'our opinion is knotted' (said when no one can solve our problem). \xv 3. tšaquntukʰš lokasiyoqʰwoli loka’apənəšmu \xe 'our village is caught up in thinking about things.' \xn 'embarrañada el asunto del pueblo.' \se II \ps v \ge plot \ge imagine \ge think \de to plot; to imagine; to think \xv 1. nehet tsip hałpoqwoli \xe 'how's your imagination?' \xv 2. no ʔan hukoqwoli \xe 'I am going to plot/think.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 3.72.823.2, 90.274.4; Daughter10 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx otoyi \a otoyì \a otoy̓i \a otoy̓ì \ph ɔˈtɔjɪ \va (otoʔyi, otoyin-) \ps v \ge lie down \de to lie down \et *toy̓ ~ *ton̓ \ec Compare BOI toyʼin ‘to lie down,’ INZ so-toyʼin ‘to lie down,’ OBI łtoʼ ‘to lie down’ (Klar 1977: 94-95) \cf ʔoyi \ce to be to one side; to be twisted; to be crooked \cf alotoyi \ce to lie at; to be at \cf sotoyi \ce to lay smth/smn down \cf otoyinutš \ce where smn/smth lies \cf wošʔotoyi \ce to be laid out \xv 1. otoyi ! \xe 'lie down!' \xv 2. no ʔan kotoyi \xe 'I lay down.' \xv 3. no ʔan kwatilala kikakotoyi kikakwe \xe 'I was tired, I lay down and went to sleep.' \xv 4. no ʔan kotoyi heʔismaʔam sikuw̓ ʔan nelasapiyampiyit šiyʔixpanəš hesiktəq \xe 'I slept under an oak tree and an acorn fell down and hit me on the face.' \xv 5. losəʔəqəy ʔan musiyotoyi, tsiyalinowo kikasiwe \xe 'the chickens don’t lie down, they sleep standing.' \xv 6. neʔeskuʔum lokayusotoyi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'the time arrived that the woman was about to go to bed.' \xv 7. huknaʔał losalotoyinpi lokakʰqoqo \xe 'I am going to the grave of my father' (lit. 'where my father lies'). \xv 8. kalotoyi hešikyəwəš ʔan tsaqutikumelus milimoł \xe 'I am lying with my head toward the north.' \xv 9. heʔispat masəx sitšwiw saliyotoyi \xe 'there are three birds in this nest.' \xv 10. hukotoyinpi hukwe \xe 'I am going to lie (on the mat), I am going to sleep.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.310.2-312.3; 94.398.1; Travels25 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx otoyinutš \ps n \ge where smn/smth lies \ge lies, where smn/smth \de where smn/smth lies \mr [] \cf otoyi \ce to lie down \xv 1. tšʰošoy lokašotoyinutš \xe 'where it lies is black.' \xv 2. tšʰušošoy sixayanəš \xe 'he made the bed black.' \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.312.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ox- \cf aq-1 \ce with the mouth \sd variations \dt 19/Jul/2011 \lx oxkoho \cf oxkʔoho \ce to thunder \sd variations \dt 19/Jul/2011 \lx oxkon \ps v \ge kneel (down) \de to kneel (down) \xv 1. tsiyoxkon \xe 'they knelt down.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg TJPH \rf 90.281.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx oxkonono \cf oxkʰonono \ce to grunt \sd variations \dt 23/Feb/2011 \lx oxkʰonono \a oxkonono \a oqkʰonono \va (oqkʰonono, oxkonono) \ps v \ge grunt \de to grunt \mr [] \cf ʔałʔaloxkʰonono \ce snorer; smn who snores \xv 1. tsoxkonono lokakotše \xe 'the pig grunts.' \xv 2. ʔaloxkonono \xe 'grunter; snorer.' \xv 3. kʰan ʔisamsunapay ʔan tsoxkʰonono \xe 'when they pull it out it grunts.' \xv 4. tsamtənus ʔaloxkʰonono kəwə kanawa ʔamsunapay ʔan tsoxkʰonono \xe 'it is called snorer because when they pull it out of the water it grunts.' \xv 5. lokakatu ʔan soxkonono \xe 'the cat is purring.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.283.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oxkʔoho \a oxkoho \va (oxkoho) \ps v \ge thunder \de to thunder \cf ʔoxkʔoho \ce thunder \xv 1. tsoxkʔoho \xe 'it thunders.' \sd verbs \sd nature \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 90.282.4; 91.256.3 \dt 03/Apr/2015 \lx oxlok \ps v \ge chew \ge mouthful of food, have a \de to chew; to have a mouthful of food \xv 1. hukoxlok \xe 'I am going to chew.' \xv 2. hukoxlokš \xe 'I am going to chew.' \xv 3. no ʔan koxlok \xe 'I have a mouthful in my mouth, chewing it.' \xv 4. tsoxlok saʔayakʰa \xe 'the spider has a mouthful' (as he would when eating). \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 90.284.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oxlolo \va (oxlolon-) \ps v \ge groan to frighten smn \ge make a groan to frighten smn \de to make a groan to frighten smn \xv 1. koxlolonus \xe 'I made a groan to scare him.' \xv 2. no ʔan koxlolo \xe 'I say ō' (said of making a groan-like sound to scare somebody). \sd verbs \sd language \sd onomatopoeia \rf 90.284.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oxmoʔoł \ps v \ge go to the sweathouse \ge sweathouse, go to the \de to go to the sweathouse \mr [] \cf ʔaloxmoł \ce to heat oneself in a sweathouse \cf oxmoł \ce to become warm \xv 1. kiyoxmoʔoł \xe 'we’re going to the sweathouse' ; 'let’s got to the sweathouse.' \xv 2. kayusiyoxmoʔoł sipakpakəwaš \xe 'the old men are right now going to the sweathouse.' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd places \sd heat \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.286.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oxmoł \ps v \ge warm, become \de to become warm \ee This verb is not used of being warm from clothes or from the weather. \et *mol \ec Compare INZ oxmol ‘to warm self,’ OBI qumo ‘to warm self’ (Klar 1977: 114-115) \cf ʔaloxmoł \ce to heat oneself in a sweathouse \cf apaqša \ce to be hot from the weather \cf oxmoʔoł \ce to go to the sweathouse \cf uxtišaw \ce to be warm \xv 1. hukoxmoł \xe 'I am going to warm myself at the fire.' \sd senses \sd verbs \sd inchoatives \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 90.285.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oxmow \ps v \ge bunched on top of, be \de to be bunched on top of \xv 1. puʔpú ʔan tštapi saʔałmam̓útš sipón̓ [kanawa štapi] kiskitwo [ʔan tsiyoxmow si pawapáw̓ heʔišyəwəš] \xe 'roadrunner entered a hallow of wood (?sticks) [when he entered] and he went out [flies were bunched on his head].' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.1086.1/Roadrunner4-7 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oxmoy \ps v \ge stingy, be \de to be stingy \ee The meaning of this verb is assumed from the nominalized form. \cf ʔaloxmoy \ce miser; stingy person \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 90.285.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx oxnonok \ps v \ge kiss \de to kiss \xv 1. hukoxnonok \xe 'I am going to kiss.' \xv 2. hukoxnonokił \xe 'I am going to give you a kiss / I am going to kiss you.' \xv 3. oxnonokit hesikpo \xe 'kiss me on the cheek.' \xv 4. hukoxnonok hesixʔanwa \xe 'I am going to kiss this woman.' \sd body \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.109.2; 90.288.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oxnoqš \a oxnoqs \va (oxnoqs-) \ps v \ge cut with one’s teeth \ge break with one’s teeth \de to cut with one’s teeth; to break with one’s teeth \mr [] \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \xv 1. koxnoqš \xe 'I cut (string) with my teeth.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukoxnoqš \xe 'I am going to cut it with my teeth.' \xv 3. koxnoksus \xe 'I cut something with my teeth to give him some.' \xv 4. tsamoxnoqsus \xe 'they cut off a certain measure [of abalorio] for him.' \xv 5. kišoxnoqšəši \xe 'they two cut themselves with their teeth.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.286.4-287.3; 94.356.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oxonəšpi \cf oxonišpi \ce to be afraid of \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oxonišpi \a oxonəšpi \va (oxonəšpi) \ps v \ge afraid of, be \de to be afraid of \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaloxonišpi \pde to be afraid of.NZ \cf itəmə \ce to be afraid; to be scared (?timid) \cf itəwə \ce ?to be wild \xv 1. koxonišpi \xe 'I fear him.' \xv 2. mukoxonišpi \xe 'I am not afraid.' \xv 3. hihiʔi̥, oxonišpiyit ! \xe 'yes, yes, be afraid of me!' \xv 4. no ʔan koxonišpi sikaqša \xe 'I am afraid to die.' \xv 5. tšiyoxonəšpiwu lokahaw̓ \xe 'they are afraid of the fox.' \xv 6. tšoxonišpiyit \xe 'he fears me.' \xv 7. ʔapoxonəšpiyit ! \xe 'do not fear me!' \xv 8. neʔemusiyoxonišpiyiyuw \xe 'he is no longer afraid of us.' \xv 9. kanawa musʔił hałʔaloxonišpi \xe 'when there is nothing to be afraid of.' \xv 10. hesikuhkuʔu ʔan tšiyoxonišpi sitaxama kəwə tšuxš ʔišoxšoł. naštəʔəʔə tšitowš kisʔip, "pakeʔet tsyət sitaxama," kikalasiyalinowo \xe 'the Indians feared the skunk for its urine stinks. when they were fighting some one would say, "there comes the skunk," and they just stood.' \xv 11. ʔəhə saliyoxonišpiwu \xe 'they have many enemies' (said of chickens). \sd emotions \sd common \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.70; 90.289.2-292.2 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx oxotš \ps v \ge argue with \ge quarrel with \de to argue with; to quarrel with \cf suyaxotš \ce to want to argue with; to want to quarrel with \xv 1. ʔinapoxotšit (Ϟor mupsuyaxotšit) ! \xe 'do not quarrel with me!' \sd verbs \sd common \sd language \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 90.292.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oxoxtokow \ps v \ge snow.REDUP \de to snow.REDUP \cf oxtokow̓ \ce to snow \sd reduplications \dt 19/Jul/2011 \lx oxoxwoʔo \ps v \ge bawl \de to bawl \ee This means to cry or ball loudly with tears and cries while ͽmiš means merely 'to cry.' This verb was used especially of children. \cf miš \ce to cry \xv 1. tsoxoxwoʔo \xe 'she is crying.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd body \sd language \lg JPH \rf 90.307.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oxpot \ps v \ge untie \ge lossen \ge loose smth tied up \de to untie; to loosen; to loose smth tied up \ee This is verb is only used with the applicative ͽ us for animals. \xv 1. oxpot ! \xe 'untie the bundle!' \xv 2. koxpot \xe 'I untie a bundle.' \xv 3. koxpotus \xe 'I loose him.' \xv 4. oxpotit hesikwoyo ! \xe 'untie my braid!' \xv 5. hukoxpot hesikwoyo \xe 'I am going to loose my hair.' \xv 6. koxpotus lokaʔutinay \xe 'I undo him from the cradle.' \xv 7. koxpotus lokaštəʔəniwaš \xe 'I let the dog loose.' \xv 8. koxpot lokakaquntuk \xe 'I untied the knot I tied.' \xv 9. koxpot lokaʔaquntukaš \xe 'I untied a knot anyone may have tied.' \xv 10. no ʔan hukoxpot hesikʔoqwo kihušušʔexš \xe 'I am going to let down my hair.' \xv 11. sinawa soxpot lokaswoyo ʔan tskumli hemišup \xe 'when she let down her braid it reached the ground.' \xv 12. hukoxpotus hesikʰkawayu lokasutapinwunmu kakawayu \xe 'I am going to turn the horse loose in the pasture.' \xv 13. lokaxʔanwa ʔan tsoxpot lokasʔoqwo kikašušʔexš kikastsʔiyət \xe 'the woman loosed her hair so it was all loose and crouched with her buttocks in the air.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.119.2; 90.272.3, 292.4-294.2; Devil15 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oxspololo \a oqspololo \va (oqspololo) \ps v \ge yell while slapping hand over mouth \ge gobble \de to yell while slapping hand over mouth; to gobble \ee Harrington notes that this verb cannot be said of yelling unless the hand is used thus. \xv 1. hukoqspololo \xe 'I yell slapping my hand over mouth to give tremolo.' \xv 2. tsoxspololò lokaʔaloqʰtopohokʔitš \xe 'the turkey gobbles.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH \rf 71.458.1; 90.267.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oxšoł \a oxšòł \ps v \ge urinate \de to urinate \gn mear \dn mear \et *Sol̓ \ec Compare BOI ʼoxšol ‘to urinate,’ CRZ aqšol ‘urine,’ INZ ʼoxšol ‘to urinate,’ OBI qsoʼ ‘to urinate,’ PUY ʼoxšo ‘to urinate’ (Klar 1977: 114) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv oxšołpi \pde to urinate.APL.LOC \cf ʔoqtšon \ce urine of a baby \cf ʔoxšoł \ce urine \cf ʔoxšoləʔəš \ce chamber pot; piss pot \cf ʔoxšoləš \ce urine (outside the body) \cf oxšoł \ce to urinate \cf šuyoxšoł \ce to want to urinate \cf tšoxšoł \ce bladder \cf tšoxšoləʔəš \ce urethra; tube urine comes out through \xv 1. no ʔan hukoxšoł \xe 'I am going to urinate.' \xv 2. tšoxšołpi lokanə \xe 'he urinated in the fire.' \xv 3. hukʰušoxšolił \xe 'I am going to make it urinate on you.' \xv 4. muskitwo šikoxšoł, mukoxšoł \xe 'I cannot urinate.' \xv 5. tsamsukitwonus heʔisxət kuhušoxšoł \xe 'they have his penis sticking out so that he can urinate' (said of child in cradle). \xv 6. tšoxšołpi \xe 'it urinates on it.' \xv 7. tšoxšołpiyit hesikpu \xe 'he urinated in my hands.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd routine \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.294.2-296.4; 91.317.4; 94.398.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx oxšoləʔəš \cf tšoxšoləʔəš \ce urethra; tube urine comes out through \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oxto \a oxʰto \a oxton- \va (oxton-) \ps v \ge cold (said of a person), be \ge cold, feel \ge feel cold \de to feel cold; to be cold (said of a person) \et *toqom ~ qotom \ec Compare BOI koqton ‘to feel cold,’ INZ toxom̓ ‘to feel cold,’ OBI q/kto ‘to feel cold’ (Klar 1977: 76) \cf ʔipeyuw \ce to be cold (said of the weather/temperature outside) \cf ʔoxtokow̓ \ce snow \cf aqtaha \ce to be cold (said of something that was previously warm) \cf oxtokow̓ \ce to snow \cf yutoxto \ce to have chills; to be feverish; to shiver \xv 1. koxto \xe 'I am cold.' \xv 2. tsiyoxto \xe 'they are cold.' \xv 3. no ʔan koxto \xe 'I am cold.' \xv 4. no ʔan koxtonwaš \xe 'I was cold.' \xv 5. koxto, tštapi siʔipey̓ \xe 'I feel cold, the cold enters me.' \xv 6. kanawa siyoxto lokaštałtałhəʔəw ʔan tsitapinus heʔismaʔam lokasitete \xe 'when the chicks are cold they get under their mother.' \sd stative \sd meteorology \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 89.87; 90.8.4, 298.2-299.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx oxto- \ps vpre \cf aqta- \ce by air; through the air \sd variations \dt 16/Jun/2018 \lx oxtokok \ps v \ge toast grain \de to toast grain \sy moł \cf ʔoxtokokəʔəš \ce toaster; utensil for toasting \cf ʔoxtokokəš \ce popped grain \xv 1. hukoxtokok \xe 'I am going to toast' (any seed to make pinole). \xv 2. koxtokok kisipʰəw \xe 'I toast' (the whole grains of corn in olla so that it pops). \xv 3. tšamoxtokokš kinupan tšamaxwaš \xe 'they toast them and then eat them.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukoxtokokš \xe 'I am going to toast' (the corn). \sd verbs \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 90.299.4-300.2, 301.3-302.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oxtokow̓ \rd oxoxtokow \a oxtokow \va (oxtokow) \ps v \ge snow \de to snow \cf ʔoxtokow̓ \ce snow \cf oxto \ce to feel cold; to be cold (said of a person) \xv 1. kəpə ʔan tsoxtokow̓ \xe 'it is snowing.' \xv 2. kəpə ʔan tsoxoxtokow \xe 'it is snowing.' \xv 3. tsoxtokow, neʔesoxtokow \xe 'the snow is already falling.' \sd verbs \sd meteorology \sd nature \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.302.4-304.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oxtonowotš \ps v \ge clean of chaff, be \de to be clean of chaff \ee It is unclear if this verb is only used of grain. \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \cf šoxtonowotš \ce to toss wheat; to winnow wheat \xv 1. neʔešoxtonowotš \xe 'it is already clean' (by tossing wheat in air to remove chaff). \sd verbs \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 90.304.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oxtopokowowo \a oxtopokowowon \va (oxtopokowowon-) \ps v \ge move tipped to one side \de to move tipped to one side \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv oxtopokowowonli \pde to move tipped to one side.DIR \pdv oxtopokowowontiʔiy \pde to move tipped to one side.CIS \cf kowowo \ce to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \xv 1. tsoxtopokowowonli \xe 'he moves with his body tipped to once side.' \xv 2. tsoxtopokowowontiʔiy \xe 'he comes with his body tipped to one side.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.304.4-305.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oxtopolo \rd oxtopolopolo \ps v \ge roll smth around \ge roll around \de to roll smth around; to roll around \ee Notice the obligatory use of the reflexive suffix if the subject itself is rolling on the ground. \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv oxtopolotšəši \pde to roll smth around.REFL.CPLV; to roll around.REFL.CPLV \xv 1. ʔaloxtopolotšəši \xe 'it is rolling around.' \xv 2. hukoxtopolotšəši \xe 'I am going to roll on the ground.' \xv 3. hekakʰkawayu ʔan tšʰuputš kəwə latšə ʔišoxtopolotšəši \xe 'my horse is dirty because he rolls in the dirt all the time.' \xv 4. lokaqʔanwa ʔan tsoxtopolopolo lokaštəʔəniwaš hesiyʔixša \xe 'the little girl is rolling the dog in the ashes.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.305.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oxtopolopolo \ps v \ge roll smth around.REDUP \ge roll around.REDUP \cf oxtopolo \ce to roll smth around; to roll around \sd reduplications \dt 19/Jul/2011 \lx oxtoponowo \a oxtoponowò \ps v \ge blow dust \ge have a dust-wind \de to blow dust; to have a dust-wind \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \cf soxtoponowo \ce to stir up dust \xv 1. tsoxtoponowo \xe 'dust wind is blowing.' \xv 2. heʔ soxtoponowò tsaxsəw yəlaʔà loʔkoʔò \xe 'for there was dust [where the river was] all the water was dry.' \sd meteorology \sd verbs \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.305.4; Travels38 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oxtopoyo \ps v \ge stoke by blowing \de to stoke by blowing \ee It is possible the meaning of this verb is less specific than translated. \mr [] \cf oqtopoyho \ce to blow on/at \xv 1. koxtopoyo losinə \xe 'I blow [the fire with my mouth].' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.304.3; 92.923.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx oxtowolitš \cf oqtowolitš \ce to play flute \sd variations \dt 23/Apr/2011 \lx oxwoʔo \rd oxoxwoʔo \ps v \ge give a cry \ge cry, give a \de to give a cry \cf miš \ce to cry \cf oxoxwoʔo \ce to bawl \xv 1. kinela soxwoʔo \xe 'he burst out crying.' \xv 2. no ʔan koxwoʔo \xe 'I give a cry.' \xv 3. tsoxoxwoʔo \xe 'I give a single cry.' \xv 4. loʔkawakà ʔan tsoxwoʔò \xe 'the cow moos.' \xv 5. tšixaʔàš ʔitsoxwoʔò loʔkatolò \xe 'the bull roars, makes thunderous noise.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd language \lg JPH \rf 71.728.3, 729.1; 90.307.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx oxwololo \ps v \ge give a warwhoop \ge warwhoop, give a \de to give a warwhoop \xv 1. tsoxwololo \xe 'he gives the warwhoop.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \sd language \lg JPH \rf 90.307.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx p- \a pʰ- \va (pʰ-) \ps pre \ge 2 \de second person prefix \ee This prefix denotes second person subject when on a verb and it denotes second person possessor when on a noun \cf pikə \ce second person plural pronoun; you three or more \cf piškə \ce second person dual pronoun; you two \sd pronouns \sd vprefixes \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \lg JPH \rf 90.36.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pa \rd pahpaʔa \ps n \ge walking stick \de walking stick \gn baston \dn baston \mr [] \cf pahatšəš \ce to walk with a cane \xv 1. hesikpa \xe 'my walking stick.' \xv 2. tspa \xe 'his walking stick.' \xv 3. loʔispa lošipakəwaš \xe 'the old man's walking stick.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.317.1-4; 90.317.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx paha \cf pahaʔa \ce to be stiff \sd variations \dt 19/Jul/2011 \lx pahaʔa \a paha \va (paha) \ps v \ge stiff, be \de to be stiff \cf šiqšpatʔitš \ce to have paresis in one’s legs; to have paraparesis; to walk stiffly (as a result of partial paralysis in one’s legs) \cf tayapahaʔa \ce to become stiff quickly/suddenly \xv 1. tspahaʔa \xe 'he is stiff.' \xv 2. tspahaʔa heʔisʔułya \xe 'his finger is stiff.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \sd health \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.318.2-3; 91.64.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pahatšəš \ps v \ge walk with a cane \de to walk with a cane \mr [] \cf pa \ce walking stick \xv 1. no ʔan hukpahatšəš \xe 'I am going to go with a walking stick.' \xv 2. tšpahatšəš lokapakəwaš \xe 'that old man is walking with a cane.' \sd verbs \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.317.3, 318.4, 319.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pahpaʔa \ps n \ge walking stick.REDUP \de walking stick.REDUP \cf pa \ce walking stick \sd reduplications \dt 01/Jan/2011 \lx pakeʔet \a pakéʔet \rd pakpakeʔet \a pakeʔèt \a pakeʔèt \a pakʔet \ps num \ge one \ge same \de one; same \et *paka- + suffix \ec Compare BOI pakʼa ‘one,’ CRZ ismala (?related) ‘one,’ INZ pakaš ‘one,’ OBI paksi ‘four,’ PUY pakasʼ ‘one’ (Klar 1977: 119-120) \cf aqunpakeʔet \ce to select \cf axipakeʔet \ce to do once \cf išpakš \ce ?to put together; ?to count up \cf lupakeʔet \ce to grow unbranching \cf nuwantspakeʔet \ce to take with one hand \cf pakpakeʔet \ce one by one \cf pakpakeslaʔa \ce to be all together \cf qunpakeʔet \ce to take hold of many connected things at once \cf saxipakeʔet \ce to do/happen once \cf saxsaxpakeʔet \ce to do one by one \cf sulupakʔa \ce deer (young and without branching horns) \cf suxułtipakeʔet \ce to lay out full length \cf ulupakeʔet \ce to have one prong \cf yətipakeʔes \ce five \cf yitipakeʔes tskaʔaškom \ce five hundred \xv 1. pakeʔet ʔišnoqšutš \xe 'one broken piece of rope.' \xv 2. pakeʔet ʔištəqšəʔəš \xe 'they had the same color.' \xv 3. pakeʔetwaš šaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'there was a rancheria' (but now there is nothing). \xv 4. pakeʔet šikišaqskutałputš \xe 'they were of one opinion.' \xv 5. latšə šiʔišʔišaw ʔisameqeqwalus kʔuwe lapkeʔet sałmetpi \xe 'every day they kept treating her the same way.' \xv 6. nawaʔaʔay̓ ʔimuqʰqisə maría antonia, mulatšə knaʔał ventura \xe 'it has been a while that I have not seen Maria Antonia, I do not go to Ventura much.' \xv 7. lokatuq ʔan yitiyʔiškom̓ ʔisʔəł sałpakeʔet ʔišmotʔo ʔan masəx ʔisəł \xe 'the grasshopper has six legs, on one side are three legs.' \xv 8. pakeʔet ʔišištəqšəʔəš lokaʔalaxəwəł kalokaməy, ʔan katanixaʔax lokaməy tštowitš \xe 'the wolf and the coyote are of the same color, but the wolf is bigger and is swifter.' \xv 9. hesikuhkuʔu ʔan latšə ʔisinaʔał losuʔutʔam, latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw, ʔan pakeʔet ʔisʰinałmu, kinelaseqwełtšeši šaʔaliyaš \xe 'the people kept going to the river on the same way and at last a trail arose.' \xv 10. pakeʔet šaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'there is not longer a rancheria.' \xv 11. kəwə lapakeʔet ʔišinetuto kalokasʰintswanaʔał lyos \xe 'because they are equal in existence and natural divinty.' \xv 12. pakeʔet šaʔałhašəʔəš ʔan tsʰukitwonwu sitsʔohʔtsʔohoʔoy [sic.] šaʔałhašəʔəš \xe 'one word gets out other words.' \xv 13. xilikʰšašì ! kimusaxikił pakeʔet loʔiswałpštəhə̀ kiwə tsʔił ʔisʰin ʔałnaqšʰa \xe 'don’t touch it! so to avoid one light touch by the lizard, for it is poison(ous).' \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.763; 90.324.4-327.4; 93.6.2-7.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx pakəwaš \rd pakpakəwaš \se I \ps n \ge man, old \de old man \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv pakəwatš \pde old man.DIM \cf pakəwatš \ce little old man \cf qʔanwawaš \ce old woman \xv 1. haku pakəwatš ? \xe 'what's up old man ?' \xv 2. yəlaʔa hesipakʰpakəwaš \xe 'all the old men.' \xv 3. tšpahatšəš lokapakəwaš \xe 'the old man is walking with a cane.' \xv 4. hesiʔapʰanəšmu ʔan ʔəhə sipakpakəwaš kasiqʔanqʔanwawaš \xe 'this town has many old people.' \se II \ps v \ge old, be \de to be old \ee It is possible this word as a verb can only refer to being an old man. \xv 1. neʔepʰpakəwaš \xe 'you are already old.' \xv 2. neʔešpakəwaʔaʔaš kišaqša \xe 'he died very old.' \sd people \sd lifecycle \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.14; 94.65.4 \dt 03/Jun/2019 \lx pakəwatš \ps n \ge old man.DIM \ge little old man \de little old man \ee This does not indicate a difference in age, but is used of an older person someone likes. \cf pakəwaš \ce old man \sd diminutives \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx pakpakeʔet \sg pakeʔet \ps num \ge one by one \de one by one \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \xv 1. no ʔan kušwił pakpakeʔet yəlaʔa lokuʔuwmu \xe 'I served or delt out all the food to the people at the table.' \xv 2. huktaktəwu hesikʔəqəy ʔan pakpakeʔet kilakayukšušexenwu \xe 'I am going to kill off my chickens one by one until I get rid of them.' \sd numbers \lg JPH \rf 90.331.1-2 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx pakpakeslaʔa \ps vimp \ge all together, be \de to be all together \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \xv 1. pakpakeslaʔa ʔisinaʔał \xe 'they went all together.' \xv 2. pakpakeslaʔa ʔisikitwo \xe 'they came out all in a body.' \sd numbers \sd vimpersonals \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.331.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pakpakəwaš \ph pɑkʰpɑkǝwɑʃ \ps n \ge man, old.REDUP \ge old man.REDUP \de old man.REDUP \cf pakəwaš \ce old man \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pal- \a pał- \a peł- \a poł- \va (pał-, peł-, poł-) \ps vpre \ge of revolving movement \de of revolving movement \ee Glossed as INSTR.revolving. \cf ʔałpołkwowo \ce knob \cf aqpaluniyəw \ce to search with one's feet \cf aqtipałyət \ce to suck (as from a straw); to draw towards \cf nipołwoyo \ce to twist smth \cf nipałqayawi \ce to bend/brush aside \cf oqtopołkwowo \ce to move by rolling \cf pałkinomoy \ce to turn wrong side out \cf pałqayawitš \ce to be twisted/bent aside \cf pełwe \ce to spend the night \cf pełwenmu \ce where one typically sleeps \cf połkwowo \ce to be round; to be spheroid \cf połwoyo \ce to twist \cf połwoyotš \ce to be twisted \cf supełwe \ce to pass the night; to stay overnight; to make stay overnight \cf supołkwowo \ce to make a ball of smth \cf supołwoyo \ce to make twist \cf utipołwoyotš \ce to twist quickly; to give a quick twist \cf watipełwe \ce to sleep by the roadside on a journey \sd instrumentals \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pala \hm 1 \ps name \ge Pala (people) \de Pala (people) \xv 1. tsʔip lokaqunup hesikum siʔałnunapala yitipakeʔes tskaʔaškom \xe 'the boy says that 500 Pala Indians are coming.' \sd names \sd people \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.229.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pala \hm 2 \ps n \ge spade \de spade \mr [] \xv 1. kikasʰwaya lokaspala kiswəpʰpi kiswatipkʔes \xe 'and she raised up the spade and hit it and squished it.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.632.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx palatinu \ps name \ge Palatino \de Palatino \mr [] \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd names \lg TJPH \rf Tomol153 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pali \rd pałpaliʔi \ps n \ge father (priest) \ge priest \de father; priest \mr [] \xv 1. lokapałpaliʔi kasinikʰontwunutš hesaʔawexa \xe 'the priests introduced bees here.' \xv 2. lokapali ʔan tsikutiyətuswu lokakuhkuʔu \xe 'the fathers tamed the people.' \xv 3. sipakpakəwaʔaš ʔan mušiyaqtšum lositapi sipałpaliʔi ʔiti, ʔan musʔił husinetus \xe 'there were some old men who did not like the priests coming here, but what could they do?' \xv 4. tsisuwayopuswu lokapałpaliʔi neʔesisuyakitwo kuhusisinay ʔisilanlantšuʔu, kuhusisinayšaʔałhaputš kasikawayu \xe 'they begged permission from the priests that they wanted to leave and establish farms and have cattle and horses.' \sd religion \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.332.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx palinu \ps n \ge godfather \de godfather \gn padrino \dn padrino \mr [] \xv 1. sikpalinu ʔan lomiŋgu gusman \xe 'my godfather was Domingo Guzman.' \sd religion \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.332.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pałkinomoy \ps v \ge turn wrong side out \de to turn wrong side out \mr [] \cf kinomoy \ce to turn around \xv 1. kpałkinomoy \xe 'I turn my shirt or a skin or anything wrong side out.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.332.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx palma \ps n \ge palm \de palm \mr [] \ee This may refer to a number of introduced palm species. \sd plants \sd trees \sd nature \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.78.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pałpaliʔi \ps n \ge father.REDUP \ge priest.REDUP \de father.REDUP; priest.REDUP \cf pali \ce father; priest \sd reduplications \dt 23/Jul/2018 \lx pałqayawitš \ps v \ge twisted/bent aside, be \de to be twisted/bent aside \mr [] \cf nipałqayawi \ce to bend/brush aside \xv 1. neʔešpałqayawitš \xe 'it is already bent aside.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90,199.4, 332.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pan \ps n \ge bread \de bread \mr [] \xv 1. hukaxyikus sipan \xe 'I give him/her bread.' \xv 2. kexlew sipan \xe 'I take a bite of bread.' \xv 3. ikšit hałtšlewutš losipan ! \xe 'give me a piece of bread!' \xv 4. ikšit losipan sikeleweš ! \xe 'give me some of that sliced bread!' \xv 5. hukʰkelew hesipan \xe 'I am going to cut this bread.' \xv 6. huknilew hesipan \xe 'I am going to break this bread.' \xv 7. huktopoho hesikpan huksunuwus hesikpanyo \xe 'I am going to wrap this bread in my handkerchief.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.333.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx panatšum \ps v \ge grain, have good (said of wood) \ge have good grain (said of wood) \de to have good grain (said of wood) \mr [] \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. tšpanatšum \xe 'it has good grain' (said of a board). \sd verbs \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.334.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx panayəwə \a panayəʔəw \va (panayəʔəw) \ps v \ge outskirts of, be on the \ge on the edge , be \de to be on the outskirts of; to be on the edge \ee It is uncertain why the variant has the form it does, but the two words seem to be clearly related. \mr [] \cf tspanayəʔəw \ce beach; coast; edge; outskirts \xv 1. kipisinaʔay lokaʔałpanayəwə kaʔap ! \xe 'put ye it in the last house in the outskirts of the village!' \xv 2. hešitaštaʔaš ʔan heʔispanayəʔəw simuwu kasʔił \xe 'it is an herb which grows on the sea-coast.' \sd locations \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 90.333.4; Glutton143 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx panpantaloʔon \ps n \ge pants.REDUP \de pants.REDUP \cf pantalon \ce pants \sd clothes \dt 20/Jul/2011 \lx pantalon \rd panpantaloʔon \ps n \ge pants \de pants \gn pantalón \dn pantalón \mr [] \cf pantalonitš \ce to wear pants; to put on pants \xv 1. kaqkʔap sikpantalon \xe 'I wear my trousers pulled up tight by my suspenders.' \xv 2. huktapi hekakpantalon \xe 'I am going to put on my pants.' \xv 3. yəlaʔa hesipanpantaloʔon ʔan yəlaʔa tsʔił ʔišipexš \xe 'all these pairs of trousers have patches on them.' \xv 4. no kayukałtšupexšwu yəlaʔa hesipanpantaloʔon \xe 'I am going to mend all these pants.' \sd clothes \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \rf 90.335.1-3; 91.30.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pantalonitš \ps v \ge wear pants \ge put on pants \de to wear pants; to put on pants \mr [] \cf pantalon \ce pants \xv 1. hukpantalonitš \xe 'I am going to put my pants on.' \xv 2. hesiqunup ʔan muʔałtsuyapantalonitš \xe 'this kid does not want to wear pants, brings pants to mother in hand.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.335.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx panyu \ps n \ge cloth \ge handkerchief \de cloth; handkerchief \gn paño \dn paño \mr [] \cf panyunitš \ce to wear handkerchief or cloth around head horizontally \xv 1. lokapanyu \xe 'the cloth.' \xv 2. ktałwatəšpi lokapanyu \xe 'I used my handkerchief for lifting the stovelid.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.334.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx panyunitš \ps v \ge wear handkerchief or cloth around head horizontally \de to wear handkerchief or cloth around head horizontally \mr [] \cf panyu \ce cloth; handkerchief \cf qantʔatʔax \ce to pull low over the head (said of a handkerchief or hat) \xv 1. kpanyunitš \xe 'I have my head tied with a handkerchief around it.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.334.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx papas \ps n \ge potato(es) \de potato(es) \mr [] \xv 1. kšušałtapi hesipapas hesoʔoya \xe 'I threw the potatoes into the olla.' \xv 2. kušiʔik hesikʰqəp kʔuw sipapas \xe 'I ate the potatoes and they gave me the bellyache.' \xv 3. no ʔan kšuwaqmaš hesipapas \xe 'I do not take potatoes at the table.' \xv 4. huksipyototo hesipapas ʔan məʔək \xe 'I am going to boil these potatoes a long time.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 3.82.28.4, 90.336.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx papeł \ps n \ge paper \de paper \mr [] \xv 1. hesixəp ʔan kpetepʰpi sipapeł \xe 'I wrapped this stone in paper.' \xv 2. huksuteqpey hesipapeł hesilamesa \xe 'I am going to paste this paper to the table.' \xv 3. hesipapeł ʔan neʔešteqpeywaš hesilamesa \xe 'the paper is already glued to the table.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.93; 90.336.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx papʰaw \ps v \ge light (in weight), be \de to be light (in weight) \an walaməš \xv 1. tspapʰaw \xe 'it is light (in weight).' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 90.337.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx paqpaq \ps v \ge far apart, be \ge apart, be far \de to be far apart \ee This is said the of the relative position of freely moveable objects as well as of fixed objects. \an kumšaš \cf supaqpaq \ce to move two things apart \xv 1. tspaqpaq \xe 'they are apart.' \xv 2. tsipaqpaq heʔiswałwaʔał \xe 'the holes are some distance apart.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH \rf 90.331.4; 91.9.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx paš \sc Chlorogalum pomeridianum \ps n \ge soap plant \ge soaproot \de soap plant; soaproot \gn amole \dn amole \ee A name denoting several Mexican plant species whose bulbs and rhizomes are used like soap. See also Timbrook 2007 (56 57). \xv 1. tsʔatsʔəs ʔi paš \xe 'soap plant fiber.' \sd plants \sd culture \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.67.3; 90.340.2; 91.313.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pašpaš \ps v \ge vomit \de to vomit \et *paSV \ec Compare BOI paš ‘vomit,’ INZ paš ‘vomit,’ OBI pasɨ, paspa ‘vomit’ (Klar 1977: 114; Cf. Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pis ‘vomit’ (Miller 1967: 62) \cf šuyapašpaš \ce to want to vomit \xv 1. mupʰpašpaš hemaʔam \xe 'do not vomit here.' \xv 2. tšpašpaš saʔan \xe 'he vomits blood.' \xv 3. tšpašpaš ʔi paxat \xe 'vomit of a whale.' \xv 4. no ʔan ksuyapašpaš \xe 'I am going to vomit.' \xv 5. kpašpaš saʔan \xe 'I vomit blood.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4; 90.341.1-4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx -pat- \ps nroot \ge nest \de nest \xv 1. hesipat \xe 'my nest (said of bird).' \cf patpi \ce to nest \cf tspat \ce nest \sd nroots \sd roots \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH \rf 90.342.1-3; 91.260.4-261.1; 93.18.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx patpi \ps v \ge nest \de to nest \mr [] \xv 1. lokaskonin ʔan tsipatpi sipon̓ \xe 'the worms build a nest in the wood.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.343.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pawapaw \a pawapáw̓ \a pawapáw \va (pawapaw̓) \ps n \ge fly \de fly \et *pewe(we)ʔ \ec Compare BOI pɨw̓i ‘mosquito,’ CRZ pwew̓e ‘mosquito,’ OBI (t)pɨwɨ ‘mosquito’ (Klar 1977: 98) \xv 1. tsiyoqmow sipawapaw hesaʔałxili \xe 'the flies are standing thick all over the meat.' \xv 2. pawapaw ʔi ʔałsapəhəʔə̀n \xe 'firefly.' \xv 3. hesipawapaw ʔan tsiwałtapi lokaletši \xe 'a fly has fallen in the milk.' \xv 4. kałwašətš sukiyispuwe sipapeł saʔałpəlitš kihusiteqpeysipawapaw \xe 'it will be well if we buy some fly paper and catch the flies.' \xv 5. tšiyaqtšum saʔan hesipawapaw \xe 'these flies (that we are talking about) like blood.' \xv 6. kasułkuw ʔan ksukitwonwu lokapawapaw hesikwenmu \xe 'last night I chased the flies out of my bedroom.' \xv 7. kikasiyət sipawapaw kiwaliʔiʔin tšiyaqškuwaxanpi \xe 'and the flies came and straightway defecated on it.' \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 89.80-83, 246.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx pax \ps n \ge skin \ge shell \ge peel \ge bark \de skin; shell; peel; bark \gn cascara \dn cascara \pd ʑ \pdl ndepr \pdv paxiwaš \pde hide (skin) \cf aqułtspaxa \ce to peel (such as an orange); to shell (such as a walnut) \cf aqułtšpaxatš \ce to be peeled (said of an orange); to be shelled (said of a nut) \cf paxitš \ce to have skin still on \cf paxiwaš \ce hide (skin) \cf paxpak \ce skin bumps \xv 1. tspax \xe 'its skin.' \xv 2. hesikʰpax \xe 'my skin.' \xv 3. wašətš ʔispax \xe 'it has good skin.' \xv 4. tswateqe hesikpax \xe 'it rubbed my skin off with the blow.' \xv 5. lokaspax kaštum \xe 'the shell of the egg.' \xv 6. tspax ʔišuq \xe 'tortoise shell.' \xv 7. huknəhə heʔispax sitʔo \xe 'I am going to burn these mussel shells.' \xv 8. tsʔił ʔisihintspax sixus \xe 'it has the skin of a bear.' \sd anatomy \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 90.337.2-4; 91.258.1-260.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx paxa \ps n \ge paxa \de paxa \ee In some Chumash languages, this word is applied to the ceremonial leader (an ’antap member) of the Winter Solstice festival. Fernando Librado translates this word as ‘clown’ and ‘fool,’ but it is clear that those English translations do not accurately capture the cultural significance the person in the role of paxa had (Librado 1979: 19). Harrington notes in one place (90.338.2) that ͽʔałpaxa is not a word, but then uses the word in another set of notes (71.115-116). \sd people \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.240.1; 90.338.1-3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx paxaʔan \a paxan \va (paxan-) \ps v \ge dance (voluntarily) \de to dance (voluntarily) \cf suyapaxaʔan \ce to like to dance (voluntarily) \xv 1. tsampaxanit \xe 'they come of their own accord (without my calling them) and dance with me (not at a fiesta).' \xv 1. ʔałpaxaʔan \xe 'he comes and dances.' \xv 2. lokaʔałpaxaniyuw \xe 'he who came and danced with ye.' \sd verbs \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.338.4 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx paxalala \ps v \ge stiff, be \de to be stiff \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI paxalalan ‘to be stiff,’ INZ paxalalan ‘to be stiff’ (Whistler 1980: 22; SYBCI 2007: 268) \ee This word may be used to describe a penis or corpse. \xv 1. huspaxalala \xe 'he is going to be stiff.' \xv 2. tspaxalala \xe 'this is stiff' (piece of rawhide). \xv 3. tspaxalala sipxət \xe 'your penis is stiff.' \xv 4. tspaxalala lokašaqšanutš \xe 'this corpse is stiff.' \xv 5. heʔišaqšanutš ʔan tšnunuy muspaxalala \xe 'this corpse is soft, it is not stiff.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 82.27.2, 90.339.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx paxat \ps n \ge whale \de whale \et *paqatV \ec Compare BOI paxat ‘whale,’ CRZ puqlu ‘whale,’ INZ paxat ‘whale,’ OBI (t)pxatu ⁓ tpqatu ‘whale,’ ROS puxlu ‘whale’ (Klar 1977: 115; Beeler & Klar 1977: 65) \cf axnipaxat \ce to resemble a whale \xv 1. tšwokš sipaxat \xe 'whale vertebra.' \xv 2. tšpašpaš ʔi paxat \xe 'vomit of a whale.' \xv 3. tswalaʔàp sipaxàt \xe 'a whale has come ashore.' \xv 4. loʔkapaxat ʔan tsuxpay (heʔalałpay) \xe 'the whale blows water (high).' \xv 5. loʔkapaxat ʔan tšnapiyətus ʔisoxkononò \xe 'the whale makes a loud noise/grunt' (this may refer to the sound of spouting). \xv 6. loʔkapaxat kaxʔanwa ʔan ts[ʰ]ukutetwu ʔištałtałhəʔə̀w \xe 'the female whale’s offspring was suckling her.' \xv 7. loʔkapaxat ʔan kaxaʔax yəlàʔà heʔišup ʔałnunà heʔsimuwù \xe 'the whale is the biggest of all animals in the sea.' \xv 8. laʔkʰan ʔi tsamuštʔewè loʔištelèq kapaxàt kikamušašnaʔàł \xe 'when you spear a whale in the tail, it is incapacitated.' \xv 9. loʔkatšumtšumàš laʔkʰan ʔišiyuštəł sipaxàt šaʔalaqʰšà kʔùwe tsisuwalaʔap \xe 'the Chumash (islanders) when they see a dead whale, they bring it ashore.' \xv 10. laʔkʰan ʔišiyuštəł sipaxat ʔišaqʰšanutš ʔan tšiyuštʔewè ka tsimaxsuwalaʔàp \xe 'when they find a dead whale they spear it and they toe it ashore.' \xv 11. laʔkʰan ʔišištowš ʔiškom̓ sipaxàt kʔuwé tsitaqʰməkəʔə̀ loʔisiwon ʔišišwišteleqʰšašì \xe 'when two whales fight , one can hear it from afar, the hitting of the tails.' \xv 12. loʔkapaxat ʔan tsaqʰləw̓ə̀ xeremias, masəx šiʔišaw̓ ištapi ʔismaʔàm kitštiyət loʔkapaxat heʔmilùkʰ kisaxnapày kaskitwò \xe 'the whale swallowed Jeremias, after three days passed the whale threw him up onto the shore and went away.' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.923.1-; 90.339.2; 91.317.1, 341.1-4 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx paxitš \ps v \ge skin still on, have \ge have skin still on \de to have skin still on \mr [] \cf pax \ce skin; shell; peel; bark \xv 1. tšpaxitš \xe 'it has skin.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.339.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx paxiwaš \ps n \ge hide (skin) \de hide (skin) \mr [] \cf pax \ce skin; shell; peel; bark \xv 1. kułwax ʔišlewutš ʔišpaxiwaš ʔišiʔiw \xe 'I cut a strip of elk hide.' \sd anatomy \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.339.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx paxpak \a paxpákʰ \ps n \ge skin bumps \de skin bumps \cf pax \ce skin; shell; peel; bark \sd anatomy \sd health \lg JPH \rf 69.889.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx -pay- \ps vroot \ge related to verticality \ge verticality, related to \de related to verticality \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI –pay in napay ‘to go up; to ascend,’ INZ pay- in pay̓as ‘pole for ring-and-pole game,’ OBI –nepa ⁓ -napa in tunepa ⁓ tinapa ‘to ascend’ (Whistler 1980: 19; SYBCI 2007: 268) \cf ʔałʔapʔałpay \ce large cat species \cf ʔalałpay \ce up; upper part; height; heaven \cf ʔaxʔupayəš \ce pile of earth outside a (gopher) hole \cf ʔušpayəʔəš \ce digging instrument \cf ʔušpayəš \ce hole in ground; pit in ground \cf ałpali \ce to walk along (smth narrow) \cf aqškʔunapaš \ce to shore fish \cf ?aqtinapali \ce to understand (in the sense of knowing about something/anything) \cf axnapay \ce to expel from the mouth; to vomit out \cf axʔupay \ce to cast earth into a pile outside a (gopher) hole \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \cf napayli \ce to go to the top \cf qalałpaš \ce to be bunched up loosely; to be folded up \cf qalałpay \ce to gather smth up (as a sheet or handkerchief) \cf šałnapay \ce to spray up (said of water from breaking waves) \cf šaqškʔunapaʔaš \ce to fish on the shore; to surf-fish \cf šuqalałpašʰəši \ce to curl up on oneself; to bunch up \cf taniʔalałpay \ce further below (in the ground) \cf tinapay \ce to move back/away from smwh \cf ušpay \ce to dig \cf ušpaymu \ce mine \sd vroots \sd roots \sd path \lg TJPH \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx payikula \cf payikʔula \ce to be any \sd variations \dt 24/Jul/2011 \lx payikʔula \a paykula \a payikula \va (payikula, paykula) \ps vimp \ge any, be \de to be any \ee This modifies count as well as mass nouns. Note this word's propensity to take other pronouns or pronominal like words as suffixes: ͽpayikʔulaməʔək (any distance), ͽpayikʔulaʔasku (anybody), ͽpayikʔulaʔəhə (any amount), ͽpayikʔulahuki (anything). This may indicate that the 'word' is a proclitic. \cf payikʔulane \ce to be/go everywhere \xv 1. payikʔula ʔasku \xe 'anybody.' \xv 2. payikʔulakʰqisə \xe 'just any that I see.' \xv 3. payikʔula nełkaʔaʔan \xe 'any one' (of the objects). \xv 4. payikʔulaʔəhə hałtšisaxsił \xe 'one caught as many as he wanted.' \xv 5. lakʰan tštšʔeq payikʔula mitʔi \xe 'even if it is a little cracked.' \xv 6. payikʔula nełkaʔaʔan siboteya \xe 'any one of the bottles there.' \xv 7. payikʔulahuki ʔan (h)useqweł \xe 'he knows how to make or do everything well.' \xv 8. payikʔula nełkaʔaʔan xəp \xe 'any kind of stone' (big or little or anything). \xv 9. payikʔula waka ʔan numiš ʔištitap \xe 'no matter even if it is a cow it chases it all the same.' \xv 10. no ʔan hukałwa payikʔulaʔasku ałtapi hesaʔap \xe 'I will kill anybody who comes into this house.' \xv 11. tsʰusamha payikʔula məʔək hałtsyət hałku \xe 'he hears anybody coming far off.' \xv 12. payikʔulašuškum ʔan numiš ʔiškumeli lokaxəp \xe 'no matter how thick the fog is they fly straight to the stone.' \xv 13. wašətš ʔisitu, payikʔulaməʔək hałtsyət hałku ʔan tsiyitaq \xe 'the antelopes have good ears, they hear anybody coming no matter how far off.' \xv 14. payikʔula ʔammuxmałhin ʔan mukašnehet (Ϟor museqpeyus) lokaspax \xe 'no matter how they wash it, it is not [as soft] as the [mole]skin.' \xv 15. payikʔulahuki ʔan pałwatšʔəw ʔalałpay ʔan tsuleqpeyus lokamakał \xe 'anything you throw up into the air the bat follows it.' \xv 16. tsikumli mitsqanqan̓ kasila payikʔula nehałlusininuna (Ϟor nełtsininuna) lokatok \xe 'they arrived at Ventura or wherever they went to fetch it.' \xv 17. lokaʔałhaputš ʔan payikʔula ʔəhə hałtšyaqškuwaxanpi ʔan numiš ʔisiyʔuw \xe 'they eat meat even though it is maggoty.' \xv 18. wašwašətš simula ʔisamsuteqpeywu sikarru tšitaxtaxšətš ʔan ʔiʔałʔałxuxani lapayikʔulahuki ʔan tšiyoxonišpi, tšiyoxonišpi hesuʔutʔam \xe 'mules are good when hitched to wagons but they are afraid of everything, are afraid of the water.' \xv 19. musʔił hałʔalxułtsʔəy payikʔulaštołmow ʔan numiš tsʔuw \xe 'he is not easily disgusted by food (or fussy with food), he eats any rotten stuff.' \xv 20. laʔkʰan ʔisʔił ʔišluyət kasilaštšʔeq payku la mitʔi, tšamwatšʔiw \xe 'if it has any knot or crack even a little one they do not use it.' \sd vimpersonals \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.319.2-324.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx payikʔulane \ps vimp \ge everywhere, be/go \de to be/go everywhere \mr [] \cf payikʔula \ce to be any \xv 1. payikʔulane hałtšnałnaʔał hemišup \xe 'it goes everywhere on the ground.' \sd vimpersonals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.6.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx paykula \cf payikʔula \ce to be any \sd variations \dt 24/Jul/2011 \lx -pe- \hm 1 \ps vroot \de related to plants \cf peʔey \ce to blossom; to flower; to bloom \cf peneš \ce to have blossoms; to have flowers \cf peyini \ce to be flower season \cf wipen \ce to clear with a hoe \cf wipeneʔeš \ce hoe \cf wipetš \ce to be cleared with a hoe (said of weeds) \sd roots \sd vroots \sd plants \lg TJPH; JPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -pe- \hm 2 \a -pen- \va (-pen-) \ps vroot \ge clear away \de clear away \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI pen ‘to strip off; to remove,’ INZ –pen- ‘stripping off, bending bare or stripped’ (Whistler 1980: 22; SYBCI 2007: 269) \cf ʔałʔalaxipetš \ce carpenter \cf axipe \ce to carve \cf axipenešpi \ce to carve with \cf expen \ce to sing (to) \cf expetš \ce to sing (for dancers) \cf nipen \ce to brush/sweep together \cf ušlepen \ce to make room \cf ušpen \ce to clean away with one’s hands \cf wipen \ce to clear with a hoe \cf wipeneʔeš \ce hoe \cf wipetš \ce to be cleared with a hoe (said of weeds) \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx peʔey \ps v \ge blossom \ge flower \ge bloom \de to blossom; to flower; to bloom \cf peneš \ce to have blossoms; to have flowers \cf peyini \ce to be flower season \xv 1. muʔałpeʔey \xe 'it doesn't flower.' \xv 2. neʔespeʔey \xe 'it is already blossoming.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 90.343.3-344.1 \dt 04/Apr/2015 \lx peł- \cf pal- \ce of revolving movement \sd variations \dt 20/Jul/2011 \lx pelaš \ps n \ge pear \de pear \mr [] \xv 1. hesipelaš ʔan tsmowho \xe 'this pear is sweet.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.347.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pelepʔeł \sc Ardea alba; Ardea herodias; Himantopus mexicanus \ps n \ge great white egret \ge white egret, great \ge egret, great white \ge great blue heron \ge blue heron, great \ge heron, great blue \ge black-necked stilt \ge stilt, black-necked \ge long-legged wading birds \ge birds, long-legged wading \ge wading birds, long-legged \de great white egret; great blue heron; black-necked stilt; long-legged wading birds \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI pelepel ‘?heron species; ?egret,’ INZ pelepel ‘egret’ (Whistler 1980: 22; SYBCI 2007: 269) \ee This term seems to denote several specific species of bird as well as long legged wading birds in general. \xv 1. lokapelèpeł ʔan tsyuqʰspəkʰ \xe 'the great white egret has long shins.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.565.1-567.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pełnunał \a pełnunal- \va (pełnunal-) \ps v \ge forgive \de forgive \mr [] \xv 1. pełnunalit ! \xe 'forgive me!' \xv 2. pełnunał lokakumkumeʔeł ʔisiyeqweł ! \xe 'pardon the wrong-doings!' \xv 3. (kšuwašətš) pełnunał lokakiyʔatsʔatskaʔak, kšuwašətš suhusiyitpeni hesikiyʔamamə \xe '(I believe) in the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body.' \sd verbs \sd religion \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.348.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pelonušaʔaš \ps v \ge shear \ge shearer, be in the \de to shear; to be in the shearer \gn trasquilar \dn trasquilar \ee From Spanish ‘pelón,’ ‘bald.’ It is difficult to understand why this is a verb. The instrumental nominalizing suffix ͽ-aʔaš should make this word a noun. \mr [] \cf ʔałpelonušaš \ce shearer \cf watipelonušaš \ce to shear here and there \xv 1. ʔula muʔəhə hałtsʔixip, ʔan ʔəwəlasməkənli hałtšpelonušaʔaš \xe 'if he did not earn a lot he would not go so far to shear.' \xv 2. hukpelonušaʔaš \xe 'I am going to shear.' \sd animals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.154; 90.348.4-349.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pełwe \ps v \ge spend the night \de to spend the night \mr [] \cf pełwenmu \ce where one typically sleeps \cf supełwe \ce to pass the night; to stay overnight; to make stay overnight \cf watipełwe \ce to sleep by the roadside on a journey \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. pyikus hałhuspełwe lokaʔalaxtskumu \xe 'though shalt give a sleeping place to the wanderer.' \xv 2. ʔipštewe, spełwe ? \xe 'how many nights did he sleep?' \xv 3. ʔiškom̓ kpełwe \xe 'I slept two nights on the road.' \xv 4. hukpełwe \xe 'I am going to spend the night in a place.' \sd common \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.349.4-350.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pełwenmu \ps n \ge sleeping place \de where one typically sleeps \mr [] \cf pełwe \ce to spend the night \cf watipełwe \ce to sleep by the roadside on a journey \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. lokakpełwenmu \xe 'where I always sleep.' \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.350.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -pen- \cf -pe-2 \ce clear away \sd variations \dt 01/Aug/2018 \lx peneš \ps v \ge blossoms, have \ge flowers, have \ge have blossoms \ge have flowers \de to have blossoms; to have flowers \mr [] \cf peʔey \ce to blossom; to flower; to bloom \xv 1. tšpeneš \xe 'the fields are full of flowers.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.351.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx penew \rd penpeneʔew \ps n \ge seal (animal) \ge sealion \de seal (animal); sealion \et ɕ \ec Compare OBI t-pene ‘sea lion’ (Klar 19--b: 12) \xv 1. yəlaʔa lokapenew ʔan tsiyuxni hesiyeqenli miluk lokašə \xe 'all the seals leave [from] the foot of.' \xv 2. penew ʔi ʔatʔaxatš kinupan xaʔàx kinupan ʔałʔowow \xe a big whitish male sealion \xv 3. loʔkaxʔanwa kapenew ʔan xaʔax ʔisweleqenùs loʔkaspenew kaʔatʔaxàtš \xe 'the female seal/sealion shows great humility for the male.' \xv 4. no ʔan kʰqisə si penew ʔits[ʰ]upapʰ lokaštałhəw, tsuwesmes heʔišni, šnutoqʔop loʔkašʰtete kapenew kikaskek kasakʰtenhesi kaloʔkatštałhəw ʔan tsakʰtenhesi \xe 'I saw a seal/sealion put her young one on her back, she put it across her nape, the mother seal/sealion dove and she emerges and blows and the young one blow.' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.485.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx penpeneʔew \ps n \ge seal (animal).REDUP \ge sealion.REDUP \de seal (animal).REDUP; sealion.REDUP \cf penew \ce seal (animal); sealion \sd reduplications \dt 09/Jan/2013 \lx -pep- \ps vroot \ge picking action \de picking action \cf aqułpep \ce to pick over; to salvage \cf utipep \ce to snatch up \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 24/Jul/2011 \lx peqenutš \cf peqʔenutš \ce to be/have embers \sd variations \dt 24/Jul/2011 \lx -peqʔen- \ps vroot \ge end \ge terminate \de end; terminate \ee Given the words this root appears in, it may be a combination of ͽapi-1 ‘by/from heat/fire’ and ͽeqe ‘to be in/come into existence; to be born’ \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI peqʼen̓ ⁓ peqʼen ‘to end; to terminate; to stop at,’ INZ -peqʼe- ‘stopping; terminating’ (Whistler 1980: 22) \cf peqʔenutš \ce to be/have embers \cf tšapexʔenutš \ce embers \cf tšpeqenutš \ce hot coals \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH, KW \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx peqʔenutš \ps v \ge embers, be/have \de to be/have embers \ee Notice the nominalized usage of this verb in example three. \mr [] \cf tšapexʔenutš \ce embers \cf tšpeqenutš \ce hot coals \xv 1. tspeqʔenutš \xe 'the embers no longer burning are spread ready for roasting something on top of them.' \xv 2. neʔešpeqʔenutš \xe 'it is already made embers.' \xv 3. hukawəy hešaʔałhaputš ʔiti ʔišpeqʔenutš \xe 'I am going to roast the meat here on top of the coals.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd food \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.347.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx pesu \ps n \ge dollar \de dollar \mr [] \xv 1. aqpanit pakeʔet sipesu ! \xe 'please send me a dollar!' \xv 2. pakeʔet sipesu kaʔišmaqtunutš kaspiʔiw \xe 'it is worth $1.50.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.352.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx petep \ps v \ge roll up \de to roll up \cf petepʰpi \ce to roll up \xv 1. kpetep \xe 'I roll it up' (as one rolls up a bed mat, a strip of linoleum, etc. in a round roll). \xv 2. kpetep sipapeł kikakał tsunuwus kikwəpwəpʰpiwu \xe 'I folded a paper and used it for swatting flies with.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.352.4-353.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx petepʰpi \ph pɛtɛpʰpɪ \ps v \ge roll up \de to roll up \mr [] \cf petep \ce to roll up \xv 1. kpetep \xe 'I roll it up' (as one rolls up a strip of linoleum in a round roll). \xv 2. kpetep sipapeł kikakał tsunuwus kikwəpwəpʰpiwu \xe 'I folded a paper and used it for swatting flies with.' \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.352.4-353.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pexš \hm 1 \ps v \ge birthmark, to have a \de to have a birthmark \sd verbs \sd body \sd anatomy \sd health \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 90.351.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx pexš \hm 2 \ps v \ge mends, to have \ge patches, to have \de to have mends; to have patches \cf šupexš \ce to mend \cf šupexšeš \ce to be full of mends \xv 1. tšpexš \xe 'it has patches/mends.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa hesipanpantaloʔon ʔan yəlaʔa tsʔił ʔišipexš \xe 'all these pairs of trousers have patches on them.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 90.351.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pexš \hm 3 \ps n \ge pus \xv 1. tsʔił sikpexša \xe 'I have pus?' \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 90.352.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx pey \ps v \ge smear \ge tar \ge spread on \de to smear; to tar; to spread on \et *pey ~ *pey̓ \ec Compare BOI pey ‘to stick to,’ INZ pey ‘to stick to; to coat with; to plug up with (tar),’ OBI peʼ ‘to stick to’ (Klar 1977: 110; SYBCI 270) \cf ʔanaputiteqpey \ce shellfish which cling to rocks \cf ʔixweteqpeyeš \ce imitation \cf apiteqpey \ce to burn onto; to stick to by being burnt on to \cf axiteqpey \ce to (keep) attach(ing) to ; to be stuck to \cf eleqpeyus \ce to taste like \cf eqpešeš \ce to be alike \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \cf ixweteqpeyus \ce to imitate \cf maxsuteqpey \ce to follow behind (by nature of being connected to) \cf peyeš \ce mortar \cf peyini \ce to be flower season \cf qałtsuteqpey \ce to tie together so as to close a space between two items \cf qilipey \ce to look smth over \cf suteqpey \ce to hitch/connect (as in when attaching a wagon to horses); to glue to \cf sutipey \ce to add to \cf šapuštipey \ce to cook together \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \cf tipey \ce to be pressed against \cf uštipey \ce to mix together; to stir in \cf utiteqpeʔey \ce to stick to suddenly; to land on suddenly \cf wisuteqpey \ce to make adhere by blows; to nail to \xv 1. kpey \xe 'I put mud or tar on a surface.' \xv 2. hukpeypi \xe 'I put [some mud] on it.' \xv 3. hukpey ʔišolop \xe 'I stick some mud on it.' \xv 4. kpey ʔišolop hesaʔap \xe 'I put mud over this adobe house.' \xv 5. hukpeypi siyop \xe 'I am going to smear it with tar.' \xv 6. huksutiqip lokaswał \xe 'I am going to plug the hole.' \sd verbs \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 90.344.2-345.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx peyeš \ps n \ge mortar \de mortar \gn mortar \dn mortar \mr [] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \xv 1. hukikuk šipeyeš \xe 'I am going to strike a mortar.' \xv 2. tsamsuteqpey siquyiwaš lokapeyeš kaypi kimuhušušakʰtəʔəš \xe 'they stick a cora on a mortar so that the meal will not be lost. \sd culture \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.345.2-346.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx peyini \ps v \ge flower season, to be \de to be flower season \mr [] \cf peʔey \ce to blossom; to flower; to bloom \xv 1. neʔeskuʔum ʔispeyiniʔiy \xe 'it is again flower season' (could say neʔespeyini, but it is always flower season 'again'). \sd verbs \sd chronometry \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.347.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pə \ps v \ge ladle \de to ladle \cf pənəʔəš \ce ladle; dipper \xv 1. kʰpə \xe 'I ladle.' \xv 2. hukpə \xe 'I am going to ladle.' \xv 3. hukpə soʔo \xe 'I ladle out water.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 90.353.3-354.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pəʔəš \ph ˈpǝʔǝʃ \ps n \ge acorn mush, cooked \ge mush, cooked acorn \de cooked acorn mush \xv 1. hukpə sipəʔəš ksunuwus hesipənəʔəš \xe 'I am going to spoon out acorn mush with this ladle.' \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.881.1; 90.354.2-355.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pəhətš \ps n \ge sore eyedness \de sore eyedness \xv 1. hukuqmantštəkš kihuseqe lokakixsma kalokakpəhətš \xe 'I am going to wash my face so I will remove my sleepseed and my sore eyedness.' \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 90.356.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pək \rd pəkpəʔək \ps n \ge shin \de shin; front of the leg from knee to ankle \gn canilla \dn canilla \cf tspək \ce deer tibia \cf yuqspək \ce to be long-shinned; to be long-legged; to have long legs/shins \xv 1. (hesi)kpək \xe 'my shin.' \xv 2. hesiklap \xe 'the calf' (of my leg). \xv 3. tskʔot hesikpək \xe 'I broke my shin.' \xv 4. kwatikʔot sikpək \xe 'I broke my shin.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 89.357.1-4; 90.71.4, 357.1-358.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pəkpəʔək \ps n \ge shin.REDUP \ge front of the leg from knee to ankle.REDUP \de shin.REDUP; front of the leg from knee to ankle.REDUP \cf pək \ce shin; front of the leg from knee to ankle \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -pəl- \ps nroot \ge pitch \ge sap \ge turpentine \ge resin \de pitch; sap; turpentine; resin \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ pɨl ‘pitch; sap’ (SYBCI 2007: 277) \cf ʔałpəlitš \ce smth sticky \cf supəł \ce to smear (?with pitch) \sd tools \sd nroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \rf Tomol230-235 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pənəʔəš \a pənaʔaš \va (pənaʔaš) \ps n \ge ladle \ge dipper \de ladle; dipper \mr [] \cf pə \ce to ladle \xv 1. hukpə sipəʔəš ksunuwus hesipənəʔəš \xe 'am going to ladle acorn mush with this ladle.' \sd tools \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.358.4-359.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pənək \ps v \ge clean, be blown \ge blown clean, be \de to be blown clean \xv 1. tspənək \xe 'it is cleaned with the wind.' \xv 2. tspənək hešaʔaliyaš \xe 'the road is blown clear' (there are bare places with the dust blown off). \sd verbs \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 93.29.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pəx \ps v \ge pregnant, be \de to be pregnant \gn embarrasada, estar \dn estar embarrasada \ee The nominalized form of this verb, ͽʔałpəx, seems to have been preferred to the verb itself. \cf supəx \ce to impregnate \xv 1. tspəx \xe 'she is pregnant.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd lifecycle \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 90.359.4-360.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx pəy \ps n \ge frozen, be \ge freeze \de to be frozen; to freeze \cf tspəy \ce ice; icicle \xv 1. tspəy \xe 'it freezes.' \xv 2. tspəy \xe 'it is frozen.' \xv 3. tspəy hesipon̓ \xe 'this tree is icy.' \sd verbs \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 90.356.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -pəy- \ps vroot \ge related to shaking/tossing action \de related to shaking/tossing action \cf pəyəpəyə \ce to shake one’s head \cf supəyəpəyə \ce to cause (the head) to shake \cf suwapəy \ce to toss on basket tray (said of tossing seeds) \cf šuwapəyəš \ce to be tossed (said of grain tossed in a basket) \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pəyəpəyə \a pəyəpəyə̀ \ps v \ge shake one’s head \de to shake one’s head \ee Harrington notes that to shake one’s head in this fashion was considered to be a negative sign to the Ventureño. \mr [] \cf supəyəpəyə \ce to cause (the head) to shake \xv 1. tspəyəpəyə puʔpu kikasiyapiyam loʔkapawapaw kikaʔuwlilo puʔpu \xe 'and Roadrunner shook his head and flies fell from it and he ate them.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Roadrunner11-13 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx pi \a pí \a pì \ps pro \ge 2S \de second person singular pronoun; thou; thee \ee Glossed as 2.S. \cf pikə \ce second person plural pronoun; you three or more \cf pikš \ce to be your own; to be you alone \cf piškə \ce second person dual pronoun; you two \xv 1. ʔasku pi ? \xe 'who are you?' \xv 2. lakəkš pi \xe 'only you.' \xv 3. pi, ikuwewenwu ! \xe 'you, put them one on top of another!' \xv 4. pi ʔan pitšyułtʔulit \xe 'you are angry at me.' \xv 5. nełtšnehet kimupʔuwʔlilonwaš pi ? \xe 'why did you not eat?' \xv 6. ki pi, muhupiwišitu, kišʰinʔin siʔixpanəš ? \xe 'and you, do you not want to go with me?' \xv 7. no ka kʔałʔuxštuʔuʔu ki pi ʔan lamitʔi sipʔuxstu \xe 'I am more deaf than you.' \xv 8. kipì, hukipałqisə̀ ? \xe 'and you, what did you see?' \xv 9. kapi ʔan ʔalištaxan̓ ! \xe 'and you, cheer up!' \sd pronouns \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.16, 82.20.1, 90.360.2 \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx -pi \a -piʔ \a -pì \ps vsuf \ge APL.LOC \de locative applicative verbal suffix \ee This suffix allows an oblique noun (place) to become a core argument. Glossed as APL.LOC. \cf ʔełyepi \ce cliff \cf aliyəwəšpi \ce to lie with one’s head towards \cf ałnetpi \ce I. luck; fate II. to happen to \cf aqmilašpi \ce to drink with/at \cf aqwayapi \ce to revenge oneself upon \cf exneqenpi \ce to attend to one’s business; to respect; to have devotion to \cf qałwiłpi \ce to tie two long things together side by side \cf sutapi \ce to put into; to put through \cf xəpʰə \ce to be rocky; to be stoney \xv 1. tšoxšoł ; tšoxšołpi lokanə \xe 'he urinated' ; 'he urinated in the fire.' \xv 2. ksuwakʔay vs. tsamsuwakʔapi silamesa lokašaqšanutš \xe 'I set it [somewhere]' vs. 'they had a corpse on top of the table.' \xv 3. kikasamʔipił miluk ʔełyepi \xe 'and they tell you to go by the cliffs.' \xv 4. he ʔan katšaqwinpi ʔikeqweł \xe 'this is the last time I am going to do it.' \xv 5. laʔkʰan suptapinwù ʔan kusiyaqʰwətəypìʔił \xe 'if you put yourself among such people then they will make you do what they intend' (lit., ‘they will shadow you’). \xv 6. tskuʔum lokalamipuspi \xe 'the time arrived for that that they had set.' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.396.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx piʔiw \a piʔìw \ps v \ge cost \de to cost \et *piw̓ \ec Compare BOI piw ‘sell; value; cost; price,’ piw̓, piw̓en(č) ‘to cost, to be expensive,’ OBI piwini ‘to be worth’ (Klar 1977: 74) \mr [] \cf ispuwe \ce to buy; to rent \cf išpiwetš \ce to charge; to sell \cf piwetš \ce to be costly \cf supiwe \ce to charge high prices \xv 1. nełkaʔaʔàn tspiʔìw ? \xe 'how much does it cost?' \xv 2. ʔułyi ʔispiʔiw \xe 'it is very expensive.' \xv 3. pakeʔet sipesu kaʔišmaqtunutš kaspiʔiw \xe 'it is worth one dollar and fifty cents.' \xv 4. ʔiti ʔan mušpelonušaš kəwə mitʔi šipułhewu; kilatšə ʔišupšuʔup kišnaʔał muntana, məʔək lošaʔałtəhətš muntana, kanawa skitwo ʔiti ʔan laswatwatipelonušaš kilakałkumli (Ϟor kinelaskumli) montana, kanawa husimokʔotʔiy ʔan sesanta pesus ʔipiʔiw \xe 'here he does not shear because there are few sheep; he is always going to Montana, it is far that place called Montana; when he starts out here he shears his way there little by little and reaches Montana and when he returns it costs him $60.00.' \sd verbs \sd economics \lg JPH \rf 90.360.3-361.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pii \ps onom \ee Sound made by the magpie. \xv 1. tsʔip, “pii pii” \xe 'it [the magpie] says, “pii pii.” \sd onomatopoeia \sd birds \sd animals \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.433.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx pikawanəš \ps n \ge tortilla \de tortilla \cf pikawatš \ce to make tortillas \cf tołtiya \ce tortilla \sd food \sd neologisms \lg JPH \rf 90.362.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pikawatš \ps v \ge make tortillas \ge tortillas, make \de to make tortillas \cf pikawanəš \ce tortilla \cf tołtiyatš \ce to make tortillas \xv 1. hukpikawatš \xe 'I am going to make tortillas.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd neologisms \lg JPH \rf 90.362.4-363.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pikə \ps pro \ge 2PL \de second person plural pronoun; you three or more \ee Glossed as 2PL. \mr [] \cf pi \ce second person singular pronoun; thou; thee \xv 1. pikə sipiyałšuqonəšpiiyuw \xe 'you all are making fun of us.' \sd pronouns \lg TJPH \rf 92.294.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pikš \a pikʰš \ps adj \ge your own, be \ge you alone, be \de to be your own; to be you alone \cf pi \ce second person singular pronoun; thou; thee \xv 1. pikš pʰin \xe 'it is yours.' \xv 2. kaʔsip, “wašətš pikš pikšit heʔsikałkumus” \xe '(Coyote) said, “well, you yourself gave this that I find”.' \xv 3. pikš ppošótš kiwə pmatʔunuʔùw loʔkapwopowàš loʔkałʔamtənus \xe 'only you might know, for you are heir to your grandfather who is now called old fish.' \sd vadjectivals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.363.2 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx pil- \va (pił-) \ps vpre \cf pili- \ce of movement in the atmosphere \sd variations \dt 05/Jan/2011 \lx pila \ps n \ge basin \de basin \mr [] \sd water \sd tools \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.363.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pildora \ps n \ge pill \de pill \mr [] \xv 1. hukaqlə́wə̀ sipílador \xe 'I am going to take a pill.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.363.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx pili- \a pil- \a pił- \a piliy- \a ?pitʔ- \va (pil-, pił-, piliy-, ?pitʔ-) \ps vpre \ge of movement in the atmosphere \ge INSTR.atmosphere \de of movement in the atmosphere \ee Glossed as INSTR.atmosphere. \cf kupilinaʔał \ce to go/run in a current (as is said of water) \cf pilikitwo \ce to move (flow) out of \cf pilinaʔał \ce to go running/trickling out of (said of liquids) \cf pilitapi \ce to stream/trickle in from outside \cf piliwutu \ce to fall in a stream \cf piliyam \ce to trickle down \cf piliyammu \ce place where it trickles down \cf piłkuta \ce to straighten up (when released) \cf piłmes \ce to jump or spring across \cf piłnowo \ce to move with jumps \cf piłtapi \ce to throw out; to bury \cf piłxoyi \ce to jump over \cf ?pitʔapəti \ce to run up quickly to the top of \cf supilitapus \ce to pour down/into \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pilikitwo \va (pilikitwon-, piłkitwo) \ps v \ge move (flow) out of \de to move (flow) out of \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv pilikitwoniʔiy \pde to move (flow) out of.REP \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. kaštapinə ʔisʰununa ʔispilikitwo lokaʔo, lamitʔi ʔispilinaʔał kinelatanəʔəhə kinelastanixaʔax, kinela swatiwey \xe '(at first) it runs a little streamn and then more and then bursts through.' \xv 2. numiš ʔispilinaʔał heʔismaʔam siqas kikawaspilikitwoniʔiy kikawaspilitapiniʔiy heʔismaʔam siqas \xe 'it always runs under the sand, it emerges and sinks again.' \xv 3. kispiłkitwo hesimentana \xe 'it flew out of the window.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd water \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.365.2-3, 90.368.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx pilinaʔał \ps v \ge go running/trickling out of (said of liquids) \de to go running/trickling out of (said of liquids) \mr [] \cf kupilinaʔał \ce to go/run in a current (as is said of water) \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. tspilinaʔał \xe '[the water] goes running in a current' (as in a river). \xv 1. kikanawa šišaw ʔan tspilinaʔał \xe 'and when it is hot it trickles.' \xv 2. numiš ʔispilinaʔał heʔismaʔam siqas kikawaspilikitwoniʔiy kikawaspilitapiniʔiy heʔismaʔam siqas \xe 'it always runs under the sand, it emerges and sinks again.' \xv 3. kaštapinə ʔisʰununa ʔispilikitwo lokaʔo, lamitʔi ʔispilinaʔał kinelatanəʔəhə kinelastanixaʔax, kinela swatiwey \xe '(at first) it runs a little stream, and then more and then bursts through.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd water \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.365.4-366.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pilisala \cf pʰilisala \ce blanket \sd variations \dt 28/Jul/2011 \lx pilisila \ps n \ge blanket \de blanket \ee The standard spelling of this word in Spanish is frazada. \mr [] \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.367.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pilitapi \ps v \ge stream/trickle in from outside \de to stream/trickle in from outside \mr [] \cf piłtapi \ce to throw out; to bury \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. tspilitapi soʔo ʔiti maʔam \xe 'water has run in from outdoors.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.367.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx piliwutu \ps v \ge fall in a stream \de to fall in a stream \mr [] \cf piłwut \ce to drip (through the atmosphere) \xv 1. tspiliwutu \xe 'a little stream of water is falling from it.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.367.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx piliy \ps v \ge stuck in smth, become \de to become stuck in smth \et *pilhiy \ec Compare INZ piliy ‘to be sticky,’ OBI piłhɨ ‘to be sticky’ (Klar 1977: 110-111). \cf supiliy \ce to cause to become stuck in smth; to tar smth \cf šupiliyaš \ce to be tarred over \xv 1. kpiliy \xe 'I sat down or stepped in (tar) and got stuck.' \xv 2. kaštapinə ʔan kpiliy lokayop \xe 'yesterday I got stuck in tar.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 90.364.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx piliyam \ps v \ge trickle down \de to trickle down \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv piliyamli \pde to trickle downDIR \cf piliyammu \ce place where it trickles down \cf supiłwut \ce to make drip \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. tspiliyam \xe 'it trickles down.' \xv 2. tspiliyamli hesikpu \xe 'they run down my cheek.' \xv 3. tspiliyam siktənək hesikpo \xe 'my tears trickle down my cheeks.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd body \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.364.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx piliyammu \ps n \ge place where it trickles down \de place where it trickles down \mr [] \cf piliyam \ce to trickle down \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.365.1 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx piłkitwo \cf pilikitwo \ce to move (flow) out of \sd variations \dt 26/Jul/2011 \lx piłkuta \ps v \ge straighten up (when released) \de to straighten up (when released) \mr [] \cf kuta \ce to get up; to slope up \xv 1. tspiłkuta \xe 'it straightens up suddenly when released.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.368.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx piłmes \ps v \ge jump across \ge spring across \de to jump or spring across \ee This is said of jumping over a chasm or crack in the earth. \mr [] \sy xełmes \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. hukxełmes (Ϟor [hu]kpiłmes) \xe 'I am going to jump or spring across a chasm.' \xv 2. hukmesli \xe 'I am going over to the other side of the water.' \xv 3. kmes \xe 'I walk or ride across.' \xv 4. huktayames \xe 'I am going to cross over in a hurry.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.368.3; 91.64.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx piłnowo \rd piłpiłnowo \ps v \ge move with jumps \de to move with jumps \ee This is used of such running as a rabbit does. \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. tspiłpiłnowo \xe 'he leaps' (said of a porpoise's motion). \xv 2. tsipiłpiłnowo ʔistep \xe 'the fleas are jumping.' \xv 3. tspiłpiłnowonli sitimew \xe 'the rabbit is running with jumps.' \xv 4. tspiłpiłnowo lokatomoł losiyikikmén̓ (Ϟor hesiyikikmén̓) \xe 'the boat goes jumping along through the waves.' \xv 5. kaha tsititapwu sikulilaw, tšnapiyətus ʔisyoxonišpi kikasipiłpiłnowo, tsikitwo hesoʔo kinupan tsiyapałpałhay \xe 'and it chases or follows porpoises and they are very afraid and jump out of water, and they dive again.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.309.4; 90.368.4-371.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx pilohoł \cf piloxoł \ce bean(s) \sd variations \dt 27/Jul/2011 \lx piloxoł \a pilohoł \va (pilohoł) \ph pɪˈlɔxɔɬ \ph pɪˈlɔhɔɬ \ps n \ge bean(s) \de bean(s) \gn frijoles \dn frijoles \mr [] \xv 1. hukuštipey simays ka sipiloxoł \xe 'I am going to mix up corn and beans.' \xv 2. mušpošʰotš hałtšwalaməšəʔəš lokasʰinpiloxoł \xe 'he does not know the weight of the beans.' \sd food \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.369.4-370.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx piłpiłnowo \va (piłpiłnowon-) \ps v \ge move with jumps.REDUP \de to move with jumps.REDUP \cf piłnowo \ce to move with jumps \sd reduplications \dt 27/Jul/2011 \lx piłpiłwut \ps v \ge drip (through the atmosphere).REDUP \de to drip (through the atmosphere).REDUP \cf piłwut \ce to drip (through the atmosphere) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx piłpiłxoyi \ps v \ge jump over.REDUP \de to jump over.REDUP \cf piłxoyi \ce to jump over \sd reduplications \dt 27/Jul/2011 \lx piłtapi \ps v \ge throw out \ge bury \de to throw out; to bury \mr [] \cf pilitapi \ce to stream/trickle in from outside \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. kʰpiłtapi heʔsoʔo \xe 'I throw out a basinful of water.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.371.4-372.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx piłwut \rd piłpiłwut \ps v \ge drip (through the atmosphere) \de to drip (through the atmosphere) \mr [] \sy woqo2 \cf piliwutu \ce to fall in a stream \cf supiłwut \ce to make drip \cf woqwoqo \ce to drip (in a stream) \cf wutwututu \ce to stream down from \xv 1. tspiłwut \xe 'a drop fell.' \xv 2. tspiłpiłwut \xe 'it drips many drops.' \xv 3. tspiłpiłwut \xe 'it leaks' (said of a dripping towel). \xv 4. tspiłpiłwut \xe 'drops are falling' (from a can that has a leak in it). \sd verbs \sd water \sd path \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 90.372.2-373.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx piłxoyi \rd piłpiłxoyi \ps v \ge jump over \de to jump over \mr [] \cf xoyi \ce to go over; to pass over \xv 1. tspiłxoyi \xe 'he jumps over' (the fence). \xv 2. tspiłpiłxoyi \xe 'she is jumping' (rope). \xv 3. hukpiłxoyi \xe 'I am going to jump over' (a fence or fallen tree). \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.371.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -pin- \ps vroot \ge movement along the beach/shore \ge beach/shore, movement along the \de movement along the beach/shore \ee Harrington recognizes this as a root. \cf ʔanaqtskutanpinpin \ce killdeer; small beach birds \cf ałpinli \ce to go along the beach/shore \cf anpinan̓i \ce to go along the beach \cf axtałpinli \ce to run along the ocean shore \cf wayałpinli \ce to go along the shore slowly \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx pinoli \ps n \ge toasted corn meal \ge corn meal, toasted \de toasted corn meal \mr [] \cf pinolitš \ce to make toasted corn meal; to make pinole \cf štekmeł \ce pinole hard squeezed cake \xv 1. wašətš ʔispinoli \xe 'her pinole is good.' \xv 2. no ʔan kitʔo sipinoli \xe 'I munched a dry handful of pinole.' \sd food \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd Nahuatl \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.373.3-374.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pinolitš \ps v \ge make toasted corn meal \ge toasted corn meal, make \ge corn meal, make toasted \ge pinole, make \ge make pinole \de to make toasted corn meal; to make pinole \mr [] \cf pinoli \ce toasted corn meal \xv 1. hukpinolitš \xe 'I am going to make pinoli, toasted corn meal.' \sd verbs \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd food \sd Nahuatl \lg JPH; TJP \rf 90.374.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pintu \ps v \ge mottled, be \ge dappled, be \ge spotted, be \de to be mottled; to be dappled; to be spotted \mr [] \xv 1. tspintu \xe 'it is spotted.' \xv 2. tspintu saʔałʔowow kasaʔałtšošoy \xe 'it is mottled white and black.' \xv 3. heʔismət ʔan tspintu ki (h)eʔisqəp ʔan tsʔowow \xe 'his back was spotted, pinto, but his belly white' (said of frog). \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd colors \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.374.3-375.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx pinunu \ps n \ge ?small white egret \ge ?white egret, small \ge ?egret, small white \de ?small white egret \ee Described as a small heron that is white. \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.554.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx pipa \ps n \ge pipe \de pipe \mr [] \xv 1. heʔispon̓ sikpipa \xe 'the stem of my pipe.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.375.3, 386.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pispistuʔuk \ps n \ge squirrel.REDUP \de squirrel.REDUP \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv pitšpitštuʔuk \pde squirrel.DIM.REDUP \cf pistuk \ce squirrel \sd reduplications \dt 17/Jun/2018 \lx pistuk \rd pispistuʔuk \a pistúk \ps n \ge squirrel \de squirrel \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv pitštuk \pde squirrel.DIM \xv 1. lokapistuk ʔan tsʰipʰoʔo \xe 'the squirrel made a mound.' \xv 2. lokapistuk ʔan tsʔapʰpi lokapoʔn \xe 'the squirrel lived in the tree.' \xv 3. lokaʔałtsukweypiwu kapistuk \xe 'poisoner of squirrels.' \xv 4. naštəʔəʔə tšʔanutš lokaxəp, naštəʔəʔə tsamqisə. kʔuwe samʔip ʔan mušaqša lokaqunup kʔuwe šeqwełtšəši sipistuk \xe 'the rock is still blood-stained, it can still be seen. and they say that the child did not die but was turned into a ground-squirrel.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \rf 71.793.2-803.2; 89.298.3, 300.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx piškə \ps pro \ge second person dual pronoun \ge you two \de second person dual pronoun; you two \ee Glossed as 2DU. \mr [] \cf pi \ce second person singular pronoun; thou; thee \xv 1. piškə ʔan hupišʔoštəš \xe 'you two are going to fuck.' \sd pronouns \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.309.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pitaya \ps n \ge dragon fruit \ge fruit, dragon \de dragon fruit \mr [] \ee Fruit of certain cactus genera. Word may also refer to the plant itself. \sd plants \sd food \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.79.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx pitʔ- \cf pili- \ce of movement in the atmosphere \sd variations \dt 07/Sep/2011 \lx pitʔapəti \ps v \ge run up quickly to the top of \de to run up quickly to the top of \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \xv 1. kpitʔapəti \xe 'I run to the top of a thing.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.375.4-376.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx piwetš \ps v \ge costly, be \de to be costly \mr [] \cf išpiwetš \ce to charge; to sell \cf piʔiw \ce to cost \cf supiwe \ce to charge high prices \xv 1. kəwə tšpiwetš \xe 'because it has value.' \xv 2. mušpiwetš \xe 'it is cheap' (lit. 'it is not costly'). \xv 3. tšpiwetš \xe 'it is too expensive.' \sd verbs \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.376.3-4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx piyatš \rd piypiyaʔatš \ps n \ge feather dancing skirt \ge skirt, feather dancing \de feather dancing skirt \xv 1. hesikpiyatš \xe 'my feather dancing skirt.' \xv 2. hukeqweł šipiyatš \xe 'I am going to make a piyatš.' \sd culture \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 90.361.3-362.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx piypiyaʔatš \ps n \ge feather dancing skirt.REDUP \de feather dancing skirt.REDUP \cf piyatš \ce feather dancing skirt \sd reduplications \dt 27/Jul/2011 \lx pkʔes \ps v \ge burst open \ge open from the inside out \de to burst open; to open from the inside out \cf apipkʔes \ce to burst from heat \cf aqipkʔes \ce to open outwards (as is said of hatching eggs) \cf expelepkʔes \ce to burst by standing on \cf nipkʔes \ce to break with the hands \cf sapipkʔes \ce to cause to burst open from heat \cf tipkʔes \ce to open (deer corpse); to gut (an animal) \cf watipkʔes \ce to squish quickly \cf wipkʔes \ce to smash with a blow \xv 1. tspkʔes \xe 'it burst open.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.18.1, 330.1, 527.4; 90.63.2, 377.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx plato \cf platu \ce plate \sd variations \dt 27/Jul/2011 \lx platu \a plato \va (plato) \ps n \ge plate \de plate \mr [] \xv 1. lokaplatu kaʔałtšʔeq \xe 'the cracked plate.' \xv 2. lokaplatu kaʔałkla \xe 'the plate that is broken all to pieces.' \xv 3. lokaplatu kaʔałwey \xe 'the nicked plate.' \xv 4. lokaplatu kaʔalaxixe \xe 'the worn plate.' \xv 5. lokaplatu ʔan neʔesaxixe \xe 'the plate is already worn.' \xv 6. kuxmałhin siplato \xe 'I washed a plate.' \sd food \sd kitchen \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd tools \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.372.4; 91.343.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ple \ps v \ge over, be \ge finished, be \de to be over; to be finished \cf aqutiple \ce to be finished; to die \cf teple \ce to finish little by little; to cease little by little \cf tiple \ce to end little by little \cf watiple \ce to have blisters (on one’s hand) \xv 1. tsple ʔiti ʔi šup \xe 'the world is over.' \sd verbs \sd roots \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.377.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx plenu \ps n \ge bit \de bit \mr [] \xv 1. suponuw losiplenu ! \xe 'put the bit in!' (the horse's mouth). \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd animals \rf 90.377.4, 518.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx po \rd popoʔo \ps n \ge cheek \de cheek \et *poʔ (PSC) \ec Compare BOI poʼ ‘cheek,’ CRZ po ‘cheek,’ INZ poʼ ‘cheek,’ PUY pʰo’o̥ ‘cheek’ (Klar 1977: 75) \cf poʔon \ce to put in one’s mouth; to hold in one’s mouth \cf poʔonmu \ce mouthpiece \cf supo \ce to bit (a horse); to put in the mouth of \xv 1. sikpo \xe 'my cheek.' \xv 2. xaxaʔax sipʰpo \xe 'you have fat cheeks.' \xv 3. tspiliyamli hesipo \xe 'they run down my cheek.' \xv 4. oxnonokit hesikpo ! \xe 'kiss me on my cheek!' \xv 5. tspiliyam siktənək hesikpo \xe 'my tears trickle down my cheeks.' \xv 6. tšwaqšik heʔispo šaʔaluqštahay \xe 'she paints her cheeks red.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.109.2; 90.378.1-379.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx poʔon \ps v \ge put in one’s mouth \ge hold in one’s mouth \de to put in one’s mouth; to hold in one’s mouth \mr [] \cf axlalanitš \ce to have smth in one’s mouth; to be with smth in one’s mouth \cf po \ce cheek \cf poʔonmu \ce mouthpiece \xv 1. hukpoʔon \xe 'I put a clod in my mouth and close my mouth.' \xv 2. kpoʔon hesikʔułya \xe 'I put my finger in my mouth.' \xv 3. tspoʔon ʔispipa \xe 'I has his pipe in his mouth.' \xv 4. kpoʔon hesikpuru \xe 'I hold this cigar in my mouth.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 90.387.4-388.3 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx poʔonmu \ps n \ge mouthpiece \de mouthpiece \mr [] \cf po \ce cheek \cf poʔon \ce to put in one’s mouth; to hold in one’s mouth \xv 1. lokaspoʔonmu \xe 'mouthpiece' (of a pipe, clarinet, etc.). \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.388.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx poł- \cf pal- \ce of revolving movement \sd variations \dt 20/Jul/2011 \lx połkwowo \ps v \ge round, be \ge spheroid, be \de to be round; to be spheroid \mr [] \cf ʔałpołkwowo \ce knob \cf oqtopołkwowo \ce to move by rolling \cf supołkwowo \ce to make a ball of smth \cf utipołwoyotš \ce to twist quickly; to give a quick twist \xv 1. tspołkwowo \xe 'it is round' (like a ball). \xv 2. loʔkasmotʔo kasʰow ʔan tspołkwowo \xe 'the side of the hill is rounded.' \xv 3. tsʔił ʔisʰinʔałpołkwowo heʔalałpuy \xe 'it has a knob on top.' \xv 4. tsʔił ʔisʰintspołkwowo \xe 'it has a knob' (this could be said of the femur). \xv 5. ʔałpołkwowo \xe 'knob.' \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd stative \sd shape \sd body \lg JPH \rf 90.379.2-3; 91.265.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx połwoyo \a połwoyon \va (połwoyon-) \ps v \ge twist \de to twist \ee When used with the plural object suffix ͽ-wu this verb means ‘to twist together.’ \mr [] \cf nipołwoyo \ce to twist smth \cf połwoyotš \ce to be twisted \cf supołwoyo \ce to make twist \cf utipołwoyotš \ce to twist quickly; to give a quick twist \cf woyo \ce I. braid II. to braid \xv 1. hukpołwoyo \xe 'I am going to twist it.' \xv 2. kpołwoyo \xe 'I twist' (a handkerchief or anything thus). \xv 3. kpołwoyonwu \xe 'I twist the two or more things together' (such as string or handkerchiefs). \sd manner \sd motion \sd verbs \rf 90.379.4-380.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx połwoyotš \ps v \ge twisted, be \de to be twisted \mr [] \cf połwoyo \ce to twist \cf woyo \ce to braid \xv 1. tšišpołwoyotš \xe 'they two twisted themselves all together.' \xv 2. neʔešpołwoyotš \xe 'it is already twisted.' \xv 3. tšpołwoyotš ʔisʰap \xe 'he has a twisted horn.' \xv 4. tspołwoyotš hesipon̓ \xe 'this stick is twisted'; 'it corkscrews.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd descriptions \rf 90.380.3-382.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ponom \ps name \ge Ponom(o) \ge Oxford, site north of present-day \de site north of present-day Oxford \ee Harrington notes that it refers to ‘Ponomo site’ \xv 1. neʔekʰkúmli ponom \xe 'I arrived at Oxnard’ (or rather, Ponomo site). \sd places \sd names \lg JPH \rf 91.39.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ponpoʔon \a ponpoʔo̓n \va (ponpoʔo̓n) \ps n \ge board.REDUP \ge firewood.REDUP \ge driftwood.REDUP \ge pole.REDUP \ge stem (of a pipe).REDUP \ge stick.REDUP \de board.REDUP; driftwood.REDUP; firewood.REDUP; pole.REDUP; stem (of pipe).REDUP; sick.REDUP; tree.REDUP; wood.REDUP \cf pon̓ \ce board; driftwood; firewood; pole; stem (of pipe); sick; tree; wood \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pon̓ \a pón̓ \rd ponpoʔon \ps n \ge board \ge firewood \ge driftwood \ge pole \ge stem (of a pipe) \ge stick \ge tree \ge wood \de board; driftwood; firewood; pole; stem (of pipe); sick; tree; wood \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI pon̓ ‘wood; tree; stick; branch; board; plank; post,’ CRZ pon̓ ‘tree; wood,’ INZ pon̓ ‘tree; wood; stick,’ OBI ponoʼ ‘tree; stick; wood; firewood,’ PUY po’n̥o̥ ‘wood’ (Whistler 1980: 23; Beeler & Klar 1977: 126; SYBCI 2007: 278; Klar 19--b: 14; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.2) \xv 1. musʔił hałpon̓ \xe 'it has no trees.' \xv 2. heʔispon̓ sikpipa \xe 'the stem of the pipe.' \xv 3. neʔešaqša hesipon̓ \xe 'the wood is already dead.' \xv 4. hukełtse (he)kakʰpon̓ \xe 'I'm going to tie up my firewood to take home.' \xv 5. tsamsutapi sipon̓ \xe 'they stick the stick somewhere' (also said of putting firewood in the kitchen). \xv 6. tsiyutikay heʔištšeq sipon̓ \xe '(the bedbugs) hide in the cracks of the boards.' \xv 7. kinela kikʰəʔəł sipon̓ \xe 'at last I go and bring firewood.' \xv 8. hukwiwłpi hesipon̓ ʔitisi̥ʔi̥qip \xe 'I am going to nail this board to the door.' \xv 9. hukwisutapi hesipon̓ hemišup \xe 'I am going to drive this stake into the ground.' \xv 10. hukwixap hesiponpóʔon \xe 'I'm going to cross these two sticks like an X.' \xv 11. tsʔił ʔispon̓ kiloʔištəq kasʔił ʔisʔamə \xe 'it has a stem and at the tip of it is the fruit.' \xv 12. hukeqweł sipon̓ šaʔaxitšaʔaš \xe 'I am going to make a stick for fighting.' \xv 13. huktapi heʔismaʔam sipon̓ kałʔaquwałmay \xe 'I am going enter under the shadow of a tree to shade myself.' \xv 14. musitapi maʔam ʔištəʔəniwaš, tsamwəpwəpwu heʔištəʔəniwaš tsamsunuwus sipon̓ \xe 'the dogs did not enter the houses, they hit them with sticks if they entered.' \xv 15. tsʔił səʔəqəy kʔuwe musisuyawenpi lokasiyʔap kəʔəqəy kʔuwap siyapəti hesiponpoʔon \xe 'some chickens do not want to sleep in the chicken house, but go up in trees.' \xv 16. šik ʔi pon̓ \xe 'bedbug.' \xv 17. musʔił hałpon̓ \xe 'it has no trees.' \xv 18. musʔił hałtəptəpʰə̀ \xe 'there isn’t any forest.' \xv 19. musʔił təptəpʰə, mustəpʰə \xe 'there is no forest, the hill is bare.' \sd nature \sd plants \sd warfare \sd household \sd trees \lg JPH \rf 69.881; 90.382.2-387.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx popoʔo \ph pɔˈpɔˌʔɔ \ps n \ge cheek.REDUP \de cheek.REDUP \cf po \ce cheek \sd reduplications \dt 27/Jul/2011 \lx popo(waš) \a popowaš \ps n \ge grandfather, maternal \de maternal grandfather \cf wopo(waš) \ce paternal grandfather \xv 1. kakpopowaš \xe 'my maternal grandfather.' \sd kinship \sd people \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 88.298.1 \dt 17/Jun/2018 \lx poso \ps n \ge well (water or oil) \de well (water or oil) \mr [] \xv 1. tsqałkumit sukeqweł siposo \xe 'I got the idea of digging a well.' \xv 2. nupaʔaʔan ʔisqałkumit sukeqweł siposo \xe 'I got the idea of digging a well.' \sd borrowings \sd water \sd Spanish \sd places \lg TJPH \rf 90.244.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -posʰo- \ps vroot \ge know \de know of; associated with knowing \cf pošʰotš \ce to know (a fact) \cf sołposʰo \ce to tell smn his fate \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH; JPH \dt 17/Jun/2018 \lx poš \rd pošpoʔoš \ps n \ge heart \ge pinyon nut \ge pinenut \ge nut, pine \de heart; pinenut; pinyon nut \gn piñon \dn piñon \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI poš ‘singleleaf piñon pine’ & ʼayapis ‘heart,’ INZ poš ‘piñon nut; pinenut’ & ʼayapis ‘heart; core; pith of plant,’ PUY pis ‘heart’ (Whistler 1980: 23, 65; SYBCI 2007: 100, 279; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \cf ʔałtšuyapoʔoš \ce Milky Way \cf aqułtsposinus \ce to ram the heart out \cf šuyapoʔoš \ce to go collecting pinenuts \xv 1. tswaya ʔišpoš \xe 'he is happy.' \xv 2. tswaya hešikpoš \xe 'I am happy.' \xv 3. tsʔałxili šipoš \xe 'the piñon contains a lot of oil.' \xv 4. neʔeswəy hešikpoš \xe 'I am thinking and at last the thought changes.' \xv 5. tswəywəy hešikpoš \xe 'I keep changing my mind, thinking here and there.' \xv 6. tšnuxitʔisi loʔišpoš \xe 'it is sad at heart.' \xv 7. muštšum hešikpoš \xe 'I am sad' (lit., 'my heart is no good'). \xv 8. muštšum šikpoš \xe 'my heart is sad.' \xv 9. mušwašətš ʔišpoš \xe 'his heart is not good' (said of a man who is worrying or thinking all the time). \xv 10. tsʰiliyəwyəw hešikpoš \xe 'my heart is sad.' \xv 11. heʔišipošpoʔoš sikukuʔu ʔan tsisiliyəwyəw \xe 'the people's hearts are sad.' \xv 12. ʔałʔalušumi, wašətš ʔišpoš \xe 'he is hospitable.' \xv 13. lokapoš ʔan tskumu ʔismaʔam \xe 'my heart has four hollow places.' \xv 14. tšnuxitʔisi loʔišpoš, kikasʔip heʔišpoš \xe 'she was sick at heart and she said to herself.' \xv 15. tsʔip heʔišpoš lahukaqpalamaywu kʔuwe mukiyušʰošitšəši \xe 'he thought he was smarter than we were but we did not leave him.' \xv 16. tsiwon loʔišpoš kitsuwaqʰniʔił \xe 'its heart sounds and one hears it.' \sd anatomy \sd food \sd emotions \sd plants \rf 89.245.2; 90.389.1-391.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx pošotš \cf pošʰotš \ce to know (a fact) \sd variations \dt 27/Jul/2011 \lx pošpoʔoš \ps n \ge heart.REDUP \ge pinyon nut.REDUP \ge pine nut.REDUP \ge nut, pine.REDUP \de heart.REDUP; pinenut.REDUP; pinyon nut.REDUP \cf poš \ce heart; pinenut; pinyon nut \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pošʰotš \a pošotš \a pošótš \va (pošotš) \ps v \ge know (a fact) \de to know (a fact) \mr [] \xv 1. hukpošʰotš \xe 'I am going to know.' \xv 2. mukpošotš \xe 'I don't know.' \xv 3. mušipošʰotš nełtsiyʔip \xe 'they don't know what they say.' \xv 4. mušpošʰotš nełtsʔip \xe 'he doesn't know what he says.' \xv 5. mukpošʰotš nihusyət \xe 'I don't know if he will come.' \xv 6. lanokš kpošʰotš \xe 'only I know' ; 'I alone know.' \xv 7. musʔił ʔałpošotš \xe 'nobody knows about it.' \xv 8. mukpošotš ninašaqšanwaš \xe 'I don't know if she may have died.' \xv 9. tsałwa siku ʔan muʔampošʰotš, musʔił̕ ʔałpošʰotš \xe 'he killed someone and nobody knows.' \xv 10. kʰqisə siqunup kʔuwe mukʰpošotš ʔasku ʔałtskóko \xe 'I saw a child but I do not know who the father is.' \xv 11. mukpošʰotš hałkʔalaqikʔik kilatšə sikʔetsʰe \xe 'who knows what bothers my nostrils that makes me sneeze.' \xv 12. xilikšaši kimuhušampošʰotš hesikukuʔu lokakšałnetnetpi ! \xe 'take care that there people here do not find out about our predicament!' \xv 13. ksusamha, kʔuwe mukpošotš huki \xe 'I am aware of some sound, but I do not know what it is.' \xv 14. tšpošʰotš sałkumpiʔi \xe 'he knows the time.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd cognition \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.394.1-397.2; Travels1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx potspots \ps v \ge practice archery \ge archery, practice \ge practice shooting arrows at a bullseye \ge shooting arrows at a bullseye, practice \de to practice archery; to practice shooting arrows at a bullseye \ee This form is reduplicated, though at the time Harrington recorded this word there was no word ͽpots. \cf potspotsmu \ce place where archery is practiced; archery range of sorts \xv 1. kʰpotspots \xe 'I practice shooting arrows at a target.' \xv 2. tsampotspots \xe 'they are practicing archery' ; 'they are practicing shooting at the bullseye.' \xv 3. tsipotspots \xe 'they are practicing archery.' \xv 4. wəł lokakispotspotsmu ! \xe 'let's practice shooting the target !' \sd verbs \sd archery \sd hunting \sd reduplications \lg JPH \rf 90.387.3-388.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx potspotsmu \ps n \ge archery range \de place where archery is practiced; archery range of sorts \mr [] \cf potspots \ce to practice archery; to practice shooting arrows at a bullseye \xv 1. lokakpotspotsmu \xe 'the place where they always shoot.' \sd archery \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.388.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx potšoyi \ps n \ge lizard species \de lizard species \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI počoyi ‘long-tailed lizard species’ (Whistler 1980: 23) \ee Also translated as ‘guico.’ \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd nature \lg JPH; JJJ \rf 71.281.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx powipowi \ph pɔwɪˈpɔˌwɪ \a powipowin \va (powipowin-) \ps v \ge crooked, be \ge chevron, be \ge bent back and forth, be \ge zig-zag, be \de to be crooked; to be zig-zag; to be bent back and forth; to be chevron \cf powipowinli \ce to move in a zig-zag manner \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. tspowipowi \xe 'the snake is zig-zag in form.' \xv 2. tsxoyoyo ʔan tspowipowì \xe 'its flight is zig-zag or crooked' (said of a bat). \xv 3. lokatšotšonəʔəš ʔan tspowipowinli ʔisaqiwəwə \xe 'the fish bends his body when he swims.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd shape \sd stative \sd reduplications \lg JPH \rf 90.398.4-399.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx powipowinli \ps v \ge move in a zig-zag manner \ge zig-zag manner, move in a \de to move in a zig-zag manner \mr [] \cf powipowi \ce to be crooked; to be zig-zag; to be bent back and forth; to be chevron \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. lokatšotšonəʔəš ʔan tspowipowinli ʔisaqiwəwə \xe 'the fish bends his body when he swims.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.399.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pox \ps v \ge vocalize nasally \de to vocalize nasally \cf ʔanaqtskutipoxpox \ce mole \xv 1. no ʔan kʰpox \xe 'I talk through my nose.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʔałpox \xe 'I am nasally.' \sd language \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 71.825.1-2 \dt 04/Mar/2018 \lx poxox \ps n \ge ?needlefish \de ?needlefish \ee The term ͽʔewe is the word used in the dialect of Ojai to refer to the California barracuda. While Harrington indicates that this term refers to the barracuda, the Spanish translation ‘aguja’ ‘needle’ and the Barbareño cross reference indicate that the term refers to needlefish, family ϞBelonidae . See also California’s Department of Fish and Game: www.dfg.ca.gov. \sd animals \sd fish \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.11.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ps- \a pš- \va (pš-) \ps vpre \de -meaning uncertain- \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ps- ⁓ pš- ‘unanalyzable element between prefixes and verb roots’ (SYBCI 2007: 280) \cf ʔałwałpštəhə \ce lizard species \cf ʔantipšnekey̓ \ce lizard (species) \cf nipswoko \ce to pain the stomach of \cf nipšnoko \ce to pain \cf qiłpštəhə \ce to open one's eyes suddenly \cf qunpstu \ce skirt ornament; peso \cf wałpštəhə \ce to throw with the finger \cf wenepskʔewewe \ce to wriggle along \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \rf SYBCI 2007: 280 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx psnekey \ps v \ge turned up, be \ge point up \de to be turned up; to point up \cf ʔantipšnekey̓ \ce lizard (species) \cf nipsnekey \ce to bend the top of bow backward \xv 1. tsxilapət ʔišnuxš (Ϟor tspsnekey ʔišnuxš) \xe 'the end of his nose turns up.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʰpsnekéy \xe 'I am standing up straight.' \xv 3. tspsnekey heʔištək sitaliw \xe 'the point of this bow is bent backward.' \xv 4. tsispsnekey heʔištəktə́ʔək sitaliw \xe 'the two points of the bow are bent backward.' \sd verbs \sd archery \sd body \lg JPH \rf 90.399.3-400.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx -psuy- \ps vroot \ge fall down in droplets \de fall down in droplets \ee Harrington acknowledges this as a root. \cf šuxułpšuy \ce to singe smn/smth; to burn smn/smth \cf ułpsuyuyu \ce to be drizzling \cf wałpsuy \ce to sprinkle with water from fingers \cf wułpsuy \ce to drizzle (like rain) \sd vroots \sd roots \sd water \lg TJPH; JPH \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx pš- \cf ps- \ce -meaning uncertain- \sd variations \dt 13/Mar/2012 \lx pšaʔan \ps n \ge California bay (leaves) \ge bay (leaves), California \ge California laurel \ge laurel, California \de California bay (leaves); California laurel \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (220 221). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.68.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -pšokʔi- \ps vroot \ge fall over \de fall over \cf šuwatipšokʔi \ce to knock over; to knock down \cf watipšokʔi \ce to fall while in the middle of doing smth \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \rf 91.56.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pšoš \ps n \ge gophersnake \ge snake (non-poisonous types) \de gophersnake; snake (non-poisonous types) \et *pSoS \ec Compare BOI pšoš ‘gophersnake,’ CRZ pšoš ⁓ pšoʼoš ‘gophersnake,’ INZ pšoš ‘gophersnake,’ OBI (c)psoso ‘gophersnake’ (Klar 1977: 89) \cf tipšoši \ce to be coiled up \xv 1. lokaʔəqəy ʔan tštum kašnehet lokapšoš \xe 'the hen lays eggs like the snake.' \xv 2. lokapšoš ʔan tštum kašnehet lokaʔəqəy \xe 'the snake lays eggs like the hen.' \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 89.163.4; 91.231.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx pštə \ps n \ge body louse/lice \ge lice/louse, body \ge louse/lice, body \de body louse/lice \ee There was a white species that was a headlouse, and there was a gray black species that was a bodylouse. \cf šik \ce headlouse/headlice; shell worm \xv 1. ʔəhə sikʰinpštə hesiktoqʔoloł \xe 'I have lice in my armpit.' \xv 2. inpštənàš \xe 'a body and louse' (whose you don’t know). \xv 3. lokoʔoteł kałmušpiwetš ʔan kałʔəhə šipštə \xe 'a cheap hotel has a lot of lice.' \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.401.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pu \rd puhpuʔu \ps n \ge hand/arm \ge arm/hand \ge useful hand \de hand/arm; useful hand \ee It seems that this word can be used metaphorically to refer to certain kin who are closely related. \mr [] \et *puh (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI pu ‘hand,’ CRZ -puʼu in wačpuʼu ‘finger,’ INZ pu ‘hand,’ OBI pu ‘hand,’ and PUY pu ‘arm’ (Klar 1977: 15; Harrington 1986: 3.6.25.1) \cf ʔelelespuh \ce salamander species; ?water dog \cf puʔuł \ce to dig up \cf puhu \ce abalone shell with tar-plugged holes \cf pulaʔaš \ce instrument for digging (such as was used for digging brodiaea bulbs) \cf puləʔəš \ce digging stick \cf punipuni \ce to have many twigs or branches \cf punwaš \ce hand/paw of dead creature \cf tspu \ce branch; twig \xv 1. tsʔałxilitš hesikpu \xe 'my hand is greasy.' \xv 2. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan ʔułʔułyi heʔispu \xe 'that man has his hands very long.' \xv 3. tštəš hesikʰpu \xe 'my hand is swollen from poison oak.' \xv 4. kapʰpupuu \xe 'your hands.' \xv 5. kapišpupuu \xe 'the hands of you two.' \xv 6. hesikpu \xe 'my hand.' \xv 7. hesikpuhpúʔù \xe 'my two hands.' \xv 8. tšapišošoy hesikpu \xe 'my arm is tanned by the sun.' \xv 9. pu ʔi ʔałkuyuw̓ \xe 'my right hand.' \xv 10. tsamaqsik heʔispu ka loʔisʔəł \xe 'they tied his hands and feet.' \xv 11. tsinspu lokakališxay \xe 'my elder sister's son' (lit., my elder sister's arm). \xv 12. kʔetʔetš ʔišpunwaš sixus \xe 'I put on a necklace [with] a bear’s front paw.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4; 90.401.1-404.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx puʔpu \a puʔpú \a puʔpù \ps n \ge roadrunner \de roadrunner \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI pupʼu ‘roadrunner,’ INZ pʼupʼuʼ ‘roadrunner,’ OBI puʼ ‘roadrunner,’ PUY pu ‘roadrunner’ (Whistler 1980: 23; Klar 19__b: 14; Harrington 1986: 3.71.569.1) \xv 1. puʔpú ʔan tštapi saʔałmam̓útš sipón̓ [kanawa štapi] kiskitwo [ʔan tsiyoxmow si pawapáw̓ heʔišyəwəš] \xe 'Roadrunner entered a hallow of wood (?sticks) [when he entered] and he went out [flies were bunched on his head].' \xv 2. lokašteleq lapuʔpu ʔan tsameqʰwel sitsux \xe 'they make a headdress of its tail.' \sd birds \sd animals \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.570.2; Roadrunner4-7 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx puʔuł \a puł \va (puł) \ps v \ge dig up \de to dig up \ee While similar in meaning, ͽušʔeš and ͽušpay are used of digging a hole, not of digging in order to bring something up from underground. \mr [] \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ pul ‘to dig’ (SYBCI 2007: 280) \cf pu \ce hand/arm; useful hand \cf pulaʔaš \ce instrument for digging (such as was used for digging brodiaea bulbs) \cf puləʔəš \ce digging stick \sy ušʔeš \sy ušpay \xv 1. kpuł \xe 'I dig it up' (said of potatoes, etc.). \xv 2. hukpuł ʔišiqʔo \xe 'I am going to dig brodiaea bulbs (cacomites).' \xv 3. kaspuʔuł simom̓oy \xe 'and she dug up some toloache.' \sd verbs \sd geography \lg JPH \rf 90.408.3-4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx puhpuʔu \ph pʊhˈpʊˀʊ \a pupuu \va (pupuu) \ps n \ge hand/arm.REDUP \ge arm/hand.REDUP \de hand/arm.REDUP \cf pu \ce hand/arm; useful hand \sd reduplications \dt 17/Jun/2018 \lx puhu \ps n \ge abalone shell with tar-plugged holes \de abalone shell with tar-plugged holes \mr [] \ee Also say ͽpuhu ͽʔi ͽqašə. \sy štuʔiwaš \cf pu \ce hand/arm; useful hand \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.321.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx puł \cf puʔuł \ce to dig up \sd variations \dt 29/Apr/2011 \lx pulaʔaš \ps n \ge instrument for digging (such as was used for digging brodiaea bulbs) \de instrument for digging (such as was used for digging brodiaea bulbs) \ee This is likely a variant of ͽpulaʔaš. \mr [] \cf pu \ce hand/arm; useful hand \cf puʔuł \ce to dig up \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.409.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pulakʔakʔ \ps n \ge woodpecker species \de woodpecker species \ee Described as the only bird that puts acorns in trees. \et *pVlakʔa(kʔ) \ec Compare BOI pulakʼak ‘California woodpecker; acorn woodpecker’, INZ pulakʼakʼ ‘acorn woodpecker’, OBI (t)pilakʼa ‘woodpecker’ (Whistler 1980: 53; SYBCI 2007: 281; Klar 1977: 116) \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.560.2-561.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx puləʔəš \va (pulaʔaš) \ps n \ge digging stick \de digging stick \ee It is noted that this was used particularly for digging brodiaea bulbs (cacomites). It is likely that ͽpulaʔaš is a variant of this word. \mr [] \cf pu \ce hand/arm; useful hand \cf puʔuł \ce to dig up \xv 1. hesikpulaʔaš \xe 'my digging stick.' \sd tools \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.409.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pułhewu \ps n \ge sheep \de sheep \gn borrego \dn borrego \mr [] \cf lana \ce wool \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \xv 1. tsyət sipułhewù ʔałtałhewitš \xe 'a sheep is coming with its young.' \xv 2. tsʔił sikʰintšuš sipułhewu \xe 'I have a sheep skin.' \xv 3. kʔałxilikwu ʔipułhewu \xe 'I am herding sheep' (lit., 'I am the caretaker of sheep'). \xv 4. no ʔan kpułhewu kʔałmanəš \xe 'I am a lost sheep.' \xv 5. tsiwon sipułhewù ; tštšokʰ ʔi siwon \xe 'the sheep sounds ; the sound is hiccoughy.' \sd animals \sd husbandry \sd food \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd mammals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.909.2; 90.409.3-410.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx puluy \ps n \ge Canadian goose \ge goose, Canadian \de Canadian goose \gn grulla \dn grulla \xv 1. lokapuluy ʔan tšuwaʔixša ʔištəqʰšaʔàš \xe 'the Canadian goose is ashy colored.' \xv 2. tsʔip, "ͼ[pββββ] ͼ[pββββ] ͼ[pββββ]" \xe 'it [the Canadian goose] says, "[pββββ] [pββββ] [pββββ]" (β indicates vibrating lips).' \sd animals \sd birds \sd onomatopoeia \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.504.1-505.2, 562.1-564.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx punipuni \ps v \ge have many twigs or branches \ge twigs or branches, have many \ge branches or twigs, have many \de to have many twigs or branches \ee This is said of a stick and means, literally, to have many arms. \mr [<(puh (hand/arm) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)).ϡredupϡ>] \cf pu \ce hand/arm; useful hand \xv 1. tspunipuni hesipon̓ \xe 'this stick has many branches.' \sd plants \sd descriptions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.410.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx punwaš \ps n \ge hand/paw of dead creature \de hand/paw of dead creature \cf pu \ce hand/arm; useful hand \xv 1. kʔetʔetš ʔišpunwaš sixus \xe 'I put on a necklace [with] a bear’s front paw.' \dt 28/Dec/2018 \lx pupuu \cf puhpuʔu \ce hand/arm.REDUP \sd variations \dt 27/Jul/2011 \lx puq \a pux \va (pux) \ps v \ge put (string) through \ge pierce (with string) \ge string \ge thread \de to put (a string) through; to pierce (with string); to string; to thread \cf puqaš \ce mat with string running through pierced tule \xv 1. kpuq \xe 'I put string through.' \xv 2. hukpuq \xe 'I am going to make a pierced mat.' \xv 3. hukpuq hesikʔawuxa \xe 'I am going to thread my needle.' \xv 4. hukpuq šaʔałtaqaš \xe 'I am going to string abalone.' \xv 5. hukpuq šipoš \xe 'I am going to string some pinenuts.' \xv 6. lokaʔałhuʔampuq \xe 'that which they are going to string.' \xv 7. neʔešpuqaš \xe 'it is already strung.' \xv 8. neʔešpuqašpi šimiyaš \xe 'it is already strung with thread.' \xv 9. tssununa ʔišulišwu saʔantipšnekéy̓ kanawa səhəʔən kisitspuxwu \xe 'he began to catch lizards and when he had plenty he strung them and went away.' \sd tools \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.405.1-406.4,408.1-2; Roadrunner79-80/69.1091.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx puqaš \ps n \ge mat with string running through pierced tule \de mat with string running through pierced tule \ee This term was also sometimes applied to ͽʔalaskə, as the knapsacks were also sewn through with a needle. \mr [] \cf puq \ce to put (a string) through; to pierce (with string); to string; to thread \sd household \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.407.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx puru \ps n \ge cigar \de cigar \mr [] \xv 1. kpoʔon hesikpuru \xe 'I hold this cigar in my mouth.' \sd common \sd gaming \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.411.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pux \cf puq \ce to put (a string) through; to pierce (with string); to string; to thread \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx puy \ps n \ge dew \de dew \mr [] \cf ʔuxpuyaʔaš \ce blowhole; instrument for sprinkling floor \cf puyhu \ce to dew; to have dew fall \cf suxpuy \ce to add water \cf uqpuy \ce to slop water onto \cf uxpuy \ce to blow water; to spout \xv 1. kaskuʔum lokanayúsnapiyətus ʔispuy, kisamsutapi \xe 'the time came when there was going to be a heavy dew, and they took it indoors.' \sd elements \sd water \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.404.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx puyawət \a huyawət \va (huyawət) \ps n \ge California condor \ge condor, California \de California condor \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI wit ‘condor’ (Whistler 1980: 12) \ee The birds ͽtslow̓ (eagle), ͽhuyawət (condor), and ͽʔonhoq (turkey vulture) are said to quit the foulness of the world. Also given as ͽhuyawət, which may be a reference to the word for Santa Catalina Island: ͽhuya. \xv 1. lokapuyawət ʔan tsʔowowo loʔištoqʔoloł \xe 'the condor is white under its wings.' \xv 2. lokaku kaʔiyatʔap huya ʔan tšiyaqʰškutiwəšwu sipuyawət \xe 'the people of Santa Catalina domesticated the condors.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.553.1, 554.2-556.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx puyhu \ps v \ge dew fall, have \de to dew; to have dew fall \mr [] \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI puyan ‘to be dewey; to be covered with dew,’ INZ puyan ‘to be dewy; to be damp with dew’ (Beeler 1978: 183; SYBCI 2007: 282) \cf puy \ce dew \xv 1. tsupuyhu ͼ[sic.] \xe 'the dew falls.' \xv 2. sinawa saqsəw lokaspuyhu \xe 'when the dew is dry.' \sd meteorology \sd nature \sd water \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.404.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -pVʔVw- \ge related to expenses \cf ispuwe \ce to buy; to rent \cf išpiwetš \ce to charge; to sell \cf išpuwen \ce to pay; to pay smn back \cf piʔiw \ce to cost \cf piwetš \ce to be costly \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx pʰala \a pʰalà \ps prcl \de -meaning uncertain- \et ɕ \ec Compare possibly related INZ pala ‘as soon as, no sooner than’ (SYBCI 2007: 264). \xv 1. kasaʔantipšnekéy̓ pʰalà ʔan tsʰinayuswu \xe 'and he trapped lizards.' \xv 2. tskum puʔpù, kʔùwe kəpə ʔan musʔił pʰalà hałtsʔutʔaw \xe 'Roadrunner arrived, but this time she brought no prey either.' \sd particles \lg TJPH \rf 69.1087.2/Roadrunner14 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx pʰapʰaw \ps v \ge light (weight), be \de to be light \ee As is said of light weight wood. \xv 1. lokapon̓ kaʔałpʰapʰaw \xe 'light wood.' \sd plants \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 90.417.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx pʰatata \ps v \ge break \ge separate \ge split apart \de to break; to separate; to split apart \ee This is used in instances such as of a chrysalis opening. \cf nipʰatata \ce to break open \cf wipʰatata \ce to break smth apart \xv 1. knipʰatata \xe 'I break (dry bread) apart with my hands.' \xv 2. tspʰatata \xe 'it crumbles.' \xv 3. muspʰatata \xe 'it is not cut/in pieces.' \xv 4. neʔespʰatata \xe 'it is already cut' (said of bread). \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.417.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pʰilisala \a pilisala \va (pilisala) \ps n \ge blanket \de blanket \ee The standard spelling of this word in Spanish is frazada. \mr [] \xv 1. kaxwitš ʔiškom̓ sipʰilisala no ʔan ktiwałtu hesikpantalon \xe 'I put two blankets over my shoulders, I wore two pairs of pants, one over the other.' \xv 2. kasusiyeqweł sipilisala \xe 'to make blankets.' \sd clothes \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.418.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pʰilitu \ps v \ge fry \de to fry \mr [] \cf pʰilitutš \ce to be fried \xv 1. tsampʰilitu \xe 'they fry it.' \xv 2. hukpʰilitu ʔisʔał \xe 'I'm going to fry some liver.' \sd verbs \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.418.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pʰilitutš \ps v \ge fried, be \de to be fried \mr [] \cf pʰilitu \ce to fry \xv 1. neʔespʰilitutš \xe 'it is always fried.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.418.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -pʔel- \ps vroot \ge separate vertebrae \de separate vertebrae \cf kepʔeł \ce to cut through (smn’s neck) \cf nipʔeł \ce to break joint(s); to break smn’s back/neck \cf pʔelutš \ce to break one's neck \sd vroots \sd roots \sd body \sd health \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pʔelutš \ps v \ge break one's neck \de to break one's neck \mr [] \xv 1. tšpʔelutš \xe 'he broke his neck.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.413.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx pʔow \ps v \ge bent, be \ge stoop shouldered, be \de to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \cf ʔałpʔow \ce stoop-shouldered person \cf aqnipʔow \ce to appear sagging; to appear bent \cf imoxpʔow \ce to make curved by working (with tools, etc.) \cf maxsupʔow \ce to bend by pulling \cf moxpʔow \ce to be bent down; to be bent over \cf nipʔow \ce to bend \cf nuxš \ce nose \cf powipowi \ce to be crooked; to be zig-zag; to be bent back and forth; to be chevron \cf quntipʔow \ce to be bent (?said of smth long) \cf sumoxpʔow \ce to bend \cf supʔowi \ce to place in a zig-zag pattern \cf suquntipʔow \ce to bend smth \cf sutipʔow \ce to bend quickly \cf wipʔow \ce to make curved with blows \xv 1. kpʔow \xe 'I have [my] body bent forward like stoopshouldered.' \xv 2. tspʔow ʔišni \xe 'he has a leaning forward neck.' \xv 3. ʔałpow ʔišni \xe 'his head is forward-leaning' (said of a more habitual state, an on-going state). \xv 4. lamitʔi ʔispʔow \xe 'it is just a little crooked.' \xv 5. tspʔow ʔišnuxš \xe 'he has a Jewish/Roman nose' ; 'its nose is bent/crooked.' \xv 6. kikə ʔan kiʔałpʔow \xe 'we are stoop-shouldered.' \xv 7. tspʔow hesipon̓ \xe 'this board is bend.' \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.413.2-415.3; 90.243.4; 93.61.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qahaš \a qaháš \ps v \ge overeat \ge eat too much of anything \de to overeat; to eat too much of anything \xv 1. kqaháš \xe 'I have overeaten, eaten too much of anything.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.973.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qal- \a qał- \a qat- \a qatʔ- \a xał- \a xatʔ- \a xeł- \a ?xoł- \va (qał-, qat-, qatʔ-, xał-, xatʔ-, xeł-, ?xoł-) \ps vpre \ge by coming together \ge coming together, by \ge INSTR.together \de by coming together \ee Mamet (2008: 74) translates this as 'by wrapping,' but note ͽqałkum and ͽsuqałkənəʔət. Glossed as INSTR.together. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI qala- ⁓ qan- ⁓ xala- ⁓ xal̓- ‘of tying or binding,’ INZ qal- ⁓ xal- ‘tying’ (Wash 2001: 54; SYBCI 2007: 283) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl dim \pdv qan- \pde INSTR.together.DIM \cf qalałpaš \ce to be bunched up loosely; to be folded up \cf qalałpay \ce to gather smth up (as a sheet or handkerchief) \cf qałkənəʔət \ce to gather around; to surround (voluntarily) \cf qałkum \ce to get an idea; to have an idea come to one \cf qałmasəx \ce to tie three things together (by wrapping another around them) \cf qałtsunałmu \ce waist \cf qałtsuteqpey \ce to tie together so as to close a space between two items \cf qałtsəx \ce to tighten; to tie tight \cf qałtsilikʔe \ce to have a hair pug in the top middle of one’s head; to have a pug on the side of one’s head \cf qałtšəxš \ce to be close-woven \cf qałtšəxšaši \ce to tighten on oneself \cf qałwiłpi \ce to tie two long things together side by side \cf qantʔatʔax \ce to pull low over the head (said of a handkerchief or hat) \cf qantʔuyuyu \ce to be small around, tight-fitting (said of cuffs on clothes) \cf qantsutsu \ce to have hair in a ridge longitudinally with both the right and left sides clipped; to wear a pug in front of the head \cf qantštiwis \ce to wear one's pants low, just above the hips and down lower in front and behind \cf qataxa \ce to string a bow \cf qatʔiwəš \ce to lay together side by side; to fasten together side by side \cf suqałkənəʔət \ce to place in a circle \cf šuqalałpašʰəši \ce to curl up on oneself; to bunch up \cf xałmasəx \ce to carry three things bound together \cf xałməkəʔə \ce to jump very far together \cf xałtu \ce to carry two things \cf xałtsiqʔom \ce to double smth back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔoməš \ce smth bent back on itself \cf xałtštəpəq \ce to tie up (said of a braid of hair or a molote) \cf xałwił \ce to wrap a dead body \cf xałwilaš \ce wrapped corpse \cf xatʔapəti \ce to go up quickly \cf xatʔaqsik \ce to close by tying together \cf xełmes \ce to jump or spring across \cf xełtelele \ce I. braid; plait II. to braid; to plait \cf xołxołnowo \ce to move with jumps \cf xołxonowo \ce to jump \sd instrumentals \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 27/Aug/2019 \lx qalałpaš \ps v \ge crumpled, be \ge folded up, be \de to be bunched up loosely; to be folded up \ee One could not say ͽtšiqalałpaš of bunches of flowers. \mr [] \cf qalałpay \ce to gather smth up (as a sheet or handkerchief) \cf šuqalałpašʰəši \ce to curl up on oneself; to bunch up \xv 1. tšqalałpatš \xe 'it is already gathered together' (not spread out; said of handkerchief). \xv 2. tšiqalałpaš \xe 'they are all folded together.' \xv 3. tšqalałpaš \xe 'it is bunched or folded in a bundle like a sack of salt here on the table all crumpled into a loose ball.' \sd verbs \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 90.86.1.-3; 91.12.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qalałpay \ps v \ge gather smth up (as a sheet or handkerchief) \de to gather smth up (as a sheet or handkerchief) \mr [] \cf qalałpaš \ce to be bunched up loosely; to be folded up \cf šuqalałpašʰəši \ce to curl up on oneself; to bunch up \xv 1. hukqalałpapy hesikpanyu \xe 'I gather my handkerchief together' (with hands, after the handkerchief has been spread out). \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.85.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qalatsaʔan \rd qalatsʔaʔan \ps v \ge grow naturally (without sowing) \ge grow voluntarily \de to grow naturally (without sowing); to grow voluntarily \xv 1. tsqalatsaʔan \xe 'the plant comes up without sowing.' \xv 2. tsqalatsaʔan \xe 'it comes up voluntarily without being sowed' (like a pumpkin). \xv 3. tsqalatsʔaʔan \xe 'the plant comes up of its own accord.' \sd plants \sd food \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.86.4-87.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qalatsʔaʔan \ps v \ge grow naturally (without sowing).REDUP \ge grow voluntarily.REDUP \de to grow naturally (without sowing).REDUP; to grow voluntarily.REDUP \cf qalatsaʔan \ce to grow naturally (without sowing); to grow voluntarily \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qałkənəʔət \ps v \ge gather around \ge surround (voluntarily) \de to gather around; to surround (voluntarily) \mr [] \cf kənəʔət \ce to go around; to put around \cf suqałkənəʔət \ce to place in a circle \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.86.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qałkum \ps vt \ge have an idea \ge idea, have an \de to get an idea; to have an idea come to one \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \xv 1. tsqałkumit sukeqweł siposo \xe 'I got the idea of digging a well.' \xv 2. nupaʔaʔan ʔisqałkumit sukeqweł siposo \xe 'I just got the idea of digging a well.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.87.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qałmasəx \ps v \ge tie three things together (by wrapping another around them) \de to tie three things together (by wrapping another around them) \ee This does not seem to mean 'to French braid.' \mr [] \cf masəx \ce three \xv 1. kʰqałmasəx \xe 'I tie the three together, passing the tyings around all the 3 together.' \xv 2. kxałmasəx \xe 'I carry three (things) together in my hand.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.88.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qałtsəx \ps vt \ge tighten \ge tie tight \de to tighten; to tie tight \ee This is said of tying smth tight or turning a faucet tight. \mr [] \cf qałtšəxš \ce to be close-woven \cf qałtšəxšaši \ce to tighten on oneself \xv 1. qałtsəxus \xe 'pull the horses cinch tight.' \xv 2. kʰqałtsəx \xe 'I turn the faucet off tight.' \xv 3. kʰqałtsəx hesikʰkawayu \xe 'I tied my horse tight.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 90.88.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qałtsilikʔe \ps v \ge have a hair pug in the top middle of one’s head \ge pug in the top middle of one’s head, have a hair \ge have a pug on the side of one’s head \ge pug on the side of one’s head, have a \de to have a hair pug in the top middle of one’s head; to have a pug on the side of one’s head \ee Harrington's consultant was not very familiar with this term, noting that he had not seen such a hair style. \mr [] \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \cf qantsutsu \ce to have hair in a ridge longitudinally with both the right and left sides clipped; to wear a pug in front of the head \cf qonyoso \ce to wear a pug on top of the head; to wear a molote \xv 1. tsqałtsilikʔe \xe 'he has a hair plug on the middle of the top of his head.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʰqałtsilikʔe \xe 'I have a hair pug thus.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.88.4-89.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qałtsunałmu \ps n \ge waist \de waist \mr [] \ee A man might use this of his waist, but it is a word used of women’s waists – at least it was used of women insofar as Harrington’s consultant had heard. \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf sunaʔał \ce to make go; to cause to go; to set loose \xv 1. hesik(ʰ)qałtsunałmu \xe 'my waist.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.89.3; 94.392.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qałtsuteqpey \ps v \ge tie together so as to close a space between two items \de to tie together so as to close a space between two items \mr [] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf suteqpey \ce to hitch/connect (as in when attaching a wagon to horses); to glue to \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \xv 1. kʰqałtsuteqpeywu \xe 'I tie it together tight' (said of tying one box tight to another, mending a crack by tying it). \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.89.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qałtsutiłmu \ps n \ge petticoats \ge underskirts \de petticoats; underskirts \mr [] \cf ʔił \ce to exist \cf utiʔił \ce to be under \xv 1. hesikʰqałtsutiłmu \xe 'me petticoats or whatever I wear under my skirt' (said by women). \xv 2. kqisqisə lokasqałtsutiłmu hesixʔanwa \xe 'I see the underskirts of this woman.' \xv 3. hesixʔanwa ʔan hałtsqałtsutiłmu \xe 'this woman doesn't have any underskirts.' \sd clothes \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.90.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qałtšəxš \ps v \ge close-woven, be \de to be close-woven \mr [] \cf qałtsəx \ce to tighten; to tie tight \xv 1. kqałtšəxš \xe 'I am tightening them tight.' \xv 2. tšqałtšəxše \xe 'it is woven tight' (said of water-tight reed). \sd basketry \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.90.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qałtšəxšaši \ps v \ge tighten on oneself \de to tighten on oneself \ee This can be said of a rope but not a clam. \mr [] \cf qałtsəx \ce to tighten; to tie tight \xv 1. tšqałtšəxšaši \xe 'it tightens on itself.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.91.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qałwiłpi \ps v \ge tie two long things together side by side \de to tie two long things together side by side \mr [] \xv 1. kʰqałwiłpi \xe 'I tie it together with another stick, the two side by side.' \xv 2. kʰqałwiłpi \xe 'I wrap a string about them, tie them together.' \xv 3. tsamqałwiłpi \xe 'I tied the two sticks together side by side.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukqałwiłpi hesipon̓ ʔiti ʔisiya \xe 'I am going to tie this stick to this chair.' \xv 5. kʰqatʔiwəš lokakʰya lokakʔax \xe 'I put my arrows side by side with my bow together.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.91.2-92.1; 94.399.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qamaqtu \cf kamaqtu \ce to remove half by cutting in the middle \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qantʔatʔax \a qantʔatax \va (qantʔatax) \ps v \ge pull low over the head (said of a handkerchief or hat) \de to pull low over the head (said of a handkerchief or hat) \mr [] \cf panyunitš \ce to wear handkerchief or cloth around head horizontally \xv 1. kqantʔatax \xe 'I wear a handkerchief around head passing over top of my head with tips tied under my chin.' \xv 2. hukqantʔatʔax \xe 'I am going to pull my hat down so it comes down low on each side of my head but I can see out in front.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.92.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qantʔuyuyu \ps v \ge small around, tight-fitting (said of cuffs on clothes), be \ge tight-fitting (said of cuffs on clothes), be small around and \de to be small around, tight-fitting (said of cuffs on clothes) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałqantʔuyuyu \pde to be small around, tight-fitting (said of cuffs on clothes).NZ \xv 1. ʔałqantʔuyuyu (Ϟor tsqantʔuyuyu) \xe 'it is small-around or tight-fitting' (said only sleeves at wrists or pantaloons at ankles as far as consultant observed). \xv 2. tsqantʔuyuyu \xe 'my pants are close or tight-fitting.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 90.92.4-93.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qantsutsu \ps v \ge hair in a ridge longitudinally, with both the right and left sides clipped, have \ge have hair in a ridge longitudinally, with both the right and left sides clipped \ge wear a pug in front of the head \de to have hair in a ridge longitudinally with both the right and left sides clipped; to wear a pug in front of the head \ee The front of the hair would be clipped like bangs. This verb was also used of a horse’s forelock. \mr [] \cf qałtsilikʔe \ce to have a hair pug in the top middle of one’s head; to have a pug on the side of one’s head \cf qonyoso \ce to wear a pug on top of the head; to wear a molote \xv 1. no ʔan hukʰqantsutsu \xe 'I am going to make my hair into a bun (molote) on the front of my head.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.1009.2; 71.592.2; 90.93.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qantštiwis \ps v \ge wear pants low \de to wear one's pants low, just above the hips and down lower in front and behind \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałqantštiwis \pde to wear one's pants low, just above the hips and down lower in front and behind.NZ \cf tiwis \ce anus; bottom \xv 1. ʔałqantštiwis (Ϟor tšqantštiwis) \xe 'he wears his trousers down lower in front and behind.' \xv 2. tštiyam sikpantalon \xe 'my pants are slipping down.' \xv 3. huksutapət hesikpantalon \xe 'I am going to pull my pants up higher' (means also to pull bases of pants up to cross mud puddle). \xv 4. šutapətš losipnawas ! lapapətpət \xe 'pull up your petticoats, you are treading on them!' \sd clothes \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.93.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx -qap- \ps nroot \ge feather \ge leaf \de feather; leaf \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI qap ‘leaf; feather,’ CRZ qapa ‘leaf; feather,’ INZ qap ‘leaf; feather,’ OBI qap in cqap łmanɨ ‘limpet’ (Whistler 1980: 24; Beeler & Klar 1977: 89; SYBCI 2007: 284; Klar 19--b: 15) \cf ʔałqapatš \ce bird \cf qaputš \ce to be feathered \cf tsqap \ce feather; leaf \cf tsqapuni \ce spring-time \sd nroots \sd roots \sd animals \sd plants \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qaputš \ps v \ge feathered, be \de to be feathered \ee This could not refer to scales as far as consultant knew. \mr [] \xv 1. tšqaputš \xe 'it has many feathers.' \sd animals \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.95.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qaqš \ps v \ge bald, be \de to be bald \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałqaqš \pde to be bald.NZ \xv 1. no ʔan kʔałqaqš \xe 'I am bald' (I am a bald person). \xv 2. pqaqš \xe 'you are bald.' \xv 3. kqaqš \xe 'I am bald.' \xv 4. ʔałqaqš \xe 'a bald person.' \xv 5. nelahukʰqaqš \xe 'at last I am going bald.' \xv 6. neʔešqaqš kahe neʔemusʔił hałtšʔišmekʔew̓ \xe 'she was already bald and she no longer had any eyebrows.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd health \lg TJPH \rf 89.218.1, 228.1; 90.84.3-85.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qas \rd qasqas \rd qasqaʔas \ps n \ge sand \ge beach sand \de sand; beach sand \xv 1. tšiyuštšʔəmətšəši lokaʔałʔoʔotš kaqas \xe 'it buries itself in the wet sand.' \xv 2. hesimuwu šaʔalaxsəw siqasqas \xe 'in the dry sand of the beach.' \xv 3. tšʰəhətš losiqasqas \xe 'the sand has formed a bank' (at the beach). \xv 4. losuʔułʔułyi si qásqas \xe 'sandbar' (can be underwater or above). \xv 5. tseqeqweł sikuhkuʔu losiqasqas \xe 'the man is modeling figures of the people in the sand.' \xv 6. tsiyitsitsʔa losiqasqas \xe 'the children are playing in the sand.' \xv 7. tswałwał hesiqásqas \xe 'the beach sand has little holes made by sand fleas, etc., in it.' \xv 8. loʔištək siqasqas \xe 'there is a sandy point.' \xv 9. tsteqpey hesiqasqas \xe 'it is stuck in the sand.' \xv 10. losuʔułʔułyi ʔi qásqas \xe 'sanddunes.' \sd geology \sd elements \lg JPH \rf 90.96.1-99.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qasił \ps name \ge Qasił \de Qasił \ee The pronunciation ͽqasił is Ventureño Chumash for the dialect from this area. \sd names \sd places \lg JPH \rf 69.954.1 \dt 21/Aug/2018 \lx qasqaʔas \ps n \ge beach sand.REDUP \ge sand.REDUP \de sand.REDUP; beach sand.REDUP \cf qas \ce sand; beach sand \sd reduplications \dt 30/Jul/2011 \lx qasqas \ps n \ge beach sand.REDUP \ge sand.REDUP \de sand.REDUP; beach sand.REDUP \cf qas \ce sand; beach sand \sd reduplications \dt 30/Jul/2011 \lx qašə \ps n \ge abalone (red abalone; blue abalone) \de abalone (red abalone; blue abalone) \cf tʔaya \ce abalone (black abalone) \xv 1. loʔkaqašə ʔan nawayiwaš kiwə nayištoploqʔi lokaštuʔwaš \xe 'the abalone is old for its shell is rotten.' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd shellfish \lg JPH \rf 70.134.2, 136 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qataxa \ps v \ge string bow \de to string a bow \mr [] \xv 1. hukʰqataxa hesikʰtaliw \xe 'I am going to string my bow.' \xv 2. kʰqatʔaxa \xe 'I already prepared the bow.' \sd verbs \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.99.3-100.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qatʔiwəš \ps v \ge lay together \ge fasten together side by side \de to lay together side by side; to fasten together side by side \mr ?[] \cf ʔiwə \ce countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \xv 1. kʰqatʔiwəš \xe 'I put two sticks side by side together and tie them.' \xv 2. kʰqatʔiwəš \xe 'I tie two together.' \xv 3. kʰqatʔiwəš lokakʰya lokakʔax \xe 'I put my arrow side by side with my bow together.' \xv 4. kʰqałwiłpi \xe 'I wrap a string about them, tie them together.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd position \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.100.2-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qawawa \ps n \ge wing \ge fin \de wing; fin \mr [] \cf ʔałwašqawawhatš \ce centipede \cf qawawaha \ce to be winged \cf qawawhanitš \ce to be positioned with the arms straight out to the side of the body \cf qawawahatš \ce to be positioned with the arms straight out to the side of the body \cf susqawawha \ce to extend one’s arms straight out from the shoulder \cf wałqawawatš \ce to spread one’s wings \xv 1. lokasqawqawawaʔa ʔiškomlaʔa ʔan kałxoyoyonəšpi \xe 'he flies with his two wings.' \xv 2. lokatšotšonəʔəš ʔan ʔiškom̓ ʔisqawawa heʔiskəw \xe 'the fish has two fins at his breast.' \xv 3. sikʰqawawa \xe 'my wing' (said by bird only). \xv 4. tsʔił ʔisqawawaha \xe 'it is winged' (said of a winged insect). \sd animals \sd anatomy \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.101.1-4, 102.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qawawaha \ps v \ge winged, be \de to be winged \mr [] \cf ʔałwašqawawhatš \ce centipede \cf qawawa \ce wing; fin \cf qawawahatš \ce to be positioned with the arms straight out to the side of the body \cf qawawhanitš \ce to be positioned with the arms straight out to the side of the body \cf susqawawha \ce to extend one’s arms straight out from the shoulder \cf wałqawawatš \ce to spread one’s wings \xv 1. tsʔił ʔisqawawaha \xe 'it is winged.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd stative \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.101.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qawawahatš \a qawawatš \va (qawawatš) \ps v \ge cross-formation, be in \de to be positioned with the arms straight out to the side of the body \mr [] \sy qawawahanitš \cf ʔałwašqawawhatš \ce centipede \cf qawawa \ce wing; fin \cf qawawaha \ce to be winged \cf wałqawawatš \ce to spread one’s wings \xv 1. hukʰqawawatš \xe 'I am going to stand or kneel with arms extended straight from shoulder to make the form of a cross.' \xv 2. no ʔan kqawawhatš \xe 'I extend my arms straight horizontally from shoulders.' \sd religion \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.306; 90.102.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qawawhanitš \ps v \ge positioned with the arms straight out to the side of the body, be \de to be positioned with the arms straight out to the side of the body \mr [] \sy qawawahatš \cf qawawa \ce wing; fin \cf qawawaha \ce to be winged \xv 1. pi ʔan pqawawhanitš \xe 'thou hast thy arms extended straight out to the side of my body.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.39.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qay \ps v \ge split at the base, be \de to be split at the base \cf luqay \ce to grow spreading \cf niqay \ce to pull apart \cf tipluqay \ce to have many forks (as is said of a branch) \cf tiqay \ce to split open and remove (shellfish from shell) \cf tšluqay \ce fork \xv 1. tsqay \xe 'a fork splits, its two points splitting apart' (also said of a man whose legs are spread so far apart that it splits him). \xv 2. neʔesqay \xe 'his legs are wide apart.' \xv 3. hukniqay \xe 'I am going to pull it apart as one would the two tips of a fork.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.84.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qayas \ps n \ge blue elderberry \ge elderberry, blue \de blue elderberry \gn saúco \dn saúco \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI qayas ‘elderberry; blueberry,’ CRZ qayas ‘elder(berry),’ INZ qayas ‘elderberry,’ PUY qayas ‘blue elderberry’ (Whistler 1980: 74; Klar 1977: 87; SYBCI 2007: 285; Harrington 1986: 3.6.28.1) \ee Flower was eaten and used in medicine. Fruit was eaten and used in cooking. See also Timbrook 2007 (195 198). \sd plants \sd trees \sd nature \sd food \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.64.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qayəš \sc Cirsium spp.; Hypochaeris radicata; Sonchus oleraceus \ps n \ge thistle \ge hairy cat’s ear \ge common sow-thistle \de thistle; hairy cat’s ear; common sow-thistle \ee This plant is described as a big thistle with a yellow flower. The leaves of this plany were eaten. This word refers to several distinct plants (Timbrook 2007: 58). \cf tsʔaxsmi1 \ce I. dandelion II. thistle III. common sow-thistle \sd food \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.39.2; 81.64.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qetete \cf qʔetete \ce to go about stooping at the waist \sd variations \dt 27/Mar/2011 \lx -qetʔe- \ps vroot \ge mold \de mold \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ qetʼen ‘to make dough into cakes; to shape dough with the hands’ (SYBCI 2007: 287) \cf ʔałʔalušqetʔetš \ce masseur \cf ušqetʔe \ce to press on with one’s hands/fingers \sd vroots \sd roots \sd shape \lg TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qeyepi \ps v \ge weak, be \ge feeble, be \ge lack strength \ge strength, lack \de to be weak; to be feeble; to lack strength \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 90.103.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qəp \hm 1 \ps n \ge belly, surface of the \ge womb \de surface of the belly; womb \gn panza \dn panza \ee It is unclear if this is related to ͽqəp, the word for 'pebble.' \cf ʔałtipqəp \ce big-bellied one \cf tipqəp \ce to be big-bellied \xv 1. tšaqniškʔaya hesikʰqəp \xe 'my stomach/belly is sour.' \xv 2. minesi ʔan xaʔax ʔisqəp \xe 'Minesi is pot-bellied.' \xv 3. tšnipšnokoyit hesikʰqəp \xe 'I have pains in my stomach' (said of gripping pains inthe bowels). \xv 4. xaʔax ʔisqəp sixwetet \xe 'frogs have big bellies.' \xv 5. sikmut \xe 'the inside of my belly.' \xv 6. lokaʔəqəy ʔan musʔił tsʰa, ʔan tsʔił ʔismiqəp, tsiyutiyək siqəpqəʔəp kikałʔiyaqisə lokaqəpqəʔəp sałʔuw \xe 'the hen has no teeth, but a gizzard and it contains stones and grinds its food fine.' \xv 7. ʔisqəp \xe 'her womb, her belly.' \sd anatomy \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 81.112.4; 89.50.4; 92.503.2; 94.66.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qəp \rd qəpqəʔəp \hm 2 \ps n \ge pebble \de pebble \ee It is unclear if this is related to ͽqəp, the word for 'belly.' \mr [] \sd geology \sd nature \sd diminutives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.104.2; 105.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qəpqəʔəp \ps n \ge pebble.REDUP \de pebble.REDUP \cf qəp2 \ce pebble \sd reduplications \sd diminutives \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qət \ps n \ge penis.DIM \de penis.DIM \cf xət \ce penis \sd diminutives \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qəwə \ps v \ge low tide, be \ge tide, be low \de to be low tide \et *qVw \ec Compare BOI qʼɨwɨn ‘to be low tide; to be out (tide),’ INZ qɨw̓ɨn ‘to be low tide,’ OBI qɨw ‘to be low tide’ (Whistler 1980: 85; Klar 1977: 96) \cf suniqəwə \ce to ebb in the morning; to go out in the morning (said of low tide) \xv 1. sinawa sqəwə \xe 'when the tide is low.' \xv 2. huki ʔałkuʔum kisqəwə \xe 'at what time will the ocean be low?' \xv 3. neʔesiqsihi kisqəwə \xe 'at noon it will be low.' \xv 4. neesqəwə \xe 'it is already low tide.' \xv 5. tsʰuniqəwə \xe 'the low morning tide.' \xv 6. neʔesʰuyamayə \xe 'a little later.' \sd ocean \sd nature \sd water \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.504.2, 512.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx qil- \hm 1 \a xil- \va (xil-1) \ps vpre \ge by water \ge INSTR.water \de by water \ee Glossed as INSTR.water. \cf apiqiłkuʔum \ce to be soaked through by hot water \cf aputixiłwaya \ce to float with the current \cf qiłkaʔaš \ce to be pooled up \cf qiłkašutš \ce half-dried puddle \cf qiłmayə \ce to ebb in the evening \cf qiłmes \ce island \cf qiłpopo \ce to be soaked \cf qiłtsə \ce to be drenched through (only said of a person) \cf qiłtšətš \ce to be transparent; to be limpid \cf xiłwaya \ce to float \cf xiłkutʔuy \ce to sink (into water) \cf xiłwaya \ce to float \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd water \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qil- \hm 2 \cf qili- \ce of looking \sd variations \dt 05/Jan/2011 \lx qilʔalmuš \cf qilałmuš \ce to look at oneself in a reflection \sd variations \dt 15/Apr/2012 \lx qilałmuš \a qilałmùs \a qilʔalmuš \va (qilʔalmuš) \ps v \ge look at oneself in a reflection \de to look at oneself in a reflection \ee Consultant did not know this word well. \mr [] \cf qilałmušaʔaš \ce mirror \xv 1. no ʔan kqilałmuš \xe 'I am going to look at myself in the mirror.' \xv 2. tšqilalmùš šiʔìšàw̓ \xe 'reflexion of light of day.' \xv 3. kʰqilʔalmùš \xe 'I look in looking glass.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.505.1 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx qilałmušaʔaš \ps n \ge mirror \de mirror \mr [] \cf qilałmuš \ce to look at oneself in a reflection \xv 1. no ʔan kqisə lokaqilałmušaʔaš ʔan kqisənwu sikaxkaxoʔon \xe 'I look at the mirror and see boxes.' \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.41.1 \sd household \sd instruments \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx qili- \a qil- \a xili- \va (qił-, qin-, xil-, xili-) \ps vpre \ge of looking \ge looking, of \ge INSTR.looking \de of looking \ee This is a variant of qili . Glossed as INSTR.looking. \et *qil(li)- \ec Compare BOI xili- ‘of vision, seeing,’ CRZ xili- ‘of vision, seeing,’ INZ qili- ‘of vision, seeing,’ OBI qi- ‘of vision, seeing’ (Klar 1977: 57-58) \pd ʑ \pdl dim \pdv qin- \pde INSTR.looking.DIM \cf ʔałxiliknaš \ce caretaker; police \cf qilałmuš \ce to look at oneself in a reflection \cf qilałmušaʔaš \ce mirror \cf qilikuta \ce to look up \cf qilipey \ce to look smth over \cf qiliwasə \ce to scrutinize \cf qiliwaya \ce to peek at \cf qiłkowi \ce to turn one's eyes without moving one's head; to be cross-eyed \cf qiłpštəhə \ce to open one's eyes suddenly \cf qiłtsuyawe \ce to be half-asleep \cf qinqintʔum \ce to blink repeatedly \cf qintʔum \ce to close one's eyes \cf qinoyi \ce to be cross-eyed \cf suxilapət \ce to make smn look up; to tilt smn’s head up \cf suyaxiliwasə \ce to want to look intently at \cf šiqiliknaš \ce to spy \cf šiqiliknašmu \ce spy nest \cf xilałtə \ce to predict; to see at a distance (as smth approaches one) \cf xilałtəmu \ce where/what is expected \cf xilapət \ce to look up; to tilt one’s head up \cf xilełyep \ce to track (with one’s eyes); to watch smn go \cf xiliʔik \ce to take care of; to watch over \cf xilinowo \ce to be a loafer \cf xiliqisə \ce to spy smth (?from far away) \cf ?xilisisi \ce to be unafraid; to be fearless \cf xiliwasə \ce to recognize; to distinguish; to observe \cf xiliwaya \ce to look through \cf xiliwił \ce to see where smth is at \cf xiliyamšəši \ce to look at oneself \cf xiłkmen \ce eyelid \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd senses \lg TJPH \rf 90.49.1; Coyo126 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qilikuta \ps v \ge look up \de to look up \mr [] \cf kuta \ce to get up; to slope up \xv 1. tsqilikuta \xe 'he is lying flat on his back and raises his head only to look at something.' \xv 2. tskuta \xe 'he got up.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.49.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qilipey \ps v \ge look smth over \de to look smth over \ee Harrington notes that this was used especially of looking at a newspaper. This word does not mean to look sharply at an object or to scrutinize an object (see ͽqiliwasə). \mr [] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf qiliwasə \ce to scrutinize \xv 1. kʰqilipey \xe 'I look over [the paper]' ; 'I look at an object.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.507.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qiliwasə \ps v \ge scrutinize \de to scrutinize \mr [] \cf qilipey \ce to look smth over \cf suyaxiliwasə \ce to want to look intently at \xv 1. kqiliwasə \xe 'I look sharply at or scrutinize an object.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.508.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qiliwaya \a qiliway̓a \va (qiliway̓a) \ps v \ge peek at \de to peek at \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. kisqiliwaya loʔkaʔałšəpəšiwaš \xe 'Coyote looked over (?up) a precipice on shore.' \xv 2. numiš ʔisqiliwaya \xe 'always he looks out of the window or through a hole looking outdoors a little from one room into another through half open door.' \xv 3. kʰqiłqiliwaya \xe 'I am peeking.' \xv 4. tsqiliwaya \xe 'he peeps out of window, he peeps into pot raising cover a little to look in, he peeps around side of door into a room.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg TJPH \rf Coyo126; Daughter4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qiliwešxeʔe \ps v \ge look over into \de to look over into \mr [] \cf wešxeʔe \ce to pass clear through \xv 1. tsqiliwešxeʔe \xe 'he looks over the fence, on the other side.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.509.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qiliyamšəši \ps v \ge look at one's body \de to look at one's body \mr [] \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kʰqiliyamšəši \xe 'I am looking at my own body.' \xv 2. tsqiliyamšəši \xe 'he is looking at himself.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.506.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qiłkaʔaš \ps v \ge pooled up, be \de to be pooled up \ee This refers to a small amount of water as in a half dried mud puddle. \mr [] \cf kaʔaš \ce to be a pool; to be pooled up \cf qiłkašutš \ce half-dried puddle \xv 1. tsqiłkaʔaš \xe 'it is a half-dried puddle.' \xv 2. tšqiłkaʔaš \xe 'the water does not run, is pooled up.' \sd water \sd nature \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.672.3; 92.509.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qiłkašutš \ps n \ge half-dried puddle \de half-dried puddle \mr [] \cf kaʔaš \ce to be a pool; to be pooled up \cf qiłkaʔaš \ce to be pooled up \xv 1. tstapšu lokakʰkawayu heʔisiłkašutš \xe 'my horse is blocked [?stuck] in this place where the water has been damned up.' \xv 2. tsqiłkaʔaš \xe 'it is a half-dried puddle.' \sd nature \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.510.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qiłkowi \ps v \ge turn one's eyes without moving one's head \ge cross-eyed, be \de to turn one's eyes without moving one's head; to be cross-eyed \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałqiłkowi \pde cross-eyed person \xv 1. no ʔan kʰqiłkowi \xe 'I turn my eyes to one side without turning my head.' \xv 2. tsqiłkowi = ʔałqiłkowi \xe 'he is cross-eyed.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.510.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qiłkuʔum \ps v \ge soak in water \ge soaked through, be \de to soak in water; to be soaked through \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałqiłkuʔum \pde smth soaked through \sy qiłpopo \cf apiqiłkuʔum \ce to be soaked through by hot water \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf suqiłkuʔum \ce to soak smth \xv 1. tsqiłkuʔum \xe 'it is soaked through.' \xv 2. neʔesqiłkuʔum \xe 'it is already soaked.' \xv 3. lokaʔałqiłkuʔum \xe 'that which is well-soaked.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.511.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qiłkutʔuy \ps v \ge sink \de to sink \mr [] \cf kutʔuy \ce to be in a pile \xv 1. lokaqəp ʔan tsqiłkutʔuy \xe 'this rock sank.' \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.511.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qiłmayə \ps v \ge ebb in the evening \de to ebb in the evening \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \cf qiłmayə \ce to ebb in the evening \xv 1. tsqiłmayə \xe 'it goes out this evening.' \xv 2. tsqiłmayə \xe 'the low evening tide.' \xv 3. tsʰuniqəwə \xe 'the low morning tide.' \sd water \sd ocean \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 92.512.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qiłmes \a sqiłmes \va (sqiłmes) \ps n \ge island \de island \mr [] \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. tskumu ʔisqiłmes \xe 'the four islands.' \xv 2. huknaʔał loʔisqiłmes \xe 'I am going to the islands.' \xv 3. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tštałtałwaxa lokasqiłmes \xe 'the man is working in the islands.' \xv 4. tskumu ʔi sqiłmes \xe 'the four islands.' \sd geography \sd geology \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.88.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qiłpopo \ps v \ge soaked, be \de to be soaked \mr [] \sy qiłkuʔum \xv 1. tsqiłpopo \xe 'it is already soaked.' \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.512.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qiłpštəhə \ps v \ge open one's eyes suddenly \de to open one's eyes suddenly \mr [] \cf təq \ce eye/face \xv 1. kʰqiłpštəhə \xe 'I had my eyes closed and suddenly I opened them wide.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.513.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qiłtsə \ps v \ge drenched through (only said of a person), be \de to be drenched through (only said of a person) \mr [] \cf ʔoʔotš \ce to be wet; to be green (said of wood) \cf qiłtšətš \ce to be transparent; to be limpid \xv 1. neʔekʰqiłtsə \xe 'I am drenched through.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd body \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.115.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qiłtsuyawe \ps v \ge half-asleep, be \ge asleep, be half \de to be half-asleep \ee Said as when one is momentarily motionless and sitting silently in a chair. \mr [] \cf suyawe \ce to be sleepy \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. kʰqiłtsuyawe \xe 'I am half asleep.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.514.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qiłtšətš \ps v \ge transparent, be \ge limpid, be \de to be transparent; to be limpid \ee Said primarily of water and never used of colors. \mr [] \an ušyoxotš \cf qiłtsə \ce to be drenched through (only said of a person) \xv 1. tšqiłtšətš hesoʔo \xe 'this water is very clear.' \xv 2. tšuqštahay ʔišteleq kiloʔištəq ʔan tsqiłtšətš \xe 'the kuith has a red tail and very clear eyes.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd colors \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.515.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qiłtšošoy \cf kʔiłtšošoy \ce to be somewhat black \sd variations \dt 21/Mar/2011 \lx qinoyi \ps v \ge cross-eyed, be \de to be cross-eyed \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałqinoyi \pde smn cross-eyed \cf ʔoyi \ce to be to one side; to be twisted; to be crooked \xv 1. tsqinoyi \xe 'it is cross-eyed.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʔałqinoyi \xe 'I am one who is cross-eyed' (I am cross-eyed). \xv 3. tsyət saʔałqinoyi \xe 'here comes a cross-eyed person.' \xv 4. ʔałqinoyi \xe 'cross-eyed one.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.229.2, 92.516.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qinqintʔum \ps v \ge blink repeatedly \de to blink repeatedly \mr [] \cf qintʔum \ce to close one's eyes \xv 1. kqinqintʔum \xe 'he is blinking nervously.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.516.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx qintʔum \rd qinqintʔum \ps v \ge close one's eyes \de to close one's eyes \mr [] \cf qinqintʔum \ce to blink repeatedly \cf suqintʔum \ce to close the eyes of \xv 1. qintʔum ! \xe 'close your eyes!' \xv 2. hukqintʔum \xe 'I am going to close my eyes.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg TJPH \rf 91.140.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -qip- \ps vroot \ge filling action \ge closing off action \de filling action; closing off action \ee Harrington also notes this as a root. \cf aputiqipš \ce to be filled by means of water \cf iqip \ce to fill; to be full \cf iqipus \ce to shut in \cf maxqip \ce to tie a door shut \cf sutiqip \ce to plug; to fill \cf suwatiqip \ce to slam (a door) \cf šaqip \ce to be high tide \cf šutiqipəʔəš \ce caulking \cf uliqip \ce to plug a gopher hole (with earth) \cf utiqip \ce to fill \sd vroots \sd roots \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.517.1, 687.1; Travels35 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qisə \rd qisqisə \a qisə̀ \a qišə \a qisən \va (qisən-, qišə-) \ps v \ge see \ge inspect \de to see; to inspect \cf ʔałqišənwaš \ce witness \cf aliqisqisə \ce ?to lie down looking on \cf aqtiqisə \ce to come to see \cf axʔuqisə \ce to attend to \cf niqsə \ce do you see this? \cf nuqisə \ce to attend to \cf qisəʔə \ce to go to see \cf uwaqisəʔə \ce to go over to another place to see \cf waqsə \ce look! \cf xiliqisə \ce to spy smth (?from far away) \xv 1. neʔekʰqisqisənił \xe 'I see you.' \xv 2. neʔekʰqisə \xe 'I see it.' \xv 3. tsamqisəniyuw \xe 'they look at us.' \xv 4. ninapqišənwaš ? \xe 'when did you see him?' \xv 5. qisə lošiwaštitʔoy̓ ! \xe 'look at that rainbow there!' \xv 6. kʰqisə sitałhəwəš \xe 'I saw a doll.' \xv 7. kʰqisətšəš \xe 'I am looking at my own body' (also means figuratively to take good care of yourself, to look out for yourself in business). \xv 8. musisqisətšəš \xe 'they two do not see each other' (some object between so they do not see each other). \xv 9. kʰqisə ʔapi niskəyəmi \xe 'I sight (a long arrow) to see if it is straight.' \xv 10. kayhukiqisə šiʔišaw \xe 'the sun is going to come out' (after fog). \xv 11. kʰqisə sitomoł loməʔək \xe 'I see a boat way out at sea.' \xv 12. kʰqisə sitomoł loʔišliyək simuwu \xe 'I see a boat in the middle of the channel.' \xv 13. tsqisqisənwu ʔisʰinʔemetšeš lokawot \xe 'the captain is inspecting or reviewing the soldiers.' \xv 14. neʔekqišənwaš ʔisuspayuswunutš \xe 'I have seen all the pits.' \xv 15. wašətš ʔisamqisənwu siyʔiyʔałtšimałtətš \xe 'it is very pretty to watch cowboys who are good at lassoing.' \xv 16. sikanaʔaʔay ʔan tsamqisənwu ʔisikitwo \xe 'at first they see the lice come out.' \xv 17. kananawa kisenałwaš kiqisə lokasʔap lokakʔamiwu \xe 'after we finished supper we went to the new house.' \xv 18. musʔił hałʔalaxyikus maliʔiʔi latsnewuts lokaliqisqisə sinawa sʔuwlilo \xe 'she didn’t even give a little piece to any of the on-lookers when she eat.' \xv 19. neʔekʰqišənwaš sihaw̓ saʔałtonowo kisitsʔotsʔohoy ʔan tšišušʔutš \xe 'I have seen some foxes with their hair out and others with lots of hair.' \xv 20. kseqe ʔan kaypiʔiʔi kušiʔik kałwašətš suqisəʔə lokaʔałʔalaxiyepš \xe 'I pulled it out, for this reason it ached all the more, it seemed well for me to go to see the doctor.' \xv 21. kašištšohó, ki kašišqišətšàš kikasʔip pakeʔet “punaqmiłwaʔašù” “hi hi kaʔ nó kaki. sikałnaʔał laʔkakayuqišqišətšàš” \xe 'they finished, they looked at each other and one said, “you got up early to get wate, [did you not]?” “yes yes, I did as well. I am going thither, until we see each other again [i.e., ‘goodbye’]." ' \xv 22. no ʔan kqisə lokaqilałmušaʔaš ʔan kqisənwu sikaxkaxoʔon \xe 'I look at the mirror and see boxes.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd senses \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.16; 89.72, 82.32.2, 91.109.4; 92.517.2-519.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx qisəʔə \a qisəʔə̀ \ps v \ge go to see \de to go to see \ee The glottalization of this final syllable shifts to the onset of an object suffix. \mr [] \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \cf uwaqisəʔə \ce to go over to another place to see \xv 1. husqisəʔə \xe 'he is going to go over to see.' \xv 2. husqisəniʔit \xe 'he is going to see me.' \xv 3. hukʰqisəʔəł \xe 'I am going (to walk over) to see something.' \xv 4. pqisənwuʔu šiʔiyʔałtšuyaqša \xe 'thou shalt visit the sick.' \xv 5. kseqe ʔan kaypiʔiʔi kušiʔik kałwašətš suqisəʔə lokaʔałʔalaxiyepš \xe 'I pulled it out but for that reason it ached all the more, it seemed well for me to go to see the doctor.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd motion \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.519.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx qisqisə \a qisqisə̀ \a qišqišə \va (qišqišə-) \ps v \ge see.REDUP \ge inspect.REDUP \de to see; to inspect \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \sd reduplications \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx qit \rd qitqiʔit \ps n \ge small of the back \ge back, small of the \de small of the back \cf mət \ce back \xv 1. kʰqit \xe 'the small of my back.' \xv 2. kušiʔik hesikqit \xe 'the small of my back aches.' \xv 3. kilokasʔoqwo ʔan neʔeskumuʔus heʔisqit \xe 'and her hair already reached the small of her back.' \xv 4. kilokasʔoqwo ʔan neʔeskumuʔus heʔisqit \xe 'and her hair already reached to her waist.' \xv 5. hukʰnunaʔał hesixəp ʔitisikʰqit kayukʰnunaʔał \xe 'I am going to carry this stone held against the small of my back.' \sd anatomy \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 92.521.1; Glutton146 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qitəwətš \a qitəwə̀tš \a qitəwəts \a qitəwəs \va (qitəwəts) \ps v \ge look on \ge watch (dancing) \de to look on; to watch (dancing) \ee Harrington notes that his speaker thought this word could only be used for watching someone dance. However, a textual example shows it being used to watch a fire. While fire burning and people dancing have similarities, this verb must have broader applications than watching dancers. \xv 1. tsqitəwətsus \xe 'he was looking on (at a single dancer).' \xv 2. kiqitəwətš \xe 'we are watching them dance.' \xv 3. tšamqitəwətš \xe 'they are watching the dance.' \xv 4. kasilikʔè ka šqitəwə̀tš ʔisixút loʔkasʔap xwetét \xe 'and he sat down to watch Frog’s house burn.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.521.2; Travels69 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx qitqiʔit \ps n \ge small of the back.REDUP \ge back, small of the.REDUP \de small of the back.REDUP \cf qit \ce small of the back \sd reduplications \dt 21/Mar/2011 \lx qituqštahay \cf kʔituqštahay \ce to be reddish \sd variations \dt 28/Apr/2012 \lx qitʔ- \mr [] \cf kʔił- \ce little in amount or intensity \cf qitʔowow \ce to be whitish \sd variations \dt 19/Jun/2018 \lx qitʔowow \ps v \ge whitish, be \de to be whitish \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałqitʔowow \pde whitish; smth whitish \cf ʔowow \ce to be white \xv 1. tsqitʔowow \xe 'she is somewhat white.' \xv 2. tškʔiłtšošoy lokaxʔanwa \xe 'the woman is not very black.' \sd colors \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.67.4; 92.522.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qixʔu \ps n \ge clam species dark in color \de clam species dark in color \sd animals \sd ocean \sd shellfish \lg JPH \rf 70.207 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx -qlay- \ps vroot \ge related to smoothness \ge smoothness, related to \de related to smoothness \ee Harrington recognizes this as a root. \cf ʔaliwałqlay \ce salamander larva; newt \cf iwałqlay \ce to be smooth \cf utiqlay \ce to slip \cf siwałqlay \ce to make smooth \cf sutiqlay \ce to cause to slip \cf šiwałqlayəʔəš \ce smoothing instrument \sd vroots \sd roots \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qlep \ps v \ge coldsores, have \de to have coldsores \ee This was used of the lips only. \xv 1. tsqlep hešikšepšle \xe 'I have sores on my lip' ; 'I have coldsores or scabs on my lips.' \sd verbs \sd health \sd body \lg JPH \rf 92.523.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qləw \ps n \ge raven \de raven \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.501.1-503.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qlitum \ph ˈqʰlɪtʊm \ps n \ge sea life, non-mobile \de non-mobile sea life \ee This refers to small shellfish, jellyfish, sea cradels, etc. \sd animals \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 70.41.1, 120.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx qnowoqnowo \ps adj \ge short, be.REDUP \de to be short.REDUP \cf qnowowo \ce to be short \sd reduplications \dt 03/Jun/2019 \lx qnowowo \rd qnowoqnowo \ph qʰnɔwɔwɔ \ps adj \ge short, be \de to be short \cf suqnowowo \ce to shorten; to make short \cf suquntiqnowowo \ce to shorten smth \xv 1. qnowowo \xe 'it is short.' \xv 2. qʰnowowo ʔišnuxš \xe 'he is short-nosed.' \xv 3. xʔanwa ʔiqnowowo \xe 'short woman.' \xv 4. qʔanwa ʔi qnowowo \xe 'small adult woman.' \xv 5. lokašup ʔan qnowowo \xe 'the hill is short.' \xv 6. qnowowo suʔułkuw, ʔułyi šiʔišaw \xe 'the night is short, the day is long.' \xv 7. kałʔwašətš ʔisiyuniyəw loʔkaʔaxipeneš kaʔpon̓ sałmusʔił - luyət payikula qnowoqnowo \xe 'it is good that they seek boards without knots - even though they are short.' \xv 8. tsqnowowo šiʔišaw \xe 'the days are already short.' \sd vadjectivals \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg TJPH \rf 92.524.1-2; Tomol9 \dt 03/Jun/2019 \lx qo \ps v \ge pet \de pet \et *qoʔ \ec Compare BOI qoʼ ‘pet,’ INZ qoʼ ‘pet,’ OBI qoqoʼ ‘pet, animal’ (Klar 1977: 49) \cf qonəʔəš \ce plaything \cf tštəʔəniwaš \ce dog; pet dog \xv 1. hekakʰqo \xe 'this is my dog.' \xv 2. nokakʰqo \xe 'it is my dog.' \xv 3. hekakiqo \xe 'this is our dog.' \xv 4. pikapʰqo \xe 'it is your dog.' \xv 5. lokasqo \xe 'it is his dog.' \xv 6. lokasqoqoʔo \xe 'his dogs.' \xv 7. xwan kasqo \xe 'Juan’s dog.' \xv 8. hesikʰqo ʔitšwiw \xe 'my pet bird.' \xv 9. tšiwitwit hesikʰqo \xe 'my dog is barking.' \xv 10. tsiwitwitus hesikʰqo ʔalaʔasku \xe 'my dog is barking at someone.' \xv 11. ʔan tsʔił ʔisqo sitšwiw \xe 'she had a bird as a pet.' \xv 12. ksukeʔep hesikʰqo \xe 'I am going to bathe my dog' (would not say ͽtštəʔəniwaš here). \xv 13. kay ʔan tštaktə lokakʰqo \xe 'he killed my dog.' \xv 14. no ʔan huktaktə lokasqo \xe 'I am going to kill his dog.' \xv 15. kaqškutinuywu lokakʰqoʔo \xe 'I amuse myself with my dogs.' \xv 16. loʔkakʰqo ʔan tsuyuwahanitʰ, kinupan tsxilikitʰ, tsʰxiliyik lokakʔap \xe 'my pet dog likes me, and he guards me, and he guards my house.' \xv 17. lokapʰqo ʔan musʔił tspiʔìw, kumeliwaš i tštəʔəniwàš, tsxawawaʔà kinupan tštepùtš \xe 'your dog is worthless and good for nothing; it is lean and full of fleas.' \xv 18. ʔištəqʰšaʔaš ʔan ʔalaxuwəł \xe 'it is the color of a coyote.' \xv 19. tsiwìtʰ ; tšmiš ; tsoxkonono kinupan tsiwìtʰ ; tsoxwoʔò \xe 'he barks ; he whines or cries ; he growls and gives short barks ; he howls.' \sd animals \sd common \lg JPH \rf 90.4.1; 107.1; 92.525.1-526.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx qoʔo \rd qoqoʔo \a qo \va (qo-) \ps v \ge laugh \de to laugh \ee The more common form of this verb was the reduplicated form ͽqoqoʔo. The root of this verb is ͽqoʔo, con contracted before suffixes as ͽqo . \cf ʔalałqoni \ce laugher; smn who is always laughing \cf nisuqoʔo \ce to make laugh \cf šuqoʔotš \ce to be entertainingly cute; to be charming \cf šuqonišpi \ce to make fun of smn/smth \cf šuyašuqonišpi \ce to want to make fun of \xv 1. kinelasqoʔo \xe 'at last he laughed.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʰqoʔo \xe 'I laughed.' \xv 3. tšnisuqonit \xe 'he made me laugh.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.148; 90.112.1-3 \dt 25/Jun/2019 \lx qołnowo \ps v \ge make a hut shaped like half an egg \de to make a hut shaped like half an egg \cf qołnowonəš \ce hut shaped like a half egg \xv 1. no ʔan tsʔił sikʰqołnowo \xe 'I have my hut.' \xv 2. nitsʔił hałpqołnowo ? \xe 'haven't you a hut?' \xv 3. hukqołnowo \xe 'I am going to make a hut.' \xv 4. qołnowonəš ʔiwayinaʔaš \xe 'a house to pass the winter in.' \sd culture \sd common \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.107.3-108.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qołnowonəš \ps n \ge hut shaped like a half egg \de hut shaped like a half egg \mr [] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf mištəq \ce smokehole \cf qołnowo \ce to make a hut shaped like half an egg \sd common \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.108.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qolokʔi \ps n \ge belt \de belt \cf qolokʔitš \ce to wear a belt (of) \cf qolokʔitšaš \ce to put a belt on oneself \xv 1. tsʔałkuye sitimew hesikʰqolokʔi \xe 'he carries groundsquirrels by neck stuck under his belt.' \xv 2. tsqolokʔi \xe 'his belt.' \xv 3. kʰsuxułtimasəx hesikʰqolokʔi \xe 'I put my belt around three times.' \sd culture \sd hunting \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 90.109.1-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qolokʔitš \ps v \ge wear a belt (of) \de to wear a belt (of) \mr [] \cf qolokʔi \ce belt \cf qolokʔitšaš \ce to put a belt on oneself \xv 1. tšqolokʔitš simiyaš \xe 'he has a string as a belt.' \xv 2. tšqolokʔitš simaxakʔəš \xe 'he has a rag or cloth as a belt.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.203.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qolokʔitšaš \ps v \ge put a belt on oneself \ge belt on oneself, put a \de to put a belt on oneself \ee Presumably this means to put a belt about one's waist, not to hit oneself with a belt. \mr [] \cf qolokʔi \ce belt \cf qolokʔitš \ce to wear a belt (of) \xv 1. hukqolokʔitšaš \xe 'I am going to belt myself.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.110.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qolpoʔop \ps n \ge nightshade leaves \de nightshade leaves \ee 1. The Ventureño took nightshade leaves, rubbed the green leaves between the palms, sqeezed juice out, and pounded the juice with charcoal in a mortar. Then they took a small stick and painted a design on [the skin], and took a needle and picked the design in. They then tied on a wad of the paint and tied it on [the tattooed area] and left it until it healed. The band used to hold the paint wad on is called ͽtsupey̓ (Hispanized form ‘supé’). It was about 2 in. (5 cm) broad and wrapped around the head twice. 2. This word may refer to several genus of ϞSolanum. ϞSolanum Ϟnigrum is known to be used for tattooing, though this plant is not native to California. It is possible that it refers to ϞSolanum Ϟxanti (native) or ϞDatura Ϟstramonium (non-native, but long naturalized). \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaqulpʼop (Whistler 1980: 4) \sd plants \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.39.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qonəʔəš \rd qonqonəʔəš \ps n \ge plaything \de plaything \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałqonyoso \pde person who wears a pug \cf qo \ce pet \xv 1. hešikqonqonəʔəš \xe 'my playthings.' \xv 2. no ʔan kitsʔawuswu lokakʰqonqonəʔəš \xe 'I am playing with my plaything[s].' \sd gaming \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.110.2-111.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qonon \cf qʔonon \ce mouse; small rat \sd variations \dt 09/Jan/2013 \lx qonyoso \ps v \ge wear a pug on top of the head \ge wear a molote \de to wear a pug on top of the head; to wear a molote \ee Harrington notes, "Just wrapped long hair doubled on itself and ends around. Aimed at having it in middle of head. No pins or anything. No braiding. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałqonyoso \pde one wearing a hair bun (pug or molote) \cf qałtsilikʔe \ce to have a hair pug in the top middle of one’s head; to have a pug on the side of one’s head \cf qantsutsu \ce to have hair in a ridge longitudinally with both the right and left sides clipped; to wear a pug in front of the head \xv 1. tsʰqonyosò \xe 'he wears a pug.' \xv 2. hukʰqonyoso \xe 'I am going to go make my molote.' \xv 2. tšuliʔiš loʔisqonyoso \xe 'she grabbed him by his hair pug.' \xv 4. ʔałqonyoso lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the man wears molote.' \sd clothes \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.230.1-2; 90.111.2-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qoqo \cf koko \ce father; papa; dad \sd variations \dt 27/Mar/2011 \lx qoqoʔo \ps v \ge laugh \de to laugh \mr [] \ee This form was much more common than the non reduplicated ͽqoʔo at the time Harrington recorded his data. The form ͽqoʔo seems to have been more archaic. \cf qoʔo \ce to laugh \sd reduplications \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.148; 90.112 \dt 21/Aug/2018 \lx qoqoqoqo \ps onom \ge gurgle \de gurgle \ee This refers to the sound a gurgling bottle makes. \lg JPH \rf 90.107.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx qowotš \a qowòtš \ps n \ge salmon \de salmon \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kowoč ‘salmon,’ CRZ kowotš ‘salmon,’ INZ ʼokowoč ‘salmon’ (Whistler 1980: 61; Beeler & Klar: 1960: 115; SYBCI 2007: 255) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv qowotšuwaš \pde salmon.DEPR \xv 1. kikašuliʔiš loʔišteleq loʔkaqowotšuwàš \xe 'and he grabbed the ex-salmon by the tail.' \xv 2. kikasʰukitwo qowotš ʔi ʔikuyaš \xe 'and he took out the roasted salmon.' \xv 3. kasʔuw loʔkaʔikuyaš kaqowotš \xe 'and he ate the roasted salmon.' \xv 4. kitšuliʔiš loʔkaštelèq loʔkasikuy kaqowòtš \xe 'and he took hold of the tail of the salmon which he was roasting.' \xv 5. kasʔip, "hə́ʔ xwetét kasikuy loʔkaqowòtš" \xe 'he said, “oh, the cooked salmon was Frog’s”.' \xv 6. tsisukitʰwonwu loʔkaqowotš loʔkaʔo kaʔalaxułkuy, kitsiyiwayətwu loʔkaʔalušʔexš \xe 'the [Indians] drove the salmon from the deep water to the shallow water.' \xv 7. kasitapi loʔkaqowotš loʔkaʔalušʔexš kaʔo \xe 'and the salmon will enter the shallow water.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd fish \lg TJPH \rf Travels19, 22-23, 30, 57; WeirA1-2, 4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx qowotšuwaš \ps n \ge salmon.DEPR \de salmon.DEPR \mr [] \cf qowotš \ce salmon \sd diminutives \sd fish \sd animals \lg TJPH \rf Travels19 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qoy \ps n \ge olivella \ge whelk species \de whelk species; olivella \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI qʼoy ‘olivella,’ CRZ qoy ‘olivella,’ INZ qoy̓ ‘olivella shell,’ OBI ?qoyoyoʼ ⁓ xoyoyoʼ ‘black mussels’ (Whistler 1980: 25; Beeler & Klar 1977: 110; SYBCI 2007: 293; Klar 19—b: 19) \cf ušqoyi \ce clam \cf ušqoyiʔi \ce to shellfish \cf ušqoyinaʔaš \ce tool for removing shellfish (from the shell) \cf ušqoyinaš \ce shellfish (certain kinds) \xv 1. loʔkaqoy ʔan tšuwaštipołyoqo kʔuwe tsyuqʰmitʔi kinupan ʔułyi \xe 'the olivella is spiral, but is slender and long.' \xv 2. loʔkašatʔap ka qoy ʔan tšišaqiłpi ʔištəqšaʔaš hesiqas \xe 'the olivella which have been washed ashore are sand-colored.' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd shellfish \lg JPH \rf 70.219.2 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx qštopo \ps n \sc Eleodes obscurus \ge stink beetle \ge clown bug \de stink beetle; clown bug \gn pinacate \dn pinacate \et ɕ \ec Compare CRZ wate-qšlopo ‘stinkbug; piancate,’ INZ wati-qoq ‘stinkbug’ (Beeler & Klar 1977: 122; SYBCI 2007: 586) \sd animals \sd insects \sd mythology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Stinkbug2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx quliwəš \ps v \ge stencil \de to stencil \mr [] \xv 1. kʰquliwəš \xe 'I push pencil along side of a crack so that by pushing I make the mark or groove it makes accompany or go along side of the crack.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.531.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qułktšnuy \a qułkšnuy \ps v \ge turn up one’s nose at \de to turn up one’s nose at \mr [] \cf nuxš \ce nose \xv 1. kʰqułkšnuy \xe 'I turn up my nose.' \xv 2. tšqułktšnuyit \xe 'he turned up his nose to me.' \xv 3. kʰqułk[š]nuy \xe 'I turn up my nose thus.' \xv 4. kʰqułkšnuyus \xe 'I turn up my nose at him.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.532.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx qułtap \ps v \ge shine into \de to shine into \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \xv 1. tsqułtap \xe 'the sun shines in through the window or door into the room or house.' \xv 2. tsqułtap \xe 'the sun enters through a little hole in the roof and falls like a beam on the table or anywhere.' \xv 3. naštəʔəʔə kiyilikʔe kisqultap losimantana \xe 'we were still seated when the sun shone in through the windows' (may also be seen of the moon). \sd verbs \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.532.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qulu- \ps vpre \ge INSTR.horizontal \ge of horizontal movement \ge horizontal movement, of \ge of movement lengthwise \ge movement lengthwise, of \ge lengthwise, of movement \de of horizontal movement; of movement lengthwise \ee Glossed as INSTR.horizontal. \cf quliwəš \ce to stencil \cf ?qułktšnuy \ce to turn up one’s nose at \cf qułtap \ce to shine into \cf quluʔułyiʔin \ce to move lengthwise \cf qulukuta \ce to pry up \cf qulukʔalaw \ce to pry off \cf qululowo \ce to have pain in one’s trunk \cf qulunikʔoyi \ce to turn around inside of \cf qulusuwesmes \ce to move smth lengthwise \cf quluškuy \ce to aim at with \cf qulutap \ce to insert smth into \cf quluwał \ce to bore with twists \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx quluʔułyiʔin \ps v \ge move lengthwise \de to move lengthwise \mr [] \cf ʔułyi \ce to be long; to be tall \xv 1. kʰquluʔułyiʔin \xe 'I push a pencil so it moves lengthwise on the table.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd shape \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.538.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qulukuta \ps v \ge pry up \de to pry up \mr [] \cf kuta \ce to get up; to slope up \xv 1. hukqulukuta \xe 'I pry up a board and make it stand up.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.533.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qulukʔalaw \ps v \ge pry off \de to pry off \mr [] \xv 1. hukqulukʔalaw \xe 'I pry him off' (said of prying an abalone off a rock). \sd verbs \sd food \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.533.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qululowo \a qululowon- \a qulunowo- \a qulunowon- \va (qululowon-, qulunowo-, qulunowon-) \ps v \ge pain in one’s trunk, have \ge have pain in one’s trunk \de to have pain in one’s trunk \ee The form ͽqululowo is listed separate from ͽqulunowo, but it seems likely that the latter is a variant or perhaps diminutive of the former. Harrington notes that his consultant understood this verb to mean one has sharp pains in the stomach or sides. Since this generally causes bending, it perhaps explains the meaning of ͽqulu . \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. tsqululowonit \xe 'I have pain in my trunk.' \sd verbs \sd health \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.534.1, 535.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qulunikʔoyi \ps v \ge turn around inside of \de to turn around inside of \mr [] \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \xv 1. kikasqulunikʔoyi \xe 'the snake turns around in the gopher hole.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.534.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qulunowo \cf qululowo \ce to have pain in one’s trunk \sd variations \dt 19/Jun/2018 \lx qulusuwesmes \ps v \ge move smth lengthwise \de to move smth lengthwise \mr [] \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf suwesmes \ce to make traverse; to put across \cf wesmes \ce to be traversed \xv 1. kʰqulusuwesmes \xe 'I roll a lead pencil by pushing it on the surface of the table with the butt of another lead pencil.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd shape \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.539.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx quluškuy \ps vt \ge aim at with \de to aim at with \mr [] \cf uškuy \ce to point at; to pertain to \xv 1. kquluskuyus \xe 'I aim at it with arrow or anything like that.' \sd archery \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 92.536.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qulutap \ps v \ge insert smth into \de to insert smth into \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \xv 1. hukqulutap hesiyawi hesitšapa \xe 'I am going to insert the key in the lock.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.537.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx quluwał \ps v \ge bore with twists \de to bore with twists \mr [] \cf wał \ce to have a hole; to be pierced \cf walenał \ce to drill \xv 1. kʰquluwał \xe 'I bore a hole with smth' ; 'I bored a hole through it.' \xv 2. huksapitsʔə hesixyelu kuhukʰquluwał \xe 'I heat an iron for boring it.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.538.2-539.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qun- \ps vpre \ge INSTR.branching \de of things branching \ee Glossed as INSTR.branching. \cf qunpakeʔet \ce to take hold of many connected things at once \cf quntʔaw \ce to lighten \cf quntštutuqš \ce to have wrinkled skin \sd instrumentals \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 21/Oct/2018 \lx qunpakeʔet \ps v \ge take hold of many connected things at once \de to take hold of many connected things at once \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \xv 1. kaqunpakeʔet lokasqʰoqʰo kanunit ! \xe 'take a bunch of wild grapes!' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 0.242.4 \dt 21/Oct/2018 \lx qunpstu \ps n \ge peso \ge skirt ornament \ge ornament, skirt \de skirt ornament; peso \ee While Harrington’s consultant did not know this word, Harrington asserts that it is “surely ok.” Reference to the Spanish peso (physical item) may have come from the circular shape of skirt ornaments to which this word also refers. See also Hudson & Blackburn (1985: 124 130). \mr ?[] \cf tu1 \ce ear \sd economics \lg JPH \rf 92.540.1 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx qunquntʔaw \ps v \ge lighten.REDUP \de to lighten.REDUP \cf quntʔaw \ce to lighten \sd reduplications \dt 27/Mar/2011 \lx qunqunup \a qunqunùp \ps n \ge child \ge young boy/girl.REDUP \ge young girl/boy.REDUP \de child.REDUP; young boy/girl.REDUP \cf qunup \ce child; young boy/girl \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qunti- \ps vpre \ge having to do with distance \ge distance, having to do with \de having to do with distance \ee This prefix indicates a situation that is carried out to some distance or extent. The distance or extent may be physical or abstract. Glossed as INSTR.distance. \cf quntiməkəʔə \ce to cause smth long to go far \cf quntinowo \ce to shoot straight up; to gush straight up \cf quntipʔow \ce to be bent (?said of smth long) \cf quntiwelexš \ce to exceed beyond \cf quntušmaxyətš \ce to be tied too tight \cf suquntinaʔał \ce to lengthen smth; to throw far \cf suquntipʔow \ce to bend smth \cf suquntiqnowowo \ce to shorten smth \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx quntikumli \ps v \ge make smth go as far as \de to make smth go as far as \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumli \ce to arrive at \cf tikum \ce to be against; to be next to \xv 1. mukquntikumli lokapwəlutš \xe 'I did not shoot as far as you did.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.540.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx quntiməkəʔə \ps v \ge cause smth long to go far \ge long to go far, cause smth \de to cause smth long to go far \mr [] \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \cf məkəʔə \ce to go far away/out \xv 1. kquntiməkəʔə \xe 'I am going to shoot my arrow very far.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd motion \sd distance \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.541.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx quntinowo \ps v \ge shoot straight up \ge gush straight up \de to shoot straight up; to gush straight up \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. no ʔan kʰquntinowo \xe 'I shoot straight up into the air.' \xv 2. hukiquntinowo \xe 'come, let us shoot up into the air as a pastime.' \xv 3. tsquntinowo ʔisʔan \xe 'a stream of blood comes up.' \sd verbs \sd archery \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.541.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx quntipʔow \ps v \ge bent (?said of smth long), be \de to be bent (?said of smth long) \ee Harrington’s consultant was unsure how ͽqun- contributed to the meaning of this word, but it would seem to indicate something previous long that was bent. \mr [] \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \cf suquntipʔow \ce to bend smth \xv 1. tsquntipʔow \xe 'it is already bent.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.542.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx quntiwelexš \a quntiweleqš \va (quntiweleqš) \ps v \ge exceed beyond \de to exceed beyond \ee The default interpretation of this verb seems to be that of shooting an arrow beyond a previous set point. However, it may be used in other instances of 'passing someone up' \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv quntiwelexšpi \pde to exceed beyond.APL.LOC \cf welexš \ce to pass \xv 1. hukquntiwelexš \xe 'I am going to shoot so that my arrow falls beyond a thing.' \xv 2. tsquntiwelexšwu \xe 'he throws them further than they do.' \xv 3. hukʰquntiwelexš losimaha \xe 'I am going to shoot beyond that canyon.' \xv 4. tšquntiweleqšpi lokakʰxaʔax \xe 'I beat him in being fat' ; 'I shot my arrow beyond his or threw farther in my fatness.' \xv 5. hukquntiwelexšpi \xe 'I am going to shoot beyond that' (this was said when they tried to see who could shoot the furthest – not when they were shooting at a target). \xv 6. hukquntiwelexšpi lokapwəlutš \xe 'I am going to shoot beyond where you shoot.' \sd verbs \sd archery \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.544.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx quntušmaxyətš \ps v \ge tied too tight, be \de to be tied too tight \mr [] \cf ušmaxyət \ce to pull; to be pulled by undertow \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. tšquntušmaxyətš \xe 'the string is taught; it is far too tight.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.545.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx quntʔaw \rd qunquntʔaw \ps v \ge lighten \de to lighten \mr [] \cf tsquntaw \ce lightning \xv 1. tsquntʔaw \xe 'it lightens.' \xv 2. tsqunquntʔaw \xe 'it is lighting consecutively' (said of lightning strikes). \sd verbs \sd elements \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.548.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx quntštutuqš \a quntštutukš \va (quntštutukš) \ps v \ge wrinkled skin, have \ge skin, have wrinkled \de to have wrinkled skin \mr [] \cf təkəkʰə \ce to be rough \cf təkəs \ce to be rough or chapped \xv 1. tšquntštutuqš \xe 'she has wrinkled skin.' \xv 2. neʔesxawawaʔa kahe tšquntštutuqš \xe 'she was already lean and wrinkled.' \xv 3. tsiqip heʔišquntštutukš tsʰunuwus saʔałʔowoy \xe 'she fills all her wrinkles with talcum.' \xv 4. tskumu saʔawhay̓ kikasʰununa simuʔił hałtšquntštutukš heʔištəq \xe 'at the end of four months she was already beginning to have no more wrinkles on her face.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd body \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg TJPH \rf 91.136.3; 92.545.2; Glutton88 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qunup \rd qunqunup \a qunupʰ \a qunupʰə \ps n \ge child \ge young boy/girl \ge young girl/boy \de child; young boy/girl \cf kakqunupmawa \ce Christmas holiday \cf kaqunupmawa \ce god \xv 1. tseqe siqunup \xe 'the child is born.' \xv 2. naštʔəʔə qunup \xe 'when he is still a child.' \xv 3. qunup ʔiʔałkutet \xe 'child of breast.' \xv 4. qunup ʔiqʔonon \xe 'young mouse.' \xv 5. ʔatʔaxatš ʔiqunup \xe 'male child.' \xv 6. ʔatʔaxtʔaxtš ʔiqunqunup \xe 'male children.' \xv 7. xʔanwa ʔiqunup \xe 'female child.' \xv 8. tsʔutiyək ʔi qunup \xe 'womb.' \xv 9. ʔulele kakisiqunup ! \xe 'lull the baby!' \xv 10. tšqonoqš ʔišʔaxšəw lokaqunup \xe 'he cut the naval cord of the baby.' \xv 11. huksukuyam hesiqunup hesikawayu \xe 'I am going to put the boy on the horse.' \xv 12. hesiqunup ʔan tšixinəšpi lokatanaʔaləhəy \xe 'this boy is afraid of that bigger (older) boy.' \xv 13. tsʰəpsəpuswu siqunqunup susiyʔalał \xe 'the woman is teaching the children to read.' \xv 14. lokanaštəʔəʔə kʰqunup ʔan neʔesikitkitwo hesikuhkuʔu \xe 'when I was a child the Indians were going home.' \xv 15. naštəʔəʔə kqunup ʔan tšaqša lokaktete, kikanupan tšaqša lokakʰkoko kikakʔoxpon̓ \xe 'I am an orphan, then I was still a boy my mother died and later my father died and I became an orphan.' \xv 16. naštəʔəʔə tšʔanutš lokaxəp, naštəʔəʔə tsamqisə. kʔuwe samʔip ʔan mušaqša lokaʔqunup kʔuwe šeqwełtšəši sipistuk \xe 'the rock is still blood-stained, it can still be seen. and they say that the child did not die but was turned into a ground-squirrel.' \xv 17. kikasiyikuswu lokaqunqunup kuhušiyaqškʔutwəš \xe 'and they give him to the children to play with.' \sd people \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.14; 89.82.3, 92.546.1-548.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qupe \sc Eschscholzia californica \ps n \ge California poppy \ge poppy, California \de California poppy \ee Identified by Candelaria Valenzuela from a specimen. \et *qupe \ec Compare BOI qupe ‘poppy,’ INZ qupe ‘poppy,’ OBI ł-k/qupe ‘red’ (Klar 1977: 106) \cf qupenitš \ce to have poppies \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.590.1; 92.549.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qupenitš \ps v \ge poppies, have \de to have poppies \mr [] \cf qupe \ce California poppy \xv 1. heʔišup ʔan tšqupenitš \xe 'this hill is poppy-y.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.549.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qupšlet \ps n \ge hemorrhoid \de hemorrhoid \xv 1. tskitwo ʔisqupšlet \xe 'he has hemorrhoids.' \sd health \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.602.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx qutitwałyək \cf qutitšwałyək \ce to be familiar with; to be acquainted with \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qutitšwałyək \a qutitwałyək \a qutiwałyək \va (qutitwałyək, qutiwałyək) \ps v \ge familiar with, be \ge acquainted with, be \de to be familiar with; to be acquainted with \ee Morphological parse for this word very tenuous. \mr ?[] \xv 1. mukqutitwałyəkił \xe 'I do not know you.' \xv 2. lokamunašamšukəpə ʔan musamqutiwałyək \xe 'before baptism, they did not know him.' \xv 3. ʔiti hesałtikumus hesimuwu ʔan neʔešišełxe sikuhkuʔu, losixaxaʔax ʔišup ʔan kałʔiyakuhu sikuhkuʔu kʔuwe muʔišukepeš, musiqutitšwałyəkwu sipałpaliʔi \xe 'here on the coast the Indians have become extinct, but in the big mountains there are many and they don't know priests.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.550.2-551.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qutiwałyək \cf qutitšwałyək \ce to be familiar with; to be acquainted with \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qutiyət \ps v \ge speak softly and pleasantly \ge coax \de to speak softly and pleasantly; to coax \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv qutiyətš \pde to speak softly and pleasantly.IPFV \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. pqutiyətš \xe 'you talk soft and swell or nice words.' \xv 2. pqutiyətił \xe 'I talk to you really soft and sweet so as to get something out of you.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.20.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx quyiwaš \rd quyquyiwaʔaš \a quyiwàš \ps n \ge cora (any size) \ge basket dish \de cora (any size); basket dish \ee Used to serve individual portions of food. This term was also applied to dish baskets with a pedestaled base (Hudson & Blackburn 1983: 256 270). \xv 1. hukaqnəʔəp siquyiwaš \xe 'I am going to make a cora.' \xv 2. musʔił tštiwiš hesiquyiwaš lokaxəp kaštiwis \xe 'this cora has no bottom.' \xv 3. tsamsuteqpey siquyiwaš lokapeyeš kaypi \xe 'they stick a cora on a mortar so that it does drop out' (so the meal will not be lost). \sd culture \sd food \sd basketry \lg JPH \rf 90.112.4; 92.530.2-531.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qwe \ps n \ge toyon \de toyon \sc Heteromeles arbutifolia \ee See also Timbrook (2007: 91). \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kweʼ ‘toyon,’ CRZ qweʼe ‘toyon,’ INZ qweʼ ‘toyon’, PUY qweʼe̥ ‘toyon’ (Whistler 1980: 75; Beeler & Klar 1977: 126; SYBCI 2007: 296; Harrington 1986: 3.6.27.2) \xv 1. tsʔił ʔišiyušqaləʔəš pon̓ ʔiqwe kasila ʔisʰapsiwə tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔkasiyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyuqał \xe 'they have their wedges of toyon wood or deerhorn, and they open or split the wood according to their desire using the wedges.' \sd plants \sd trees \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Tomol14 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx qwili \ph qʰwɪlɪ \ps n \ge meadowlark \de meadowlark \ee The translation of the Spanish calandria, 'Calandra Lark' (ϞMelanocorypha Ϟcalandra), cannot apply given the distribution of the bird (exclusively to the Old World). Henshaw translates this as ‘meadowlark’ \xv 1. lokaqʰwilì ʔan tšaxtawašətš ʔisnə̀w \xe 'the lark sings prettily.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.510.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx qwis \ps v \ge burst and spill out (said of dead creature’s innards) \de to burst and spill out (said of dead creature’s innards) \cf tiqwis \ce to gut \xv 1. neʔesqwis \xe 'the belly of a dead horse or any other dead animal bursts open and the guts stick out. Said only this happening to a dead animal in the sun' (like horse after two or three days). \sd verbs \sd body \sd animals \sd health \sd lifecycle \lg JPH \rf 92.553.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qʰał \rd qʰałqʰał \a kʰał \a qał \a qal- \va (kał, kʰał, qal, qał) \ps v \ge come apart from \de to come apart from \mr [] \cf akałhaha \ce to be gaping \cf alušqałtš \ce to be open (as a door or pot without a lid) \cf apisaqałhaha \ce to open by means of hot water \cf kaqʰał \ce to make flake off \cf kʔiłtsakałhaha \ce to open (one's mouth) only a little \cf niqʰał \ce to pull off \cf saqʰałhaha \ce to open apart (said of clam shells) \cf suqʰalus \ce to open smth; to cause to open \cf susʰakałhaha \ce to open smn’s mouth wide \cf ušqaləʔəš \ce wedge \cf ušqʰał \ce I. wedge II. to push open \cf ušqʰałtš \ce to be opened; to open of one's own accord \cf wikʰał \ce to split open (with a rock) \cf wikʰaləʔəš \ce adze \cf xuluqʰał \ce to chip off smth \xv 1. tsqʰał \xe 'it peels off as wallpaper does.' \xv 2. neʔesqał \xe 'it is already peeled off.' \xv 3. tsqʰałqʰał \xe 'the wallpaper is peeling all off the wall.' \sd verbs \sd manner \rf TJPH; JPH \rf 92.556.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qʰałqʰał \ps v \ge come apart from.REDUP \de to come apart from.REDUP \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \sd reduplications \dt 27/Mar/2011 \lx qʰapqʰap \ps v \ge sheer (thin), be \de to be sheer (thin) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI qʰapqʰap ‘to be thin,’ INZ qʰapqʰap ‘to be thin; to be slender’ (Whistler 1980: 25; SYBCI 2007: 285) \xv 1. tsqʰapqʰap \xe 'it is thin' (like paper). \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 92.556.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qʰaq \rd qʰaqʰqaʔaq \ps n \ge antelope \de antelope \xv 1. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə siqʰaq kikəpə ʔan neʔesiyakuhu sikukuʔu kineʔemusʔił \xe 'there used to be antelopes here but there are too many people and therefore there are none now.' \xv 2. tšluhəʔən lokasʰap kawə, kʔuwe lokaqʰaq ʔan latšlupakeʔet ʔisʰap \xe 'the deer has horns with many brances but the antelope’s horn grows straight without branches.' \xv 3. loʔkasʰap kaqʰaqʰ ʔan tsulupakʔà \xe 'the horn of the antelope is prongless' (phrase seems to be dialectal). \xv 4. loʔkaštəqʰšaʔàš kaqʰaq ʔan kašnehet loʔkaštaqapqap kaxšo sinupan tsiyapiyam \xe 'the antelope is the color of the recently fallen sycamore leaves.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd mammals \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.699.1-701.2; 90.149.4; 92.654.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qʰaqʰqaʔaq \ps n \ge antelope.REDUP \de antelope.REDUP \cf qʰaq \ce antelope \sd reduplications \dt 14/Dec/2012 \lx qʰnoyiqʰnoy \ps n \ge pollywog \ge tadpole \de pollywog; tadpole \ee This is the diminutive form of ͽqʰloyiqʰloy ‘frog’ in the ͽsʔoməs dialect. \sd amphibians \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.175.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qʰoqʰo \ps nroot \ge bunch of grapes \de bunch of grapes \ee This form is inherently possessed. \cf tsqʰoqʰo \ce bunch of grapes \sd nroots \sd roots \sd plants \sd nature \sd food \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx -qʔalaw- \a -kʔalaw- \ps vroot \ge move upwards \de move upwards \cf niqʔalaw \ce to pull out with the hands \cf qulukʔalaw \ce to pry off \cf wiqʔalaw \ce to pull up with a blow (said of hoeing plants) \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \rf 90.193.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx qʔanqʔanwawaš \ps n \ge old woman.REDUP \ge woman, old.REDUP \de old woman.REDUP \cf qʔanwawaš \ce old woman \sd reduplications \dt 19/Jun/2018 \lx qʔanwa \ps n \ge woman.DIM \ge girl child \de girl child \mr [] \cf xʔanwa \ce woman; lady; girl, young lady; young woman \xv 1. qʔanwa \xe 'a girl.' \xv 2. ksuwheł siqʔanwa \xe 'I gave birth to a girl.' \xv 3. lokaqʔanwa ʔan tsalotoyi heʔisaləʔəł kašmamawaš \xe 'the little girl is lying at the feet of her grandmother.' \sd people \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.347.1; 92.554.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qʔanwawaš \rd qʔanqʔanwawaš \ps n \ge woman.DIM.DEPR \ge old woman \ge woman, old \de old woman \mr [] \cf pakəwaš \ce I. old man II. to be old \cf xʔanwa \ce woman; lady; girl, young lady; young woman \xv 1. kapʰqʔanwawaš \xe 'thy mother' (old wife of the house). \xv 2. hesiʔapʰanəšmu ʔan ʔəhə sipakpakəwaš kasiqʔanqʔanwawaš \xe 'this town has many old people.' \sd people \sd kinship \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.14; 92.554.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qʔetete \a qetete \va (qetete) \ps v \ge go about stooping at the waist \de to go about stooping at the waist \xv 1. tsqʔetete \xe 'the man bends forward from his waist.' \xv 2. kʰqetete \xe 'I go with trunk of my body bent somewhat forward.' \xv 3. tsqetete losipakəwaš \xe 'the old man goes bending the trunk of his body forward.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 92.555.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx qʔəmə \ps n \ge seasnail used for eating with stew or salad \de seasnail used for eating with stew or salad \ee These were small and used for eating with a stew or salad 2. Harrington notes that this is a “good example of glottalized ͽq” \et *qʔVmV \ec Compare INZ qʼɨmɨʼ ‘seasnail,’ OBI ł-qʼɨmɨʼ ‘’seasnail’ (Klar 1977: 108-109) \xv 1. qʔəmə̀ ʔi ʔałwaštipołyoqò \xe 'twisted snail shell.' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd shellfish \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.179; 70.103.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx qʔom \ps v \ge doubled up, be \de to be doubled up \cf ʔałxałtsiqom \ce scorpion \cf ʔiqʔom \ce to be doubled up; to be folded \cf aliqʔom \ce to be doubled up lying down \cf siqʔom \ce to fold so as to bend back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔom \ce to double smth back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔoməš \ce smth bent back on itself \xv 1. neʔesqʔom hesikʔułya \xe 'my finger is already bent double.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd stative \sd manner \sd shape \lg JPH \rf 92.555.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx qʔonon \a qonon \va (qonon) \ps n \ge mouse \ge rat, small \de mouse; small rat \et *qlo.REDUP \ec Compare BOI qʼemem ‘mouse; ?rat species,’ CRZ qʰlol ‘rat,’ INZ qolol ‘mouse’ and qʼemem ‘rat (species),’ OBI (t)qlolo ⁓ klolo ‘mouse’ (Klar 1977: 98-99; Whistler 1980: 70; Harringon 1986: 3.71.881.1) \xv 1. qunup ʔiqʔonon (Ϟor nupan ʔiqʔonon) \xe 'young mouse.' \xv 2. tsʔił siqʔonon ʔan tšʰuqoʔotš \xe 'there is a very small/cute mouse.' \xv 3. hesikatu ʔan tšulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'the cat catches rats.' \xv 4. sikatu ʔan hušulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'a cat will catch the rats.' \xv 5. tsexlelè loʔkaqonòn \xe 'the mouse cries out.' \sd animals \sd mammals \lg TJPH \rf 89.577.1; 90.245.3 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx qʔuyuy \ps n \ge sea anemone \de sea anemone \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.67.2; 81.132.3 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx repoyo \ps n \ge cabbage \de cabbage \mr [] \xv 1. huksinay ʔišʔapš kihuksinayus (Ϟor hukšapuštipey) ʔisanorya karepoyo, kasinawu \xe 'I am going to put a soup on add or mix in carrots, cabbage and turnips.' \sd food \sd horticulture \sd agriculture \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.732.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx rifle \ps n \ge rifle \ge gun \de gun; rifle \mr [] \xv 1. kay ʔan tšnownowonwaš kahe salitʰakuy sirifle \xe 'I am seated holding a gun.' \sd tools \sd warfare \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.212.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx s- \hm 1 \cf ts- \ce third person prefix \sd variations \dt 18/Mar/2011 \lx s- \hm 2 \cf si-2 \ce partitive prefix \sd variations \dt 19/Jun/2018 \lx sa \rd sahsaʔa \ps n \ge tooth/teeth \ge teeth/tooth \de tooth/teeth \ee Does not refer to molars; refers only to incisors and canines. \mr [] \cf ʔałtšahatš \ce flint-pointed arrow \cf ʔoxkoʔow \ce molar \cf šaniwaš \ce old tooth \cf tsʰa \ce fishhook; arrow point \cf tšanwaš \ce tooth.DEPR \xv 1. siksa \xe 'my teeth.' \xv 2. tskla hesiksa \xe 'my tooth is broken off.' \xv 3. tsiyapiyam ʔisʰa \xe 'his teeth are falling out' (said of a 7 year old child). \xv 4. tsaqskʔəy heʔisʰa \xe 'he grits his teeth' (may also be said of a crawfish bringing its pinchers together). \xv 5. kušiʔik siksa \xe 'my front tooth aches.' \xv 6. tsiyapiyam ʔisʰa \xe 'his teeth are falling out.' \xv 7. tsiyapiyam ʔisʰa \xe 'he is losing his teeth' (said of a 7 year old child). \xv 8. husikitwoniʔiy ʔisʰa \xe 'he is going to have a new set of teeth come in' (idiomatic expression). \xv 9. šaniwaš \xe 'old tooth no longer in the head.' \xv 10. tšanwaš \xe 'old thrown away tooth.' \xv 11. lokaʔəqəy ʔan musʔił tsʰa, ʔan tsʔił ʔismiqəp, tsiyutiyək siqəpqəʔəp kikałʔiyaqisə lokaqəpqəʔəp sałʔuw \xe 'the hen has no teeth, but a gizzard and it contains stones and grinds its food fine.' \xv 12. kušiʔik siksahsaʔa \xe 'my teeth (many of them) ache.' \xv 13. huksinayus ʔi sʰa \xe 'I am going to put a flint point on my arrow.' \sd anatomy \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.324.1; 90.493.1-90.494.1; 93.106.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sa- \cf si-2 \ce partitive prefix \sd variations \dt 23/Jul/2018 \lx saha \sc Distichlis spicata \ps n \ge salt grass \ge grass, salt \de salt grass \et ɕ \ec Compare PUY saha’ḁ ‘salt grass’ (Harrington 1986: 3.6.28.2). There do not seem to be cognates in other Central Chumash languages \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (77). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.80.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sahsaʔa \a sahsaʔa \va (sahsaʔa) \ps n \ge tooth.REDUP \de tooth.REDUP \cf sa \ce tooth/teeth \sd reduplications \dt 01/Mar/2011 \lx sakałhaʔanli \ps v \ge take in one's mouth \de to take in one's mouth \mr [] \cf akałhaha \ce to be gaping \cf sakałhaha \ce to open one's mouth (wide) \xv 1. lasʰakałhaʔanli kikašulišwu lokatšotšonəʔəš kʔuwe musaqlewunwu \xe 'he merely seizes them in his mouth, he does not swallow them.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd food \lg JPH \rf 90.495.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sakałhaha \a sakałhaʔa \va (sakałhaʔa) \ps v \ge open one's mouth (wide) \de to open one's mouth (wide) \ee This verb does not mean to yawn. \mr [] \cf akałhaha \ce to be gaping \cf sakałhaʔanli \ce to take in one's mouth \cf saqʰałhaha \ce to open apart (said of clam shells) \xv 1. musʰakałaʔa \xe 'he does not open his mouth.' \xv 2. ksakałhaha \xe 'I have my mouth wide open.' \xv 3. no ʔan ksakałhaʔa \xe 'I open my mouth wide.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 90.494.2-494.3 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx sal- \a saʔal- \a saʔał- \a sał- \a šał- \va (saʔal-, saʔał-, sał-) \hm 1 \ps pre \ge DEP=NZ- \de relativizing prefix \ee This is a collocation of the proclitic ͽsi=1 and the nominalizer ͽʔal- . Glossed as DEP=NZ . \xv 1. lokaʔəqəy ʔan musʔił tsʰa, ʔan tsʔił ʔismixəp, tsiyutiyək siqəpqəʔəp kikałʔiyaqisə lokaqəpqəʔəp sałʔuw \xe 'the hen has no teeth, but a gizzard and it contains stones and grinds its food fine.' \xv 2. lošaʔatʔaxatš sałyət hušištowšiyuw \xe 'that man is coming over here to fight us.' \xv 3. hešałkaʔaškom̓ kalasʰuna lyos ʔan ʔiyʔałtšaqšiłtšaši maʔam sałʔiškom̓: hupitaqyəwus kihupsuyuwaha lyos, kihupsuyuwaha lokatsʔohoy kaku kʰan tšnahet pi \xe 'these ten Commandments are contained encienrran in two: to serve and to love God over all the things, and to love your neighbor as you [love] yourself.' \xv 4. xilikšaši kimuhušampošʰotš hesikukuʔu lokakšałnetnetpi ! \xe 'take care that these people here do not find out about our predicament!' \xv 5. loʔištəpə kasʔił salamnaqša \xe 'at the roots of its teeth it has its poison.' \xv 6. yəlaʔa loʔkakwis ʔan kʔismonwu ki ksinaywu sał musʔił lułniselqé \xe 'I put all the hilos in a pile and place them where nobody will disturb them.' \xv 7. lo sał lo sutiyəʔət lomotʔo \xe 'the one is on the other side.' \sd prefixes \sd proclitics \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sal- \hm 2 \a sał- \a soł- \va (sał-, ?soł-) \ps vpre \ge of counting/separating \ge counting/separating, of \ge INSTR.counting/separating \de of counting/separating \ee Glossed as INSTR.counting/separating. \cf sałmaqtu \ce to divide in two \cf sałmasəx \ce to count three; third \cf sałtihin \ce to include in count \cf sałtu \ce to count two; second \cf sałyət \ce to count \cf šałyətš \ce to count (keep track of numbers, scores, etc.) \cf sołposʰo \ce to tell smn his fate \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd numbers \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx salaqwaʔay \a salaqway \a salaqʰwaʔày \a salaqʰwaʔay \va (salaqway) \ps v \ge fix smth \ge form \ge make ready \ge refine \de to fix smth; to form; to make ready; to refine \mr [] \cf alaqwaʔay \ce to be ready (to fight, etc); to get along all right (such as happens in a good house with plenty of food); to be well-fixed in a good house; to build/do smth well (or poorly with ͽ-mu); to settle; to get one’s way \cf aqwaʔay \ce to be/go on the mark; to hit (on) the mark \cf matisalaqwaʔay \ce to fix first \cf tipaqwaʔay \ce to be on time \xv 1. huksalaqwaʔay \xe 'I am going to fix it up.' \xv 2. huksalaqwaʔay \xe 'I am going to fix' (my suspender). \xv 3. mušʰutšoho hałtsʰalaqwaʔay heʔisquyuw \xe 'it knows not how to compose its lies.' \xv 4. sixutʰ loʔkałʔamsalaqwaʔay loʔkašʔapš kayopʰ \xe 'the oil refinery was on fire.' \xv 5. ʔəwə laʔpsalaqʰwaʔay watšʔəw̓, neʔiknisełqe \xe 'I wish you could fix it.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.501.4-502.4; 94.361.1; Coyo105 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sałhay \ps v \ge lift high (above the head) \de to lift high (above the head) \xv 1. huksałhay, huksuwaya \xe 'I am going to lift it from the floor; I am going to lift it high.' \xv 2. tsamsałhay \xe 'they lift it' (anything light or heavy). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \sd body \lg JPH \rf 90.503.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx salikowowo \ps v \ge put lying on one's side \ge bevel \de to put lying on one's side; to bevel \mr [] \cf alikowowo \ce to be lying on one's side \cf kowowo \ce to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.503.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx salitsʔiyət \ps v \ge put smn’s buttocks in the air \de to put smn’s buttocks in the air \mr [] \cf tsʔiyət \ce to put one's buttocks in the air; to crouch with one's buttocks in the air \xv 1. ksalitsʔiyət lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I placed the man with his buttocks in the air.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 82.4.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx saliwotoqloʔop \ps v \ge put face up (lying down) \de to put face up (lying down) \mr [] \cf aliwotoqloʔop \ce to lie face down \xv 1. ksaliwotoqloʔop \xe 'I put it face up.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.504.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx saliyexexe \ps v \ge put face up \de to put face up \ee Harrington notes that this verb is only used of people. \mr [] \cf aliyeqe \ce to be mouth/face up \cf aliyexexe \ce to be on one's back \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \xv 1. ksaliyexexe \xe 'I put him face up.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.503.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sałmaqtu \ps v \ge divide in two \de to divide in two \mr [] \xv 1. huksałmaqtu \xe 'I am going to divide in two.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.505.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sałmasəx \ps v \ge count three \ge third \de to count three; third \ee Harrington notes that this the closest thing to an ordinal number. \mr [] \cf masəx \ce three \sd numbers \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.231.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sałpunli \ps v \ge make something go skirting around a corner of \de to make something go skirting around a corner of \ee Can be used of the tongue going around the edges of the mouth. \mr [] \cf ałpunli \ce to skirt around the corner of \xv 1. ksałpunli \xe 'I make it go skirting around the corner of the room.' \xv 2. kałpunli \xe 'I go skirting around the corner of the room.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.242.4-243.2; 90.505.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sałsapariya \ps n \ge sarsaparilla \de sarsaparilla \mr [] \xv 1. kaye kałwašətš ʔiʔaxiyeʔep heʔisałsapariya \xe 'this sarsaparrilla is good medicine.' \sd food \lg TJPH \rf 89.675.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sałtə \ps v \ge cause to meet with \ge bump \de to cause to meet with; to bump \mr [] \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \xv 1. ksałtə \xe 'I bumped smth/smn.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.505.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sałtihin \ps v \ge include in count \de to include in count \mr [] \xv 1. muksałtihin \xe 'I am counting and leaves thing outside of my count, do not count it with the others.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.506.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sałtu \ps v \ge count two \ge second \de to count two; second \ee Harrington notes that this the closest thing to an ordinal number. \mr [] \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.506.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sałyət \ps v \ge count \de to count \mr [] \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. ksałyət yəlaʔa \xe 'I counted all.' \xv 2. ksałyətš \xe 'I count.' \xv 3. huksałyətš \xe 'I am going to count.' \xv 4. ʔałʔałsałyətš lokaʔatʔaqatš \xe 'that man counts numbers much.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.231.2; 90.504.3; 94.358.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx san diego \ps n \ge San Diego \de San Diego, California \sd places \rf 89.299.3 \dt 23/Aug/2018 \lx san fernando \ps n \ge San Fernando (valley) \de San Fernando (valley) \mr [] \xv 1. loʔismiluk ʔi šup kasʔilił san fernando \xe 'San Fernando is at the foot of the mountains.' \xv 2. kikasisaxiyepus heʔišyəwəš tsisʰunuwus šitaštaʔaš kaštə hamisar kašiyʔałhašəʔəš siyʔiyʔałnuna san fernando \xe 'and they cured her with an herb called hamisar in the San Fernando language.' \sd places \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \rf 81.39.4; 89.186.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sandia \ps n \ge watermelon \de watermelon \mr [] \xv 1. hukʔuw ʔisandia \xe 'I am going to eat watermelon.' \sd food \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd plants \lg TJPH \rf 91.545.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sanorya \ps n \ge carrot \de carrot \mr [] \xv 1. hukšuniwəš hesikaldo ʔisanorya kasikolis \xe 'I am going to add carrots to the soup, and cabbage.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd plants \lg TJPH \rf 89.200.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sansantuʔu \ps n \ge saint.REDUP \de saint.REDUP \cf santu \ce saint \sd reduplications \dt 13/Jan/2011 \lx sansanxaʔa \ps n \ge ditch.REDUP \de ditch.REDUP \cf sanxa \ce ditch \sd reduplications \dt 07/Aug/2011 \lx santa barbara \ps name \ge Santa Barbara \de Santa Barbara \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan kiliklikʔenwaš santa barbara \xe 'I used to live in Santa Barbara.' \xv 2. no ʔan santa barbara kakʔap \xe 'I live in Santa Barbara.' \xv 3. kapikitwo kaqšutš santa barbara \xe 'I set out in a boat and make towards Santa Barbara.' \xv 4. salaxikəhənus santa barbara \xe 'near Santa Barbara.' \xv 5. kšaqšaqškʔunapaš santa barbara \xe 'I was fishing at Santa Barbara.' \sd places \lg TJPH \rf 89.299.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx santakulus \ps n \ge cross, (holy) \ge (holy) cross \de (holy) cross \mr [] \xv 1. tsamwiwiłpi lokasantakulus \xe 'they nailed him on the cross.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.507.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx santu \rd sansantuʔu \ps n \ge saint \de saint \mr [] \xv 1. kšuwašətš lokaespiritu santo, lokasantaʔilesya katolika, lokasikomunyon kasansantuʔu \xe 'I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Holy Catholic Church, and the communion of saints.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd religion \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.507.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sanxa \rd sansanxaʔa \ps n \ge ditch \de ditch \mr [] \xv 1. heʔisansanxaʔa \xe 'the ditches.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.507.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sapatu \ps n \ge shoe \de shoe \mr [] \cf ʔeqenmu \ce flat-heeled sandal with a section above made of woven leather strips \cf šapatunitš \ce to put shoes on \xv 1. huktapi siksapatu \xe 'I am going to put my shoes on.' \xv 2. hukšapatunitš \xe 'I am going to put my shoes on.' \xv 3. neʔesaxixe hekaksapatu \xe 'my shoe is worn out.' \xv 4. huksutapi hešikwaštap \xe 'I am going to put on my bracelet..' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd clothes \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.372.3; 90.508.1-3; 91.104.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sapaxsəw \ps v \ge dry smth with heat \de to dry smth with heat \mr [] \cf apaxsəw \ce to dry by heat \cf axsəw \ce to be dry \xv 1. ksapaxsəw \xe ' I dry it by the fire.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg TJPH \rf 89.310.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sapəhəʔən \ps v \ge make a big flash of light \de to make a big flash of light \mr [] \cf apəhəʔən \ce to burn; to be on fire \cf əhəʔən \ce to be too much \xv 1. tsisapəhəʔən \xe 'they make a big flash of light' (said of fireflies). \xv 2. pawapaw ʔi ʔałsapəhəʔə̀n \xe 'firefly' (specifically ones that make a "big flash). \sd animals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.32.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx sapəti \ps v \ge put on top of \de to put on top of \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \cf maxsapəti \ce to drag up; to pull up \xv 1. huksapəti \xe 'I am going to put this (stone) on top of the (mirror).' \xv 2. tsamsapətinus ʔisʔoxwo \xe 'they raise its head.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.508.4-509.1; 94.377.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sapikəyəmi \ps v \ge straighten with fire \de to straighten with fire \mr [] \cf kəyəmi \ce to be straight \xv 1. ksapikəyəmi \xe 'I straighten [a stick] with fire.' \sd verbs \sd heat \sd warfare \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.511.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sapipkʔes \ps v \ge cause to burst open from heat \de to cause to burst open from heat \mr [] \cf apipkʔes \ce to burst from heat \cf pkʔes \ce to burst open; to open from the inside out \xv 1. no ʔan ksapipkʔes soʔonhokok \xe 'I threw a lizard in the fire to make him burst.' \xv 2. tsapipkʔes soʔonhokok \xe 'the lizard burst open by doing thus.' \xv 3. tspkʔes \xe 'it burst open.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.330.1; 90.511.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sapipxey \ps v \ge add wood to fire \de to add wood to fire \ee Harrington notes that one could also say ͽipqey of this action, though ͽsapipqey is the technical word. \mr [] \cf ipxey \ce to add to \xv 1. tšʰapipxey \xe 'he adds more wood to the fire.' \xv 2. no ʔan huksapipxey \xe 'I add more wood.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.511.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sapitsʔə \ps v \ge heat smth \de to heat smth \ee The form ͽapitsʔə is said of artificial heat whereas ͽišaw is said of natural heat (from the sun, etc.) \mr [] \cf apitsʔə \ce to be (very) hot \cf tsʔə \ce to be spicy; to be hot (as is said of food); to burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \xv 1. huksapitsə soʔo \xe 'I am going to heat some water.' \xv 2. huksapitsʔə lokaʔalos \xe 'I am going to heat up the rice.' \xv 3. huksapitsʔə hesixyelu kuhukʰquluwał \xe 'I am going to heat an iron for boring it.' \xv 4. huksapitsʔə hesikʔaqʰkəyəminaʔaš kuhukaqʰkəyəmi hesikya \xe 'I am going to heat the arrowstraightener and straighten my arrows.' \sd food \sd heat \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.260.2, 512.2-513.1; 94.358.2 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx sapiwił \ps v \ge make a fire \de to make a fire \mr [] \cf apiwił \ce to be a fire (in the open) \cf apiwilutš \ce to be a place of a former campfire \cf sapiwiłmu \ce fireplace; place where they build the fire all the time \xv 1. ʔiti huksapiwił \xe 'I am going to make a fire here.' \xv 2. nelupsapiwił ? ; laʔiti \xe 'where are you going to build a fire?' ; 'right here.' \xv 3. hukaqtəʔəp ʔiti huksapiwił \xe 'I am going to kindle a fire here in this place.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.513.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sapiwiłmu \ps n \ge fireplace \ge place where they build the fire all the time \de fireplace; place where they build the fire all the time \mr [] \sy ʔaqtəpmu \cf apiwił \ce to be a fire (in the open) \cf sapiwił \ce to make a fire \sd verbs \sd household \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.92; 90.513.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sapixe \ps v \ge burn smth down \de to burn smth down \mr [] \cf apixe \ce to be burnt out \xv 1. ksapixe yəlaʔa \xe 'I burnt out everything.' \xv 2. tsʰapixe \xe 'he burnt it all.' \xv 3. tsapiyi loʔišup ʔan tsapixe \xe 'there was a conflagration in the mountains or a forest fire and the forest all burnt out clean.' \xv 4. tsapiyi loʔišup ʔəhə siyʔitow \xe 'there is a fire in the mountains, a lot of smoke is rising.' \sd heat \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.330.2-3; 90.512.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sapiyam \ps v \ge let fall \ge loose \de to let fall; to loose \mr [] \cf apiyam \ce to fall quickly \cf watwatisapiyam \ce to drop smth as one moves \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. no ʔan hukapət lokakawayu kaʔałtšapiyamwaš lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I will mount the horse who threw the man.' \xv 2. ksapiyam hekakitsʔutinhət \xe 'I have lost my wood carrying band.' \xv 3. lokakawayu ʔan tsʰapiyam lokaqunup \xe 'the horse threw the boy to the ground.' \xv 4. no ʔan ksapiyam \xe 'I threw him (the horse says).' \sd verbs \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.509.2-3, 510.2; 93.122.2; 94.358.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sapiyət \a sapiyə̀t \ph sɑˈpɪjǝt \ps v \ge begin to sing \de to begin to sing \ee This verb seems to indicate a certain kind of singing. \mr [] \cf apiyət \ce to perform (sing) incantations at night \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. kikisapiyə̀t \xe 'we began to sing.' \xv 2. hukisapiyət \xe 'we are going to begin to sing.' \xv 3. kiwatanisapiyət \xe 'we have not sung the ͽsapiyət for several days.' \sd verbs \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 90.510.3-4; Coyo108 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx sapuskeʔey \cf šapuškeʔey \ce to hook smth onto; to seize smth with a hook \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sapʰək \ps vt \ge stop smn's crying \de to stop smn's crying \mr [] \ee Harrington notes that this verb is generally said of children. \cf apʰək \ce to stop crying \xv 1. huksapʰək losiqunup \xe 'I am going over to that crying child to make him stop crying.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukapʰək \xe 'I am going to stop crying.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.350.3; 90.514.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saqałhaha \cf saqʰałhaha \ce to open apart (said of clam shells) \sd variations \dt 07/Aug/2011 \lx saqikʔik \a saqikʔit \va (saqikʔit) \ps v \ge disturb \ge bother \de to bother; to disturb \ee It seems that ͽsaqikʔit is a variant of this word. \sy aqilisisi \xv 1. heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan tsaqsaqikʔikit \xe 'this dog is disturbing me.' \xv 2. ʔinapsaqikʔikił ! kwaqwaqšikušaš \xe 'do not disturb me! I am busy writing.' \xv 3. tsʰaqikʔitit \xe 'it bothers me.' \xv 4. ka muhuksaqikʔitił \xe 'I will not disturb you any more.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 93.108.2-109.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saqikʔit \cf saqikʔik \ce to bother; to disturb \sd variations \dt 23/Aug/2018 \lx saqiwəwə \ps v \ge make swim \de to make swim \ee Harrington notes that the form 'šušaqiwəwə' is better for conveying this meaning. \mr [] \cf aqiwəwə \ce to swim \xv 1. ksaqiwəwə \xe 'I throw an animal into the water and make him swim.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.497.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saqkutikumelus \ps v \ge half-way point \de half-way point \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumeʔeł \ce to move straight (to) \xv 1. kiksinowo sipon̓ loʔištək ksaqkutikumelus kikaqsik kiksuquntinaʔał kikušmaxyət kiktəmhə \xe 'and I erect a stake at the tip (of the keel) just in the medianilla and I tie (the string) to it and I bring (the cord) and I pull it and I snap it down (on the wood).' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf Tomol80 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saqkʔap \ps v \ge cause to be pinched \de to cause to be pinched \mr [] \cf aqkʔap \ce to pinch between two items (as with chopsticks, forefinger and middle finger, buttocks) \xv 1. ksaqkʔap \xe 'I grab it between pinchers' (like spring clothespin). \xv 2. no ʔan ksaqkʔap \xe 'I make it pinched between forefinger and second finger or between two sticks for tuna picking.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.497.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saqmił \ps v \ge make drink \ge give drink \de to make drink; to give drink \mr [] \cf aqmił \ce to drink \xv 1. husaqmilił \xe 'I am going to give you some water.' \xv 2. huksaqmilus simomoy \xe 'I'm going to give him toloache.' \xv 3. kikasʰaqmilus lokaštałhəw \xe 'and she gave a drink of it to her baby.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.498.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saqslakay \ps v \ge put in between \de to put in between \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan huksaqslakay \xe 'I put fence posts between the old fenceposts so that the fence will have more posts.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.499.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx saqsumu \a saqsumù \ps v \ge learn \ge cause to sample \de to learn; to cause to sample \mr [] \cf aqsumu \ce to test smth; to try smth; to taste smth; to prove \xv 1. ksaqsumu \xe 'I am showing something (to somebody).' \xv 2. no ʔan saqsumu \xe 'I learned how.' \xv 3. no ʔan ksaqsumu sikoqtowolitš \xe 'I began to learn to place the flute.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.499.2, 4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saqtikat \ps v \ge obstruct \de to obstruct \mr [] \xv 1. huki ʔałtsaqtikatił ? \xe 'what was it that prevented you?' \xv 2. siyasyasis kałʔisaqtikatit \xe 'the ivy obstructed me.' \xv 3. loʔišə kałtsaqtikatit \xe 'it was a bank of dirt (?or cliff) that obstructed me.' \sd verbs \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.96.4-97.4; 93.113.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saqutałtə \hm 1 \ps v \ge block \ge stop from moving \de to block; to stop from moving \mr [] \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \cf aqutałtə \ce to be glottalized (as is said of certain features of Ventureño) \xv 1. huksaqutałtə hesikalesa \xe 'I am going to put a stone under the wheel of this buggy so it will not roll downhill.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.501.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saqutałtə \hm 2 \cf tsʔaqutałtə \ce neck of a flint blade; fly trap \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saquteqenpi \ps v \ge deal with smth \de to deal with smth \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf teqe \ce to be further from oneself \xv 1. kisisaquteqenpì hałʔalalinetʰpi hesʔałqisəniyuw \xe 'they dealt with it the same as that [the sun] which was/is seen.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Sun17 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saqutinaʔał \ps v \ge relate; report \de to relate; to report \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. kisaqutinaʔał \xe 'we were talking concerning some point, like a conversation, each telling the other what the other does not know.' \xv 2. no ʔan huksaqutinaʔał \xe 'I am going to tell them about what I know and the other does not know.' \sd language \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.501.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saquwałmaypi \ps v \ge shade smn \de to shade smn \gn hace sombra en la cara de alguno \dn hace sombra en la cara de alguno \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. ksaquwałmaypi ʔištək \xe 'I shade his face.' \xn 'le hago sombra en la cara.' \sd verbs \sd senses \rf 82.37.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx saqwuhu \ps v \ge give a war cry by slapping hand repeatedly over the mouth \de to give a war cry by slapping hand repeatedly over the mouth \mr [] \xv 1. ksaqwuhu \xe 'I give the war cry, slapping hand repeatedly over mouth.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd warfare \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.501.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saqʰałhaha \a saqałhaha \va (saqałhaha) \ps v \ge open apart (said of clam shells) \de to open apart (said of clam shells) \mr [] \cf apisaqałhaha \ce to open by means of hot water \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \cf sakałhaha \ce to open one's mouth (wide) \xv 1. tsʰaqʰałhaha \xe 'the clam has his shells apart open.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksaqałhaha \xe 'I open my shell thus' (said of the clam). \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.108.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx satiy \a ʰati \a sati \va (sati) \hm 1 \ps v \ge have one's own \ge have one’s part \de to have one’s own; to have one’s part \cf satiy2 \ce to make for \xv 1. no ʔan ksatiy ka pi ʔan psatiy \xe 'I have my part and you have yours' (our belongings are not together). \xv 2. no ʔan ksatiy sikʰkwałtu ka pi ʔan psati sipʰkwałtu \xe 'I have my room to sleep in and you have yours.' \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.522.4; Prayer15 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx satiy \hm 2 \ps vt \ge make for \de to make for \cf satiy1 \ce to have one’s own; to have one’s part \xv 1. tsisatiyus ʔisʔap \xe 'they made a new house for him.' \xv 2. huʔamsatiyus ʔisʔap \xe 'they are going to make a new house for him.' \xv 3. huʔamsatiyit sikʔap \xe 'they are going to make a new house for me.' \xv 4. kʰqisə lokaʔatʔaqatš kalamsatiyus ʔisʔap \xe 'I saw the man for whom they built a new house.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.522.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx satskaw \ps v \ge earn/get \de to earn/get \ee Possible relationship with ͽkaw̓ ‘left (direction); to be left (direction)’ \mr [] \cf atskaw \ce to meet with an accident; to meet with an incident (good or bad) \xv 1. kihukpošotš nełsalinetus loʔkakʔiwə kisəhəʔə̀n ʔisutʔaw ki no kʔuwe kʔalištaxan̓ kʔùwe muksatskʔaw \xe 'for I will know how my comrade who is a great hunter and I will myself take courage but/although I get nothing.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.1087.2/Roadrunner22-25 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx sawaya \ps v \ge have toasted and ground chia mixed in water \de to have toasted and ground chia mixed in water \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 90.523.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saxiʔik \ps v \ge ?cause to touch lightly \de ?to cause to touch lightly \mr [] \cf axiʔik \ce to touch lightly \sd verbs \sd senses \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.514.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saximasəx \ps v \ge three times, do/happen \ge do/happen three times \ge happen/do three times \de to do/happen three times \mr [] \cf aximasəx \ce to do/happen thrice \cf masəx \ce three \xv 1. ksaximasəx \xe 'I say the same thing three times.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.515.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saxinaʔał \ps v \ge make dance \ge dance, make \de to make dance \mr [] \cf axinaʔał \ce to dance \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. hukʰsaxinaʔał hekakʰtanhəw \xe 'I am going to make my doll dance.' \xv 2. hukaxinaʔał \xe 'I am going to dance.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.365.1; 93.126.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saxinowo \ps v \ge place vertically by ramming into the ground \de to place vertically by ramming into the ground \ee This is different from using a hammer and also from digging a hole and erecting a pole. \mr [] \cf axinowo \ce to move quickly while vertical \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \cf wisutapi \ce to drive a stake into \xv 1. no ʔan ksaxinowo lokapon̓ \xe 'I jab a wodden pole into the ground so that it will stand erect.' \sd position \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.515.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saxipakeʔet \ps v \ge do/happen once \ge once, do/happen \de to do/happen once \mr [] \cf axipakeʔet \ce to do once \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \xv 1. ksaxipakeʔet \xe 'one time.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.516.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saxitu \ps v \ge to do/happen twice \ge twice, do/happen \de to do/happen twice \mr [] \cf axitu \ce to do/happen again \xv 1. ksaxitu \xe 'I [say the same word] two times.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.516.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saxixe \ps v \ge wear down \de to wear down \mr [] \cf axixe \ce to be worn down; to be used \xv 1. no ʔan ksaxixe \xe 'I wore my shoe out.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.516.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saxkuy \ps vt \ge have/place confidence in \de to have/place confidence in \sy nuxaxanpi \xv 1. kʰsaxkuyus hesixʔanwa \xe 'I have confidence in this gilr.' \xv 2. kakay ʔan tsʰaxkuyit \xe 'and she also has confidence in me.' \xv 3. musisaxkuyus lokaʔeqweleš \xe 'they don't have confidence in the work.' \xv 4. muksaxkuyus \xe 'I do not have faith in him.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 90.517.1-518.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saxlala \ps v \ge hold in the mouth \de to hold in the mouth \mr [] \cf axlala \ce to be in the mouth of \xv 1. ksaxlala \xe 'I hold a thing in my mouth' (as a dog does a bone). \sd verbs \sd body \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.518.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saxməkə \ps v \ge make deep \ge deep, make \de to make deep \mr [] \cf axməkə \ce to be deep \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \xv 1. hukušpay hemišup ʔan huksaxməkə \xe 'I am going to make a deep whole in the ground.' \xv 2. tsaxməkə \xe 'it is deep.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.518.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saxsaxmasəx \ps v \ge do three at a time \ge three at a time, do \de to do three at a time \ee No non reduplicated form given. \mr [] \cf masəx \ce three \xv 1. huksaxsaxmasəx \xe 'I am going to do it three at a time.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.518.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saxsaxpakeʔet \ps v \ge one by one, do \de to do one by one \mr [<(su- (ϡcausϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + pakeʔet (one)).ϡredupϡ>] \ee No non reduplicated form given. \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \xv 1. huksaxsaxpakeʔet \xe 'I am going to do it one by one.' \xv 2. tsʰaxsaxpakeʔet \xe '[it is done] one by one.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.519.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saxsaxtu \ps v \ge do two at a time \ge two at a time, do \de to do two at a time \mr [] \ee No non reduplicated form given. \xv 1. huksaxsaxtu \xe 'I'm going to do it in twos.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.521.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx saxsəw \ps v \ge make dry \ge dry, make \de to make dry \mr [] \cf axsəw \ce to be dry \xv 1. huksaxsəw \xe 'I'm going to dry it.' \xv 2. kəpə ʔan kayuksaxsəw hekakʰinwaka \xe 'I am going to dry off my cow.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.519.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saxsił \ps v \ge cause to bite \ge catch \de to cause to bite; to catch \mr [] \cf ʔałʔałtšaxšiłtš \ce fisherman (professionally employed) \cf axsił \ce to bite \cf šaxšiʔiłtš \ce to fish (from anywhere) \cf šaxšilaʔaš \ce fishhook \xv 1. payikʔulaʔəhə hałtšisaxsił \xe 'one caught as many as he wanted to.' \xv 2. tskumu tškaʔaškom̓ salamsaqsiłwu \xe 'they catch forty.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd hunting \sd fishing \rf 90.520.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saxspaqʔaq \ps v \ge scatter smth \de to scatter smth \mr [] \cf axspaqʔaq \ce to be scattered \xv 1. no ʔan ksaxpaqʔaqwu \xe 'I throw them so they are scattered.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.401.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx saxtawasə \a saxtawasə̀ \ps v \ge speak the truth \de to speak the truth \mr [] \cf axtawašətš \ce to be the truth \xv 1. no ʔan ksaxtawasə \xe 'I speak the truth.' \xv 2. ʔapí saxtawasə̀ ! \xe 'so, speak the truth!' \sd verbs \sd common \sd philosophy \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.520.4-521.1; Travels107 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx saxtəməmənəʔəš \ps n \ge bullroarer \ge buzzer \de bullroarer; buzzer \gn zumbador \dn zumbador \mr [] \sy ʔalaxtəməmə \sy ʔaxtəməmənəʔəš \cf axtəməmə \ce to buzz \cf saxtəməmənətš \ce to make buzz \xv 1. hesikʰsaxtəməmənəʔəš \xe 'my bullroarer.' \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.521.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saxtəməmənətš \ps v \ge make buzz \ge buzz, make \de to make buzz \mr [] \cf axtəməmə \ce to buzz \cf saxtəməmənəʔəš \ce bullroarer; buzzer \xv 1. hukʰsaxtəməmənətš \xe 'I am going to swing a bullroarer.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.521.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saxukumu \ps v \ge do with moderation \ge moderation, do with \ge do with measure \ge measure, do with \de to do with moderation; to do with measure \mr [] \cf axukumu \ce to be round/full (said of the moon only) \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \xv 1. yəlaʔa ksaxukumu \xe 'all are made with measure.' \xv 2. tsaxukumu saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is full.' \xv 3. kaqmił siwinu ʔan ksaxukumu \xe 'I drink the wine with moderation.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd emotions \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.522.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saxwi \ps v \ge clothe \de to clothe \mr [] \cf axwi \ce to be covered \xv 1. psaxwinus lokałmusʔił tsʔaxwi \xe 'thou shalt clothe the naked.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.522.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sayaya \ps v \ge bloated, be \de to be bloated \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI possible cognate šaya ‘pimple,’ INZ sʰayayan ‘very ripe piñon nuts (fallen on their own)’ (Whistler 1980: 30; SYBCI 2007: 305) \cf təš \ce to be swollen \xv 1. tsʰayayanit \xe 'it is bloated' (said of belly, rice, dough, etc.). \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd body \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.148.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx saysayuqšnəʔəp \cf šayšayukšnəʔəp \ce to go walking.REDUP \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx se \va (šen-) \ps n \ge bone \de bone \et *Se \ec Compare BOI sʰe ‘bone,’ CRZ pa-se ‘bone,’ INZ se ‘bone,’ PUY se ‘bone,’ OBI še ‘bone’ (Beeler & Klar 1977: 77) \cf tšenwaš \ce bone.DEPR \xv 1. hesikse \xe 'my bone.' \xv 2. hesikiseseʔe \xe 'our bones.' \xv 3. loʔisʰeseʔe \xe 'his bones.' \xv 4. tsʰe ʔiʔałmamutš \xe 'a hollow bone.' \xv 5. išenwaš \xe 'throw-away bone.' \xv 6. kušiʔik sikse \xe 'my bone aches.' \xv 7. kušiʔik hesikseseʔe \xe 'my bones ache.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 90.523.3-4; 93.135.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx seʔqe \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \sd variations \dt 19/Jun/2018 \lx selele \ps v \ge whore oneself out to men (said only of women) \de to whore oneself out to men (said only of women) \mr [] \xv 1. tsʰelele \xe 'she goes among the men.' \xv 2. lokaxʔanwa kaʔałtselele \xe 'whore/slut.' \xv 3. no ʔan kselele \xe 'I go among the men.' \sd idioms \sd people \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.139.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx selex \ps v \ge put side by side \de to put side by side \mr [] \cf eleʔex \ce to be side by side; to stand side by side \xv 1. kselexwu \xe 'I put them side by side.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd position \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.531.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sełka \ps n \ge fence \de fence \mr [] \cf sełkaləš \ce to be encircled; to be enclosed \xv 1. tsxoyi lokasełka \xe 'he climbed over the fence.' \xv 2. hukisʰutiqip heʔiswał ʔisełka \xe 'we 2 are mending the fence.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 3.84.12.1; 3.90.531.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sełkaləš \ps n \ge encircled, be \ge enclosed, be \de to be encircled; to be enclosed \mr [] \cf sełka \ce fence \xv 1. neʔesełkaləš \xe 'it is circled.' \sd verbs \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.532.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx senał \ps v \ge sup \ge eat dinner \ge dinner, eat \de to sup; to eat dinner \mr [] \xv 1. kakisenał lokasʔap mineti \xe 'and we ate supper at Minetti’s.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.141.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx senhesitš \cf šenhešitš \ce to pant \sd variations \dt 29/Dec/2010 \lx seqe \a seʔqe \a ʰeʔqè \a seqen \va (seʔqe, seqen-) \ps v \ge remove \ge take off \de to remove; to take off \ee The verb ͽseqe is said of removing part of a solid thing. \et *qe \ec Compare BOI se-qeč ‘to take off,’ INZse-qen ‘to take off,’ OBI siqwa (from siqiwa) (Klar 1977: 112) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv seqe \pde to remove.NZ; to take off.NZ \cf aputiseqe \ce to be removed by water \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqseqenli \ce to direct smth to smwh \cf exseqe \ce to bite off \cf keseqe \ce to cut smth off; to cut out \cf mexseqe \ce to shove along \cf niseqe \ce to pinch off \cf seqenli \ce to remove smth/smn to \cf šeqetš \ce to take off one’s clothes \cf watiseqe \ce to pull out quickly \xv 1. hukseqe ʔisqap \xe 'I am going to pull a feather out.' \xv 2. kisamseqenus lokaspaq \xe 'and they skin it.' \xv 3. sukseqenus siksiya \xe 'I am going to take the saddle off [the horse].' \xv 4. hukseqe sikʔitškʔə \xe 'I am going to take my g-string off.' \xv 5. hukseqe hesikʰkamisa \xe 'I am going to take my shirt off.' \xv 6. kayukseqenus suskutet \xe 'I am now going to wean the baby.' \xv 7. hukʰseʔqe loʔkasʔisʔuw \xe 'I am going to remove the bait.' \xv 8. hukseqenus ʔisiqyapapa heʔišʔapš \xe 'I am going to remove the scum from the soup.' \xv 9. ʔulamusʔił hałʔasukał ʔan əwəsamaqmił site \xe 'if it were not for the sugar, nobody would drink tea.' \xv 10. hesiletši ʔan tsʰeqenus lokaštšʔənəʔəš kakapʰe \xe 'the milk kills the force of the coffee.' \xv 11. hukseqenus heʔisʰintsʔaqpilił lokakʔaq \xe 'I am going to unstring my bowstring.' \xv 12. kiseqeniyuw lokakiyaqmay, kašnehet kikə kiseqenuswu lokaʔiʔalaqmayiyuw \xe 'forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.524.4-528.4; Daughter14 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx seqenli \ps v \ge remove smth/smn to \de to remove smth/smn to \mr [] \sy eqseqenli \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqen \ce to be removed \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \xv 1. kseqenlinwu \xe 'I remove [the sheep], driving them to another place.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 90.529.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx seqetš \cf šeqetš \ce to take off one’s clothes \sd variations \dt 27/Aug/2011 \lx seqpey \ps v \ge contaminate smn \ge pass on disease to smn \de to contaminate smn; to pass on disease to smn \ee It may have been possible to use this of hereditary diseases as well. \mr [] \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \xv 1. kseqpeyił \xe 'I gave you my sickness.' \xv 2. kʰoko kasʰeqpeyit \xe 'my father gave me' (my sores by contagion). \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.139.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx seqʔpʔe \ps n \ge Seqʔpʔe \de Seqʔpʔe \ee The name of a canyon near Ventura where one of Harrington's consultants, Candelaria Valenzuela, was born. \sd places \lg JPH \rf 69.589.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx serko \ps n \ge fence \de fence \mr [] \xv 1. lomotʔo heʔiserko \xe 'on the other side of this fence.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.532.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sesanta \ps num \ge sixty \de sixty \mr [] \xv 1. ʔiti ʔan mušpelonušaš kəwə mitʔi šipułhewu; kilatšə ʔišupšuʔup kišnaʔał muntana, məʔək lošaʔałtəhətš muntana; kanawa skitwo ʔiti ʔan laswatwatipelonušaš kilakałkumli (Ϟor kinelaskumli) montana, kanawa husimokʔotʔiy ʔan sesanta pesus ʔipiʔiw \xe 'here he does not shear because there are few sheep; he is always going to Montana, it is far that place called Montana; when he starts out here he shears his way there little by little and reaches Montana and when he returns it costs him $60.00.' \sd numbers \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH \rf 90.361.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sewala \ps n \ge barley \de barley \mr [] \xv 1. tswelewala ʔisewala \xe 'the barley sways.' \xv 2. tsʰuwelewele saʔaqtəwəw \xe 'the wind sways the barley.' \sd food \sd agriculture \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.533.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sewoya \ps n \ge onion \de onion \mr [] \xv 1. huksutipəy ʔisewoya hesaʔalos \xe 'I am going to add onions to the rise and mix them together.' \sd food \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.533.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sewu \ps n \ge grease \ge tallow \de grease; tallow \mr [] \xv 1. hesikawkawiyaʔa ʔan tsiyimey heʔisiyəwyəwəʔəš ʔisewu \xe 'they Kawiya stroke their heads with grease.' \xv 2. kaliyuqtiyəʔəʔəw lokasewu, kilokaʔałhaputš musiyuqtiyəw. husiyeqweł sixawon husisunuwus ʔisewu \xe 'they needed the tallow but did not miss the meat much, they made soap of the tallow.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd food \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.533.4-534.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sex \sc Ceanothus megacarpus \ps n \ge bigpod ceanothus \ge ceanothus, bigpod \de bigpod ceanothus \ee This plants species has white flowers. See also Timbrook 2007 (54 55). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.94.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx sə- \hm 1 \cf su-1 \ce causative verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sə- \hm 2 \cf si-4 \ce indefinite prefix \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx səʔəməhə \ps v \ge hush \ge make quiet \ge quiet, make \de to hush; to make quiet \mr [] \cf ʔəmə \ce to be mute \cf ʔəməhə \ce to be quiet \xv 1. huksəʔəməhə \xe 'I am going to hush [the child when crying].' \sd verbs \sd language \rf 90.534.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx səʔəp \ps v \ge carry on the back \ge carry in a carrying net on the back \de to carry on the back; to carry in a carrying net on the back \ee Notice restrictions below. This verb seems to have been used generally only of carrying things on the back. \et *sVpV \ec Compare BOI sɨp ‘to carry on back,’ INZ sɨpʼ ‘to carry on back,’ OBI sɨpɨ ‘to carry on back’ (Klar 1977: 74-75) \cf ikpaw \ce to carry on one’s head \cf səpmu \ce cargo; load; burden \cf susəʔəp \ce to make carry on the back \xv 1. huksəʔəp \xe 'I am going to load this on my back.' \xv 2. huksəʔəp sitimew \xe 'I carry a rabbit in my carrying net.' \xv 3. huksəʔəp hesiqunup \xe 'I am going to carry the baby cradle on my back' (it is not necessary to mention the cradle). \xv 4. huksəʔəp huksunuwus hesikitsqutinhət \xe 'I am going to carry it on my back using a forehead strap.' \xv 5. hukikpaw \xe 'I carry on my head.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd motion \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.334.3-335.2; 94.393.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx səhəʔəʔən \ps v \ge take many/much \de to take many/much \mr [] \cf əhəʔən \ce to be too much \xv 1. psəhəʔəʔən hałpʰin ! \xe 'take much!' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.535.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx səkənəʔət \rd səkənkənəʔət \ps v \ge cause to wrap around \de to cause to wrap around \mr [] \cf kənəʔət \ce to go around; to put around \xv 1. ksəkənəʔət \xe 'I pass a handkerchief around my leg, I put anything around anything thus.' \xv 2. lokawaka ʔan tštaxtaxšətš kinelaksəkənkənəʔət lokamiyaš hesipoʔn \xe 'the cow was strong and I wrapped rope about a post.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.538.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx səkənkənəʔət \ps v \ge cause to wrap around.REDUP \de to cause to wrap around.REDUP \cf səkənəʔət \ce to cause to wrap around \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx səkəyəmi \ps v \ge straighten \ge put in a row \de to straighten; to put in a row \mr [] \cf kəyəmi \ce to be straight \xv 1. huksəkəyəmi \xe 'I make it straight.' \xv 2. tskəyəmi \xe 'it is straight' (a line or something). \xv 3. ksəkəyəminwu \xe 'I straightened them.' \xv 4. ksəkəyəminwu hesixəpxəʔəp \xe 'I put these stones in a row.' \xv 5. hukwaksikus ʔan huksəkəyəmi \xe 'I mark a line' (awkward, but only way speaker knew how to say this). \sd verbs \sd archery \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.710.4; 90.536.3-537.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sələnəʔəp \ps v \ge do much of something \de to do much of something \mr [] \cf ʔałtsələnəʔəp \ce to like to chase after women \xv 1. no ʔan ksələnəʔəp \xe 'I am very much doing something' (I am fond of fucking, walking, or anything). \sd verbs \sd body \sd cognition \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.539.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sələyət \rd šəłtšələyət \a ʰələyət \mr [] \cf ləyət \ce to sprout \cf šələyətəš \ce smth sown; smth planted \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \se I \ps n \ge plants \ge garden \de plants; garden \xv 1. tsʔił tsixʔanwa saʔałwipetš lokasʰələyət \xe 'there was a woman working in her garden.' \se II \ps v \ge sow \ge plant \de to sow; to plant \sy ʔalał \xv 1. no ʔan ksələyət \xe 'I sow.' \xv 2. no kaksələyət \xe 'I sowed/planted it.' \xv 3. kšəłtšələyətš \xe 'I am sowing.' \sd agriculture \sd plants \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.538.3-539.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sələyətəš \cf šələyətəš \ce smth sown; smth planted \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx səmətpi \ps v \ge put with the back against \de to put with the back against \mr [] \cf mət \ce back \cf mətpi \ce to turn one's back towards \xv 1. ksəmətpi lokapared \xe 'I put him with his back to a wall.' \xv 2. ksəmətpinwu lokaʔap \xe 'I put the soldiers with their backs to the house.' \sd verbs \sd position \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.539.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sənəpi \ps v \ge resume \de to resume \mr [] \xv 1. huksənəpi \xe 'I am going to return to take up work again.' \xv 2. no ʔan huksənəpi \xe 'I am doing a certain job of work and discontinue doing it for a while and then take it up again' (The above verb means I am going to take it up or resume it again). \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.539.4-540.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx səp \a ʰəp \a šəp \va (šəp) \ps vt \ge teach \de to teach \ee This verb may always require a either a pronomial object suffix or an applicative. \cf ʔałʔałtšəpəšiwaš \ce one who was previously wise \cf ʔałʔałtšəpš \ce wise one; learned one \cf ʔałšəpəšiwaš \ce Coyote; old teacher \cf ʔałtšəpəš \ce teacher \cf šəpəš \ce student; one taught \cf tisəpəsus \ce to tell stories (fables, myths) \cf tišəpəʔəš \ce narrator of myths \cf tišəpəšəš \ce legend; myth \xv 1. ksəpus \xe 'I taught him.' \xv 2. tsʰəpit \xe 'he is going to teach me.' \xv 3. šəpit \xe 'teach me!' \xv 4. ʔałtšəpəš \xe 'teacher; one who teaches.' \xv 5. šəpəš \xe 'the taught; student.' \xv 6. huksəpus hesiqunup \xe 'I am going to teach this boy.' \xv 7. ksəpus susʔaleł \xe 'I taught him to read.' \xv 8. tsʰəpsəpuswu siqunqunap susiyʔaleł \xe 'the woman is teaching the children to read.' \xv 9. no kakałtsəpuswu \xe 'I am teaching them.' \xv 10. hupsəpus lokałmušʰutšoho \xe 'thou shalt teach the ignorant.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.262.1; 90.541.3-542.3, 748.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx səpət \ps v \ge pound up \de to pound up \sy iwex \xv 1. ksəpət \xe 'I pound it up.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 90.540.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx səpmu \ps v \ge cargo \ge load \ge burden \de cargo; load; burden \gn carga \dn carga \ee Used for loads placed on the back of smth/smn. \mr [] \cf səʔəp \ce to carry on the back; to carry in a carrying net on the back \xv 1. lokasəpmu \xe 'the burden/load.' \xv 2. tšwalaməš ʔisʰəpmu \xe 'it has a heavy load.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔałkilamu, kəwə šwalaməš hesiksəpmu, mukpošʰotš nisʰuyuwahanit \xe 'I am crazy, for my burden is heavy and I don’t know if he loves me.' \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.535.1, 541.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sətəł \ps v \ge nominate \ge call by name \de to nominate; to call by name \mr [] \cf šətələš \ce election \cf tə \ce I. name II. to be called; to be called by name; to name \xv 1. ksətəł \xe 'I call your name.' \xv 2. ksətəlił \xe 'I call you out' (name you before a crowd or otherwise). \xv 3. ksətəł yəlaʔa heʔiyup \xe 'I mention lots of placenames in songs.' \xv 4. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tšʰətələš \xe 'this man I nominated for public office.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.542.4-543.4; 94.66 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sətəxə \a ʰətəxə \ps v \ge miss (a mark, aim, etc.) \de to miss (a mark, aim, etc.) \xv 1. ksətəxə \xe 'I missed the mark.' \xv 2. tsʰətəxə \xe 'he missed the mark when shooting.' \xv 3. eqweł wašətš lokaʔałtsətəxə \xe 'thou shalt put straight the erring.' \xv 4. hukušqetʔenwaʔaš ʔištep ʔan ksətəxə hesikʔułya, tsapałhay \xe 'I went to put my finger on the flea but I missed my aim, and he jumped away.' \sd verbs \sd hunting \sd archery \lg JPH \rf 90.544.1-545.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sətsʔətsʔə \ps v \ge sharpen \de to sharpen \mr [] \cf tsʔətsʔə \ce to be sharp \xv 1. huksətsʔətsʔə \xe 'I am going to sharpen [the knife].' \xv 2. hesikʔátša ʔan tstsʔətsʔə \xe 'my axe is sharp.' \sd verbs \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.545.2; 91.283.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx səwəyə \ps v \ge cause smn’s head to turn \de to cause smn’s head to turn \ee Archaic form at the time of recording; speaker preferred ͽsukuya. \cf sukuya \ce to turn smn's head around \xv 1. ksəwəyə \xe 'I take hold of your head and turn it around.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 90.545.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -səx- \ps vroot \ge having to do with tightness \ge tightness, having to do with \de having to do with tightness \cf qałtsəx \ce to tighten; to tie tight \cf qałtšəxš \ce to be close-woven \cf qałtšəxšaši \ce to tighten on oneself \cf tałtsəx \ce to grasp/hold firmly \cf ulusəx \ce to wedge into \cf wałtsəx \ce to tighten (string of violin) \cf wisəx \ce to pound in tight \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx səyəyə \ps v \ge rock \ge shake \de to rock; to shake \mr [] \sy ipok \cf suwelewele \ce to wave smth; to shake smth; to wag smth; to sway smth \xv 1. ksəyəyə \xe 'I am rocking [a baby in cradle or swing or anything].' \xv 2. ksəyəyə \xe 'I am shaking [a fruit tree].' \xv 3. huksəyəyə \xe 'I am going to rock [the baby in a cradle].' \sd verbs \sd common \sd children \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.535.4-536.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx si= \hm 1 \ps procl \ge NZ.EVENT \de event nominalizer \ee Glossed as NZ.EVENT. \cf si-2 \ce partitive prefix \cf si-3 \ce inalienable prefix \cf si-4 \ce indefinite prefix \xv 1. loʔkaʔołołkʔoy ʔan tsʰwotołkʔoy heʔišup husqisə hukiłtsaqutikatʰ, laʔkʰan simusʔił tsaqutikatʰ ʔan tskumì lokašnunawùtš \xe 'the porpoise goes around the world to see what will hinder it, and when there is no obstacle or nothing the matter it comes back to where it started from.' \xv 2. lokaštəkšəʔəš kaqʰaq ʔan tšaqništaqapqap šixšo sineʔesiyapiyamutš \xe 'the color of the antelope resembles that of fallen sycamore leaves.' \sd articles \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx si- \a š-2 \a ša-1 \a ši-2 \va (š-, ša, ši-) \hm 2 \ps npre \ge PART \de partitive prefix \ee Indicates that the following noun is conceived of as being part of a whole/group. Glossed as PART. \cf ka-4 \ce non-partitive prefix \cf si=1 \ce event nominalizer \cf si-3 \ce inalienable prefix \cf si-4 \ce indefinite prefix \sd demonstratives \sd articles \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx si- \a ši-1 \va (ši-1) \hm 3 \ps npre \ge INALN \de inalienable prefix \ee Used only with body parts. Glossed as INALN. \cf ka-5 \ce alienable prefix \cf si=1 \ce event nominalizer \cf si-2 \ce partitive prefix \cf si-4 \ce indefinite prefix \sd articles \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 08/Sep/2018 \lx si- \a ʔi- \a sa- \a sə- \a so- \a su- \a ša- \a ši- \va (ʔi-, sa-, sə-, so-, su-, ša-, ši-) \hm 4 \ps npre \ge INDEF \de indefinite prefix \ee Glossed INDEF. \cf ka-3 \ce definite prefix \cf si=1 \ce event nominalizer \cf si-2 \ce partitive prefix \cf si-3 \ce inalienable prefix \xv 1. ktipay suʔuštšʔəmənəš šaʔałtšum \xe 'I dug up a hidden treasure.' \xv 2. hesaʔanatʔamam ʔan ʔałtsuyuʔuw siʔuwas kaʔisandiya, kašaʔałhaputš, layəlaʔa tsʔuw \xe 'the racoon likes to eat grapes, watermelon, meat, everything.' \xv 3. hukušwekeʔey heʔištuwaš lošuʔušʔušwekeyeš \xe 'I am going to dump these empty clam shells in the rubbish pile or kitchen midden.' \xv 4. tšiyaxitš seʔemetšeš \xe 'the soldiers are fighting.' \xv 5. hesiməy (Ϟor lokaməy) šałmušiyaq ʔan tsinaʔał kałʔiyaqutišəʔəʔətš ʔisihin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolves who did not perish went to other lands -- they are smarter than the coyotes.' \xv 6. no ʔan ksoxnonus ʔisxono səʔəqəy \xe 'I suspect him of having stolen a chicken.' \sd articles \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx si- \hm 5 \ps prcl \ge if \de if \xv 1. ʔasku lulu šałtə sinela hušaqša ? \xe 'who is going to receive him in case he dies ?' \xv 2. (si)nelahušaqtšum san digeo, ʔan hušišpiwetš heʔisʔap \xe 'if she likes San Diego, she will sell her house here.' \xv 3. kʰan simusʔił lukʔalustʔey \xe 'if I’m not busy/occupied.' \sd particles \sd borrowings \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -siʔił- \cf -sil- \ce related to biting \sd variations \dt 19/Jun/2018 \lx sihi \ps n \ge amaranth \ge pigweed \de amaranth; pigweed \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (28). \sd plants \sd nature \sd food \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.69.3 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx sikalu \ps n \ge cigarette \de cigarette \mr [] \xv 1. ktuʔun hesiksikalu \xe 'I stick my cigarette behind my ear.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.546.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sikpaw \ps v \ge cause to be carried on smn’s head \ge carried on smn’s head, cause to be \ge head, cause to be carried on smn’s \de to cause to be carried on smn’s head \mr [] \cf ikpaw \ce to carry on one’s head \xv 1. ksikpaw \xe 'I caused it to be put on her head [to carry]. \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.547.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -sil- \a -siʔił- \va (-siʔił-) \ps vroot \ge related to biting \ge biting, related to \de related to biting \cf ʔałʔałtšaxšiłtš \ce fisherman (professionally employed) \cf ʔaxsił \ce bite \cf ʔaxšilaʔaš \ce fangs \cf axsił \ce to bite \cf saxsił \ce to cause to bite; to catch \cf šaxšilaʔaš \ce fishhook \cf šaxšiʔiłtš \ce to fish (from anywhere) \sd body \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 19/Apr/2012 \lx silikʔe \a ʰilikʔe \a silikʔen \va (silikʔen-) \ps v \ge set \ge seat \de to set; to seat \mr [] \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \xv 1. tsisilikʔenwu \xe 'they set them.' \xv 2. tsisiłtsilikʔenit \xe 'they kept seating me in different seats [all over the theater or anywhere].' \xv 3. tsisiłtsilikʔenpi \xe 'they set them at different places.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.551.4-552.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx silinahuwit \ps name \ge Silinahuwit \de Silinahuwit \ee This is a personal name. \xv 1. neʔekʰumli lokasʔap silinahuwit \xe 'I had arrived at the house of Silinahuwit.' \sd names \lg TJPH \rf 90.39.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx siliyək \ps n \ge enclosure \ge midst \de enclosure; midst \mr [] \cf liyək \ce middle \xv 1. mupšuyawelexš loʔisiliyək lokaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš \xe 'do not pass into the midst of them.' \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.551.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx siliyəwyəw \a ʰiliyəwyəw \ps v \ge sad, be \de to be sad \mr [] \cf ?yəw2 \ce to be good luck to \xv 1. tsʰiliyəwyəw hešikpoš \xe 'my heart is sad.' \xv 2. heʔišipošpoʔoš sikukuʔu ʔan tsisiliyəwyəw \xe 'the people’s hearts are sad.' \xv 3. laswaywayinaʔał ʔišayuqšnəʔəp, xaʔax ʔisʰiliyəwyəw \xe 'she went slowly, sad at heart.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.551.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx simałtəł \ps v \ge lasso \de to lasso \mr [] \cf imałtəł \ce to become ensnared \cf šimałtələʔəš \ce snare; lasso \cf šimałtətš \ce to be a lassoer; to be a cowboy \xv 1. ksimałtəł \xe 'I throw a lasso out.' \xv 2. tsiyimałtəłtšəši \xe 'they lassoed themselves in traps.' \xv 3. huksimałtəł sikawaya \xe 'I'm going to lasso a horse.' \xv 4. huksimałtəł siwaka \xe 'I'm going to lasso the cow.' \xv 5. tšʰutšoho ʔisʰmałtəłtš \xe 'he knows how to lasso.' \xv 6. no ʔan kšutšoho šikšimałtəłtš \xe 'I know how to lasso.' \sd animals \sd husbandry \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.553.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx simaqtu \ps v \ge double into two parts \de to double into two parts \mr [] \cf maqtu \ce to be halved \xv 1. ksimaqtu \xe 'I double the string to be in two.' \xv 2. ksuxułtəhəʔən siksimaqtu \xe 'I double the string in the middle many times.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.552.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx simokʔoʔoy \ps v \ge make wheel around \ge wheel around, make \de to make wheel around \mr [] \cf imokʔoʔoy \ce to wheel around \xv 1. ksimokʔoʔoy \xe 'I make a horse wheel around.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksimokʔoʔoy \xe 'I make the horse go around in a circle.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.554.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx simoxkowowo \ps v \ge place to one side \de to place to one side \mr [] \cf kowowo \ce to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \xv 1. ksimoxkowowo \xe 'I put my hat on one side.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.554.4-555.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx simoxnowo \ps v \ge erect \de to erect \mr [] \cf moxnowo \ce to stand upright in a bunch \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. ksimoxnowonwu \xe 'I erect it.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.555.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sinaxałhəw \ps v \ge put up across \de to put up across \mr [] \xv 1. ksinaxałhəw \xe 'I put something up on top of window frame.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.566.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sinaxkuhun \ps v \ge make others die from dreams of (the) dead \de to make others die from dreams of (the) dead \mr [] \cf ʔałtsinaxkuhu \ce ghost \cf ʔałtšinaxkuhutš \ce one who makes others die by dreams of the dead \xv 1. ʔałsinaxkuhunus ʔišaqšanutš \xe 'the sloth of a dead person' (old idiom, said of a girl). \sd verbs \sd religion \sd manner \sd idioms \lg TJPH \rf 89.263.2; 90.567.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sinay \a ʰinay \rd sinsinay \ps v \ge put (smth smwh) \de to put (smth smwh) \cf sinaymu \ce place; hold \cf šinayəʔəš \ce trap; pole snare; deathfall trap \xv 1. kahuksinay hesinə \xe 'I am going to put it (the olla) on the fire.' \xv 2. huksinayus ʔisʰa \xe 'I am going to put a flint point on my arrow.' \xv 3. tsʰinay ʔištum losoʔo \xe 'she lays her eggs in the water.' \xv 4. tšʰinay ʔištum sałkaneʔeʔe hesoʔo \xe 'it lays its eggs near the water.' \xv 5. wašətš ʔisamsinay ʔišʰapš \xe 'it is good for making soup.' \xv 6. huksinay saʔaqitsuum \xe 'I will put a sign.' \xv 7. huksinay sikʔałtšam \xe 'I am going to put my money on the table' (as for gambling). \xv 8. huksinay hesiksupey hesikyəwəš \xe 'I am going to put a supey on my head.' \xv 9. huksinay hesoʔoya hesinə \xe 'I am going to put the olla on the fire.' \xv 10. nełpsinsinay \xe 'where did you put it?' \xv 11. hupsinayus ʔisʔisuʔuw lokapʰintsʰa \xe 'you are going to bait your hook.' \xv 12. tsisinay səʔəqəy hesikuhkuʔu \xe 'people keep chickens.' \xv 13. nełpsinay lokakʔaqmilaʔaš ? \xe 'where did you put my drinking cup?' \xv 14. neʔešuliʔiš lokakšinayəʔəš \xe 'my trap has caught him.' \xv 15. laʔiti huksinay sikni \xe 'I am going to put my hat on the back of my head.' \xv 16. kipisinaʔay lokaʔałpanayəwə kaʔap ! \xe 'put ye it in the last house in the outskirts of the village!' \xv 17. huksinayus ʔisʔaqitsuʔum lokaʔatʔaxatš, kihusqisə hešaʔaliyaš \xe 'I am going to put a sign so that the man wil know the road.' \xv 18. huksinayuswu siwałnisyon hesikʰkawayu \xe 'I am going to harness my horses.' \xv 19. huksinay ʔiti ʔišliyək, hukʰsuwesmes \xe 'I am going to put one stick crosswise across the center of another stick in shape of a cross.' \xv 20. huksinay ʔiti kuhukełtse kuhukušiqom \xe 'I am going to put it here, wrap it up and keep it.' \xv 21. huksinay ʔišʔapš kihuksinayus (Ϟor hukšapuštipey) ʔisanorya, karepollo, kasinawu \xe 'I am going to put a soup on and add or mix in carrots, cabbage, and turnips.' \xv 22. ksinay hesiktinta, kʔuwe mukuštəł, kšukustimay \xe 'I put my ink (somewhere), but do not find it, I mislaid it.' \xv 23. kʰan tsipsinay lokapʔałtšum losiwanku ʔan tsʔił ʔisixip lokapʔałtšum \xe 'if you put your money in the bank it brings interest.' \xv 24. huksinayus sipita hesikyawyawiʔi, kinelahusiyapiyam kaypi huksinayus hesipita \xe 'I am going to put string on my keys in case they fall.' \xv 25. təqitš kaswalikitwoʔoʔo losaʔalamisyon, kikasʰinay ʔislantšu kaspat kaslow̓ kikasiliklikʔe \xe 'he left the mission one of the first and started a ranch.' \xv 26. tsisuwayopuswu lokapałpaliʔi neʔesisuyakitwo kuhusisinay ʔisilanlantšuʔu, kuhusisinay šaʔałhaputš kasikawayu \xe 'they begged permission from the priests that they wanted to leave and establish farms and have cattle and horses.' \xv 27. kikasisinaywu šaʔałʔaliyaʔaš kaʔišupšuʔup, tšamuštipey šaʔatəwənəš lokaʔałhaputš kikasamsusəʔəp sikawayu \xe 'they put poisoned tallow balls along the trails on the hills, they poinsoned meat and carry it on a horse.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.555.4-566.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sinayəʔəš \cf šinayəʔəš \ce trap; pole snare; deathfall trap \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sinaymu \a ʰinaymu \ps n \ge place \ge hold \de place; hold \mr [] \cf sinay \ce to put (smth smwh) \xv 1. lokasʰinaymu kašʰinʔixpanəš lokaštete \xe 'the hold of the mother’s acorns.' \sd household \sd food \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.566.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sinowo \ps v \ge erect \ge stop (a moving vehicle) \de to erect; to stop (a moving vehicle) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałsinowo \pde to erect.NZ; to stop (a moving vehicle).NZ \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \cf sinowonmu \ce stable; place to stand \xv 1. ksinowo \xe 'I stand knife on end.' \xv 2. lapʔałsinowo \xe 'you just erect it.' \xv 3. psinsinowo \xe 'you erect it and hold it erect.' \xv 4. kuliʔiš kiksinowo \xe 'I take it and stand it on end.' \xv 5. tanimišup kaksinowo \xe 'I am going to erect it much higher.' \xv 6. tsʰinowonit hešikpoš \xe 'my heart tells me to get up.' \xv 7. huksinowo hemišup lokakpa \xe 'I am going to erect my stick in the ground.' \xv 8. tsisinowonwu heʔisitełteleʔeq \xe 'they (the cattle) run away with their tails in the air.' \xv 9. huksinowo hesaʔas kimuhupqisənit \xe 'I am going to put up this mat so you won’t look at me.' \xv 10. ksuyasinowo heʔištum ʔan latšə ʔiswoloyi \xe 'I wanted to set this egg on end.' \xv 11. sinowo hesipkawayu, ksuyayami \xe 'stop the buggy, I am going to get out.' \xv 12. muštapi hemišup, lakʔałsinowo kikakušʰo kiswoloyi \xe 'it is not fixed in the earth, it is only standing. I let go and it falls over.' \xv 13. muštapi hemišup lakʔałsinowo kikakušʰo kiswoloyi \xe 'it is not fixed in the earth, it is only standing. I let go and it falls over.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.568.3-571.3 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx sinowonmu \ps n \ge stable \ge place to stand \de stable; place to stand \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \cf sinowo \ce to erect; to stop (a moving vehicle) \xv 1. lokasinowonmu kakawayu \xe 'where the horses go.' \sd animals \sd places \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.571.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sinsinay \ps v \ge put (smth smwh).REDUP \de to put (smth smwh).REDUP \cf sinay \ce to put (smth smwh) \sd reduplications \dt 19/Jun/2018 \lx sipyototo \ps v \ge make boil \ge boil, make \ge cook by boiling \de to make boil; to cook by boiling \mr [] \cf ipyototo \ce to boil \xv 1. huksipyototo hesoʔo \xe 'I am going to make this water boil.' \xv 2. huksipyototo hesipapas ʔan məʔək \xe 'I am going to boil these potatoes a long time.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd food \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.572.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sipʰoʔo \ps v \ge make a mound \ge mound, make a \de to make a mound \mr [] \cf ipʰoʔo \ce to be in a mound \xv 1. no ʔan ksipʰoʔo \xe 'I make a mound' (squirrel says). \xv 2. lokapistuk ʔan tsʰipʰoʔo \xe 'the squirrel made a mound.' \xv 3. ʔəhə ʔisipʰoʔo ʔiti pistuk ʔišiyeqweł \xe 'there are lots of little mounds here.' \sd verbs \sd geography \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.572.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx siqili- \a siqił- \a šiqil- \va (siqił-, šiqil-) \ps vpre \ge having to do with sight \ge sight, having to do with \ge INSTR.sight \de having to do with sight \ee Evidently related to ͽqili- but the meaning of the prefix ͽsi- is unclear. It is possible that ͽsi- is the causative ͽsu- and transitivizer ͽi-2-. Glossed as INSTR.sight. \mr [] \cf siqiliʔik \ce to look with attention after \cf siqiłkitwo \ce to look out from inside \cf siqiłkmen \ce to blink; to wink \cf siqiłtitap \ce to watch leave \cf šiqiliknaš \ce to spy \cf šiqiliknašmu \ce spy nest \cf šiqiłwešxeʔe \ce to peep through; to look through \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx siqiliʔik \a ʰiqiliʔìkʰ \ps v \ge look with attention after \de to look with attention after \mr [] \xv 1. pakeʔet sałtsiqiliʔik \xe 'there was one who looked with attention where a person looked at was going to, what direction that person might be taking.' \xv 2. kasyət loʔkawotʔ ʔałkaw̓atš, kikatsʰiqiliʔìkʰ (Ϟor kikatsqisqisə), hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan ʔałkilamu tsʔip ʔałkaw̓àtš \xe 'and the chief, a wise one, came, and he looked at him profoundly, and the wise one [the chief] said that the man was crazy.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.547.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx siqiliknaš \cf šiqiliknaš \ce to spy \sd variations \dt 29/Dec/2010 \lx siqiliknašmu \cf šiqiliknašmu \ce spy nest \sd variations \dt 29/Dec/2010 \lx siqiłkitwo \ps v \ge look out from inside \de to look out from inside \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \cf siqiłkitwo \ce to look out from inside \xv 1. ksiqiłkitwo \xe 'I look out, I stay inside and look out only, only my sight goes out.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd path \sd locations \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.547.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx siqiłkmen \ps v \ge blink \ge wink \de to blink; to wink \mr [] \cf xiłkmen \ce eyelid \cf ?xmen \ce to fall apart; to fall over \xv 1. no ʔan ksiqiłkmen \xe 'I wink.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg TJPH \rf 70.267.1 \dt 01/Sep/2018 \lx siqiłnuna \a siqiłnunà \a ʰiqiłnunà \a ʰiqiłnunà \ps v \ge begin to look \de to begin to look \mr [] \cf nuna \ce to come from \xv 1. kiʔalaxuwəł ʔan kašqitəwə̀tš yəlaʔa tsxiliwasə hesʰiqiłnunà ʔištək loʔkasʰow \xe 'and the coyote was watching, seeing from afar all, beginning to make his look from the top of the hill.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Roadrunner69/69.1090.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx siqiłtitap \ps v \ge watch leave \de to watch leave \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf xilałtə \ce to predict; to see at a distance (as smth approaches one) \xv 1. ksiqiłtitap \xe 'I see a man or thing moving in a direction away from me' ; 'I follow it with my sight' [for see, the sight is very quick and overtakes a man going from me]. \xv 2. ksiqiłtitapił \xe 'I saw you going.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd senses \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.548.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx siqiłwešxeʔe \cf šiqiłwešxeʔe \ce to peep through; to look through \sd variations \dt 01/Mar/2011 \lx siqiłxe \a siqiłxè \ps v \ge see (through) \de to see (through) \mr [] \xv 1. kiʔalaxuwəł ʔan tsilikʔenpi lokasʰow ki siqiłxe \xe 'Coyote sits on the hill and sees all.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd path \lg TJPH \rf Roadrunner71/69.1090.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx siqʔom \ps v \ge fold so as to bend back on itself \de to fold so as to bend back on itself \mr [] \an sumeheʔe \cf ʔałxałtsiqom \ce scorpion \cf ʔiqʔom \ce to be doubled up; to be folded \cf qʔom \ce to be doubled up \cf xałtsiqʔom \ce to double smth back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔoməš \ce smth bent back on itself \xv 1. ksiqʔom \xe 'I double or bend [my finger]' ; 'I bend [my arm].' \xv 2. musʰiqʔom \xe 'I cannot fold it.' \xv 3. tsʰiqʔom ʔišteleq \xe 'he doubles his tail back on itself.' \xv 4. ksiqʔom hešikšipuk \xe 'I bend my elbow.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd body \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.549.2-550.3; 94.357.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sirwelu \ps n \ge plum \de plum \mr [] \xv 1. lokaʔałwertšigu ʔan tšiyuštipeš ʔisirwelu \xe 'the apricots were mixed with the plums.' \sd food \sd plants \lg TJPH \rf 91.500.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -sisi- \ps vroot \ge wrong in form, manner, or action, be \de be wrong in form, manner, or action \cf aqilisisi \ce to disturb; to bother \cf aqnisisi \ce to stink; to smell bad; to have a bad smell \cf axtisisi \ce to suffer \cf lusisi \ce to grow wryly; to grow ungainly \cf naqilisisi \ce to hinder; to inconvenience \cf xilisisi \ce to be unafraid; to be fearless \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH; JPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sitiłtapəš \ps n \ge fried tortilla \de fried tortilla \mr [] \cf sitiłtapš \ce to fry tortillas \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.577.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sitiłtapš \ps v \ge fry tortillas \de to fry tortillas \mr [] \cf sitiłtapəš \ce fried tortilla \xv 1. huksitiłtapš \xe 'I am going to fry a tortilla.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.577.4; 91.99.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sitow \ps v \ge smoke out \de to smoke out \mr [] \cf itow \ce to be smoke \cf sitowitš \ce to make smoke \xv 1. huksitowwu hesaʔaweya \xe 'I am going to smoke these bees.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.578.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sitowitš \ps v \ge make smoke \ge smoke, make \de to make smoke \mr [] \cf itow \ce to be smoke \cf sitow \ce to smoke out \xv 1. lakʰan ʔisʔəhə saʔaxunpes ʔan hukiyaqtəʔəp hemaʔam, kihukisitowitš kikaypi kimuhusitapi \xe 'when there are lots of mosquitoes they build a fire indoors and make a smoke so that they won’t enter.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.578.1; 91.106.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sitpe \va (sitpen-) \ps v \ge cure smn \ge heal smn \de to cure smn; to heal smn \mr [] \cf ʔałʔałtsitpe \ce healer \xv 1. huksitpe \xe 'I am going to heal him.' \xv 2. huksitpenił \xe 'I am going to heal you.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.577.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sitpen \ps v \ge remind \de to remind \mr [] \cf itpen \ce to remember; to recall \xv 1. huksitpenił \xe 'I am going to remind you.' \xv 2. huksitpen \xe 'I am going to remind him.' \xv 3. ʔałtsitpen \xe 'he reminds.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.577.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sitʔaw \ps v \ge dazzle (with light) \de to dazzle (with light) \mr [] \cf itʔaw \ce to be dazzled \xv 1. no ʔan ksitʔaw \xe 'I flashed [a looking glass into his face to blind him].' \xv 2. tsʰitʔawwu lokatšotštšotšonəʔəš \xe 'it dazzles the fish.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.579.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx siwałkitwo \ps v \ge throw out \de to throw out \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. huksiwałkitwo hesixəp \xe 'I threw this rock outdoors.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.579.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx siwałnapay \ps v \ge seize something in the water and throw it on the ground \de to seize something in the water and throw it on the ground \mr [] \cf iwałnapay \ce to spring out of the water onto the ground \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \xv 1. huksiwałnapay \xe 'I seize a fish (or anything) in the water with my hands and throw it up out of the water on the ground. \xv 2. kiwałnapay \xe 'I sprang quickly up out of the water to the land.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd locations \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.579.3; WeirA9 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx siwałqlay \ps v \ge make smooth \ge smooth, make \de to make smooth \mr [] \cf iwałqlay \ce to be smooth \cf šiwałqlayəʔəš \ce smoothing instrument \xv 1. ksiwałqlay \xe 'I smooth it over with wet board ' [after spreading adobe]. \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.580.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx siwałqlayəʔəš \cf šiwałqlayəʔəš \ce smoothing instrument \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx siwałtapi \ps v \ge throw on/in \de to throw on/in \mr [] \cf iwałtapi \ce to come into from out of \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. ksiwałtapi lokakatu \xe 'I threw the cat into the room from outdoors.' \xv 2. kʰan sipsiwałtapi hesinə \xe 'if you throw it on the fire.' \xv 3. kisisiwałtapinwu hesoʔo \xe 'they throw them back into the water.' \xv 4. no ʔan ksiwałtapi lošuʔušpayəš \xe 'I am going to toss it into the hole.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.580.4-581.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx siwałyam \ps v \ge throw smth down \de to throw smth down \mr [] \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. ksiwałyam \xe 'I threw it down below.' \xv 2. huksiwałyam ʔapuliš \xe 'I am going to throw it down so that you will catch it.' \sd motion \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.36.3, 570.3, 579.3 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx siwełmes \ps v \ge throw to the other side \ge shuttle \de to throw to the other side; to shuttle \mr [] \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf šiwełmešeʔeš \ce shuttle (for weaving) \xv 1. no ʔan huksiwełmes \xe 'I am going to throw it over to the other side' (said of putting shuttle through in weaving). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.581.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx siwon \ps v \ge sound \ge play \de to sound; to play \mr [] \cf iwon \ce to sound; to make chirping noises; to groan; to bray; to crow; to moo; to howl; to croak; to sing (said of birds) \xv 1. tsʰiwon \xe 'it sounds just once.' \xv 2. tsʰiwonwon \xe 'it sounds repeatedly.' \xv 3. tsʰiwon ʔiswiyolin \xe 'he is playing his violin.' \xv 4. huksiwon hesimusika \xe 'I am going to make this musical instrument sound.' \sd music \sd senses \sd verbs \lg JPH; JPH \rf 90.582.1-583.2; 94.375.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sixsixwaʔay \ps n \ge claw.REDUP \ge thorn.REDUP \ge fingernail.REDUP \ge nail (finger or toe).REDUP \de fingernail.REDUP; claw.REDUP; thorn.REDUP; nail (finger or toe).REDUP \cf sixway̓ \ce fingernail; claw; thorn; nail (finger or toe) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sixut \ps v \ge make burn \ge burn, make \de to make burn \mr [] \cf ixut \ce to burn \xv 1. tsisixut \xe 'they burnt it.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.573.1-3; 94.360.1 \dt 11/Feb/2018 \lx sixwalilik \ps v \ge mottle \de to mottle \mr [] \cf ixwalilik \ce to be mottled; to be variegated; to be iridescent \xv 1. no ʔan ksixwalilik \xe 'I mottle it.' \sd verbs \sd colors \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.576.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sixwap \ps v \ge burn up \de to burn up \mr [] \sy sixut \cf ixwap \ce to burn; to scald \xv 1. pi ʔan psixwap loʔkakʔáp \xe 'you burned up my house.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Travels94 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sixway̓ \rd sixsixwaʔay \ps n \ge claw \ge thorn \ge nail (finger or toe) \ge fingernail \de fingernail; claw; thorn; nail (finger or toe) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI sixway ‘fingernails,’ CRZ siqway ‘fingernails,’ INZ sixway̓ ‘fingernails,’ OBI čʰiqama ‘fingernails,’ sixwa’ḁ ‘hip’ (Klar 1977: 41; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \cf tixwaha \ce to scratch (with fingernails, claws, talons) \cf tixwahanəš \ce scratches (from fingernails, claws, talons) \xv 1. hesiksixway \xe 'my nail.' \xv 2. tsʰixway̓ \xe 'it's claw.' \xv 3. ʔułʔuły iʔisʰixway̓ \xe 'it has long claws' (said of mountain lions). \sd anatomy \sd body \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 90.573.4-576.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sixyapapa \ps v \ge make froth \ge froth, make \ge make foam \ge foam, make \de to make froth; to make foam \mr [] \cf ixyapapa \ce to froth; to foam \xv 1. huksixyapapa \xe 'I am going to make it foam' (as when beating eggs or anything in a dish). \xv 2. hukseqenus ʔisixyapapa heʔišʔapš \xe 'I am going to remove the scum from the soup.' \sd verbs \sd cooking \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.572.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sixʔop \ps v \ge throw smth into the eyes of \de to throw smth into the eyes of \xv 1. huksixʔopus \xe 'I am going to throw stuff into his eyes.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 90.572.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx siya \mr [] \se I \ps n \ge chair \ge saddle \de chair; saddle \xv 1. hukseqe hesiksiya \xe 'I am going to take the saddle off.' \xv 2. hukseqenus sikisiya \xe 'I am going to take the saddle off of him.' \se II \ps v \ge saddle \de to saddle \xv 1. huksiya hekakʰkawayu \xe 'I am going to saddle my horse.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.546.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx skoyiis \cf tsqoyiʔis \ce seaweed; kelp \sd variations \dt 04/Sep/2011 \lx skʔoti \ps n \ge one real \ge distance from tip of hand to opposite shoulder \ge ell, English double \de distance from tip of hand to opposite shoulder; English double ell; one real \gn real, un \dn un real \sd measurement \lg JPH \rf 69.110 \dt 01/Sep/2018 \lx so- \cf si-2 \ce partitive prefix \sd variations \dt 19/Jun/2018 \lx soʔowow \ps v \ge make white \de to make white \mr [] \cf ʔowow \ce to be white \xv 1. huksoʔowow \xe 'I am going to make something white.' \sd colors \sd senses \rf 90.584.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx soʔowus \ps v \ge fast \de to fast \mr [] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \cf axtitš \ce to diet; to eat certain things and not others \xv 1. no ʔan ksoʔowus \xe 'I fast' ; 'I eat nothing at all.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.584.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx soktonokmuʔ \ph sɔktɔnɔkˈmʊˀ \ps n \ge Soktonokmuʔ \de settlement northeast of Mission Santa Inés \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.623.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx soł- \cf sal-2 \ce of counting/separating \cf sołposʰo \ce to tell smn his fate \sd variations \dt 23/Jul/2018 \lx sołposʰo \ps vt \ge tell smn his fate \ge fate, tell smn his \de to tell smn his fate \mr [] \xv 1. huksołposʰonus \xe 'I tell him what is going to happen to him, what I have heard is going to happen to him (would tell my friends thus).' \sd verbs \sd cognition \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.583.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sotoyi \a sotoyì \ps v \ge lay smth/smn down \de to lay smth/smn down \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv sotoyiniʔiy \pde to lay smn/smth down.REP \pdv sotoyinpi \pde to lay smn/smth down.APL.LOC \cf otoyi \ce to lie down \xv 1. kanaw̓a štšohò ʔisʔaqʰmił winày loʔkamom̓óy kisamsotoyì \xe 'when Winay had finished drinking the toloache, they put him to bed.' \xv 2. kamusʰotoyinpiwuniʔiy lokaspat \xe 'does not lay any more in that nest.' \xv 3. kamusʰotoyiniʔiy, huksotoyiniʔiy, huksotoyinwuniʔiy \xe 'he didn’t lay any more, I am going to lay some more, I am going to lay several eggs again.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.585.4; Coyo96-97 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx soxno \ps vt \ge suspicious of, be \de to be suspicious of \mr [] \cf soxnohotš \ce to suspect \xv 1. ksoxnonus lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am suspicious of the man.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksoxnonus ʔisoxno səʔəqəy \xe 'I suspect him of having stolen a chicken.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 90.584.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx soxnohotš \ps v \ge suspect \de to suspect \mr [] \cf soxno \ce to be suspicious of \xv 1. kšoxnohotš \xe 'I suspect it.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.584.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx soxtonowo \ps v \ge winnow \de to winnow \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \cf šoxtonowotš \ce to toss wheat; to winnow wheat \xv 1. ksoxtonowo \xe 'I throw (wheat, etc.) up in the air in a wind and the wind blows away the chaff and the seeds fall straight down.' \xv 2. ksoxtonowotš \xe 'I toss wheat up in the air to winnow it.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.585.1-2, 762.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx soxtoponowo \ps v \ge stir up dust \ge dust, stir up \de to stir up dust \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \cf oxtoponowo \ce to blow dust; to have a dust-wind \xv 1. ksoxtoponowo \xe 'I make or kick up or stir up dust' (indoors or out). \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.585.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx speʔey \cf tspeʔey \ce flower \sd variations \dt 04/Sep/2011 \lx speyspeʔey \ps n \ge flower.REDUP \de flower.REDUP \cf tspeʔey \ce flower \sd reduplications \dt 17/Aug/2011 \lx spəy \cf tspəy \ce ice; icicle \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sqiłmes \cf qiłmes \ce island \sd variations \dt 27/Aug/2011 \lx sqoyis \cf tsqoyiʔis \ce seaweed; kelp \sd variations \dt 19/Jun/2018 \lx sqʔoqʔom \ps n \ge flagpole \de flagpole \lg JPH \rf 91.255.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx stawayək \cf tstawayək \ce plain (geography); valley \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx su- \hm 1 \a s- \a sə- \a so- \a su- \a šo- \a šu- \a ʰu- \va (s-, sə-, so-, su-, šu-, šo-) \ps vpre \ge CAUS \de causative verbal prefix \ee This prefix indicates that the verb is one where an object is being 'made' in one way or another. In some cases this prefix has lexicalized with the following verb. This suffix may also show harmony with the vowels of the following syllable. This prefix can be followed by a pronominal prefix with the meaning 'cause you/he/them/etc. to do V.' This has the appearancce of a passive construction \xv 1. sunaʔàł \xe 'I am going to ride a horse, make a horse go.' \xv 2. tsʰəpsəpuswu siqunqunup susiyʔalał \xe 'the woman is teaching the children to read.' \xv 3. məʔək suswaywayanli \xe 'so it will go far (said of a swing swinging far up).' \xv 4. mušamušowu susiwe hemaʔam \xe 'the people do not allow the dogs to sleep in the houses.' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \lg TJPH \rf 90.120.1, 633.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx su- \hm 2 \ps pre \ge PART.FUT \de partitive+future \ee This is a combination of the partitive and future prefixes. Glossed as PART.FUT. \mr [] \xv 1. ʔəhə siku sałmaʔamsuyanaʔał suʔamsutikəy \xe 'there are many people against [you], they will change thee to another place.' \xv 2. ʔəhə sulamʔuw \xe 'there is a lot of food.' \xv 3. heseʔenešeš ʔan huskimiʔi suseqe \xe 'the soul returns and is reborn.' \xv 4. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan huki ʔałhinhin ʔiti, kałwašətš sukiywałtə kihušnaʔał \xe 'what is this man doing around here?' \xv 5. kałwašətš sukiyispuwe sipapeł saʔałpəlitš (volunteered), kihusiteqpeysipawapaw \xe 'it will be well if we buy some fly paper and catch the flies.' \xv 6. kałwašətš suʔamnišaqša lokaʔalaxwayi \xe 'it is a good plan to kill the gluttonous woman.' \xv 7. kanawa skuʔum susʔuwlilo \xe 'when her mealtime arrived.' \xv 8. kseqe ʔan kaypiʔiʔi kušiʔik kałwašətš sukqisəʔə lokaʔałʔalaxiyepš \xe 'I pulled him out but for that reason itached all the more, it seemed well for me to go see the doctor.' \xv 9. lakʰan susəhə sukʔalustʔey ʔan muhukyətini naxyət \xe 'if I have a lot to do, I will not return tomorrow.' \xv 10. kay ʔan tšašulapit sukišʔuwlilo \xe 'he invited me to eat.' \xv 11. latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw tsisaxyikuʔus sułʔuw, latšə ʔisiliklikʔe maʔan lokasinaymu kaʔixpanəš \xe 'every day they gave her food, she remaining continually inside the acorn grainary.' \xv 12. lokamakał ʔan wašətš suʔamʔuw kʔuwe mitʔi ʔisʔamə \xe 'the bat is good to eat but he has very little meat.' \xv 13. loʔkaʔanaqʰskutipoxpox ʔan kʰsen̓wàš muskumlì loʔkasʔxilałtəmù kikasamtənùs kaʔisamyikus susʔatʔap laʔtšʰə̀ heʔismaʔàm hemišupʰ \xe 'mole was an announcer, but he did not fulfill his duty, so they named him and gave him live always below the earth.' \xv 14. loʔkaʔanatʔam̓am ʔan tsuniyəw sułʔuw ʔi sułkù \xe 'the raccoon hunts at night.' \xv 15. lokaxəp kahałʔowow = sixəp sułʔowow ; hesixəp ʔan husʔowow \xe 'the stone that will be white ; the rock is going to be white.' \xv 16. pakeʔet sikʰkawayu ʔan tsxawawaʔa, muštaxtaxšətš kʔuwe numis sukʔalał \xe 'one of my horses is lean, he does not have strength, but I am still going to plow.' \xv 17. tsamyikus susʔatʔap latšə heʔismaʔam hemišup \xe 'they gave him permission to live always below the earth.' \xv 18. tsʰəpsəpuswu siqunqunup susiyʔaleł \xe 'the woman is teaching the children to read.' \xv 19. tsisukumeʔeł yəlaʔa loʔkasʰununa sułʔalinetpi ʔisʔamamə sitomoł \xe 'they arrange so that it will form the beginning of the form of the body of a tomoł.' \xv 20. tspeʔey heʔišup loʔkakiʔałhašəʔə̀š pakeʔet supnehet ʔan mupaxunimaš \xe 'our language is a flower, one thing you are going to do, that you do not deceive.' \xv 21. tsiyaqtuniyəw suliyʔuw \xe 'they seek their food.' \xv 22. wašətš ʔi šup kaypi ki sʔəhə sulamʔuw \xe 'it is a good year and therefore there is a lot of food .' \xv 23. xiliwasənitʰ ! suʔkałnetpi ʔan kalaqʰtinəpə loʔkašoxšəł manesał \xe 'look at me well! that which I am going to do is removing water, the urine, of the tame doe.' \xv 24. kihušwašətš supiyilikʔe kəwə kaswanaʔał ʔisamilikʔe \xe 'so it will be well, for it is the custom.' \xv 25. pi ʔan wašətš supilikʔe kəwəpiwałtšaqša \xe 'you will do well if you sit down, because you are tired.' \xv 26. laʔkʰan suptapinwù ʔan kusiyaqʰwətəypìʔił \xe 'if you put yourself among such people then they will make you do what they intend' (lit., 'they will shadow you'). \xv 27. lakwakapiʔiʔi suknipʔow \xe 'I bend it slowly.' \xv 28. nupaʔaʔan ʔisqałkumit sukeqweł siposo \xe 'I just got the idea of digging a well.' \sd prefixes \sd grammar \lg TJPH; IM \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx suʔkuyət \cf sukʔuyət \ce to do prettily; to do nicely; to do beautifully \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suʔułyi \ps v \ge lengthen smth \de to lengthen smth \mr [] \cf ʔułyi \ce to be long; to be tall \xv 1. ksuʔułyi \xe 'I make it longer.' \sd descriptions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.689.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suʔuwlilo \ps v \ge feed \de to feed \mr [] \sy axyik \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \xv 1. huksuʔuwlilo hesikʰkawayu, hukyikus šitaštaʔaš \xe 'I am going to feed this horse.' \xv 2. axyikuw losikawayu ! \xe 'give the horse some hay!' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.689.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suheł \cf suwheł \ce to birth; to give birth to \sd variations \dt 19/Jun/2018 \lx suhuki \ps v \ge appreciate smn/smth \ge think highly of smn/smth \de to appreciate smn/smth; to think highly of smn/smth \mr [] \cf huki1 \ce to appreciate oneself; to think highly of oneself \xv 1. no ʔan ksuhukì \xe 'I appreciate him/it.' \xv 2. kasʔip, "ʔiyiwałtə̀ (Ϟor ʔisukitwo) ʔiyikuw ! hałtšnaləʔəš, musamsuhuki ʔitì" \xe 'and Eagle said, "get him out of here and give him the direction like he deserves! they don’t want him here" ' (more literally, ‘they don’t appreciate him here’). \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.1103.1/Roadrunner246-248 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx suhun \ps v \ge prepare a load \de to prepare a load \ee This is said of preparing a load to carry on a trip. \cf šuhunaš \ce sack fixed and tied (as for carrying on a trip) \xv 1. munayuʔamsuhun \xe 'they have not yet made their load.' \xv 2. huksuhun hešimeš \xe 'I am going to fix this sack all ready to carry on my back.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.587.1; 91.1.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sukali \cf sukaliʔin \ce to make even; to measure so that two things are even (length) \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sukaliʔin \a ʰukaliʔin \a ʰukali \a sukalin \a sukali \va (sukali, sukalin-) \ps v \ge make even \ge even, make \ge measure so that two things are even (length) \de to make even; to measure so that two things are even (length) \mr [] \xv 1. ksukaliʔin \xe '[my forefingers] are not one out further than the other.' \xv 2. ksukalinwu \xe 'I place two sticks so their ends are neither one longer or shorter than the other.' \xv 3. huksukalinpi hesipon̓ lokatsʔohoy kapon̓ \xe 'I am going to make this stick of the same measure as that other stick.' \xv 4. kikasʰin lokaʔoqwo kisʰukaliʔin lokasʔoqwo kʔuwe lokaluštəł ʔan qnowowo \xe 'he took the hair and measured it with his own and the hair that he found was shorter.' \xv 5. sinawa tsamsununa sitomoł ʔan tsameqwel ʔištaqtaqšətšaʔaš heʔismət tsam salaqwaʔay yəlaʔa tsamsukali heʔisʔuleqpey ka loʔiskunoʔoy ka loʔismotʔo pakeʔet kaloʔkatsʔohoy \xe 'when they commence a canoe, they make the keel or central board, they make it smooth and even, the front and rear ends and both sides.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.594.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sukalin \cf sukaliʔin \ce to make even; to measure so that two things are even (length) \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sukeʔep \a sukep \va (sukep-) \ps v \ge bathe smn/smth \ge make clean \ge baptize \de to bathe smn/smth; to make clean; to baptize \mr [] \cf keʔep \ce to be clean; to bathe oneself; to clean oneself \cf šukepeš \ce Christian (baptized); smn baptized \xv 1. ksukeʔep hesikʰqo \xe 'I am going to bathe my dog.' \xv 2. hukʰkeʔep \xe 'I am going to take a bath.' \xv 3. huksukeʔep lokaqunup \xe 'I am going to wash the baby.' \xv 4. kasamsukepit \xe 'there is where they baptized me.' \sd common \sd water \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.107.1, 595.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sukəyəmi \ps v \ge hold an arrow against the right-hand side of bow when shooting \de to hold an arrow against the right-hand side of bow when shooting \mr [] \an sukowowo \cf kəyəmi \ce to be straight \xv 1. ksukəyəmi \xe 'I hold arrow in shooting against right-hand side of bow.' \sd archery \sd verbs \rf 81.296.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sukilamu \ps v \ge make insane \ge insane, make \de to make insane \mr [] \cf kilamu \ce to be crazy; to be insane \xv 1. tsʰukilamuwit lokamomoy \xe 'the toloache is going to make me crazy.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \sd emotions \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.596.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sukinakukay \ps v \ge lean smth against \de to lean smth against \gn recargar \dn recargar \mr [] \cf kinakukaypi \ce to lean against \xv 1. huksukinakukay \xe 'I am going to lean a stick or anything against the wall or anything.' \xv 2. ksukinakukaypi losikaxon \xe 'I am going to lean the stick against the box.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.596.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sukinomoy \ps v \ge turn smth over \de to turn smth over \mr [] \cf kinomoy \ce to turn around \xv 1. ksukinomoy \xe 'I turn [a paper] over.' \xv 2. sukinomoy lokapon̓ \xe 'turn the stick around.' \xv 3. ksukinomoy sitawla ʔan kuštəł siqstopo \xe 'I turned the board over and found a stinkbug under it.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.597.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sukitwo \rd suksukitwo \a ʰukitwo \a sukitwò \a sukitʰwo \a sukitʰwon \a tsukitʰwon \va (sukitʰwo) \ps v \ge make go out \ge go out, make \ge make move out \ge move out, make \de to make go out; to make move out \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \cf maxsukitwo \ce to pull out of \cf tipašukitwo \ce to shove a thing out by unsteady shoves \cf wisukitwo \ce to peck out; to wash ashore \xv 1. huksukitwo \xe 'I am going to take it out.' \xv 2. kisukitwonwu \xe 'we pulled out [fish lines up out of the water].' \xv 3. huksukitwo sinə \xe 'I am going to strike fire [with flint and steel].' \xv 4. uliʔiš kipsukitwo \xe 'fish it out.' \xv 5. ksukitwo loʔisxət \xe 'I leave his penis exposed' (said of a baby in a crib). \xv 6. tsamsukitwonus heʔisxət kuhušoxšot \xe 'they have his penis sticking out so that he can urinate.' \xv 7. ksukitwo sikišnuxš \xe 'I took out a poker from my nose.' \xv 8. tsʰukitwo simuwu \xe 'the sea cast [the whale] ashore.' \xv 9. tšisʰukitwonus ʔištəq \xe 'they two remove his eyes.' \xv 10. tsʰukitwo ʔišʰepšle \xe 'he sticks out his lip' (as when pouting). \xv 11. tsʰukitwonit ʔisʔelew \xe 'I stick out my tongue.' \xv 12. huksukitwonwu hesipapas \xe 'I take these potatoes out of the sack.' \xv 13. kʰsukitʰwo lokakʰya \xe 'I draw an arrow' (from a quiver). \xv 14. tsisukitwonwu lokasʔaxpilił heʔišinuxnuʔuxš \xe 'the pigs root up roots with their nose.' \xv 15. tsʰukitwo hesimuwu ʔiʔšaqšanutš \xe 'the sea throws [the shell] ashore dead.' \xv 16. tsʰukitwonwu heʔsimuwu ʔišaqšaqšanuʔutš \xe 'the sea throws them out dead.' \xv 17. husisinay simakina kuhusisukitwo siʔaseyte \xe 'they are going to put a machine for getting oil.' \xv 18. kisukitwo lokaxayanəš isutapi sitsʔohoy ʔikwatrù \xe 'we took out the bed and put it in another room.' \xv 19. kasułkuw ʔan ksukitwonwu lokapawapaw hesikwenmu \xe 'last night I chased the flies out of my bedroom.' \xv 20. kuštəł suʔuštšʔəmənəš saʔałtšum, kiksukitwo, knunaʔał lokakʔap \xe 'I found the buried treasure, I got it and took it home.' \xv 21. lokakatu ʔan tšuliʔiš səʔəqəy ʔan tsʰupəx kikanawa sʰukitwonwu lokaštałtałhəʔəw kikanawa siyʔaləhəy kikasiyiwon, ʔan tsiyʔip kikirimiyaw, kikirimiyaw \xe 'the cat got a chicken and made her pregnant and when she gave birth to her young ones and they grew up and sang they sand kikirimiyaw.' \xv 22. tsikimkimiyi ʔisiyipus kʔuwe naštəʔəʔə sʰuksukitwonwu sinunatšəʔətš \xe 'and they kept commanding her and kept pulling out little animals.' \sd archery \sd verbs \sd hunting \sd common \sd voice \sd passive \lg TJPH \rf 90.61.1, 598.1-604.4; Coyo17; Daughter2; Glutton65-66 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sukowowo \ps v \ge tilt smth \ge hold to one side \ge hold an arrow against the left-hand side of bow when shooting \de to tilt smth; to hold to one side; to hold an arrow against the left-hand side of bow when shooting \mr [] \an sukəyəmi \cf kowowo \ce to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \cf maxsukowowo \ce to drag smth tipped \cf šukowowonəʔəš \ce instrument held slanting; bow held slanting \xv 1. tsʰukowowo \xe 'he holds it to one side.' \xv 2. tsamsukowowo \xe 'they tilt it.' \xv 3. no ʔan ksukowowo \xe 'I am going to tilt it.' \xv 4. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałʔałsukowowo \xe 'man who habitually holds arrow on left side of his bow when he shoots.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.503.4, 605.1-606.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suksukitwo \a ʰuksukitwo \a ʰuksukitwon \va (suksukitwon-) \ps v \ge make move out.REDUP \ge make go out.REDUP \de to make go out.REDUP; to make move out.REDUP \cf sukitwo \ce to make go out; to make move out \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sukum \ps v \ge catch up with \ge overtake \de to catch up with; to overtake \ee Note the use of the applicative for third person objects. \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \xv 1. ksukumuswu \xe 'I caught up with them.' \xv 2. kihukisukumus \xe 'so that we will catch uup with him' ; 'so that we will overtake him.' \xv 3. ksukumus šaʔałʔaxatšʔ lomaliyaš \xe 'I overtook the man on the road.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.608.2-3, 612.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sukumeʔeł \ps v \ge direct \ge give direction to \de to direct; to give direction to \mr [] \cf kumeʔeł \ce to move straight (to) \xv 1. ksukumeʔeł \xe 'I gave him direction.' \sd verbs \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.608.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sukumli \a ʰukumli \ps v \ge make arrive \ge arrive, make \de to make arrive \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumli \ce to arrive at \xv 1. ksukumli \xe 'I made it arrive.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.609.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sukumšaš \cf šukumšaš \ce to put close together \sd variations \dt 18/Mar/2011 \lx sukumu \ps v \ge measure \de to measure \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \cf sukumulaʔa \ce to measure to a point \cf sukumus \ce to overtake \xv 1. ksukumu \xe 'I measure.' \xv 2. tsʰukumu \xe 'he measures.' \xv 3. huksukumu \xe 'I want to measure it.' \xv 4. ksukumu hałtšʔułyinaʔaš \xe 'I measured its length.' \xv 5. lapakeʔeł sałʔišnetpi ʔisamsukumu \xe 'the two are measured the same.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.609.2-610.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sukumulaʔa \a ʰukumula \ps v \ge measure to a point \de to measure to a point \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \cf kumulaʔa \ce to fit \cf sukumu \ce to measure \xv 1. ksukumulaʔa \xe 'I measure it just so and not too much.' \xv 2. lasukumulaʔa \xe 'I do not eat too much.' \xv 3. lapsukumulaʔa sipʔuwlilo ! \xe 'don't eat too much there!' \xv 4. ksukumulaʔa \xe 'I measure it as far as there only.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.610.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sukumus \ps v \ge overtake \de to overtake \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \cf sukumu \ce to measure \xv 1. ksukumus šaʔatʔaxatš lomaliyaš \xe 'I overtook the man on the road.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.608.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sukumušaʔaš \cf šukumušaʔaš \ce measuring device; measurement \sd variations \dt 06/Aug/2018 \lx sukunoy \ps v \ge put ahead \ge put in front of \de to put ahead; to put in front of \mr [] \cf kunoʔoy \ce to go ahead; to lead; to guide \xv 1. tšnowo hekakʰkawayu, kikamušʰuyanaʔał, kušušmaxyət ʔan tsʰukunoywu heʔispu kimušaluškʔəy, kinupan tsʰuyaxšilit \xe 'my horse stopped and did not want to go, I kept pulling him but he planted his front feet in front of him and tried to bite me too.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.612.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sukunuhus(pi) \ps v \ge make a motion to do \de to make a motion to do \mr [] \ee Harrington notes that this verb can also be said of acting as if one was going to write but did not. \xv 1. ksukunuhuspi \xe 'I made a threatening motion at him with it.' \xv 2. ksukunuhus \xe 'I made a threatening motion at him [with my hand].' \xv 3. ksukunuhuspi hesikpala lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I made a motion as if to strike the man [with my spade]' (but did not hit him). \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.612.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sukupin \ps v \ge light a light \de to light a light \mr [] \cf šukupinaʔaš \ce candle; light \xv 1. huksukupin \xe 'I am going to light the candle.' \xv 2. no ʔan huksukupin̓ hesisukupinaʔaš \xe 'I am going to light the candle.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH \rf 90.47.3, 613.1-3; Daughter2 \dt 01/Sep/2018 \lx sukupinaʔaš \cf šukupinaʔaš \ce candle; light \sd variations \dt 19/Jun/2018 \lx sukuta \ps v \ge lift up \de to lift up \mr [] \cf kuta \ce to get up; to slope up \xv 1. huksukuta \xe 'I am going to lift a person up [in my arms]' (could hardly use this verb of lifting a stick of wood). \xv 2. huksukuta, huksuwaya \xe 'I am going to lift this box off the floor' (I am going to stand it on end) (idiom). \xv 3. masəx kʰsiʔqʔom kʰeʔen kʰsukutà ʔan yətiʔiškom̓ \xe 'two times three is six' (as he does this he closes the three fingers - little finger side of hand - and opens again). \xv 4. kʰsiqʔom yətipakeʔes kʰeʔenlà kʰsukutà ʔan kaʔaškom̓ \xe 'five times five is ten (lit., ‘I double five and I lift up [to] ten’).' \sd verbs \sd position \sd idioms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.0614.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sukutet \ps v \ge suckle smn/smth \de to suckle smn/smth \mr [] \cf kutet \ce I. breast II. to suckle (as from a breast) \xv 1. tsʰukutetwu \xe 'she suckles them.' \xv 2. tsʰukutet ʔištałhəw \xe 'she suckles her child.' \xv 3. no ʔan ksukutet hesiktałhəw \xe 'I suckle this baby.' \xv 4. huksukutet hesikʰtałhəw \xe 'I am going to suckle this off my offspring.' \xv 5. taktəʔəš ʔiʔałtsukutet \xe 'an animal that suckles.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.0614.3-0615.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sukuy \ps v \ge cook smth \de to cook smth \cf sułtap \ce to boil \cf šukuyaš \ce boiled islay; anything boiled \xv 1. tšʰukuywaš \xe 'she cooks something.' \xv 2. huksukuy \xe 'I am going to boil it in water.' \xv 3. no ʔan ksukuy \xe 'I cooked something.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 90.606.2-4 \dt 19/Jun/2018 \lx sukuya \ps v \ge turn smn's head around \de to turn smn's head around \mr [] \cf kuya \ce to turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \cf səwəyə \ce to cause smn’s head to turn \xv 1. ksukuya \xe 'I turn his head around.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd position \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.607.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sukuyam \ps v \ge set on end \ge put down from a horse \de to set on end; to put down from a horse \mr [] \cf kuyam \ce to ride horseback; to be seated on top of smth \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. ksukuyam \xe 'I put the pencil on top of the tall poll.' \xv 2. huksuyam hesiqunup \xe 'I am going to take this boy down from horseback.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.607.2-4 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx sukuyaš \cf šukuyaš \ce boiled islay; anything boiled \sd variations \dt 23/Jul/2018 \lx sukwey \ps v \ge pour from one dish into another \ge poison \de to pour from one dish into another; to poison \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv šukweš \pde to pour from one dish into another.IMP; to poison.IMP \pdv sukweypi \pde to pour from one dish into another.APL.LOC; to poison.APL.LOC \cf ʔałtsukweypiwu \ce poisoner (as of squirrels) \cf kwey \ce to empty by pouring of one’s own accord; to be emptied \cf suqpuy \ce to wet smth/smn; to pour onto \xv 1. huksukwey \xe 'I am going to pour it' (from one olla into another). \xv 2. huksukweypi \xe 'I am going to pour it into' (another olla). \xv 3. huksukweypiwu \xe 'I am going to poison them.' \xv 4. tsamsukwey \xe 'they poured it from one thing into another.' \xv 5. hukuštipey šaʔatəšwənəš \xe 'I am going to poison these oats.' \xv 6. huksukweypi lokaʔatʔaxatšʔ kihušaqša \xe 'I am going to poison this man so he will die.' \xv 7. huksukweypi sitsʔohoy soʔoya \xe 'I am going to pour it into another olla.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.0616.1-617.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sukʔuyet \cf sukʔuyət \ce to do prettily; to do nicely; to do beautifully \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sukʔuyət \a sukʔuyet \a suʔkuyət \va (suʔkuyət, sukʔuyət) \ps v \ge do prettily \ge prettily, do \ge do nicely \ge nicely, do \ge do beautifully \ge beautifully, do \de to do prettily; to do nicely; to do beautifully \mr [] \cf kʔuyət \ce to be pretty \xv 1. ʔisukʔuyətuw hesipinəw ! \xe 'sing ye very nice!' \xv 2. no ʔan ksukʔuyətus \xe 'I make the work I am doing pretty and nice.' \xv 3. sukʔuyətuʔuʔuw ! \xe 'fix it pretty!' \xv 4. huksukʔuyətus sukeqweł hesilamesa \xe 'I am going to make this table very nice.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.0618.1-618.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sul- \a suł- \va (suł-) \ps pre \ge NZ.PART.IRR \de irrealis nominalizing partitive prefix \ee Glossed as ϡnz.part.irrϡ. \mr [] \xv 1. tsiyaqtuniyəw suliyʔuw \xe 'they seek their food.' \xv 2. wašətš ʔišup kaypi ki sʔəhə sulamʔuw \xe 'it is a good year and therefore there is a lot of food.' \xv 3. tšaxakšit š(sułʔuw Ϟor sulamuw) \xe 'he gave me something to eat' (said of a man giving me something to eat when at a man’s house). \xv 4. ʔəhə sulamʔuw \xe 'there is a lot of food.' \xv 5. tšyutuxš hesulamʔuw \xe 'he is smelling the food.' \xv 6. sulamʔuw \xe 'all kinds of food.' \xv 7. sixəp sułʔowow \xe 'the rock that will be white.' \xv 8. hesixəp ʔan husʔowow \xe 'the rock is going to be white.' \xv 9. latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw tsisaxyikuʔus sułʔuw, latšə ʔisiliklikʔe maʔan lokasinaymu kaʔixpanəš \xe 'every day they gave her food, she remaining continually inside the acorn granary.' \xv 10. loʔkaʔanatʔam̓am ʔan tsuniyəw sułʔuw ʔi sułkù \xe 'the raccoon hunts at night.' \xv 11. loʔkatonton̓ ʔan tsʰyamtiʔì loʔkaʔpon̓ tsuniyəw sułʔuw ka ʔisaqʰmił \xe 'the flying squirrel descends (walking) the tree to seek its food and drink.' \xv 12. lakʰan ʔisqisə payikʔulahuki ʔan tsapuʔuw, mulašaqutšiəʔəʔətš ʔan nimiš ʔisapuʔuw sułqisə \xe 'the hen pecks quickly, she is not very smart but nevertheless grans her food.' \sd prefixes \sd grammar \sd mood \sd irrealis \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx sulaxay \ps v \ge put between two things \de to put between two things \mr [] \cf ulaxay \ce to be between \xv 1. ksulaxay \xe 'I put a thing between the two others things' (as ink bottle between two things on the table). \sd verbs \sd locations \lg TJPH \rf 90.626.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sułham \ps v \ge pierce smn's ears \ge have one's ears pierced \ge pierced, have one's ears \de to pierce smn’s ears; to have one’s ears pierced \ee This verb only applies to ears being pierced. It is unclear how this differs from the non causative form ͽułham. \mr [] \xv 1. ksułham (Ϟor kʔałtsułham) \xe 'I have my ears perforated.' \xv 2. huksułhamił \xe 'I am going to bore your ears.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd health \rf 90.0627.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suliyuyu \a suliyuyun \va (suliyuyun-) \ps v \ge make salivate \ge salivate, make \ge make one's mouth water \ge water, make one's mouth \de to make salivate; to make smn’s mouth water \mr [] \cf liyuyu \ce to salivate; to be slimey \xv 1. tsʰuliyuyunit \xe 'it made my mouth water.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.625.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sulo \ps v \ge hit a piaque ball in the air \de to hit a piaque ball in the air \ee Harrington’s consultant was uncertain, but this verb may mean to drive the piaque ball across the goal. \sd verbs \sd gaming \lg JPH \rf 90.627.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sułtap \ps v \ge boil \de to boil \cf sukuy \ce to cook smth \cf sułtapəš \ce smth boiled \xv 1. huksułtap \xe 'I am going to boil it.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd heat \sd water \lg JPH \rf 90.628.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sułtapəš \ps n \ge boiled, smth \de smth boiled \mr [] \cf sułtap \ce to boil \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.628.2, 3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sulupakʔa \mr [] \cf manesał \ce doe (female deer) \cf metš \ce fawn (young deer) \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \cf ulupakeʔet \ce to have one prong \cf wə \ce deer \cf wiwiyət \ce buck (male deer) \se I \ps n \ge deer (young and without branching horns) \de deer (young and without branching horns) \se II \ps v \ge insert one’s penis into, quickly \ge quickly insert one’s penis into \de to quickly insert one’s penis into \sd verbs \sd slang \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.743.1, 746.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sumaqtu \ps v \ge halve \de to halve \mr [] \cf maqtu \ce to be halved \xv 1. huksumaqtu \xe 'I am going to halve it.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.629.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sumaxtapəti \ps v \ge pull up \de to pull up \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \xv 1. ksumaxsapəti \xe 'I pull a thing up' (using pully or when one is at top of cliff). \sd verbs \sd path \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.629.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sumaxwululuk \ps v \ge tie a bowknot \de to tie a bowknot \mr [] \ee Harrington’s speaker did not know this word but thought that it seemed well formed. Harrington notes that it is “undoubtedly” a “good word” \xv 1. ksumaxwululuk \xe 'I tied a bowknot.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.629.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sumay \ps v \ge miss \ge feel lack of \de to miss; to feel lack of \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. no ʔan ksumay \xe 'I miss him.' \xv 2. ksumay lokakutiyəkutš \xe 'I miss my dead mother.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.628.4-629.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sumeheʔe \ps v \ge unfold smth \de to unfold smth \mr [] \an siqʔom \cf meheʔe \ce to be unfolded; to be spread open \cf šumeheʔetš \ce to stretch one’s body \xv 1. neʔesʰumeheʔe ʔisqawawa \xe 'he is already spreading his wings.' \xv 2. ksumeheʔe \xe 'I straighten my arm or leg.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd birds \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.630.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sumeleweʔe \ps v \ge pull under water \ge pull in water \de to pull under water; to pull in water \mr [] \cf melewe \ce to sink under water \cf wisumeleweʔe \ce to sink with blows \xv 1. tsʰumeleweʔe heʔišyəwəš \xe 'it pulls its head in' (said of a turtle). \sd verbs \sd locations \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.631.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sumesimesi \ps v \ge make go over \ge go over, make \ge make pass over \ge pass over, make \ge make traverse \ge traverse, make \de to make go over; to make traverse; to make pass over \mr [] \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf mesi \ce to change from one place to another; to be traitor to \xv 1. ksumesimesi \xe 'I make it pass over and back several times.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.631.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sumitʔiʔin \a sumitʔin \rd sumitmitʔiʔin \va (sumitʔin-) \ps v \ge make small \ge small, make \ge diminutivize (consonants) \de to make small; to diminutivize (consonants) \mr [] \cf mitʔi \ce to be small; to be young; to be small in quantity or intensity \xv 1. ksumitʔiʔin \xe 'I make it small.' \xv 2. ksumitʔinwu \xe 'I make them small.' \xv 3. ksumitmitʔinwu \xe 'I am going to make them very small.' \xv 4. tsʰumitmitʔiʔin ʔišałhaš \xe 'he is going to use consonant diminutivism.' \xv 5. tsisuwamitmitiʔiʔin \xe 'they three or more use consonant diminutivism.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.631.3-4 \dt 22/Jun/2019 \lx sumlelu \ps n \ge hat \ge sombrero \de hat; sombrero \gn sombrero \dn sombrero \mr [] \xv 1. pi ʔan tsʔił sipsumlelu \xe 'you have a hat.' \xv 2. lokasʰumlelu ʔan tswakwakʔay losilamesa \xe 'his hat is on the table.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.632.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sumohop \a šumohop \a ʰumohop \ps v \ge invite \ge make gather together \ge gather together, make \de to invite; to make gather together \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv šumohopš \pde to invite.IPFV; to make gather together.IPFV \xv 1. ksumohopwu \xe 'I make them gather together.' \xv 2. tšʰumohopš \xe 'he invites them.' \xv 3. loʔkanawa saʔamipʰ huskay̓ay̓i winày tš[ʰ]umohòpʰš loʔkaštètè \xe 'at the time they had said Winay was going to drink toloache [someone] gathered together his mother.' \sd verbs \sd manners \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.0632.3 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx sumoxpʔow \ps v \ge bend \de to bend \ee This verb indicates bending something that only remains bent while being held down. \mr [] \cf moxpʔow \ce to be bent down; to be bent over \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. tsamsumoxpʔow \xe 'they bend it' (said especially of bending a sapling over so tip touches ground without breaking). \xv 2. kušʰo kišutinowo \xe 'I let it go and it quickly erects itself.' \sd verbs \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.632.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sunaʔał \rd sunsunaʔał \ps v \ge make go \ge set loose \de to make go; to cause to go; to set loose \ee This can be said of making a horse go or letting a caged bird go. \mr [] \cf maxsunaʔał \ce to drag \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf qałtsunałmu \ce waist \cf sunaʔali \ce to send home \cf sunaʔałwa \ce to do again \xv 1. huksunaʔał \xe 'I am going to ride a horse, make a horse go.' \xv 2. huksunaʔał kuhušnaʔał \xe 'I let a captive bird loose.' \xv 3. tsisunsunaʔał hesinə yəlaʔa hesihinhinàʔaš \xe 'they are throwing on the fire all their stuff.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.120.1, 633.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sunaʔali \a sunaʔli \va (sunaʔli) \ps v \ge send home \de to send home \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf naʔali \ce to go home; to go in a certain direction \cf sunaʔał \ce to make go; to cause to go; to set loose \xv 1. huksunaʔli hesiqunup lokasʔap \xe 'I sent this boy home.' \xv 2. huksunaʔał kuhušnaʔał \xe 'I let a [captive bird] loose.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.634.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sunaʔałwa \ps v \ge do again \de to do again \mr [] \cf sunaʔał \ce to make go; to cause to go; to set loose \xv 1. tsʰunaʔałwa \xe 'he came back again to take it.' \xv 2. tsʰunaʔałwa ʔišmiš \xe 'he carried on his crying again.' \sd verbs \sd number \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.21.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx sunapay \ps v \ge raise \ge make rise \ge save \de to raise; to make rise; to save \mr [] \cf maxsunapay \ce to drag up out of; to pull up out of \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \cf šunapayəʔəš \ce stove lid lifter \cf wisunapay \ce to be washed ashore \xv 1. huksunapay \xe 'I pull a fish out of the water' (when fishing); 'I take something out of' (as a piece of food from a pot). \xv 2. kayusisunapay \xe 'they are about to take [the boat that just landed] up on the beach.' \xv 3. tsuntsunapay ʔisqoyiʔis \xe 'he is casting up kelp continuously.' \xv 4. nelukinetus kisunapaytšʔəši ? \xe 'to save us what should we do?' \xv 5. huksunapaywu hesipapas hesoʔoya \xe 'I am going to take these potatoes out of the olla.' \xv 6. huksunapay hesaʔoya hesinə \xe 'I am going to take the olla off of the fire.' \xv 7. lyos kayusʰunapayił maliya \xe 'God save you Maria.' \xv 8. kʰan ʔisamsunapay ʔan tsoxkʰonono \xe 'when they pull out it grunts.' \xv 9. tsʰunapayiyuw kikə sikiyʔałtipatskaw \xe 'to save us sinners.' \xv 10. kimupušʰoyuw likiyapiyam lokakumeł; kʰuwe sunapayiyuw lokakumeł \xe 'lead us into a temptation; but deliver us from evil.' \xv 11. tsamtənus ʔaloxkʰonon kəwə kanawa ʔamsunapay ʔan tsoxkʰonono \xe 'it is called grunter because when they pull it out of the water it grunts.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd animals \sd food \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.634.2-635.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sunaxskuta \ps v \ge feed breakfast \ge breakfast, feed \de to feed breakfast \mr [] \cf kuta \ce to get up; to slope up \xv 1. huksunaxskuta hesikʰkawayu \xe 'I am going to give my horse some breakfast.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.637.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx sunełhew \ps v \ge carry on one's back \de to carry on one's back \mr [] \ee Harrington notes that this verb is used, "no matter what the load is tied bundle of wood, filled carrying net or anything. Principally old women do thus. They tie a bundle of firewood, for instance, and then seek a slightly elevate place on the ground (could not do it on the level) and stoop down on one knee and fix forehead band over forehead and rise to feet." \xv 1. huksunełhew \xe 'I stoop down and fix the forehead strap of my already tied up bundle over my forehead and then rise to my feet.' \xv 2. ksunełhew \xe 'I carry a load on my back.' \xv 3. ksunełhew lokawoni \xe 'I put a cora on my back.' \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.0637.4-0638.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sunəʔəp \ps n \ge work left incomplete \de work left incomplete \ee Harrington notes that this word denotes work one takes up again at another time. \mr [] \xv 1. lokaksunəʔəp \xe 'the work that I left incompleted and then took up again a second time.' \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.638.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sunhoy \ps v \ge remove hair by curing \de to remove hair from skin in curing leather \mr [] \cf nhoy \ce to be hairless as a result of curing (said of leather) \xv 1. ksunhoy \xe 'I am going to remove the hair from the hide I am curing.' \xv 2. neʔešʰnhoy \xe 'the leather no longer has hair on it.' \xv 3. huksunhoy \xe 'I am going to remove the inner membranes from a buckskin.' \sd animals \sd clothes \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 90.638.4; 92.810.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sunikinomoy \ps v \ge turn around \ge make turn around \de to turn around; to make turn around \mr [] \cf kinomoy \ce to turn around \xv 1. ksunikinomoy \xe 'I revolve [a knife] in a horizontal plane' (on the table). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.639.3 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx sunikʔoyi \ps v \ge take someplace and bring back \ge take and bring full circle \de to take someplace and bring back; to take and bring full circle \mr [] \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \xv 1. ksunikʔoyi \xe 'I will take [a horse] to a certain place and bring it back here.' \xv 2. huksunikʔoyinwu \xe 'I drive them backwards' (common word used in cattle driving). \xv 3. huksunikʔoyił \xe 'I am going to give it back to you.' \xv 4. huksunikʔoyus lokaʔałtšʔum \xe 'I am going to give the money back to him.' \xv 5. kałwašətšʔ hupsunikʔoli kihušiwəʔəš lokaskoko \xe 'it is a good plan to return to her father.' \xv 6. lokaʔatʔaxatšʔ ʔan tsʰunikʔoyiyuw yəlaʔa lokakiʔałtšʔum \xe 'the man gave all our own money back to us.' \xv 7. hušikšitwaʔaš lokaspəʔəy ʔan tsʰunikʔoyi \xe 'he was going to hand me the flower but suddenly jerked it back.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd path \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.0639.1-640.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suninaxyəʔəʔət \ps v \ge occur very early in the morning \de to occur very early in the morning \mr [] \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \cf uninaxyət \ce to occur in the morning \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. ʔan tsʰuninaxyəʔəʔət kisiwon lokaʔatʔanatš \xe 'very early the cock crows.' \xv 2. latšə ʔiskitwo lokasinaymu kaʔixpanəš kikaskepleʔeł kʔuwe suninaxyəʔəʔət \xe 'she got out of her acron granary and went to bathe very early every morning.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.0641.2; Glutton167-168 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx suniqəwə \ps v \ge ebb in the morning \ge go out in the morning (said of low tide) \de to ebb in the morning; to go out in the morning (said of low tide) \mr [] \cf qəwə \ce to be low tide \xv 1. tsʰuniqəwə \xe 'the low morning tide.' \xv 2. tsqiłmayə \xe 'it goes out this evening.' \xv 3. tsqiłmayə \xe 'it goes out this evening.' \sd chronometry \sd ocean \sd water \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.641.1; 92.512.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sunsunaʔał \ps v \ge make go.REDUP \ge cause to go.REDUP \ge set loose.REDUP \de to make go.REDUP; to cause to go.REDUP; to set loose.REDUP \cf sunaʔał \ce to make go; to cause to go; to set loose \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sunu \a ʰunu \a sunuw \a ʰunuw \va (sunuw-) \ps v \ge use \de to use \cf šunuwušaʔaš \ce tool; things used (such as tools) \cf šunuwušutš \ce to use for \xv 1. ksunuwus \xe 'I use it.' \xv 2. ksunsunuwus hesilapis \xe 'I am using this pencil.' \xv 3. huki pałtsunuwus hesiptekmeł \xe 'what will thou use for making pinole, hand-squeezed cakes?' \xv 4. hukwatšʔəw hesilapis huksunuwus hesikʔəł \xe 'I am going to kick this pencil.' \xv 5. ksunuwus hesikpu \xe 'I am going to use my hand.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH \rf 90.641.3-642.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sununa \a sununà \a ʰununa \a ʰununà \ps v \ge begin \ge start \de to begin; to start \gn comenzar \dn comenzar \mr [] \cf nuna \ce to come from \cf sununanmu \ce start; beginning \xv 1. huksununa \xe 'I am going to begin.' \xv 2. hukʰsununa sukaqiwəwə \xe 'I am going to begin to swim.' \xv 3. hukisununa sukiyaqiwəwə \xe 'we 3+ are going to begin to swim.' \xv 4. huksununa suktałwaxa \xe 'I am going to begin to work.' \xv 5. no ʔan ksununa sukeqwel \xe 'I begin to do it.' \xv 6. no ʔan ksununawaš sukeqweł \xe 'I began to do it but did not do it.' \xv 7. hukʰsununa kʔuwe huksunuwus simexmey̓ \xe 'I am going to begin the baket using mexmey̓.' \xv 8. tskuma saʔawhay̓ kikasʰununa simusʔił hałtšquntštutukš heʔištəq \xe 'at the end of four months she was already begining to have no more wrinkles on her face.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.715; 60.621.1, 642.2-644.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sununanmu \ps n \ge start \ge beginning \de start; beginning \mr [] \cf nuna \ce to come from \cf sununa \ce to begin; to start \xv 1. kaneʔeʔé kašnowo kaneʔeʔé lokasununanmu \xe 'it was near to the beginning place that I stood.' \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.0644.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sununuy \ps v \ge soften smth \de to soften smth \gn ablandar \dn ablandar \mr [] \cf nunuy \ce to be soft \xv 1. huksununuy hesaʔaxwi \xe 'I am going to soften a buckskin' (by rubbing it over the top of an erected post, other things, or just standing talking and rubbing it between two hands). \sd senses \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.644.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sunupahani \ps v \ge renovate \de to renovate \gn renovar \dn renovar \mr [] \cf nupan \ce to have occurred recently; to be recent; to be new \xv 1. tsʰunupahani \xe 'he made it like new again' (said of the coat or cart). \xv 2. huksunupahani hekakʰkaleta \xe 'I am going to renovate my cart.' \sd verbs \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.645.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sunuq \ps v \ge carry on horseback \de to carry on horseback \cf ʔałtšunuqš \ce foreigner; white man; Spaniard \xv 1. husʰunuqit hesikawayù \xe 'this horse is going to carry me.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 90.642.2 \dt 02/Sep/2018 \lx sunuskuy \cf šunuškuy \ce to promise; to settle on/announce something before it happens; to set a date \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx supałyə \a supałyi \a ʰupałyi \a ʰupałyə \va (supałyi) \ps v \ge answer \de to answer \xv 1. kałtsupałyə \xe 'he answered.' \xv 2. kisʰupałyə lokawot \xe 'and the captain answered.' \xv 3. kʔuwe musʰupałyi xwetét \xe 'but Frog did not answer.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.646.2-4; Travels49 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx supałyi \cf supałyə \ce to answer \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx supap \ps v \ge carry smn/smth on one’s back \de to carry smn/smth on one’s back \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI supap ‘to give a ride to,’ INZ supap ‘to carry on the back’ (Whistler 1980: 28; SYBCI 2007: 323) \xv 1. no ʔan huksupap \xe 'I am going to carry [it] on back.' \xv 2. tsamsupapit \xe 'they carried me thus.' \xv 3. lokaxʔanwa ʔan tsʰupap lokaštałhəw \xe 'the woman carries the child on her back, the child’s arms about her neck and the child’s legs about her sides.' \xv 4. hukʰsupap lokakʰwopʰ \xe 'I carry my baby on my back.' \xv 5. loʔkataxama, ʔan takʰtəʔə̀š xaʔax ʔišuyuwatšəšì heʔisʔam̓am̓ə̀ ʔištəqʰšaʔàš, tšaqʰwin loʔisʰupap ʔištelèqʰ \xe 'the skunk is a showy animal — his body and color, the only trouble with him is that he throws his tail over his back.' \xv 6. no ʔan kʰqisə sipenew ʔits[ʰ]upapʰ lokaštałhəw, tsuwesmes heʔišni, šnutoqʔop loʔkašʰtete kapenew kikaskek kasakʰtenhesi kaloʔkatštałhəw ʔan tsakʰtenhesi \xe 'I saw a seal/sealion put her young one on her back, she put it across her nape, the mother seal/sealion dove and she emerges and blows and the young one blows.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 90.647.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx supaqpaq \ps v \ge move two things apart \de to move two things apart \mr [] \an šukumšaš \cf paqpaq \ce to be far apart \xv 1. no ʔan ksupaqpaq \xe 'I make them apart.' \sd verbs \sd positions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.646.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx supełwe \rd supsupełwe \ps v \ge pass the night \ge stay overnight \ge make stay overnight \de to pass the night; to stay overnight; to make stay overnight \mr [] \cf pełwe \ce to spend the night \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. no ʔan ksupełwe \xe 'I made her pass the night here.' \xv 2. tsamsupsupełwe \xe 'they slept many nights.' \xv 3. kʰsupełwe \xe 'I leave (clothes in the suds) until the next day.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg JPH \rf 90.648.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx supey \cf supey̓ \ce I. supey̓ (a certain hair style); hairnet II. to make a supey̓ (certain hair style) \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx supey̓ \a supey \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1985: 178 179). \cf šupeyitš \ce to wear supey̓ \cf tsupey̓ \ce band of buckskin or cloth going twice around the head 2 inches broad with beads sewn on \se I \ps n \ge supey̓ (a certain hair style) \ge hairnet \de supey̓ (a certain hair style); hairnet \ee The speaker had not seen this hair style, but the speaker accepted the word. \xv 1. hesiksupey \xe 'my supey.' \xv 2. tsʰupey \xe 'his supey.' \xv 3. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tšʔił ʔisupey \xe 'this man has a supey.' \se II \ps v \ge make a supey̓ (certain hair style) \ge supey̓ (certain hair style), make a \de to make a supey̓ (certain hair style) \xv 1. huksupey hesikʔoqwo \xe 'I am going to fix my hair into a supey.' \sd culture \sd body \lg JPH \rf 90.647.3-648.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx supəł \ps v \ge smear (?with pitch) \de to smear (?with pitch) \mr [] \xv 1. ksupəł \xe 'I smear it (?with pitch).' \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.649.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx supəx \ps v \ge impregnate \de to impregnate \mr [] \cf pəx \ce to be pregnant \xv 1. lokakatu ʔan tšuliʔiš səʔəqəy ʔan tsʰupəx kikanawa sʰukitwonwu lokaštałtałhəʔəw kikanawa siyʔaləhəy kikasiyiwon, ʔan tsiyʔip kikirimiyaaw, kikirimiyaw \xe 'the cat got a chicken and made her pregnant and when she gave birth to her young ones and they grew up and sang they sand kikirimiyaw.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.649.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx supəyəpəyə \a supəyəpəyə̀ \ps v \ge cause (the head) to shake \de to cause (the head) to shake \mr [] \cf pəyəpəyə \ce to shake one’s head \xv 1. no ʔan ksupəyəpəyə̀ hešikyəwəš \xe 'I shake my head.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.1087.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx supilitapus \ps vt \ge pour down/into \de to pour down/into \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \xv 1. kipsupilitapus soʔo \xe 'you pour the water down the spider’s hole.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd path \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.650.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx supiliy \ps v \ge cause to become stuck in smth \ge tar smth \de to cause to become stuck in smth; to tar smth \mr [] \cf piliy \ce to become stuck in smth \cf šupiliyaš \ce to be tarred over \xv 1. ksupiliy \xe 'I took [a man] and caused him to get stuck.' \xv 2. ksupiliywu \xe 'I made them stuck.' \xn 'los hice que se pegaran.' \xv 3. ksupiliy heʔismaʔam kimuhuswoqo sóʔò \xe 'I am going to tar the inside so that it will not leak.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.364.1, 649.4-650.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx supiłwut \ps v \ge make drip \ge drip, make \de to make drip \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv supiłwutpi \pde to make drop into \cf piłwut \ce to drip (through the atmosphere) \xv 1. ksupiłwut \xe 'I make it drip' (I drop a drop with a medicine dropper). \xv 2. ksupiłwutpi hesiptəq \xe 'I put (medicine) drop by drop in your eye.' \xv 3. lokaxʔanwa ʔan tsʰupiłwutpi ʔišʔapš loʔištu \xe 'the woman caused drops of something to fall into his ear.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.372.4, 650.3-651.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx supiwe \ps v \ge charge high prices \de to charge high prices \mr [] \cf piʔiw \ce to cost \cf piwetš \ce to be costly \xv 1. tsʰupiwe \xe 'he sells at high prices.' \xv 2. psupiwe \xe 'your prices are high.' \xv 3. ʔułyi ʔisʰupiwe \xe 'she is high priced.' \xv 4. no ʔan ksupiwe \xe 'I am high priced.' \xv 5. lokapakəwaš ʔan ʔałtsupiwe \xe 'that old man has high prices (at his store).' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.376.3-4, 651.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx supo \a supon \va (supon-) \ps vt \ge bit (a horse) \ge put in the mouth of \de to bit (a horse); to put in the mouth of \mr [] \cf po \ce cheek \xv 1. suponus losiplenu \xe 'I put the bit in' (the horses mouth). \xv 2. huksuponus hesikʰkawayu \xe 'I am going to put the bit in my horse’s mouth.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 90.652.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx supołkwowo \ps v \ge make a ball of smth \ge ball of smth, make a \de to make a ball of smth \mr [] \cf połkwowo \ce to be round; to be spheroid \xv 1. tsʰin lokašnuy kaspeʔey kinupan loʔisʔiko tsʰupołkwo tsʰuteqpey loʔisʔiko \xe 'it takes the pollen of the flower and it makes it into a ball and sticks it on its hip.' \xv 2. huksupołkwowo \xe 'I am going to make a round ball.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.653.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx supołwoyo \a supołwoyon \va (supołwoyon-) \ps v \ge make twist \ge twist, make \de to make twist \mr [] \cf połwoyo \ce to twist \cf woyo \ce to braid \xv 1. ksupołwoyonwu \xe 'I made him twist them.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.653.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx supowi \cf supʔowi \ce to place in a zig-zag pattern \sd variations \dt 19/Aug/2011 \lx supsupełwe \ps v \ge pass the night.REDUP \ge stay overnight.REDUP \ge make stay overnight.REDUP \de to pass the night.REDUP; to stay overnight.REDUP; to make stay overnight.REDUP \cf supełwe \ce to pass the night; to stay overnight; to make stay overnight \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx supʔowi \a supowi \a supowin \va (supowi, supowin-) \ps v \ge place in a zig-zag pattern \de to place in a zig-zag pattern \mr [] \cf powipowi \ce to be crooked; to be zig-zag; to be bent back and forth; to be chevron \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. no ʔan ksupʔowinwu \xe 'I place the stones in a zigzag form.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.652.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suqałkənəʔət \ps v \ge place in a circle \de to place in a circle \mr [] \cf kənəʔət \ce to go around; to put around \cf qałkənəʔət \ce to gather around; to surround (voluntarily) \xv 1. kisʰuqałkənəʔət \xe 'it places the leaves in a circle.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.0618.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suqapqap \ps v \ge make thin \ge thin, make \de to make thin \mr [] \xv 1. ksuqapqap \xe 'I make it thin.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.619.1 \dt 11/Feb/2018 \lx suqiłkuʔum \ps v \ge soak smth \de to soak smth \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf qiłkuʔum \ce to soak in water; to be soaked through \xv 1. ksuqiłkuʔum \xe 'I soaked it.' \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.619.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suqintʔum \ps v \ge close the eyes of \de to close the eyes of \mr [] \cf qintʔum \ce to close one's eyes \xv 1. hešaʔatʔaxatšʔ ʔan tšʔaqša lašalitəqitš lokaʔałʔaluštsʔəmətš kałtsuqintʔum \xe 'this man died with his eyes open, the undertaker came and shut his eyes.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.619.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suqlep \a suxlep \a suqʰlep \va (suxlep) \ps v \ge able, to be \de to be able \cf šehetš \ce to be able (?to lift) \xv 1. no ʔan ksuqlep \xe 'I can.' \xv 2. lokakikoko lokaʔałtsuqlep yəlaʔa \xe 'almighty father.' \xv 3. musisʰuqlep šušišʰušušušumiš lokašup \xe 'they [two] cannot pray to the shrine.' \xv 4. no ʔan ksuqlep sukeqweł \xe 'I can do it.' \xv 5. no ʔan ksuqlep suktaktə \xe 'I can kill it.' \xn 'yo puedo matarlo.' \xv 6. ulaksuqlep ʔan huktaktə kʔuwe muksuqlep kəwə ksuyaqša \xe 'I could kill [it] but I cannot because I am sick.' \xv 7. nayimukisuxlep hałpakeʔet hałkšʔap \xe 'we can no longer live in the same house.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd mode \lg JPH \rf 60.620.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suqnowowo \ps v \ge shorten \ge make short \ge short, make \de to shorten; to make short \mr [] \cf qnowowo \ce to be short \xv 1. huksuqnowowo \xe 'I am going to cut it shorter.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.622.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suqpey \ph sʊqʰpɛj \ps n \ge smth worn on the head \ge head, smth worn on the \de smth worn on the head \ee Harrington notes that his speaker never saw this particular item being worn. \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 90.623.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx suqpuy \ps v \ge wet smth/smn \ge pour onto \de to wet smth/smn; to pour onto \cf sukwey \ce to pour from one dish into another; to poison \xv 1. ksuqpuy \xe 'I pour out' (milk, into another dish). \xv 2. huksuqpuyił \xe 'I'm going to throw water on you.' \xv 3. huksuqpuy hesimasa \xe 'I am going to wet this dough.' \xv 4. huksuqpuy hesaʔalina \xe 'I wetted the flour.' \xv 5. ʔan hušuniwəš šilətši, kiqip šiquyiwaš salalina, kikaksuqpuypi lokaletšʔi (Ϟor kšuniwəš šilətši), no ʔan kšuniwəš lokamantekiya kalokaletši \xe 'I mixed milk (into the flour), I filled a dish with flour and poured some milk on or added some milk. I mixed butter and milk into the flour.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd water \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.623.2-624.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suquntinaʔał \a suquntinał \va (suquntinał-) \ps v \ge lengthen smth \ge throw far \de to lengthen smth; to throw far \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. ksuquntinaʔał \xe 'I lengthen it.' \xv 2. ksuquntinałwuʔu \xe 'I took them and threw them so that they fell some distance off.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd shape \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.625.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suquntipʔow \ps v \ge bend smth \de to bend smth \mr [] \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \cf quntipʔow \ce to be bent (?said of smth long) \xv 1. ksuquntipʔow \xe 'I bend it.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.625.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suquntiqnowowo \ps v \ge shorten smth \de to shorten smth \mr [] \cf qnowowo \ce to be short \xv 1. huksuquntiqnowowo heʔisʰintsʔaxpilił hekaktaliw \xe 'I am going to shorten my bowstring.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.624.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suquntitiyət \ps v \ge shorten smth by moving its two ends together \de to shorten smth by moving its two ends together \mr [] \cf tiyət \ce to move closer to \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. ksuquntityət \xe 'I shorten the string by untying one end of it and tying it again nearer to the other end of it and tying it again nearer to the other end or by tightening between ends of a bent stick.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.625.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suqʰalus \ps v \ge open smth \ge cause to open \de to open smth; to cause to open \mr [] \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \xv 1. ʔan lapsuqʰalus lokasʔiqip \xe 'you just open the door.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.626.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx susʔamha \a susamha \a šušamhà \a ʰusamha \ps v \ge sense (sight, hearing, taste, temperature) \de to sense (sight, hearing, taste, temperature) \gn sentir \dn sentir \mr [] \cf ʔamha \ce to sneak up upon; to spy upon (as in war) \cf aqniʔip \ce to have the taste of \cf aqsumu \ce to test smth; to try smth; to taste smth; to prove \xv 1. ksusamha \xe 'I perceive' (a sound, a sight, etc.). \xv 2. wašətš ʔisʰusamha \xe 'he has good senses.' \xv 3. ksusamha siʔipey̓ hesikʔəł \xe 'I feel cold in my feet.' \xv 4. losikʔelew ʔan kałtsusamha ʔišʔaqnipaʔaš \xe 'my tongue senses taste.' \xv 5. ksusamha laxulasyət łku \xe 'it seems to me that I hear someone coming.' \xv 6. musʔił lusʰusamha \xe 'nobody knew anything about it.' \xv 7. losikʔelew ʔan kałtsusamha ʔišʔaqnipaʔaš \xe 'my tongue senses taste.' \xv 8. musʔił lusʰusamha kikaskitwo lokaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'and without anyone perceiving her she set out from the rancheria.' \xv 9. tsʰusamha payikʔula məʔək hałtsyət hałku \xe 'he hears anybody coming far off.' \xv 10. ksusamha, kʔuwe mukpošotš huki \xe 'I am aware of some sound, but do not know what it is.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.289.4; 90.11.3, 663.4-665.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx susʔuw \ps v \ge force-feed \de to force-feed \mr [] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \xv 1. neʔeksusʔuw \xe 'I already made (the fish) bite' (can also be said of making a dog eat by force). \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.668.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx susamha \cf susʔamha \ce to sense (sight, hearing, taste, temperature) \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx susaqtipałyət \ps v \ge cause to suck up \ge suck up, cause \de to cause to suck up \mr [] \cf aqtipałyət \ce to suck (as from a straw); to draw towards \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. no ʔan ksusaqtipałyət hesipluma \xe 'I am making this (pen) suck' (I am filling this self-filling fountain pen). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.663.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx susexe \ps v \ge get rid of \de to get rid of \mr [] \cf exe \ce to finish (food); to finish up (food) \xv 1. huktaktəwu hesikʔəqəy pakpakeʔet kilakayukšušexenwu \xe 'I am going to kill off my chickens one by one until I get rid of them.' \xv 2. kəpə ʔan neʔemuksuyasinayiʔiy hałʔəqəy, tsiyʔuw siksələyət, tšiyušxaxš hekakʰintaštaʔaš, musʔił hałkaxkat kimusʔił lukałyikuswu \xe 'I am not going to keep chickens any longer, they eat my siembras and scratch up my plants and I have no swill to give them.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.666.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx susəʔəp \ps v \ge make carry on the back \ge carry on the back, make \de to make carry on the back \mr [] \cf səʔəp \ce to carry on the back; to carry in a carrying net on the back \xv 1. no ʔan huksusəʔəp hesikawayu \xe 'I am going to load this horse, pile load on his back.' \xv 2. kikasisinaywu šaʔałʔaliyaʔaš kaʔišupšuʔup, tšamuštipey šaʔatəwənəš lokaʔałhaputš kikasamsusəʔəp sikawayu \xe 'they put poisoned tallow balls along the trails on the hills, they poinsoned meat and carry it on a horse.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.666.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx susisawus \ps vt \ge make sweat \ge sweat, make \de to make sweat \mr [] \cf isawus \ce to sweat \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \xv 1. no ʔan tsapitsʔə hesikʔamamə ʔan tsamsusisawusit \xe 'I was sick with fever and they made me sweat.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.305.1; 90.341.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx susqawawha \a susqawawhan \a šušqawawhan \va (susqawawhan-, šušqawawhan-) \ps v \ge extend one’s arms straight out from the shoulder \de to extend one’s arms straight out from the shoulder \mr [] \cf qawawa \ce wing; fin \cf qawawaha \ce to be winged \xv 1. no ʔan tsamsusqawawhanit \xe 'I have my arms extended straight out from the shoulders.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd religion \sd Spanish \lg JPH \rf 90.103.1; 91.39.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sustakʰuy \ps v \ge give to carry \de to give to carry \mr [] \cf takʰuy \ce to hold (in the hands); to keep \xv 1. huksustakʰuyus \xe 'I am going to have him carry it.' \xv 2. huksustakʰuyił hešimeš \xe 'I am going to give you this pencil to carry in your hand.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 90.667.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx susumun \ps v \ge sic on \de to sic on \mr [] \cf šušumutš \ce to tell that one will say \xv 1. ksusmun \xe 'I command [the dog[ to bite [the man].' \xv 2. huksusumun heʔištəʔəniwaš kištitap lokakawayu \xe 'I am going to sic my dog [on] that horse to chase him away.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.667.4-668.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx susuyamiš \cf šušuyamiš \ce to want to cry.REDUP \sd reduplications \dt 30/Aug/2011 \lx susʰakałhaha \a susakałhaʔa \va (susakałhaʔa) \ps v \ge open smn’s mouth wide \de to open smn’s mouth wide \mr [] \cf akałhaha \ce to be gaping \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \cf sakałhaha \ce to open one's mouth (wide) \xv 1. no ʔan ksusʰakałhaha \xe 'I open his mouth wide.' \xv 2. musʰakałhaʔa \xe 'he did not open his mouth.' \xv 3. tsamsusakałhaʔa \xe 'they have to open his mouth.' \sd verbs \sd body \rf 90.494.3, 662.4-663.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx sutapət \ps v \ge put up \ge turn up (said of light) \de to pull up; to turn up (said of light) \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf šutapətš \ce to pull up \xv 1. huksutapət \xe 'I turn the lamp up a little' (said of adjusting wick of burning lamp). \xv 2. huksutapət hesikpantalon \xe 'I am going to pull my pants up higher' (okay, means also to pull bases of pants up to cross mud puddle). \sd verbs \sd position \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.93.3. 669.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sutapəti \ps v \ge run uphill \de to run uphill \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \xv 1. ksutapəti \xe 'I go running uphill.' \xv 2. tsʰutapəti \xe 'he goes running up hill.' \sd verbs \sd geography \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.669.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sutapi \a sutapin \va (sutapin-) \ps v \ge put through \ge put into \de to put into; to put through \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv sutapiniʔiy \pde to put into.REP; to put through.REP \cf maxsutapi \ce to drag into; to pull into \cf sutapinwunmu \ce corral \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \cf wisutapi \ce to drive a stake into \xv 1. huksutapi hesikʔułya hesikʔaniyu \xe 'I am going to put my ring on.' \xv 2. hukʰnipʔow huksutapi heʔištək \xe 'I put butt end of feather back and insert.' \xv 3. tsamsutapi sipon̓ \xe 'they stick the stick inside' (the house or anywhere) (said of putting firewood in the kitchen). \xv 4. huksutapi hešikwaštap \xe 'I am going to put on my bracelet.' \xv 5. huksutapi hesinə kuhukaqʰkəyəmi \xe 'I am going to straighten this stick in the fire.' \xv 6. huksutapi hesoʔołno \xe 'I am going to put (the bread) in the oven.' \xv 7. ʔałtsutapinit \xe 'he put it in me [his penis].' \xv 8. huksutapinił \xe 'I am going to put it in you.' \xv 9. ksutapinwu \xe 'I put them inside' (the chickens in the chickencoop). \xv 10. ksutapi hemaʔam \xe 'I put it inside' (as in a room). \xv 11. tsʰapitsʰə lokasʔeqenmu, kinupan tsaqsumu niwašətš ʔan munašwašətš kišʰutapiniʔiy hesinə kikasitete \xe 'he heats the horseshoe and tries it on and if it does not yet fit well he heats it again and hammers it.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.296.4; 90.670.1-673.3 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx sutapinwunmu \ps n \ge corral \de corral \ee Literally ‘place where they are kept in.’ \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \cf sutapi \ce to put into; to put through \xv 1. hukoxpotus hesikʰawayu lokasutapinwunmu kakawayu \xe 'I am going to turn the horse loose in the corral.' \xv 2. lokasinowonmu kakawayu \xe 'where the horses go.' \xv 3. lokasutapinmuniyuw \xe 'where they shut us in.' \sd animals \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.673.4-674.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sutayi \ps v \ge respect \ge put respect in \de to respect; to put respect in \mr [] \cf ʔałtšutayitš \ce respectable person \cf šutayiš \ce to be delicate; to be respected \cf tayi \ce to respect smn/smth \xv 1. ksutayi lošaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I resepct that man.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksutayinił \xe 'I respect you.' \xv 3. ʔałšutayitš \xe 'he is respectable.' \xv 4. tšʰutayiš losixaʔax ʔišup \xe 'the shrine is much respected.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.44.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suteqe \ps v \ge move further from oneself \de to move further from oneself \mr [] \an sutiyət \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf teqe \ce to be further from oneself \xv 1. lohuksuteqe \xe 'I move it further from myself.' \sd verbs \sd directions \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.674.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suteqpey \ps v \ge hitch/connect (as in when attaching a wagon to horses) \ge glue to \ge connect (as in when attaching a wagon to horses) \de to hitch/connect (as in when attaching a wagon to horses); to glue to \mr [] \cf maxsuteqpey \ce to follow behind (by nature of being connected to) \cf qałtsuteqpey \ce to tie together so as to close a space between two items \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \cf wisuteqpey \ce to make adhere by blows; to nail to \xv 1. huksuteqpeyw hesikʰkawayu \xe 'I am going to hitch up my horses.' \xv 2. huksuteqpey hesikʰkawayu hesikarru \xe 'I am going to hitch into the wagon, hitch up.' \xv 3. huksuteqpey hesipapeł hesilamesa \xe 'I am going to paste this paper to the table.' \xv 4. no ʔan ksuteqpey hesipapeł hesilamesa \xe 'I stick this paper to the table.' \xv 5. ksuteqpey hesipapeł hesitsʔiwis \xe 'I stick this paper label on this rattle.' \xv 6. tsamsuteqpey siquyiwaš lokapeyeš kaypi kimuhušušaktəʔəš \xe 'they stick a cora on a mortar so that the meal will not be lost.' \xv 7. tsʰin lokašnuy kaspeʔey kinupan tsʰupołkwowo, tsʰuteqpey loʔisʔiko \xe 'it takes the pollen of the flower and makes it into a ball and sticks it on its hip.' \xv 8. wašwašətš simula ʔisamsuteqpeywu sikarru tšitaxtaxšətš ʔan ʔiʔałʔałxuxani lapayikʔulahuki ʔan tšiyoxonišpi, tšiyoxonišpi hesuʔutʔam \xe 'mules are good when hitched to wagons but they are afraid of everything, are afraid of the water.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.237.2; 90.674.4-676.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sutikay \ps v \ge hide smth \de to hide smth \mr [] \cf utikay \ce to hide oneself \xv 1. nełpsutikayit lokakaqmiłaʔaš? \xe 'where did you hide my drinking cup?' \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.681.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sutikum \ps vt \ge get near \ge put near \de to get near; to put near \gn arrimar \dn arrimar \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \xv 1. mupsutikumus hesikʔap ! \xe 'don't come near to my house!' \xv 2. huksutikumus hesinəkuhušuxtišaw \xe 'I am going to bring closer the chicken near to the fire so that it will be warm.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.681.3-682.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sutinapay \ps v \ge change the upright position of smth \ge upright position smth, change the \de to change the upright position of smth \ee As is said of changing the position of a knife on a table. \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \xv 1. sutinapay ! \xe 'change its position!' \xv 2. ksutinapay, loksuteqe \xe 'I move this (paper) from here, I put it over there' (at the other end of the table). \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.137.4; 94.361.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sutinay̓ \ps v \ge put in a cradle (said of a baby) \de to put in a cradle (said of a baby) \mr [] \cf ʔutʔinay̓ \ce baby (of breast) \cf utinay̓itš \ce to be in a cradle; to be fastened to a cradle \xv 1. huksutinay̓ hesiktałhəw \xe 'I am going to put my baby offspring in a cradle.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.684.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sutinəʔəp \ps v \ge move smth/smn from one place to another \de to move smth/smn from one place to another \mr [] \sy sutiwuy \cf tinəʔəp \ce to move from one place to another \xv 1. huksutinəʔəp hesaʔap \xe 'I am going to move this house' (from one lot to another). \xv 2. huksutinəʔəp loʔkakʔami \xe 'I am going to move my brother from here.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.684.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sutipey \ps v \ge add to \de to add to \mr [] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf tipey \ce to be pressed against \xv 1. huksutipey ʔisewoya hesaʔalos \xe 'I am going to add onions to the rice and mix them together.' \xv 2. huksuteqpey hesikʰkawayu hesikarru \xe 'I am going to hitch into the wagon, hitch up' (consultant heard this said). \xv 3. kʰkeeqweł saʔaxwi huksutipey lokaʔutinay \xe 'I am cutting a buckskin to put on the cradle.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.685.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sutipʔow \ps v \ge bend quickly \de to bend quickly \mr [] \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. ksutipʔow \xe 'I bend it quickly' ; 'I give it a quick bend.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.685.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sutiqip \ps v \ge plug \ge fill \de to plug; to fill \mr [] \sy ulqip \cf iqip \ce to fill; to be full \cf šutiqipəʔəš \ce caulking \cf utiqip \ce to fill \xv 1. huksutiqip \xe 'I am going to plug' (a knot-hole or other small hole). \xv 2. huksutiqip lokaswał \xe 'I am going to plug the hole.' \xv 3. no ʔan huksutiqip lokatšʔeq \xe 'I am going to caulk this crack.' \xv 4. neʔešiyutiqipš ʔiswałwaʔał siyop \xe 'it is already plugged with tar.' \xv 5. ikšit lokatasa kałʔiyutiqipš ʔiswałwaʔał ! \xe 'give me the plugged-hole shell!' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.682.2-683.3; 91.46.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sutiqlay \ps v \ge cause to slip \de to cause to slip \mr [] \cf utiqlay \ce to slip \xv 1. ksutiqlay \xe 'I push a person or in some other way make him slip down.' \xv 2. no ʔan kutiqlay \xe 'I slip down (as on a banana peal).' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.683.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sutiwuy \ps v \ge transplant smth/smn \de to transplant smth/smn \mr [] \sy sutinəʔəp \cf tiwuy \ce to relocate oneself \xv 1. ksutiwuy \xe 'I move (a house) from' (one street to another) ; 'I transplant' (a plant, move a corpse to another cemetry, etc. \xv 2. neʔesamsutiwuywaš \xe 'they already moved it.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.687.2; 91.202.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sutixutiwəwə \ps v \ge hurry, be in a \ge hurry, cause to be in a \de to be in a hurry; to cause to be in a hurry \ee Note that this word means to cause someone else to hurry when there is an object suffix. \mr [] \sy uxniwəwə \cf iwəwə \ce to quiver; to palpitate \cf xutiwəwə \ce to hurry oneself \xv 1. nełtšnehet kipsuxniwəwənit ? \xe 'why do you cause me to be in a hurry?' \xv 2. kinełšnehet kilapsutixutiwəwə \xe 'why are you in a hurry?' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.686.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sutiyam \a sutiy̓am \va (sutiy̓am) \ps v \ge lower \de to lower \mr [] \cf tiyam \ce to sink (down) \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. ksutiyam \xe 'I lowered' (my coat from a peg on the wall to one lower down). \xv 2. ksutiyam \xe 'I put (my hat) down over my eyes.' \xv 3. tsʰinowo heʔišteleq kikawa sʰutiyam \xe 'he raised and lowers his tail.' \xv 4. huksutiyam \xe 'I turn the lamp down a little' (so it will give less light). \sd verbs \sd locations \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.677.1-678.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sutiyək \ps v \ge put inside \ge fill \ge put on (said of food on a dish) \de to put inside; to fill; to put on (said of food on a dish) \mr [] \cf utiyək \ce to be contained in; to be inside \xv 1. ksutiyək \xe 'I put it in.' \xv 2. kikasisutiyək lokatomoł \xe 'and they put it into the boat.' \xv 3. lašəhəʔən ʔišʰutiyək hekasplatu \xe 'he puts too much food on his plate.' \xv 4. huksutiyək hesikaleta \xe 'I am going to load this cart.' \xv 5. huksutiyək hesitomoł \xe 'I am going to load this canoe.' \xv 6. huki lupʔalsutiyək ? \xe 'in what did you put it?' \xv 7. no ʔan huksutiyək hešikmeš \xe 'I am going to put it in my bag here.' \xv 8. huksutiyək (Ϟhukapšək) šaʔałtšum hešikmeš \xe 'I am going to put money into my leather purse.' \xv 9. lašinunašəši ʔisiyʔuwlilo, kilašiyušʰo hesiplatu musiyeqe \xe 'the people are eating their meal like so many animals, they leave it on their plates, they do not eat it up clean.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd common \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.678.3-680.3; 91.516.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sutiyət \ps v \ge move nearer to oneself \de to move nearer to oneself \mr [] \an suteqe \cf tiyət \ce to move closer to \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. huksutiyət \xe 'I move it nearer' (to where I am). \xv 1. heksutiyətwuʔu \xe 'I move them nearer.' \xv 3. tsamsutiyətus \xe 'they moved it closer to me.' \xv 4. tsʰutiyətił lokaʔəw (Ϟor tsʰutikumił lokaʔəw) \xe 'he put the knife over near you.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH;TJPH \rf 90.680.4-681.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx sutiy̓am \cf sutiyam \ce to lower \sd variations \dt 23/Jul/2018 \lx sutoqoqo \ps v \ge make bend at the knees \ge bend at the knees, make \de to make bend at the knees \mr [] \cf toqoqo \ce to bend one’s knees as sharply as possible \xv 1. tsʰutoqoqonit \xe 'it or he made me bend my knees as sharp as one can.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.688.1; 91.206.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sutuhuy \ps v \ge cause rain \ge rain, cause \ge make rain \ge rain, make \de to cause rain; to make rain \mr [] \cf ʔałsutuhuy \ce small bird species \cf tuhuy1 \ce I. rain II. to rain \xv 1. tsʰutuhuy \xe 'he makes it rain.' \xv 2. ʔałsutuhuy \xe 'he who makes it rain.' \sd verbs \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.688.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx sutsʔəʔəʔə \ps v \ge burn (sting) more than \de to burn (sting) more than \mr [] \cf tsʔə \ce to be spicy; to be hot (as is said of food); to burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \xv 1. kałtsʔə ʔišiyʔuwš kilakaʔawexa ʔan mulasutsʔəʔəʔə \xe 'it stings worse than the bee.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.689.1 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx suw \ps v \ge poison \de to poison \mr [] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \xv 1. huksuwus šaʔatəšwənəš \xe 'I am going to gave him some poison to eat.' \xv 2. tsamsuwuswu šaʔatəšwənəš siqʔonon kišiyaqša ʔan tšʔiyuxš \xe 'they poison rats and they die and stink.' \xv 3. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə saʔalaxəwəł hemitsqanaqan yəlaʔa heʔišup, kasiməy ʔan ʔəhənwaš, latšʔilitš kisiyamtiʔiy šaʔapʰanəšmu, kałʔəhəʔəʔə šałʔisuwuswu šaʔatəšwənəš kilokalamwəłwu ʔan katanimitʔi \xe 'in early times there were lots of coyotes at Ventura in the hills and there were lots of wolves, sometimes they came down to the town, the people poisoned more than they shot.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.709.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwakʔay \ps v \ge set down \de to set down \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv suwkʔaypi \pde to set down.APL.LOC \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \xv 1. ksuwakʔay \xe 'I set it' (said of putting something on top of something else). \xv 2. ʔiti kayuksuwakʔay \xe 'I am going to set it down on this' (said of bundle of wood on the ground). \xv 3. ksuwakʔaywunpi sikaxon \xe 'I set it on a box.' \xv 4. tsamsuwakʔapi silamesa lokašaqšanutš \xe 'they had the corpse placed on top of a table.' \xv 5. lokaʔaxunpes ʔan tsʰuwakʔaywu lokaštum hesoʔo kasiyeqwełtšəši ʔiskontskoniʔin \xe 'the mosquitos lay their eggs on the surface of the water and the eggs turn into worms.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.692.4-694.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suwał \rd suwałwał \ps v \ge make a hole in \ge hole in, make a \de to make a hole in \mr [] \cf wał \ce I. hole; piercing II. to have a hole; to be pierced \xv 1. ksuwał \xe 'I make a hole.' \xv 2. ksuwałwał \xe 'I make many holes.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.695.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suwalaʔap \ps v \ge wash up smth \ge cast ashore \de to wash up smth; to cast ashore \mr [] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf maxsuwalaʔap \ce to toe ashore \cf walaʔap \ce to land; to go ashore \xv 1. tsʰuwalaʔap hesimuswu \xe 'the sea cast it ashore' (said of any beach drift). \xv 2. loʔkatšumtšumàš laʔkʰan ʔišiyuštəł sipaxàt šaʔalaqʰšà kʔùwe tsisuwakaʔàp \xe 'the Cruzeño, when they see a dead whale, they bring it ashore.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.696.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwałkinomnomoy \ps v \ge roll smth around \de to roll smth around \ee No non reduplicated form given. \mr [] \cf kinomoy \ce to turn around \xv 1. ʔəhəʔəʔə kisʰuwałkinomnomoywu lokaʔikmen̓ \xe 'there are lots of them, so that the waves roll them around.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.696.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwałwał \ps v \ge make a hole in.REDUP \de to make a hole in.REDUP \cf suwał \ce to make a hole in \sd reduplications \dt 13/Dec/2010 \lx suwamitʔiʔin \rd suwamitmitʔiʔin \ps v \ge use consonant diminutivism \ge consonant diminutivism, use \de to use consonant diminutivism \ee Notice the preference for using the reduplicated form. \mr [] \cf mitʔi \ce to be small; to be young; to be small in quantity or intensity \cf mitʔiʔiʔi \ce to be very little in amount or intensity \xv 1. tsʰuwamitʔiʔin \xe 'he uses consonant diminutivism.' \xv 2. tsʰumitmitʔiʔin ʔišałhaš \xe 'he puts it very exquisitely' (said of Coyote using consonant diminutivism). \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.696.3 \dt 22/Jun/2019 \lx suwapəy \ps v \ge toss on basket tray (said of tossing seeds) \de to toss on basket tray (said of tossing seeds) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv šuwapəš \pde to toss (said of tossing seeds).IPFV \cf šuwapəyəš \ce to be tossed (said of grain tossed in a basket) \xv 1. ksuwapəy \xe 'I toss the seed on the basket tray' (to clean them). \xv 2. no ʔan huksuwapəy \xe 'I am going to toss seeds on basket tray' (to separate chaff and dirt). \xv 3. neʔešʰuwapəš lokatiliwu \xe 'she is already tossing wheat on the basket.' \sd verbs \sd basketry \sd food \lg JPH \rf 90.696.4-698.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwaqmay \ps v \ge reject \ge want, not \de to reject; to want not \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv šuwaqmaš \pde to reject.IPFV; to want not.IPFV \cf axmay \ce to trespass against \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. ksuwaqmayus \xe '[you give me a thing and] I do not want it.' \xv 2. ksuwaqmayus lokanaranxa \xe 'I refused or did not want the orange [that you offered me].' \xv 3. tšikšit lokanaranxa ʔan ksuwaqmayus \xe 'he gave me the orange, but I did not want it.' \xv 4. kay ʔulawə kʰšuwaqʰmaš ʔan naštəəə hukiqisə heʔišup kaštə tšixipʰš \xe 'if only I had not rejected [it], we would have seen the world be more perfect and beautiful.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.586.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwaqniʔił \a ʰuwaqniʔił \ps v \ge audible, be clearly \de to be clearly audible \ee Note that all the examples use a negated form of the this verb. \mr [] \cf ʔił \ce to exist \cf aqniʔił \ce to be visible; to be clear; to remain \xv 1. lamusʰuwaqniʔił \xe 'he can’t hear it' ; 'he can’t understand what he’s saying.' \xv 2. no ʔan muksuwaqniʔił \xe 'I do not talk loud or so none can hear me because something is the matter wth my vocal chords' (said by man who talks faint). \xv 3. lamusʰuwaqniʔił ʔisoxokonono lokaʔalušʔeš \xe 'the badger snores very faintly.' \xv 4. tsaqtsum lokamakał, musʰuwaqniʔił \xe 'when the bat chrips, one can barely hear it.' \xv 5. tsaqʰtsʔum kʔùwe tsqeyepì; musʰuwaqʰniʔìł mukiyitàqʰ \xe 'it [the bat] chirps and it is very weak; it is not clearly audible, we do not hear it.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.695.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suwaskə \ps v \ge hang out \ge hang up \ge to tender \de to hang out; to hang up; to tender \xv 1. huksuwaskə hesaʔas \xe 'I am going to hang out this mat.' \xv 2. hekakʔalaskə kuksuwaskə \xe 'I am going to hang up my pack.' \xv 3. ksuwasənus lokaqunup \xe 'I spread a mat for the young boy.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.699.2-670.1l; WeirA3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwasuwa \ps n \ge female bear \ge bear, female \de female bear \ee Also said to denote a species of bear bigger than the common bear, that lives only in the mountains over by ͽtášololo. \cf xus \ce bear; male bear \cf yeš \ce bear cub \sd animals \sd mammals \lg JPH \rf 71.715.1-2; 88.280.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suwatama \a suwataman \va (suwataman-) \ps v \ge talk into smn’s ear \de to talk into smn’s ear \cf šuwatamatš \ce to speak secrets \xv 1. tsʰuwatamanit \xe 'he talk into my ear.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.700.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx suwatinoqš \ps v \ge break by jerking \de to break by jerking \ee Harrington lists this as the correct form. However, he only lists examples lacking sibilant harmony in the causative prefix. \mr [] \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \cf watinoqš \ce to stop raining \xv 1. huksuwatinoqš \xe 'I am going to break it by a jerk.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.701.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suwatiqip \ps v \ge slam (a door) \de to slam (a door) \mr [] \xv 1. suwatiqip \xe 'shut the door quick!' \xv 2. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tskitwo ʔałyułtʔuł kisʰuwatiqip \xe 'the man went out mad and slammed the door.' \xv 3. kʔipus lokaʔatʔaxatš kimuhušnikʔotiʔiyiti \xe 'I told him to never come back here any more.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.700.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suwatšʔə \cf šuwatšʔə \ce to scream; to give out a cry \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwaxaʔax \ps v \ge sound deep (as when speaking or otherwise vocalizing) \de to sound deep (as when speaking or otherwise vocalizing) \mr [] \cf xaʔax \ce to be big; to be fat; to be large; to be thick \xv 1. tsʰuwaxaʔax ʔišałhaš = ksuwaxaʔax sikałhaš \xe 'I speak thickly.' \xv 2. tsisuwaxaʔax ʔisiyiwon lokaməy, tšiyalułkuwitš ʔisywon \xe 'the wolves had a low-pitched resonant sound.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.698.3-699.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwaxexew̓ \ps v \ge somewhat hoarse, be \ge hoarse, be somewhat \de to be somewhat hoarse \mr [] \cf xexew \ce to be hoarse \xv 1. tsʰuwaxexew \xe 'it is not too hoarse.' \xv 2. loʔkasiwontšəʔəš loʔkaʔanatʔam̓àm ʔan tseqʰpeyùs lokaswelexmen kapon̓ lamuhusxaʔàx loʔkapon̓, tsapaqʰskʔəy kaʔis[ʰ]uwaxexéw̓ \xe 'the noise of the raccoon resembles the falling over of a tree, only a tree that is not so big, it creaks like [wood in] a fire but not so harsh [lit., somewhat hoasrse].' \sd verbs \sd language \sd animals \sd body \lg TJPH \rf 71.877.2; 90.447.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwaya \a ʰuwaya \a suway̓a \a suwayan \va (suway̓a, suwayan-) \mr [] \cf alisuwaya \ce to raise smth \cf šuwayanitš \ce to wear earrings \cf tikusuwaya \ce to raise slightly \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \se I \ps n \ge earring \de earring \xv 1. hesiksuway̓a \xe 'my earrings.' \se II \ps v \ge hang smth \ge raise in the air \ge put earrings on smn \de to hang smth; to raise in the air; to put earrings on smn \xv 1. huksuwaya \xe 'I am going to hang it up' (on a nail). \xv 2. huksuwaya \xe 'I am going to lift' (this box). \xv 3. huksuwayanus \xe 'I am going to put earrings on the girl.' \xv 4. tsamsuwaya (Ϟor tsamsałhay) \xe 'when they lift it.' \xv 5. huksałhay, huksuwaya \xe 'I am going to lift it from the floor, I am going to lift it high.' \xv 6. laksuwaya hesikʔitškʔə \xe 'I merely hung my g-string on in front [do not pass between my legs].' \xv 7. huksuwaya hesaʔaxwu ʔiti ʔišluqay \xe 'I am going to hang this clothing on the fork.' \xv 8. huksuwaya hesʔoya hesinə \xe 'I am going to put this olla over the fire.' \xv 9. kikasʰuwaya lokaspala kiswəpʰpi kiswatipkʔes \xe 'and she raised the spade and hit it and squashed it.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd common \lg TJPH \rf 90.689.4-.692.1; 91.51.3; WeirA3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwayanitš \cf šuwayanitš \ce to wear earrings \sd variations \dt 05/Mar/2011 \lx suwayop \ps v \ge beg permission of smn \de to beg permission of smn \xv 1. tsisuwayopuswu lokapałpaliʔi neʔesisuyakitwo kuhusisinay ʔisilanlantšuʔu, kuhusisinay šaʔałhaputš kasikawayu \xe 'they begged permission from the priests that they wanted to leave and put farms and have cattle and horses.' \sd verbs \sd manners \lg TJPH \rf 89.736.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suweleqe \ps v \ge move smth/smn to one side \de to move smth/smn to one side \mr ?[] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf weleqe \ce I. to move aside; to go aside II. to move back away from \xv 1. lahesuweleqenwu ! \xe 'make them go to one side of the road!' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.702.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suwelewele \ps v \ge wave smth \ge shake smth \ge wag smth \ge sway smth \de to wave smth; to shake smth; to wag smth; to sway smth \mr [] \sy səyəyə \cf ipok \ce to shake smth \cf wele \ce to stir \cf welewele \ce to sway back and forth \xv 1. ksuwelewele hesikpu \xe 'I wave my arm.' \xv 2. tsʰuwelewele heʔišteleq \xe 'it wags its tail.' \xv 3. huksuwelewele \xe 'I am going to shake him' (said of shaking a child). \xv 4. tsʰuwelewele saʔaqtəwəw \xe 'the wind sways [the barley].' \xv 5. tsʰuwelewele heʔišteleq \xe 'he wags his tail.' \xv 6. ksuwelewele \xe 'I am shaking it' (a fruit tree).' \xv 7. ksuwelewele kuhisyapiyam lokatəpk \xe 'I am going to shake to make the walnuts fall.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.702.4-704.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwesmes \ps v \ge make traverse \ge traverse, make \ge put across \de to make traverse; to put across \mr [] \cf kasuwesmes \ce to cut lengthwise \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf qulusuwesmes \ce to move smth lengthwise \cf wesmes \ce to be traversed \xv 1. huksinay ʔiti ʔišliyək hukʰsuwesmes \xe 'I am going to put one stick crosswise across the conter of another stick in shape of a cross.' \xv 2. loʔisiwemu hesəʔəqəy ʔan tsamsuqesmeswu sipon̓ kikasiwe hesəʔəqəy kesiyalinowo \xe 'at the chickenhouse they pule poles across from them to sleep.' \xv 3. hukuniyew sixalu sixaʔax kihuksuwesmes sipon̓, kihusiałpali siqʔonon, kihusiyapiyam, husiyiwałtapi hesixalu \xe 'I hunt a big can and traverse a stick and the rats go across it and fall in.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.704.3-705.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwetsʔek \ps v \ge spread smn's legs \de to spread smn's legs \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce to crack; to split \cf wetsʔeq \ce to spread one's legs \xv 1. losixʔanwa ʔan ksuwetsʔek \xe 'I spread this woman’s legs apart.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.664.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suweyep \ps vt \ge ask for permission \de to ask for permission \mr [] \xv 1. ksuweyepus \xe 'I asked for permission from him.' \xv 2. huksuweyepił \xe 'I am going to ask you for permission.' \sd verbs \sd mode \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.702.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suwheł \a suheł \a šuheł \va (suheł, šuheł-) \ps v \ge birth \ge give birth to \de to birth; to give birth to \xv 1. no ʔan huksuheł \xe 'I am going to bear a child.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksuheł \xe 'I gave birth to a child.' \xv 3. munatsʰuheł \xe 'she has not given birth to the child yet.' \xv 4. ksuwheł siqʔanwa \xe 'I gave birth to a girl.' \xv 5. tsʔoyonus lokaʔałtsuheł \xe 'he was assisting the woman who was giving birth to the child.' \xv 6. hukuštałnaʔał saʔałtsuwheł \xe 'I am going to assist this woman who is giving birth to a child.' \xv 7. lakʰan tsinelahusʰuwheł simula ʔan hušaqšani ʔiti ʔišup \xe 'when a mule gives birth, the world will end.' \xv 8. yəlaʔa hesitaktaktəʔəš ʔan tsisuwheł kilakəkš lokamula kałmusʰuwheł \xe 'the mule is the only animal that does not give birth.' \xv 9. yəlaʔa hesitaktaktəʔəš ʔan tšʔiqałkənəʔət xesus kristo kisiyenhespi kilakəkš lokamula kałmuštiyət tšipipšoš kismaqutinaʔał \xe 'all the animals got in a circle around Jesus Christ and warmed him but the mule alone did not draw near, he was he was puffing or snorting and he went away.' \xv 10. kaneʔeʔałtšuhełwaš lokašʰatiwə \xe 'And after his wife had given birth to a child.' \xv 11. ʔałsuwheł \xe 'a woman who bear children; woman in labor.' \xv 12. kaneʔeʔałtšuhełwaš lokašʰatiwə \xe 'and after his wife had given birth to a child.' \xv 13. huki hałštałhəw ? \xe 'what did she give birth to (a boy or girl) ?' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd common \lg JPH \rf 90.705.3-707.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwoloyi \ps v \ge topple smth \ge fell \de to topple smth; to fell \ee Note the example ͽtsuwoloyi ͽsipon̓, where the initial affricate should be aspirated. It is unclear why this is so, as Harrington also notes it. \mr [] \cf ʔoyi \ce to be to one side; to be twisted; to be crooked \cf woloyi \ce to fall over (as is said of a tree) \xv 1. huksuwoloyi \xe 'I will make (the tower) fall over' \xv 2. no ʔan huksuwoloyi \xe 'I am going to topple' (this tree). \xv 3. tsuwoloyi sipon̓ \xe 'he fells a tree.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.708.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suwoqo \ps v \ge strain (food) \de to strain (food) \gn colar (comida) \dn colar (comida) \mr [] \cf woqo2 \ce to drip (individual drops) \xv 1. huksuwoqo hekakiwex \xe 'I am straining.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.708.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suwotoqloʔop \ps v \ge turn over \de to turn over \mr [] \xv 1. kanawa šitšoho heʔismaʔam ki samsuwotoqloʔop kisamaxipe heʔismət \xe 'when they finish the inside they turn it over and work the outside.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \rf Tomol19 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suwsuwatšʔə \cf šuwšuwatšʔə \ce to scream.REDUP; to give out a cry.REDUP \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suxaʔał \a suxał \a ʰuxał \va (suxał-) \ps v \ge throw out(doors) \de to throw outdoors \mr [] \cf xaʔał \ce to fall (to a location) \xv 1. lohuksuxaʔał \xe 'I am going to throw it outdoors' (cannot omit the ͽlo-). \xv 2. lokaksuxaʔał siqasqas \xe 'I kick it out over there where the dry sand is.' \xv 3. kinełpsuxaʔał ? \xe 'where did you throw it?' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd locations \lg JPH \rf 90.653.1-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suxaʔax \rd suxaxax \ps v \ge enlarge \de to enlarge \mr [] \cf xaʔax \ce to be big; to be fat; to be large; to be thick \xv 1. tsʰuxaʔax \xe 'he made it big.' \xv 2. ksuxaxaxwuʔu \xe 'I make them big.' \xv 3. ksuxaʔax \xe 'I make it big.' \xv 4. ksuxaxʔaʔax \xe 'I made it big.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.653.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suxaxax \a suxaxʔaʔan \va (suxaxʔaʔan-) \ps v \ge enlarge.REDUP \de to enlarge.REDUP \cf suxaʔax \ce to enlarge \sd reduplications \dt 14/May/2013 \lx suxes \ps v \ge take the blankets off of (smn) \de to take the blankets off of (smn) \ee It is unclear how specific this verb is. It may only indicate removing a covering from smn/smth. \xv 1. ksuxes \xe 'I took the blankets off of him' (he was lying in bed). \xv 2. ksuxesus lokaʔatʔaxatš lokasʔalaxwi \xe 'I took the blankets off of the man.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 90.654.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suxəpʰə \ps v \ge pave \de to pave \mr [] \cf aktisuxəpʰə \ce to come to pave \cf xəp \ce stone \cf xəpʰə \ce to be rocky; to be stoney \sd verbs \rf Pico 1888: 35 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suxilapət \ps v \ge look up, make smn \ge make smn look up \ge tilt smn’s head up \de to make smn look up; to tilt smn’s head up \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf xilapət \ce to look up; to tilt one’s head up \xv 1. ksuxilapət \xe 'I take hold of his head and turn his head upwards so he looks up.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.654.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suxlep \cf suqlep \ce to be able \sd variations \dt 02/Dec/2012 \lx suxmen \rd suxsuxmen \ps v \ge break (said of waves) \de to break (said of waves) \ee Notice that the third person ͽts- does not always aspirate. \cf xmen \ce to fall apart; to fall over \xv 1. tsʰuxmen \xe 'the wave breaks' (said of waves breaking on the shore). \xv 2. tsʰuxmenpi siʔikmen̓ lokaxəp \xe 'the wave breaks on top of the rock.' \xv 3. neesʰuxmen kayusaputinikʔoy \xe 'the wave breaks and then draws back.' \xv 4. lokałtsuxsuxmenpi kasiyʔap \xe 'he lives in the surf.' \xv 5. lokasʰuxsuxmen kaʔikmen \xe 'the surf.' \xv 6. tsuxmenpiyit \xe 'the wave broke over me.' \sd water \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.468.2, 654.4-656.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suxni \ps v \ge chase away \ge scare away \de to chase away; to scare away \mr [] \cf uxni \ce to forsake; to leave; to desert; of movement from \xv 1. kikasʰuxniwu lokatšotšonəʔəš \xe 'it chased or scared away all the fish.' \xv 2. kʰan ʔisiqisə šaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tsiyuleqpeyus kisiyaxiteqpey heʔismət, kikasʰuxsuxniwu \xe 'when they see a man they follow after him and stick themselves all over his back, and he keeps chasing or frightening them off by waving his arm.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.657.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suxniwəwə \ps v \ge hurry smn \ge rush smn \de to hurry smn; to rush smn \mr [] \cf niwəwə \ce ?to be in a hurry \cf uxniwəwə \ce to hurry \xv 1. nełtšnehet kipsuxniwəwənit ? \xe 'why do you rush me?' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.657.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suxniwəy \ps vt \ge stop from fighting \de to stop from fighting \mr [] \cf niwəy \ce to tear off (a small piece of) \xv 1. huksuxniwəyuswu \xe 'I am going to stop them fighting.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.657.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suxpuy \ps v \ge add water \de to add water \mr [] \cf puy \ce dew \cf uxpuy \ce to blow water; to spout \xv 1. tšastipił, suxpuy ! \xe '[the pinole] is too thick, add water!' \sd food \sd water \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.658.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suxsuxmen \ps v \ge break (said of waves).REDUP \de to break (said of waves).REDUP \cf suxmen \ce to break (said of waves) \sd reduplications \dt 23/Aug/2011 \lx suxułhek \ps v \ee The phrase ͽno ͽʔan ͽhuksuxułhek is used in the sweat lodge. Harrington's speaker did not know the meaning of the verb, however. \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 90.658.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suxułtimasəx \ps v \ge put around three times \ge make three folds \ge fold into three layers \de to put around three times; to make three folds; to fold into three layers \mr [] \cf masəx \ce three \xv 1. kʰsuxułtimasəx hesikʰqolokʔi \xe 'I put my belt round three times.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.659.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suxułtinaʔał \ps v \ge let go of a line (?fishline) \de to let go of a line (?fishline) \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf tinaʔał \ce to be stubborn; to be stalwart \xv 1. ksuxułtinaʔał hešikwaštʔuyaš \xe 'I left my fishline out.' \xv 2. ksuxułtinaʔał hešikwaštʔuyaš \xe 'I let my fish cord go to the bottom' (when in a canoe). \sd verbs \sd animals \sd fish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.659.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suxułtipakeʔet \ps v \ge lay out full length \de to lay out full length \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \xv 1. ksuxułtipakeʔet \xe 'I have the rope laid out full length.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.660.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suxułtitu \ps v \ge put around two times \ge make two folds of \ge two folds of, make \ge fold into two layers \de to put around two times; to make two folds of; to fold into two layers \mr [] \sy šuxułtiʔiškom̓ \xv 1. ksuxułtitu \xe 'I double it in two.' \sd numbers \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.35.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suxułtitskumu \ps v \ge make four folds \ge four folds, make \ge put around four times \ge fold into four layers \de to put around four times; to make four folds; to fold into four layers \mr [] \cf tskumu \ce four \xv 1. ksuxułtitskumu \xe 'I make four folds' (of a rope). \sd numbers \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.660.4-661.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suxululu \ps v \ge roll smth \de to roll smth \mr [] \cf wisuxululu \ce to roll by hitting \cf xululu \ce to roll (as is said of a ball or wheel) \xv 1. huksuxululu \xe 'I am going to roll it.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.483.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suxutiwəwə \a suxutiwəwən \va (suxutiwəwən-) \ps v \ge hurry smn up \de to hurry smn up \mr [] \cf iwəwə \ce to quiver; to palpitate \cf xutiwəwə \ce to hurry oneself \xv 1. huksuxutiwəwə lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to hurry that man up.' \xv 2. musʔił ʔałtsuxutiwəwənmu \xe 'they had no one to hurry them.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.662.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suxuxa \a suxuxan \va (suxuxan-) \ps vt \ge fear, cause \ge cause fear \ge scare \de to cause fear; to scare \mr [] \cf xuxa \ce to be cowardly; to be timid \xv 1. huksuxuxanuswu \xe 'I am going to scare them.' \xv 2. huksuxuxanus lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to scare that man.' \xv 3. hesipałpaliʔi ʔan latšə ʔisisuxuxaniyuw \xe 'these padres are always frightening us.' \xv 4. lokatanałʔaləhəʔəy ʔan latšə ʔisisuxuxanuswu lokatanimitmitʔi \xe 'the bigger boys are always bullying the smaller boys.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.662.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suxʔomoho \a suxomoho \va (suxomoho) \ps v \ge hollow out \ge make a depression in \de to hollow out; to make a depression in \mr [] \cf xʔomoho \ce to have a hollow; to have a pothole \xv 1. ksuxʔomoho \xe 'I make a depression in ground or anywhere.' \xv 2. ksuxʔomoho hesikpu \xe 'I make my palm hollow.' \xv 3. tsamsuxomoho laʔmitʔi yəlaʔa loʔkasmaʔam kaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš \xe 'they hollow a little all the top of the keel.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.658.1-2; Tomol24 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suya- \a suy- \a ʰuya- \a ʰuy- \va (suy-) \ps vpre \ge DES \de desiderative verbal prefix \ee Also used as an irrealis, as when someone has yet to do something but intends to. Glossed as DES. \xv 1. no ʔan ksuyapašpaš \xe 'I am going to vomit.' \xv 2. kaqnixułtsʔəyə, ksuyapášpaš \xe 'I am seasick, I want to vomit' (but say same word of sick feeling in stomach caused by eating fruit or anything here on dry land. \xv 3. mupsuyataktə ! \xe 'do not hit him!' (when you have not hit him yet). \xv 4. muptaktə (Ϟor inaptaktə) ! \xe 'do not hit him!' (when you are already hitting him). \xv 5. tšʰuyuliʔiš lokaxʔanwa ʔan tskʔilikitwo hesoʔo \xe 'he went to grab hold of the woman but she rushed out of the water.' \xv 6. ksuyašatiwənitšwaš kʔuwe neʔekuxninikʔoyi \xe 'I wanted to get married, but I changed my mind.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \rf 89.40, 49.2, 183.1; 90.341.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suyahin \ps v \ge want to have \ge have, want to \de to want to have \mr [] \cf hin \ce to have \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.577.1 \dt 11/Feb/2018 \lx suyałhaš \ps v \ge want to talk \ge talk, want to \de to want to talk \ee This form should have undergone sibilant harmony to become ͽšuyałhaš, but it has not in the example given. \mr [] \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \xv 1. no ʔan ksuyałhaš \xe 'I want to talk.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.183.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suyalinaxyət \ps v \ge going to dawn, be \ge dawn, be going to dawn \de to be going to be dawn \mr [] \cf alinaxyəʔət \ce to last the whole night \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. tsʰuyalinaxyət \xe 'it is going to dawn' (said of early morning). \sd verbs \sd chronometry \sd astronomy \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.202.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suyam \ps v \ge take down \de to take down \mr [] \cf maxsuyam \ce to drag down; to pull down \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. huksuyam \xe 'I am going to take down' (a stone from top of looking-glass, a thing from a shelf, a coat from a nail). \sd verbs \sd household \sd path \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.589.3-590.1 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx suyamaqutinaʔał \ps v \ge want to run \ge run, want to \de to want to run \mr [] \cf maqutinaʔał \ce to run \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. no ʔan ksuyamaqutinaʔał \xe 'I want to run.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.672.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suyaməʔə \a ʰuyaməʔə \ps v \ge want to drown (oneself) \ge drown (oneself), want to \de to want to drown (oneself) \mr [] \cf məʔə \ce to drown; to be drowned \xv 1. kiskʔilitapi kəwə tsʰuyaməʔə kikasməʔə \xe 'she rushed into the water to drown herself, and was drowned.' \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \lg (Glutton179-180) \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suyamiš \cf šuyamiš \ce to want to cry \sd variations \dt 30/Aug/2011 \lx suyanaʔał \ps v \ge want to go \ge go, want to \ge favor of, be in \de to want to go; to be in favor of \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf suyanali \ce to want to go home \xv 1. tsʰuyanaʔał \xe 'he wants to go away.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksuyanaʔał kutiyətus lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am in favor of that man' (in a legal case). \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.126.1-2, 590.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suyanali \ps v \ge want to go home \ge go home, want to \ge home, want to go \de to want to go home \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf naʔali \ce to go home; to go in a certain direction \cf suyanaʔał \ce to want to go; to be in favor of \xv 1. ksuyanali \xe 'I want to go home.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.132.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suyanimay \ps v \ge want to put out fire \ge put out fire, want to \de to want to put fire out \mr [] \cf nimay \ce to put out fire \xv 1. mupsuyanimay lokanə ! \xe 'do not let the fire go out!' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.195.3; 92.823.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suyanoqš \ps v \ge try to chop \de to try to chop \mr [] \ee This form should have undergone sibilant harmony to become ͽšuyanoqš, but it has not in the example given. \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \cf winoqš \ce to chop \xv 1. lokaqunup ʔan tsʰin lokaʔátša tsʰuyawinoqš sixəp \xe 'that boy has gotten the axe, he is trying to cut stones.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.684.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx suyapašpaš \cf šuyapašpaš \ce to want to vomit \sd variations \dt 30/Aug/2011 \lx suyapaxaʔan \ps v \ge like to dance (voluntarily) \de to like to dance (voluntarily) \mr [] \cf paxaʔan \ce to dance (voluntarily) \xv 1. ʔiyʔałtsuyapaxaʔan \xe 'they like to give entertainment' ; 'they like to go around to houses at night serenading uninvited.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.338.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suyaqmił \a ʰuyaqmił \ps v \ge thirst \de to thirst \mr [] \cf aqmił \ce to drink \cf suyaqmilutš \ce to be thirsty \xv 1. ksuyaqmił \xe 'I am thirsty' ; 'I want water.' \xv 2. nipʰsuyaqmił ? \xe 'do you want water?' \xv 3. mə, muksuyaqmił \xe 'no, I do not want water.' \xv 4. kimuhukoxšoł kihuskəʔwə yəlaʔa heʔsoʔo kihusʰuyaqmił šəpəšiwàš \xe 'I will not urinate so that all the waters will dry up and for this reason Coyote will be thirsty.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd food \sd stative \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.587.2-588.1; Travels33 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suyaqmilutš \ps v \ge thirsty, be \de to be thirsty \ee This form should have undergone sibilant harmony to become ͽšuyaqmilutš, but it has not in the example given. \mr [] \cf aqmił \ce to drink \cf suyaqmił \ce to thirst \xv 1. nawaʔaʔay ksuyaqmilutš \xe 'it's been a while that I've wanted water' (said when speaker had been sitting thirsty for some time). \sd food \sd verbs \sd stative \sd senses \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.40; 90.588.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suyaqpalamay \ps v \ge try to (appear to) be smarter than \de to try to (appear to) be smarter than \mr [] \cf aqpalamay \ce to think oneself better than others \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. no ʔan ktałtałwaxa kiskum šaʔatʔaxatš ʔan lasʰuyaqpalamayiyuw \xe 'I was working there and there arrivedone who tried to act as it he was smarter or more than the rest of us.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \sd manners \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.55.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suyasəw \ps vt \ge want to speak with \ge speak with, want to \de to want to speak with (said when other party is not nearby) \mr [] \cf ašəw \ce to speak to; to speak with \xv 1. ksuyasəwił \xe 'I want to speak with you.' \xv 2. ksuyasəwus losixʔanwa \xe 'I want to speak with that woman.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.182.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suyašatiwənitš \ps v \ge want to be married \ge married, want to be \de to want to be married \ee This form should have undergone sibilant harmony to become ͽšuyašatiwənitš, but it has not in the example given. \mr [] \cf ʔiwə \ce countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \cf šatiwə \ce spouse \cf šatiwənitš \ce to be married \xv 1. ksuyašatiwənitšwaš kʔuwe neʔekuxninikʔoyi \xe 'I wanted to get married, but I changed my mind.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.739.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suyatikum \ps vt \ge want to be near \ge near, want to be \de to want to be near \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf tikum \ce to be against; to be next to \xv 1. tsisuyatikumus lokašukupinaʔaš kinela siyixwap \xe 'it comes near to the light and at last gets burnt.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.242.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx suyatum \ps v \ge want to lay eggs \ge want to oviposit \de to want to lay eggs; to want to oviposit \mr [] \cf tum \ce to lay eggs; to oviposit \xv 1. kanawa sʰuyatum \xe 'when it wants to lay eggs.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd birds \sd reptiles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.231.3 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx suyawatihin \ps v \ge want to stop to get \de to want to stop to get \mr [] \cf hin \ce to have \cf watihin \ce to stop to get \xv 1. kʰan pqisə hałtsalotoyi lahuki ʔan mupsuyawatihin kəwə mukapʰin \xe 'when you see something tossed aside, do not pick it up because it isn’t yours.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.238.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suyawaxa \ps v \ge want to defecate \ge defecate, want to \de to want to defecate \mr [] \cf waxa \ce shit; excrement; feces \cf waxan \ce to shit; to defecate \xv 1. nipsuyawaxa \xe 'do you need to defecate?' \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.389.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suyawe \ps v \ge sleepy, be \de to be sleepy \mr [] \cf qiłtsuyawe \ce to be half-asleep \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. neʔeksuyawè \xe 'I am already sleepy.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.649.3-4 \dt 20/Jun/2018 \lx suyawəp \ps v \ge try to hit \de to try to hit \mr [] \cf wəp1 \ce to hit \xv 1. šiyitšemetšeš sipaxat, tsisuyaxsił heʔsiqəp lokapaxat, kilokapaxat ʔan tsʰuyawəpʰpiwu lokašteleq, ʔan tšišapiwelexš šiyuštowitš \xe 'the grampuses are enemies of whales, they bite the whale in the belly and the whale tries to hit them with his tail but they dodge, they are swift.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 91.673.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suyawinoqš \ps v \ge try to chop \ge chop, try to \de to try to chop \ee This form should have undergone sibilant harmony to become ͽšuyanoqš, but it has not in this example. \mr [] \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \cf winoqš \ce to chop \xv 1. lokaqunup ʔan tsʰin lokaʔátša tsʰuyawinoqš sixəp \xe 'that boy has gotten the axe, he is trying to cut stones.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 91.684.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suyaxawis \ps v \ge bother much \de to bother much \gn molestar mucho \dn molestar mucho \ee Harrinton notes that -- in example 1 -- the suffix ͽ-it cannot be added to the verb. \xv 1. psuyaxawis \xe 'you bother me much.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 90.591.1 \dt 02/Sep/2018 \lx suyaxiliwasə \a ʰuyaxiliwasə \ps v \ge want to look intently at \ge look intently at, want to \de to want to look intently at \mr [] \cf qiliwasə \ce to scrutinize \cf xiliwasə \ce to recognize; to distinguish; to observe \xv 1. tsʰuyaxiliwasə \xe 'he wants to look intently' (said of a mouse peeping at me). \xv 2. husʔuwwaʔaš pakeʔet ʔan tsisqisənwaš tsʰuyaxiliwasə \xe 'as she was about to eat one she kept looking at it, took a notion to examine it closely.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.462.2; Glutton54 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx suyaxotš \ps v \ge want to argue with \ge argue with, want to \ge want to quarrel with \ge quarrel with, want to \de to want to argue with; to want to quarrel with \ee This form should have undergone sibilant harmony to become ͽšuyaxotš, but it has not in the example given. \mr [] \cf oxotš \ce to argue with; to quarrel with \xv 1. ʔinapoxotšit \xe 'do not quarrel with me!' \sd verbs \sd language \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.292.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suyitsʔa \ps v \ge want to play \ge play, want to \de to want to play \mr [] \cf ʔałtsuyitsʔa \ce imp; mischievious one \cf itsʔaw \ce to play with \sd verbs \sd common \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.591.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suyołkʔoli \ps v \ge want to go around smth \ge go around smth, want to \de to want to go around smth \mr [] \cf ołkʔoli \ce to go around smth \xv 1. muksuyołkʔoli hukkonkonoqš hesaʔalamle kinahukʰkumeli kihukuliʔiš lokatsʔohoy kaʔaliyaš \xe 'I don’t want to go way around, I am going to cut the wire and am going straight to the other road and get the road.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.275.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suyułnałnaʔał \ps v \ge frown at many \de to frown at many \mr [] \cf alisuyułnałnaʔał \ce to frown at many at night \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. no ʔan ksuyułnałnaʔał \xe 'I frown at many, frown in different directions.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.592.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suyuskumuʔus \ps v \ge try to reach out one's arms towards \ge stretch out one’s arms to take \de to try to reach out one’s arms; to stretch out one’s arms to take \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \xv 1. lasʰuyuskumuʔus kuhušuliʔiš kʔuwe mušahaʔaš kiwə məʔək \xe 'and trying to reach out its arms to seize her.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf Glutton99 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx suyutikay \ps v \ge want/try to hide oneself \de to want/try to hide oneself \mr [] \cf sutikay \ce to hide smth \cf utikay \ce to hide oneself \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.521.3-522.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx suyuw \ps v \ge like eating \ge eating, like \ge eat, want to \de to like eating; to want to eat \mr [] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \xv 1. ʔałtsuyuw, ʔi ʔałmoho \xe 'he loves (eating) sweets.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.592.2 \dt 11/Feb/2018 \lx suyuwaha \a suyawaha \a ʰuyuwaha \a ʰuyuwahan \va (suyawaha) \ps v \ge prize \ge desire \ge love \ge care for \de to prize; to desire; to love; to care for \mr [] \xv 1. huksuyuwahanił \xe 'I am going to love you' ; 'I am going to care for you.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʰsuyuwaha \xe 'I love.' \xv 3. tsisuyuwaha lokaspax \xe 'they prized its skin.' \xv 4. huksuyuwaha lyos ʔisihin yəlaʔa hesihinhinaʔaš \xe 'I love God above all things.' \xv 5. kihupsuyawaha lokatsʔohoy kaku kʰan tšnehet pi ! \xe 'love thy neighbor as thyself!' \xv 6. no ʔan kʔałkilamu, kəwə šwalawəš hesiksəpmu, mukpošʔotš nisʰuyuwahanit \xe 'I am crazy, for my burden is heavy and I don’t know if he loves me.' \xv 7. hešałkaʔaškom̓ kalasʰuna lyos ʔan ʔiyʔałtšaqšiłtšaši maʔam sałʔiškom̓: hupitaqyəwus kihupsuyuwaha lyos, kihupsuyuwaha lokatsʔohoy kaku kʰan tšnahet pi \xe 'these ten Commandments are contained encienrran in two: to serve and to love God over all the things, and to love your neighbor as you [love] yourself.' \xv 8. mukpošʰotš nisʰuyuwahanit \xe 'I do not know that this [little] one cares for me so much.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.591.2-3, 593.1-4; Advice012 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx swayi \cf tsway̓i \ce rainy season; winter \sd variations \dt 15/Nov/2011 \lx sway̓i \cf tsway̓i \ce rainy season; winter \sd variations \dt 15/Nov/2011 \lx swey \cf tswey1 \ce mouth of river \sd variations \dt 20/Jun/2018 \lx syət \ps n \ge woodpecker species \ge flicker species \de woodpecker species; flicker species \ee This is a dialectal variant of tšulakak. \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.576.2-578.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx sʰa \cf tsʰa \ce fishhook; arrow point \sd variations \dt 19/Jun/2018 \lx sʰow \cf tsʰow \ce hill \sd variations \dt 23/Feb/2012 \lx sʰowsoʔow \cf tsʰowtsʰow \ce hill.REDUP \sd variations \dt 04/Sep/2011 \lx š- \hm 1 \cf ts- \ce third person prefix \sd variations \dt 18/Mar/2011 \lx š- \hm 2 \cf si-2 \ce partitive prefix \sd variations \dt 20/Jun/2018 \lx -š \ps vsuf \ge IPFV \de imperfective verbal suffix \ee This suffix indicates that a situation is ongoing, continuous, and or regular. Glossed as IPFV. \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd aspect \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šʔapš \cf tšʔapš \ce broth; juice; soup; milk \sd variations \dt 04/Sep/2011 \lx šʔələ \ps n \ge mountain sheep \ge sheep, mountain \ge wild sheep \ge sheep, wild \de mountain sheep; wild sheep \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.703.2-704.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ša- \hm 1 \cf si-2 \ce partitive prefix \sd variations \dt 07/Dec/2012 \lx ša- \hm 2 \cf si-4 \ce indefinite prefix \sd variations \dt 07/Dec/2012 \lx šaʔalištaxan \ps v \ge encourage \ge console \de to encourage; to console \mr [] \cf ʔalištaxan̓ \ce to take care; to cheer up; to have spirit; to have courage \xv 1. šaʔalištaxan lokʔałnuxitʔisi \xe 'console the sad.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.218.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šaʔaxpililetš \ps v \ge make sinew-back bow \ge sinew-back bow, make \de to make sinew-back bow \mr [] \cf ʔaxpilił \ce nerve(s); sinew; root; (bow)string \cf ʔaxpililetšpi \ce to be rooted to; to be attached by fibrous matter \xv 1. huksaʔaxpililetš \xe 'I am going to make a sinew-back bow.' \sd verbs \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.711.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šaʔayiwaš \ps n \ge daughter, dead \de dead daughter \mr [<šaʔay̓ (daughter) + iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf šaʔay̓ \ce daughter; niece \xv 1. lokakšaʔayiwaš \xe 'my dead daughter.' \sd kinship \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.711.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šaʔay̓ \a ʰaʔay \a ʰaʔay̓ \ps n \ge daughter \ge niece \de daughter; niece \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv šaʔayiwaš \pde daughter.DEPR \cf iwan̓ \ce niece-in-law (brother's son's wife) \cf šaʔayiwaš \ce dead daughter \cf tšaʔay̓ \ce daughter.DIM \xv 1. lokakšaʔay ʔan tskʔilitapli hemaʔam \xe 'my daughter rushed in and said to me.' \xv 2. neʔeskumí kšaʔay \xe 'my daughter already arrived.' \xv 3. kaswalaʔapʰ loʔkašaʔay sʰloʔw \xe 'the daughter of the eagle went ashore.' \xv 4. pʰpošotš hú hałʔaleqenpi loʔkašʰaʔay tslow̓ ? \xe 'do you know the fate of the Eagle’s daughter?' \xv 5. kisaxnitʔołkoy sałipʰpi lokašaʔay̓. tšiyepus lokaštete yəlaʔa ʔišnetnetuʔutš \xe 'and listened closely to what her daughter said. she told her mother of all that had befallen her.' \xv 6. kanawa sitaxsə yəlaʔa lokałnetpi, kikašišyət kašiškumuʔus lokalilikʔenpi kašišʰaʔaʔay \xe 'when he had heard the whole story they came and arrived at the place where their daughter was.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.23.4, 32.3-35.2, 66.4 72.231c \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šahašiʔi \ps v \ge ask for \de to ask for \mr [] \cf ahaʔaš \ce to reach \xv 1. ʔałʔałnuxilwə maʔałʔałtšʔahašiʔi \xe 's/he is very shy, and very timid asking for a house.' \sd verbs \sd manners \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.712.1; 92.657.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx šahatš \ps v \ge teeth, have good \de to have good teeth \mr [] \cf sa \ce tooth/teeth \cf ʔałtšahatš \ce flint-pointed arrow \xv 1. kšahatš \xe 'I have good teeth.' \xv 2. ʔałtšʔahatš ʔiya \xe 'flint-pointed arrow.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.712.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šaktinaʔay \ph ʃɑkʰtɪnɑˀɑy \ps v \ge come from \de to come from \mr [<ša- () + akti- (ϡvenϡ) + naʔay ()>] \cf aqtinaʔay \ce to come from \xv 1. neł pšaktinaʔay \xe 'where are you from?' \xv 2. katšʔup kakšaktinaʔay \xe 'I come from Montalvo.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.714.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šałkəyəmi \ps v \ge straighten (arrow) with hot stone \de to straighten (arrow) with hot stone \mr [<šal- () + kəyəmi (be straight)>] \cf kəyəmi \ce to be straight \cf šałkəyəm̓i \ce heated stone for straightening arrows \xv 1. hukšałkəyəmi \xe 'I am going to straighten arrows with a hot stone.' \sd verbs \sd archery \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.727.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šałkəyəm̓i \ps n \ge heated stone for straightening arrows \de heated stone for straightening arrows \mr [<šal- () + kəyəmi (be straight) + -ʔ (ϡfgϡ)>] \cf kəyəmi \ce to be straight \cf šałkəyəmi \ce to straighten (arrow) with hot stone \xv 1. no kakšałkəyəm̓i \xe 'it is my stone to use for straightening an arrow.' \sd tools \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.727.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šałnapay \ps v \ge spray up (said of water from breaking waves) \de to spray up (said of water from breaking waves) \mr [<šal- () + ?ni- (ϡtr.iiϡ) + pay (related to verticality)>] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \xv 1. tšʰałnapay \xe 'water shoots up over a rock as a wave hits.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.727.4-728.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šałšałyəʔəw \ps n \ge mush stirrer.REDUP \de mush stirrer.REDUP \cf šałyəw \ce mush stirrer \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šaluškʔəy \ps v \ge cause to move \ge move, cause to \de to cause to move \mr [] \cf aluškʔəy \ce to move about in one place \cf uškʔəy \ce to move \xv 1. tšʰaluškʔəy heʔistu \xe 'he moves or twitches his ears' (said of horse). \xv 2. kšaluškʔəy hesikʔelew \xe 'I move my tongue' (when talking or any other way). \xv 3. tsʰaqskʔəy heʔisʰa \xe 'some (men) grind their teeth' (when they sleep). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.728.2-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šalutikuy \ps v \ge look in a certain direction \de to look in a certain direction \mr [<šal- () + uti- (ϡinstrϡ.punctual) + kuy (point at)>] \cf alutikuy \ce to face in a direction \cf kuya \ce to turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \cf utikuy \ce to look to the side \xv 1. kšalutikuy \xe 'I am looking in a certain direction.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.729.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šałxəx \ps n \ge bass, black \ge black bass \de black bass \ee This is translated as ‘jewfish’ (‘mero’ in Spanish), but groupers are not known to be found off the coast of Southern California. \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 71.66.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šałyətš \ps v \ge count (keep track of numbers, scores, etc.) \de to count (keep track of numbers, scores, etc.) \mr [] \cf sałyət \ce to count \xv 1. no ʔan kšałyətš \xe 'I am counting' (1, 2, 3, 4). \xv 2. munakšałyətšwaš \xe 'I have not counted them yet.' \xv 3. tšałšałyətš \xe 'he (the umpire) is counting the count in the peon game.' \sd numbers \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.725.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šałyəw \rd šałšałyəʔəw \ps n \ge mush stirrer \de mush stirrer \mr [<šal- () + yəʔəw ()>] \cf šałyəwə \ce to work (in some occupation) \xv 1. hešikšałyəw \xe 'my mush stirrer.' \xv 2. kakšałyəw \xe 'it is my stirrer.' \xv 3. hukušwele huksunuwus hesikšałyəw \xe 'I am going to stir it with my mushstirrer.' \sd food \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 90.725.3-727.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šałyəwə \ps v \ge work (in some occupation) \de to work (in some occupation) \mr [<šal- () + yəʔəw () + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf šałyəw \ce mush stirrer \xv 1. kšałyəwə \xe 'I make acorn mush.' \xv 2. kšałyə́wə \xe 'I am boiling mush.' \xv 3. hukšałyəwə \xe 'I am going to cook bellota.' \cf šałyəw \ce mush stirrer \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.726.1-726.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx šamiyho \ps v \ge splash water \de to splash water \xv 1. kšamiyho \xe 'I splash water' (as old women did). \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH \rf 90.729.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx šan \rd šanšaʔan \ps n \ge non-ʼantap member \ge outsider \de non-ʼantap member; outsider \ee There are at least two distinct translations of this word. One translates this term as referring one who is not a member of either of the governing bodies of the Chuamsh: neither a member of the ͽliyək nor (its subdivision) the ͽ’antap (Harrington 1986: 3.88.285.1) The other translation indicates that a ͽšan was a member of the ͽliyək, but not a member of the ’antap when that term referred solely to the twelve member body. In this translation, the šan were eight in number and formed the other half of the combined ’antap (a twenty-member body all told) (Librado 1979: 18). The šan were charged with naming infants, and they were given the duties of memory (lit., ‘do not forget’), understanding (lit., ‘you understand’), and will power (lit., ‘you make it good’) (Librado 1979: 18) \sd people \sd religion \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 88.285.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šaniwaš \ps n \ge old tooth \ge tooth, old \de old tooth \ee This form may be a variant of ͽtšaniwaš. \mr [] \cf sa \ce tooth/teeth \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.729.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šanšaʔan \ps n \ge non-ʼantap member.REDUP \ge outsider.REDUP \de non-ʼantap member.REDUP; outsider.REDUP \cf šan \ce non-ʼantap member; outsider \sd reduplications \dt 09/Sep/2018 \lx šapatunitš \ps v \ge put shoes on \ge shoes on, put \de to put shoes on \mr [] \cf ʔeqenmuʔutš \ce to have flat-heeled sandals on \cf sapatu \ce shoe \xv 1. hukšapatunitš (Ϟor huktapi) siksapatu \xe 'I am going to put my shoes on.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \rf 89.487.1; 90.730.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šapəskəwənəʔəš \cf šapəškəwənəʔəš \ce bailing instrument \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šapəškəwə \a šapušqəwə \va (šapušqəwə) \ps v \ge bail out (water from) \de to bail out (water from) \mr [] \cf kəw̓ə \ce to dry up \cf šapəškəwənəʔəš \ce bailing instrument \cf šapuškəwətš \ce to be bailing (water from) \xv 1. hukšapəškəwə lokatomoł \xe 'I am going to bail out the boat.' \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.730.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šapəškəwənəʔəš \a šapəskəwənəʔəš \va (šapəskəwənəʔəš) \ps n \ge bailing instrument \de bailing instrument \mr [] \cf kəw̓ə \ce to dry up \cf šapəškəwə \ce to bail out (water from) \sd water \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.730.3; 92.239.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šapinoqš \ps v \ge break with fire \de to break with fire \mr [] \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \xv 1. hukšapinoqš \xe 'I am going to cut it by fire.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.730.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šapiwelexš \ps v \ge shy from \de to shy from \mr [] \cf apiwelexš \ce to dodge \cf welexš \ce to pass \xv 1. tšʰapšapiwelexš hesikawayu \xe 'the horse keeps shying at things.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.731.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šapuk \ps n \ge clover \de clover \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ šapukʼ (SYBCI 2007: 336) \ee Leaves were eaten raw like a lettuce. See also Timbrook 2007 (219). \sd plants \sd nature \sd food \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.62.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx šapuškeʔey \a sapuskeʔey \a šapuškey \va (sapuskeʔey, šapuškey-) \ps v \ge hook smth onto \ge seize smth with a hook \de to hook smth onto; to seize smth with a hook \mr [] \cf apuškeʔey \ce to be hooked \cf keʔey \ce to hook \cf šapuškeyeʔeš \ce hook; chia hook \xv 1. hukšapuškeʔey \xe 'I am going to hook it.' \xv 2. kšapuškeypi sipon̓ \xe 'I hooked it into a beam.' \xv 3. huksapuskeʔey \xe 'I am going to seize it with a hook.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.731.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šapuškeyeʔeš \ps n \ge hook, (chia) \ge chia hook \de hook; chia hook \gn gancho \dn gancho \ee A hook by this name was used to harvest chia (Hudson & Blackburn 1982: 233 234). \mr [] \cf apuškeʔey \ce to be hooked \cf šapuškeʔey \ce to hook smth onto; to seize smth with a hook \sd tools \sd food \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.514.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šapuškəwətš \va šapušqəwətš \ps v \ge bailing (water from), be \de to be bailing (water from) \mr [] \cf kəw̓ə \ce to dry up \cf šapəškəwə \ce to bail out (water from) \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.730.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx šapušqəwə \cf šapəškəwə \ce to bail out (water from) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šapušqəwətš \cf šapuškəwətš \ce to be bailing (water from) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šapuštipey \ps v \ge cook together \de to cook together \mr [] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf tipey \ce to be pressed against \cf uštipey \ce to mix together; to stir in \xv 1. huksinay ʔišʔapš kihuksinayus (Ϟor hukšapuštipey) ʔisanorya, karepollo, kasinawu \xe 'I am going to put a soup on add or mix in carrots, cabbage, and turnips.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.732.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šaq \rd šaqšaq \ps n \ge freshwater turtle \ge turtle, freshwater \de freshwater turtle \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI šaqʼ ‘turtle’, INZ šaqʼ ‘turtle; shield,’ PUY šaqʼ ‘freshwater turtle’ (Whistler 1980: 30; SYBCI 2007: 336; Harrington 1986: 3.6.30.1) \ee Never over 6 in. long (15.2 cm). \xv 1. ʔitsʔiwis ʔispax ʔišaq \xe 'turtle shell rattle.' \xv 2. tšiqipʰšašì loʔkašaqʰ \xe 'the turtle contracts.' \xv 3. loʔkaʔšaq ʔan ʔatʔap heʔsoʔò \xe 'the turtle is a water animal.' \sd animals \sd reptiles \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx šaqip \ps v \ge high tide, be \de to be high tide \mr [] \xv 1. tšʰaqip \xe 'the tide is high' ; 'it is high tide.' \sd ocean \sd water \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.715.2-3; 92.517.1; 94.362.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šaqšanutš \rd šaqšaqšanuʔutš \ps n \ge dead person \ge corpse \de dead person; corpse \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \cf šaqšanutš \ce dead person; corpse \xv 1. heʔišaqšanutš \xe 'this corpse.' \xv 2. kiwełwelał ʔišaqšanutš \xe 'we had a wake for a dead man.' \xv 3. nawaʔay ʔi šaqšanutš \xe 'he died long ago.' \xv 4. tsʔamamə ʔi šaqšanutš \xe 'corpse of a dead person.' \xv 5. tšyəwəš ʔi šaqšanutš \xe 'skull.' \xv 6. ʔapi nitšʔiyutʔuxš hałtšaqšanutš sikawayu \xe 'to see if they smell some dead horse' \xv 7. hupustsʔəmənwu lokašaqšaqšanuʔutš \xe 'thou shalt bury the dead.' \xv 8. tsʰukitwo heʔsimuwu ʔišaqšanutš \xe 'the sea throws the shell out dead.' \xv 9. tšʰukitwonwu heʔsimuwu ʔišaqšaqšanuʔutš \xe 'the sea throws them out dead.' \xv 10. tsamsuwakʔapi silamesa lokašaqšanutš \xe 'they had the corpse placed on top of a table.' \xv 11. šušušumiš lyos, lokašaqšaqšanuʔutš kasiʔiyʔalititpe \xe 'thou shall pray God for the dead and the quick.' \xv 12. tsamełtsenpi saʔasku (Ϟor saʔas) hešaqšanutš kiyustsʔəmə \xe 'they wrap the body in a mat and we bury it.' \xv 13. tskitwo loʔišaqšaqšanuʔutš \xe ' he arose from dead.' \xv 14. kasułku ʔan kʔatəšwətš lokakʔaliwə neʔešaqšanutš \xe 'last night I dreamed of my dead relative.' \xv 15. kayusaqtinaʔay kihuseqwełwu siyʔiyʔalititpe kaʔišaqšaqšanuʔutš \xe 'when he will come to judge the living and the dead.' \sd people \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.715.4-719.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šaqšaq \ph ʃɑqʰʃɑq \ps n \ge freshwater turtle.REDUP \de freshwater turtle.REDUP \cf šaq \ce freshwater turtle \sd reduplications \dt 06/Apr/2012 \lx šaqšaqškʔunapaš \ps v \ge fish on the shore.REDUP \ge surf-fish.REDUP \de to fish on the shore.REDUP; to surf-fish.REDUP \cf šaqškʔunapaʔaš \ce to fish on the shore; to surf-fish \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šaqšəkʔə \ps v \ge cause to itch \ge irritate physically \ge tickle \de to cause to itch; to irritate physically; to tickle \mr [] \cf aqšəkʔə \ce to have an itch \cf tšəqələqələ \ce to tickle the belly of \xv 1. tšʰaqšəkʔənit \xe 'he is tickling me' (by touching me with end of a straw lightly in the back of my neck). \xv 2. kaqšəkʔə \xe 'I itch.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.76.2; 90.719.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šaqšiłtšaši \ps v \ge contained in, be \ge contain oneself inside smth \de to be contained in; to contain oneself inside smth \mr [] \cf ʔił \ce to exist \xv 1. kšaqšiłtšaši \xe 'I locked myself in a room.' \xv 2. hešałkaʔaškom̓ kalasʰuna lyos ʔan ʔiyʔałtšaqšiłtšaši maʔam sałʔiškom̓ : hupitaqyəwus kihupsuyuwaha lyos, kihupsuyuawa lokatsʔohoy kaku kʔan tšnahet pi \xe 'these ten commandments from God can be enclosed in two: to serve and love God over all things, and to love your neighbor as yourself.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.719.4-720.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šaqšinaʔał \a šaqšinaʔàł \ps v \ge look after \de to look after \ee This verb associated with watching a person more than acting on the person. \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. kšaqšinaʔał \xe 'I am caring for/watching after [these things].' \xv 2. kšaqšinaʔał šaʔałtšuyaqša \xe 'I cared for the sick man.' \xv 3. kšaqšinaʔał kimuhukʔəwə sikpu \xe 'I take care not to cut my finger.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd health \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.720.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šaqšinaʔli \ps v \ge protect \de to protect \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf naʔali \ce to go home; to go in a certain direction \xv 1. mupnuxáxanpì loʔkapmatʔunuʔuw kawopow̓aš kaloʔkałʔipił hukšaqšinaʔliʔìł \xe 'do not have confidence in what you have inherited from your grandfather or in him who says: I am going to protect you.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg TJPH \rf Travels135 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šaqškunapaʔaš \cf šaqškʔunapaʔaš \ce to fish on the shore; to surf-fish \sd variations \dt 23/Jul/2018 \lx šaqškutałputš \ps v \ge consider \ge think about \ge opinion, be of an \de to consider; to think about; to be of an opinion \mr [] \cf ałpu \ce to go around inside of \xv 1. ʔəhə ʔišʰaqskutałputš \xe 'he thinks many things' (such as an insane person does). \xv 2. ʔəhə šikšaqskutałputš \xe 'I think about many things.' \xv 3. pakeʔet šikišaqskutałputš \xe 'they were of one opinion.' \xv 4. kakanaʔaʔay ʔan hupšaqškutałputš sipatsatsakaʔaw, kumpisał yəlaʔa. hupuxninikʔoyi. hupsuteqweł šiwašətš \xe 'you consider first your sins, confess with repentance all the mortal sins and intend to make amends.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.723.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šaqškʔunapaʔaš \rd šaqšaqškʔunapaš \ph ʃɑqʰʃk̕ʊnɑpɑˀɑʃ \a šaqškunapaʔaš \a šaqškʔunapaš \va (šaqškunapaʔaš, šaqškʔunapaš) \ps v \ge fish on the shore \ge surf-fish \de to fish on the shore; to surf-fish \ee Harrington notes that this cannot be said of fishing in a boat. \mr [] \cf ʔałtšaqškʔunapaš \ce shore fisherman \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \xv 1. kšaqškʔunapaš \xe 'I am fishing-from-the-shore' (Harrington lists verb as ͽaqškʔunapaš). \xv 2. no ʔan hukšaqškunapaʔaš \xe 'I am going to fish at the shore of the ocean' ; 'I am going to fish along the beach.' \xv 3. no ʔan hukšaxšiʔiłtš \xe 'I am going to fish.' \xv 4. tsapəti sixəp kikašaqškʔunapaš \xe 'she got on top of a rock to fish' (Harrington lists verb as ͽaqškʔunapaš). \xv 5. no ʔan kpošʰotš saʔałʔiłpi šiwašətš šuʔamšaqškʔunapaš \xe 'I know a good place to surf fish.' \xv 6. lokanawnawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan tšipošʰotš ʔisikummu ʔišišaqškʔunapaš \xe 'the ancient people knew the fishing grounds well.' \xv 7. kšaqšaqškʔunapaš santa barbara \xe 'I was fishing at Santa Barbara.' \sd ocean \sd food \sd animals \sd hunting \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.80.4; 90.721.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šaqškʔunapaš \ps v \ge surf-fish (regularly) \de to surf-fish (regularly) \mr [] \cf ʔałtšaqškʔunapaš \ce shore fisherman \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \cf šaqškʔunapay \ce to be fished \xv 1. kšaqšaqškʔunapaš santa barbara \xe 'I was fishing at Santa Barbara.' \xv 2. lokanawnawaʔaʔay ʔan tšipošʰotš ʔišišaqškʔunapaš \xe 'the ancient people knew the fishing grounds well.' \xv 3. no ʔan kpošʰotš saʔałʔiłpi šiwašətš šuʔamšaqškʔunapaš \xe 'I know a good place to surf-fish.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd food \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.229.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šaqškʔunapay \ph šaqʰškʔunapay \a ʰaqʰškunapay \a šaqškunapay \ps v \ge fished, be \de to be fished \mr ?[] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \cf šaqškʔunapaš \ce to surf-fish (regularly) \cf šaqškʔunapayəʔəš \ce fishing tackle \sd verbs \sd food \sd ocean \sd water \sd fish \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Daughter53 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šaqškʔunapayəʔəš \ps n \ge fishing tackle \de fishing tackle \mr ?[] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \cf šaqškʔunapay \ce to be fished \sd tools \sd fish \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.722.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šaqšmayətš \ps v \ge feed supper \de to feed supper \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \xv 1. huksaqšmayətš hesikʰkawayu \xe 'I am going to give my horse some supper.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.724.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šaqtitap \ps n \ge hot beverage (coffee, tea, etc.) \de hot beverage (coffee, tea, etc.) \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \xv 1. kaqmił hesikšaqtitap \xe 'I drink my coffee.' \sd food \sd water \lg JPH \rf 88.272.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šaquntšiwekʔeyeš \ps v \ge wipe one’s buttcrack \de to wipe one’s buttcrack \mr [] \xv 1. [hu]kšaquntštiwekʔeyešpi \xe 'I am going to wipe me thus' (this word was deemed better than ͽhukšaquntštiwekʔeyeš). \xv 2. kšaquntštiwekʔeyeš \xe 'I wipe the crack between my buttocks after I have shat.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 85.143.2 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx šaqutašəwš \ps v \ge ask (?speak up) \de to ask (?speak up) \mr ?[] \cf ašəw \ce to speak to; to speak with \xv 1. kikašʰaqutašəwš sipakəwaš \xe 'and an old man asked.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.724.4; Glutton39 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -šaš \cf -šVš \ce reflexive verbal suffix \sd variations \dt 18/Mar/2011 \lx šašlałhəw \ps v \ge undermine \de to undermine \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan hukʰšašlałhəw \xe 'I am going to dig so that the bank falls down.' \xv 2. simuwu ʔan šʰašlałhəw loʔišə \xe 'the sea makes the bank fall down.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.735.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šašʰam \ps v \ge yawn \de to yawn \gn bostezar \dn bostezar \et *San.REDUP \ec Compare BOI xašam ‘yawn,’ INZ šašan ‘yawn,’ PUY šašan ‘yawn’ OBI sasa ‘yawn’ (Klar 1977: 116-117; Harrington 1986: 3.6.281.1) \xv 1. no ʔan kšašʰam \xe 'I yawn.' \sd body \sd language \lg JPH \rf 90.734.4-735.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šatinaʔał \ps v \ge go seed gathering \ge seed gathering, go \ge harvest seeds \de to go seed gathering; to harvest seeds \ee Cannot be used of gathering acorns. \mr [<ša- () + ti- (ϡaugϡ) + naʔal (go)>] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf šatinaləš \ce wild seed harvest \cf tinałnaʔał \ce to walk; to go walking \xv 1. hukšatinaʔał \xe 'I am going for harvesting seeds.' \xv 2. hukšatinaʔał siʔitʔepeš \xe 'I am going to harvest chia.' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.117.4, 735.4-736.2; 94.362.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šatinaləš \ps n \ge wild seed harvest \de wild seed harvest \mr [<ša- () + ti- (ϡaugϡ) + naʔal (go) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf šatinaʔał \ce to go seed gathering; to harvest seeds \cf tinałnaʔał \ce to walk; to go walking \xv 1. kəpə ʔan wašətš ʔišatinaləš \xe 'now the harvested wild seeds are good' ; 'the wild seed harvest is good.' \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.736.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šatiwə \a ʰatiwə \ps n \ge spouse \de spouse \mr [<ša- () + ti- (ϡaugϡ) + iwə (related to relationships)>] \cf ʔałtšatišwənitš \ce married person \cf ʔiwə \ce countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \cf suyašatiwənitš \ce to want to be married \cf šatiwənitš \ce to be married \cf šatiwəš \ce to marry smn \cf šuyašatiwəš \ce to want to marry \xv 1. hesikʰšatiwə \xe 'my wife.' \xv 2. kipʔipus loʔ kakʰšatiwə ! \xe 'say to my wife (spouse)!' \xv 3. tsuxniyithekakšatiwə \xe 'my wife forsook me' \xv 4. mupaxutʔunus lokašʰatiwə \xe 'thou shall not envy his wife.' \xv 5. hesaʔatʔaxatš ʔan muʔałšatiwənitš \xe 'that man has no wife.' \sd affinal \sd kinship \lg TJPH \rf 90.737.2-739.1; Coyo32 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šatiwənitš \a ʰatiwənitš \ps v \ge married, be \de to be married \mr [<ša- () + ti- (ϡaugϡ) + iwə (related to relationships) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔałtšatišwənitš \ce married person \cf ʔiwə \ce countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \cf suyašatiwənitš \ce to want to be married \cf šatiwə \ce spouse \xv 1. hukšatiwənitš \xe 'I am going to get married.' \xv 2. kayušʰatiwənitš hekaxʔanwa \xe 'this woman is going to get married.' \xv 3. kanawa šʰatiwənitšwaš \xe 'when he had gotten married.' \xv 4. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałšatiwənitš \xe 'married man.' \xv 5. kikšatiwənitš, kʰšatiwəš šaʔatʔaxatš saʔałmaliʔiʔi lasitpənit \xe 'I who got married to a man who does not think of me even in the least.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.739.2-740.1; Glutton124 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šatiwəš \ps v \ge marry smn \de to marry smn \mr [<ša- () + ti- (ϡaugϡ) + iwə (related to relationships) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf šatiwə \ce spouse \cf šuyašatiwəš \ce to want to marry \xv 1. maliya ʔan kayukšatiwəš \xe 'María will be my wife.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90. 740.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šatʔap \ps v \ge wash ashore (said of fish only) \de to wash ashore (said of fish only) \mr [<ša- () + al- (ϡstatϡ) + ʔap (living place; house)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔatʔap \ce one who dwells below \cf tšʰatʔap \ce ocean debris (foam, dead fish, etc.) \xv 1. xaʔax ʔi šatʔap \xe 'there were many things washed ashore.' \xv 2. latšʔilitš ʔišʰatʔap \xe 'it (fish) washes ashore sometimes.' \xv 3. tšʰatʔap sitšotšónə́ʔə̀š \xe 'fish wash ashore.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.740.4-741.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx šax \sc Leymus condensatus \ps n \ge giant rye \ge rye, giant \de giant rye \gn carrizo \dn carrizo \ee See also Timbrook (2007: 111 113). \et ɕ \ec Compare with BOI šax ‘sugardcane reed; carrizo species,’ INZ šax ‘cane; carrizo cane; knife made of cane,’ PUY šax̂ ‘giant rye; carrizo’ (Whistler 1980: 30; Harrington 1986: 3.6.30.1) \xv 1. tskumu ʔišax \xe 'four sugarcane reeds.' \sd plants \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.732.3 \dt 22/Sep/2018 \lx šaxšaxšilaʔaš \ps n \ge fishhook.REDUP \de fishhook.REDUP \cf šaxšilaʔaš \ce fishhook \sd reduplications \dt 29/Dec/2010 \lx šaxšiʔiłtš \ps v \ge fish (from anywhere) \de to fish (from anywhere) \mr [] \cf ʔałʔałtšaxšiłtš \ce fisherman (professionally employed) \cf axsił \ce to bite \cf saxsił \ce to cause to bite; to catch \xv 1. no ʔan hukšaxšiʔiłtš \xe 'I am going to fish.' \xv 2. hukʰšaxšiʔiłtš səʔəwək \xe 'I am going to fish surffish (?surf perch).' \xv 3. kikamušamušʰowu lušišaxšiłtš \xe 'they do not let them catch.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd food \sd fish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.732.4-733.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šaxšilaʔaš \rd šaxšaxšilaʔaš \ps n \ge fishhook \de fishhook \ee This may also refer to tackle. \mr [] \sy tsʰa \cf axsił \ce to bite \cf saxsił \ce to cause to bite; to catch \sd tools \sd food \sd ocean \sd fish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.733.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šayšayukšnəʔəp \a saysayuqšnəʔəp \a šayšayuqšnəp \ps v \ge go walking.REDUP \de to go walking.REDUP \cf šayuqšnəʔəp \ce to go walking \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šayšayuqšnəp \cf šayšayukšnəʔəp \ce to go walking.REDUP \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šayukšnəʔəp \cf šayuqšnəʔəp \ce to go walking \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šayuqšnəʔəp \rd šayšayukšnəʔəp \a šayukšnəʔəp \a šayuqšnəp \va (šayuqšnəp) \ps v \ge go walking \de to go walking \ee Note that this form is usually reduplicated. Harrington lists this form with a uvular stop, but it is unclear from comparing the non reduplicated and reduplicated forms whether the velar or uvular stop is the underlying form. \mr [<šayuqš- () + nəʔəp (continue; go on)>] \pd ʔałtšayuqšnəʔəp \pdl n \pdv ʔałtšayuqšnəʔəp \pde to go walking.NZ \sy tinałnaʔał \cf šayuqšnəpəšpi \ce to go by (foot, etc.) \xv 1. no ʔan ksaysayuqšnəʔəp \xe 'I go walking.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʔałtšayuqšnəʔəp \xe 'I walk.' \xv 3. no ʔan hukšayuqšnəʔəp \xe 'I am going to walk.' \xv 4. tšʰayšayukšnəʔəp \xe 'he kept walking.' \xv 5. tšʰayukʰšnəʔəp \xe 'he walks.' \xv 6. xwan ʔan tšʰayšayuqšnəp kahesaqaqsyukuku \xe 'Juan is walking while he is whistling.' \xv 7. laswaywayinaʔał ʔišayuqšnəʔəp xaʔax ʔisʰiliyəwyəw \xe 'she went slowly, sad at heart.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.712.3-714.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šayuqšnəp \cf šayuqšnəʔəp \ce to go walking \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šayuqšnəpəšpi \ps v \ge go by (foot, etc.) \de to go by (foot, etc.) \mr [<šayuqš- () + nəʔəp (continue; go on) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ)>] \cf šayuqšnəʔəp \ce to go walking \xv 1. tšayuqšnəpəšpi loʔkasʔəłəʔəł ! \xe 'go by foot!' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.714.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šayuqštapi \ps v \ge put on (clothes, etc.) \de to put on (clothes, etc.) \mr [<šayuqš- () + tap (to visit; to enter (the residence of)) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)>] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. hukšayuqštapi hesiksapatu \xe 'I am going to put on my shoes.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.714.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šehetš \ps v \ge able (?to lift), be \de to be able (?to lift) \ee Harrington’s speaker indicated that this form often takes the place of suqlep ‘to be able.’ It is therefore unclear, based on the examples, if “lifting” is an inherent part of the meaning of this word. \cf suqlep \ce to be able \xv 1. hukšehetš \xe 'I am going to be able to lift it.' \xv 2. mukšehetš hesikaxon \xe 'I can’t lift this box.' \sd verbs \sd mode \lg JPH \rf 70.742.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šełhe \cf šełxe \ce to be extinct \sd variations \dt 26/Feb/2012 \lx šełkmen \ps v \ge fall in a bunch \de to fall in a bunch \mr [] \cf xmen \ce to fall apart; to fall over \xv 1. kaskitwo hemitəpə̀ loʔkasmaʔam kakuw kispəyəpəyə̀ tšišełkmen loʔkapawapaw kikasʔuwlilo \xe 'and he came outdoors from inside the oak and he came outside and shook his head the flies fell in a bunch and he ate them.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd directions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.1088.2/Roadrunner40-43 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šełxe \a šełhe \va (šełhe) \ps v \ge extinct, be \de to be extinct \mr [] \cf ełxe \ce to go to all \xv 1. neʔešišełxe šipakpakəwaš, neʔemusʔił, neʔešaqšani \xe 'the old ones are all gone, there are no more, they are all extinct.' \xv 2. ʔiti hesałtikumus hesimuwu ʔan neʔešišełxe sikuhkuʔu losixaxaʔax ʔišup ʔan kałʔiyakuhu sikuhkuʔu kʔuwe muʔišukepeš, musiqutitšwałyəkwu sipałpaliʔi \xe 'here on the coast the Indians have become extinct, but in the big mountains there are many and they don't know priests.' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.743.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šenhešitš \a senhesitš \va (senhesitš) \ps v \ge pant \de to pant \mr [] \cf enhes \ce breath; spirit; pulse \xv 1. tšʰenhešitš \xe 'he is panting.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksenhesitš \xe 'I am panting.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd language \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.743.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šepšepšleʔe \ps n \ge lip.REDUP \de lip.REDUP \cf šepšle \ce lip \sd reduplications \dt 23/Feb/2011 \lx šepšle \a ʰepšle \rd šepšepšleʔe \ps n \ge lip \de lip \xv 1. šikšepšle \xe 'my lip.' \xv 2. šepšle saʔałmišup \xe 'lower lip.' \xv 3. šikšepšle saʔałmišup \xe 'my lower lip.' \xv 4. šikšepšle saʔałʔalałpay \xe 'my upper lip.' \xv 5. tspanayəʔəw \xe 'the edge (lip) of a dish.' \xv 6. tsʰukitwo ʔišʰepšle \xe 'he pouts his lips' (as a child does when upset). \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.743.4-744.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šeqetš \a seqetš \va (seqetš) \ps v \ge take off one’s clothes \de to take off one’s clothes \gn quitarse la rope \dn quitarse la rope \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \xv 1. kšeqetš \xe 'I took my clothes off.' \xv 2. hukšeqetš \xe 'I am going to take my clothes off.' \xv 3. tšʰeqetš \xe 'he took his clothes off.' \xv 4. seqetš ! \xe 'take your clothes off!' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.742.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šeqtšelewutš \ps v \ge make smn stick out his/her tongue \ge tongue, make smn stick out his/her \de to make smn stick out his/her tongue \mr [] \cf ʔelew \ce tongue \cf eqtelew \ce to stick out one's tongue \cf eqtšelewutš \ce to stick out one's tongue \xv 1. no ʔan kšeqtšelewutš \xe 'I made him stick out his tongue.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.742.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx šew \cf šew̓ \ce barn owl \sd variations \dt 21/Feb/2014 \lx šewšeʔew \ps n \ge barn owl.REDUP \de barn owl.REDUP \cf šew̓ \ce barn owl \sd reduplications \dt 14/Dec/2012 \lx šew̓ \rd šewšeʔew \a šew \va (šew) \ps n \ge barn owl \ge owl, barn \de barn owl \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI šew̓ ‘barn owl,’ CRZ yulušew ‘owl species’ (Whistler 1980: 53; Harrington 1986: 3.71.476.1) \xv 1. lokašəw̓ ʔan tštšəkələkələ loʔisixway̓ \xe 'the owl grits its claws.' \xv 2. tsʰwałpʰstəxə ʔišwaqʰšik heʔištək lokašew̓ \xe 'the [barn] owl has dots around its eyes.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf Heizer 1952: 56; 71.475.2-476.1, 485.1-489.2, 585.2-587.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šex \ps n \ge sardine \de sardine \sd fish \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 71.121.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx šə \a šə́ \rd šəšəʔə \rd šʰəšʰə \ps n \ge bank (as of sand or dirt) \ge cliff \ge precipice \de bank (as of sand or dirt); cliff; precipice \mr [<šəh>] \cf ʔałšəhə \ce bighorn sheep \cf šəhətš \ce to form a bank; to be vertical \xv 1. tšalinowo lokaxʔanwa loʔispanyəʔəw ʔišʰə́šʰə \xe 'the woman is standing on the edge of the bank.' \xv 2. sinuwu ʔan šʰašlałhəw loʔišə \xe 'the sea makes the bank fall down.' \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.36.1; 90.744.4-746.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx šəʔəł \a šəʔə̀ł \ps v \ge poor, be \de to be poor \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałšəʔəł \pde to be poor.NZ \xv 1. tšʰəʔəłwu lokakuhkuʔu \xe 'poor people.' \xv 2. mupsuyaxunimày hałšəʔəł ! \xe 'do not deceive a poor person!' \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.157.2; Travels136 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šəhətš \ps v \ge form a bank \ge vertical, be \de to form a bank; to be vertical \mr [<šəh (bank) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf šə \ce bank (as of sand or dirt); cliff; precipice \xv 1. tšʰəhətš losiqasqas \xe 'the sand has formed a bank (on the beach).' \xv 2. hesitolu ʔan tsʔił tšaʔaliyaš ʔan tsxmen lokašə kika musiyam kəwə tšʰəhətš. tsʔił sikuw̓ ʔan tsiyołkʔoli kika siyuliʔiš lokaʔaliyaš \xe 'at El Toro was a road and the bank and they did not go down that place for it was steep. there was liveoak, and they turned out around it and got the road again.' \xv 3. tšʰəhətš \xe 'it is vertical.' \sd water \sd verbs \sd geography \rf 81.36.2; 90.745.3, 747.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šələyətəš \a sələyətəš \va (sələyətəš) \ps n \ge smth sown \ge sown, smth \ge smth planted \ge planted, smth \de smth sown; smth planted \mr [] \cf ləyət \ce to sprout \cf sələyət \ce I. plants; garden II. to sow; to plant \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \sd chronometry \sd agriculture \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.358.4; 92.259.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šəłtšələyət \ps v \ge sow.REDUP \ge plant.REDUP \de to sow.REDUP; to plant.REDUP \cf sələyət \ce to sow; to plant \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šəp \cf səp \ce to teach \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šəpəš \ps n \ge student \de student; one taught \gn enseñado \dn enseñado \mr [] \cf ʔałʔałtšəpəšiwaš \ce one who was previously wise \cf ʔałtšəpəš \ce teacher \cf ʔałšəpəšiwaš \ce Coyote; old teacher \cf səp \ce to teach \cf tisəpəsus \ce to tell stories (fables, myths) \sd people \lg TJPH \rf 89.262.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šəpəšiwaš \cf ʔałšəpəšiwaš \ce Coyote; old teacher \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šəpəšmu \ps n \ge carrying thing \ge hammock carrying net \ge net, hammock carrying \ge carrying net, hammock \de where or in which anything is carried; hammock carrying net \ee Consultant had heard this many times, but volunteered that the real name for carrying net is ͽtštiwał. See also Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 279 284) \mr [<šəpəš () + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf tštiwał \ce carrying net; seine net \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.393.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx šəpətəš \ps n \ge bellota (pulverized, but still raw) \de pulverized bellota (still raw) \gn bellota molida \dn bellota molida \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 90.749.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -šəš \cf -šVš \ce reflexive verbal suffix \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šəšəʔə \ps n \ge bank (as of sand or dirt).REDUP \ge cliff.REDUP \ge precipice.REDUP \de bank (as of sand or dirt).REDUP; cliff.REDUP; precipice.REDUP \cf šə \ce bank (as of sand or dirt); cliff; precipice \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šətələš \ps n \ge election \de election \mr [] \cf sətəł \ce to nominate; to call by name \cf tə \ce I. name II. to be called; to be called by name; to name \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.262.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šətəłhəł \a šutəłhətł \va (šutəłhətł) \ps n \ge ant (large red species) \de ant (large red species) \cf həłhəł \ce red pigment consisting of ocher; ruddle \xv 1. tšʔuwił ʔišətəłhət \xe 'a large red ant bit me.' \sd animals \sd insects \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.750.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ši- \hm 1 \cf si-3 \ce inalienable prefix \sd variations \dt 21/Jun/2018 \lx ši- \hm 2 \cf si-2 \ce partitive prefix \sd variations \dt 21/Jun/2018 \lx šiʔiw \ps n \ge elk \de elk \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI šiw̓ ‘elk,’ INZ šɨw̓ ‘elk’ (Whistler 1980: 30; SYBCI 2007) \xv 1. kułwax ʔišlewutš ʔišpaxiwaš ʔišiʔiw \xe 'I cut a strip of elk hide.' \xv 2. loʔkašiʔiw ʔan kašnehet lokawə pakeʔet sałnetpi ʔan katanixaʔax \xe 'the elk resembles the deer, but is much bigger.' \xv 3. lokašiʔiw kaʔatʔaxatš kʔuwe tsʰalala loʔisʰap tsloxuʔùs loʔkawə \xe 'the male elk has many branched horns and it beats the deer.' \sd animals \sd mammals \lg JPH \rf 71.768.1-772.1; 90.339.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šik \ps n \ge headlouse/headlice \ge shell worm \de headlouse/headlice; shell worm \ee Cannot add –itš. \et *Seke \ec Compare BOI šik ‘head louse,’ INZ šik ‘louse,’ OBI (c)pšeqʰe ‘louse’ (Klar 1977: 95-96) \cf ʔałtšik \ce one who has lice \cf pštə \ce body louse/lice \xv 1. pšik hešipyəwəš \xe 'you have lice on your head.' \xv 2. tsʔił šikʰšik \xe 'I have lice.' \xv 3. šik ʔi tʔaya \xe 'shells worms on abalones.' \sd animals \sd insects \sd shellfish \lg JPH \rf 90.750.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šimałtələʔəš \ps n \ge snare \ge lasso \de snare; lasso \mr [] \cf imałtəł \ce to become ensnared \cf simałtəł \ce to lasso \sd tools \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.752.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šimałtətš \ps v \ge lassoer, to be a \ge cowboy, to be a \de to be a lassoer; to be a cowboy \mr [] \cf imałtəł \ce to become ensnared \cf simałtəł \ce to lasso \xv 1. wašətš ʔisamqisənwu siyʔiyʔałtšimałtətš \xe 'it is very nice to watch cowboys who are good at lassoing.' \sd verbs \sd people \sd stative \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.752.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šimilaqša \a šimilaqʰša \va (šimilaqʰša) \ps n \ge land where the dead go \ge underworld \de land where the dead go; underworld \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \sd religion \sd life \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.19 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šimiyi \va (?šimiyaš) \ps name \ge Šimiyi \de present day Simi (Valley) \xv 1. hukʰsupap lokakʰwopʰ suknaʔał (Ϟor sinayuknaʔał) šimiyaš \xe 'I will put my baby on my back when I go to Simi.' \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.589 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šinayəʔəš \a šinayəʔə̀š \a sinayəʔə̀š \a ʰinayəʔə̀š \va (sinayəʔə̀š) \ps n \ge trap \ge pole snare \ge snare, pole \ge deathfall trap \ge trap, deathfall \de trap; pole snare; deathfall trap \ee This refered to any kind of trap, although Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 47, 59 60) identify this as referring also specifically to the pole snare the deathfall trap. \mr [] \cf sinay \ce to put (smth smwh) \xv 1. neʔešuliʔiš lokakšinayəʔəš \xe 'my trap has caught him.' \xv 2. hukeqweł ʔišinayəʔəš kuhušulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'I am going to make a trap to catch the rats.' \sd animals \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.753.1-2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx šipšəł \ps v \ge roast smth on top of coals \de to roast smth on top of coals \mr [] \sy axtaʔak \cf ipšəł \ce to be cooked; to be roasted on top of coals \xv 1. sukuy lamitʔi ! mupšipšəł ! \xe 'boil it! do not roast it on coals!' \sd verbs \sd food \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.631.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šipšipuʔuk \ps n \ge elbow.REDUP \de elbow.REDUP \cf šipuk \ce elbow \sd reduplications \dt 29/Dec/2010 \lx šipuk \rd šipšipuʔuk \ps n \ge elbow \de elbow \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI šipuk ‘elbow,’ INZ šipukʼ ‘elbow,’ puy šipuk̓u̥ ‘elbow’ (Whistler 1980: 30; SYBCI 2007: 339; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \mr [<šipukʔ>] \cf šipukpi \ce to set one’s elbow on \cf šipukʔetš \ce to have corners \cf watišipukpi \ce to bump one’s elbow against \xv 1. hesikšipuk \xe 'my elbow.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.754.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx šipukpi \ps v \ge set one’s elbow on \de to set one’s elbow on \mr [<šipukʔ (elbow) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ)>] \cf šipuk \ce elbow \xv 1. hukšipukpi \xe 'I put my elbow on' (the table, leaning head on hand or not). \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.754.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šipukʔetš \ps v \ge corners, have \de to have corners \mr [<šipukʔ (elbow) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf šipuk \ce elbow \xv 1. ʔałtšipukʔetš \xe 'it has corners.' \xv 2. tšlewutš ʔištuwaš ʔiʔałtšipulʔetš \xe 'a cornered piece of shells.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.754.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šiqil- \cf siqili- \ce having to do with sight \sd variations \dt 30/Aug/2011 \lx šiqiliknaš \a siqiliknaš \a siqiliknàš \va (siqiliknaš) \ps v \ge spy \de to spy \mr [] \cf šiqiliknašmu \ce spy nest \xv 1. no ʔan huksiqiliknaš \xe 'I am going to spy.' \xv 2. ʔałsiqiliknaš \xe 'he is a spy.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.751.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šiqiliknašmu \a siqiliknašmu \va (siqiliknašmu) \ps n \ge spy nest \de spy nest \mr [] \cf šiqiliknaš \ce to spy \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.751.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šiqiłwešxeʔe \a siqiłwešxeʔe \va (siqiłwešxeʔe) \ps v \ge peep through \ge look through \de to peep through; to look through \mr [] \cf wešxeʔe \ce to pass clear through \xv 1. kšiqiłwešxeʔe \xe 'I look out doors with my look only' (my body remaining in the house). \xv 2. no ʔan huksiqiłwešxeʔe \xe 'I peep through a hole or crack [and see somebody or something on the other side].' \xv 3. ksiqiłwešxeʔe ʔan kʰqisə sixʔanwa \xe 'I peeped through a hole and saw a woman.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.548.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šiqšpatʔitš \ps v \ge paresis in one’s legs, have \ge paraparesis, have \ge walk stiffly (as a result of partial paralysis in one’s legs) \ge walk stiffly (as a result of partial paralysis in one’s legs) \de to have paresis in one’s legs; to have paraparesis; to walk stiffly (as a result of partial paralysis in one’s legs) \cf pahaʔa \ce to be stiff \xv 1. no ʔan kšiqšpatʔitš \xe 'I am paralyzed so that I step heavily when I walk.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.752.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šiqtšʔom \ps v \ge make fall (into water) \ge fall (into water), make \de to make fall (into water) \xv 1. kšiqtšʔom \xe 'I make it fall into the water.' \xv 2. no ʔan kiqtšʔom hesʔo \xe 'I fell into the water.' \sd verbs \sd path \lg JPH \rf 90.752.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx šiš \ps n \ge animal \de animal \ee Harrington notes that this is dialectal. \cf nunašəš \ce devil; demon; wild animal \cf yowyow \ce animal; devil \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 70.6.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šišaw \ps v \ge heat smth \de to heat smth \mr [] \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \xv 1. hukšišaw hesixəp \xe 'I am going to heat this stone.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.755.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šišmax \ps v \ge throw at each other \de to throw at each other \mr [] \cf išmax \ce to throw at \xv 1. tšišišmax \xe 'they are throwing stones at each other.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.755.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šitaqnəʔəpš \ps v \ge interpret \ge interpreter, to be an \de to interpret; to be an interpreter \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan hukšitaqnəʔəpš \xe 'I am going to interpret.' \xv 2. ʔałtsitaqnəʔəpš \xe 'interpreter.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.756.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šiwałqlayəʔəš \a siwałqlayəʔəš \va (siwałqlayəʔəš) \ps n \ge smoothing instrument \de smoothing instrument \mr [] \cf iwałqlay \ce to be smooth \cf siwałqlay \ce to make smooth \xv 1. xəp ʔisiwałqlayəʔəš \xe 'rock used for smoothing.' \xv 2. papeł ʔisiwałqlayəʔəš \xe 'sandpaper.' \sd tools \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.756.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šiwałyam \ps v \ge throw over \de to throw over \mr [<ši- () + iwal- (ϡinstrϡ.sudden) + yam (go down; descend)>] \cf iwałyam \ce to slide down \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. lakšiwałyam loʔišə \xe 'I throw it over a bank.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.756.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šiwełmešeʔeš \ps n \ge shuttle (for weaving) \de shuttle (for weaving) \mr [] \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf siwełmes \ce to throw to the other side; to shuttle \xv 1. hešikšiwełmešeʔeš \xe 'my shuttle.' \sd household \sd clothes \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.581.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šiwəš \ps v \ge accompany \de to accompany \ee It is unclear how this differs from the non causative form: ͽiwəʔəš. \mr [] \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \xv 1. hukšiwəšił \xe 'I am going to accompany you.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.757.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šixšilili \ps v \ge shake back and forth \de to shake back and forth \mr [] \cf ixšilili \ce to screech \xv 1. kšixšilili \xe 'I shake a thing us rattlesnake shakes its tail.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.755.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šixwapš \ps v \ge brand \de to brand \mr [] \cf ixwap \ce to burn; to scald \cf sixwap \ce to burn up \xv 1. tsamšixwapš \xe 'they brand them' (the calves) (lit., 'they burn them'). \sd verbs \sd heat \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.271.1 \dt 22/Sep/2018 \lx škuta \ps n \ge east wind \ge wind, east \de east wind \ee Wind from where the sun rises. \mr [] \cf kuta \ce to get up; to slope up \sd meteorology \sd elements \lg JPH \rf 79.29.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx šluqay \cf tšluqay \ce fork \sd variations \dt 04/Sep/2011 \lx šluyət \cf tšluy̓ət \ce knot (in wood) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šmałwilutš \cf tšmałwilutš \ce afterbirth \sd variations \dt 04/Sep/2011 \lx šmenin \cf tšmenin \ce sweet acorn \sd variations \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx šnaxšnaxyəʔət \ps v \ge morning, be.REDUP \ge day (tomorrow), be.REDUP \de to be morning.REDUP; to be day (tomorrow).REDUP \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šoʔo \ps v \ge bitter, be \de to be bitter \gn amargo, estar \dn estar amargo \cf aqnitšʰoʔo \ce to taste bitter \xv 1. tšʰoʔo \xe 'it is bitter.' \xv 2. hukseqenus ʔišʰoʔo \xe 'I am going to leach out the bitterness.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 90.761.1-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šoʔoʔotš \ps v \ge soak smth (in water) \de to soak smth (in water) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv šoʔoʔotšpi \pde to soak smth (in water).APL.LOC \cf ʔo \ce water \xv 1. kšoʔoʔotš \xe 'I wet it with water' (by pouring water on or putting into water). \xv 2. kšoʔoʔotšʔpi soʔo \xe 'I am going to soak it in water.' \xv 3. kikšoʔoʔotšpi loʔkatšʔišow ka ʔiwexeš \xe 'and I wet it in the pounded-up charcoal.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.761.4-762.1; Tomol79 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šolop \rd šolšolop \ps n \ge mud \ge clod (of dirt) \de mud; clod (of dirt) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI šoʼlop ‘mud,’ OBI coʼlo ‘mud’ (Klar 19—a: 36: Whistler 1980: 71) \cf šolopitš \ce to be muddy \cf šolšolop \ce muddy place \xv 1. tsʔił ʔisipat ʔan šolop \xe 'they built mud nests.' \xv 2. kpey ʔišolop hesaʔap \xe 'I put mud over this adobe house.' \xv 3. neʔekayusaxsəw heʔišolop \xe 'this mud is drying.' \xv 4. hukišmax huksunuwus ʔišolop \xe 'I am going to throw a dirt clod at you.' \xv 5. tškaʔaš soʔo ʔišolšolop \xe 'some water is dammed up in that muddy place.' \xv 6. tspat ʔi šolòp \xe 'mud nest.' \sd elements \sd geology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.757.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx šolopitš \ps v \ge muddy, be \de to be muddy \mr [<šolop (mud; clod (of dirt)) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf šolop \ce mud; clod (of dirt) \xv 1. tšʰolopitš hesikpu \xe 'my hand is muddy.' \xv 2. neʔemušʰolopitš hesikpu \xe 'my hands are clean.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.246.3;90.759.4-760.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šolšolop \ps n \ge muddy place \de muddy place \mr [<šolop (mud; clod (of dirt).ϡredupϡ)>] \cf šolop \ce mud; clod (of dirt) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šołxoyoyo \ps v \ge fly up in a flock \de to fly up in a flock \mr [<šal- () + xoyoyo (fly)>] \cf xoyoyo \ce to fly \xv 1. lakʰan supnaʔał losisalinałnałpi səʔəqəy ʔan tšišołxoyoyo \xe 'if you go where the quail are they fly up suddenly in a flock.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.760.2-760.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šomoy \cf šomoy̓ \ce cocklebur \sd variations \dt 21/Apr/2013 \lx šomoy̓ \va šomoy \sc Xanthium strumarium \ps n \ge cocklebur \de cocklebur \gn guachapore (guichapore) \dn guachapore (guichapore) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI šom̓oy ‘clover’ (Whistler 1980: 30) \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (225). Described as a plant that grows in the sanddunes; it has red flowers and thorns. \xv 1. šomoy ʔi ʔałnuna siqasqàs \xe 'cocklebur of the sanddunes.' \sd plants \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 69.69.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šošo \ps n \ge flying squirrel \ge squirrel, flying \de flying squirrel \ee Listed as ϞScirrus Ϟgriseus, which refers to the Western gray squirrel. The difference in meaning between this word and ͽtonton̓ ‘flying squirrel’ is unclear; there is only one species of flying squirrel in California. Whistler (1980: 69) guesses that this cognate in BOI may refer to the chipmunk. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI šošo ‘flying squirrel,’ INZ šošo ‘flying squirrel’ (Whistler 1980: 70; SYBCI 2007: 515) \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.774.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šošoy \a ʰošoy \ps v \ge black, be \ge dark, be \de to be black; to be dark \et *Soy \ec Compare INZ šoyin ‘to be dark-colored,’ OBI pisoʼ ‘to be dark-colored’ (Klar 1977: 80) \cf ʔałtšošoy \ce smn/smth black; black person \cf apišošoy \ce to be dark (from exposure to the sun); to be tanned \cf aputišošoy \ce to be made black with the current \cf kʔiłtšošoy \ce to be somewhat black \cf šušošoy \ce to blacken smth; to cause to be black \cf tošošoy \ce to become black \xv 1. tšʰošoy \xe 'it is black.' \xv 2. tšʰošoy lokašotoyinutš \xe 'where it lay is black.' \xv 3. nikšošoy? \xe 'am I black?' \xv 4. mə, kʔałʔowow \xe 'no, I am white.' \xv 5. no ʔan kʔałtšošoy \xe 'I am black.' \xv 6. hesipinoli ʔan tsixut kaypi ʔan šʰošoy \xe 'this pinole is burnt, and therefore it is black.' \xv 7. yəlaʔa heʔisʔamamə ʔan tšʰošoy kaʔišituš ʔan tšuxš \xe 'his body is all black and his wind breaking smells bad.' \xv 8. heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan ʔałtšʔošoy musʔił hałtšʔwaqšik \xe 'the dog is pure black all over.' \sd verbs \sd colors \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.264.1-4, 265.1; 90.67.4, 763.1-764.4; 91.40.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šotšonəʔəš \cf tšotšonəʔəš \ce fish \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šow \rd šowšoʔow \hm 1 \ps n \ge ankle \de ankle \gn tobillo \dn tobillo \xv 1. skitwo hešikšow \xe 'I wrenched my ankle.' \xv 2. hesikšow \xe 'my ankle.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 90.765.1-4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx šow \a šów \hm 2 \ps n \ge pespibata \ge tobacco \de pespibata; tobacco \ee Pespibata was a mixture of tobacco and ashes from mussel shells. \cf aqnišow \ce to smell like tobacco \xv 1. no kakšow ; no kakʰintšow \xe 'it is my pespibata.' \xv 2. kiyʔuw ʔišow \xe 'let us eat pespibata.' \xv 3. hukʔuw ʔišowʰ \xe 'I am going to eat pespibata' (this is the idiom). \sd plants \sd food \lg JPH \rf 90.765.3-766.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šowšoʔow \ps n \ge ankle.REDUP \de ankle.REDUP \cf šow1 \ce ankle \sd reduplications \dt 07/Jan/2011 \lx šoxtonowotš \ps v \ge toss wheat \ge winnow wheat \de to toss wheat; to winnow wheat \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \cf oxtonowotš \ce to be clean of chaff \cf soxtonowo \ce to winnow \xv 1. kšoxtonowotš \xe 'I toss wheat up in air with a spade to winnow it.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd plants \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.762.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx štakuk \ps n \ge chaparral yucca (plant and also the flower stalks, green or cooked); \ge yucca (plant and also the flower stalks, green or cooked), chaparral \ge bayonet (plant and also the flower stalks, green or cooked), Spanish \ge Spanish bayonet (plant and also the flower stalks, green or cooked) \de chaparral yucca (plant and also the flower stalks, green or cooked); Spanish bayonet (plant and also the flower stalks, green or cooked) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI stakuk ‘chaparral yucca (green flower stalk); Spanish bayonet (green flower stalk),’ CRZ štakuk ‘chaparral yucca; Spanish bayonet,’ INZ stakuk ‘chaparral yucca (green flower stalk); Spanish bayonet (green flower stalk)’ (Timbrook 2007: 226-229) \ee This may refer to the plant itself and also to the green or cooked flower stalks. (Timbrook 2007: 226 229). \sd plants \sd food \lg JT; JPH \rf 81.71.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx štamhəł \ps n \ge plant species \de plant species \ee Described as a tuber that grows in dunes. Its fruits are edible and slightly salty. \sd plants \sd nature \sd food \lg JPH \rf 81.57.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx štaqapqap \cf tštaqapqap \ce leaf; flake \sd variations \dt 14/Dec/2012 \lx štawayək \cf tstawayək \ce plain (geography); valley \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx štekmeł \ps n \ge pinole hard squeezed cake \de pinole hard squeezed cake \mr [] \cf pinoli \ce toasted corn meal \cf tekmeł \ce to squeeze into a cake (corn, pinole, etc.) \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.766.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx štəktəʔək \ps n \ge tip.REDUP \ge point.REDUP \ge lobe (of ear).REDUP \ge peak (of mountain).REDUP \de tip.REDUP; point.REDUP; lobe (of ear).REDUP; peak (of mountain).REDUP \cf tštək \ce tip; point; lobe (of ear); peak (of mountain) \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx štənštəʔəniwaʔaš \cf tštənštəʔəniwaʔaš \ce dog.REDUP; pet dog.REDUP \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx štiwał \cf tštiwał \ce carrying net; seine net \sd variations \dt 21/Jun/2018 \lx štuʔiwaš \a štuʔu \va (štuʔu) \ps n \ge abalone shell with tar-plugged holes \de abalone shell with tar-plugged holes \mr [] \cf tu1 \ce ear \sd shellfish \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.321.1} \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx štuʔu \cf štuʔiwaš \ce abalone shell with tar-plugged holes \sd variations \dt 21/Jun/2018 \lx štuwaʔaš \cf tštuwaʔaš \ce shell (as of shellfish) \sd variations \dt 14/Dec/2010 \lx štuwaš \cf tštuwaš \ce shell of egg; bean/pea pod; nutshell; seashell \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuaqšutš \a šuaqʰšutš \ps v \ge make go straight to \ge go straight to, make \de to make go straight to \mr [] \cf aqšutš \ce to go straight to/towards smn/smth \xv 1. kišuaqʰšutšwu loʔkakiyikumes \xe 'we make them go straight ahead [to] our bridge.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJHP \rf WeirB5 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuheł \cf suwheł \ce to birth; to give birth to \sd variations \dt 28/Aug/2016 \lx šuhunaš \ps n \ge sack fixed and tied (as for carrying on a trip) \de sack fixed and tied (as for carrying on a trip) \mr [] \cf suhun \ce to prepare a load \sd household \sd culture \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.587.1; 91.2.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šukeʔpeš \cf šukepeš \ce Christian (baptized); smn baptized \sd variations \dt 28/Aug/2011 \lx šukepeš \a šukeʔpeš \va (šukeʔpeš) \rd šukšukepeʔeš \ps n \ge Christian (baptized) \ge smn baptized \de Christian (baptized); smn baptized \gn bautizado \dn bautizado \mr [] \cf keʔep \ce to be clean; to bathe oneself; to clean oneself \xv 1. lokałmunakišukepeš \xe 'we who are not yet baptized.' \xv 2. lokanawasiyət ʔišukšukepeʔeš \xe 'when the Christians arrived.' \xv 3. lokašiyišmotš lokašukšukepeʔeš kaʔałʔišuwašətš \xe 'the congregation of the faithful Christians.' \xv 4. lokanaštəʔəʔə kqunup ʔan neʔemusʔił hałxanti, neʔeyəlaʔa šukšukepeʔeš \xe 'when I was a child there were already no more gentiles, all were baptized.' \xv 5. neʔešiyušʰowunwaš lokašiyʔapʰanəšmuʔu yəlaʔa hesikuhkuʔu kineʔemusʔił hałku hešaʔapʔapʰanəšmuʔu \xe 'they had left their villages, there were no people.' \xv 6. ʔiti hesaʔtikumus hesimuwu ʔan neʔešišeʔxe sikuhkuʔu, losixaxaʔax ʔišup ʔan ka ʔiyakuhu sikuhkuʔu kʔuwe muʔišukepeš, musiqutitšwałyəkwu sipałpaliʔi \xe 'here on the coast the Indians have become extinct, but in the big mountains there are many and they don't know priests.' \sd people \sd religion \sd Spanish \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.4.2-6.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šukowowonəʔəš \ps n \ge instrument held slanting \ge bow held slanting \de instrument held slanting; bow held slanting \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 83). \mr [] \cf kowowo \ce to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \cf sukowowo \ce to tilt smth; to hold to one side; to hold an arrow against the left-hand side of bow when shooting \sd tools \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.6.2; 92.286.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šukumšaš \a sukumšaš \va (sukumšaš) \ps v \ge put close together \de to put close together \ee This verb seems to indicate the spatial proximity of items, but it gives no indication of spatial arrangement; this word is said of the relative positions of freely moveable objects as well as of fixed objects. Referred also from ͽkʔiłtšukumšaš. \mr [] \an paqpaq \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumšaš \ce to be close together \cf kʔiłtšukumšaš \ce to be somewhat close together \xv 1. kšukumšašwu \xe 'I put things on the table close together, but not touching.' \xv 2. kʰkʔiłtšukumšašwu \xe 'I put them close together but not near together, a little retirado from each other; I put them thus but farther apart.' \xv 3. kšukumšaʔaʔaš \xe 'I put them very close together.' \xv 4. no ʔan ksukumšaš hesikʔəł \xe 'I put my legs close together' (opposite of spreading legs). \xv 5. sukumšaš losipistukun ! \xe 'put your legs close together!' \xv 6. ksukumšašwu hesixəp \xe 'I put these stones side by side' (in line or other arrangements). \xv 7. no ʔan kšukumšaš \xe 'I make them close together.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.68.1; 91.8.4-9.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šukumunaš \ps n \ge line \de line \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \cf šukumušaʔaš \ce measuring device; measurement \xv 1. kwaqsikus ʔišukumušaš \xe 'I paint a line.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.9.4-10.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šukumušaʔaš \a sukumušaʔaš \va (sukumušaʔaš) \ps n \ge measuring device \ge measurement \de measuring device; measurement \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumšaš \ce to be close together \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \cf šukumunaš \ce line \xv 1. šukumušaʔaš \xe 'measuring stick or any measuring device.' \xv 2. tsʰukumušaʔaš \xe 'the (its) measurement.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.10.1, 612.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šukupinaʔaš \ps n \ge candle \ge light \de candle; light \mr [] \cf sukupin \ce to light a light \xv 1. nełtsʔilił lokašukupinaʔaš \xe 'where is the candle?' \xv 2. tsisuyatikumus lokašukupinaʔaš kinela siyixwap \xe 'it comes near the light and at last gets burnt.' \xv 3. no ʔan huksukupin hesisukupinaʔaš \xe 'I will hang this candle.' \sd household \sd elements \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.613.4; 91.10.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šukustimay \cf šukuštimay \ce to misplace; to lose smth \sd variations \dt 28/Aug/2011 \lx šukuštimay \a šukustimay \va (šukustimay) \ps v \ge misplace \ge lose smth \de to misplace; to lose smth \ee Harrington notes, "no such word as tškuštimay nor tšuštimay nor tštimay." \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf tamay \ce to forget \xv 1. kšukuštimay silibro \xe 'I have mislaid a book.' \xv 2. huksinayus sipita hesikyawyawiʔi, kinelahusiyapiyam kaypi huksinayus hesipita \xe 'I am going to put string on my keys so that if they fall – for that reason I am going to put a string on them.' \xv 3. muhukšukuštimay \xe 'I will not lose them.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.11.1-2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx šukušuk \ps n \ge turtledove \de turtledove \gn tórtola \dn tórtola \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH \rf 71.439.2, 590.1; 91.11.3; 92.292.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx šukuyaʔaš \ps n \ge soapstone olla \de soapstone olla \ee This word is specialized to mean this. \xv 1. šukuyaʔaš ʔikowli \xe 'a copper kettle.' \sd food \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 91.6.3, 9.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx šukuyaš \a sukuyaš \va (sukuyaš) \ps n \ge boiled islay \ge smth boiled \de boiled islay; anything boiled \ee This is a shortened form of the full name šukuyaš ʔiʔaxtatapəš. There is also šukuyaš šaʔałhaputš. \mr [] \cf ʔaxtatapəš \ce islay \cf sukuy \ce to cook smth \cf sułtap \ce to boil \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.7.3-8.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šulałtapi \ps v \ge toss into \de to toss into \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. kišišulałtapi sałmitʔi soʔo \xe 'they tossed it into a place where there was only a little water.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.14.3; 92.296.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šumay \ps v \ge throw into \de to throw into; to cover by throwing into \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. tšamšumay šiyʔitʔepeš lokaʔaqtəpàš \xe 'they threw chia into the fire.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 91.14.4 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx šumeheʔetš \ps v \ge stretch one’s body \de to stretch one’s body \mr [] \cf meheʔe \ce to be unfolded; to be spread open \cf sumeheʔe \ce to unfold smth \xv 1. hukšumeheʔetš \xe 'I am going to stretch.' \xv 2. ksumeheʔetš \xe 'I stretch myself' (like a dog does when he has been sleeping). \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.15.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šunapayəʔəš \ps n \ge stove lid lifter \de stove lid lifter \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \cf sunapay \ce to raise; to make rise; to save \sd tools \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.15.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šunay̓ \a šunay \sc Rhus trilobata \va (šunay) \ps n \ge three-leaved sumac \ge sumac, three-leaved \de three-leaved sumac \ee See also Timbrook (2007: 166 170). \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI šun̓ay ‘manzanita; three-leaved sumac,’ INZ šunay̓ ‘sumac,’ PUY šunay ‘plant species (likely three-leaved sumac’ (Whistler 1980: 30; Timbrook 2007: 166-170; SYBCI 2007: 347; Harrington 1986: 3.6.28.1) \xv 1. saʔałkuʔyət ʔan tsamekwelešpi tsamsunuwus ʔišunay \xe 'they make the pretty one with šunay.' \sd plants \lg TJPH \rf 81.72.4; 89.503.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuniwəš \ps v \ge add one at a time \de to add one at a time \ee Used of adding items to a dish of food. This word is not used for adding two things at a time. \mr [] \cf niwəy \ce to tear off (a small piece of) \xv 1. kšuniwəš šiletši, no ʔan kšuniwəš lokamantekiya kalokaletši \xe 'I mixed milk (into the flour), I mixed butter and milk into the flour' (not used for adding two things). \xv 2. hukšuniwəš hesikaldo ʔi? sanorya kasikolis \xe 'I am going to add carrots to the soup and cabbage.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.16.1; 92.299.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx šunšunuwušaʔaš \ps n \ge tool.REDUP \ge things used (such as tools).REDUP \de tool.REDUP; things used (such as tools).REDUP \cf šunuwušaʔaš \ce tool; things used (such as tools) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šunuškuy \a sunuskuy \va (sunuskuy) \ps v \ge announce, prematurely \ge promise \ge set a date \de to promise; to settle on/announce something before it happens; to set a date \mr [] \cf unuskuyus \ce to announce (to) \cf uškuy \ce to point at; to pertain to \xv 1. hukšunuškuy \xe 'I am going to announce something before it happens.' \xv 2. no ʔan huksunuskuyus lunes \xe 'I am going to set Monday as the day.' \xv 3. no ʔan ksunuskuyił \xe 'I promised you.' \xv 4. tšʰunuškuyił \xe 'he promised you.' \xv 5. no ʔan ksunuskuyiyuw \xe 'I promised you (plural).' \sd verbs \sd language \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.645.2; 91.16.2-3; 92.300.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šunuwušaʔaš \rd šunšunuwušaʔaš \ps n \ge tool \ge things used (such as tools) \de tool; things used (such as tools) \mr [] \cf sunu \ce to use \cf šunuwušutš \ce to use for \xv 1. ksuyeqweł sikaxon ʔan kaqtikat kəwə musʔił kšunuwušaʔaš \xe 'I wanted to make a box but was inconvenienced because I had no tools.' \xv 2. lokašʰunuwušaʔaš \xe 'what it uses.' \xv 3. hešikšunšunuwušaʔaš \xe 'the things I use.' \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.16.4-17.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šunuwušutš \ps v \ge use for \de to use for \mr [] \cf sunu \ce to use \cf šunuwušaʔaš \ce tool; things used (such as tools) \xv 1. kakšunuwušutš \xe 'it is that which I used.' \xv 2. lokapon̓ kakšunuwušutš sikwəp lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the stick I use for hitting the man.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.17.4-18.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šup \hm 1 \ps n \ge smth expansive \ge expansive, smth \ge smth large \ge large, smth \ge year \ge Heaven \de smth expansive; smth large; year; Heaven \ee This word denotes something larger than ͽtsʰow. \cf kawališup \ce last year \cf kawałwališup \ce years past \cf loʔišupiʔiy \ce next year \cf šup2 \ce large hill; earth; dirt; smth below \cf šup3 \ce god \cf šupšup \ce mountain range; hills \cf tsʰow \ce hill \xv 1. pakeʔet ʔišup \xe 'one year.' \xv 2. kəpə heʔišup \xe 'this year.' \xv 3. loʔišupiʔiy \xe 'next year.' \xv 4. tsyətini ʔišup \xe 'the year that comes' (el año que viene). Possibly this means 'next year.' \xv 5. ʔəhə ʔišup \xe 'many years.' \xv 6. lakʰanwa šišup \xe 'every year.' \xv 7. ʔipštewe hałtšup (Ϟor łtšup) \xe 'how many years?' \xv 8. ʔalałpay kamišup kayəlaʔa ʔitiʔišup \xe 'in Heaven and in earth and everywhere.' \xv 9. yəlaʔa heʔišup \xe 'all this world.' \xv 10. yəlaʔa hesiku saʔaliyilikʔe ʔiti ʔišup \xe 'all the people of this world.' \xv 11. ʔiti ʔi šup \xe 'the world here.' \xv 12. ʔapʰanəšmu mišup ; ʔapʰanəšmu ʔalałpay \xe 'the world below ; the world above.' \sd chronometry \sd astronomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.19.1-29.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šup \rd šupšup \hm 2 \ps n \ge large hill \ge earth \ge dirt \de large hill; earth; dirt; smth below \et *šup (PSC) \ec Compare BOI šup ‘earth; god,’ CRZ šup ‘earth,’ INZ šup ‘earth,’ PUY a-šup ‘earth’ (Klar 1977: 83) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv tšup \pde large hill.DIM; earth.DIM; dirt.DIM; smth below.DIM \cf mišup \ce earth (on earth); smwh below \cf šup1 \ce smth expansive; smth large; year; Heaven \cf šup3 \ce god \cf šup ʔi ʔoxtokow \ce Sierra Nevada \cf šupšuʔup \ce earth; dirt \cf šuputš \ce to be dirty; to be covered in dirt \cf tanimišup \ce further below (in the ground) \cf tsʰow \ce hill \cf tšliyək ʔi šup \ce middle of the world \cf tšuptšupiwatš \ce mounds of earth \xv 1. loʔišup sixaʔax \xe 'Sierra Grande.' \xv 2. tsixut loʔišup ʔan xaʔax \xe 'there was a big fire in the mountains.' \xv 3. katšup \xe 'Montaloo Hills.' \xv 4. kawališup \xe 'last year' (also can say lokałwelexš kašup, same meaning). \xv 5. kawałwališup \xe 'in years past.' \xv 6. tštək ʔi šup \xe 'point of land' (as on the coast). \xv 7. tsaxukitwo soʔoxwo ʔišupšuʔup \xe 'the gopher is throwing earth out.' \xv 7. huktokšlolo ʔišupšʔup \xe 'I am going to grab a fistfull of loose earth.' \xv 8. huknaʔał loʔisʰiwey ʔišup \xe 'I am going to the passage to the coast/between hills' (portezuelo). \xv 9. tswey lokašup \xe 'the hill has a passage to the coast/between hills' (portezuelo). \xv 10. tanimišup kaksinowo \xe 'I am going to erect it lower down' (in the ground). \sd geography \sd places \sd geology \lg JPH \rf 91.19.1-29.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šup \hm 3 \ps n \ge god \de god \ee This word is perhaps related to the first homophone. \cf šup1 \ce smth expansive; smth large; year; Heaven \cf šup2 \ce large hill; earth; dirt; smth below \xv 1. loʔišup kayu lišpuwenił \xe 'God will pay you it.' \sd religion \sd mythology \sd culture \lg TJPH \rf 91.26.4, 28.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šup ʔi ʔoxtokow \ps name \ge Sierra Nevada \de Sierra Nevada \cf ʔoxtokow̓ \ce snow \sd places \lg JPH \rf 91.23.3 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx šupexš \ps v \ge mend \de to mend \mr [] \ee Harrington notes: "cannot say ͽhuksupex, always say ͽhukšupexš" \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv tšupeqš \pde to mend something.DIM \cf pexš2 \ce to have mends; to have patches \cf šupexšeš \ce to be full of mends \xv 1. tšʰupexš \xe 'he mends it.' \xv 2. tšpexš \xe 'it has a mend/patch.' \xv 3. yəlaʔa hesipanpantaloʔon ʔan yəlaʔa tsʔił ʔišipexš \xe 'all these pairs of trousers have pathes in them.' \xv 4. no kayukałtšupexšwu yəlaʔa hesipanpantaloʔon \xe 'I am going to mend all these pants.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.30.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šupexšeš \ps v \ge full of mends, be \ge mends, be full of \de to be full of mends \mr [] \cf pexš2 \ce to have mends; to have patches \cf šupexš \ce to mend \xv 1. tšišupexšeš \xe 'there are several mends/rectifications.' \sd descriptions \sd clothes \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.30.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šupeyitš \ps v \ge wear supey̓ \de to wear supey̓ \mr [] \cf supey̓ \ce to make a supey̓ (certain hair style) \xv 1. tšamšupeyitš \xe 'they wear supey̓.' \xv 2. tšamšupeyitšpi \xe 'they wore supey̓ on' (the head?). \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.30.1; 92.307.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šupiliyaš \ps v \ge tarred over, be \de to be tarred over \mr [] \cf piliy \ce to become stuck in smth \cf supiliy \ce to cause to become stuck in smth; to tar smth \xv 1. lokatasa kašupiliyaš \xe 'the tarred over cup.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.30.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šupšuʔup \ps n \ge earth \ge dirt \de earth; dirt \ee This is the reduplicated form. It appears to have taken on special meaning. Note, it is used as both a noun and a verb. \mr [<šup2 (large hill; earth; dirt; smth below.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf šup2 \ce large hill; earth; dirt; smth below \xv 1. tsipʰoʔo lokašupšuʔup \xe 'the loose earth is (in) a little mound.' \xv 2. lokaštəkšeʔeš ʔan tšanišupšuʔup \xe 'it is earth-colored.' \xv 3. tštiyam kəwə musiyapətpət heʔišupšuʔup \xe 'it sinks down because they do not stamp down the earth.' \sd elements \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.31.1-2, 33.1-34.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šupšup \ph ˈʃʊpˈʃʊp \ps n \ge mountain range \ge hills \de mountain range; hills \mr [<šup1 (smth extensive.ϡredupϡ)>] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv tšuptšup \pde mountain range.DIM \pdl n \pdv tšuptšupiwatš \pde mountain range.DIM.DEPR \cf šup1 \ce smth expansive; smth large; year; Heaven \xv 1. mukxiliwasənwu lokalaxəwəł kasiməy kinawa kʰqisənwu loʔišupšup \xe 'I could not distinguish coyotes from wolves when I saw them in the hills.' \sd geography \sd places \sd geology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.188; 91.32.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuputš \ps v \ge dirty, be \ge covered in dirt, be \de to be dirty; to be covered in dirt \mr [<šup2 (dirt, earth) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf šup2 \ce large hill; earth; dirt; smth below \xv 1. hekakʰkawayu ʔan tšʰuputš \xe 'the horse is dirty.' \xv 2. tšuputš hešikitškʔə \xe 'my shoe is dirty.' \xv 3. tšʰupʰutš hesikʔamamə \xe 'my body is dirty with earth getting on it.' \xv 4. hukʰkeʔep \xe 'I am going to take a bath.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.34.2-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šuqalałpašʰəši \ps v \ge curl up on oneself \ge bunch up \de to curl up on oneself; to bunch up \ee No non reflexive form given. \mr [] \cf qalałpaš \ce to be bunched up loosely; to be folded up \cf qalałpay \ce to gather smth up (as a sheet or handkerchief) \xv 1. tšʰuqalałpašʰəši \xe '(the petal) curls all up of its own accord all around.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.86.2; 91.12.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šuqlayəš \ps n \ge song sang by old men assembled at night \de song sang by old men assembled at night \ee No dancing was involved. \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 91.12.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuqoʔotš \ps v \ge cute, be entertainingly \ge entertainingly cute, be \ge charming, be \de to be entertainingly cute; to be charming \ee It is possible that this is said only of something small and diminuitive. \mr [] \cf qoʔo \ce to laugh \xv 1. no ʔan kšuqoʔotš \xe 'I am cute.' \xv 2. tsʔił siqʔonon ʔan tšʰuqoʔotš \xe 'there is a small/cute mouse.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.13.2; 91.13.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šuqonišpi \a šuqonəšpi \va (šuqonəšpi) \ps v \ge make fun of smn/smth \ge fun of smn/smth, make \de to make fun of smn/smth \mr [] \cf qoʔo \ce to laugh \cf šuyašuqonišpi \ce to want to make fun of \xv 1. laʔałtšuqonišpi \xe 'he made fun of him.' \xv 2. tšʰuqonipiyit \xe 'he made fun of me.' \xv 3. tšišuqonišpiyit \xe 'they made fun of me.' \xv 4. pikə sipiyałšuqonəšpiiyuw \xe 'you all are making fun of us.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.290.4; 91.12.3-13.1; 92.294.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuqštahay \a šuqstahay \a šuqštahày \va (šuqstahay) \ps v \ge illuminate \ge give light to \ge dye red \ge red, dye \de to illuminate; to give light to; to dye red \cf uqštahay \ce to be red \xv 1. šuqštahay \xe 'illuminate me here' (hold the lamp for me here in the dark so that I can see what I'm doing). \xv 2. šuqštahayit \xe 'hold the light for me' (imp.). \xv 3. huksuqstahayus \xe 'I am going to hold the light for him.' \xv 4. kəwə hukšuqštahay ʔištiwał \xe 'for I am going to dye red a carrying net' (although Chumash never dyed their nets). \sd verbs \sd elements \sd colors \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.13.3-14.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuš \ps n \ge hair (body) \ge fur \ge wool \de hair (body); wool; fur \et *SuSV \ec Compare BOI šuš ‘fur,’ CRZ ʼikšuš ‘pubic hair,’ INZ šuš ‘hair,’ OBI susi ‘hairy’ (Klar 1977: 89) \mr [<šušʔ>] \cf ʔałtipʔišuš \ce smn with much pubic hair \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \cf ʔepš \ce hair (head) \cf ʔišuš \ce pubic hair \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \cf lana \ce wool \cf pułhewu \ce sheep \cf šušʔutš \ce to have much hair \xv 1. hešikšuš \xe 'the short hair all over my body.' \xv 2. tšʰuš \xe 'his fur.' \xv 3. ʔułʔułyi ʔišlana (Ϟor ʔułʔułyi ʔišʰuš) \xe 'he has long wool' (said of sheep). \xv 4. ʔan musʔił tšʰuš \xe 'but it was not hairy.' \sd anatomy \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.36.2-37.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx šušʔutš \a šušutš \va (šušutš) \ps v \ge have much hair \ge hair, have much \de to have much hair \mr [<šušʔ (hair) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \xv 1. no ʔan kšušutš hesikʔəł \xe 'I have lots of hair here on my leg.' \xv 2. tšʰušʔutš heʔišteleq lokaʔanatʔamam \xe 'the raccoon has hair on its tail.' \xv 3. neʔekʰqišənwaš sihaw̓ saʔałtonowš kisitsʔotsʔohoy ʔan tšišušʔutš \xe 'I have seen some foxes with their hair cut and others with lots of hair.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.44.1; 92.322.1, 323.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šušałkitwo \ps v \ge throw 2+ things out of smth \de to throw 2+ things out of smth \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. kšušałkitwo \xe 'I threw a bunch of them outdoors.' \xv 2. ksiwałkitwo lokakatu \xe 'I threw the cat outdoors.' \xv 3. kšušałtapi \xe 'I threw lots of things in a bunch into the room from outdoors.' \xv 4. ksiwałtapi lokakatu \xe 'I threw the cat into the room from outdoors.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.37.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šušałtapi \ps v \ge throw 2+ items into \de to throw 2+ items into \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. kšušałtapi \xe 'I threw lots of things in a bunch into the room from outdoors' (always collective, of one object have to say the following). \xv 2. ksiwałtapi lokakatu \xe 'I threw the cat into the room from outdoors' (cannot say ͽkšušałtapi of one object). \xv 3. ksiwałkitwo lokakatu \xe 'I threw the cat outdoors.' \xv 4. kšušałkitwo \xe 'I threw a bunch of them outdoors.' \xv 5. kšušałtapi hesipapas hesoʔoya \xe 'I threw the potatoes into the olla.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.38.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šušełxe \a šušełxen \va (šušełxen-) \ps v \ge exterminate \de to exterminate \mr [] \cf ełxe \ce to go to all \xv 1. neʔesiyaxikəhə, hušišušełxénwu \xe 'they are already in ambush, they are going to kill everyone of them to the last man.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.38.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šušitaxmaš \ps v \ge crazy and despised, be \ge despised and crazy, be \de to be crazy and despised \xv 1. no ʔan kšušitaxmaš \xe 'I am a very crazy, despised man.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 91.38.3; 92.315.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šuškuy \ps vt \ge draw smn’s attention to smth \ge show \ge teach \de to draw smn’s attention to smth; to show; to teach \mr [] \cf kuya \ce to turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \xv 1. tsisuskuyus \xe 'they showed attention to him.' \xv 2. hukšuškuyił \xe 'I will teach you.' \xv 3. hukšuškuyił hesalutiyək sikwawli \xe 'I am going to show you what I have in my trunk.' \xv 4. nełkaʔaʔan ? api šuškuyit ! \xe 'how is it? show me!' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.39.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šušnuxiliwəłtš \ps v \ge shame (smn) \de to shame (smn) \mr [] \cf nuxiliwə \ce to be shy; to be timid; to be bashful \cf nuxiliwəłtš \ce to be ashamed; to feel ashamed \xv 1. kšušnuxiliwəłtš lokaxʔanwa \xe 'I shame another' (a woman). \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.39.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šušołyoqo \a šušołyoqon \va (šušołyoqon-) \ps v \ge rinse \ge wash (without scrubbing) \de to rinse; to wash (without scrubbing) \ee This is not said of scrubbing smth. Use ͽuxmałʰitš instead. \xv 1. hukšušołyoqonwu \xe 'I am going to rinse the clams' (means merely to put in water a little and stir up and take out, could say of washing a cloth thus if just putting it in water without really washing it). \xv 2. kšušołyoqo \xe 'I rinse' (with cold or hot water). \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.40.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šušošoy \ps v \ge blacken smth \ge cause to be black \ge black, cause to be \de to blacken smth; to cause to be black \mr [] \cf šošoy \ce to be black; to be dark \xv 1. tšʰošoy lokašotoyinutš \xe 'where it lay is black.' \xv 2. tšʰušošoy sixayanəš \xe 'he made the bed black.' \sd colors \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.40.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šušpawawhani \a šušpawawhanì \ps v \ge ?abyss, be an \de ?to be an abyss \xv 1. kiwə kaštəq loʔkaʔalamšušpawawhanì \xe 'for he lights the abyss with his eye.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf Sun38 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuštałwaxatš \ps v \ge put to work \de to put to work \ee Harrington notes that in Spanish one can also use Ϟtrabajar in the sense of having a man work for you on your ranch. \mr [] \cf tałwaxa \ce to work \cf tałwaxatš \ce to be working \xv 1. hukšuštałwaxatš \xe 'I am going to put [a man] to work.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.40.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuštiqʔuł \ps v \ge cause smn to scratch \ge scratch, cause smn to \de to cause smn to scratch \mr [] \cf tiqʔuł \ce to claw; to scratch \xv 1. hukšuštiqʔulił hesikatu \xe 'I am going to hold this cat out toward you to make her scratch you.' \xv 2. tšʰuštiqʔulit lokaspeʔey \xe 'the [sic, he] made the nose scratch me.' \sd animals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.41.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuštiwał \a šutštiwał \va (šutštiwał) \ps v \ge put in carrying net \de to put in a carrying net \mr [] \cf tštiwał \ce carrying net; seine net \xv 1. kšuštiwał lokawoni \xe 'I put the cora in the net.' \sd verbs \sd hunting \sd fish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.41.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuštow \ps n \ge soapstone slab used for cooking torillas or toasting grains \de soapstone slab used for cooking torillas or toasting grains \ee May refer also or exclusively to boiling stones, which were heated and mixed into acorn mush to cook it (Hudson 1983: 183 184). \sy kumali \sy uqtʔawəyəʔəš \xv 1. hesikšuštow \xe 'my soapstone slab used for cooking torillas or toasting grains.' \sd food \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.42.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šušuliʔiš \a šušuliš- \va (šušuliš-) \ps vt \ge make take \ge take, make \ge make grab \ge grab, make \de to make take; to make grab \mr [] \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. kšušuliʔiš lokakʔoqwo \xe ' I caused him to grab my hair.' \xv 2. ulišit hesikʔoqwo ! \xe 'you grab my hair!' \xv 3. no ʔan kšušuliʔiš \xe 'I gave it into his hands.' \xv 4. no ʔan kšušulišił \xe 'I gave it into your hands.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.42.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šušumutš \ps v \ge tell that one will say \de to tell that one will say \mr [] \cf susumun \ce to sic on \xv 1. no ʔan kšušumutš \xe 'I tell you that I am going to tell him something.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.43.1; 92.321.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šušušumiš \ps v \ge pray to smn for \de to pray to smn for \mr [] \cf ušumiš \ce to pity \xv 1. šušušumiš lyos, lokašaqšaqšanuʔutš kasiʔiyʔalititpe ! \xe 'thou shalt pray God for all the dead and the quick!' \sd verbs \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.43.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šušutš \cf šušʔutš \ce to have much hair \sd variations \dt 05/Mar/2011 \lx šušuyamiš \a susuyamiš \va (susuyamiš) \ps v \ge want to cry.REDUP \ge cry, want to.REDUP \de to want to cry.REDUP \cf šuyamiš \ce to want to cry \sd reduplications \dt 30/Aug/2011 \lx šutakšəkʔə \cf šutaxšəkʔə \ce to frighten; to scare suddenly \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šutapətš \ps v \ge pull up \de to pull up \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf sutapət \ce to pull up; to turn up (said of light) \mr [] \xv 1. šutapətš losipnawas lapapətpət ! \xe 'pull up your petticoats, you are treading on them!' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.41.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šutapšu \a šutapšun \va (šutapšun-) \ps v \ge cause to be bogged down \ge bogged down, cause to be \de to cause to be bogged down \mr [] \cf tapša \ce to become bogged down \xv 1. kšutapšu \xe 'I made it get stuck' (in the mud). \xv 2. huʔamšutapšunwu \xe 'they will cause you to be stuck in a quagmire (or bog).' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.45.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šutaqpatš \ps v \ge pair \ge put close together \de to put close together; to pair \mr [] \cf taqpatš \ce to be close together \xv 1. kšutaqpatš \xe 'I put them together so they are tšištaqpatš.' \sd locations \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.668.4; 91.45.2, 79.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šutaxšəkʔə \a šutakšəkʔə \a šutakšəkʔən \a šutaxšəkʔən \va (šutakšəkʔə, šutakšəkʔən-, šutaxšəkʔən-) \ps vt \ge frighten \ge scare suddenly \de to frighten; to scare suddenly \ee Harrington gives these words separate entries, though by all accounts and translations they are the same word. I assume that the second sibilant has changed the continuation of the preceeding obstruent in some cases. \mr [] \cf axskʔəy \ce to creak (as a tree makes) \cf utaxšə \ce to be feared \cf utaxšəkʔə \ce to be frightened; to be startled; to start \xv 1. kišʰutakšəkʔənit \xe 'and it frightens me.' \xv 2. huksuxuxanuswu (Ϟor hukšutaxšəkʔənwu) \xe 'I am going to scare them.' \xv 3. no ʔan kšutaxšəkʔənwu \xe 'I give them a sudden scare.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.45.1, 4-46.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šutayiš \ps v \ge delicate, be \ge respected, be \de to be delicate; to be respected \ee This refers to a being delicate as a person might be described as. However, this does not by itself indicate 'delicate' as when someone is sick. \mr [] \cf sutayi \ce to respect; to put respect in \cf tayi \ce to respect smn/smth \xv 1. kšutayiš (Ϟor kʔałtšutayiš) \xe 'I am delicate about living and eating and my surroundings, etc. and everything.' \xv 2. tšʰutayiš losixaʔax ʔišup \xe 'that shrine is very respected.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd body \sd health \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.668.3; 91.44.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šutəłhətł \cf šətəłhəł \ce ant (large red species) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šutiqipəʔəš \ps n \ge caulking \de caulking \mr [], [] \cf sutiqip \ce to plug; to fill \cf utiqip \ce to fill \xv 1. lokašutiqipəʔəš \xe 'the caulking.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.682.2-683.3; 91.46.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šutišihitš \ps v \ge make hard \ge hard, make \ge flex \de to make hard; to flex \mr [] \cf kʔitutišihitš \ce to be somewhat hard \cf utišihitš \ce to be hard; to be tough \xv 1. hesikawayu sałʔiyeqe loʔišup ʔan tšutišihitš ʔisitoy̓ \xe 'horses born in the mountains have hard hoofs [sic].' \xv 2. no ʔan kšutišihitš hesikʔamamə kasikʔaxpilił \xe 'I make all the muscles in my body tense and sinews.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.46.3-47.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šutiwešxeʔe \ps v \ge draw out (information) \ge ascertain \de to draw out (information); to ascertain \mr [] \cf wešxeʔe \ce to pass clear through \xv kšutiwešxeʔe \xe 'I get out that which I want to know.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.47.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šutšaqwinpi \ps v \ge finish the last thing \de to finish the last thing \mr [] \cf aqwin \ce to be the only; to be only; to be the last \xv 1. kšutšaqwinpi \xe 'I finished; I did it as the last thing.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.47.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx šutšoho \ps v \ge know (how to do smth) \de to know (how to do smth) \cf šutšohonəšpi \ce to be accustomed to \cf šutšohotš \ce to know much; to know how to do much \xv 1. no ʔan kšutšoho \xe 'I know how to do that.' \xv 2. tšʰutšoho ʔisʰmałtəłtš \xe 'he knows how to shoot.' \xv 3. lawaliʔiʔin tšišutšoho ʔisixoyo \xe 'they soon learn to fly.' \xv 4. musʔił ʔalixipit \xe 'no one know [sic] better' (than I). \xv 5. tšʰutšoho ʔisʔakawayu lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the man is very good on a house' ; 'he knows how to ride.' \xv 6. lanumiš silasʔił saʔałtšutšoho ʔištišəpəš \xe 'there is always someone who knows a different/opposing story.' \xv 7. no ʔan kšutšoho šikšimałtəłtš \xe 'I know how to lasso.' \xv 8. hupsəpus (Ϟor səpus) lokałmušʰutšoho \xe 'though shalt teach the ignorant.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \sd common \lg JPH \rf 91.47.4-50.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šutšohonəšpi \ps v \ge accustomed to, be \de to be accustomed to \mr [<šutšoho (know (how to do smth)) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ)>] \cf šutšoho \ce to know (how to do smth) \xv 1. kšutšohonəšpi sukaqmił sikapʰe latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw \xe 'I am accustomed to drink [sic] coffee all the time.' \xv 2. ʔan mukšuyušʰo hesikapʰe kəwə neʔekšutšohonəšpi \xe 'I do not want to leave off drinking coffee for I am already accustomed to it.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd manners \lg JPH; TJPH \sd cognition \rf 91.50.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šutšohotš \ps v \ge know much \ge know how to do much \de to know much; to know how to do much \mr [<šutšoho (know (how to do smth)) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf šutšoho \ce to know (how to do smth) \xv 1. tšišutšohotš \xe 'they know much, know how to make everything, like the Germans.' \xv 2. kqutiwałyək šaʔałtšutšohotš ʔištišəpə \xe 'I am acquainted with one who knows ?many stories.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.50.4-51.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šutšʔinoqš \ps v \ge groove around (horizontally) \ge make a (horizontal) groove around \de to groove around (horizontally); to make a (horizontal) groove around \mr [] \cf inoqš \ce to cut down (a tree) \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \cf tšʔinoqš \ce groove \xv 1. kšutšʔinoqš \xe 'I make a groove around' ([a] table leg). \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.51.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx šuwakšt \ps v \ge gossip \ge make trouble \ge trouble, make \de to gossip; to make trouble \gn hacer barullo \gn barullo, hacer \dn hacer barullo \xv 1. tšʰuwakštus lokaxʔanwa \xe 'that woman gossips, makes trouble.' \xv 2. huksuwakštus \xe 'I am going to gossip and make trouble.' \xv 3. ʔałtšuwakštus \xe 'a gossip; a man or woman that gossips.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.692.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuwapəyəš \ps v \ge tossed (said of grain tossed in a basket), be \de to be tossed (said of grain tossed in a basket) \mr [] \cf suwapəy \ce to toss on basket tray (said of tossing seeds) \xv 1. neʔešʰuwapəš lokatiliwu \xe 'the wheat is already tossed.' \sd food \sd plants \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.53.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuwaqmaš \ph ʃʊwɑqʰmɑʃ \a šuwaqʰmaš \a tšuwaqʰmaš \ps v \ge scorn (in the archaic sense) \ge neglect \de to neglect; to scorn (in the archaic English sense) \xv 1. no ʔan kšuwaqmaš hesipapas \xe 'I do not take potatoes at the table, I neglect to eat potatoes.' \xv 2. mupšuwaqmaš kakisałnaʔał ! \xe 'do not scorn him who goeth yonder!' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 91.51.4-52.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuwaqštus \cf šuwaqštuš \ce to shut up (one's mouth); to be quiet \sd variations \dt 09/Mar/2011 \lx šuwaqštuš \a šuwaqštus \va (šuwaqštus) \ps v \ge shut up (one's mouth) \ge quiet, be \de to shut up (one's mouth); to be quiet \xv 1. šuwaqštuš, mupałhašiʔi ! \xe 'shut up, don't speak anymore!' \xv 2. no ʔan kšuwaqštuš \xe 'I shut up' (but would hardly use the indicative). \xv 3. mušałhašiʔi \xe 'he spoke no more.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukwe, simpupšuwaqštus \xe 'I am going to sleep, if you don’t make a noise.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.52.2-3; 92.332.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuwašətš \a suwasəts \va (suwasəts-) \ps v \ge believe \ge appreciate \ge pay attention to \de to believe; to appreciate; to pay attention to \mr [] \cf wašətš \ce to be good; to be pretty; to be well \xv 1. no ʔan kšuwašətš liyos \xe 'I believe in God.' \xv 2. nipšuwašətš lokapeqwełwaš kaʔatəšwənəš ? \xe 'have you believed in them?' \xv 3. mukʰšuwašətš \xe 'I do not believe it.' \xv 4. mukʰšuwašətš \xe 'I do not believe it.' \xn 'no lo creo.' \xv 5. musisuwasətsus \xe 'they do not pay attention to him, they do not appreciate him.' \xn 'no le hacen caso, no le hacen aprecio.' \xv 6. muksuwasətsus \xe 'I do not mind or care a darn what he commands me to do.' \xv 7. mukšuwašətšiyuw \xe 'I do not care what you say.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \sd religion \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.26.1, 91.53.3-54.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuwaškumeł \ps v \ge steer \de to steer \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałtšuwaškumeł \pde to steer.NZ \cf kumeʔeł \ce to move straight (to) \xv 1. tšʰuwaškumeł (Ϟor tsʰunuwus) heʔišteleq \xe 'he steers with his veil.' \xv 2. kšuwaškumeł lasikałtsuyeqenpi \xe 'I steer where I want.' \xv 3. lokaʔałtšuwaškumeł \xe 'the steerer.' \xv 4. ʔałtšuwaškumeł \xe 'steerer' ; 'one who steers.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.269.3; 91.55.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuwaštimitʔi \ps v \ge pour in a trickle \de to pour in a trickle \ee Harrington’s speaker was unsure of the meaning of this verb. It may not be well formed. \mr [] \cf mitʔi \ce to be small; to be young; to be small in quantity or intensity \xv 1. kšuwaštimitʔi \xe 'I poured out the water so a mere thread would fall' (as far as informant can guess at meaning). \sd verbs \sd water \sd manner \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.55.3 \dt 22/Jun/2019 \lx šuwaštipołyoqo \hm 1 \ps name \ge Round Mountain \de Round Mountain \sd places \lg JPH \rf 69.631 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx šuwaštipołyoqo \hm 2 \ps name \ge snail shell (big, straight-sided, 3” high) \de snail shell (big, straight-sided, 3” high) \ee The shell represents the exhalation of thought: the thought you have thought goes like a whirlpool and winds up in nothing. \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.631 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuwaštitunaš \ps v \ge crossweave two strings \de to crossweave two strings \ee The speaker did not know this word but accepted it as well formed and meaningful. No that there are two, possible morphological parsings for this word. \mr [], [] \xv 1. šuwaštitunaš ʔiwiqapəš \xe 'crossweaving of two strings.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.56.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuwatamatš \a suwatamatš \va (suwatamatš) \ps v \ge speak secrets \de to speak secrets \mr [] \cf suwatama \ce to talk into smn’s ear \xv 1. tšišʰuwatamatš \xe 'they two are talking in secret.' \xv 2. tsisuwatamatš \xe 'they three plus are talking in secret.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.700.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuwatipšokʔi \ps v \ge knock over \de to knock over; to knock down \mr [] \cf watipšokʔi \ce to fall while in the middle of doing smth \xv 1. kikšuwatipšokʔi \xe 'and I knocked the palo over.' \xv 2. neʔekšuwatipšokʔi hesitolu \xe 'I already took down a bull with a lasso.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.56.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuwatitšʔeq \ps v \ge split apart as when breaking a thing in two \de to split apart as when breaking a thing in two \ee This word used of breaking done with the hands, not with an instrument. \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce I. crack II. to crack; to split \xv 1. pi ʔan pšuwatitšʔeq \xe 'you split it with your hands' (not using any instrument). \sd manner \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.57.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuwatiyətš \ps v \ge carry news of \de to carry news of \ee Based on the translation ‘…and spit them out…’ and use of the imperfective suffix –š, it may be reasonable to assume that this verb has negative connotations (perhaps of gossiping), and it may have been used of someone who did this habitually. \mr [] \xv 1. tšišuwatiyətš \xe 'they carry news or thoughts in their hearts and go and spit them out to other people.' \xv 2. hukšuwatiyətš \xe 'I am going to carry news or thoughts.' \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.11.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuwatušmaxyət \ps v \ge jerk \ge jerk away from \de to jerk; to jerk away from \mr [] \cf ušmaxyət \ce to pull; to be pulled by undertow \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. no ʔan kšuwatušmaxyət \xe 'I jerk the fishline.' \xv 2. ktaktakʰuy sikʰintspeʔey ʔan tšʰuwatušmaxyətit \xe 'I was holding the flower I had and he suddenly jerked it out of my hand.' \xv 3. kšuwatušmaxyət kikuliʔiš heisqəp lokakʰintsʰa \xe 'I gave a jerk and caught the fish in the belly.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.57.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuwatšʔə \rd šuwšuwatšʔə \a suwatšʔə \a šuwatšə \a ʰuwatšʔə \ps v \ge scream \ge give out a cry \de to scream; to give out a cry \et ɕ \ec Compare OBI ʼuwaʼa ‘to cry’ (Klar 19—a: 35) \xv 1. tšuštaʔap, mušpošʰot huki ʔaluštʔey, tšutaxšəkʔə kišʰuwatšʔə \xe 'she put her hand in and not knowing what it was that she was touching she was startled and gave a scream.' \xv 2. no ʔan kšuwatšʔə \xe 'I give a cry.' \xv 3. kikašuwšuwatšʔə \xe 'and she screamed.' \xv 4. no ʔan ksuwsuwatšʔə \xe 'I am giving out a cry.' \xv 5. kasitax ʔi šuwatšə pakeʔet saʔałkʔot \xe 'he heard the yell of one of the broken one(s).' \sd verbs \sd language \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.701.4; 91.58.1-3, 59.1; Coyo19 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx šuwayanitš \a suwayanitš \va (suwayanitš) \ps v \ge wear earrings \ge earrings, wear \de to wear earrings \ee Harrington lists this as the correct form. However, he only lists examples lacking sibilant harmony in the causative prefix. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałtsuwayanitš \pde to wear earrings.NZ \cf suwaya \ce I. earring II. to hang smth; to raise in the air; to put earrings on smn \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. ʔałtsuwayanitš Ϟor tsʰuwayanitš) \xe 'she wears earrings.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.51.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šuweneʔeš \ps n \ge sedative \ge morphine \de sedative; morphine \mr [] \cf we \ce to sleep \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx šuwšuwatšʔə \a suwsuwatšʔə \va (suwsuwatšʔə) \ps v \ge scream.REDUP \ge give out a cry.REDUP \de to scream.REDUP; to give out a cry.REDUP \cf šuwatšʔə \ce to scream; to give out a cry \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuxtišaw \ps v \ge warm smth (not by means of a fire) \de to warm smth (not by means of a fire) \mr [] \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \cf uxtišaw \ce to be warm \xv 1. hukšuxtišaw hesəʔəqəy \xe 'I am going to warm this chicken' (by wrapping it in blankets or holding it to my breast or any way, but not in the fire). \xv 2. huksutikumus hesinə kuhušuxtišaw \xe 'I am going to bring/move the chicken near to the fire so that it will be warm.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.35.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuxułpšuy \ps v \ge singe smn/smth \ge burn smn/smth \de to singe smn/smth; to burn smn/smth \ee The speaker had not heard this word, but thought it sounded well formed. The root is somewhat problematic, but perhaps it refers to dropping pieces of ember that come from a brand taken from a fire. \mr [] \xv 1. kšuxułpšuy \xe 'I hold fire towards a person (burning match, for instance) and try to singe your face or hair with it.' \xv 2. hukšuxułpšuy hesəʔəqəy \xe 'I am going to hold this chicken out over the fire to singe the chicken.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 91.35.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuxułtiʔiškom̓ \ps v \ge put around two times \ge fold into two layers \de to put around two times; to fold into two layers \mr [] \sy suxułtitu \cf ʔiškom̓ \ce two \xv 1. ksuxułtiʔiškom̓ \xe 'I have it as two ropes together.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.35.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuxułtšʔəyətš \ps v \ge disgust \ge cause disgust \de to disgust; to cause disgust \mr [] \cf xułtsʔəyə \ce to be disgusted (by); to take a dislike to \xv 1. lokakawiya ʔan ʔiyʔałtšuxułtšʔəyətš \xe 'the Kawija are dirty Indians' (This is solely the opinion of the original consultant, and may originally have been given only as a syntactic example and or humorously. This example does not reflect the opinions of past and living Chumash, nor does it reflect the opinion of the author). \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.36.1 \dt 12/Jun/2019 \lx šuyamiš \rd šušuyamiš \a suyamiš \va (suyamiš) \ps v \ge want to cry \ge cry, want to \de to want to cry \mr [] \cf miš \ce to cry \xv 1. ksuyamiš \xe 'I want to cry.' \xv 2. tsutiwtiwon tšʰušuyamiš \xe 'he sobs and wants to cry.' \xv 3. kutiwtiwon ksusuyamiš \xe 'I sob and want to cry.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.247.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx šuyapašpaš \a suyapašpaš \va (suyapašpaš) \ph ʃʊjɑˈpɑʃpɑʃ \ps v \ge want to vomit \ge vomit, want to \de to want to vomit \mr [] \cf pašpaš \ce to vomit \xv 1. kaqnixułtsʔəyə, ksuyapášpaš \xe 'I am seasick, I want to vomit' (but say same word of sick feeling in stomach caused by eating fruit or anything here on dry land). \sd body \sd verbs \sd health \lg TJPH \rf 89.49.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuyapoʔoš \ps v \ge go collecting pinenuts \ge pinenuts, go collecting \de to go collecting pinenuts \mr [] \cf ʔałtšuyapoʔoš \ce Milky Way \cf poš \ce heart; pinenut; pinyon nut \xv 1. hukišuyapoʔoš \xe 'we three will go piñoning.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.359; 91.3.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuyaqša \a ʰuyaqša \a suyaqša \ps v \ge seriously ill, be \ge diseased, be \ge want to die \ge die, want to \de to be seriously ill; to have a disease; to want to die \ee Harrington’s consultant notes that ͽhukšuyaqša ‘I am sick’ is a bad word, for it means clearly ‘I want to die.’ When one is sick, one does not want to die. The meaning of ‘being sick’ may be influenced from Spanish. \cf aqša \ce to die \mr [] \xv 1. tšʰuyaqša ʔan tšnapiyətus \xe 'she was very sick.' \xv 2. tšʰuyaqša heʔišpoš \xe 'he has heart disease.' \xv 3. hukxiliʔik šaʔałtšuyaqša \xe 'I am going to take care of the sick man.' \xv 4. pqisənwuʔu šiʔiyʔałtšuyaqša \xe 'thou shalt visit the sick.' \xv 5. lokasiyʔap kaʔiyʔałtšuyaqša \xe 'the hospital.' \xv 6. ʔałtšuyaqša \xe 'one who is sick.' \xv 7. kəwə ksuyaqša \xe 'because I am sick.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd health \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.73, 265.2-266.2; 90.588.4; 91.2.3-3.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx šuyašatiwəš \a ʰuyašatiwəš \ps v \ge want to marry \ge marry, want to \de to want to marry \mr [] \cf šatiwə \ce spouse \cf šatiwəš \ce to marry smn \xv 1. kikašʰuyašatiwəš \xe 'and he wanted to marry her.' \sd lifecycle \sd verbs \rf Glutton13 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuyašuqonišpi \ps v \ge want to make fun of \ge make fun of, want to \ge fun of, want to make \de to want to make fun of \mr [] \cf qoʔo \ce to laugh \cf šuqonišpi \ce to make fun of smn/smth \xv 1. lošipałtšuyašuqonišpiyiyuw \xe 'your wanting to make fun of us.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.13.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuyawelexš \ps v \ge want to pass \ge pass, want to \de to want to pass \mr [] \cf welexš \ce to pass \xv 1. mupšuyawelexš loʔisiliyək lokaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ! \xe 'do not pass into the midst of them!' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.658.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuyoʔoštəš \a suyaoštəš \va (suyaoštəš) \ps v \ge want to fuck \ge fuck, want to \de to want to fuck \mr [] \cf ʔałtšuyoʔoštəš \ce fucker; one who wants to fuck \cf ʔoš \ce to have sex with; to fuck \xv 1. kšuyoʔoštəš \xe 'I want to fuck.' \xv 2. mupšuyoʔoštəš \xe 'do not fornicate.' \xv 3. ʔałtšuyoʔoštəš \xe 'he is a fucker.' \xv 4. kqisqisənwunwaš šiʔišʔatʔaxtʔaxatš səʔəqəy, pakeʔet ʔan xaʔax kilokatsʔohoy ʔan tanimitʔi, kʰanwa ʔišʰuyoʔoš lokamitʔi lokaxʔanwa kəʔəqəy ʔan tsmaqutinaʔał lokaxaʔax kištitap lokatanimitʔi \xe 'I used to see roosters, one was big and one smaller, when the little one wanted a hen the big one came running and chased the little one away.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.308.4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx šuyoxšoł \ps v \ge want to urinate \ge urinate, want to \de to want to urinate \mr [] \cf oxšoł \ce to urinate \xv 1. kšuyoxšoł \xe 'I want to urinate.' \xv 2. tšoxšołpi lokanə \xe 'he urinated in the fire.' \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.294.3-296.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuyuliʔiš \a ʰuyuliʔiš \ps v \ge go to grab ahold of \ge want to grab ahold of \ge grab ahold of, want to \de to go to grab ahold of; to want to grab ahold of \mr [] \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. tšʰuyuliʔiš lokaxʔanwa ʔan tskʔilikitwo hesoʔo \xe 'he went to grab hold of the woman but she rushed out of the water.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg TJPH \rf Glutton172-173 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuyuškum \ps v \ge want to catch (by reaching for) \ge catch (by reaching for), want to \de to want to catch (by reaching for) \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \cf uškum1 \ce to reach for \xv 1. lasʰuyuskumkumuʔus kuhušuliʔiš kʔuwe mušahaʔaškiwə məʔək \xe 'the baby was reaching out its arms to take hold of its mother but could not reach her for she was too far away.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd emotions \lg TJPH \rf 91.456.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šuyušʰo \ps v \ge want to let go \ge let go, want to \de to want to let go \mr [] \cf ušʰo \ce to leave; to let; to let go; to release; to allow; to permit \xv 1. kšuyušʰo \xe 'I want to let it go.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 91.440.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx šuyuwatšəši \a suyuwatšəši \va (suyuwatšəši) \ps v \ge craven, be \ge cowardly, be \ge narcissistic, be \de to be craven; to be cowardly; to be narcissistic \ee It is noted that “such a man is no good for anything, this word means that he loves and cares for himself.” \mr [] \xv 1. kšuyuwatšəši \xe 'I take good care of myself.' \xv 2. no ʔan kšuyuwatšəši \xe 'I am a cowardly man' (afraid to fight, afraid to bathe, etc.). \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.460.1; 91.4.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -šVš \a -šaš \a -šeš \a -šəš \va (-šaš, -šeš, -šəš) \ps vsuf \ge REFL \de reflexive verbal suffix \ee Glossed as REFL. \cf -nəʔəš \ce reciprocal verbal suffix \cf luqumšaš \ce to grow together (straight out together the same distance apart not touching) \cf qolokʔitšaš \ce to put a belt on oneself \cf qiliyamšəši \ce to look at one's body \cf šaqšiłtšaši \ce to be contained in; to contain oneself inside smth \cf šukumšaš \ce to put close together \cf tikumšaš \ce to be bundled together; to be near each other \xv 1. hesikuhkuʔu ʔan latšə ʔisinaʔał losuʔutʔam latšə šiʔišaʔaw, ʔan pakeʔet ʔisʰinałmu, kinelašeqwełtšeši šaʔaliyaš \xe 'the people kept going to the river on the same way and at last a trail arose.' \xv 2. alaxwitšaš ! \xe 'cover yourself up or over again with the blankets!' (said to a man in the night when he kicks the blankets off his bed). \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \lg TJPH; JPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx šʰəšʰə \ps n \ge bank (as of sand or dirt).REDUP \ge cliff.REDUP \ge precipice.REDUP \de bank (as of sand or dirt).REDUP; cliff.REDUP; precipice.REDUP \cf šə \ce bank (as of sand or dirt); cliff; precipice \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ta \rd tahta \sc Quercus lobata \ps n \ge oak, valley \ge valley oak \de valley oak \et *taʔ \ec Compare BOI taʼ ‘oak species,’ INZ taʼ ‘oak species,’ OBI taʼ ‘oak species,’ PUY taʼḁ (Klar 1977: 102; Harrington 1986: 3.6.27.2) \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (163 164) \mr [] \cf kuw̓ \ce coast live oak \cf məs1 \ce scrub oak; Nuttall’s scrub oak \cf mišax \ce blue oak; acorn of oak (not coast live oak) \xv 1. kapaqtaha heʔismaʔam sita \xe 'I am in the shade of an oaktree.' \sd plants \sd trees \lg JPH \rf 88.60; 92.661.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ta- \ps vpre \ge POL \de polite verbal prefix \ee Harrington notes this is used to ask questions and ‘to make it sound better.’ It seems that this may only be used with direct address (from first person to second). Glossed as POL. \xv 1. tapsuyaqmilu \xe 'are you thirsty?' \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd manners \lg JPH \rf 91.62.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx taʔa \ps prcl \ge take it in your hand! \ge put out your hand to take it! \de take it in your hand!; put out your hand to take it! \ee When giving something one has to say ͽkʰe, ‘here it is.’ The words ͽtaʔa and ͽikšit are similar in meaning. \cf kʰe \ce here it is \lg JPH \rf 91.62.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx taʔaw \ps v \ge give (away) \de to give (away) \ee Can be said of giving away something like an inkwell, but can also be said of giving a child away. \cf ikš \ce to give; to hand to \cf yik \ce to give \xv 1. tštawit \xe 'I am going to give it away' \xv 2. ktaʔaw \xe 'I am going to give it away.' \xv 3. tsamtawit siqʔanwawaš \xe 'they gave me as a present to an old woman.' \xv 4. tsamtawit poli \xe 'they gave me to Poli.' \xv 5. tštaʔaw, musʔił ʔaliwakan \xe 'he gave something away as a present.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \lg JPH \rf 91.62.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tahta \ps n \ge valley oak.REDUP \ge oak, valley.REDUP \de valley oak.REDUP \cf ta \ce valley oak \sd reduplications \dt 22/Jun/2018 \lx takaka \ps onom \ee Sound made by the male quail. \xv 1. tsʔipʰ, “takakà” \xe 'it [the quail] says, “takaka” ' (said of the male quail). \sd language \sd onomatopoeia \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.447.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx taksuwe \ps v \ge put to sleep \de to put to sleep \mr [] \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. taksuwe \xe 'put him to sleep' (said of baby). \sd verbs \sd routine \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.66.2; 93.171.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx takšyəyə \a takšəyən \a takʰšəyən \a takšyəyən \va (takšəyən-, takšyəyən-) \ps v \ge pity \ge make love to \ge tender toward, be \ge love to, make \de to pity; to make love to; to be tender toward \ee It is unclear which of these meanings is the primary for this word. Harrington seems to have thought 'to pity' was the main translation, but then he gave the sentences in examples 4 and 5. \xv 1. takšyəyəniyuw ! \xe 'pity us!' ; 'have pity on us!' \xv 2. tštakšyəyənit \xe 'he pities me.' \xv 3. huktakšyəyənił \xe 'I shall pity you.' \xv 4. huktakšyəyə \xe 'I am going to make love to that woman.' \xv 5. huštakšyəyə \xe 'he is going to make love.' \xv 6. kipošotš ʔan musʔił tsʔohoy ʔałtakʰšəyəniyuw \xe 'we know that there is no other that is [as] tender toward us.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.66.3-4; Prayer6 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx taktaktə \ps v \ge slay.REDUP \ge kill.REDUP \ge butcher.REDUP \ge hit.REDUP \de to slay.REDUP; to kill.REDUP; to butcher.REDUP; to hit.REDUP \cf taktə \ce to slay; to kill; to butcher; to hit \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx taktakuy \cf taktakʰuy \ce to hold (in the hands).REDUP; to keep.REDUP \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx taktakʰuy \a taktakuy \va (taktakuy) \ps v \ge hold (in the hands).REDUP \ge keep.REDUP \de to hold (in the hands).REDUP; to keep.REDUP \cf takʰuy \ce to hold (in the hands); to keep \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx taktə \rd taktaktə \ph tɑkʰtǝ \a takʰtə \a taktəl \va (taktəl-) \ps v \ge slay \ge kill \ge butcher \ge hit \de to slay; to kill; to butcher; to hit \ee This means to kill when used with an animal but to hit when used of another person. \sy ałwa \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv taktəšaši \pde to slay REFL.CPLV; to butcher REFL.CPLV; to murder REFL.CPLV; to hit.REFL.CPLV \cf ʔałʔałtaktə \ce hunter \cf matitaktə \ce to kill first \xv 1. huktaktə hekakʰinwaka \xe 'I am going to kill my cow.' \xv 2. hukałwa hešaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to kill this man.' \xv 3. lašušʰo kisamtaktəlit \xe 'he let them fight me.' \xv 4. tštaktə sitimew montsow \xe 'a weasel killed a rabbit.' \xv 5. hesiməy ʔan latšə ʔisitaktəwu šaʔałhaputš \xe 'the wolves used to kill a lot of cattle.' \xv 6. muhuksunitaktə \xe 'I am not going to kill anything.' \xv 7. muhuksunisuyataktə \xe 'I am not going to want to kill anything.' \xv 8. lokaʔiʔałʔałtaktəwu kanutria \xe 'the otter hunters.' \xv 9. mupsuyataktə ! \xe 'do not kill!' \xv 10. huki hałptaktə ? \xe 'what did you kill when hunting?' \xv 11. ʔałʔalałwa \xe 'murderer.' \xv 12. hukałwanił \xe 'I am going to murder you.' \xv 13. no ʔan ktaktəšəši \xe 'I killed myself.' \xv 14. kay ʔan tsamtaktə kaštapinə \xe 'they struck him yesterday.' \xv 15. huktaktəlił \xe 'I am going to hit you.' \xv 16. kayuktaktəlił \xe 'I am going to hit you.' \xv 17. huptaktəlit \xe 'you are going to hit me.' \xv 18. tštaktaktəliyuw \xe 'he is hitting us.' \xv 19. huktakʰtə \xe 'I am going to hit him.' \xv 20. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tštaktəlit \xe 'this man hit me.' \xv 21. huštaktəyuw \xe 'he will hit us.' \xv 22. kištaktə \xe 'and we killed him.' \xv 23. mupsuyataktə ! \xe 'do not kill!' \xv 24. huki hałptaktə ? \xe 'what did you kill when hunting?' \xv 25. hukʰtakʰtəšašì \xe 'I am worn out tired like dead.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd lifecycle \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.283.3; 91.67.2-74.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx taktəʔəš \a takʰtəʔəš \va (takʰtəʔəš) \ps n \ge four-legged animal \ge animal, four-legged \de four-legged animal \xv 1. taktəʔəš ʔiʔałtsuheł \xe 'an animal who gives birth to' (such as a mammal). \xv 2. taktəʔəš ʔiʔałtum \xe 'animal that lays eggs.' \xv 3. taktəʔəš ʔiʔałtsukutet \xe 'animal that suckles.' \xv 4. yəlaʔa hesitaktaktəʔəš ʔan tšiqałkənəʔət xesu kristo kisiyenhespi, kilakəkš lokamula kałmuštiyət, tšipipšoš kismaqutinaʔał \xe 'all the animals got in a circle around Jesus Christ and they breathed upon him, but the mule alone did not draw near, he was puffing or snorting and he went away.' \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 91.69.3, 74.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx takulaqšaʔa \cf taqulaqšaʔa \ce to be tired or stiff from being in one position too long \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx takuy \cf takʰuy \ce to hold (in the hands); to keep \sd variations \dt 16/Dec/2010 \lx takwəʔə \a takwən \va (takwən-) \ps v \ge crush islay \ge islay, crush \de to crush islay \cf takwənaʔaš \ce ?instrument for crushing islay \xv 1. huktakwəʔə \xe 'I am going to crush islay.' \xv 2. huktakwənwaʔaš \xe 'I was going to go and did not.' \xv 3. neʔektakwənwaʔaš \xe 'I already went.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.75.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx takwənaʔaš \ps n \ge ?instrument for crushing islay \de ?instrument for crushing islay \mr [] \cf takwəʔə \ce to crush islay \sd tools \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.75.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx takʰuy \rd taktakʰuy \a takuy \a takúy \va (takuy) \ps v \ge hold (in the hands) \ge keep \de to hold (in the hands); to keep \ee Harrington notes that the pronunciation of ͽtakuy is “absolutely wrong.” However, as can be seen in the examples, one such form is given. \cf alitakʰuy \ce to hold in one's hands \cf sustakʰuy \ce to give to carry \xv 1. tštakʰuy \xe 'he holds it in his hands.' \xv 2. ktakʰuy \xe 'I carry a thing in my hand' (as one carries a pen in the hand). \xv 3. kuliʔiš \xe 'I take hold of a thing.' \xv 4. ʔəhə ʔišup ʔištakʰuy \xe 'he kept it many years as a pet.' \xv 5. sinawa kʰkumli lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan stakuy ʔisʔəw \xe 'when I arrived the man had his knife in his hand' (but had not stabbed the woman yet). \xv 6. tštaktakʰuy lokaštałhəw \xe 'she was holding her baby in her arms.' \xv 7. huštakʰuyit \xe 'he is going to have me' (as a son). \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.75.3-78.2; Glutton72-73 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tal- \a tał- \a tatʔ- \a toł- \va (tał-, tatʔ-, toł-) \ps vpre \ge of grasping action \ge grasping action, of \ge INSTR.grasping \de of grasping action \ee Glossed as INSTR.grasping. \et *tVl- \ec Compare BOI tal- ‘of the hand, of grasping,’ INZ tal- ‘of the hand, of grasping,’ OBI toł- ‘of the hand, of grasping’ (Klar 1977: 59) \mr [] \cf nutałtutš \ce to take hold of with both hands \cf tałkaw̓ \ce to grasp with the left hand \cf tałkənəʔət \ce to wrap one's arms around (so the hands touch) \cf tałkuyuw̓ \ce to grasp with the right hand \cf tałmasəx \ce to grasp three \cf talmululuk \ce to strip by hand \cf tałtsəx \ce to grasp/hold firmly \cf tałtšliyək \ce to hold in the middle \cf tałtšnuxš \ce to grasp smn's nose \cf tałwayap \ce to swap \cf tałwiłpi \ce to grasp (two things) side by side \cf tatʔaqləw \ce to grab by the throat \cf tatʔismo \ce to take hold of in a group \cf tatʔuliʔiš \ce to hold firm \cf tołnokš \ce to embrace with the arms \cf uštałnaʔał \ce to assist smn; to take care of smn \cf uštatʔaqšikšaši \ce to take good care of oneself \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd body \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx talatał \ps v \ge enter into bargain \de to enter into a bargain \mr [] \xv 1. kištalatał \xe 'let us enter into a bargain.' \xv 2. kišwayapš \xe 'let’s swap, exchange.' \sd verbs \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH, JPH \rf 91.80.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tałhəw \ps n \ge offspring \de offspring \gn muñeca \dn muñeca \ee This seems to refer to young children only. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv tanhəw \pde offspring.DIM \cf tałhəwəš \ce doll \cf tałhəwitš \ce to have young children \xv 1. huki hałptałhəw ? \xe 'which sex did you give birth to?' \xv 2. huksutinay̓ hesiktałhəw \xe 'I am going to put my baby offspring on cradle.' \xv 3. tšušʰo loʔištałhəw \xe 'she abandoned her child.' \xv 4. kumeliwaš ʔixʔanwa tšwatšʔəw ʔistałhəw \xe 'bad woman, she left her child.' \xv 5. huksukutet hesikʰtałhəw \xe 'I am going to suckle this my offspring.' \xv 6. tštałhəw \xe 'young son.' \xv 7. tštałhəw ʔi ʔałtołmow \xe 'child of a rotten one' (refers to a species of newt, no doubt because of its habit of living in rotten logs). \sd kinship \sd people \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 91.80.2-81.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tałhəwəš \ps n \ge doll \de doll \mr [] \cf tałhəw \ce offspring \xv 1. kʰqisə sitałhəwəš \xe 'I saw a doll.' \xv 2. kʰqisə lokaptałhəw \xe 'I saw your doll.' \sd gaming \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.82.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tałhəwitš \ps v \ge have young children \ge young children, have \de to have young children \mr [] \cf tałhəw \ce offspring \xv 1. tštałhəwitš \xe 'she has a child.' \xv 2. ʔałtałhəwitš \xe 'one with children.' \xv 3. tsyət sipułhewu ʔałtałhəwitš \xe 'a sheep is coming with its young.' \sd kinship \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.82.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx taliw \ps n \ge sinew-backed bow \ge bow, sinew-backed \de sinew-backed bow \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 92 95). \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ talipʼ ‘sinew-backed,’ PUY talipʼi̥ ‘(sinew-backed) bow’ (Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \cf taliwitš \ce to have a bow \xv 1. hesikʰtaliw \xe 'my bow.' \xv 2. heʔismət hesiktaliw \xe 'the back of my bow.' \xv 3. heʔismaʔam hesiktaliw \xe 'the inside (belly) of my bow.' \xv 4. huksuqantiqnowowo heʔisʰintsʔaxpilił hekaktaliw \xe 'I am going to shorten my bowstring.' \xv 5. tspsnekey heʔištək sitaliw \xe 'the point of the sinew-backed bow is bent backward.' \xv 6. tsispsnekey heʔištəktə́ʔək sitaliw \xe 'the two points of the sinew-backed bow are bent backwards.' \sd archery \sd tools \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.83.1-84.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx taliwitš \ps v \ge have a bow \ge bow, have a \de to have a bow \mr [] \cf taliw \ce sinew-backed bow \xv 1. tštaliwitš \xe 'he has a bow.' \sd verbs \sd archery \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.84.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tałkaw̓ \ps v \ge grasp with left hand \de to grasp with the left hand \mr [] \sy axukaw̓ \cf kaw̓ \ce I. left (direction) II. to be left (direction) \cf tałkuyuw̓ \ce to grasp with the right hand \xv 1. ktałkaw̓ (Ϟor kaxukaw̓) \xe 'I grasp it with my left hand.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.84.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tałkənəʔət \ps v \ge wrap arms around (so the hands touch) \de to wrap one's arms around (so the hands touch) \mr [] \cf kənəʔət \ce to go around; to put around \xv 1. ktałkənəʔət \xe 'I put my arms completely around it so my hands touch together.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.85.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tałkuyuw̓ \ps v \ge grasp with right hand \de to grasp with the right hand \mr [] \sy axukuyuw̓ \cf kuyuw̓ \ce to be (on the) right \cf tałkaw̓ \ce to grasp with the left hand \xv 1. ktałkuyuw̓ (Ϟor kaxukuyuw̓) \xe 'I take hold of it with my right hand.' \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.85.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tałmasəx \ps v \ge grasp three \de to grasp three \mr [] \cf masəx \ce three \xv 1. ktałmasəx \xe 'I grasp three.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.85.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx talmululuk \ps v \ge strip by hand \de to strip by hand \mr [] \xv 1. ktałmululuk \xe 'I strip by hand' (as one strips olives from a tree). \xv 2. kmaxwululuk \xe 'I pull a string of bowknot.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd body \rf 91.86.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tałtałhəʔəw \ps n \ge offspring.REDUP \de offspring.REDUP \cf tałhəw \ce offspring \sd reduplications \lg TPH, KO \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tałtałwaxa \ps v \ge work.REDUP \de work.REDUP \cf tałwaxa \ce to work \sd reduplications \dt 22/Jun/2018 \lx tałtu \ps v \ge grasp two \de to grasp two \mr [] \cf nutałtutš \ce to take hold of with both hands \xv 1. ktałtu šimiyaš \xe 'I take two string in my hand together side by side.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.86.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tałtsəx \ps v \ge grasp/hold firmly \ge hold/grasp firmly \de to grasp/hold firmly \mr [] \xv 1. kʰtałsəx \xe 'I grip or grab firmly and hold' (as I grab a man by his wrist firmly and hold him). \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.86.3-87.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tałtšliyək \ps v \ge hold in the middle \de to hold in the middle \mr [] \cf liyək \ce middle \xv 1. kʰtałtšliyək \xe 'I take hold of a stick in the middle with my hand.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.87.2; 93.187.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tałtšnuxš \ps v \ge grasp smn's nose \de to grasp smn's nose \mr [] \cf nuxš \ce nose \xv 1. ktałtšnuxš \xe 'I grabbed hold of his nose.' \xv 2. tštałtšnuxšit \xe 'he grabbed hold of my nose.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.87.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tałwatə \ps n \ge potholder \de potholder; smth to take hold of a hot thing with so as not to burn one's hands \mr [] \xv 1. ktałwatəšpi lokapanyu \xe 'I used my handkerchief for lifting [the] stovelid.' \sd food \sd tools \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.89.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tałwatəšpi \ps v \ge lift smth hot with a potholder \de to lift something hot with a potholder \mr [] \xv 1. ktałwatəšpi lokapanyu \xe 'I used my handkerchief for lifting [the] stovelid.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.89.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tałwaxa \rd tałtałwaxa \ps v \ge work \de to work \mr [] \cf šuštałwaxatš \ce to put to work \cf tałwaxatš \ce to be working \xv 1. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan latšə ʔištałwaxa \xe 'this man works all the time.' \xv 2. no ʔan ktałtałwaxa kiskum šaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I was working and a man came.' \xv 3. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tštałtałwaxa lokasqiłmes \xe 'this man is working in the islands.' \xv 4. ktałwaxaʔa \xe 'I went over to work.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.88.1-2 \dt 16/Jul/2019 \lx tałwaxatš \ps v \ge working, be \de to be working \mr [] \cf šuštałwaxatš \ce to put to work \cf tałwaxa \ce to work \xv 1. hukšuštałwaxatš \xe 'I am going to put a man to work.' \xv 2. huktałwaxatš \xe 'I am going to work.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.89.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tałwayap \ps v \ge swap \de to swap \mr [] \cf wayap \ce to trade to \xv 1. ktałwayap \xe 'I made a trade.' \xv 2. kwayapus lokaʔatʔaxatš hesikʰkawayu \xe 'I swapped my horse to the man.' \xv 3. kišwayapš \xe 'let us swap.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.87.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tałwiłpi \ps v \ge grasp (two things) side by side \de to grasp (two things) side by side \mr [] \xv 1. kʰtałwiłpinwu hesiyayaʔa \xe 'I grasped the two arrows so that they were side by side in my hand.' \xv 2. kʰtałwiłpi hesilapis kahesikutšala \xe 'I grasp this pencil side by side with the spoon.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.190.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tamay \ps v \ge forget \de to forget \et *t-may(a) \ec Compare BOI tʼamay ‘to forget,’ CRZ t-may(a) ‘to forget,’ INZ tam̓ay ‘to forget,’ OBI ne ‘lose onself, get lost, be late’ (Klar 1977: 88) \mr [] \cf ʔałʔałtamay \ce forgetful person \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf šukuštimay \ce to misplace; to lose smth \xv 1. ktamay \xe 'I forget.' \xv 2. hesiktete ʔan latšə ʔištamay \xe 'my mother is forgetful.' \xv 3. neʔektamayił \xe 'I do not remember you.' \xv 4. ktamay lokaštə \xe 'I have forgotten his name.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.51; 91.90.2-4; 93.191.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tamhəł \ps v \ge alive forever, be \ge ?evergreen, be \de to be alive forever; ?to be evergreen \xv 1. tštamhəł \xe 'it lives forever.' \sd verbs \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 81.88.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tana- \cf tani- \ce comparative \sd variations \dt 05/Jan/2011 \lx tanaʔaləhəy \ps n \ge bigger one \ge older one \de bigger one; older one \mr [] \cf ʔaləhəy \ce to be grown up; to become adult \cf əhəy \ce to be older; to be grown up \xv 1. hesiqunup ʔan tšoxonəšpi lokatanaʔaləhəy \xe 'this boy is afraid of the bigger (i.e., older) boy.' \sd nouns \sd comparatives \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.90.4; 93.191.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tane- \cf tani- \ce comparative \sd variations \dt 05/Jan/2011 \lx taneʔespʔet \ps v \ge flat, be somewhat \ge somewhat flat, be \ge uneven surface, have \de to be somewhat flat (i.e., to be somewhat rough); to have uneven surface \mr [] \cf ʔespʔet \ce to be broad; to be flat \xv 1. tštaneʔespʔet \xe 'it is somewhat flat' (but uneven surfaced). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.91.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tanə- \cf tani- \ce comparative \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tanəʔəhə \ps adj \ge more, be(come) \de to be(come) more \mr [] \cf ʔəhə \ce to be many; to be much \xv 1. kaštapinə ʔisʰununa ʔispilikiwo lokaʔo, lamitʔi ʔispilinaʔał kinelatanəʔəhə kinelastanixaʔax, kinelaswatiwey \xe '(at first) it runs a little stream and then more and then bursts through' (can also begin ͽtsʰununa ͽʔispilinaʔał). \sd verbs \sd adjectives \sd stative \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.91.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tanəw \cf tanhəw \ce doll; little one (endearing term for child) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tanhəw \a tanəw \va (tanəw) \ps n \ge doll \ge little one (endearing term for child) \de doll; little one (endearing term for child) \mr [] \cf tałhəw \ce offspring \xv 1. hesiktanhəw \xe 'my doll.' \xv 2. kʰtanəw \xe 'my little one (child).' \sd diminutives \sd gaming \sd kinship \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.287.4; 91.81.2, 91.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tani- \a tana- \a tane- \a tanə- \a tano- \a tanu- \va (tana-, tane-, tanə-, tano-, tanu-) \ps vpre \ge comparative \de comparative \ee In INZ Applegate (1972: 363) translates this prefix as 'a little; not very; please.' \cf tanaʔaləhəy \ce bigger one; older one \cf taneʔespʔet \ce to be somewhat flat (i.e., to be somewhat rough); to have uneven surface \cf tanəʔəhə \ce to be(come) more \cf taniʔalałpay \ce further below (in the ground) \cf tanikuhkuʔu \ce to be superior to \cf tanimaha \ce further down a narrow; further downstream (when speaking of a river); south \cf taniməkəʔə \ce to go not too far out/away \cf tanimišup \ce further below (in the ground) \cf tanimitʔi \ce to be smaller; to be lesser than \cf taninupan \ce to be a short time ago \cf tanixaʔax \ce to be bigger than \cf tanoʔowow \ce to be whitish \cf tanuʔułyi \ce to be bigger than; to be longer than \sd vprefixes \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 02/Jun/2019 \lx taniʔalałpay \ps n \ge further below (in the ground) \de further below (in the ground) \mr [] \sy tanimišup \cf ʔalałpay \ce up; upper part; height; heaven \xv 1. tanimišup kaksinowo \xe 'I am going to erect it lower down' (in the ground)' (taniʔalałpay also works here). \sd locations \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.92.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tanikuhkuʔu \ps v \ge superior to, be \de to be superior to \ee This word translates literally, ‘to be more human than.’ No non reduplicated form given. \mr [] \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \xv 1. lokašikaš ʔan mušiyštipeš lokapštə, kəwə katanikuhkuʔu \xe 'the šikaš does not associate with the louse, they are more high-toned.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd comparatives \sd reduplications \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.92.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tanimaha \ps n \ge further down a narrow \ge further downstream (when speaking of a river) \ge south \de further down a narrow; further downstream (when speaking of a river); south \mr [] \cf maha \ce canyon; south \xv 1. tšaputiʔišmotš kilotanimaha ʔan tšaputiyitʔexš \xe 'the water runs all together and further down stream it is more calm.' \sd comparatives \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.92.3; 92.662.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx taniməkəʔə \ps v \ge go not too far out/away \de to go not too far out/away \mr [] \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \cf məkəʔə \ce to go far away/out \xv 1. neʔeštaniməkəʔə kinelašpuliʔiš lokaštałhəw heʔiškomlaʔa ʔisʔəł kiswəpʰpi sixəp \xe 'but when she had not gone any great distance she suddenly seized the child by its legs and swung it against a rock.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd comparatives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.92.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx tanimišup \ps n \ge furhter below (in the ground) \de further below (in the ground) \mr [] \sy taniʔalałpay \cf šup2 \ce large hill; earth; dirt; smth below \xv 1. tanimišup (Ϟor taniʔalałpay) kaksinowo \xe 'I am going to erect it lower down (in the ground).' \sd locations \sd places \sd comparatives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.92.1, 93.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tanimitʔi \ps adj \ge smaller, be \ge lesser than, be \de to be smaller; to be lesser than \mr [] \cf mitʔi \ce to be small; to be young; to be small in quantity or intensity \xv 1. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan əhə saʔalaxəwəł hemitsqanaqan yəlaʔa heʔišup, kasiməy ʔan ʔəhənwaš, latšʔilitš kisiyamtiʔiy šaʔapʰanəšmu, kałʔəhəʔəʔə šałʔisuwuswu šaʔatəšwənəš kilokalamwəwu ʔan katanimitʔi \xe 'in early times there were lots of coyotes at Ventura in the hills and there were lots of wolves, sometimes they came down to the town, the people poisoned more than shot.' \xv 2. kqisqisənwunwaš šiʔišʔatʔaxtʔaxatš səʔəqəy, pakeʔet ʔan xaʔax kilokatsʔohoy ʔan tanimitʔi, kʰanwa ʔišʰuyoʔoš lokamitʔi lokaxʔanwa kəʔəqəy ʔan tsmaqutinaʔał lokaxaʔax kištitap lokatanimitʔi \xe 'I used to see roosters, one was big and one smaller, when the little one wanted a hen the big one came running and chased the little one away.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd comparatives \sd vadjectivals \rf 91.93.2-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx taninupan \ps vimp \ge short time ago, be a \de to be a short time ago \mr [] \cf nupan \ce to have occurred recently; to be recent; to be new \xv 1. lataninupan ʔiskumi \xe 'he arrived only a short time ago.' \xv 2. nupan ʔiskumi \xe 'he just arrived.' \sd chronometry \sd verbs \sd vimpersonals \sd comparatives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.94.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tanixaʔax \ps v \ge bigger than, be \de to be bigger than \mr [] \cf xaʔax \ce to be big; to be fat; to be large; to be thick \xv 1. lokaməy ʔan katanixaʔax ʔišišʰin lokaʔalaxwəł \xe 'the wolf was a little bigger than the coyote.' \xv 2. kaštapinə ʔisʰununa ʔispilikiwo lokaʔo, lamitʔi ʔispilinaʔał kinelatanəʔəhə kinelastanixaʔax, kinelaswatiwey \xe '(at first) it runs a little stream and then more and then bursts through' (could also begin with 'tsʰununa ʔispilinaʔał'). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd comparatives \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.91.3, 94.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tano- \cf tani- \ce comparative \sd variations \dt 05/Jan/2011 \lx tanoʔowow \ps v \ge whitish, be \de to be whitish \mr [] \cf ʔowow \ce to be white \xv 1. kisitanoʔowow \xe 'they are whitish.' \sd verbs \sd colors \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.197.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tanu- \cf tani- \ce comparative \sd variations \dt 05/Jan/2011 \lx tanuʔułyi \ps adj \ge longer than, be \ge bigger than, be \de to be bigger than; to be longer than \mr [] \cf ʔułyi \ce to be long; to be tall \xv 1. lokaməy ʔan katanuʔułyi heʔisxanaxan (Ϟor heʔisnuxš) ʔišišʰin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolf has a longer jaw than the coyote.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd comparatives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.95.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tap \ps vt \ge visit \ge enter (the residence of) \de to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf ʔantap \ce ’antap \cf aqšititap \ce to continue; to keep on; to go on \cf axʔutitapi \ce to barely get in \cf iwałtapi \ce to come into from out of \cf kaswalitapinə \ce day before yesterday \cf kaštapinə \ce yesterday \cf kʔilitapi \ce to rush into; to hide under \cf maqtapi \ce to put on pants \cf maxsutapi \ce to drag into; to pull into \cf nutapi \ce to carry into/inside \cf pilitapi \ce to stream/trickle in from outside \cf piłtapi \ce to throw out; to bury \cf qułtap \ce to shine into \cf siqiłtitap \ce to watch leave \cf sitiłtapš \ce to fry tortillas \cf siwałtapi \ce to throw on/in \cf supilitapus \ce to pour down/into \cf sutapi \ce to put into; to put through \cf šaqtitap \ce hot beverage (coffee, tea, etc.) \cf šayuqštapi \ce to put on (clothes, etc.) \cf šulałtapi \ce to toss into \cf šušałtapi \ce to throw 2+ items into \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \cf tapinmu \ce entrance; place where smth comes in \cf tapli \ce to go into \cf titap \ce to chase away \cf tštapušaʔaš \ce foreshaft of arrow \cf ustap \ce to row \cf ušlatapš \ce to fall into \cf uštaʔap \ce to put one's hand in \cf uxmałtap \ce to poke or ram (as with a stick) \cf waštap \ce bracelet \cf watitap \ce to visit momentarily \cf wayitapli \ce to go into slowly \xv 1. tštapit šaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'a man entered my room' (came to visit me). \xv 2. sinayustap ʔiswayi \xe 'when winter comes.' \xv 3. ʔi ʔałtap ʔi maxatʔaməš \xe 'those who enter the fiesta (ceremonial entry).' \xv 4. kaštapinə ʔan kʰtapuš lošaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'yesterday I entered that man's room.' \xv 5. huktapuswuʔu lošaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to visit those men.' \xv 6. tšiyušʔakpiwu lokaʔiʔałtap kamaxatʔaməš \xe 'they showered those who entered, threw seeds over them.' \xv 7. huktapuʔus lošaʔatʔaxatš (Ϟor lokaʔatʔaxatš) \xe 'I am going to visit that man.' \xv 8. huštapušwaʔaš ʔan mušnałwaʔaš kəwə (Ϟor kʔuwe) suxninikʔoyi \xe 'he was intending to visit him, but he did not go for/but he repented.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH \rf 91.96.4-91.100.3 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx tapalawa \ps n \ge g-string \de g-string \sy ʔitškʔə \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 91.100.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tapapʰa \rd taptapapʰaʔa \a tapapa \va (tapapa) \ps n \ge lung \de lung; animal lung destined for consumption \ee This form is inherently possessed when it denotes the lung of an animal (for eating). \xv 1. tštapapa \xe 'his lung.' \xv 2. hesiktapapʰa \xe 'my lungs.' \sd anatomy \sd food \lg JPH \rf 91.101.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tapi \a tapì \a tapí \a tapin \va (tapin-) \ps v \ge enter \ge enter on (smn) \de to enter; to enter on (smn) \mr [] \ee In dicates motion towards and into. \pd \pdl v \pdv tapiniʔiy \pde to enter; to enter on (smn).REP \cf axʔutitapi \ce to barely get in \cf iwałtapi \ce to come into from out of \cf kaswalitapinə \ce day before yesterday \cf kaštapinə \ce yesterday \cf kʔilitapi \ce to rush into; to hide under \cf maqtapi \ce to put on pants \cf maxsutapi \ce to drag into; to pull into \cf nutapi \ce to carry into/inside \cf pilitapi \ce to stream/trickle in from outside \cf piłtapi \ce to throw out; to bury \cf siwałtapi \ce to throw on/in \cf sutapi \ce to put into; to put through \cf sutapinwunmu \ce corral \cf šayuqštapi \ce to put on (clothes, etc.) \cf šulałtapi \ce to toss into \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapinmu \ce entrance; place where smth comes in \cf titap \ce to chase away \cf tštapušaʔaš \ce foreshaft of arrow \cf waštap \ce bracelet \cf wisutapi \ce to drive a stake into \xv 1. tápí ! \xe 'come in, come in!' \xn "pase! pase!" \xv 2. tsamtapiyuw \xe 'they come in or enter on us.' \xv 3. tštapi soʔo \xe 'water comes/leaks in' ; 'it takes on water.' \xv 4. huktapi hesikpantalon \xe 'I am going to get into my pants.' \xv 5. huktapi siksapatu \xe 'I am going to put my shoes on' (not said of sandals). \xv 6. neʔeštapi šiʔišaw \xe 'the sun has already set.' \xv 7. neʔeštapi ʔiswayi \xe 'winter has already come.' \xv 8. lošaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tštapinwàš \xe 'the man entered.' \xv 9. huktapi hesaʔap, huktapi maʔam \xe 'I enter a house.' \xv 10. kʰan suptapi hesoʔo \xe 'if you enter the water.' \xv 11. koxto, tštapi siʔipey̓ \xe 'I feel cold, the cold comes into me.' \xv 12. tsxilapət kimuhuštapi soʔo heʔisək \xe 'he bends his head back so that the water will not enter his mouth.' \xv 13. latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw ʔan tštapi \xe 'he kept entering every day.' \xv 14. kʰansikukiyiqip hesimentana ʔan lasitaptapi \xe 'if they don’t shut the window, the flies keep coming in.' \xv 15. musitapi maʔam heʔištəʔəniwaš tsamsunuwas sipon̓ \xe 'the dogs did not enter the houses, they hit them with sticks if they entered.' \xv 16. no ʔan hukakwa payikʔulaʔasku ałtapi hesaʔap \xe 'I will kill anybody who comes into this house.' \xv 17. kʔuwe tsyət siqunup kišašqʰał kikawasitapiniʔiy \xe 'but the girl came and opened the door and they came in again.' \xv 18. kanawa siyoxto lokaštałtałhəʔəw ʔan tsitapinus heʔismaʔam lokasitete \xe 'when the chicks are cold they get under their mother.' \xv 19. heʔispey ʔan kanawa sułkuw kištapi kiyʔišnaxyət ʔan tšušqʰałtš \xe 'this flower closes up at night and in the morning it opens.' \xv 20. ʔalahusiyapəti loʔisʔəł lokalamesa kihusitapinus heʔišyəwəš \xe 'see if [the lice] do not crawl up the leg of the table again and get on his head, they will go along with him to heaven.' \xv 21. sipakpakəwaʔaš ʔan mušiyaqtšum lositapi sipałpaliʔi ʔiti ʔan musʔił husinetus \xe 'there were some old men who did not like it that the priests had entered here, but what could they do?' \sd motion \sd verbs \sd common \sd manners \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.16.1; 90.258.4; 91.101.4-109.4; 94.198 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx tapinmu \ps n \ge entrance \ge place where smth comes in \de entrance; place where smth comes in \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. tštapinmu hemišup \xe 'cave in the earth.' \xv 2. tsiyeqweł ʔištapinmu soʔo \xe 'they make a water pipe.' \sd household \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.110.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tapli \ps v \ge go into \de to go into \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \xv 1. tštapli \xe 'it went in' (can say of paint sinking into the board). \xv 2. kištapli hewotoko \xe 'he entered --.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.110.4-111.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tapon \ps n \ge cork \de cork \mr [] \sd food \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.111.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx taponpon \a toponpon \va (toponpon) \ps n \ge kidney(s) \de kidney(s) \gn riñone \dn riñone \ee It is unclear if this is inherently possessed or not. It is possible that the inherently possessed form is used only when non-human kidneys are destined for consumption. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ‘toponpon,’ ‘kidney,’ INZ toponpon ‘kidney(s),’ PUY toponpoʼn̥u̥ ‘kidney(s)’ (Whistler 1980: 67; SYBCI 2007: 535; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \cf taponponitš \ce to have kidneys (inside) \xv 1. tštaponpon \xe 'kidneys.' \xv 2. hesiktaponpon \xe 'my kidneys.' \xv 3. hesikʰintštaponpon \xe 'my two kidneys.' \xv 4. tsʔałxili ʔištaponpon \xe 'the fat around the kidneys.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 91.111.3, 215.2, 331.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx taponponitš \ps v \ge have kidneys (inside) \ge kidneys (inside), have \de to have kidneys (inside) \mr [] \cf taponpon \ce kidney(s) \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.111.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tapša \ps v \ge become bogged down \ge bogged down, become \de to become bogged down \mr [] \cf šutapšu \ce to cause to be bogged down \cf tapšutšaš \ce to sink into \xv 1. tstapša lokakʰkawayu heʔisqiłkašatš \xe 'my horse became bogged down in this place where the water has been dammed up.' \sd verbs \sd geography \lg JPH \rf 91.99.4, 112.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tapšutšaš \ps v \ge sink into \de to sink into \mr [] \cf tapša \ce to become bogged down \xv 1. tštapšutšaš ʔan lamitʔi \xe 'he sinks into the dry sand a little as he walks.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.112.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx taptapapʰaʔa \ps n \ge lung.REDUP \ge animal lung destined for consumption.REDUP \de lung.REDUP; animal lung destined for consumption.REDUP \cf tapapʰa \ce lung; animal lung destined for consumption \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx taqpatš \ps v \ge close together, be \de to be close together \ee Notice that this verb is always used with the dual subject, or the plural subject if there are multiple pairs of coming together. \sy teqpeneš \cf šutaqpatš \ce to put close together; to pair \xv 1. tšištaqpatš \xe 'they are together as hands placed together palm against palm' (glued or not glued). Saying ͽtšitaqpatš would mean that there are several pairs of two each. \xv 2. tšišteqpeneš \xe 'they are together' (but glued). \sd verbs \sd position \lg JPH \rf 91.79.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx taqpay \ph tɑqʰpɑj \ps v \ge contract \ge become contaminated \ge contaminated, become \ge catch smth (as a rash from poison oak) \de to contract; to become contaminated; to catch smth (as a rash from poison oak) \xv 1. mustaqpayit loʔsiyasis \xe 'I do not get poison oak.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd health \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.78.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx taqtaqay \ps v \ge cradle \de to cradle \xv 1. pakeʔet sikałtaqtaqay \xe 'I hold one here in my arms' (as one holds a baby). \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 91.67.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx taqulaqšaʔa \a takulaqšaʔa \va (takulaqšaʔa) \ps v \ge tired-stiff from being in one position too long, be \de to be tired or stiff from being in one position too long \xv 1. no ʔan ktakulaqšaʔa \xe 'I felt tired' (from sitting or anything). \xv 2. kəwə ktaqulaqšaʔa \xe 'for I am tired from sitting' (means to be tired of being in one position, stiff thus, not to be tired out). \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd health \lg JPH \rf 91.79.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx taš \rd taštaš \sc Juncus balticus \ps n \ge wire rush \ge rush, wire \de wire rush \ee This word may also refer to the smaller stems of Indian rush (Juncus textilis). See Timbrook 2007 (101 102). This rush formed the foundation of baskets. \cf mexmey̓ \ce Indian rush \cf taštaʔaš \ce grass; herbs; weeds \cf taštaštaʔaš \ce plants (any kind) \sd plants \sd nature \sd culture \sd basketry \lg JPH \rf 69.28; 91.114.; 94.71 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tašaxu \ps vroot \ge jerk \de to jerk \ee The meaning of this root seems clear based on the derived forms. However, Harrington does not list any examples for the root itself. Because of sibilant harmony, it could be that this root is actually ͽtasaxu. \mr [] \cf tašaxunaš \ce smth prepared in the style of beef jerky \cf tašaxutš \ce to prepare something jerky style (said of meat) \sd roots \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd vroots \rf 91.115.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tašaxunaš \ps n \ge smth prepared jerky style \ge jerky style, smth prepared \de smth prepared in the style of beef jerky \mr [] \cf tašaxu \ce to jerk \cf tašaxutš \ce to prepare something jerky style (said of meat) \xv 1. tašaxunaš \xe 'it is already jerked.' \xv 2. ʔałhaputš ʔitašaxunaš \xe 'jerked beef.' \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.115.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tašaxutš \ps v \ge prepare smth jerky style (said of meat) \de to prepare something jerky style (said of meat) \mr [] \cf tašaxunaš \ce smth prepared in the style of beef jerky \xv 1. huktašaxutš \xe 'I am going to jerk beef.' \xv 2. neʔektšoho siktašaxu hešaʔałhaputš \xe 'I have finished jerking this meat.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.115.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tašlipun \ps n \ge dialect of Ventureño \de dialect of Ventureño \sd dialects \lg JPH \rf 88.275.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx taštaʔaš \ps n \ge grass \ge herbs \ge weeds \de grass; herbs; weeds \gn yerbas \dn yerbas \mr [] \cf taš \ce wire rush \xv 1. kšitata heʔisʔaxpilił ʔitaštaʔaš \xe 'I am pounding the roots of herbs.' \xv 2. mukasiyʔap ʔiti tsiyət tsinawa šastəwəkš šitaštaʔaš \xe 'they (the wild geese) do not live here all the time, they come in the time when the grass is green.' \xv 3. neʔemusʔił hałtaštaʔaš \xe 'now there are no weeds' (said of hoed or cleared ground). \sd plants \rf 91.116.1-117.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx taštaš \ps n \ge wire rush.REDUP \de wire rush.REDUP \cf taš \ce wire rush \sd reduplications \dt 31/Aug/2011 \lx taštaštaʔaš \ps n \ge plants (any kind) \de plants (any kind) \mr [] \cf taš \ce wire rush \xv 1. neʔešʔoʔotš yəlaʔa hešitaštaštaʔaš \xe 'all the plants are wet' (with rain). \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.115.4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx tata \ps n \ge uncle (mother's brother) \de uncle (mother's brother) \ee The wife of this person is called muk \cf ʔanəš \ce uncle (father's brother) \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 72.237.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tatax \ps v \ge have a gabled roof \ge gabled roof, have a \de to have a gabled roof \xv 1. tštatax \xe 'it has a gabled roof.' \xv 2. heʔisʔixtə ʔan tštatax \xe 'the roof is with a gable thus.' \xv 3. ʔałtatax \xe 'gabled roof.' \sd verbs \sd household \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 91.118.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tatʔ- \ps vpre \de of grasping action \ee This is a variant of tal . Glossed as INSTR.grasp. \mr [] \cf tatʔaqləw \ce to grab by the throat \cf tatʔismo \ce to take hold of in a group \cf tatʔuliʔiš \ce to hold firm \cf uštatʔaqšikšaši \ce to take good care of oneself \lg TJPH \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tatʔaqləw \ps v \ge grab by the throat \de to grab by the throat \mr [] \cf ʔaqləw \ce throat/neck \cf aqləw \ce to swallow; to ingest \xv 1. ktatʔaqləw (Ϟor kuliʔiš heʔ[i]sʔaqləw) \xe 'I grabbed him by the throat.' \xv 2. no ʔan ktatʔaqləw lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I grabbed the man by the throat.' \xv 3. knitsʔaqləwhə \xe 'I have him and I am choking him holding his throat with my hand.' \sd verbs \sd body \rf 82.35.4-36.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx tatʔismo \a tatʔismon- \va (tatʔismon-) \ps v \ge take hold of in a group \de to take hold of in a group \mr [] \xv 1. ktatʔismo \xe 'I take hold of a whole bunch of papers together.' \xv 2. ktatʔismonwu \xe 'I took hold of I don't know how many.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.118.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tatʔuliʔiš \ps v \ge hold firm \de to hold firm \mr [] \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. no ʔan ktatʔuliʔiš \xe 'I hold a thing firm so that it will not fall over.' \xv 2. ktatʔuliʔiš \xe (it is not firm, said of pole or anything that is not firmly fixed) 'and I hold it so that it won't fall.' \xv 3. kałtatʔuliʔiš \xe 'he is one who held it from toppling over.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; JPH \rf 91.118.4-119.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tawla \ps n \ge board \de board \mr [] \xv 1. lokaxʔanwa ʔan tšušuštonoy lokamaxakəš lositina (Ϟor loʔištawla) \xe 'the woman is rubbing the cloth in the washtub (on her washboard).' \xv 2. hukseqenus hesitawla ʔan muhuknitšʔeq \xe 'I am going to take off a board without splitting it.' \sd common \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.119.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx taxama \ps n \ge skunk \de skunk \gn zorilla \gn zorilla \et *tVqema \ec Compare BOI taxama ‘skunk’, CRZ txamal ‘skunk’, INZ taxama ‘skunk’, OBI tqema ‘skunk’ (Klar 1977: 108) \xv 1. tšitušpi sitaxamà \xe 'the skunk pissed on [sprayed] him.' \xv 2. loʔkataxamà ʔan tšitušpiyìt \xe 'the skunk shot me.' \xv 3. ʔołpoš !, loʔkataxamà ʔan ts[ʰ]upàp loʔišteleq \xe 'look out!, the skunk is raising its tail.' \xv 4. hesikuhkuʔu ʔan tšiyoxonišpi sitaxama kəwə tšuxš ʔišoxšoł. naštəʔəʔə tšitowš kisʔip, "pakeʔet tsyət sitaxama," kikalasiyalinowo \xe 'the Indians feared the skunk for its urine stinks. when they were fighting some one would say, "there comes the skunk," and they just stood.' \xv 5. loʔkataxama, ʔan takʰtəʔə̀š xaʔax ʔišuyuwatšəšì heʔisʔam̓am̓ə̀ ʔištəqʰšaʔàš, tšaqʰwin loʔisʰupap ʔištelèqʰ \xe 'the skunk is a showy animal — his body and color, the only trouble with him is that he throws his tail over his back.' \sd animals \sd mammals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.910.2-916.2; 90.291.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx taxtaxšətš \ps v \ge robust, be \ge strength and health, have \ge strong, be \de to be robust; to have strength and health; to be strong \mr [] \xv 1. ktaxtaxšətš \xe 'I have strength of health.' \xv 2. kʰqišə šaʔatʔaxatš saʔałtaxtaxšətš \xe 'I saw a strong man.' \xv 3. wašətš ʔisamtinałnaʔał kəwə huptaxtaxšətš \xe 'the exercise of walking is good for your health.' \xv 4. kʰin pakeʔet ʔištum saʔatuštap kikakuštipey siwínù kikaqmiʔił kitsʔoyonit kʔuwe laxutaxtaxšətš \xe 'beat up a raw egg with wine and it seems to give me strength, it helps me.' \xv 5. lokaʔalušʔeš ʔan tštaxtaxšətš \xe 'the badger is strong.' \xv 6. tštaxtaxšətš \xe 'it is [a] strong [fish].' \xv 7. wašwašətš simula ʔisamsuteqpeywu sikarru tšitaxtaxšətš ʔan ʔiʔałʔałxuxani lapayikʔulahuki ʔan tšiyoxonišpi, tšiyoxonišpi hesuʔutʔam \xe 'mules are good when hitched to wagons but they are afraid of everything, are afraid of the water.' \xv 8. lokaməy ʔan katanuʔułyi heʔisxanaxan (Ϟor heʔišnuxš) ʔišišʰin lokaʔalaxəwəł, kaypi kištaxtaxšətš heʔisxanaxan \xe 'the wolf has a longer jaw than the coyote, and therefore his jaw is stronger.' \xv 9. pakeʔet sikʰkawayu ʔan tsxawawaʔa, muštaxtaxšətš, kʔuwe numis sukʔalał \xe 'one of my horses is lean, it is not strong, but it always plows.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.112.3-114.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx taxtaxšətšaʔaš \ps n \ge keel \de keel \xv 1. xaʔax šikšaqšinaʔał sikaxipe loʔkaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš ka loʔka_kanaʔaʔay ka ʔaxʔaxipeneʔeš, laʔkʰansimuksalaqwaʔay, ʔan yəlaʔa muštšum \xe 'I take great care in working the keel and the first boards, for if I do not make them well, all is no good.' \sd tomol \lg TJPH \rf Tomol3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tay \ps v \ge menstruate \de to menstruate \cf tayitš \ce to be with menstruation \xv 1. hustay \xe 'she is going to menstruate.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.63.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx taya- \a tay- \va (tay-) \ps vpre \ge suddenly \ge quickly \ge INSTR.suddenly \de of action that comes on suddenly or quickly \ee Glossed as INSTR.suddenly. \cf tayames \ce to traverse in a hurry \cf tayapahaʔa \ce to become stiff quickly/suddenly \cf tayawəł \ce to shoot quickly \cf tayuštšʔəmə \ce to bury suddenly; to bury immediately \lg JPH; TJPH \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tayames \ps v \ge traverse in a hurry \de to traverse in a hurry \mr [] \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. huktayames \xe 'I am going to cross over in a hurry.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \lg TJPH \rf 91.64.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tayapahaʔa \a tayapaha \va (tayapaha) \ps v \ge become stiff quickly/suddenly \ge stiff quickly/suddenly, become \de to become stiff quickly/suddenly \mr [] \cf pahaʔa \ce to be stiff \xv 1. tštayapaha lokasxanaxan \xe 'his lower jaw is stiff.' \xv 2. tštayapahaʔa \xe 'it is stiff' (said of a body part). \xv 3. tštayapahaʔa \xe 'he is stiff' (said of paralyzed man, dead man, etc.). \xv 3. nełtšnehet kištayapahaʔa ? \xe 'why did he get stiffness?' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.64.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tayawəł \ps v \ge shoot quickly \de to shoot quickly \mr [] \cf wəł \ce to shoot \xv 1. kinelasʔił šušnaqʰay ʔan tštayawəł \xe 'when at last they get it into a good place to shoot, they shoot it quickly.' \sd verbs \sd archery \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.169.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tayi \a tayin \va (tayin-) \ps v \ge respect smn/smth \de to respect smn/smth \cf ʔałtšutayitš \ce respectable person \cf sutayi \ce to respect; to put respect in \cf šutayiš \ce to be delicate; to be respected \xv 1. ktayi \xe 'I respect him.' \xv 2. ktayinił \xe 'I respect you.' \xv 3. muʔałtayitš (Ϟor maʔałtayitš) \xe 'he doesn’t respect anything; he is disrespectful.' \sd verbs \sd manners \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.249.1; 91.65.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tayitš \ps v \ge menstruation, be with \de to be with menstruation \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałtayitš \pde to be with menstruation.NZ \cf tay \ce to menstruate \xv 1. ʔałtayitš (Ϟor tstayitš) \xe 'the woman who is with mentruation.' \xv 2. kakanaʔay ʔistayitš \xe 'this is her first menstruation.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.63.4, 65.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tayuštšʔəmə \ps v \ge bury suddenly \ge bury immediately \de to bury suddenly; to bury immediately \mr [] \cf ustsʔəmə \ce to bury \xv 1. tšitayuštšʔəməštšəši \xe 'they bury themselves immediately.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.66.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx te \ps n \ge tea \de tea \mr [] \xv 1. ʔulamusʔił hałʔasukał ʔan əwəsamaqmił site \xe 'if it were not for the sugar, nobody would drink tea.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \rf 91.119.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tekełhem \ps v \ge carry in the arms \de to carry in the arms \xv 1. tšuliʔiš lokaštałhəw kištekełhem \xe 'she picked up her baby and carried it in her arms.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.120.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tekmeł \ph [tɛkʰmɛɬ] \ps v \ge squeeze into a cake \de to squeeze into a cake (corn, pinole, etc.) \cf štekmeł \ce pinole hard squeezed cake \xv 1. tstekmeł \xe 'I make a gob of meal thus.' \xv 2. hukeqwe ʔištekmeł \xe 'I am going to make a clot of pinole.' \xv 3. huktekmeł sipinoli \xe 'I am going to make a cake of pinole.' \xv 4. kʰtekmeł \xe 'I am going to make a cake of mush' (such as children ran around eating). \xv 5. huki pałtsunuwus hesiptekmeł ? \xe 'what will thou use for making pinole hand-squeezed cakes?' \sd verbs \sd food \sd shape \lg JPH \rf 91.120.2-121.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx teleq \rd tełteleʔeq \a telex \a teleqʰ \a telèq \va (telex) \ph ˈtɛlɛq \ps n \ge tail \de tail \ee This is used of the anatomical part of an animal. \et *telheqʔ \ec Compare BOI tel̓eq ‘tail,’ INZ teleqʼ ‘tail,’ OBI tełheʼ ‘tail,’ PUY telex ‘tail’ (Klar 1977: 112) \cf wišteleqšaši \ce to hit tails together \xv 1. hesikteleq \xe 'my tail' (said by a dog). \xv 2. sikteleq \xe 'my tail.' \xv 3. heʔišteleq \xe 'his tail.' \xv 4. tšʰuwakumeł (Ϟor tsʰunuwus) heʔišteleq \xe 'he steers with his tail.' \xv 5. tsisinowonwu heʔisitełteleʔeq \xe 'the cattle run away with their tails in the air.' \xv 6. tswəpwəpʰpi heʔisʔamamə tsʰsunuwus lokašteleq \xe 'he switches his body using his tail.' \sd animals \sd anatomy \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.124.3-89.125.4; 91.124.3-; WeirA6 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx telex \cf teleq \ce tail \sd reduplications \dt 31/Aug/2011 \lx tełteleʔeq \ph tɛɬtɛˈlɛʔɛq \ps n \ge tail.REDUP \de tail.REDUP \cf teleq \ce tail \sd reduplications \dt 31/Aug/2011 \lx temteʔem̓ \a temtéʔèm̓ \ps n \ge foot/feet.REDUP \de foot/feet.REDUP \cf tem̓ \ce foot/feet \sd reduplications \dt 19/Jul/2018 \lx tem̓ \rd temteʔem̓ \ps n \ge foot/feet \ge feet/foot \de foot/feet \ee This includes the sole of the foot as well as the part of the foot above the sole. \et *temeʔ \ec Compare BOI tʼem̓ ‘sole of foot,’ CRZ nimel ‘whole leg,’ INZ tem̓ ‘foot,’ OBI temeʼ ‘foot’ (Klar 1977: 88; compare Proto-Uto-Aztecan *tem ‘heel’ Miller 1967) \xv 1. hesiktem̓ \xe 'my whole foot.' \xv 2. temtéʔèm̓ \xe 'feet.' \xv 3. ʔismət siktem̓ \xe 'the top of my foot.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 89.126.1-2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tep \ps nroot \ge flea \cf tstep \ce flea \sd nroots \sd roots \dt 14/Aug/2013 \lx teple \ps v \ge finish little by little \ge cease little by little \de to finish little by little; to cease little by little \mr [] \cf ple \ce to be over; to be finished \xv 1. tšteple \xe 'it ceases or dies little by little' (said of a consumptive, etc.). \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.126.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx teputš \ps v \ge have fleas \ge fleas, have \de to have fleas \mr [] \cf tstep \ce flea \xv 1. tšteputš hekaxayanəš, tsiyʔuwit wašułkuwiwaš \xe 'the bed was fleay, they bit me tonight.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd animals \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.127.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx teq- \ps vpre \ge INSTR.attaching \de by attaching \ee This prefix is not found with roots other than ͽpey ‘to smear; to spread.’ Glossed as INSTR.attaching. \cf ʔanaputiteqpey \ce shellfish which cling to rocks \cf ʔixweteqpeyeš \ce imitation \cf apiteqpey \ce to burn onto; to stick to by being burnt on to \cf axiteqpey \ce to (keep) attach(ing) to ; to be stuck to \cf ixweteqpeyus \ce to imitate \cf maxsuteqpey \ce to follow behind (by nature of being connected to) \cf suteqpey \ce to hitch/connect (as in when attaching a wagon to horses); to glue to \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \cf teqpeneš \ce to be stuck together; to be glued together \cf utiteqpeʔey \ce to stick to suddenly; to land on suddenly \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx teqe \a teqen \va (teqen-) \ps v \ge further from oneself, be \de to be further from oneself \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf saquteqenpi \ce to deal with smth \cf suteqe \ce to move further from oneself \cf wateqe \ce to rub the skin off by means of a blow \xv 1. loteqe ! \xe 'get farther from me!' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.674.3; 91.121.2, 625.3; 93.214.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx teqpeneš \ps v \ge stuck together, be \ge glued together, be \de to be stuck together; to be glued together \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałteqpeneš \pde to be stuck together.NZ; to be glued together.NZ \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \xv 1. tšišteqpeneš \xe 'they two are glued together.' \xv 2. ʔišʔałteqpeneš (Ϟor tšišteqpeneš) \xe 'the two things are stuck together or have become stuck together.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.123.4-124.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx teqpey \ps v \ge adhere \ge stick to \de to adhere; to stick to \mr [] \cf ʔanaputiteqpey \ce shellfish which cling to rocks \cf ʔixweteqpeyeš \ce imitation \cf apiteqpey \ce to burn onto; to stick to by being burnt on to \cf axiteqpey \ce to (keep) attach(ing) to ; to be stuck to \cf maxsuteqpey \ce to follow behind (by nature of being connected to) \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf qałtsuteqpey \ce to tie together so as to close a space between two items \cf suteqpey \ce to hitch/connect (as in when attaching a wagon to horses); to glue to \cf teqpeneš \ce to be stuck together; to be glued together \cf utiteqpeʔey \ce to stick to suddenly; to land on suddenly \cf wisuteqpey \ce to make adhere by blows; to nail to \xv 1. tšteqpey \xe 'it is stuck with glue.' \xv 2. neʔešteqpey \xe 'it is already tight on the rock.' \xv 3. tšteqpeyutš (Ϟor tšteqpeywaš) \xe 'it was stuck.' \xv 4. tšeqpey hesikʔelew \xe 'my tongue is tied.' \xv 5. tsteqpey hesiqasqas \xe 'it is stuck in the sand.' \xv 6. hesipapeł ʔan neʔešteqpey hesilamesa \xe 'the paper is already glued to the table.' \xv 7. tsiteqpey, musaxsił, lasteqpey \xe 'they stick on, it does not bite, it just sticks' (said of bloodsucker). \xv 8. tšuputš hešikitšeʔə steqpey šiwaxanəš \xe 'my g-string is dirty, it has excrement on it.' \xv 9. kałwašətš sukiyispuwo sipapeł saʔałpəlitš, kihusiteqpey sipawpaw \xe 'it will be well if we buy some fly paper and catch the flies.' \xv 10. tštipey \xe 'he is pressed up close to a thing.' \xv 11. heʔišteqʰpey siqas ʔan kasʔaqʰwətə̀y kaqunupmawà, heʔispeʔèy ʔan kaylo kałyətipakeʔès kapsusamhà hešipʰpoš \xe 'the sanddollar is the shadow of the Sun, this flower is the five (points) which thy soul feels when you have a good notion that rises to your head.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.121.3-123.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tete \rd tetʰteteʔe \a tètè \a tetè \va (tètè) \ps n \ge mother \ge mom \de mother; mom \ee Note the contracted form of this word with the first possessive ͽk- : kʰete ‘my mother.’ \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv tetenwaš \pde mother.DEPR; mom.DEPR \cf ełtete \ce dead mother \cf tetenwaš \ce dead mother \xv 1. lokaktete \xe 'my mother.' \xv 2. no ʔan tsʔił siktete \xe 'I have a mother.' \xv 3. kʰen tšaqša lokaštete \xe 'and the mother died' (š last word okay). \xv 4. kaštetenwaš maria antonia \xe 'the mother of Maria Antonia.' \xv 5. no ʔan kaqnitpen kʰete \xe 'I remember my mother.' \xv 6. kanawa siyoxto lokaštałtałhəʔəw ʔan tsitapinus heʔismaʔam lokasitete \xe 'when the chicks are cold they get under their mother.' \xv 7. no kaktete \xe 'it is my mother.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.230.1; 90.79.1; 91.127.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tetenwaš \ps n \ge dead mother \de dead mother \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv tiyaxaxanpi \pde to straddle.APL.LOC \cf tete \ce mother; mom \xv 1. lokaštetenwaš \xe 'his dead mother.' \xv 2. ktiyaxaxanpi heʔisiya \xe 'I stand astraddle over this chair.' \xv 3. huktiyaxaxanpi hesinə kuhušuxtišaw hesikixʔos \xe 'I am going to put myself astraddle the fire to heat up my testicles.' \sd kinship \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.15.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tetʰteteʔe \ps n \ge mother.REDUP \ge mom.REDUP \de mother.REDUP; mom.REDUP \cf tete \ce mother; mom \sd reduplications \rf 72.230.1 \dt 22/Jun/2018 \lx teweł \ps v \ge caper about making noise \de to caper about making noise \xv 1. kʰteweł \xe 'I caper around' (caper some, yell and slap mouth to make tremolo effect, and then caper some more). \xv 2. tsiteweł \xe 'they come running around' (with bows and arrows like Tejoneños entering a fiesta). \sd culture \sd warfare \sd dancing \lg JPH \rf 91.128.4-129.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tə \a təh \et *ti \ec Compare BOI ti ‘name,’ CRZ te ‘name,’ INZ tɨ ‘name,’ PUY tɨ ‘name,’ OBI ti ‘name’ (Klar 1977: 99) \mr [] \cf ʔałtəhətš \ce to be called smth \cf axšəš \ce to call \cf ištəhə \ce to measure on one’s hand; to measure against one’s hand \cf iwałtə \ce to chase smth out \cf sətəł \ce to nominate; to call by name \cf šətələš \ce election \cf tštəʔəniwaš \ce dog; pet dog \cf tštəʔəniwatš \ce puppy \se I \ps n \ge name \de name \xv 1. mupʔip lokaštə lyos simunalupʔuwe ! \xe 'do not take the name of the Lord in vain~' \xv 2. neʔektamay ; ktamay lokaštə \xe 'I don't remember' ; 'I have forgotten his name.' \xv 3. mupʔip lokaštə lyos simunalupʔuwe ! \xe 'do not say the name of the Lord in vain!' (lit., 'if you do not need to'). \se II \ps vt \ge name \ge called, be \ge called by name, be \de to be called; to be called by name; to name \xv 1. nełptə ? \xe 'what is your name?' \xv 2. neł tštə šaʔatʔaxatš ? \xe 'what is that man's name?' \xv 3. no ʔan huktənus xwan \xe 'I am going to name this baby Juan.' \xv 4. kanawa šeqwełtšeši šaʔatʔaxatš kakitənus hesukilistu \xe 'when He made Himself man they called Him Jesus Christ.' \xv 5. tsamtəhənus pakeʔet siyəw \xe 'they call it or term it or give it the name of one ͽyəw' (a large winnowing basket). \xv 6. tsʔił ʔištawayək sałʔamtənus el berendo \xe 'there is a valley called El Berendo.' \xv 7. tsamʔip ʔan latšə ʔisatʔamli kaypi kisamtənus ʔanatʔamam \xe 'they say that it always likes to go in the canyon rivers and therefore they call him ͽʔanatʔamam' (raccoon). \xv 8. tsamtənus ʔaloxkʰonono, kəwə kanawa ʔamsunapay ʔan tsoxkʰonono \xe 'it is called a snorer because when they pull it out of the water it.' \sd stative \sd nouns \sd verbs \sd common \sd manners \lg JPH \rf 91.90.4, 129.3-132.1; 94.66, 329.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx təʔəʔə \a təʔəʔə̀ \a təʔəʔən \va (təʔəʔən) \ps v \ge remain \de to remain \ee Harrington notes that ͽmuštəʔəʔən is an old word. \xv 1. muštəʔəʔən \xe 'there isn't too much; it is not too much.' \xv 2. muštəʔəʔən loʔalałpay \xe 'it is not very high.' \xv 3. naštəʔəʔə tšlunəʔəp \xe 'it is still growing.' \xv 4. muštəʔəʔən loʔalałpay \xe 'it is not very high.' \xv 5. lamuštəʔəʔən tsʔespʔes \xe 'it is not very broad.' \xv 6. naštəʔəʔə klunlunaʔał \xe 'I am still growing.' \xv 7. naštəʔəʔə ʔiyʔałtuštap \xe 'it is still raw.' \xv 8. lokanaštəʔəʔə kqunup ʔan neʔemusʔił hałxenti, neʔeyəlaʔa šukšukepeʔeš \xe 'when I was a child there were already no more gentiles, all were baptized.' \xv 9. ʔiškom̓ ʔišlewutš ʔištuwaš, muštəʔəʔən heʔišliyək (Ϟor lamuštəʔəʔən heʔišliyək) \xe 'two pieces of shell, they are not very much in the middle, they are not in the very middle.' \xv 10. neʔešiyušʰowunwaš lokašiyʔapʰanəšmuʔu yəlaʔa hesikuhkuʔu kineʔenusʔił hałku hešaʔapʔapʰanəšmuʔu \xe 'they had left their villages, there were no more people.' \xv 11. naštəʔəʔə tšʔanutš lokaxəp, naštəʔəʔə tsamqisə. kʔuwe samʔip ʔan mušaqša lokaqunup kʔuwe šeqwełtšəši sipistuk \xe 'the rock is still blood-stained, it can still be seen. and they say that the child did not die but was turned into a ground-squirrel.' \xv 12. maría antonia kanaštəʔəʔə tsilikʔe kasisilya neʔešišʰatiwənitš sisilyu ka maría antonia ki mitsqanaqan kašišiliklikʔe, lakanaštəʔəʔə kasʔap maría antonia ka sisilya \xe 'María Antonia and Cecilio are still living, they are already married and live at Ventura near together.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.132.4-134.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx təʔəʔən \cf təʔəʔə \ce to remain \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təʔəw \ps n \ge seabass \de seabass \gn corvino \dn corvino \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 72.44.1; 81.165.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təhə \sc Rubus ursinus \ps n \ge California blackberry \ge blackberry, California \de California blackberry \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (174). \sd plants \sd nature \sd food \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.91.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -tək- \ps root \ge tip \ge point \de tip; point \ee This form is generally inherently possessed as a noun. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI tik ‘top; end; point; tip,’ INZ tɨk ‘tip; point; peak (of hill or mountain),’ OBI tɨtʸɨ ‘point; tip of a pole’ (Whistler 1980: 32; SYBCI 2007: 379; Klar 19—b: 27) \cf təkitš \ce to have a point \cf təkpišaš \ce to be point to point \cf tštək \ce tip; point; lobe (of ear); peak (of mountain) \sd roots \sd vroots \sd nroots \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təkəkʰə \a təkʰəkʰə \va (təkʰəkʰə) \ps v \ge rough, be \de to be rough \ee Harrington lists this once as ͽtəkʰəkʰə. \cf quntštutuqš \ce to have wrinkled skin \cf təkəs \ce to be rough or chapped \xv 1. tštəkəkʰə (tštəkʰəkʰə) \xe 'it is rough.' \xv 2. lokaštəkəkʰə \xe 'rough place on abalone shell.' \xv 3. tštəkəkʰə ʔišmotʔonutš \xe 'it is rough on one side and on the other it is smooth.' \xv 4. lokatuq ʔan tštəkəkʰə heʔisʔəłʔəʔəł \xe 'the grasshopper has rough legs.' \xv 5. kmexwenpi sixəp saʔałtəkəkʰə \xe 'I rub shell on rough rock.' \xv 6. latsiʔił ʔištəkəkʰə pakeʔet sałʔiłpi ʔištəkəkʰə heʔismaʔam ʔištuwaš sitʔaya \xe 'there is a rough place inside the abalone shell.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 91.135.3-136.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx təkəs \ps v \ge rough or chapped, be \ge chapped or rough, be \de to be rough or chapped \ee This verb not used of lips. \cf quntštutuqš \ce to have wrinkled skin \cf təkəkʰə \ce to be rough \xv 1. ktəkəs hesikpu \xe 'I have my hands rough or chapped from the cold.' \xv 2. ktəkəs hesiktəq \xe 'the skin of my face is not smooth; it is rough or chapped.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd descriptions \sd health \lg JPH \rf 91.136.4-137.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx təkitš \ps v \ge have a point \ge point, have a \de to have a point \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałtəkitš \pde to have a point.NZ \xv 1. ʔałtəkitš \xe 'it has a point.' \xv 2. ʔałtšipukʔetš \xe 'it has corners.' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd warfare \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.137.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təkpišaš \ps v \ge point to point, be \de to be point to point \mr [] \xv 1. tšištəkpišaš \xe '[I put] two [pencils] point to point.' \xv 2. tšištəpəqpišaš \xe '[I put] them butt to butt' (ͽtšištəpəqšaš would also work here). \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.137.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx təkwəs \ps n \ge ring(s) used in the game ͽʔalsutinəʔəp \ge spindle for making string or yarn \de ring(s) used in the game ͽʔalsutinəʔəp; spindle for making string or yarn \cf ʔałsutinəʔəp \ce game (type) \sd gaming \lg JPH \rf 69.863 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təkʰəkʰə \cf təkəkʰə \ce to be rough \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təlu \ps num \ge eleven \de eleven \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI t̓ilu ‘eleven,’ INZ təl̓u’ ‘eleven,’ and PUY təl̓uw ‘eleven’ (Whistler 1980: 59; SYBMI 2007: 379; Beeler 1964: 15) \sd numbers \lg Beeler \rf Beeler 1964: 15 Harrington 1986: 3.6.25.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təməmə \ps vroot \de having to do with startling \ee Harrington lists this as a root of ͽustəməmə ‘to boom (said of waves on shore).’ \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ -tɨm̓ɨn- ‘bound root re “frightened, startled” ’ (SYBCI 2007: 379) \cf ʔalaxtəməmə \ce bull-roarer \cf astəməmə \ce to boom (as is said of the ocean) \cf axtəməmə \ce to buzz \cf itəmə \ce to be afraid; to be scared (?timid) \sd vroots \sd roots \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təmən \cf tənən \ce to be hard (said of penis); to be stiff (said of penis); to have an erection \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təmhə \ps v \ge snap (with a finger) \de to snap (with a finger) \cf təmhənəʔəš \ce rock thrower \xv 1. ktəmhə \xe 'I throw a pebble with my finger.' \xv 2. ksinay sikaqitsuʔum loʔišliyək kapon̓ loʔisaluʔułyiʔin kiwexšitšʔišow kaqisə kiksuqpuy kinupan kʰin šikwaštʔuyaš kikšoʔoʔotšpi loʔkatšʔišow ka ʔiwexeš kiksinowo sipon̓ loʔištək ksaqkutikumelus kikaqsik kiksuquntinaʔał kikušmaxyət kiktəmhə \xe 'I make a mark lengthwise along the middle of the board [that I am going to make into a keel]. I pound up charcoal, I pound it up fine, and I add water and I take a cord and I wet it in the pounded-up charcoal and I erect a stake at the tip [of the keel] just in the middle, and I tie the string to it and I bring the cord and I pull it and I snap it down on the wood.' \sd verbs \sd tomol \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.143.3; Tomol75-84 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təmhənəʔəš \ps n \ge rock thrower \de rock thrower \mr [] \ee A short, straight stick with a depression at one end, used for propelling stones (Hudson & Blackburn 1982: 141 142). \cf təmhə \ce to snap (with a finger) \sd culture \sd tools \rf Hudson & Blackburn 1982: 141-142 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tənək \ps n \ge tear (of eye) \de tear (of eye) \gn lagrima \dn lagrima \et *tinikʔ \ec Compare BOI tin̓ik ‘tears,’ INZ tɨnɨk ‘tears,’ OBI tinɨʼ ‘tears’ (Klar 1977: 29-30) \cf tənəkpi \ce to ink (said of octopus) \xv 1. tskitwo siktənək \xe 'tears come to my eye.' \xv 2. (he)siktənək \xe 'my tear.' \xv 3. no ʔan kušpete siktənək \xe 'I wiped away my tears.' \sd body \sd water \lg JPH \rf 91.143.4-144 .3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tənəkpi \ps v \ge ink (said of octopus) \de to ink (said of octopus) \mr [] \cf tənək \ce tear (of eye) \xv 1. laʔkʰan ʔisyułtʔuł ʔan tštənəkʰpi heʔsimuwu kišišoy loʔkaʔo \xe 'when it is angry it inks the sea and the water is black.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 70.50.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tənən \a təmən \va (təmən) \ps v \ge hard (said of penis), be \ge stiff (said of penis), be \ge erection, have an \de to be hard (said of penis); to be stiff (said of penis); to have an erection \ee It seems that this verb could also be used of a woman’s engorged clitoris. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałtəmən \pde to be hard (said of penis).NZ; to be stiff (said of penis).NZ; to have an erection.NZ \cf tənənəš \ce erection \xv 1. tštənən hesikxət \xe 'my penis is stiff.' \xv 2. ktənən \xe 'I have an erection.' \xv 3. pʔałtəmən (Ϟor ptəmən) \xe 'you have an erection.' \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.144.4-145.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tənənəš \ps n \ge erection \de erection \mr [] \cf tənən \ce to be hard (said of penis); to be stiff (said of penis); to have an erection \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.126.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təpə \ps v \ge ?thick (as is said of hair), be \de ?to be thick (as is said of hair) \xv 1. kinupan tštəpə \xe (her hair was long) 'and very thick.' \sd body \sd descriptions \lg TJPH \rf Daughter95 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -təpəq- \ps vroot \ge form an end \de form an end \cf təpəqpišaš \ce to put end to end \cf tštəpəq \ce root; base; stump \cf xałtštəpəq \ce to tie up (said of a braid of hair or a molote) \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təpəqpišaš \ps v \ge put end to end \de to put end to end \mr [] \xv 1. tšištəkpišaš \xe 'I put the two pencils point to point.' \xv 2. tšištəpəqpišaš \xe 'I put two pencils butt to butt.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd locations \lg JPH \rf 91.145.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx təpk \ps n \ge walnut \de walnut \gn nogal \dn nogal \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ktɨp ‘walnut,’ INZ ktɨp ‘walnut; walnut tree’ (Whistler 1980: 14; SYBCI 2007: 187) \xv 1. ksuwelewele kuhisyapiyam lokatəpk \xe 'I am going to shake to make the walnuts fall.' \sd plants \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.82.1; 90.704.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təptəpʰə \ph tǝpʰˈtǝpʰǝ \a təpʰtəpʰə \va (təpʰtəpʰə) \ps n \ge mountain \de mountain \ee Harrington lists the translation of the non reduplicated form ͽtəpʰə,’ ‘forest, woods, woodland,’ but gives no examples of the word. \mr [] \cf təpʰə \ce forest; woodland; woods \xv 1. sitəptəpʰə \xe 'a woodland.' \xv 2. musʔił hałtəpʰtəpʰə \xe 'there are not any trees.' \xv 3. musʔił təpʰtəpʰə \xe 'there are no trees' (said of a bare hill). \xv 4. huknaʔał hesitəptəpʰə \xe 'I'm going to the forest.' \xv 5. lokapistuk ʔan tsʔapʰpi lokapon̓ \xe 'the squirrel lived in the palo.' \xv 6. hesixus ʔan lositəptəpʰə kasʔap \xe 'the bear lives in the woodland.' \sd plants \sd places \sd reduplications \rf 91.145.4-146.4; 94.71 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təpʰə \rd təptəpʰə \ps n \ge forest \ge woodland \ge woods \de forest; woodland; woods \cf təptəpʰə \ce mountain \xv 1. no ʔan tsʔił sikʔap lositəpʰə \xe 'I have a house in a forest.' \xv 2. musʔił hałtəptəpʰə̀ \xe 'there isn’t any forest.' \xv 3. musʔił təptəpʰə, mustəpʰə \xe 'there is no forest, the hill is bare.' \sd places \sd geography \lg JPH \rf 81.10.1; 93.234.1; 95.17.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx təq \rd təqtəq \ps n \ge eye/face \ge face/eye \de eye/face \et *tVq \ec Compare BOI tɨq ‘eye/face,’ CRZ teč ‘eye/face,’ INZ tɨx ‘eye/face,’ OBI tɨtʸɨ, PUY taq ‘eye/face,’ ROS tek ‘eyes’ (Klar 1977: 84; Beeler & Klar 1977: 67) \cf alitəq \ce to happen directly to smn \cf alitəqitš \ce to lie down with eyes open \cf mištəq \ce smokehole \cf qiłpštəhə \ce to open one's eyes suddenly \cf təqitš \ce to have good eyesight; to open one’s eyes \cf uqmantštəkš \ce to wash one's face \cf yułtəqitš \ce to pluck one’s eyebrows \xv 1. siktəq \xe 'my eye.' \xv 2. siktəq \xe 'my face.' \xv 3. heʔištəq \xe 'his face.' \xv 4. kušpete hesitəq \xe 'I wipe my face.' \xv 5. heʔisʔalʔowow siktəq \xe 'the white of my eye.' \xv 6. mukaxtšum hešaʔatʔaxatš, kumeł ʔištəq \xe 'I don't like this man, he has an ugly face.' \xv 7. tskumu saʔawhay̓ kikasʰununa simusʔił hałtšquntštutukš \xe 'at the end of four months she was already beginning to have no more wrinkles on her face.' \xv 8. tsip tsʔeyewu heʔištəq hesaʔałmaxuyułkuw, lakʰan ʔisyułtul ʔan tsoxkonono \xe 'his eyes shine in the dark and when he gets mad he makes a cry.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.238.2, 91.137.4-140.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təqitš \ps v \ge have good eyesight \ge eyesight, have good \ge open one's eyes \de to have good eyesight; to open one’s eyes \mr [] \cf alitəqitš \ce to lie down with eyes open \cf təq \ce eye/face \xv 1. ʔałtəqitš \xe 'he has good eyesight.' \xv 2. no ʔan ktəqitš \xe 'I have good eyesight.' \xv 3. mustəqitš \xe 'she has poor eyes.' \xv 4. huktəqitš \xe 'I am going to open the eyes.' \xv 5. təqitš \xe 'keep your eyes peeled.' \xv 6. lokatštəntəʔəniwatš ʔan malawa šiʔišaw, kišitəqitš kikə ʔan munakitəqitšwaš \xe 'the little dogs open their eyes the eighth day, we have never opened out eyes yet.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.140.3-141.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təqšaʔàš \cf təqšəʔəš \ce color \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təqšəʔəš \a təqšaʔàš \a təqšaʔaš \va (təqšaʔaš) \ps n \ge color \de color \mr [] \xv 1. wašətš ʔištəqšəʔəš \xe 'he has good color' (said of skunk or other brightly colored animal.). \xv 2. hukił tštəqšaʔaš hesipon̓ ? \xe 'what color is this wood?' \xv 3. ʔištəqšəʔəš ʔan tšaqniyʔixša \xe 'it is ash-colored.' \xv 4. tsaqʰwałmày ʔištəqʰšaʔaš \xe 'it is shadow colored.' \xv 5. ʔištəqʰšaʔaš ʔan ʔalaxuwəł \xe 'it is the color of a coyote.' \xv 6. hesipapeł ʔištəqšaʔaš ʔan kumeliwaš \xe 'this paper is dirty-colored.' \xv 7. lokaštəqšəʔəš ʔan tšaqnišupšuʔup \xe 'it is earth-colored.' \xv 8. lokaštəqšəʔəš kaqʰaq ʔan tšaqništaqapqap šixšo sineʔesiyapiyamutš \xe 'the color of the antelope resembles that of fallen sycamore leaves.' \xv 9. pakeʔet ʔištəqšəʔəš \xe 'they had the same color.' \xv 10. pakeʔet ʔišištəqšəʔəš, pakeʔet ʔan ʔułyi kilokatsʔohoy ʔan qnowowo \xe 'they had the same color but one is tall and the other low.' \xv 11. lokapuluy ʔan tšuwaʔixša ʔištəqʰšaʔàš \xe 'the Canadian goose is ashy colored.' \xv 12. lokatšulakakʰ ʔan tsaqʰtayahəł \xe 'the flicker is the color of a red snake.' \xv 13. loʔkašatʔap ka qoy ʔan tšišaqiłpi ʔištəqšaʔaš hesiqas \xe 'the olivella which have been washed ashore are sand-colored.' \xv 14. loʔkataxama, ʔan takʰtəʔə̀š xaʔax ʔišuyuwatšəšì heʔisʔam̓am̓ə̀ ʔištəqʰšaʔàš, tšaqʰwin loʔisʰupap ʔištelèqʰ \xe 'the skunk is a showy animal — his body and color, the only trouble with him is that he throws his tail over his back.' \xv 15. loʔkayahəł ʔan tšuštahày kinupan tšošoy heʔispo loʔiswał ʔišnuxš ʔan xaxaʔàx kinupan tsiptsʔeyewù, musaqʰtipałyət, kʰin, tswaya kisʰwəpił \xe 'the whipsnake is red with black cheeks its nostrils big and shiny, it does not suck[?le], moreover, it hangs [?in the air] and it hits you.' \sd colors \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.141.2-143.1, 328.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx təqtəq \ps n \ge eye/face.REDUP \ge face/eye.REDUP \de eye/face.REDUP \cf təq \ce eye/face \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx təš \ps v \ge swollen, be \de to be swollen \cf sayaya \ce to be bloated \xv 1. tštəš hešikpoš \xe 'my heart is swollen.' \xv 2. tštəš hesikʰpu \xe 'my hand is swollen [with poison].' \xv 3. tštəš hesikʔaqləw \xe 'my throat is swollen.' \xv 4. tštəš yəlaʔa hesikʔamamə \xe 'all my body is swollen.' \xv 5. kwatistukunpi lokasiya, tštəš hesikistukun \xe 'I bumped into a chair with my knee, my knee is swollen.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 91.148.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx təwə \se I \ps n \ge Pacific harbor seal \ge harbor seal, Pacific \ge seal, Pacific harbor \de Pacific harbor seal \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI tɨw̓ɨ ‘hair seal,’ INZ tɨwɨ ‘seal’ (Whistler 1980: 34; SYBCI 2007: 380) \ee Described as being 3-4 ft (0.9-1.2 m) long with spots. The coat is always spotted, but the color of the spots and background can vary significantly. Presumed to refer to the Pacific harbor seal. \xv 1. kilokatəwə ? \xe 'where is the seal?' \se II \ps n \ge spotted/splotched, be \ge splotched/spotted, be \de to be spotted/splotched \xv 1. loʔkawakà ʔan təwə̀ \xe 'spotted bull.' \xv 2. loʔkakitəwə ʔan nayiswelexš \xe 'the time of the small pox epidemic has passed' (said of an epidemic here which dappled the Indians). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd mammals \sd animals \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.898.2, 904.2-906.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ti- \ps vpre \ge AUG \de augmentative verbal prefix \ee The exact meaning of this prefix is uncertain. It may have originally indicated a situation accomplished in increments, though positional (location and direction) meanings are evident in some of the forms. Glossed as AUG. \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ti- ‘off; onto’ (Applegate 1972: 343) \cf ʔałtšatišwənitš \ce married person \cf ʔantipšnekey̓ \ce lizard (species) \cf aqšititap \ce to continue; to keep on; to go on \cf axitiyam \ce to move down; to sink down \cf axʔutinaʔał \ce to walk feebly \cf axʔutitapi \ce to barely get in \cf eqtelew \ce to stick out one's tongue \cf kuštiyət \ce to get through (not using the conventional path/entrance); to sneak in \cf kuštiyətmu \ce place to come through; place to stick out \cf kutiyət \ce to tame \cf matitinəʔəp \ce to move from one place to another \cf maxtinikʔoyi \ce to slip back; to drag back \cf naxutinaʔał \ce to do/go rowdily \cf quntiməkəʔə \ce to cause smth long to go far \cf quntinowo \ce to shoot straight up; to gush straight up \cf quntipʔow \ce to be bent (?said of smth long) \cf quntiwelexš \ce to exceed beyond \cf quntušmaxyətš \ce to be tied too tight \cf siqiłtitap \ce to watch leave \cf sumaxtapəti \ce to pull up \cf suquntipʔow \ce to bend smth \cf suquntiqnowowo \ce to shorten smth \cf sutapət \ce to pull up; to turn up (said of light) \cf sutapəti \ce to run uphill \cf suteqe \ce to move further from oneself \cf sutikum \ce to get near; to put near \cf sutinapay \ce to change the upright position of smth \cf sutinəʔəp \ce to move smth/smn from one place to another \cf sutipey \ce to add to \cf sutipʔow \ce to bend quickly \cf sutiqip \ce to plug; to fill \cf sutixutiwəwə \ce to be in a hurry; to cause to be in a hurry \cf sutiyam \ce to lower \cf sutiyət \ce to move nearer to oneself \cf suxułtimasəx \ce to put around three times; to make three folds; to fold into three layers \cf suxułtinaʔał \ce to let go of a line (?fishline) \cf suxułtipakeʔet \ce to lay out full length \cf suxułtitu \ce to put around two times; to make two folds of; to fold into two layers \cf suxułtitskumu \ce to put around four times; to make four folds; to fold into four layers \cf suyatikum \ce to want to be near \cf šaqtitap \ce hot beverage (coffee, tea, etc.) \cf šatinaʔał \ce to go seed gathering; to harvest seeds \cf šatinaləš \ce wild seed harvest \cf šatiwə \ce spouse \cf šatiwənitš \ce to be married \cf šatiwəš \ce to marry smn \cf ?šukuštimay \ce to misplace; to lose smth \cf šutapətš \ce to pull up \cf šutiwešxeʔe \ce to draw out (information); to ascertain \cf šuwaštimitʔi \ce to pour in a trickle \cf šuwaštitunaš \ce to crossweave two strings \cf šuyašatiwəš \ce to want to marry \cf ?tamay \ce to forget \cf teple \ce to finish little by little; to cease little by little \cf teqe \ce to be further from oneself \cf tiʔiwəš \ce to be with \cf tikikš \ce to comb one’s hair \cf tikowowo \ce to ride side saddle \cf tikum \ce to be against; to be next to \cf tikusuwaya \ce to raise slightly \cf tikʔewewe \ce to trim straight; to remove the edge of so as to leave straight \cf tikʔoy \ce to suspect smn \cf times \ce to button \cf timešeʔeš \ce buttonhook (for shoes); fastener \cf tinaʔał \ce to be stubborn; to be stalwart \cf tinałnaʔał \ce to walk; to go walking \cf tinapay \ce to move back/away from smwh \cf tinawayutš \ce to tell about ancient things \cf tinəʔəp \ce to move from one place to another \cf tinikʔoyi \ce to go backward; to move backward; to back up \cf tipey \ce to be pressed against \cf tipkʔes \ce to open (deer corpse); to gut (an animal) \cf tiple \ce to end little by little \cf tipšoši \ce to be coiled up \cf tisəpəsus \ce to tell stories (fables, myths) \cf tišəpəʔəš \ce narrator of myths \cf titap \ce to chase away \cf tiwalanaʔał \ce to go slowly \cf tiwałeqwełtšeši \ce to feign that one is smth; to make like one is smth; to make believe \cf tiwałtu \ce to wear two of something \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhu \ce to cuddle oneself up in blankets \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhunaʔaš \ce blankets wrapped about oneself \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhutš \ce to be cuddled up with blankets around oneself \cf tiwanskəʔət \ce to put on an apron or dress on onself; to gird oneself with clothes (said by women only) \cf tiyam \ce to sink (down) \cf tiyət \ce to move closer to \cf tošošoy \ce to become black \cf uštipey \ce to mix together; to stir in \cf uwaštinaʔał \ce to carry along \cf waštitʔoy̓ \ce rainbow \cf watwatitiwekey \ce to rub one thing against another \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tiʔiwəš \a tiwəš \va (tiwəš-) \ps v \ge with, be \ge be with \de to be with \mr [] \xv 1. ktiwəšił \xe 'I am here with you.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukakʰtiwəšił \xe 'I am coming to your house.' \xv 3. no ʔan ktiʔiwəšwunwaš lokakawkawiyaʔa \xe 'I was among the Kawiya.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.615.3, 616.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -tiʔiy \a -tiʔì \a -tiì \va (-tii) \ps vsuf \ge CIS \de cislocative verbal suffix \ee Indicates that a verb is directed towards the speaker. Glossed as CIS. \cf ʔiti \ce here \cf -it \ce first person singular object verbal suffix \xv 1. mušahaštiʔiy \xe 'he did not reach here.' \xv 2. tšahaštiʔiyniʔiy \xe 'he arrived here again.' \xv 3. kakyamtiʔiy kełkʔewli \xe 'I came down here going along the bank of a river or edge of a precipice.' \xv 4. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tikikš \ps v \ge comb one’s hair \de to comb one’s hair \gn peñarse \dn peñarse \et *ti/ukikS (KK); *tikikS (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI tikiks ‘to comb,’ INZ tikikš ‘to comb,’ OBI titiks- in titiksmu ‘comb’ (Klar 1977: 77) \mr [] \xv 1. huktikikš \xe 'I am going to comb my hair.' \xv 2. neʔektikikšwaš \xe 'I have already combed my hair.' \xv 3. huktikikš huksunuwu hesikitšnuyu \xe 'I am going to comb or brush my hair with my escebeta.' \sd verbs \sd routine \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.154.1-155.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tikowowo \ps v \ge ride side saddle \de to ride side saddle \mr [] \cf kowowo \ce to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \cf tiyaxaxa \ce to straddle \xv 1. no ʔan huktikowowo \xe 'I am going to ride side saddle.' \xv 2. lokaxʔanxʔanwaʔa ʔan tstikowowo tsiyʔakawayu \xe 'women used to ride sidesaddle.' \xv 3. ʔiti hesałtikumus hesimuwu ʔan neʔešišełxe sikuhkuʔu losixaxaʔax ʔišup ʔan kałʔiyakuhu sikuhkuʔu kʔuwe muʔišukepeš, musiqutitšwałyəkwu sipałpaliʔi \xe 'here on the coast the Indians have become extinct, but in the big mountains there are many and they don't know priests.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.155.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tikum \ps v \ge against, be \ge next to, be \de to be against; to be next to \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf quntikumli \ce to make smth go as far as \cf suyatikum \ce to want to be near \cf tikumšaš \ce to be bundled together; to be near each other \xv 1. kanawa sitikumus \xe 'when he is near.' \xv 2. tštikumus ʔi šupšup mitsqanaqan \xe 'there are lots of hills back of Ventura.' \xv 3. tsisuyatikumus lokašukupinaʔaš kinela siyixwap \xe 'it comes near to the light and at last gets burnt.' \xv 4. ʔiti hesałtikumus hesimuwu ʔan neʔešišełxe sikuhkuʔu losixaxaʔax ʔišup ʔan kałʔiyakuhu sikuhkuʔu kʔuwe muʔišukepeš, musiqutitšwałyəkwu sipałpaliʔi \xe 'here on the coast the Indians have become extinct, but in the big mountains there are many and they don't know priests.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.155.3; 93.242.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tikumšaš \ps v \ge bundled together, be \ge near each other, be \de to be bundled together; to be near each other \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumšaš \ce to be close together \cf tikum \ce to be against; to be next to \xv 1. tšitikumšaš lokaʔaqiwo \xe 'the stars are near together in a bunch.' \xv 2. tšištikumšaš, muštšum \xe 'the point and other side of the fish hook, it is no good.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.155.4-156.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx tikusuwaya \ps v \ge raise slightly \de to raise slightly \mr [] \cf suwaya \ce I. earring II. to hang smth; to raise in the air; to put earrings on smn \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. lakʰan tsałnałpiʔi ʔan tstikusuwaya hemišup \xe 'where he goes he raises the ground a little.' \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.157.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tikʔewewe \ps v \ge trim straight \ge remove the edge of so as to leave straight \de to trim straight; to remove the edge of so as to leave straight \mr [] \xv 1. huktikʔewewe \xe 'I scrape the split junco with piece of shell.' \xv 2. huktikʔewewe \xe 'I remove or trim off the edge of a junco or of a buckskin.' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.157.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tikʔoy \ps v \ge suspect smn \de to suspect smn \gn malicar \dn malicar \mr [] \xv 1. ktikʔoy \xe 'I suspect.' \xv 2. tštikʔoy \xe 'he suspects somebody.' \xv 3. ktikʔoy sexpeweyoł kałxononit \xe 'I suspect that someone stole my horse.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.157.4-158.3; 93.244.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tili \a tilì \ps n \ge vagina \ge vulva \de vagina; vulva \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI til̓i ‘vagina,’ CRZ –til ‘vagina,’ INZ tiliʼ ‘vagina’ (Whistler 1980: 32; Beeler & Klar 1977: 128; SYBCI 2007: 369) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv tini \pde vagina.DIM \cf tini \ce small vagina; vagina of someone young \xv 1. hesiktili \xe 'my vulva' (said by woman). \xv 2. huki palustʔey ? ; kuštʔey sitili \xe 'what did you touch?' ; 'I touched a vagina' (old idiomatic expression). \sd anatomy \sd body \sd idioms \lg JPH \rf 91.163.2-3; 93.249.1, 253.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tiliwu \ps n \ge wheat \de wheat \mr [] \xv 1. hukʰwəp sitiliwu \xe 'I am going to flail wheat.' \xv 2. neʔešʰuwapəš lokatiliwu \xe 'she is already tossing wheat on the batéa.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd food \sd plants \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.164.1, 3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx timak \ps v \ge hug \de hug \xv 1. ktimak hesiqʔanwa \xe 'I hug this woman.' \sd verbs \sd kinship \sd emotions \sd body \lg JPH \rf 93.250.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx timalamexwe \ps v \ge whet slowly \de to whet slowly \mr [] \cf mexwe \ce to whet \xv 1. ktimalamexwe \xe 'I whet my knife slowly.' \sd verbs \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.164.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx times \ps v \ge button \de to button \mr [] \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf timešeʔeš \ce buttonhook (for shoes); fastener \xv 1. ktimesus \xe 'I button him his shirt.' \xv 2. huktimes \xe 'I am going to button it together.' \xv 3. huktimesił sipkamisa \xe 'I am going to button up your shirt for you.' \xv 4. huktimes hesikʰkamisa \xe 'I am going to button my shirt.' \xv 5. timešit hesikʰkamisa \xe 'button my shirt for me!' \xv 6. neʔe štimešeš hesikʰkamisa \xe 'his shirt is buttoned.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.165.1-166.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx timešeʔeš \ps n \ge buttonhook (for shoes) \ge fastener \de buttonhook (for shoes); fastener \mr [] \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf times \ce to button \sd clothes \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.167.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx timew̓ \rd timtimew \a timew \va (timew) \sc Sylvilagus audubonii \ps n \ge cottontail rabbit \ge ground squirrel \de cottontail rabbit; ground squirrel \ee This most likely refers to the desert cottontail. The cottontail has a whiter belly than the bushrabbit. \et *emetʔ ~ em̓et \ec Compare INZ ʼemet ‘ground squirrel,’ PUY ʼem̓et ‘ground squirrel,’ OBI temeʼ ‘ground squirrel’ (Klar 1977: 110) \cf kun̓ \ce rabbit (dark brown species) \cf ma \ce jackrabbit \xv 1. šitšaliyàš ʔi timew \xe 'rabbit trail.' \xv 2. tsʔałkuye sitimew hesikʰqolokʔi \xe 'he carries groundsquirrels by neck stuck under his belt.' \xv 3. lokatimew ʔan ʔałsələnəʔə̀pʰ \xe 'the rabbit is very prolific.' \xv 4. kapšək hesitimew̓ šiqštopo \xe 'I stuff the rabbit with stinkbugs.' \xv 5. loʔkatštəʔəniwaš ʔan tšušpay ʔisʔap sitimew \xe 'the dog is digging into a rabbit hole.' \xv 6. tsasʰunanwu sikukuʔu lokaxʔanwa kihusiyutʔaʔaw sitimew̓ \xe 'she commanded the people to hunt rabbits.' \xv 7. kayəlaʔa lokanununašəʔəš kaliyutiyək heʔismaʔam katimew̓ \xe 'and all the animals that were in the rabbit.' \xv 8. lokayimew tsiʔapʰanə̀tš hemišup \xe 'the rabbits have their warrens' (they live underground). \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.402; 71.862.1-865.2; 90.109.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx timtimew \ps n \ge cottontail rabbit.REDUP \ge ground squirrel.REDUP \de cottontail rabbit; ground squirrel \cf timew̓ \ce cottontail rabbit; ground squirrel \sd reduplications \dt 09/Jan/2013 \lx timuhuyuyu \a timhuyuyu \a timhuyuyun \va (timhuyuyu, timhuyuyun-) \ps v \ge coast down \ge slide down \de to coast down; to slide down \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv timuhuyuyuntiʔiy \pde to coast down.CIS; to slide down.CIS \xv 1. no ʔan ktimuhuyuyu \xe 'I coast down a hillside.' \xv 2. tšitimhuyuyu \xe 'the boys are sliding on the hillside.' \xv 3. tštimhuyuyuntiʔiy \xe 'he came sliding down here.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \dt 02/Sep/2011 \lx tina \ps n \ge washtub \de washtub \mr [] \xv 1. lokaxʔanwa ʔan tšušuštonoy lokamaxakəš lositina (Ϟor loʔištawla) \xe 'the woman is rubbing the cloth in the washtub (on her washboard).' \sd common \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd household \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.119.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tinaʔał \ps v \ge stubborn, be \ge stalwart, be \de to be stubborn; to be stalwart \mr [] \cf axʔutinaʔał \ce to walk feebly \cf axʔutitapi \ce to barely get in \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf naxutinaʔał \ce to do/go rowdily \cf suxułtinaʔał \ce to let go of a line (?fishline) \cf uwaštinaʔał \ce to carry along \xv 1. ktinaʔał \xe 'I struggle refusing to go' (when a man tries to drag me out of this room to make me go somewhere when I do not want to). \xv 2. ʔałtinaʔał \xe (they want to take him alone or to knock him over and) 'he does not let them.' \xv 3. ʔałtinaʔał hesixʔanwa \xe 'this woman is stubborn.' \xv 4. hesikawayu ʔałxupani \xe 'this horse is stubborn.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.168.2-169.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tinałnaʔał \ps v \ge walk \ge go walking \de to walk; to go walking \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf šatinaʔał \ce to go seed gathering; to harvest seeds \cf šatinaləš \ce wild seed harvest \xv 1. huktintinaʔał \xe 'I am going to go walking' \xv 2. wašətš ʔisamtinałnaʔał kəwə huptaxtaxšətš \xe 'the exercise of walking is good for your health.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.168.3-169.3, 172.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tinapay \ps v \ge move back/away from smwh \de to move back/away from smwh \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \xv 1. tinapay ! \xe 'get back or away from there!' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.26.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tinawayutš \ps v \ge tell about ancient things \ge ancient things, tell about \de to tell about ancient things \mr [] \cf nawa \ce temporal particle \cf nawaʔay \ce to be a while ago \xv 1. kʰtinawayutš \xe 'I tell about ancient things.' \sd culture \sd verbs \sd chronometry \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.252.2; 94.364.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tinəʔəp \ps v \ge move from one place to another \de to move from one place to another \ee Harrington notes that ͽtiwuy was more commonly used with the same meaning than ͽnəʔəp. It is unclear how this differs in meaning from ͽmatitinəʔəp. \mr [] \cf matitinəʔəp \ce to move from one place to another \cf sutinəʔəp \ce to move smth/smn from one place to another \xv 1. no ʔan huktinəʔəp \xe 'I am going to change/move from one place to another.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.177.3; 91.170.1-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tini \ps n \ge vagina, small \ge small vagina \ge vagina of someone young \de small vagina; vagina of someone young \ee At least one of Harrington’s consultants was not familiar with this word. \mr [] \cf tili \ce vagina; vulva \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.170.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tinikoyi \cf tinikʔoyi \ce to go backward; to move backward; to back up \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tinikʔoyi \a tinikoyi \va (tinikoyi) \ps v \ge go backward \ge move backward \ge back up \de to go backward; to move backward; to back up \mr [] \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf maxtinikʔoyi \ce to slip back; to drag back \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \xv 1. ʔałtinikʔoyi \xe 'he walks backwards.' \xv 2. tštinikʔoyi \xe 'he goes backward.' \xv 3. katštinikoyi kasməkəʔə \xe 'and he backed up and moved away.' \xv 4. huksutinikʔoyi hesikʰkawayu, hukusmaxyətus kihuksutinikʔoyi \xe 'I am going to make this horse walk backward, pull on reins and make him do thus.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.171.4; 91.171.1; Daughter16 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tinta \ps n \ge ink \de ink \mr [] \xv 1. tsʔutiyək ʔitinta \xe 'ink bottle.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd household \sd tools \lg TJPH \rf 91.516.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tintelu \ps n \ge inkstand \ge inkwell \de inkstand; inkwell \mr [] \xv 1. hukušnaluʔus lositintelu \xe 'I am going to take hold of that inkstand.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \sd household \lg TJPH \rf 91.472.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tip \ps n \ge salt \de salt \et *tepu(ʔ) ~ tipu(ʔ) \ec Compare BOI tip ‘salt,’ INZ tip ‘salt,’ PUY atipɨ ‘salt,’ OBI tepuʼ ‘salt’ (Klar 1977: 107) \cf ʔałtipo \ce smth salty \cf axnitipo \ce to taste like salt; to taste salty \cf tipi \ce to salt \cf tipo \ce to be salty \cf tiptip \ce place where there is much salt \sd food \lg JPH \rf 91.172.2-3; 94.71 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tip- \ps vpre \ge excessive \ge overly \ge INSTR.excessive \de overly; excessive \ee Indicates that something is more than expected in amount or intensity. In Inezeño this means 'to have much N, a large N' (Applegate 1970: 371). Glossed as INSTR.excessive. \cf ʔałtipʔišuš \ce smn with much pubic hair \cf ʔałtipnuxš \ce big-nosed person \cf ʔałtipqəp \ce big-bellied one \cf ʔałtipʔaqləw \ce large-necked one \cf ʔałtipʔatəšwə \ce smn who uses herbs/medicine to kill; sorcerer \cf ʔałtipʔišuš \ce smn with much pubic hair \cf ʔałtipʔoqwo \ce one with much hair (on the head) \cf tipaqwaʔay \ce to be on time \cf tipaxʔunimaš \ce to be a deceiver; to be a professional cheater \cf tipeqe \ce to leave (a course of discussion); to leave others alone \cf tipeqenpi \ce to discuss \cf tipluqay \ce to have many forks (as is said of a branch) \cf tipqəp \ce to be big-bellied \cf tipʔoqwo \ce to have much hair \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipa- \a tip- \va (tip-) \ps vpre \ge by pressing \ge pressing, by \de by pressing \ee Glossed as INSTR.pressing. \cf ʔałʔałtipatu \ce busybody; meddler \cf ʔałʔałtipoyoqotš \ce professional (shell money) borer \cf tipašukitwo \ce to shove a thing out by unsteady shoves \cf tipatu \ce to insert onself; to butt in; to interupt \cf tipawiłpi \ce to press against \cf tipoyoqo \ce to bore (shell money) \cf tipoyoqonəʔəš \ce drill; gimlet \cf tipoyoqotš \ce to bore \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg JPH; TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipak \ps v \ge take coals (in a vessel) \de to take coals (in a vessel) \xv 1. ktipak \xe 'I take live coals in a vessel.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 91.173.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx tipaqwaʔay \ps v \ge on time, be \de to be on time \mr [] \cf aqwaʔay \ce to be/go on the mark; to hit (on) the mark \cf salaqwaʔay \ce to fix smth; to form; to make ready; to refine \xv 1. sinawa kʰkumli lokaʔatʔaxatš an stakuy ʔisʔəw kʔuwe musitsuqwaš kʔuwe ktipaqwaʔay kaypi kimustaktə \xe 'when I arrived the man had his knife drawn but had not stabbed her but I was in time so that he did not stab her.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.173.4; 94.366.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipašukitwo \ps v \ge shove a thing out by unsteady shoves \de to shove a thing out by unsteady shoves \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \cf sukitwo \ce to make go out; to make move out \xv 1. ktipašukitwo \xe 'I shove a thing out by unsteady shoves.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.174.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tipatə \cf tipatu \ce to insert onself; to butt in; to interupt \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipatu \a tipatə \a tipatən \a tipatun \va (tipatə, tipatən-, tipatun-) \ps vt \ge insert oneself \ge butt in \ge interupt \de to insert onself; to butt in; to interupt \mr [] \cf ʔałʔałtipatu \ce busybody; meddler \xv 1. tštipatənuswu \xe 'he butted in where they were doing something.' \xv 2. tštipatuniyuw \xe 'he butted in on us.' \xv 3. musʔił lułtipatənuswu kin husisunuwus loʔkašišxiłʔałtəmu yəlaʔa loʔkałkuwiłpi ka tomoł \xe 'nobody's going to get in with them.' \sd verbs \sd manners \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.174.3-175.1; Tomol2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipawiłpi \ps v \ge press against \de to press against \mr [] \xv 1. huktipawiłpi šaʔatʔaxatš lomiluk (Ϟbut Ϟnot losimiluk) \xe 'I press the man against the corner of the room (with my hands).' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.175.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tipaxʔunimaš \ps v \ge deceiver, be a \ge cheater, be a professional \de to be a deceiver; to be a professional cheater \mr [] \cf axʔunimay \ce to deceive; to fool; to cheat \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. no ʔan ktipaxʔunimaš \xe 'I spend my life deceiving people' (by lies and misrepresentations). \xv 2. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tipaxʔunimaš ͼ[sic.] \xe 'this man is a professional cheat.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd people \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.174.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tipay \ps v \ge dig up \ge recover by digging \de to dig up; to recover by digging \cf tipaymu \ce place where the shinney ball is dug out (in the shinney game) \xv 1. huktipay lokasʔamamənwaš \xe 'I'm going to dig up his body.' \xv 2. ktipay suʔuštšʔəmənəš šaʔałtšum \xe 'I dug up a hidden treasure.' \sd verbs \sd gaming \lg JPH \rf 91.172.4-173.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipaymu \ps n \ge place where the shinney ball is dug out (in the shinney game) \de place where the shinney ball is dug out (in the shinney game) \mr [] \cf tipay \ce to dig up; to recover by digging \sd gaming \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.173.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tipeqe \ps v \ge leave (a course of discussion) \ge leave others alone \de to leave (a course of discussion); to leave others alone \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqen \ce to be removed \xv 1. ktipeqè \xe 'I leave everything alone, don’t mix in with anybody.' \xv 2. no ʔan ktipeʔqè loʔkałʔamtipeqenpi \xe 'I leave a group of people deliberating on some subject.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.1104.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tipeqenpi \ps v \ge discuss \de to discuss \ee Literally, ‘to move smth out of the way.’ \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf tipeqenpi \ce to discuss \xv 1. hektipeqe \xe 'I leave the road or straight course of talk.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa he kałmušiyaqtšum siyʔiyʔałnuna kukamoŋa kikašiyišmotš šipakpakəwaš kikasitipeqenpi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'all this did not please the people and the old men held a meeting to discuss the woman.' \xv 3. no ʔan ktipeqenpi \xe 'I think over a subject (with words or silently), I deliberate a subject.' \xv 4. no ʔan ktipeqenpiyił \xe 'I speak with you (with my mouth).' \xv 5. no ʔan ktipeʔqè loʔkałʔamtipeqenpi \xe 'I leave a group of people deliberating on some subject.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg KO, TH \rf 91.176.1; Glutton27 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipey \ps v \ge pressed against, be \de to be pressed against \mr [] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf sutipey \ce to add to \cf šapuštipey \ce to cook together \cf uštipey \ce to mix together; to stir in \xv 1. tštipey \xe 'it is stick.' \xv 2. tštipeywaš \xe 'it was stuck.' \xv 3. lakʰtipeyił \xe 'I am going to just get close to you so our bodies touch.' \xv 4. tipeyit ! \xe 'press against me!' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.175.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tipəš \rd tiptipəšəš \cf tipəšəʔəš \ce needle \cf tipəšəš \ce I. seam II. to be sewn \cf tipəšmu \ce smth with many seams \se I \ps n \ge awl \de awl \xv 1. lokatipəš loʔismaʔam kaʔaxwi kasʔilʔił \xe 'the awl is in the chamois leather.' \se II \ps v \ge sew \de to sew \xv 1. no ʔan ktipəš \xe 'I sewed.' \xv 2. tsitipəš \xe 'they sew it' (said of tomoł). \sd tools \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 91.176.2-91.178.3, 179.4; 94.331.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipəšəʔəš \ps n \ge needle \de needle \ee This is the native word for needle, the synonym below is borrowed from Spanish. \mr [] \sy ʔawuxa \cf tipəš \ce I. awl II. to sew \sd tools \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.331.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipəšəš \mr [] \se I \ps n \ge seam \de seam \cf tipəš \ce to sew \xv 1. ʔułyi hesitipəšəš \xe 'this seam is long' (said of seam in my shirt). \xv 2. hukniwewek heʔištipəšəš \xe 'I rip it along the seam.' \se II \ps v \ge sewn, be \de to be sewn \cf tipəš \ce to sew \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.179.2-180.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipəšmu \ps n \ge smth with many seams \ge seams, smth with many \de smth with many seams \ee Cannot be applied to an awl. \mr [] \cf tipəš \ce I. awl II. to sew \xv 1. ʔəhə siktipəšmu \xe 'I have many seams; I have much to seam.' \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.180.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipi \rd tiptipi \ps v \ge salt \de to salt \ee This verb indicates that something is only salted a small amount, such as one might do when cooking. 'To salt' as in 'to cure by salt' one would use the form ͽtiptipi. \mr [] \cf tip \ce salt \xv 1. no ʔan ktipi \xe 'I am salting [a dish of food, etc.].' \xv 2. huktipi hesaʔalos \xe 'I am going to salt this rice.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 91.180.4-181.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tipišnuxš \ps v \ge snot-nosed brat, be a \ge pipsqueak \de to be a snot-nosed brat; to be a pipsqueak \mr [] \cf nuxš \ce nose \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.181.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tipkʔes \ps v \ge open (deer corpse) \ge gut (an animal) \de to open (deer corpse); to gut (an animal) \mr [] \sy tiqwis \cf pkʔes \ce to burst open; to open from the inside out \xv 1. huktipkʔes \xe 'I am going to open the deer at the belly' (to remove the insides). \sd hunting \sd food \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.63.2; 91,181.2, 4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiple \ps v \ge end little by little \de to end little by little \mr [] \cf ple \ce to be over; to be finished \cf watiple \ce to have blisters (on one’s hand) \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.182.3; 93.263.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tipluqay \ps v \ge have many forks (as is said of a branch) \ge forks (as is said of a branch), have many \de to have many forks (as is said of a branch) \mr [] \cf luqay \ce to grow spreading \cf qay \ce to be split at the base \xv 1. heʔispu ʔan tštipluqay \xe 'this branch has a lot of forks on it.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.182.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tipo \ps v \ge salty, be \de to be salty \gn salado, estar \dn estar salado \mr [] \cf ʔałtipo \ce smth salty \cf axnitipo \ce to taste like salt; to taste salty \cf tip \ce salt \xv 1. tštipo \xe 'it is salty.' \xv 2. ʔałtipo \xe 'it is too salty.' \xv 3. heʔišupšuʔup ʔan ʔałtipo \xe 'the loose earth is salty.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.253.4, 298.1; 91.183.1-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tipoqwo \cf tipʔoqwo \ce to have much hair \sd variations \dt 03/Sep/2011 \lx tipoyoqo \ps v \ge bore (shell money) \de to bore (shell money) \mr [] \cf ʔałʔałtipoyoqotš \ce professional (shell money) borer \cf tipoyoqonəʔəš \ce drill; gimlet \cf tipoyoqotš \ce to bore \xv 1. tštipoyoqo \xe 'he bores beads.' \xv 2. ktipoyoqo šaʔałtaqaš \xe 'I am boring shell-bead money.' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.183.4-184.1. 185.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipoyoqonəʔəš \ps n \ge drill \ge gimlet \de drill; gimlet \gn barrena \dn barrena \ee This tool was used to drill shell bead money. A gimlet it specific type of drill: a small T shaped tool with a screw tip for boring holes. \mr [] \cf tipoyoqo \ce to bore (shell money) \sd culture \sd economics \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.184.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipoyoqotš \ps v \ge bore \de to bore \ee It is possible that this verb means to bore (shell money) regularly or as a profession. Harrington notes that the old women did this. \mr [] \cf ʔałʔałtipoyoqotš \ce professional (shell money) borer \cf tipoyoqo \ce to bore (shell money) \xv 1. ktipoyoqotš \xe 'I am boring beads.' \sd culture \sd verbs \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.185.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tipqəp \ps v \ge big-bellied, be \de to be big-bellied \mr [] \cf ʔałtipqəp \ce big-bellied one \cf qəp1 \ce surface of the belly; womb \xv 1. tstipqəp \xe 'he is big-bellied.' \sd descriptions \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.113.3; 89.253.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipsweł \ps v \ge run barefoot and kick up dust \de to run barefoot and kick up dust \ee Based on the single example, it is uncertain how much of this definition is actually encoded in the verb. This verb was archaic at the time Harrington recorded it. \xv 1. kʰtipsweł \xe 'I go barefooted and kick up the dust behind me a little as my toes leave the ground at every step as one does when barefooted.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 91.186.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tipše \ps v \ge wring and squeeze \ge milk \de to wring and squeeze; to milk \ee This verb was used of opening clams by pressing and twisting. \cf tipšeš \ce to milk \cf tipšešmu \ce dairy \xv 1. ktipše \xe 'I wring it.' \xv 2. ktipšewu \xe 'I wrung the clams by pressing and twisting.' \xv 2. munayuknaʔał loʔkaʔpʰanəšmu huktipše loʔkawaka \xe 'before going downtown, I must milk the cow.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd animals \sd shellfish \lg JPH \rf 3.72, 91.186.4-187.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipšeš \ps v \ge milk \de to milk \mr [] \cf tipše \ce to wring and squeeze; to milk \cf tipšešmu \ce dairy \xv 1. huktipšeš hesiwaka \xe 'I am going to milk this cow.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.187.3 \dt 23/Aug/2018 \lx tipšešmu \ps n \ge dairy \de dairy \mr [] \cf tipše \ce to wring and squeeze; to milk \cf tipšeš \ce to milk \sd places \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.187.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tipšoši \ps v \ge coiled up, be \de to be coiled up \gn enroscado, estar \dn estar enroscado \mr [] \cf pšoš \ce gophersnake; snake (non-poisonous types) \xv 1. tštipšoši \xe 'it is coiled up.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.187.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tipštewenitš \ps v \ge coiled in a spiral, be \de to be coiled in a spiral \ee Harrington identifies the root ͽtipštewe, but does not offer an example or translation of only the root. \mr [] \xv 1. hesixšap ʔan tštipštewenitš \xe 'this rattlesnake is coiled.' \xv 2. ʔałtipštewenitš \xe 'coiled up, in a spiral.' \xv 3. hesixšap ʔan tštipštewenitš \xe 'this rattlesnake is coiled.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd shape \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.187.4-188.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tiptip \ps n \ge place where there is much salt \ge salt, place where there is much \de place where there is much salt \mr [] \cf tip \ce salt \xv 1. sitiptip \xe 'a place where there is much salt.' \sd places \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.172.3; 94.71 \dt 28/Jun/2018 \lx tiptipəšəš \ps v \ge sew.REDUP \de to sew.REDUP \cf tipəš \ce I. awl II. to sew \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tiptipi \ps v \ge salt.REDUP \de to salt.REDUP \ee The reduplicated form may indicate salting for the purpose of curing. \cf tipi \ce to salt \sd reduplications \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx tipuniyəw \rd tiptipuniyəw \ps v \ge look for a fight \ge fight, look for a \ge pick a quarrel \ge quarrel, pick a \de to look for a fight; to pick a quarrel \mr [] \cf uniyəʔəw \ce to search for \xv 1. ktiptipuniyəwił \xe 'I am trying to pick a quarrel with you.' \xv 2. xwan ʔan tstiptipuniyəw kisamtaktə santiawu \xe 'Juan looked for a fight because they killed Santigo.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.188.4; 93.270.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tipxopʔi \a tipxopi \va (tipxopi) \ee It is possible that this word has the word ͽxəp ‘stone,’ as a root (represented by ͽxop). \mr [] \se I \ps n \ge pipe \de pipe \xv 1. hesiktipxopi \xe 'my pipe.' \se II \ps v \ge smoke \de to smoke a pipe \xv 1. huktipxopʔi \xe 'I am going to smoke a pipe.' \xv 2. tsʰwatilikʔe ʔikatštipxopì (Ϟor kitštipxopì) \xe 'he sits down for a while and smokes.' \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.266.1-2; 94.367.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tipʔoqwo \a tipoqwo \va (tipoqwo) \ps v \ge have much hair \ge hair, have much \de to have much hair \mr [] \cf ʔałtipʔoqwo \ce one with much hair (on the head) \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \xv 1. ʔałtipʔoqwo \xe 'a person who has a lot of hair.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.189.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiqaw \ps n \ge shinney stick \de shinney stick \cf iwokoʔok \ce shinney ball \cf tiqawitš \ce to play shinney (piaque) \cf tiqawitšmu \ce shinney ground; place where shinney is played \sd gaming \lg JPH \rf 91.158.4-159.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiqawitš \ps v \ge play shinney (piaque) \de to play shinney (piaque) \mr [] \cf iwokoʔok \ce shinney ball \cf tiqaw \ce shinney stick \cf tiqawitšmu \ce shinney ground; place where shinney is played \xv 1. tšamtiqawitš \xe 'they are playing piaque.' \xv 2. hušamtiqawitš \xe 'they are going to play shinney.' \sd verbs \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.159.2, 4; 93.245.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiqawitšmu \ps n \ge shinney ground \de shinney ground; place where shinney is played \mr [] \cf tiqaw \ce shinney stick \cf tiqawitš \ce to play shinney (piaque) \sd culture \sd gaming \sd places \rf 94.391.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiqay \ps v \ge split open and remove (shellfish from shell) \de to split open and remove (shellfish from shell) \ee Harrington notes that ‘tiqay’ is the technical term for shelling shellfish. \mr [] \cf qay \ce to be split at the base \xv 1. huktiqaywu saʔalaqutsʔum \xe 'I am going to open the clams -- remove the meat' (using knife or some such thing). \sd verbs \sd food \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.158.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiqiʔip \ps v \ge meet the enemy.REDUP \ge go to war.REDUP \de to meet the enemy; to go to war \cf tiqip \ce to meet the enemy; to go to war \sd reduplications \dt 07/Aug/2018 \lx tiqip \rd tiqiʔip \ps v \ge meet the enemy \de to meet the enemy; to go to war \ee It is unclear if this word is related to the root ͽ-qip- ‘filling action; closing off action.’ \xv 1. huktiqip \xe 'I am going to war.' \xv 2. kayusitiqiʔip seʔemetšeš \xe 'the soldiers already went to war.' \xv 3. tsitiqip \xe 'they leave for war.' \xv 4. lokaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔan husinaʔał (Ϟor husitiqip) losalamtowtowšpi lakəkš no kalmuhuknaʔał, kəwə kušiʔik pakeʔet sikʔułya \xe 'all the men are going to war, I alone am not going because I have a sore finger.' \xv 5. latšə ʔištiqip \xe 'all the time he goes to meet the enemy.' \xv 6. huktiqip \xe 'I am going to meet the enemy.' \sd warfare \sd culture \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 91.160.3-161.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tiqtiqʔuł \ps v \ge scratch.REDUP \ge claw.REDUP \de to claw.REDUP; to scratch.REDUP \cf tiqʔuł \ce to claw; to scratch \sd reduplications \dt 23/Jun/2018 \lx tiqwis \ps v \ge gut \de to gut \mr [] \sy tipkʔes \cf qwis \ce to burst and spill out (said of dead creature’s innards) \cf watiqwis \ce to have a hernia \xv 1. no ʔan ktiqwis \xe 'I gutted the animal' ; 'I cleaned out the guts.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 91.162.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiqʔuł \rd tiqtiqʔuł \ps v \ge claw \ge scratch \de to claw; to scratch \cf šuštiqʔuł \ce to cause smn to scratch \xv 1. ktiqʔuł \xe 'I scratched with my fingernails.' \xv 2. huktiqʔulił \xe 'I am going to claw you.' \xv 3. tštiqtiqʔuł \xe 'it is clawing something, gritting its claws.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.41.2-3; 93.247.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tisəpəsus \ps v \ge tell stories (fables, myths) \de to tell stories (fables, myths) \mr [] \cf səp \ce to teach \cf šəpəš \ce student; one taught \xv 1. muʔamtisəpəsus ! \xe 'do not tell him stories (fables, myths)!' \sd verbs \sd language \sd culture \sd mythology \sd politeness \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.190.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tisitʔi \ps n \ge bird species \de bird species \ee Described as being a lighter color than brown, with pink feet and pink at the base of the beak, and a flattish head. This bird makes a sound similar to the sound of a kiss, and it is similar in size and appearance to a hummingbird. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI tisʰit ‘jenny wren’ (Whistler 1980: 53) \sd birds \sd nature \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 71.602.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tišałməkə \ps v \ge sweep along \de to sweep along \xv 1. ktišałməkə \xe 'I sweep with the broom and keep pushing the sweepings along with the broom as one does with the sweepings from a pile on the floor.' \sd verbs \sd household \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.190.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tišəpəʔəš \ps n \ge narrator of myths \de narrator of myths \mr [] \cf səp \ce to teach \sd people \sd culture \sd mythology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.148.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tišəpəšəš \ps n \ge myth \ge legend \de legend; myth \ee Harrington translates this words as ‘myth.’ This would seem to imply that the facts of such a story are more or less completely false (that the event never happened). The original translation has been offered, but, based on the morphology of the word, the translation of ‘legend’ is also offered. \mr [] \cf səp \ce to teach \xv 1. kqutitwałyək šaʔałtšutšohotš ʔištišəpəš \xe 'I know one who knows how to tell myths.' \sd culture \sd religion \sd mythology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.364.3 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx titap \rd tititap \ps v \ge chase away \de to chase away \mr [] \cf aqšititap \ce to continue; to keep on; to go on \cf axʔutitapi \ce to barely get in \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \xv 1. tštitapwu \xe 'it chases them away.' \xv 2. lasitititap \xe 'they go following after the otter that they are chasing.' \xv 3. huktitap sikawayù \xe 'I am going to pursue a horse.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.100.3, 191.4-193.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiwalanaʔał \ps v \ge go slowly \de to go slowly \ee It is uncertain what the instrumental prefix ͽwala- constributes to this word. It is possible that it is a different affix. \mr [] \sy wayinaʔał \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf walanałnaʔał \ce to stumble about (as if /when drunk) \xv 1. ktiwalanaʔał \xe 'I go slowly.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.193.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiwałeqwełtšeši \ps v \ge feign that one is smth \ge make like one is smth \ge make believe \de to feign that one is smth; to make like one is smth; to make believe \mr [] \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \xv 1. tštiwałeqwełtšeši ʔisixwáp \xe 'he feigned that he was burnt.' \xv 2. no ʔan ktiwaleqwełtšeši \xe 'I make believe.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg TJPH \rf Roadrunner232/69.1102.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiwałtu \ps v \ge wear two of something \de to wear two of something \mr [] \xv 1. tštiwałtu \xe 'he has two pairs of pants on' (one over the other). \xv 2. kaxwitš ʔiškoʔm sipʰilisala no ʔan ktiwaštu hesikpantalon \xe 'I put two blankets over my shoulders, I wore two pair of pants, one over the other.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.193.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiwałtšmuyuyhu \ps v \ge cuddle oneself up in blankets \de to cuddle oneself up in blankets \mr [] \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhunaʔaš \ce blankets wrapped about oneself \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhutš \ce to be cuddled up with blankets around oneself \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.194.2-3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tiwałtšmuyuyhunaʔaš \ps n \ge blankets wrapped about oneself \de blankets wrapped about oneself \mr [] \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhu \ce to cuddle oneself up in blankets \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhutš \ce to be cuddled up with blankets around oneself \xv 1. lokaktiwałtšmuyuyhunaʔaš \xe 'the blankets that I cuddle about me.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.194.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tiwałtšmuyuyhutš \ps v \ge cuddled up with blankets around oneself, be \de to be cuddled up with blankets around oneself \mr [] \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhu \ce to cuddle oneself up in blankets \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhunaʔaš \ce blankets wrapped about oneself \xv 1. ktiwałtšmuyuyhutš \xe 'I have a blanket around my shoulders' (sitting, standing or walking). \xv 2. huktiwałtšmuyuyhutš \xe ' I am going to hold the bed quilts all up around my shoulders and body, am going to cuddle under the bedclothes.' \xv 3. no ʔan kšuyatiwałtšmuyuyhutš kəpə \xe 'I would like to cuddle up in the blankets right now.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.194.2-3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tiwanskəʔət \a tiwanskəət \va (tiwanskəət) \ps v \ge gird oneself with clothes (said by women only) \ge put on an apron or dress on onself \de to put on an apron or dress on onself; to gird oneself with clothes (said by women only) \mr [] \xv 1. tstiwanskəət \xe 'she is putting her apron on, or belting her dress on.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.194.4-195.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tiwekey \ps v \ge scrape off \ge scrape out \de to scrape off; to scrape out \cf watwatitiwekey \ce to rub one thing against another \xv 1. tštiwekey losoʔoya \xe 'she is scraping out the olla.' \xv 2. huktiwekey lokatšotšonəʔəš \xe 'I am going to scale the fish.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 93.275.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tiwəš \rd tiwtiwəš \a tiʔiwəš \a tiyiwə̀š \a tiyiʔwə̀š \a tiyiwəš \va (tiʔiwəš, tiyiʔwə̀š, tiyiwəš) \ps v \ge be with \ge live with \de to be with; to live with \mr [] \cf aktiwəš \ce to come and visit \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \xv 1. ktiwəšił \xe 'I am here with you.' \xv 2. hukiwəšił \xe 'I go along with you.' \xv 3. latšə ʔištiwəšit \xe 'he is always with me.' \xv 4. yontsʰe ʔan tsʔił ʔislantšu ʔan əhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kasikawkawayu satikʔoy kasʔił ʔislantšu, ʔəhə sikuhkuʔu saʔalililikʔenwaš salitiwtiwəšwaš yontsʰe \xe 'Yontsʰe (Luis Francisco) had a ranch and lots of live stock at Saticoy and lots of Indians lived there with him.' \xv 5. kikʰsuweyepùs loʔkaštetè winay kihukʰtiyiwə̀š loʔkaʔałkay̓ay̓i \xe 'I asked permission of Winay’s mother that I be with the intoxicated one [Winay].' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 91.197.4-198.4; Coyo98-99 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tiwhuk \ps v \ge get lost \ge lost, become \de to get lost; to become lost \xv 1. tštiwhuk \xe 'he got lost' (when walking in the fog, in a big city, etc.). \xv 2. ktiwhuk \xe 'I lost my way.' \xv 3. no ʔan ktiwhuk \xe 'I got lost.' \xv 4. heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan tštiwhuk \xe 'this dog got lost.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH \rf 91.199.1-199.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tiwis \rd tiwtiwiʔis \ps n \ge anus \ge bottom \de anus; bottom \cf alitiwispi \ce to stand with one’s buttocks toward \cf qantštiwis \ce to wear one's pants low, just above the hips and down lower in front and behind \xv 1. hesiktiwis \xe 'my anus.' \xv 2. tšuxš siptiwis \xe 'your anus stinks.' \xv 3. tsilikʔenpi loʔistiwis hešiquyiwaš \xe 'the basket sits on its bottom.' \xv 4. kakšikʔə hesiktiwis \xe 'my anus itches.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 91.200.1-201.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tiwołkʔom \ps v \ge hug (not said of doing to a person) \de to hug (not said of doing to a person) \mr [] \xv 1. ktiwołkʔom hesipon̓ \xe 'I am hugging this pole.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.201.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiwtiwəš \ps v \ge be with.REDUP \ge live with.REDUP \de to be with.REDUP; to live with.REDUP \cf tiwəš \ce to be with; to live with \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tiwtiwiʔis \ps n \ge anus.REDUP \ge bottom.REDUP \de anus.REDUP; bottom.REDUP \cf tiwis \ce anus; bottom \sd reduplications \dt 03/Sep/2011 \lx tiwuy \ps v \ge relocate oneself \de to relocate oneself \cf astiwuy \ce to have smth embedded in (one's flesh) \cf sutiwuy \ce to transplant smth/smn \xv 1. ktiwuy \xe 'I moved from one house, room, or town to another.' \xv 2. huktiwuy \xe 'I am going to move from one place or town to another.' \xv 3. tštiwuy \xe 'he moves from one place or local to another.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH \rf 91.202.1, 3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tixwaha \a tixwaxa \va (tixwaxa) \ps v \ge scratch (with fingernails, claws, talons) \de to scratch (with fingernails, claws, talons) \cf sixway̓ \ce fingernail; claw; thorn; nail (finger or toe) \cf tixwahanəš \ce scratches (from fingernails, claws, talons) \xv 1. huktixwaxa (Ϟor huktixwaha) \xe 'I am going to scratch it with my fingernails.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.189.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tixwahanəš \ps n \ge scratches (from fingernails, claws, talons) \de scratches (from fingernails, claws, talons) \mr [] \cf sixway̓ \ce fingernail; claw; thorn; nail (finger or toe) \cf tixwaha \ce to scratch (with fingernails, claws, talons) \xv 1. hesixəp ʔan tixwahanəš \xe 'this rock has fingernail scratches on it.' \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.189.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tixwaxa \cf tixwaha \ce to scratch (with fingernails, claws, talons) \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiyam \ps v \ge sink (down) \de to sink (down) \mr [] \cf axitiyam \ce to move down; to sink down \cf sutiyam \ce to lower \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. heʔišliyək ʔan tštiyam \xe 'it sank in the middle a little.' \xv 2. tštiyam sikpantalon \xe 'my pants are slipping.' \xv 3. neʔeštiyam hesimuwu \xe 'the tide went out.' \xv 4. kilikʔenpi hesikaxon ʔan tštiyam \xe 'I sat down on this box and it sank down a little.' \xv 5. tštiyam kəwə musiyapətpət \xe 'it sinks down because they do not stamp down the earth.' \xv 6. no ʔan kustsʔəmə hesikʰqo heʔisipʰoʔo ʔiškom̓ šiʔišaw kištiyam \xe 'I buried my dog, the mound sank down lower in two days.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.311.4; 91.150.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tiyaxaxa \ps v \ge straddle \de to straddle \cf tikowowo \ce to ride side saddle \xv 1. tsitiyaxaxa ʔisiyʔakawayu \xe 'they do the opposite of ride side saddle.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 91.150.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiyep \ps vt \ge inform \de to inform \cf nutiyepšeši \ce to confess one to another \cf tiyepeš \ce topic (of discussion); news \xv 1. ki sitiyepus loʔkašiwopowaš \xe 'they told their grandfather.' \xv 2. tšʰtiyepit lošikpoš \xe 'my heart suspects something (good or bad)' ; 'I surmise.' \xv 3. tštiyepus lokaštete yəlaʔa ʔiʰetnetuʔutš ͼ[sic.] ʔan tsalaxsmu kanawa šʰatiwənitšwaš. kasʰin lokaštete huktiyepus, "lokapkoko sipałnetpi," kikašnaʔał \xe 'she told her mother all that had befallen her – her sufferings since she had been married. and her mother said, “I will go and tell your father your condition,” and she went.' \xv 4. tsʔip “ʔaskúkù ʔałʔałkepkeʔep hekakʰkepmu?” kiwə munašištiyepušwašhałtskumi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'he said, “who is bathing in my pool?” For they had not told him of the arrival of the woman.' \xv 5. lakʰan hałtšaqša ʔan pitiyepit kihuknaʔał \xe 'in case I die, tell me where I will go.' \xn 'si á caso muera, avisame para ir yo.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.153.4; 91.150.3-151.2, 151.4-152.2; Coyo44; Daughter100 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tiyepeš \ps n \ge topic (of discussion) \ge news \de topic (of discussion); news \cf tiyep \ce to inform \xv 1. lawaliʔiʔin tšampošʰotš lokatiyepeš (Ϟor ʔisiʔałhašlaš) \xe , what they are talking about they all know very quickly.' \sd common \sd language \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.151.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tiyət \ps v \ge move closer to \de to move closer to \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv tiyətiʔiy \pde to move closer to.REP \cf kuštiyət \ce to get through (not using the conventional path/entrance); to sneak in \cf kuštiyətmu \ce place to come through; place to stick out \cf sutiyət \ce to move nearer to oneself \cf suquntitiyət \ce to shorten smth by moving its two ends together \cf uwatiyətš \ce to report to \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. tštiyət \xe 'he moved closer to [smn].' \xv 2. huštiyət \xe 'she will draw close to [a person].' \xv 3. tiyət oxoł ! \xe 'get warm by the fire!' (said to a person trembling with cold). \xv 4. kikanupan tštiyət kikasʔuwlilo \xe 'and he comes and eats him up.' \xv 5. tštiyət lokaštete kisaxnitʔałkoy sałʔipʰpi lakašʰaʔay̓ \xe 'the mother came near and listened closely to what her daughter said.' \xv 6. yəlaʔa hesitaktaktəʔəš ʔan tšiqałkənəʔət xesu kristo kisiyenhespi, kilakəkš lokamula kałmuštiyət, tšipipšoš kismaqutinaʔał \xe 'all the animals got in a circle around Jesus Christ and they breathed upon him, but the mule alone did not draw near, he was puffing or snorting and he went away.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.152.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx to \ps n \ge brother-in-law \de brother-in-law \gn cuñado \dn cuñado \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI toʼ ‘brother/sister in law,’ CRZ -toʼo ‘brother/sister-in-law’ (Beeler & Klar 1977: 38; Whistler 1980: 54, 80) \ee Since brother-in-law can refer to several different relations to ego in American English, it is unclear to what relationships ͽto can refer. At the very least, it seems that it can refer to a married sister’s husband. \cf xəš \ce sister-in-law \xv 1. (lo)kakʰto \xe 'he is my brother-in-law.' \xv 2. kašto \xe 'he is his brother-in-law.' \sd kinship \sd affinal \lg FL; JPH \rf 72.209.3-210.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tok \ps n \ge Indian hemp \ge hemp, Indian \ge dogbane \de Indian hemp; dogbane \ee The fiber of this plant, once rolled into strings of various sizes, was useful for sewing buckskin backs, as a bowstring, lashing plankts on a tomoł, and more (Timbrook 2007: 31 34). Referred to as 'red milkweed' in the Harrington notes. \sd nature \sd plants \lg TJPH; JT; JPH \rf 69.715.1; 81.82.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tokołtšwotʔitš \a tokołtšwotitš \va (tokołtšwotitš) \ps v \ge arms crossed, have one's \ge cross one's arms \de to have one’s arms crossed; to cross one’s arms; to be with arms crossed \xv 1. huktokołtšwotʔitš \xe 'I am going to cross my arms.' \xv 2. no ʔan ktokołtšwotitš \xe 'I have my arms crossed.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.203.2, 4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tokom \rd toktokom \ps v \ge cramp, have a \ge cramps, have \ge have (a) cramp(s) \de to have a cramp; to have cramps \xv 1. no ʔan ktokom \xe 'I have a cramp .' \xv 2. ktoktokom \xe 'I had bad cramps last night.' \xv 3. ktoktokom hesikistukun \xe 'I have a cramp in my knee.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.278.3; 91.204.1 \dt 13/Oct/2018 \lx tokoy \ps n \ge ring (of hoop and pole game) \de ring (of hoop and pole game) \cf tokoyitš \ce to play hoop and pole game \sd gaming \lg JPH \rf 91.203.1 \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx tokoyitš \ps v \ge play hoop and pole game \de to play hoop and pole game \mr [] \cf tokoy \ce ring (of hoop and pole game) \xv 1. hukitokoyitš \xe 'we are going to play ͽtokoy.' \sd verbs \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.203.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tokšlolo \se I \ps n \ge fistful \ge handful \de handful; fistful \xv 1. pakeʔet siktokšlolo \xe 'one single handful.' \se II \ps v \ge grab a handful of smth \de to grab a handful of smth \xv 1. huktokšlolo ʔišupšuʔup \xe 'I am going to grab a handful of earth.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.204.3-204.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tokšo \ps v \ge skin (as is said of an animal) \de to skin (as is said of an animal) \cf aqułtšpaxatš \ce to be peeled (said of an orange); to be shelled (said of a nut) \cf tokšotš \ce to be skinned \xv 1. huktokšo hesihaw \xe 'I am going to skin the fox.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd body \sd hunting \lg JPH \rf 89.115; 91.205.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tokšotš \ps v \ge skinned, be \de to be skinned \mr [] \cf aqułtšpaxatš \ce to be peeled (said of an orange); to be shelled (said of a nut) \cf tokšo \ce to skin (as is said of an animal) \xv 1. neʔeštokšotš \xe 'it is skinned.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.205.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx toktokom \ps v \ge have a cramp.REDUP \ge have cramps.REDUP \de to have a cramp; to have cramps \cf tokom \ce to have a cramp; to have cramps \sd reduplications \dt 13/Oct/2018 \lx tokʰononutš \ps v \ge mildewy, be \de to be mildewy \gn apolillado, estar \gn tener moho \gn moho, tener \dn estar apolillado; tener moho \xv 1. tštokʰononutš \xe 'it is mildewy.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 91.205.4-206.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tołmow \ps v \ge rotten (as said of meat that stinks) \de to be rotten (as said of meat that stinks) \ee This verb is not used of a rotten piece of wood. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałtołmow \pde something rotten \cf koninitš \ce to be wormy (said of rotten meat not of wood) \cf mowh \ce smth sweet; candy made from molasses \xv 1. ʔałtołmow \xe 'something rotten.' \xv 2. ʔałʔuw saʔałtołmow \xe 'one who eats rotten meat.' \xv 3. laxuʔałtołmow ʔišʔuxšaʔaš \xe 'it smells like [smth] rotten.' \xv 4. musʔił hałʔalxułtsʔəy payikʔulaštołmow ʔan numiš tsʔuw \xe 'he is not easily disgusted by food, he eats any rotten stuff.' \xv 5. tštołmow heʔismaʔam \xe 'it is rotten inside.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.5.1; 91.207.2-209.1, 3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tołnokš \ps v \ge embrace with the arms \de to embrace with the arms \ee Harrington notes that this can be used only of the arms wrapping around. \mr [] \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \xv 1. ktołnokš \xe 'I embrace' (a bundle of hay, a person, etc.). \sd verbs \sd body \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.209.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tolo \ps n \ge bull \de bull \gn toro \dn toro \mr [] \xv 1. tšixaʔàš ʔitsoxwoʔò loʔkatolò \xe 'the bull roars, makes thunderous noise.' \sd animals \sd husbandry \sd mammals \sd Spanish \sd loans \lg JPH \rf 71.727.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx toloq \cf tʔoloq \ce to be hungry \sd variations \dt 19/Nov/2012 \lx tołtiya \ps n \ge tortilla \de tortilla \gn tortilla \dn tortilla \mr [] \cf pikawanəš \ce tortilla \cf tołtiyatš \ce to make tortillas \sd food \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.362.4; 91.209.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tołtiyatš \ps v \ge make tortillas \ge tortillas, make \de to make tortillas \mr [] \cf pikawatš \ce to make tortillas \cf tołtiya \ce tortilla \xv 1. huktołtiyatš \xe 'I am going to make tortillas.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.362.4; 91.210.1-210.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tolu \ps name \ge El Toro \de El Toro \mr [] \xv 1. hesitolu ʔan tsʔił tšaʔaliyaš ʔan tsxmen lokašə kika musiyam kəwə tšʰəhətš. tsʔił sikuw̓ ʔan tsiyołkʔoli kika siyuliʔiš lokaʔaliyaš \xe 'at El Toro was a road and the bank and they did not go down that place for it was steep. there was liveoak, and they turned out around it and got the road again.' \sd places \lg TJPH \rf 90.747.1; 92.258.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tomoł \rd tomtomoʔoł \ps n \ge tomoł \ge canoe (sewn-plank) \ge boat \de tomoł; canoe (sewn-plank); boat \gn cayuco \dn cayuco \et *tomolo (PSC) \ec Compare BOI tom̓ol ‘sewn-plank canoe,’ CRZ tmol ⁓ tomolo ‘sewn-plank canoe,’ INZ tomol ‘sewn-plank canoe,’ PUY tomoł ⁓ tomo ‘tomoł; sewn-plank canoe’ (Klar 1977: 76; Klar & Jones 2005: 372; Harrington 1986: 3.6.29.2) \cf ʔałʔałtomolitš \ce canoer \xv 1. lositomtómòʔòł kanawnawayiwáʔàš kaku \xe 'the canoes of the ancients' (it is not necessary to reduplicate here). \sd culture \xv 2. no ʔan tsʔił siktomtomoʔoł, an ʔiʔałtowitš \xe 'I have canoes, they are swift.' \xv 3. kqisə sitomòł loʔišliyək simuwu \xe 'I see a boat in the middle of the channel.' \xv 4. kʰqisə sitomoł lomə̀ʔə̀k \xe 'I see a boat way out (at sea).' \xv 5. ʔałtowitš hesiktomoł \xe 'my canoe is swift.' \sd hunting \sd tools \sd technology \sd tomol \lg JPH \rf 69.924.2; 90.11-17; 91.210.4-211.3 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx tomtomoʔoł \ps n \ge canoe (sewn-plank).REDUP \ge boat.REDUP \ge tomoł.REDUP \de canoe (sewn-plank).REDUP; boat.REDUP \cf tomoł \ce tomoł; canoe (sewn-plank); boat \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tono \a ton̓o \a toʔno \va (ton̓o) \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ton̓oʼ ‘scorekeeper (in games, gambling)’ (SYBCI 2007: 382) \se I \ps n \ge overseer of gaming \de overseer of gaming \ee Harrington translates this word as ‘umpire,’ although the Spanish he also offers ‘coime’ does not translate into English as such. It seems that this person was both the one in charge of running a game (the 'pit-boss'), but also of handling bets (the 'bookie'). \se II \ps v \ge oversee gaming \ge oversee smth \de to oversee gaming; to act as referee and bookie; to oversee smth \xv 1. tštono \xe 'he is an overseer of gaming.' \xv 2. ʔasku lułtono \xe 'who will be the overseer of gaming?.' \xv 3. no ʔan hukton̓o \xe 'I am going to oversee gaming.' \xv 4. wasmayə̀ kihukiton̓onùs winay kaʔloʔkamomoy \xe 'tonight to accompany Winay and the toloache.' \sd verbs \sd people \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.212.1; Coyo87 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tonowš \ps v \ge lose one's hair \de to lose one's hair \cf ʔałtonowš \ce smn/smth hairless (from some illness) \xv 1. neʔeštonowš hesikʰqo \xe 'my dog is getting thus' (cannot say of people). \sd body \sd verbs \sd animals \lg TJPH \rf 89.255.4, 256.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tonoy \ps vroot \de ?clean; ?clean off \cf uštonoy \ce to rub clean \sd roots \sd vroots \dt 26/Jul/2018 \lx tonton \ps name \ge tonton \de Tonton (woman's name) \sd names \rf Coyo6 \dt 13/Oct/2018 \lx tonton̓ \ps n \ge northern flying squirrel \ge flying squirrel, northern \ge squirrel, northern flying \de northern flying squirrel \ee See also Pinart 1952 (56). The difference in meaning between this word and ͽšošo ‘flying squirrel’ is unclear; there is only one species of flying squirrel in California. \xv 1. tsaqʰwałmày ʔištəqʰšaʔaš \xe 'it is shadow colored.' \xv 2. loʔkatonton̓ ʔan tsʰyamtiʔì loʔkapon̓ tsuniyəw sułʔuw ka ʔisaqʰmił \xe ' the flying squirrel descends (walking) the tree to seek its food and drink.' \xv 3. loʔkatonton̓ ʔan tšaqʰtatšùn tsxełmes sipon̓ mušniwotšohò \xe 'the flying squirrel jumps far from one tree to another, it does not stop.' \xv 4. tsʔił ʔisxoyoyo loʔkatonton̓ tsuxniy, yəlàʔà heʔsiponpòn̓ kasaqutipʰlè, kisyamtiʔì, kitsapałhay, kisikuk sixəp, kuwé mušaqʰšà, kikašnaʔał tsxoyoyò. kasapəti sipon̓ kinaštəʔəə̀ loʔištək ka silikʔè, kasalaqʰway kisxoyòyò. tskuyam sitsʔohoy sipon̓ kikatšaqʰwin \xe 'the flight of the flying squirrel begins when he quits all the trees, he descends, jumps, and bumps against a rock, but does not die, he goes and flies. he then climbs a tree and while poised on the tip [of a branch], he flies right, he sits [?lands] atop another branch, and that is all.' \sd mammals \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.775.1-778.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ton̓o \cf tono \ce I. overseer of gaming II. to oversee gaming; to act as referee and bookie; to oversee smth \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx topo \hm 1 \rd toptopoʔo \ps n \ge navel \ge belly button \ge hub \de navel; button; hub \gn hombligo \dn hombligo \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI topʼo ‘navel,’ INZ topoʼ ‘navel; umbilical cord’ (Whistler 1980: 34; SYBCI 2007: 382) \xv 1. siktopo \xe 'my navel.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 91.213.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx topo \hm 2 \cf topoh \ce common reed \sd variations \dt 17/Jan/2018 \lx topoh \a topo \va (topo) \ps n \ge common reed \ge reed, common \de common reed \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (137 139). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.82.3 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx topoho \a topohon \va (topohon-) \ps v \ge wrap in cloth \de to wrap in cloth \cf topohonəš \ce bundle wrapped in cloth \xv 1. huktopoho hesixəp \xe 'I am going to wrap this stone' (in my handkerchief). \xv 2. huktopohonpi hesikpanyu \xe 'I am going to wrap it in my handkerchief.' \xv 3. ktopoho \xe 'I make a bundle' (by tying things up in my handkerchief). \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 91.213.4-214.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx topohonəš \ps n \ge bundle wrapped in cloth \de bundle wrapped in cloth \mr [] \cf topoho \ce to wrap in cloth \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.215.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx toponpon \cf taponpon \ce kidney(s) \sd variations \dt 31/Aug/2011 \lx toponxele \ps excl \de - \ee The meaning of this word is unclear. Harrington notes: “[Speaker] thinks it must be the name of an Ind[ian] or it may be a refrain based on V[entureño] ͽlatoʔponxele, [which is] an empty vanity. Inf[ormant] has heard Ind[ian]s shout or say ͽtoponxele to others or another." \sd exclamations \lg JPH \rf 91.215.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx topšoqʔi \ps v \ge rotten (said of wood), be \de to be rotten (said of wood) \cf koninitš \ce to be wormy (said of rotten meat not of wood) \cf tołmow \ce to be rotten (as said of meat that stinks) \xv 1. ʔałtopšoqʔi (Ϟor tštopšoqʔi) \xe 'the wood is rotten.' \sd plants \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 90.5.1; 91.216.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx toptopoʔo \ps n \ge navel.REDUP \ge belly button.REDUP \ge hub.REDUP \de navel.REDUP; belly button.REDUP; hub.REDUP \cf topo1 \ce navel; button; hub \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -toqo- \ps vroot \de pivot back on oneself \cf ʔontoqots \ce whirlwind \cf alitoqoqo \ce to be sitted/squatted frog fashion on the floor with one’s legs bent \cf toqoqo \ce to bend one’s knees as sharply as possible \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx toqoqo \ps v \ge bend one's knees as sharply as possible \de to bend one’s knees as sharply as possible \mr [] \cf ʔontoqots \ce whirlwind \cf alitoqoqo \ce to be sitted/squatted frog fashion on the floor with one’s legs bent \cf sutoqoqo \ce to make bend at the knees \xv 1. no ʔan ktoqoqo \xe 'I have my knees bent sharp' (as sharp as I can bend them when sitting on the floor or in bed or any bodily position). \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.206.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx toqtqoʔoloʔoł \ps n \ge armpit.REDUP \de armpit.REDUP \cf toqʔoloł \ce armpit \sd reduplications \dt 03/Sep/2011 \lx toqʔoloł \rd toqtqoʔoloʔoł \ps n \ge armpit \de armpit \et *-uqʔolo(lo) \ec Compare BOI toqʼoloł ‘armpit,’ INZ toqʼolo ‘armpit,’ OBI tiqʼololo ‘armpit’ (Klar 1977: 22) \cf toqʔololi \ce to carry under the arm \xv 1. ktoqʔoloł \xe 'my armpit.' \xv 2. ʔəhə sikʰinpštə hesiktoqʔoloł \xe 'I have lice in my armpit.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.401.1; 91.206.3-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx toqʔololi \a toqʔololì \ps v \ge carry under arm \de to carry under the arm \mr [] \cf toqʔoloł \ce armpit \xv 1. huktoqʔololi hesitase \xe 'I am going to carry this cup under my arm.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.207.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tošošoy \ps v \ge become black \ge black, become \de to become black \mr [] \cf šošoy \ce to be black; to be dark \xv 1. tštošošoy \xe 'it became black' (when it was previously not black). \sd verbs \sd colors \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.216.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tot \se I \ps n \ge glans \ge head of penis \de glans; head of penis \xv 1. tšuxš siptot \xe 'your penis end stinks.' \se II \ps v \ge glans exposed, be with \de to be with glans exposed \ee It is unclear if this can refer to a circumcised penis. \xv 1. pʔałtot \xe 'you are bare penis-ended.' \xv 2. tštot hesikxət \xe 'the end of my penis has no ?skin over it, is bare.' \sd body \sd descriptions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.216.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx totstotsʔi \ps v \ge kick.REDUP \de kick.REDUP \cf totsʔi \ce to kick \sd reduplications \dt 03/Sep/2011 \lx totsʔi \rd totstotsʔi \ps v \ge kick \de to kick \cf maqutitotsʔi \ce to kick smn/smth while running \cf totšʔitš \ce to kick (said of a creature that is in the habit of kicking) \xv 1. ktotsʔi \xe 'I kick' (forwards or backwards). \xv 2. ktotstotsʔi \xe 'I kicked several times.' \xv 3. ktotsʔi lokaštəʔəniwaš \xe 'I kicked the dog.' \xv 4. ktotsʔi hesipapeł \xe 'I kick this paper out of the path.' \xv 5. kmətpi kikaktotstotsʔi \xe 'I turned my back to him and kicked him.' \xv 6. tštotsʔi sikawayu kikałnaqša \xe 'he died of a horse kick.' \xv 7. santiawu ʔan ʔulaštotsʔi xwan \xe 'Santiago would like to kick Juan.' \xv 8. lokaštəʔəniwaš ʔan husaxsilił sihuptotsʔi \xe 'the dog is going to bite you if you kick him.' \xv 9. ulaktotsʔi hesitorri \xe 'if I kick this tower.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.217.2-219.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx totštotšʔitš \ps v \ge kick (said of a creature that is in the habit of kicking.REDUP \de to kick (said of a creature that is in the habit of kicking).REDUP \cf totšʔitš \ce to kick (said of a creature that is in the habit of kicking) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx totšʔitš \rd totštotšʔitš \ps v \ge kick (said of a creature that is in the habit of kicking) \de to kick (said of a creature that is in the habit of kicking) \cf totsʔi \ce to kick \xv 1. tštotšʔitš \xe 'he kicks (said of a horse).' \xv 2. tštotštotšʔitš \xe 'the horse kicks' (when the horsefly stings him). \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 91.219.4-220.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx towitš \ps v \ge swift, be \ge fast, be \ge to be fast; to be swift \de to be fast; to be swift \gn ligero, ser \dn ser ligero \ee Harrington lists this form twice as being ͽitowitš, but it is unclear if this is a mistake, a mistake in his translation (in which case the initial ͽi could be the plural affix) , or merely a variant. \xv 1. tštowitš \xe 'it goes swift.' \xv 2. tšitowitš \xe 'it is swift.' \xv 3. tšitowitš = ʔałtowitš \xe 'a swift person.' \xv 4. ʔałtowitš hesiktomoł \xe 'my boat is swift.' \xv 5. ʔałtowitš lošaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'that man is very swift.' \xv 6. ʔišʔaltowitš hesiktomtomòʔòł \xe 'my two canoes are swift.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 91.220.4-222.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx towonwon \ps n \ge rattle \de rattle \ee Also translated as ‘the music of the coyote,’ perhaps since it was used in the Coyote Dance. \cf towonwonitš \ce to rattle (a rattle) \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH \rf 91.222.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx towonwonitš \ps v \ge rattle (a rattle) \de to rattle (a rattle) \mr [] \xv 1. huktowonwonitš \xe 'I am going to sound the rattle.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.222.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx towš \rd towtowš \ps v \ge fight \de to fight \cf ʔałtšuyatowš \ce quarlsome person \cf aktitowš \ce to come to fight \cf alitowš \ce to war at night \cf axitowš \ce to fight together of a sudden \cf unitowš \ce to fight in the morning \xv 1. yət hukištowš ! \xe 'come, let us two fight!' \xv 2. mupixono, mupitowš ! \xe 'do not steal, do not fight!' \xv 3. yəlaʔa lokaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔan husinaʔał (Ϟor husitiqip) losalamtowtowšpi lakəkš no kalmuhuknaʔał, kəwə kušiʔik pakeʔet sikʔułya \xe 'all the men are going to war, I alone am not going, because I have a sore finger.' \xv 4. hesikuhkuʔu ʔan tšiyoxonišpi sitaxama kəwə tšuxš ʔišoxšoł. naštəʔəʔə tšitowš kisʔip, "pakeʔet tsyət sitaxama," kikalasiyalinowo \xe 'the Indians feared the skunk for its urine stinks. when they were fighting some one would say, "there comes the skunk," and they just stood.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd manner \sd warfare \lg JPH \rf 91.222.4-224.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx towtowš \ps v \ge fight.REDUP \de fight.REDUP \cf towš \ce to fight \sd reduplications \dt 03/Jan/2011 \lx toyo- \ps vpre \ge INSTR.feet \ge with the feet \ge feet, with the \de with the feet \ee Glossed as INSTR.feet. \et *tVyV- \ec Compare BOI taya-šnipit ‘steps,’ OBI teye ‘steps’ (in BOI tVyV- is a verbal prefix meaning ‘to do with the feet’) (Klar 1977: 110) \cf toyonowo \ce to stand on one’s head \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd body \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH; KK \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx toyonowo \ps v \ge stand on one’s head \de to stand on one’s head \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. ktoyonowo \xe 'I stood on my head.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.202.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tu \rd tutuʔu1 \hm 1 \ps n \ge ear \de ear \et *tuʔ \ec Compare BOI tuʼ ‘ear,’ CRZ tu ⁓ tuʼu ‘ear,’ INZ tuʼ ‘ear,’ OBI tuʼ ‘ear,’ and PUY tu ‘ear’ (Klar 1977: 83; Harrington 1986: 3.6.18.2, 1089.1) \mr [] \ee Cannot call leaf of plant ͽtu. See also Timbrook 2007 (212-213) for information on plant species with this term. \cf ʔaluqštu \ce deaf person \cf ʔuxstu \ce to be deaf \cf kʔitʔuqštu \ce to be slightly deaf \cf qunpstu \ce skirt ornament; peso \cf štuʔiwaš \ce abalone shell with tar-plugged holes \cf tuʔun \ce to have smth behind one's ear \cf waxstu \ce to have earwax \cf waxštu \ce earwax \xv 1. siktu \xe 'my ear.' \xv 2. heʔistu \xe 'his ear. \xv 3. heʔištək siktu \xe 'the lobe of my ear.' \xv 4. kułhamił losiptu \xe 'I am going to bore (pierce) your ears for you.' \xv 5. ʔiškom̓laʔa sikʰtu \xe 'my two ears.' \xv 6. štu ʔi qašə \xe 'abalone shell with tar-plugged holes.' \xv 7. tštu ʔi qonon \xe 'plant species' (lit., ‘ear of rat’). \xv 8. tštu ʔi ma \xe 'California goldenrod' (lit., ‘ear of jackrabbit’). \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 91.224.4-226.4; 93.291.2 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx -tu- \ps vroot \hm 2 \ge two \ge twice \de be two; two; twice \ee This root seems to be archaic. \cf ʔałʔałtipatu \ce busybody; meddler \cf axitu \ce to do/happen again \cf iłtuniʔi \ce to be half full \cf iwištu \ce to accompany smn \cf kamaqtu \ce to remove half by cutting in the middle \cf kinatunus \ce to die with smn \cf kinatutš \ce to die involving two \cf maqtu \ce to be halved \cf maqtuʔu \ce to be halfway through \cf nutałtutš \ce to take hold of with both hands \cf qunpstu \ce skirt ornament; peso \cf sałtu \ce to count two; second \cf saxitu \ce to do/happen twice \cf saxsaxtu \ce to do two at a time \cf simaqtu \ce to double into two parts \cf sumaqtu \ce to halve \cf suxułtitu \ce to put around two times; to make two folds of; to fold into two layers \cf šuwaštitunaš \ce to crossweave two strings \cf tałtu \ce to grasp two \cf tiwałtu \ce to wear two of something \cf tšmaqtunutš \ce half \cf ulutu \ce to be two-pronged \cf wimaqtu \ce to knock into two pieces \cf xałtu \ce to carry two things \sd vroots \sd verbs \sd roots \sd numbers \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tuʔun \ps v \ge have smth behind one's ear \ge ear, have smth behind one's \de to have smth behind one's ear \mr [] \cf tu1 \ce ear \xv 1. ktuʔun \xe 'I have them behind my ears.' \xv 2. ktuʔun hesiksikalu \xe 'I stick my cigarette behind my ear.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.546.4; 91.233.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tuʔutʔu \a tutuʔu \va (tutuʔu) \ps v \ge one-eyed, be.REDUP \de to be one-eyed.REDUP \cf tʔutʔu \ce to be one-eyed \sd reduplications \dt 03/Sep/2011 \lx tuhtuhuy \se I \ps n \ge rain.REDUP \de rain.REDUP \se II \ps v \ge rain.REDUP \de to rain.REDUP \sd reduplications \dt 03/Sep/2011 \lx tuhuy \hm 1 \rd tuhtuhuy \a tuhui \va (tuhui) \et *tuhuy (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI tuhuy ‘rain,’ CRZ tuhuy ‘rain,’ INZ tuhuy ‘rain,’ OBI tu ‘rain,’ PUY tuhu’u̥ ‘rain’ (Klar 1977: 106; Harrington 1986: 3.6.1125.1) \cf ʔałsutuhuy \ce small bird species \cf sutuhuy \ce to cause rain; to make rain \se I \ps n \ge rain \de rain \gn lluvia \dn lluvia \xv 1. neʔešnaʔał situhuy \xe 'winter is over' (refers to the rainy season). \xv 2. kahuséqe situhuy \xe 'it will stop raining.' \se II \ps v \ge rain \de to rain \gn llover \dn llover \xv 1. tštuhuy \xe 'it rains.' \xv 2. ʔałtuhuy \xe 'it is raining.' \xv 3. huštuhuy naxyət \xe 'it will rain tomorrow.' \xv 4. tstsʔəmə hustuhuy \xe 'it is rain-cloudy' ; 'it is going to rain.' \xv 5. tštuhtuhuy kəpə \xe 'it's raining now.' \xv 6. tštuhuywaš kaštapinə \xe 'it rained yesterday.' \xv 7. muštšum ʔišup, muštuhuy \xe 'this year is bad, there is no rain.' \xv 8. heʔiswayi šałwelexš lamitʔi ʔištuhuy \xe 'this winter that passed it rained very little.' \xv 9. tsʔapʰá saʔawhay, hustuhuy \xe 'the moon has a ring around it, it is going to rain' (lit., ‘the moon is making its house, it is going to rain’). \sd meteorology \sd elements \lg JPH \rf 69.515; 91.108.1, 227.1-229.1; 94.330.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tuhuy \hm 2 \ps n \ge swan \de swan \gn cisne \dn cisne \ee Last vowel unclear in Harrington's transcription. Seems to be ͽu. \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.517.1, 619.1 \dt 20/Oct/2018 \lx -tuk- \a -tuq- \va (-tuq-) \ps vroot \ge bent, be \ge have kinks \ge kinks, have \de be bent; have kinks \cf ʔaquntukaš \ce smth knotted \cf aquntuk \ce to knot; to tie a knot \cf istukun \ce knee \cf quntštutuqš \ce to have wrinkled skin \cf tukʔutš \ce to kink \cf uštuqutš \ce to be tangled \cf watistukunpi \ce to bump one's knee against \sd vroots \sd roots \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tukał \ps v \ge ring \de to ring \mr [] \xv 1. kihuktukał sinawaskuʔum malawa \xe 'I am going to ring the bell at 8 o'clock.' \sd verbs \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.229.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tukʔem̓ \ps n \ge mountain lion \de mountain lion \et *tVkʔem̓ (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI tukʼem̓ ‘mountain lion,’ INZ tukem̓ ‘mountain lion,’ OBI tetʸe ⁓ tekšʼe ‘mountain lion’ (Klar 1977: 98) \cf ʔałʔapʔałpay \ce large cat species \cf ʔałxay̓ \ce bobcat \xv 1. no ʔan kqisə ʔišwaqšik situkʔem̓ \xe 'I saw a picture of a mountain lion.' \xv 2. loʔkatukʔem̓ ʔan tšalaškə̀tš loʔisʔəł kitsxałpiʔì loʔkaʔułʔuliʔìš \xe 'the mountain lion puts its legs under it and it pounces on its prey.' \xv 3. loʔkatukʔem̓ ʔan tsapət sipon̓ heʔmaliyàš loʔkasiwelexšmu katakʰtəʔə̀š laʔkʰan ʔišakʰtšum pakeʔètʰ ʔan tšuliʔìš heʔišnì \xe 'the mountain lion mounts a tree by the trail where animals pass, when it sees a fat one it grabs them by the neck.' \xv 4. ʔipakeʔet loʔkaʔałxay̓ kaloʔkatukʔem \xe 'the bobcat and mountain lion are of one family.' \sd animals \sd mammals \lg TJPH \rf 71.836.1-838.2; 89.44.2; 93.364.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx tukʔutš \ps v \ge kink \de to kink \mr [] \cf uštuqutš \ce to be tangled \xv 1. tštukʔutš \xe 'it kinks.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 91.229.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tum \ps v \ge oviposit \ge lay eggs \ge eggs, lay \de to lay eggs; to oviposit \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałtum \pde to oviposit.NZ; to lay eggs.NZ \cf suyatum \ce to want to lay eggs; to want to oviposit \cf tštum \ce egg \xv 1. lokapšoš ʔan tštum kašnehet lokaʔəqəy \xe 'the snake lays eggs like the hen.' \xv 2. tšitumpi lokakioqwo \xe 'they lay eggs in our hair.' \xv 3. kanawa sʰuyatum \xe 'when it wants to lay eggs.' \xv 4. taktəʔəš ʔiʔałtum \xe 'animal that lays eggs.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd birds \sd insects \sd reptiles \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.256.2; 91.231.1-232.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tup \rd tuptup \ps n \ge common three-square tule \ge three-square tule, common \ge tule, common three-square \de common three-square tule \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ top ‘reed species’ (SYBCI 2007: 566) \cf kawəyəš \ce common tule; bulrush; California bulrush \xv 1. situptup \xe 'place with common three-square tule.' \sd plants \sd basketry \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.28; 81.88.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tuptup \ps n \ge common three-square tule.REDUP \de common three-square tule.REDUP \cf tup \ce common three-square tule \sd reduplications \dt 21/Apr/2013 \lx tuq \hm 1 \ps v \ge pluck \de to pluck \xv 1. no ʔan huktuq hesəʔəqəy \xe 'I am going to pluck this chicken.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \lg JPH \rf 91.230.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tuq \hm 2 \ps n \ge grasshopper \de grasshopper \et *ti/uqu \ec Compare BOI tuqʼ ‘grasshopper,’ INZ tuq ‘grasshopper,’ OBI tiqu ‘grasshopper’ (Klar 1977: 89) \xv 1. tsitapiyuw ʔəhə situq \xe 'many grasshoppers came into our house.' \xv 2. lokatuq ʔan tštəkəkʰə heʔisʔəłʔəʔəł \xe 'the grasshopper has rough legs.' \xv 3. lakʰanwa ʔišup ʔan ʔəhəsituq \xe 'each year there are many grasshoppers.' \xv 4. lokatuq ʔan yitiyʔiškom̓ ʔisʔəł sałpakeʔet ʔišmotʔo ʔan masəx ʔisəł \xe 'the grasshopper has six legs, on one side are three legs.' \sd animals \sd insects \lg JPH \rf 89.547.4; 90.230.1, 325.3; 91.95.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tuqašmu \ps n \ge clam species \de clam species \ee Described as being large and thick shelled. \sd animals \sd shellfish \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 81.141.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx turunu \ps n \ge steer \de steer \gn toruno \dn toruno \mr [] \sd mammals \sd husbandry \sd Spanish \sd loans \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 71.727.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tuštap \ps v \ge raw, be \de to be raw \mr [] \xv 1. naštəʔəʔə iyʔałtuštap \xe 'it is still raw.' \xv 2. kinupan piyapšəkuswu heʔismaʔam šiqštopo sixwetet soʔonhokok naštəʔəʔə ʔiyʔałtuštap \xe 'and stuff them with stink-beetles, frogs, lizards - raw.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.232.2-4; Glutton47 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tutuʔu \hm 1 \ph tʊˈtʊʔʊ \ps n \ge ear.REDUP \de ear.REDUP \cf tu1 \ce ear \sd reduplications \dt 31/Jul/2018 \lx tutuʔu \hm 2 \cf tuʔutʔu \ce to be one-eyed.REDUP \sd variations \dt 17/Jan/2018 \lx tutʔu \cf tʔutʔu \ce to be one-eyed \sd variations \dt 03/Sep/2011 \lx tuuqštahay \ps v \ge red, be slightly \de to be slightly red \mr [] \cf uqštahay \ce to be red \xv 1. tštuuqštahay (Ϟor ʔaltuuqštahay) \xe 'it is not very red.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd colors \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.233.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tuwiməł \ps n \ge sea turtle \de sea turtle \gn galápago del mar \dn galápago del mar \et ɕ \ec Compare CRZ wiməl ‘sea turtle’ (Harrington 1983: 3.71.291.1) \ee Also listed as ͽwiməł. \xv 1. loʔkasʔamə̀ loʔkatuwiməł ʔan tšuqʰštahày \xe 'the flesh of the sea turtle is red.' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd reptiles \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.291.1-292.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tʔaya \ps n \ge abalone (black abalone) \de abalone (black abalone) \et ɕ \ec Compare CRZ tʼaya ‘red abalone’ (Klar 1977: 70) \cf qašə \ce abalone (red abalone; blue abalone) \xv 1. tštuwàaš ʔi tʔaya \xe 'abalone shell.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \sd shellfish \lg JPH \rf 91.235.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tʔetek \ps v \ge broad/flat, be \de to be broad/flat \cf nuxš \ce nose \xv 1. tštʔetek ʔišnuxš \xe 'he has a flat nose.' \xv 2. tštʔetek ʔišyəwəš \xe 'its head is broad.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 91.235.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -tʔey- \ps v \ge related to touching \de related to touching \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ -tʼey- ‘crushing’ (SYBCI 2007: 366) \cf ʔałʔalušteš \ce smn who cures people by rubbing them \cf ʔuštʔeyeʔeš \ce antenna \cf ʔuštʔeymu \ce obligation; trade \cf aluštʔey \ce to be busy \cf apuštʔey \ce to touch quickly and pull back quickly \cf ustʔey \ce to rest one’s hand on; to be occupied with \cf uštʔey \ce to touch \sd vroots \sd roots \sd body \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tʔo \ps n \ge mussel \de mussel \ee These species are distinct from the smaller mussels called ͽkiw. \xv 1. tšuqštahay ʔisʔamə lokatʔo \xe 'the mussle has red flesh.' \xv 2. loʔisiʔaqsikmu katʔo (Ϟor sitʔo) \xe 'where the mussels are fastened on.' \sd nature \sd animals \sd shellfish \rf JPH \rf 69.30, 89.60.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tʔoloq \a tolòq \a tolók \va (tolok, toloq) \ps v \ge hungry, be \de to be hungry \gn hambre, tener \dn tener hambre \xv 1. neʔektʔoloq, axakšit lopalʔuw ! \xe 'I am hungry, give me what you have to eat!' \xv 2. xwan ʔan tštʔoloq \xe 'Juan is hungry.' \xv 3. kaxyikus saʔałtʔoloq \xe 'I have something for his hunger.' \xv 4. kay lokaxʔanwa ʔan tštʔoloq \xe 'that woman is hungry.' \xv 5. kʔałtʔoloq (Ϟor ktʔoloq) \xe 'I am hungry.' \xv 6. lokaʔałtʔoloq \xe 'that which is hungry.' \xv 7. paxyikus lokaʔałtʔoloq \xe 'thou shalt give food to the hungry.' \xv 8. muštšum ʔi šup, muštuhuy, ki samtʔolóqʰ \xe 'the year is bad, no rain, the people are all hungry.' \xv 9. tsʔip ʔalaxuwəł, “ʔikšit hałpawə́y hałʔantipšnekéy̓, ktolók !” \xe 'Coyote said, “give me one of the lizards you are roasting, I am hungry!” ' \sd common \sd body \sd health \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 89.352.4; 91.236.2-237.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tʔutʔu \rd tuʔutʔu \a tutʔu \va (tutuʔu, tutʔu) \ps v \ge one-eyed, be \de to be one-eyed \cf ʔałtʔutʔu \ce one-eyed person \xv 1. no ʔan ktʔutʔu (Ϟor no ʔan kʔałtutʔu) \xe 'I am one-eyed.' \xv 2. ʔałtʔutʔu \xe 'one-eyed person' ; 'it is a one-eyed person.' \xv 3. kikə ʔan kiyʔałtutʔu \xe 'we are one-eyed.' \xv 4. neʔesyət lokaʔałtʔutʔu \xe 'there comes the one-eyed person.' \sd people \sd stative \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.256.3; 91.238.1-239.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ts- \a tsʰ- \a sʰ- \a šʰ- \a s- \a š- \a tš- \va (s-, š-1, tš-) \ps pre \ge 3 \ge third person prefix \de third person prefix \ee This prefix denotes possession when on a noun, and it denotes subject when on a verb. Glossed as 3. \xv 1. lokasqoqoʔo \xe 'his dogs.' \sd pronouns \sd prefixes \rf 90.413.2-415.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tsaha \sc Distichlis spicata \ps n \ge salt grass \ge grass, salt \de salt grass \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (77). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.68.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx tsakaya \ps v \ge plaque, have \de to have plaque \ee Harrington's translation here is vague; this verb seems to refer to having plaque as other deposits on the teeth are generally not acidic and also do not come from just having eaten. \xv 1. ktsakaya \xe 'I have acid stuff in my teeth' (after eating certain kinds of food). \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.242.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tsaqskʔuwwaxa \ps n \ge maggot \de maggot \ee Literally, ‘it eats and shits.’ \mr [] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \cf waxa \ce shit; excrement; feces \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.44 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsaqsuyuk \ps n \ge northwest wind \ge wind, northwest \de northwest wind \ee Described as a gently blowing wind. \sd meteorology \sd elements \lg JPH \rf 79.2.1-2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx tsaya \rd tsaytsayaʔa \ps n \ge leaching basket \ge basket, leaching \ge large gathering basket \ge gathering basket, large \ge basket, large gathering \de large gathering basket; leaching basket \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1983: 161 162) and Timbrook (2007: 99 101) \cf ʔoxoy \ce small gathering basket \xv 1. hesiktsaya \xe 'my tsaya.' \xv 2. lokastsaya \xe 'his tsaya.' \xv 3. sinayusixip lokatsaya \xe 'when he finishes the tsaya.' \xv 4. knunaʔał soʔoxoy kił tsaya ʔan mə \xe 'I took the small gathering basket (ͽʔoxoy) but the large gathering basket (ͽtsaya) I left behind.' \sd culture \sd food \sd basketry \lg JPH \rf 91.242.1-242.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsaytsayaʔa \ps n \ge large gathering basket.REDUP \ge gathering basket, large.REDUP \ge basket, large gathering.REDUP \ge leaching basket.REDUP \ge basket, leaching.REDUP \de large gathering basket.REDUP; leaching basket.REDUP \cf tsaya \ce large gathering basket; leaching basket \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tsəkənən \cf tsʔekʰənən \ce pine \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsən \ps n \ge red-tailed hawk \ge hawk, red-tailed \ge chickenhawk \de red-tailed hawk; chickenhawk \ee Matilija dialect may have used the word watimaymay to refer to this bird. \cf kwitš \ce hawk species; ?duck hawk; ?Peregrine falcon \xv 1. lokatsən ʔan tštuʔuqʰštahay ʔi štelèqʰ \xe 'the red-tailed hawk has a reddish tail.' \xv 2. tšuqʰštahay ʔi šteleq \xe 'it has a red tail.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.454.2-497.1, 610.1-611.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsəyətsəy \ps n \ge great horned owl \ge owl, great horned \de great horned owl \ee Described as the size of a large hen and having spongy feathers. It hunts rats and mice at night. \sy muhu \xv 1. tšwaqʰšikitš kašnehet lokasʔeł ka ʔisiwaməs \xe 'it is painted like necklace and headband.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.604.1-608.1; 81.215.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsiłkitwo \ps n \ge spring (of water) \de spring (of water) \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.245.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsipə \cf tsʰipʰə \ce tube-shaped bead \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsiptsipʰə \ps n \ge tube-shaped bead.REDUP \de tube-shaped bead.REDUP \cf tsʰipʰə \ce tube-shaped bead \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsipʰə \cf tsʰipʰə \ce tube-shaped bead \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsiqʔawiqʔaw \ps n \ge lump \ge gland \de gland; lump \ee No non reduplicated form given. \xv 1. no ʔan kʰin pakeʔet ʔisiqʔawiqʔaw \xe 'I took one lump.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 91.244.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tsiwin \ps n \ge down crown \ge crown, down \de down crown \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1985: 185 186). \xv 1. lokaktsiwin \xe 'my band.' \sd people \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.245.4 \dt 20/Oct/2018 \lx tsiyełʔiku \a tsiyeliku \va (tsiyeliku) \ps n \ge bead(s) \de bead(s) \ee Harrington notes that this word does not refer to soapstone beads. \mr [] \cf ʔeł \ce necklace \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \xv 1. pakeʔet sitsiyełʔiku \xe 'one bead.' \xv 2. hesikʰin tsiyełʔiku \xe 'my bead.' \xv 3. tswatixeni simaxatʔaməš kikasyət kišušpakš sitsiyelíku \xe 'the fiesta ended and somebody came and collected the beads.' \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.243.2-244.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tskinamay \ps n \ge spleen \de spleen \gn bazo \dn bazo \xv 1. hesikʰintskinamay \xe 'my spleen.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 91.247.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx tskonin \ps n \ge worm \ge angleworm \de worm; angleworm \mr [] \ee This form is inherently possessed. \cf ʔałhintskonin \ce smn who has a tapeworm \xv 1. lokaskonin ʔan tsipatpi sipon̓ \xe 'the worms made their nest in the wood.' \xv 2. lokašnalutš kaskonin \xe 'the track or trail the worm left when he went.' \xv 3. hesipon̓ ʔan tsʰin tskonin \xe 'this tree is wormy.' \xv 4. lokaʔaxunpes ʔan tsʰuwakʔayuw lokaštum hesoʔo kasiyeqwełtšəši ʔiskontskoniʔin \xe 'the mosquitoes lay their eggs on the surface of the water and the eggs turn into worms.' \sd animals \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.247.4-249.2 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx tskow \cf tskow̓ \ce corncob (with no seeds) \sd variations \dt 04/Sep/2011 \lx tskow̓ \a tskow \va (tskow) \ps n \ge corncob (with no seeds) \de corncob (with no seeds) \cf lotis \ce green ear of corn \cf mays \ce corn \sd food \sd plants \sd agriculture \lg JPH \rf 91.249.4-250.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx tskumu \a tskumù \a tskumù \ps num \ge four \de four \et *Skumu ~ Skumʔu \ec Compare BOI skumʼu ‘four,’ CRZ skumo ‘four,’ INZ skumu ‘four,’ OBI skomʼo ‘eight,’ PUY skumu ‘four’ (Klar 1977: 121) \cf axitskumu \ce to repeat four times \cf kaʔaškom̓ \ce ten \cf kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \ce fourteen \cf masəx tskumu \ce twelve \cf suxułtitskumu \ce to put around four times; to make four folds; to fold into four layers \xv 1. hesaʔałtskumu ʔan tšišuyaqša \xe 'these four are sick.' \xv 2. tskumu saʔawhay̓ kikasʰununa simusʔił hałtšquntštutukš \xe 'at the end of four months she was already beginning to have no more wrinkles on her face.' \xv 3. tskumu ʔi sqiłmes \xe 'there are four islands.' \xv 4. tsamsinayus tskúmu sipon̓ loʔistəq siya kuhusiwəł šitšwiw \xe 'they have put four feathers on the end of the arrow, that it may kill birds.' \sd numbers \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.138.4, 250.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tskumuya \ps n \ge five cents \de five cents \sd numbers \sd economics \lg JPH \rf 91.250.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx tskʔune \ps n \ge spinal nerve \de spinal nerve \mr [] \xv 1. hesikʰin skʔune \xe 'my big spinal nerve.' \sd anatomy \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.251.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tslow̓ \a tslów \a slow \ps n \ge (golden) eagle \ge eagle, (golden) \de (golden) eagle \ee See also The birds tslow (eagle), huyawət (condor), and ʔonhoq (buzzard) are said to quit the foulness of the world. \xv 1. ʔałtšum ʔisʔap lokaslow̓ \xe 'money is the Eagle house, he lives in the money.' \xv 2. kaswalaʔapʰ loʔkašaʔay sʰlow̓ \xe 'the daughter of the eagle went ashore.' \xv 3. kašaqšikuyo tslów \xe 'Eagle ordered it.' \xv 4. pʰpošotš hú hałʔaleqenpi loʔkašʰaʔay tslow̓ ? \xe 'do you know the fate of the Eagle’s daughter?' \xv 5. pakeʔet ʔi sqiłmes ʔan tsapikitʰwo loʔkaʔšaʔay tslow̓ \xe 'on an island the daughter of the eagle went to fish.' \xv 6. loʔkaʔatʔis sikuy loʔkaqowòtš ʔan ʔišʔalaʔtəšwə̀ sałʔeqenpi loʔkašaʔay slów̓ \xe 'the owner of the cooked salmon had in his mind something that tells him what became of the Eagle Daughter.' \xv 7. lokaslow̓ ʔan tšixšililì \xe 'the eagle screeches.' \xv 8. tslow̓ ʔi ʔałqapatš \xe 'king of the birds.' \xv 9. tskum loʔkaʔtslow̓ \xe 'the eagle arrives.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd birds \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.581.1-584.2, 89.271.2; Daughter1, 35; Travels52, 93, 108 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tsołtsoʔoł \ps n \ge bark (as of a tree).REDUP \de bark (as of a tree).REDUP \cf tsʰoł \ce bark (as of a tree) \sd reduplications \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx tspa \ps num \ge nine \de nine \et \ec Compare BOI spaʼ ‘nine’ (Whistler 1980: 27) \sd numbers \lg TJPH \rf Beeler 1964: 14; Tumamait-Leyva: 195- \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tspanayəʔəw \ps n \ge beach \ge coast \ge edge \ge outskirts \de beach; coast; edge; outskirts \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf panayəwə \ce to be on the outskirts of; to be on the edge \xv 1. tswatʔilikʔe heʔispanayəʔəw simuwu \xe 'they rest for a while on the beach.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa heʔispanayəʔəw ʔan lašiyušʔexš lokatšotšonəʔəš \xe 'all the beach was spread with dead fish.' \xv 3. tsiyalinowo heʔispanayəʔəw šuʔušpayəš \xe 'the people stand on the edge of the pit.' \xv 4. hešitaštaʔaš ʔan heʔispanayəʔəw simuwu kasʔił \xe 'this herb grows on the sea-coast.' \sd geography \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.256.2, 4-257.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tspat \ps n \ge nest \de nest \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI pat ‘nest, INZ pat ‘nest (of bird); web (of spide),’ OBI pitɨ ‘nest’ (Whistler 1980: 22; SYBCI 2007: 267; Klar 19__a: 42) \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \xv 1. tsʔił ʔisipat ʔan šolop \xe 'they build mud nests.' \xv 2. tsiyeqweł ʔisipat hemišup \xe 'they make their nests on the ground.' \xv 3. heʔispat masəx si tšwiw saliyotoyi \xe 'in this nest there are three birds.' \xv 4. lokałtskumu kasila masəx ʔan pakeʔet ʔisipat \xe 'there are only three or four in a nest.' \xv 5. tspat ʔi šolòp \xe 'mud nest.' \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.260.4-261.1, 3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tspeʔey \rd speyspeʔey \rd tspehtspeʔey \a speʔey \va (speʔey) \ps n \ge flower \de flower \gn flor \dn flor \ee This form is inherently possessed. \et *pey̓ \ec Compare BOI spey̓ ‘flower,’ INZ pey̓ ‘flower,’ OBI (č)peʼ ‘flower,’ PUY spe ‘flower’ (Klar 1977: 86) \mr [] \xv 1. tsʰin lokašnuy kaspeʔey \xe 'it takes pollen of the flower.' \xv 2. tsiyaliwaya lokaspeʔey (Ϟor lokaspeyspeʔey) \xe 'the flowers are hanging down on the plant.' \xv 3. tšnaqnitšum ʔišʔuxšaʔaš heʔispeʔey \xe 'this flower smells sweet.' \xv 4. neʔeskuʔum ʔispeyiniʔiy \xe 'the time of flowering arrived a second time.' \xv 5. tspeyiniʔiy \xe 'it is already the flower season.' \xv 6. tsaqputs lokaspeyspeʔey \xe 'it sucks the flowers.' \xv 7. hukihiʔin ʔispeʔey \xe 'let's go gathering flowers.' \xv 8. heʔispeʔey ʔan latšə ʔisqisqisə hešiʔišaw tskuykuyanus hešiʔišaw (Ϟor lokaʔišaw) \xe 'this flower (sunflower) is all the time looking at the sun, it keeps turning its head as it looking over its shoulder looking at the sun.' \xv 9. tspeʔeyiwaš \xe 'old withered flower.' \xv 10. tspeʔey ʔiqas (Ϟor tspeʔey hesimuwu) \xe 'sand dollar' (lit., 'sand flower' or 'ocean flower'). \xv 11. speʔey hesoʔo simuwu \xe 'flowers of the water of the sea' (refers to phosphorescence of the sea). \sd plants \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.53.1; 90.53.4; 91.261.2-263.1, 313.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tspehtspeʔey \ps n \ge flower.REDUP \de flower.REDUP \cf tspeʔey \ce flower \sd reduplications \dt 04/Sep/2011 \lx tspək \ps n \ge deer tibia \ge tibia, deer \de deer tibia \ee This was used to make bone whistles. This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf pək \ce shin; front of the leg from knee to ankle \sd anatomy \sd animals \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.95 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tspəł \ps n \ge pitch \ge sap \ge turpentine \ge resin \de pitch; sap; turpentine; resin \gn trementina \dn trementina \ee This refers to the turpentines that come from pine trees and some other types of wood. This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \xv 1. kanawa šitšoho ʔi ʔisisinay loʔkaswaskə kaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš katomoł , nayisʔił ʔisiyʔaxipe sipon̓ yəlaʔa nayisiyalaqwaʔay kikasamsapitsʔə siyop samsalaqwaʔay šiyuštipey ʔispəł sitsʔekʰənən \xe 'when they finish placing the keel of the tomol in the forks, already the boards are worked smooth, they heat tar and and [when] it is well readied and they mix it with pine pitch.' \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.264.4-265.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tspəy \a spəy \va (spəy) \ps n \ge ice \ge icicle \de ice; icicle \gn hielo \dn hielo \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf pəy \ce to be frozen; to freeze \xv 1. ikšit haštšlewutš hałtspəy \xe 'give me a piece of ice!' \xv 2. tsalawaya hekaspəy \xe 'this icicle is hanging.' \sd water \sd meteorology \sd elements \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.356.2, 4; 91.263.2-264.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tspokoy \ps n \ge ?northern saw-whet owl \ge ?owl, northern saw-whet \ge ?saw-whet owl, northern \de ?northern saw-whet owl \ee This owl species is described as living in squirrel holes. However, there is already a word for the burrowing owl: kʔokok. When encountering a person, the tspokoy is said to bow and cry “poko.” This description of docility is consistent with the behavior of the northern saw whet owl. Saw whet owls are not known to roost underground, however. \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tspu \rd tspuspuʔu \ps n \ge branch \ge twig \de branch; twig \mr [] \ee This form is inherently possessed. \cf pu \ce hand/arm; useful hand \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.265.4-266.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tspuspuʔu \a spuspuʔu \ps n \ge branch.REDUP \de twig.REDUP \cf tspu \ce branch; twig \sd reduplications \dt 22/May/2012 \lx tsqap \ps n \ge feather \ge leaf \de feather; leaf \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf tsqapuni \ce spring-time \xv 1. tsqap heʔišteleq \xe 'tail feather.' \xv 2. sikʰqap \xe 'my feather' (said by bird). \xv 3. tsqap heʔisqawawa \xe 'wingfeather.' \xv 4. tštaqapqap \xe 'leaf' (of plant). \xv 5. hukseqe ʔisqap \xe 'I am going to pull a feather out.' \sd plants \sd animals \sd anatomy \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.93.4-94.4; 91.251.4-252.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsqapuni \ph tsqɑˈpʊnɪ \ps n \ge spring-time \de spring-time \mr [] \cf tsway̓i \ce rainy season; winter \xv 1. kəpə ʔan tsqapuni \xe 'now it is springtime.' \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.93.4; 91.253.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsqoyiʔis \a sqoyis \a skoyiis \a tsqoyiyìs \va (skoyiis, sqoyis tsqoyiyis) \ps n \ge seaweed \ge kelp \de seaweed; kelp \xv 1. suntsunapay ʔisqoyiʔis \xe 'the sea is casting up kelp continuously.' \xv 2. ka skumli loʔkaʔshin skoyiis [tsqoyiʔis] \xe 'and she arrived at the place of kelp.' \sd ocean \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 91.254.1-4; Daughter1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tsqoyiyis \cf tsqoyiʔis \ce seaweed; kelp \sd variations \dt 04/Sep/2011 \lx tsquntaw \ps n \ge lightning \de lightning \gn relámpago \dn relámpago \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \et ɕ \ec Compare PUY squnt̓aw̥ ‘lightning’ (Harrington 1986: 3.6.29.2) \cf quntʔaw \ce to lighten \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 91.255.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsqʰoqʰo \ps n \ge bunch of grapes \de bunch of grapes \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \xv 1. tsqʰoqʰo ʔinunit \xe 'a bunch of wild grapes.' \xv 2. lokasqʰoqʰo \xe 'the bunch of grapes.' \xv 3. kaqunpakeʔet lokasqʰoqʰo kanunit \xe 'take a bunch of wild grapes.' \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.242.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tstawayək \a stawayək \a štawayək \va (stawayək, štawayək) \ps n \ge plain (geography) \ge valley \de plain (geography); valley \gn llano \gn valle \dn llano; valle \sd geography \lg JPH \rf 91.268.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tstep \ps n \ge flea \de flea \mr [] \et *-tep (PCC) \ec Compare BOI step ‘flea,’ INZ step ‘flea’ (Klar 1977: 86) \ee This form is inherently possessed. \xv 1. ʔəhə sikʰintštep hesikʔamamə \xe 'I have many fleas on my body.' \xv 2. kaqšikə hesikqoloq, tšʔuwit ʔistep \xe 'I tickle at my side, a flea is biting me.' \xv 3. tšteputš hekaxayanəš, tsiyʔuwit wašułkuwiwaš \xe 'the bed was flea-y; they bit me tonight.' \xv 4. lakekš lokakšatiwə kałʔiyʔuw, yəlaʔa heʔisʔamamə lokašiyʔuwutš kaštep ʔan tšapuqštahay \xe 'they only bite my wife, all her body where the fleas bite her is a little colored.' \xv 5. hesištəʔəniwaš kasʰinstep hesaliyuwit \xe 'this dog gave me his fleas, [which] eat me (lit., ‘this [is] a dog who has fleas here they are the ones biting me’).' \sd animals \lg TJPH \rf 89.78.1, 339.4; 91.127.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tstoyhoʔos \sc Rhus integrifolia; Rhus ovata \ps n \ge lemonadeberry \ge sugar bush \ge bush, sugar \de lemonadeberry; sugar bush \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (165 166). \cf walqaqš \ce laurel sumac \sd plants \sd nature \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.71.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx tstutʔu \ps n \ge killdeer \de killdeer \ee Described as having a dark band around the neck. \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.620.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx tsukupin̓ \ps n \ge glowworm \de glowworm \ee This means literally ‘it gives a steady light all the time’ \mr [] \xv 1. loʔkatsukupin̓ \xe 'glowworm.' \sd animals \sd insects \lg JPH \rf 70.32.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsupey̓ \a tsupeiʔ \ps n \ge band of buckskin or cloth going twice around the head 2in. (5.1cm) broad with beads sewn on \de band of buckskin or cloth going twice around the head 2 inches broad with beads sewn on \mr [] \cf supey̓ \ce I. supey̓ (a certain hair style); hairnet II. to make a supey̓ (certain hair style) \sd tools \sd culture \sd body \lg JPH \rf 69.39.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tsuqele \ps n \ge flag \de flag \gn bandera \dn bandera \xv 1. tsaqtapwaya sitsuqele \xe 'the flag is blowing or streaming in the wind.' \xv 2. kmaxsapəti lokatsuqele \xe 'I am pulling the flag up.' \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 91.268.2, 4-269.1, 2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsux \rd tsuxtsuʔux \ps n \ge headdress \de headdress \cf tšuxitš \ce to wear a headdress \xv 1. hesiktsux \xe 'my headdress.' \sd body \sd clothes \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 91.269.2 \dt 26/Jun/2018 \lx tsuxtsuʔux \ps n \ge headdress.REDUP \de headdress.REDUP \cf tsux \ce headdress \sd reduplications \dt 04/Sep/2011 \lx tswayi \cf tsway̓i \ce rainy season; winter \sd variations \dt 15/Nov/2011 \lx tsway̓i \a swayi \a sway̓i \a tswayi \va (swayi, sway̓i, tsway̓i) \ps n \ge rainy season \ge winter \de rainy season; winter \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf tsqapuni \ce spring-time \cf tšišawi \ce summer \cf wayinaʔaš \ce smth used in winter \xv 1. kəpə ʔan ʔałwayi \xe 'now it is winter.' \xv 2. lakʰan sinawa swayi (Ϟor kanawa swayi) \xe 'in the winter.' \xv 3. wayi sinayustap ʔiswayi \xe 'when winter comes.' \xv 4. neʔeštapi ʔiswayi \xe 'winter has already come.' \xv 5. neʔešwelexš ʔiswayi \xe 'winter has already passed.' \xv 6. neʔešnaʔał situhuy \xe 'winter is over' (refers to the rainy season). \xv 7. ʔiswayi hesixus ʔan mup ʔisʔap \xe 'in winter the bear lives in a cave.' \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 69.40.2; 90.95.2; 91.270.1, 562.1-563.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tswey \hm 1 \a swey \va (swey) \ps n \ge mouth of river \de mouth of river \mr [] \cf wey \ce I. notch; buttcrack; groove II. to break through (as is said of a river); to be fluted; to be notched; to wane (said of the moon) \xv 1. loʔiswey suʔutʔam (Ϟor lokaswey kaʔutʔam) \xe 'the mouth of the river.' \sd geography \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.270.4-91.272.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tswey \hm 2 \ps n \ge tarweed \de tarweed \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (90 91). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.84.2 \dt 20/Oct/2018 \lx tsxələxəł \ps n \ge rattlesnake rattle \de rattlesnake rattle \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf xələxəł \ce rattle \sd animals \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.266.2, 4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsxʔomoho \ps n \ge dell \ge hollow (in the ground) \de dell; hollow (in the ground) \gn jolla \dn jolla \mr [] \ee This form is inherently possessed. \cf xʔomoho \ce to have a hollow; to have a pothole \xv 1. kʰqisə ʔisxomoho lokakʰqiliwił \xe 'I see a hollow in the ground.' \xv 2. lokaʔo ʔan tseqeqweł ʔisxʔomoho, tsnunałwuʔu siqas kasixəpxəʔəp, tsaputiseqe siqas \xe 'the water makes a hollow or hole, it carries away the sand and rocks, it removes the sand.' \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.267.2-91.268.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsyepu \ph ˈtsʰjɛpʊ \ps n \ge prickly pear \de prickly pear \gn tuna \gn nopal de tunas \dn tuna; nopal de tunas \ee Harrington’s consultant seems to have been somewhat unclear about the translation of this word. \cf xəʔəł \ce prickly pear (fruit) \xv 1. tsʰin ʔisyepu \xe 'it takes cactus leaves.' \sd plants \sd food \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.69.2; 91.246.1, 3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsyuqstiyəʔəw \ps n \ge firebrand \de firebrand \gn tizón \dn tizón \xv 1. tštakuy ʔišuqstiyəʔəw \xe 'he has a firebrand.' \sd tools \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 91.246.4-247.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsʰa \a sʰa \va (sʰa) \rd tsʰasʰaʔa \ps n \ge fishhook \ge arrow point \de fishhook; arrow point \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI sʰa ‘tooth; fishhook; arrow point; arrowhead,’ CRZ sʰa ‘flint arrowhead,’ INZ sʰa ‘fishhook’ (Whistler 1980: 29; Beeler & Klar 1977: 91; SYBCI 2007: 298) \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \sy šaxšilaʔaš \cf sa \ce tooth/teeth \xv 1. heʔisʰa \xe 'this arrow tip.' \xv 2. hesikʰin tsʰa \xe 'my flint arrow point.' \xv 3. kakʰintsʰa \xe 'my hooks' ; 'the hook of my fishline.' \xv 4. lokasʰa kaya \xe 'the arrow point.' \xv 5. hupsinayus ʔisʔisuʔuw lokapʰintsʰa \xe 'you are going to bait your hook.' \xv 6. hesikʰintsʰa ʔan tsʔił ʔišʰapuškeyeʔeš \xe 'my hook has bait.' \xv 7. huksinayus ʔi sʰa \xe 'I am going to put a flint point on my arrow.' \sd food \sd ocean \sd animals \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.294.1-295.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsʰaptsʰaʔap \ps n \ge horn.REDUP \ge pair of horns.REDUP \de horn.REDUP; pair of horns.REDUP \cf hap \ce horn; pair of horns \sd reduplications \dt 27/Apr/2011 \lx tsʰapʰaʔap \ps n \ge horn.REDUP \ge pair of horns.REDUP \de horn.REDUP; pair of horns.REDUP \cf hap \ce horn; pair of horns \sd reduplications \dt 16/Jan/2012 \lx tsʰasʰaʔa \ph tsʰɑˈsʰɑʔɑ \ps n \ge fishhook.REDUP \ge arrowpoints.REDUP \de fishhook.REDUP; arrowpoints.REDUP \cf tsʰa \ce fishhook; arrow point \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tsʰipʰə \rd tsiptsipʰə \a tsipə \a tsipʰə \va (tsipə, tsipʰə) \ps n \ge tube-shaped bead \ge bead, tube-shaped \de tube-shaped bead \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ čipʰɨʼ ⁓ čʰipɨʼ ‘long and tapered bead type’ (SYBCI 2007: 475) \ee Described as being long, white, and roughly as thick as a pencil. \xv 1. hesiktsʰipʰə \xe 'my long bead.' \sd culture \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 81.274.1; 91.245.3, 295.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tsʰiwey \ps n \ge mountain pass \ge pass, mountain \de mountain pass \gn portezuelo \dn portezuelo \mr [] \xv 1. huknaʔał loʔisʰiwey ʔišup \xe 'I am going to the mountain pass.' \sd geography \lg JPH \rf 91.296.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tsʰoł \rd tsołtsoʔoł \ps n \ge bark (as of a tree) \de bark (as of a tree) \ee 1. Specifically, it seems, this noun refers to the bark of the live oak used often for hide curing. \et ɕ \ec Compare CRZ ‘sʰol,’ ‘bark,’ INZ sʰol ‘bark; husk’ (Beeler & Klar 1977: 73; SYBCI 2007: 474) \sd plants \sd nature \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 91.296.4-297.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tsʰow \a sʰow \a šʰow \a sʰów \rd tsʰowtsʰow \va (šʰow) \ps n \ge hill \de hill \gn loma \dn loma \ee This word represents a smaller hill than ͽšup2. This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf how \ce to have (a) (sebaceous) cyst(s) \cf ipʰoʔo \ce to be in a mound \cf šup2 \ce large hill; earth; dirt; smth below \xv 1. loʔisʰow \xe 'the hill.' \xv 2. ʔəhə ʔi tsʰowtsʰów \xe 'there are many hills.' \xv 3. lo ʔi tsʰowtsʰow \xe 'those hills.' \sd geography \lg JPH \rf 91.297.3-4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsʰowtsʰow \a sʰowsoʔow \va (sʰowsoʔow) \ps n \ge hill.REDUP \de hill.REDUP \cf tsʰow \ce hill \sd reduplications \dt 04/Sep/2011 \lx tsʔaqutałtə \a saqutałtə \va (saqutałtə) \ps n \ge neck of a flint blade \ge fly trap \de neck of a flint blade; fly trap \ee This neck was said to be about 3in (7.6cm) long; the overall blade, including the handle, was about 10in (25.4cm) long, and the blade was lashed between two ends of a split stick. With regard to trapping flies, it is uncertain if the use of this word comes from the resemblance of the flint blade to a fly swatter. \mr [] \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \cf aqutałtə \ce to be glottalized (as is said of certain features of Ventureño) \xv 1. tsʔił ʔisʔaqutałtə \xe 'the trap for flies.' \xv 2. hešuʔuʔliš ʔan tsʔił ʔisaqutałtə \xe 'this handle is for trapping flies.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.235.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsʔatsʔəs \ps n \ge fibers of amole \de fibers of amole \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.278.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsʔaxalamu \ps n \ge marrow \de marrow \gn tuétano \dn tuétano \ee This form is inherently possessed. \xv 1. hekakʰintsʔaxalmu \xe 'my marrow.' \xv 2. tsixononit lokakʰintsʔaxalamu \xe 'it took my marrow.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.276.4-277.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx tsʔaxpilił \ps n \ge sinew (of an animal) \ge bowstring \de sinew (of an animal); bowstring \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf ʔaxpilił \ce nerve(s); sinew; root; (bow)string \xv 1. tsʔaxpilił ʔismətʔi wə \xe 'back sinew of deer.' \xv 2. hukseqenus heʔisʰin tsʔaxpilił lokakʔax \xe 'I am going to unstring my bow.' \xv 3. huksuquntiqnowowo heʔisʰintsʔaxpilił hekaktaliw \xe 'I am going to shorten my bowstring.' \sd anatomy \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.277.2-278.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsʔaxsmi \ee This plant was described as a common, yellow, dandelion like flower about a foot high. It likely describes several distinct species of plant, however. See also Timbrook 2007 (58). \cf qayəš \ce thistle; hairy cat’s ear; common sow-thistle \hm 1 \se I \ps n \sc Taraxacum officinale \ge dandelion \de dandelion \se II \ps n \sc Cirsium spp. \ge thistle \de thistle \gn cardo \dn cardo \se III \ps n \sc Sonchus oleraceus \ge common sow-thistle \ge sow-thistle, common \de common sow-thistle \sd plants \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.39.2; 81.82.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔaxsmi \hm 2 \ps n \ge matter (pus) \de matter (pus) \ee This form is inherently possessed. \xv 1. kay hesikʰintsʔaxsmi kalitsʔuqtsʔuqit \xe 'it is the matter that causes me pain here.' \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.278.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔekʰənən \a tsəkənən \va (tsəkənən) \ps n \ge pine \de pine \ee See also Timbrook (2007: 141 142), where this word is listed as ͽtsək(ʰ)ənən. This may refer to any pine species other than the pinyon pine. \xv 1. kanawa šitšoho ʔi ʔisisinay loʔkaswaskə kaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš katomoł , nayisʔił ʔisiyʔaxipe sipon̓ yəlaʔa nayisiyalaqwaʔay kikasamsapitsʔə siyop samsalaqwaʔay šiyuštipey ʔispəł sitsʔekʰənən \xe 'when they finish placing the keel of the tomol in the forks, already the boards are worked smooth, they heat tar and and [when] it is well readied they mix it with pine pitch.' \sd plants \sd trees \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 72.6.1; Tomol230-235/91.54.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔequts \ps n \ge smth removed from the body \de smth removed from the body \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \xv 1. tštapi sipon̓ hesikʰkamiseta \xe 'I have a sliver under my shirt.' \xv 2. neʔekustəł hekastsʔequts kapon̓ \xe 'I already have found the sliver.' \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.279.2-3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tsʔew \ps v \ge belch (air from the stomach) \de to belch (air from the stomach) \gn eructar \dn eructar \xv 1. no ʔan ktsʔew \xe 'I belch up wind with a belching sound.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH \rf 81.119.2; 91.279.4-280.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔə \ps v \ge spicy, be \ge hot (as is said of food), be \ge burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \de to be spicy; to be hot (as is said of food); to burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \cf ʔałtsʔətsʔə \ce smth with a long point; smth sharp \cf ʔaqitšʔətšʔənəš \ce smth with a point \cf apitsʔə \ce to be (very) hot \cf aqitsʔətsʔə \ce to sharpen a point on \cf sapitsʔə \ce to heat smth \cf sutsʔəʔəʔə \ce to burn (sting) more than \cf tsʔətsʔə \ce to be sharp \cf yuqtsʔətsʔə \ce to run to a fine point \xv 1. tstsʔə \xe 'it is a spicy thing.' \xv 2. tstsʔə hesitšili \xe 'this chile is spicy.' \xv 3. tstsʔə̀ \xe 'it burns' (said when you touch a hot iron to my skin). \sd food \sd verbs \sd stative \sd senses \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 91.280.2-4 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx tsʔəmə \ph ˈts̕ǝmǝ \se I \ps n \ge rain cloud \ge cloud \de cloud; rain cloud \xv 1. hesitsʔəmə \xe 'this cloud.' \xv 2. hesitsʔəmə ʔan tšʰošoy \xe 'this cloud is dark.' \se II \ps v \ge cloudy, be \ge rain-cloudy, be \de to be cloudy; to be cloudy with rain clouds \xv 1. tstsʔəmə \xe 'it is cloudy.' \xv 2. tstsʔəmə, hustuhuy \xe 'it is rain-cloudy, it is going to rain.' \sd meteorology \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 91.282.1; 94.330.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔəqʔqʰəy \rd tsʔəqʔtsʔəqʔqʰəy \ps n \ge snake species \de snake species \ee Translated as ‘watersnake’ \sd reptiles \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.229.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔəqʔtsʔəqʔqʰəy \ps n \ge snake species.REDUP \de snake species.REDUP \cf tsʔəqʔqʰəy \ce snake species \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔətsʔə \a tsʔətsʔə̀ \ps v \ge sharp, be \de to be sharp \an məł \an nop \cf ʔałtsʔətsʔə \ce smth with a long point; smth sharp \cf ʔaqitšʔətšʔənəš \ce smth with a point \cf aqitsʔətsʔə \ce to sharpen a point on \cf sətsʔətsʔə \ce to sharpen \cf tsʔə \ce to be spicy; to be hot (as is said of food); to burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \cf yuqtsʔətsʔə \ce to run to a fine point \xv 1. mutsʔətsʔə \xe 'it is dull' (lit., 'it is not sharp'). \xv 2. hesikʔátša ʔan tstsʔətsʔə \xe 'my axe is sharp.' \sd hunting \sd common \sd descriptions \sd senses \sd stative \sd food \lg JPH \rf 91.282.3 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx tsʔikuw \ps n \ge one born (in a certain year, at a certain time, etc.) \de one born (in a certain year, at a certain time, etc.) \xv 1. ʔəhə ʔisitsʔikuw \xe 'there are many that were born.' \sd lifecycle \lg JPH \rf 91.285.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔinowo \ps v \ge steep, be \de to be steep \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. tstsʔinowo \xe 'it is very steep.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 91.285.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tsʔiwis \ps n \ge rattle (made of turtle shell) \de rattle (made of turtle shell) \ee It is unclear if this is inherently possessed. \xv 1. ʔitsʔiwis ʔispax ʔišaq \xe 'turtleshell rattle.' \xv 2. ksiwon hesikitsʔiwis \xe 'I sound my rattle.' \xv 3. hesikʰtsʔiwis ʔan tsiwon \xe 'my rattle sounds.' \sd culture \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 91.286.2 \dt 20/Oct/2018 \lx tsʔiyam \a tsʔiyam \va (tsiyam) \ee It is unclear if this word is related to the root ͽyam ‘to go down; to descend.’ \se I \ps n \ge steep slope \ge ?cliff \de steep slope; ?cliff \xv 1. lokastsʔiyam \xe 'the steep slope.' \xv 2. kʰkuʔum sałtsʔiyam \xe 'I came to a place where there was a steep declivity.' \se II \ps v \ge steep (said only of slopes), be \de to be steep (said only of slopes) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałtsiyam \pde to slope (up) gradually.NZ \xv 1. tstsʔiyam \xe 'it is a steep slope.' \xv 2. muštšum tstsʔiyam, tstsʔiyam tšnapiyətus, ʔan tšnapiyətus \xe 'it is very steep.' \xv 3. tstsiyam \xe 'it slopes up gradually' (said of a hill). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd geography \lg JPH \rf 91.284.3-285.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tsʔiyət \ps v \ge put one's buttocks in the air \ge crouch with one's buttocks in the air \de to put one's buttocks in the air; to crouch with one's buttocks in the air \cf alitsʔiyət \ce to lie down with one’s buttocks up \cf salitsʔiyət \ce to put smn’s buttocks in the air \cf watitsʔiyət \ce to raise one's buttocks in the air for a while \xv 1. lokaxʔanwa ʔan tsoxpot lokasʔoqwo kikašušʔexš kikastsʔiyət \xe 'The woman loosed her hair so that it was all loose and crouched with her buttocks in the air.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.285.2; Devil15 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tsʔohoy \a tsʔohóy \rd tsʔohtsʔohoʔoy \rd tsʔotsʔohoy \a tsʔohóy \a tsʔhoy̓ \a tsʔohoi \a tšohoy \a tsʔohoyiʔiy \a tšʔohoyiʔì \a tsʔohoyiʔì \va (tšʔohoyiʔi, tsʔohoyiʔiy) \ps n \ge other \ge next \ge neighbor \ge different \de other; next; neighbor; different \ee A speaker volunteered the form ͽtsʔohoyiʔiy as an equally valid form of this word. \cf watsʔohoy \ce day after tomorrow \xv 1. kisitsʔohtsʔohoʔoy \xe 'and others.' \xv 2. neʔekʰqišənwaš sihaʔw saʔałtonowš kisitsʔotsʔohoy ʔan tšišušʔutš \xe 'I have seen some foxes with their hair out and others with lots of hair.' \xv 3. ʔan tsʔohoyiʔiy ʔitšwiw \xe 'it is a different bird.' \xv 4. musʔił tsʔohoy \xe 'there is no other.' \xv 5. musʔił tsʔohoy kałnehet kaywu \xe 'there is no other that is their equal.' \xv 6. musʔił tsʔotsʔohoʔoy ʔa ʔiyʔałnehet kaywu \xe 'there is no other like they.' \xv 7. musʔił tsʔohoy kin tšaqwin he \xe 'there is no other like this.' \xv 8. huknunaʔał lokasʔohoy kaʔap \xe 'I am going to carry it to the other house.' \xv 9. kisukitwo lokaxayanəš kisutapi sitsʔohoy ʔikwatrù \xe 'we took out the bed and put it in another room.' \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.287.2-290.2; 94.205; Trip to Coyo Line13 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔohtsʔohoʔoy \a tsʔotsʔohoy \va (tsʔotsʔohoy) \ps n \ge other.REDUP \ge neighbor.REDUP \ge next.REDUP \ge different.REDUP \de other.REDUP; next.REDUP; neighbor.REDUP; different.REDUP \cf tsʔohoy \ce other; next; neighbor; different \sd reduplications \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔolomoy \ps v \ge put in one’s mouth all at once \de to put in one’s mouth all at once \xv 1. walin tstsʔolomoy \xe 'it takes (a man) into its mouth all at once time.' \xv 2. no ʔan ktsʔolomoy \xe 'I took it all into my mouth' (not taking little bites). \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 91.290.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔotsʔohoy \cf tsʔohtsʔohoʔoy \ce other.REDUP; next.REDUP; neighbor.REDUP; different.REDUP \sd variations \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tsʔunihyək \rd tsʔuntsʔunihyəʔək \a tsʔuniyhək \va (tsʔuniyhək) \ps n \ge pestle \de pestle \gn mano del mortero \dn mano del mortero \ee Note that Harrington lists the form ͽtsʔuniyhək as an alternative. However, the reduplicated form does not support ͽtsʔuniyhək as the non-reduplicated form of this word. \sd food \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.291.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔuniyhək \cf tsʔunihyək \ce pestle \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔuntsʔunihyəʔək \ps n \ge pestle.REDUP \de pestle.REDUP \cf tsʔunihyək \ce pestle \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tsʔutiyək \ps n \ge container \ge dish \ge womb \de container; dish; womb \mr [] \ee Translation meaning 'womb' does not seem to be inherently possessed. \cf utiyək \ce to be contained in; to be inside \xv 1. tsʔutiyək ʔitinta \xe 'ink bottle.' \xv 2. hesikʰintsʔutiyək \xe 'my dish.' \xv 3. tsʔutiyək ʔi qunup \xe 'womb.' \sd anatomy \sd tools \lg TJPH \rf 91.516.1-517.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tš- \cf ts- \ce third person prefix \sd variations \dt 19/Mar/2011 \lx -tš \cf -Vtš \ce property verbalizing suffix \sd variations \dt 26/Jun/2018 \lx tšaʔay̓ \a tšaʔay \va (tšaʔay) \ps n \ge daughter.DIM \de daughter.DIM \ee This terms refers to one's daughter up until twelve days of age. \mr [<šaʔay̓ (daughter.ϡdimϡ)>] \cf šaʔay̓ \ce daughter; niece \xv 1. hesiktšaʔay \xe 'my baby daughter.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg TJPH, KO \rf 72.221b; 91.300.1 \dt 20/Oct/2018 \lx tšak \ps onom \de -no meaning- \ee Part of the cry of the kingfisher \xv 1. tsʔipʰ, "tšak tšak tšak tšak tšrrrr tšak tšak tšak tšak tšrrr" \xe 'it says, "tšak tšak tšak tšak tšrrrr tšak tšak tšak tšak tšrrr." ' \sd birds \sd language \sd onomatopoeia \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.367.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tšanwaš \ps n \ge tooth.DEPR \de tooth.DEPR \mr [] \cf sa \ce tooth/teeth \xv 1. tšanwaš \xe 'old thrown away tooth.' \sd anatomy \sd depreciatives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.300.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tšapa \ps n \ge lock \de lock \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH \rf 91.300.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx tšapexʔenutš \ps n \ge embers \de embers \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqen \ce to be removed \cf peqʔenutš \ce to be/have embers \xv 1. tšapexʔenutš \xe 'the embers' (burning up hotly). \xv 2. ʔəhə ʔišapexʔenutš \xe 'lots of embers.' \sd elements \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.311.2; 90.347.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšawakan \ps n \ge apricot \de apricot \mr [] \cf ʔałwertšigu \ce apricot \xv 1. hukušpaʔak sitšawakan \xe 'I am going over there to pick apricots.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd food \lg TJPH \rf 91.478.3 \dt 16/Jul/2019 \lx tšaxšiw \ps n \ge fish bladder \de fish bladder \sd animals \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 69.861.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx tšaytšaʔay \ps n \ge daughter.DIM.REDUP \de daughter.DIM.REDUP \ee This term is for one's daughter up until twelve days of age. \mr [<šaʔay̓ (daughter.ϡdim.redupϡ)>] \cf šaʔay̓ \ce daughter; niece \cf tšaʔay̓ \ce daughter.DIM \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \sd reduplications \sd diminutives \lg TJPH, KO \rf 72.221.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx tšenwaš \ps n \ge bone.DEPR \de bone.DEPR \mr [] \cf se \ce bone \xv 1. tšenwaš \xe 'thrown-away bone.' \sd anatomy \sd depreciatives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.302.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tšə \a tšə̀ \ps excl \ge out! \ge get out of here! \de out!; get out of here! \gn ¡vete! \dn ¡vete! \xv 1. tšə, tšə, tšə, tšə ! \xe 'get out of here!' (women would say this to the dog). \xv 2. tšə ! \xe 'out!' \xv 3. tšəpməkəʔə ! \xe 'go far from here!' \xv 4. tšə nunaʔał ! \xe 'be gone, carry it along!' \xv 5. tsʔip, "pi kapałʔalušyoxonit lokaʔo kakʰkepmu, tšə, tšə pʰnaʔał, tšə pʰnaʔał, tšə pməkəʔə!" \xe 'he said, "so you are the one who is riling up my bathing pool. Be gone, get away from here, take yourself far from here!" ' \sd exclamations \sd roots \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 89.121.4; 91.303.1-304.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tšəʔəł \ps n \ge poor thing \de poor thing \ee It is unclear if this is an exclamation or merely a noun. \sd people \lg JPH \rf 91.304.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšəʔpək \cf tšʔəpək \ce beaver \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšəqələqələ \ps vt \ge tickle the belly of \de to tickle the belly of \cf aqšikə \ce I. to be irritated/tickled II. to tickle smn/smth as by lightly rubbing a finger across the skin \cf šaqšəkʔə \ce to cause to itch; to irritate physically; to tickle \xv 1. tšəqələqələ \xe 'he tickles' (the stomach). \xv 2. tštšəqələqələnit \xe 'he punches me with fingers in my belly.' \xv 3. tštšəqələqələnit \xe 'he tickles me.' \xv 4. huštšəqələqələnit \xe 'he is going to tickle me.' \xv 5. huktšəqələqələnił \xe 'I am going to tickle you.' \xv 6. no ʔan mukʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \xe 'I am not ticklish.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.304.3-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx -tšəš \cf -tšVš \ce verbalizing suffix + reflexive verbal suffix \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšili \ps n \ge chili \de chili \gn chile \dn chile \ee See also Lockhart 2001 (214). \mr [] \xv 1. tstsʔə lokatšili \xe 'the chilie is very hot-tasting.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.305.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšino \rd tšintšinoʔo \a tšinu \va (tšinu) \ps n \ge Chinese person \de Chinese person \gn chino \dn chino \mr [] \xv 1. lokatšinu ʔan tšušuyepš \xe 'the Chinese person is different.' \xv 2. xaʔax ʔišušuyepš šaʔałtšošoy kasitšinu \xe 'there is a great difference between a black person and a Chinese person.' \xv 3. sitšintšinoʔo \xe 'the Chinese.' \sd people \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.305.4-306.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšintšinoʔo \ps n \ge Chinese person.REDUP \de Chinese person.REDUP \cf tšino \ce Chinese person \sd reduplications \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšišʔaxš \ps n \ge nit \de nit \ee This form may be inherently possessed. \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 81.153.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx tšišʔunu \ps n \ge great-grandson \de great-grandson \cf ʔunu \ce grandchild \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \sd number \lg JPH, KO \rf 72.213.3 \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx tšišawi \ps n \ge summer \de summer \mr [] \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \xv 1. kəpə ʔan tšišawi \xe 'now it is summer time.' \sd seasons \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.95.2; 91.306.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tškapš \sc Phyllospadix torreyi \ps n \ge hair seaweed \ge surf-grass \ge seagrass \de hair seaweed; surf-grass; seagrass \ee Harrington notes that this was identified on the beach. See also Timbrook 2007 (139 141). \sd plants \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 81.77.1; 90.306.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx tškəʔəš \ps n \ge sea worm species \de sea worm species \sd animals \sd ocean \sd water \lg JP; SP \rf 81.130.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšlewutš \ps n \ge piece \de piece \mr [] \cf lew \ce to break away in increments \xv 1. tšlewutš səʔəqəy, tšaqwin \xe 'a piece of chicken, that is all.' \xv 2. ikšit hałtšlewutš losipan ! \xe 'give me a piece of bread!' \xv 3. ikšit hałtšlewutš hałtspəy ! \xe 'give me a piece of ice!' \xv 4. tšlewlewutš ʔi maqš \xe 'fragments of flint.' \xv 5. kilakʰan sałwalisukumuʔus ʔan tsexseqenus ʔišlewutš \xe 'when they get near to the cattle they bite a piece of meat off.' \xv 6. ʔiškom̓ ʔišlewutš ʔištuwaš, muštəʔəʔən heʔišliyək (Ϟor lamuštəʔəʔən heʔišliyək) \xe 'two pieces of shell, they are not in the very middle.' \xv 7. musʔiʔił hałʔalaxyikus maliʔiʔi latsnewuts lokaliqisqisə sinawa sʔuwlilo \xe 'she didn’t even give a little piece to any of the on-lookers when she ate.' \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.302.2-4, 307.3-309.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšləyət \ps n \ge sapling \ge sprout \de sapling; sprout \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf ləyət \ce to sprout \xv 1. tsʔił sikʰintšləyət sipon̓ \xe 'I have a sapling.' \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.309.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšliyək ʔi šup \ps n \ge middle of the world \de middle of the world \cf liyək \ce middle \cf šup2 \ce large hill; earth; dirt; smth below \sd geography \sd places \lg JPH \rf 91.309.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšluqay \rd tšluqluqaʔay \a šluqay \ps n \ge fork \de fork \gn horqueta \dn horqueta \mr [] \cf luqay \ce to grow spreading \cf qay \ce to be split at the base \xv 1. tšluqay lokašluqay \xe 'the fork is spreading.' \xv 2. lokaspu kašluqay \xe 'one point or branch of the fork.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʰin lokašluqay kasʰe \xe 'I took its wishbone.' \xv 4. tsaqutałtə loʔišluqay sipon̓ \xe 'I clinched it in the fork of a branch.' \sd food \sd plants \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.309.4-311.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšluqluqaʔay \ps n \ge fork.REDUP \de fork.REDUP \cf tšluqay \ce fork \sd reduplications \dt 04/Sep/2011 \lx tšluy̓ət \a šluyət \a šluy̓ət \va (šluy̓ət, šluyət) \ps n \ge knot (in wood) \de knot (in wood) \ee This form is inherently possessed. \xv 1. ʔan tšikon̓oqš tsamkeseʔqe loʔkašluy̓ət \xe 'they cut it, removing the knot.' \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Tomol15 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšmałwilutš \a šmałwilutš \va (šmałwilutš) \ps n \ge afterbirth \de afterbirth \gn pares, las \dn las pares \xv 1. kikanupan tskitwo lokašmałwilutš \xe 'and then the after birth comes out.' \sd lifecycle \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.307.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tšmaqtunutš \ps n \ge half \de half \mr [] \ee The word tšmaqtunutš can refer to such things as half of a body already cut through with knife, while tsmotʔo refers to a side or half of a body still alive. \cf maqtu \ce to be halved \cf maqtunutš \ce to be half \xv 1. pakeʔet sipesu kaʔišmaqtunutš kaspiʔiw \xe 'it is worth $1.50.' \sd numbers \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.311.4-312.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšmenin \a šmenin \va (šmenin) \ps n \ge sweet acorn \ge acorn, sweet \de sweet acorn \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ isʼamɨn̓ɨn ’to clean acorns’ (SYBCI 2007: 466) \xv 1. lokawołtot ʔan tsʔapʰanus lokatšʰinšmenin \xe 'the woodpecker makes holes for putting in sweet acorns.' \xv 2. lokawołtotʰ ʔan s[ʰ]utapi lokaš[ʰ]inšmenin lokasʔapʰanus \xe 'the woodpecker puts the sweet-acorns in the holes.' \xv 3. kanawa sutapi lokašʰinšmenin kisʰin ʔišʰunuwušaʔàš kisipà lokatšmenìn \xe 'when he puts the sweet-acorn in, he takes a thing that seems suitable to him and drives the acorn in.' \sd food \sd nature \sd plants \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.668.2-669.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tšminimolitš \ps n \ge Yokuts \ge Tulareño \de Yokuts; Tulareño \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI (ʼ)alapmilimol ‘Tulareño; north inhabitant’ (Harrington 1986: 59.520.8) \mr [] \cf milimoł \ce north \cf minimoł \ce country up by Tejon; plain (geographical feature) \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.312.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tšnuyu \ps n \ge amole comb \ge comb, amole \ge amole fiber \de amole comb; amole fiber \ee Used to clean meal from a grinding implement (Hudson & Blackburn 1983: 128 129, 1985: 347 348). \xv 1. hesikʰintšnuyu \xe 'my amole comb.' \xv 2. hukeqweł sikʰintšnuyu sipaš \xe 'I'm gonna make a comb of amole.' \xv 3. huktikikš huksunuwus hesikiyšnuyù \xe 'I am going to comb/brush my hair with a comb of amole.' \sd plants \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 81.298.4; 91.313.3-314.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tšoho \a tšohò \a tšohó \a tšohon \va (tšohon-) \ps v \ge finish \ge cease \de to finish; to cease \cf watitšoho \ce to stop (raining); to finish \xv 1. kanawa štšoho ʔisʔuwlilo ʔan tsyət ʔisʰuyaqmił \xe 'when finished eating she got a terrible thirst.' \xv 2. tšamtšohonwu \xe 'they finished them.' \xv 3. kuqmantštəkš kikanawa ktšoho ʔan knukitwo hekoʔo kikwatšʔəw \xe 'I washed my face (and hands) and when I finished I carried the water out doors and threw it out.' \xv 4. ʔašnəm huptšoho hapšuqonšpiyit, kikšatiwənitš, kʰšatiwəš šaʔatʔaxatš saʔałmaliʔiʔi lasitpenit \xe 'when will you cease to make fun of me? I who got married to a man who does not think of me even the least.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.314.3-315.3; Daughter118 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšok \ps v \ge hiccough \ge have hiccoughs \de to hiccough; to have hiccoughs \gn tener hipo \gn hipo, tener \dn tener hipo \xv 1. ktšok \xe 'I hiccough.' \sd body \sd common \lg JPH \rf 81.119.4; 91.315.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx tšokolati \ps n \ge chocolate \ge chocolate drink \de chocolate; chocolate drink \mr [] \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd Nahuatl \rf NAA Harrington Purisimeño Field Notes 6017 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tšokʔo \ps n \ge cricket \de cricket \gn grilla \dn grilla \sd animals \sd insects \lg JPH \rf 70.316.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx tšolitšoli \ps v \ge kick one's legs in the air \de to kick one's legs in the air \gn patalear \dn patalear \xv 1. ktšolitšoli \xe 'I am kicking my feet in the air' (this does not mean 'I kick,' but that I lie on my back or sit on a chair and kick my legs up, kicking nothing with my legs but just kicking with them in the air as a baby does). \xv 2. tštšolitšoli \xe 'he was kicking his legs in the air.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.316.3-317.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tšomoy \ps n \ge clover species \de clover species \ee Referred to various clover species; some species were consumed by humans and horses and some species were not. Said by consultant to be a good food source for horses. See also Timbrook 2007 (59). \sd plants \sd food \lg JPH; SP \rf 81.53.1, 70.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tšopoyo \ps n \ge bird species \de bird species \ee Resembles the swallow, but is larger. The bird has a blue back, and a distinct [ɹʒʒ] call. It is found on the islands and mainland and makes a nest of mud. \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.623.2, 637.2, 639.1-640.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tšoqš \ps n \ge bile \de bile \gn hiel \dn hiel \ee This word is inherently possessed. \xv 1. hekakʰintšoqš \xe 'my bile.' \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.316.1-2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx tšotš \sc Chenopodium californicum \ps n \ge soap plant \de soap plant \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (55 56). \cf tšotšiyał \ce to grate soap plant \cf tšotšiyaləʔəš \ce grating instrument for soap plant \sd plants \lg TJPH: JT \rf 81.67.4; 91.318.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšotšiyał \a tšotšiyal \va (tšotšiyal-) \ps v \ge grate soap plant \de to grate soap plant \mr [] \cf tšotš \ce soap plant \cf tšotšiyaləʔəš \ce grating instrument for soap plant \xv 1. huktšotšiyaləʔə̀š \xe 'I am going to grate soap plant.' \sd verbs \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 81.67.4; 91.318.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tšotšiyaləʔəš \ps n \ge grating instrument for soap plant \de grating instrument for soap plant \mr [] \cf tšotš \ce soap plant \cf tšotšiyał \ce to grate soap plant \sd tools \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.67.4; 91.318.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -tšotšo- \ps vroot \de to fish \ee Harrington recognizes this as a root. It is probably an older verb meaning ‘to fish.’ \cf ʔałʔałtšotšo \ce fisherman \cf tšotšonəʔəš \ce fish \sd roots \sd vroots \sd fish \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšotšonəʔəš \rd tšotštšotšonəʔəš \a tšotšonəʔə̀š \a šotšonəʔəš \va (šotšonəʔəš) \ps n \ge fish \de fish \mr [] \xv 1. ʔulaktšotšonəʔəš \xe 'if I were a fish.' \xv 2. ʔəhə sišotšonəʔəš \xe 'there are many fish.' \xv 3. tšotšonəʔə̀š ʔi wəpaʔàš \xe '?thresher shark.' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd fish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.71.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tšotštšotšonəʔəš \ps n \ge fish.REDUP \de fish.REDUP \cf tšotšonəʔəš \ce fish \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšoxš \va (šoxš) \ps n \ge feather down \de feather down \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ šoxš ‘down feathers’ (SYBCI 2007: 502) \xv 1. tsutsutapinwu ʔišoxš \xe 'they braid down into pita.' \sd animals \sd tools \sd birds \lg JPH \rf 69.40; 91.317.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tšoxšoł \rd tšoxšoxšoʔoł \ps n \ge bladder \de bladder \gn vejiga \dn vejiga \ee This word is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf oxšoł \ce to urinate \xv 1. loʔištšoxšoł \xe 'in his bladder.' \xv 2. tsʔił siqəpqəʔəp hešiktšoxšoł \xe 'I have stones in my bladder.' \xv 3. no kakʰintšoxšoł \xe 'it is my bladder.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukoxšoł \xe 'I am going to urinate.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.317.4; 93.332.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšoxšoləʔəš \ps n \ge urethra \ge tube urine comes out through \de urethra; tube urine comes out through \gn meadero \dn meadero \mr [] \cf oxšoł \ce to urinate \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.317.4;93.332.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšoxšoxšoʔoł \ps n \ge bladder.REDUP \de bladder.REDUP \cf tšoxšoł \ce bladder \sd reduplications \dt 04/Sep/2011 \lx tšpeqenutš \ps n \ge coals, hot \ge hot coals \de hot coals \mr [] \cf peqʔenutš \ce to be/have embers \xv 1. kihusawəy heʔišpeqenutš \xe 'so that she could roast them on the hot coals.' \sd food \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.320.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšqoqoʔon \ps n \ge manzanita \ge manzanita fruit \de manzanita; manzanita fruit \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (34 35). \sd plants \sd nature \sd food \lg JPH; SP \rf 81.98.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx tšrrr \ps onom \ee Part of the cry of the kingfisher. Note the possible lengthening of the final consonant. \xv 1. tsʔipʰ, “tšak tšak tšak tšak tšrrrr tšak tšak tšak tšak tšrrr” \xe 'it says, "tšak tšak tšak tšak tšrrrr tšak tšak tšak tšak tšrrr". ' \sd onomatopoeia \sd birds \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.367.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tštakałʔapapʰa \ps n \ge gall (of a plant) \de gall (of a plant) \mr [] \cf ʔapapʰa \ce ball \xv 1. tštakałʔapapʰa sikuw̓ \xe 'oak puffball.' \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.320.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tštapušaʔaš \ps n \ge foreshaft of arrow \de foreshaft of arrow \mr [] \xv 1. tštapušaʔaš ʔi ya \xe 'foreshaft of arrow.' \xv 2. ya ʔi ʔałʔił ʔištapušaʔaš \xe 'arrow with foreshaft.' \xv 3. hesikʰintštapušaʔaš \xe 'my foreshaft.' \sd archery \sd tools \rf 91. 97.3, 322.4-323.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tštaqapqap \a štaqapqap \va (staqapqap) \ps n \ge leaf \ge flake \de leaf; flake \mr [] \ee This word is inherently possessed. \xv 1. tsiyapiyam ʔištaqapqas \xe 'the leaves are falling.' \xv 2. pakeʔet ʔištaqapqap \xe 'one leaf.' \xv 3. siyapiyam ištaqapqap \xe 'the leaves are falling.' \xv 4. tštaqapqap \xe 'its leaves.' \xv 5. tštaqapqap ʔi maqš \xe 'flakes of flint.' \xv 6. no ʔan kqaqał loʔkamaqš ksuqapqáp \xe 'I flake flint, make it thin.' \sd nature \sd plants \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.322.4; 90.94.4; 91.320.4-322.2; 94.71, 362.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tštə \ps n \ge real (Spanish monetary unit) \ge bit (monetary unit) \de real (Spanish monetary unit); bit (monetary unit) \ee This likely refers to the Mexican real, which was one eighth of the Spanish milled dollar (piece of eight). A ‘bit’ was also one eighth of a Spanish dollar, but was an ad hoc division of the currency wherein the Spanish dollar was physically divided into 8 bits, or pieces. This word is inherently possessed. \xv 1. tštə \xe 'one real.' \xv 2. ʔiškom̓ ʔištə \xe 'two reals.' \xv 3. masəx ʔištə \xe 'three reals.' \xv 4. tskumu ʔištə \xe 'four reals.' \xv 5. yitipakʔes ʔištə \xe 'five reals.' \xv 6. yitiʔiškom̓ ʔištə \xe 'six reals.' \xv 7. iškom̓ ʔi štə \xe 'two bits.' \sd Spanish \sd neologisms \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.324.4-325.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tštəʔəniwaš \a tštəʔəniwàš \a tštəʔənìwàš \a tštəə̀niwàš \rd tštənštəʔəniwaʔaš \ps n \ge dog \ge pet dog \de dog; pet dog \ee This word is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf qo \ce pet \cf tə \ce I. name II. to be called; to be called by name; to name \cf tštəʔəniwatš \ce puppy \xv 1. lokakihintštəntštəʔəniwaʔaš kikə \xe 'our dogs.' \xv 2. nełtseqe lokapʰin tštəʔəniwaš \xe 'where is your dog?' \xv 3. ʔəhə ʔištənštəʔəniwaʔaš \xe 'many dogs.' \xv 4. huksukeʔep hesikʰqo \xe ' I am going to bathe my dog' (would not say ͽtštəʔəniwaš here). \xv 5. lokatštəntəʔəniwatš ʔan malawa šiʔišaw kišitəqitš, kikə ʔan munakitəqitšwaš \xe 'the little dogs open their eyes the eighth day, we have never opened our eyes yet.' \xv 6. tšiyaqutišətš heʔištəʔəniwaš ’an tšaqwin hesimusiyałhaš \xe 'the dogs are smart, the only thing they lack is that they do not talk.' \sd animals \sd mammals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.110.3; 91.325.3-327.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tštəʔəniwatš \rd tštəntəʔəniwatš \ps n \ge puppy \de puppy \mr [] \cf tə \ce I. name II. to be called; to be called by name; to name \cf tštəʔəniwaš \ce dog; pet dog \xv 1. lokatštəntəʔəniwatš ʔan malawa šiʔišaw kišitəqitš, kikə ʔan munakitəqitšwaš \xe 'the little dogs open their eyes the eighth day, we have never opened our eyes yet.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd diminutives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.327.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tštək \a štək \rd štəktəʔək \va (štək) \ps n \ge tip \ge point \ge lobe (of ear) \ge peak (of mountain) \de tip; point; lobe (of ear); peak (of mountain) \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf təkitš \ce to have a point \cf təkpišaš \ce to be point to point \xv 1. tštək ʔi šup \xe 'point of land.' \xv 2. heʔištək siktu \xe 'the lobe of my ear.' \xv 3. loʔištək siqasqas \xe 'there is a sandy point.' \xv 4. tšnapayli loʔištək \xe 'he climbs to the tip.' \xv 5. aputi hesipon̓ napayli loʔištək ! \xe 'go up this tree; reach the tip!' \xv 6. tsʔił ʔispon̓ kiloʔištək kasʔił ʔisʔamə \xe 'it has a stem and at the tip of it is the fruit.' \xv 7. ʔištəktə́ʔək ʔi šup \xe 'the peaks of the mountain range.' \xv 8. tštək ʔi šup \xe 'point of the land' (on the coast). \xv 9. tštək \xe 'point of stick.' \xv 10. loʔištək siqasqas \xe 'there is a sandy point.' \sd tools \sd geography \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.45.3; 90.82.2, 101.3, 138.1; 91.135.1-2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tštəməy \ps n \ge gooseberry \de gooseberry \gn barburi \dn barburi \ee See also Timbrook 2007. This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \xv 1. kmaqmaqskʔał hesikʔəł heʔištəməy \xe 'I have my feet tangled in the barbs (gooseberry).' \sd plants \sd nature \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.86.3; 92.668.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tštənštəʔəniwaʔaš \a štənštəʔəniwaʔaš \va (štənštəʔəniwaʔaš) \ps n \ge dog.REDUP \ge pet dog.REDUP \de dog.REDUP; pet dog.REDUP \cf tštəʔəniwaš \ce dog; pet dog \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tštəntəʔəniwatš \ps n \ge puppy.REDUP \de puppy.REDUP \cf tštəʔəniwatš \ce puppy \sd reduplications \sd diminutives \sd depreciatives \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.327.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tštəpəq \rd tštəptəpəʔək \a štəpəq \va (štəpəq) \ps n \ge root \ge base \ge stump \de root; base; stump \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf tštəpəqʔiwaš \ce rotten stump \xv 1. loʔištəpəq ʔi šup kasamsukitwo \xe 'the base of the hill.' \xv 2. lokašʔuliš kasqap \xe 'the handle of the feather.' \xv 3. kiloʔištəpəq kasʰa \xe 'the root of the tooth.' \xv 4. loʔištəpə kasʔił salamnaqša \xe 'its fangs are big, and it is its roots [where the poison is] by which one dies.' \sd geography \sd anatomy \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.129.1; Daughter95 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tštəpəqʔiwaš \ps n \ge stump, rotten \de rotten stump \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf tštəpəq \ce root; base; stump \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.329.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tštəptəpəʔək \ps n \ge root.REDUP \ge base.REDUP \ge stump.REDUP \de root.REDUP; base.REDUP; stump.REDUP \cf tštəpəq \ce root; base; stump \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tštəq \ps n \ge crack \de crack \xv 1. tsiyutikay heʔištšəq sipon̓ \xe '(the bedbugs) hide in the cracks of the board.' \lg JPH \rf 91.333.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tštiwał \rd tštiwtiwaʔał \a štiwał \va (štiwał) \ps n \ge net, carrying \ge seine net \ge net, seine \de carrying net; seine net \ee Speaker offered this form to Harrington as the word for carrying net. Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 163 164) refer to this as a seine net, which hangs vertically so as to catch schools of fish. \cf šəpəšmu \ce where or in which anything is carried; hammock carrying net \cf šuštiwał \ce to put in a carrying net \xv 1. hekakištiwał \xe 'my carrying net.' \sd ocean \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 91.329.4-330.2; 94.393.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tštiwtiwaʔał \ps n \ge carrying net.REDUP \ge net, carrying.REDUP \ge seine net.REDUP \ge net, seine.REDUP \de carrying net.REDUP; seine net.REDUP \cf tštiwał \ce carrying net; seine net \sd reduplications \dt 26/Jun/2018 \lx tštoy̓ \ps n \ge hoof \de hoof \gn pezuña (pesuña) \dn pezuña (pesuña) \ee This form is inherently possessed. \xv 1. tštoy̓ \xe 'his hoof.' \xv 2. tštoy̓ ʔi wə \xe 'dear hoof.' \xv 3. hesikʰtoy̓ \xe 'my hoof' (said by horse). \xv 4. hesikawayu sałuyeqe loʔišup ʔan tšutišinitš ʔisitoy̓ \xe 'horses born in the mountains have hard hoofs.' \sd animals \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 91.202.2, 330.3-331.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tštum \rd tštumtuʔum \ps n \ge egg \de egg \gn huevo \dn huevo \ee This form is inherently possessed. \mr [] \cf tum \ce to lay eggs; to oviposit \xv 1. loʔištumtuʔum \xe 'its eggs.' \xv 2. kaktum \xe 'that is my egg' (said by chicken). \xv 3. ʔəhə sikʰintštum \xe 'I have a lot of eggs.' \xv 4. tštum ʔi tʔo \xe 'pearl' (lit., 'egg of mussel'). \xv 5. loʔkaʔałqapatš ʔan tštum kašnehet loʔkapšoš kašnehet loʔkaʔołpo \xe 'the bird lays eggs, as does the gophersnake, [and] as does the lizard.' \sd anatomy \sd animals \sd food \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.331.4-332.1 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx tštumtuʔum \ps n \ge egg.REDUP \de egg.REDUP \cf tštum \ce egg \sd reduplications \dt 14/Dec/2010 \lx tštuwaʔaš \a štuwaʔaš \va (štuwaʔaš) \ps n \ge shell (as of shellfish) \de shell (as of shellfish) \ee May be the same word as ͽtštuwaš. This form is inherently possessed. \xv 1. tštuwaʔaš ʔi tʔaya \xe 'abalone shell.' \xv 2. heʔištuwaʔaš ʔan tsamaqmilašpì siʔo \xe 'this shell is used for drinking water.' \xv 3. tštuwaʔaš \xe 'shell of egg.' \xv 4. hesiktuwaʔaš \xe 'my shell' (said by egg). \sd animals \sd food \sd ocean \sd shellfish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.332.2-333.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tštuwaš \a štuwaš \ps n \ge shell \ge pod, bean/pea \ge nutshell \ge seashell \de shell of egg; bean/pea pod; nutshell; seashell \ee May be the same word as ͽtštuwaʔaš. This form is inherently possessed. \xv 1. hukušwekeʔey heʔištuwaš lošuʔušʔušwekeyeš \xe 'I am going to dump these empty clam shells in the rubbish pile or kitchen midden.' \xv 2. ʔəhə ʔi tštuwaš \xe 'piles of shells.' \xv 3. štuwaš ʔi šuwaštipołyoqo \xe 'spiral shell' (any spiral shell, general term). \xv 4. heʔištuwaʔaš ʔan tsamaqmilašpì soʔo \xe 'this shell is used to drink water.' \sd plants \sd animals \sd food \sd shellfish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.128.2; 81.238.3; 91.332.3-4, 333.3; Daughter61 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšuhu \ps n \ge pearl \de pearl \sd ocean \sd shellfish \lg JPH \rf 70.240 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx tšulakak \a tšulukak \va (tšulukak) \ps n \ge woodpecker species \ge flicker species \de woodpecker species; flicker species \ee Described as being reddish yellow all over with black spots on the breast. Dialectal variant ͽsyət. \xv 1. tskuyam loʔistək tšulukak \xe 'the woodpecker was on the top.' \xv 2. lokatšulakak ʔan tsʰwałpʰstəxə ʔi šwaqʰšik heʔiskəw \xe 'the flicker is sprinkled (as sprinkling water with fingers) painted on breast.' \xv 3. tsʔip, “trrrt” \xe 'it [the flicker] says, “trrrt.” ' \xv 4. lokatšulakakʰ ʔan tsaqʰtayahəł \xe 'the flicker is the color of a red snake.' \sd animals \sd birds \lg TJPH \rf 71.558.2-561.2; 92.572.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšulukak \cf tšulakak \ce woodpecker species; flicker species \sd variations \dt 28/Jul/2012 \lx tšum \a tšúm \ps v \ge good, be \ge agreeable, be \de to be good; to be agreeable \cf ʔałʔałtšumitš \ce smn wealthy \cf ʔałtšum \ce money; treasure; anchovy \cf ʔaqtšummu \ce place (house) of a loved one \cf aqnitšum \ce to have a pleasant smell/taste; to be good or pleasing \cf aqtatšum \ce to go far \cf aqtšum \ce to like; to take a liking to \cf axtšaqnitšum \ce to resemble smth delicious \cf panatšum \ce to have good grain (said of wood) \xv 1. muštšum hešikpoš \xe 'I am sad' (lit.'my heart is no good). \xv 2. muštšum kin \xe 'I can tollerate it no longer.' \xv 3. kumeł ʔišʔaniwaš, tsapitsʔə ʔišʔaniwaš, muštšum ʔišʔaniwaš, mušwašətš \xe Lit., '(its) old blood is bad, (its) old blood is hot, (its) old blood is not agreeable, it is not good' (there may be some idiomatic translation that is being missed here). \xv 4. muštšum ʔi šup, muštuhuy, ki samtʔolóqʰ \xe 'the year is bad, no rain, the people are all hungry.' \xv 5. tsiyikuswu simays kasaʔaxʔxkatəʔəš sałneʔemuštšum \xe 'they feed them corn and swill.' \xv 6. lokaštum katšotšonəʔəš \xe 'fish eggs.' \xv 7. kʔuwe muštšum susamʔuw kəwə neʔesitołmow \xe 'but they were no good to eat, they were already rotten.' \xv 8. muštšum šikpoš \xe 'my heart is sad.' \xv 9. muštšum lusamʔuw \xe 'it is no good to eat.' \xv 10. neʔemuktšum \xe 'I am no longer a well man.' \xv 11. muktšum \xe 'I am bad, I am good for nothing.' \xv 12. tštštikumšaš, muštšum \xe 'the point and other side of the fish hook, it is no good.' \xv 13. muštšum ʔišpoš \xe 'he is sad' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd common \sd idioms \sd emotions \sd senses \lg TJPH \rf 89.356.1; 91.237.4, 349.2-350.4; 93.352.2; Travels52 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tšumaš \rd tšumtšumaš \ps n \ge islander \de islander \ee This word did not refer to someone from Santa Rosa Island and seems to have been reserved to those from Santa Cruz Island. \cf ʔatʔapwima \ce Santa Rosa islander \cf mitšumaš \ce Mitšumaš; present-day Santa Cruz Island \cf wima1 \ce Santa Rosa Island \xv 1. loʔkatšumàš ʔan tšiyuštewè šuʔuxpaʔàš, kiloʔkaʔiʔatʔap miluk kałʔisəpuswu ʔisiwəł tsisunuwus ʔišukowowonəʔə̀š \xe 'the Chumash (islanders) used to harpoon the otter, but the mainland Indians taught them to shoot them with arrows.' \xv 2. loʔkatšumtšumàš laʔkʰan ʔišiyuštəł sipaxàt šaʔalaqʰšà kʔùwe tsisuwakaʔàp \xe 'the Cruzeño, when they see a dead whale, they bring it ashore.' \sd people \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 91.354.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tšumtšumaš \ps n \ge islander.REDUP \de islander.REDUP \cf tšumaš \ce islander \sd reduplications \dt 30/Dec/2010 \lx tšupeqš \a supeqš \a šupeqš \a šupeqʰš \ps v \ge mend smth.DIM \de to mend smth.DIM \cf šupexš \ce to mend \sd diminutives \lg TJPH \dt 26/Jun/2018 \lx tšuptšupiwatš \ps n \ge mounds of earth \de mounds of earth \mr [<šup2 (large hill; earth; dirt; smth below.ϡredup.dimϡ) + -iwaš (ϡdepr.dimϡ)>] \cf šup2 \ce large hill; earth; dirt; smth below \sd reduplications \sd diminutives \sd geography \rf 91.334.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx tšutiyəkwutš \ps n \ge insides of a woman \de insides of a woman \ee It is possible this word refers to a woman's uterus. \mr [] \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.335.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšuxitš \ps v \ge wear a headdress \de to wear a headdress \mr [] \cf tsux \ce headdress \xv 1. huktšuxitš \xe 'I am going to put the headdress on.' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.334.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tšwalaməš \ps n \ge digging stick weight \de digging stick weight \mr [] \cf walaməš \ce to be heavy \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.584.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšwaštiwił \ps name \ge tšwaštiwił (a point above Ventura) \de TŠwaštiwił (a point above Ventura) \sd places \lg JPH \rf 91.335.2; OurFather3 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx tšwayək \ps name \ge tšwayək \de Tšwayək; present-day Los Pitos \ee This is a placename. \xv 1. maliʔiʔi latšwayək hukikumli \xe 'we would not even get to Los Pitos.' \xv 2. lawaliʔiʔin hukʰkumli tšwayək \xe 'I shall reach Los Pitos soon.' \sd names \sd places \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.36.1 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx tšwiw \rd tšwiwtšwiw \ps n \ge bird, small \ge (song) bird \ge bird, (song) \de (song) bird; small bird \xv 1. hesikʰqo ʔitšwiw \xe 'my pet bird.' \xv 2. ʔəhə sitšwiw \xe 'many birds.' \xv 3. heʔispat masəx sitšwiw saliyotoyi \xe 'in this nest are three birds.' \xv 4. tšwiw ʔi ʔalaqułpepš \xe 'insect eating bird.' \xv 5. tšʰwiw ʔi ʔoxtokow \xe 'snow bird.' \xv 6. tsamsinayus tskúmu sipon̓ loʔistəq siya kuhusiwəł šitšwiw \xe 'they have put four sticks on the end of the arrow, that it may kill birds.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd onomatopoeia \lg JPH \rf 89.43; 71.309.1; 91.335.3-336.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšwiwtšwiw \ps n \ge (song) bird(s).REDUP \ge small bird.REDUP \de (song) bird(s).REDUP; small bird.REDUP \cf tšwiw \ce (song) bird; small bird \sd reduplications \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx tšwokš \ps n \ge backbone (vertebra(e)) \de backbone (vertebra(e)) \ee This form is inherently possessed. \cf woqš \ce backbone; spine; vertebrae \xv 1. tšwokš sipaxat \xe 'whale vertebra.' \sd body \sd animals \sd anatomy \lg (91.337.1) \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx tšyoy \cf tšyoy̓ \ce bird species \sd variations \dt 07/Oct/2012 \lx tšyoy̓ \ph tʃʰjɔj̰ \a tšyoy \va (tšyoy) \ps n \ge bird species \de bird species \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI yoy̓ ‘sparrow’ (Whistler 1980: 53) \ee Described as a small bird. The male had a red head and breast; the rest of its body was grayish. Females were a mixed brown and black. Harrington guesses that this refers to the red headed linet, although linets are not New World birds. He also notes that this word may, additionally, refer to the mockingbird. However, no examples with that use are given. \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.628.2-629.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -tšVš \a -tšaš \a -tšàš \a -tšəš \va (-tšaš, -tšəš) \ps vsuf \ge VZ.II.REFL \de verbalizing suffix + reflexive verbal suffix \ee A combination of the prefixes ͽ-n ‘verbalizing suffix II’ and ͽ-šVš ‘reflexive verbal suffix.’ Glossed as VZ.II.REFL. \mr [<-n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -šVš (ϡreflϡ)>] \sd suffixes \lg TJPH \dt 27/Aug/2019 \lx tšʰatʔap \ps n \ge debris, ocean \ge ocean debris \de ocean debris (foam, dead fish, etc.) \ee This refers to anything the ocean throws ashore. One consultant stated that this word could only be used of fish. \mr [] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔatʔap \ce one who dwells below \cf šatʔap \ce to wash ashore (said of fish only) \xv 1. tšʰatʔap šitšotšónə́ʔəš \xe 'fish washed ashore.' \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.38.1; 91.348.1 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx tšʔapš \a šʔapš \va (šʔapš) \ps n \ge broth \ge juice \ge milk \ge soup \de broth; juice; soup; milk \mr [] \cf ʔapš \ce to be hot \xv 1. tšʔapš ʔiʔałhaputš \xe 'broth.' \xv 2. hukseqenus ʔisixyapapa heʔišʔapš \xe 'I am going to remove the scum from the soup.' \xv 3. tšʔapš sikutet \xe 'milk.' \xv 4. hekaxʔanwa ʔan heʔesʔił ʔišʔapš heʔiskutet \xe 'the woman has already milk in her breasts.' \xv 5. tsapaqwaʔay heʔišʔapš \xe 'this soup is well done.' \xv 6. tšʔapš \xe 'its soup' ; 'its juice.' \sd food \rf 89.181; 91.339.1-341.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšʔaqaw \ps n \ge kingbird species \de kingbird species \gn madrugador \gn correcuervo \dn madrugador; correcuervo \xv 1. tsʔip, "kwi kwi" \xe 'it says, “kwi kwi.” ' \xv 2. lokatšʔaqàw tštitap lokaʔà kištakʰtə̀ \xe 'the kingbird chases the crow and hits him.' \sd birds \sd nature \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.625.2-627.1; 81.216.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tšʔay \ps n \ge bluejay \de bluejay \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg FL; JPH \rf 71.438.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx tšʔay̓ \ps n \ge scrub jay \de scrub jay \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI čʼay̓ ‘scrub jay; California jay’ (Whistler 1980: 7) \ee This was translated as ‘magpie,’ although there is another word for this species: ͽʔaʔtšʔatš. Other translations clearly identify this as a scrub jay. \xv 1. lokatšʔay ʔan tšqiłtšətš ʔi šaštəwəkʰš \xe 'the scrub jay is skyblue.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; FL \rf 71.438.2, 641.1-642.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tšʔeq \rd tšʔeqtšʔeq \a tsʔeq \va (tsʔeq) \cf aqułtšʔeq \ce to split smth \cf axtšʔeq \ce to slice with one's teeth \cf ketšʔeq \ce to split down the middle by cutting \cf nitšʔeq \ce to split \cf suwetsʔek \ce to spread smn's legs \cf šuwatitšʔeq \ce to split apart as when breaking a thing in two \cf tšʔeqtšʔeq \ce to be split; to be cracked \cf tšʔequtš \ce smth split \cf uštšʔeq \ce to part hair \cf witšwitšʔeq \ce to whittle \cf witšʔeq \ce to split smth \cf witšʔeqeš \ce accumulation of chips \cf yaxtšʔeq \ce to split junco \se I \ps n \ge crack \de crack \xv 1. no ʔan huksutiqip lokatšʔeq \xe 'I am going to caulk this crack.' \xv 2. tštapi heʔištšʔeqtšʔeʔeq sipon̓ kilaka salimayəʔə \xe 'he gets into the cracks of boards and passes the day.' \xv 3. lokaplatu kaʔałtšʔeq \xe 'the cracked plate.' \se II \ps v \ge crack \ge split \de to crack; to split \xv 1. tšitšʔeqš \xe 'they three+ are cracked.' \xv 2. lakʰan tštšʔeq payikʔula mitʔi \xe 'even if it is a little cracked.' \xv 3. tštšʔeqtšʔeq hemišup ʔišnalutš \xe 'the ground is cracked where he went.' \xv 4. tštšʔeqtšʔeq hemišup \xe 'this earth is cracked.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.341.4-343.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tšʔeqtšʔeq \ps v \ge cracked, be \ge split, be \de to be split; to be cracked \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce to crack; to split \xv 1. tštšʔeqtšʔeq hemišup \xe 'this earth is cracked.' \xv 2. neʔekayusaxsəw heʔišolop, neʔeštšeqtšeq \xe 'the mud is drying, it is cracking in every direction.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.342.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšʔequtš \ps n \ge split, smth \de smth split \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce to crack; to split \xv 1. lokaštšʔequtš \xe 'the thing that is split.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.343.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tšʔənaʔaš \ps n \ge strength (of bitter, spicy, etc. food) \de strength (of bitter, spicy, etc. food) \xv 1. hesiletši ʔan tsʰeqenus lokaštšʔənəʔəš kakapʰe \xe 'the milk kills the bitterness of the coffee.' \xv 2. tštšʔənaʔaš ʔitšili \xe 'the spicyness of the chili.' \sd food \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 91.344.3-4 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx tšʔəpək \a tšəʔpək \va (tšəʔpək) \ps n \ge beaver \de beaver \gn cienega \dn cienega \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI čʼipɨkʼ ‘beaver,’ INZ čʼɨpɨk ‘beaver’ (Harrington 1986: 20.931; SYBCI 2007: 476) \xv 1. lokatšʔəpək ʔan tsʔapʰa \xe 'the beaver has a house.' \xv 2. tšʔap ʔi tšəʔpək \xe 'beaver's home' (swamp, mouth of river, etc.). \xv 3. tsuwoloyinwu sipon̓ tsexnekeywu loʔkaweleqenpì kapon̓ \xe '[the beaver] topples over trees he gnaws them on the side toward which the tree leans.' \xv 4. loʔkatšəʔpə̀kʰ ʔan tšʔapʰa he ʔispanayəʔə̀w suʔutʔam kaʔloʔkakitʰwonpi kaʔo \xe 'the beaver lives at the border of a river or spring.' \sd animals \sd mammals \lg JPH \rf 71.722.2-724.2; 72.174 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tšʔəqəy \cf tšʔəqʰəy \ce tapeworm \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšʔəqʰəy \a tšʔəqəy \va (tšʔəqəy) \ps n \ge tapeworm \de tapeworm \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 70.88.2; 71.229.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx tšʔimuyaš \ps n \ge fish species \de fish species \sd fish \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 81.161.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx tšʔinoqš \ps n \ge groove \de groove \mr [] \cf inoqš \ce to cut down (a tree) \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \cf šutšʔinoqš \ce to groove around (horizontally); to make a (horizontal) groove around \xv 1. keqwelus ʔištšʔinoqš \xe 'I make a groove or narrow place around table leg.' \xv 2. tšištšʔinoqš \xe 'there are two grooves.' \xv 3. masəx ʔištšʔinoqš \xe 'it has three grooves.' \xv 4. musʔił hałtštšʔinoqš \xe 'it does not have grooves.' \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.345.1-3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx tšʔišow \ps n \ge charcoal \ge carbon \de charcoal; carbon \cf ʔixša \ce ash \xv 1. tšmayutš hešitšʔišow \xe 'this carbon is extinguished.' \xv 2. pakeʔet ʔitšʔišow (Ϟor pakeʔet šitšʔišow) \xe 'one piece of charcoal.' \sd elements \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 91.345.4-346.1 \dt 24/Nov/2018 \lx tšʔiwi \a tšʔiwì \ps n \ge ground squirrel \de ground squirrel \ee This is Humaliwo dialect. \xv 1. kikatssununa ʔišnəw kisaxinaʔał, “napay hułtšʔiwì tšupqitəwəsùs he kapwopo.” \xe 'And he [Coyote] began to sing and dance, “The squirrel jumps up so that he [may] see your grandfather.” ' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \sd dialects \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Roadrunner146-147/69.1095.1; 71.795.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx tšʔohoyiʔi \cf tsʔohoy \ce other; next; neighbor; different \sd variations \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx tšʔopʔił \ps n \ge towhee species \de towhee species \ee Described as a small brown bird. This could refer to the California towhee ϞPipilo Ϟcrissalis, although the scientific name Harrington gives, ϞPipilo Ϟmaculatus, refers to the spotted towhee. \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.637.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx tšʔoq \rd tšʔoqtšʔoʔoq \ps n \ge blackbird \de blackbird \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI čʼoq ‘blackbird,’ CRZ čʼoqʰ ‘blackbird (chanate)’ INZ čʼoq ‘blackbird,’ PUY tšʼoqʼo̥ ‘blackbird’ (Whistler 1980: 52; Klar 1977: 76; Harrington 1986: 3.6.543) \xv 1. tšiyaxatʔaʔatš šiʔtšʔoqʰ \xe 'the blackbirds are all singing discordantly as they do.' \xv 2. tsiwon šitšʔoqʰ \xe 'the blackbird sounds his note.' \xv 3. ʔaxinaləš ʔi tšʔoqʰ \xe 'dance of the blackbirds.' \xv 4. kʰqisənwu ʔiškom̓ sitšʔoqʰwilìlì \xe 'I see two flocks of blackbirds.' \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH \rf Whistler 1980: 52; Klar 1977: 76; SYBCI 2007: 112 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx tšʔoqtšʔoʔoq \ps n \ge blackbird.REDUP \de blackbird.REDUP \cf tšʔoq \ce blackbird \sd reduplications \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx u- \a ʔu- \ps vpre \ge COND \de conditional prefix \ee This prefix is glossed as COND. \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd modals \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx -u \ps vsuf \ge Q \de yes/no interrogative verb suffix \ee This suffix forms a question that is answered with a ‘yes’ or ‘no.’ Glossed as Q. \xv 1. xaʔaxu ; hìhìʔi̥, xaʔax \xe 'it is big? ; yes, it is big.' \xv 2. punaqmiłwaʔašù? ; hį hį kaʔ nó \xe 'you got up early to get water?' ; 'yes yes, I did.' \xv 3. ki pi, muhupiwišitu ? kišʰinʔin siʔixpanəš \xe 'and you, do you not want to go with me? we two will go acorning.' \xv 4. masəxú hałlyos ? ; mə, pakeʔet silyos saʔałtsaqtawasə \xe 'are there three gods? no, one god, it is the truth.' \xv 5. tsʔilu soʔo losimaha ? \xe 'is there water there in the canyon?' \xv 6. hukí ʔatʔaxatš hamu xʔanwàù ? \xe 'is it a male or a female?' (said of asking about a newborn). \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd voice \lg TJPH \rf 91.528.3; Greetings11 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -uʔus \ps vsuf \ge APL.REDUP \de applicative suffix.REDUP \ee Glossed as APL.REDUP. \cf -us \ce applicative suffix \sd reduplications \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ul- \ps vpre \ge of motion along a line \ge line, of motion along a \ge INSTR.line \de of motion along a line \ee Mamet (2008) combines this prefix with the prefix ͽulu- in some instances. Note that the semantics of directness are extended to related semantics of anger or vigor. Glossed as INSTR.line. \cf alisuyułnałnaʔał \ce to frown at many at night \cf ašulap \ce to invite \cf maxsuleqpey \ce to lead by rope \cf suyułnałnaʔał \ce to frown at many \cf uleqpeneš \ce to go in file \cf uleqpey \ce to follow behind/after \cf ułkumeli \ce to go directly to; to make a bee-line for \cf ułyamli \ce to descend vigorously; to go down vigorously \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ula- \cf ʔula- \ce conditional verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 21/Jun/2018 \lx ulaxay \ps v \ge between, be \de to be between \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalulaxay \pde to be between.NZ \cf sulaxay \ce to put between two things \xv 1. kʔalulaxay \xe 'I slept between [two women].' \xv 2. liyək ʔan tsulaxay \xe 'it is in the middle.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH \rf 89.273.4; 91.363.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx uleqpeneš \ps v \ge go in file \de to go in file \mr [] \sy ikumeqteleletš \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \cf uleqpey \ce to follow behind/after \xv 1. tšiyuleqpeneš \xe 'they go one behind the other.' \sd verbs \sd motions \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.603.1; 93.305.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uleqpey \a úléqʰpéy \a uleqʰpey \ps v \ge follow behind/after \de to follow behind/after \mr [] \et *pey \ec Compare BOI ʼuleqpey ‘to follow,’ INZ uleq-pey ‘to follow,’ OBI tuspi ‘to follow’ (Klar 1977: 86) \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \cf maxsuleqpey \ce to lead by rope \cf uleqpeneš \ce to go in file \xv 1. tsuleqpey \xe 'he follows behind.' \xv 2. tsuleqpeyit \xe 'he is coming behind me.' \xv 3. tsiyuleqpeyus \xe 'they 3+ are following behind him.' \xv 4. tsuleqpeyus lokaswop \xe 'he is going behind his child.' \xv 5. xuan ʔan ʔaleqpeyus lokasʔami \xe 'Juan resembles his older brother.' \xv 6. no kayukałwalinaʔał, kʰoko ʔan husuleqpeyit \xe 'I am going first, my father after.' \xv 7. lokaʔišʔaluleqpey kasʔəłʔəʔəł ʔan kałtsunuwus ʔišapałhay \xe 'his two rear legs he uses to jump with.' \xv 8. payikʔulahuki ʔan pałwatšʔəw ʔalałpay ʔan tsuleqpeyus lokamakał \xe 'anything you throw up into the air the bat follows it.' \xv 9. kʰan ʔisiqisə šaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tsiyuleqpeyus kisiyaxiteqpey heʔismət, kikasʰuxsuxniwu \xe 'when they see a man they follow after him and stick themselves all over his back, and he keeps chasing or frightening them off by waving his arms.' \xv 10. lokaluleqpeyus \xe 'the one that follows it.' \sd common \sd motion \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.2.4; 91.364.2-366.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ułham \ps v \ge bore for \de to bore for \ee It is unclear how this differs from the causative ͽsułham. \xv 1. kułhamił losiptu \xe 'I am going to bore your ears for you.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.367.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uliʔiš \a uliš \a uliiš \va (uliiš, uliš) \ps v \ge catch \ge take \ge grab \de to take; to catch; to grab \mr [] \cf ʔuliš \ce handle \cf ʔulišʔetš \ce to have a handle \cf ʔulišmu \ce handle \cf ʔulišutš \ce captive; prisoner \cf aktuliʔiš \ce to come to take \cf aluliʔiš \ce to cling to \cf apuliʔiš \ce to grab smth suddenly \cf šušuliʔiš \ce to make take; to make grab \cf šuyuliʔiš \ce to go to grab ahold of; to want to grab ahold of \cf tatʔuliʔiš \ce to hold firm \cf watuliʔiš \ce to grab in passing \xv 1. kuliʔiš \xe 'I take hold of, seize hold of with my hand.' \xv 2. kuliʔìš \xe 'I took' (the train). \xv 3. kuliʔiš saʔalaxuwəł \xe 'I caught a coyote.' \xv 4. uliʔiš kipsukitwo ! \xe 'fish it out!' (imperative). \xv 5. ulišit hesikʔoqwo ! \xe 'grab my hair!' \xv 6. uliš ! \xe 'take it!' ; 'catch it!' \xv 7. ʔišulišaš ! \xe 'grab ye each other!' \xv 8. tšoxonišpi šuʔamuliʔiš \xe 'he is afraid of them catching him' (said of a fugitive from justice). \xv 9. mupušʰo luskumli hemišup ! \xe 'do not let it fall on the ground!' \xv 10. tšulišit hesikʔəł \xe 'I have gotten my feet tangled with something when swimming.' \xv 11. tšuliʔiš saʔaliyaš \xe 'he took the street' (used from Spanish influence). \xv 12. hukuliʔiš lokatsʔohoy kaʔaliyaš \xe 'I am going to take the other road.' \xv 13. kuliʔiš siʔipey̓ \xe 'I caught a cold.' \xv 14. huksiwałyam ʔapuliš \xe 'I am going to throw it down so that you will catch it.' \xv 15. sikatu ʔan hušulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'a cat will catch the rats.' \xv 16. ʔəhə šitšotšonəʔəš šikaluliʔiš \xe 'I caught a lot of fish.' \xv 17. kikašnetuswu ʔišulišwu \xe 'and thus catches them.' \xv 18. kikakuliʔiš siʔautomobil \xe 'I got in an automobile.' \xv 19. neʔešuliʔiš lokakšinayəʔəš \xe 'my trap has caught him.' \xv 20. kʰan ʔišiyulišwu soʔonyoko \xe 'when they catch sharks.' \xv 21. huksiwałyam ʔapuliš \xe 'I am going to throw it down so that you will catch it,' (notice the form without ͽuliš, not ͽuliʔiš here, evidently used of a quick single motion). \xv 22. kuliʔiš knuwantspakeʔet \xe 'I took ahold of it with a hand.' \xv 23. kəwə lokašaktinayutš ʔan lakʰan ʔaluliʔiš \xe 'it went on the same road that it came on.' \xv 24. tšuliʔiš lokaštałhəw kištekełhem \xe 'she picked up her baby and carried it in her arms.' \xv 25. lasʰakałhaʔanli kikašulišwu lokatšotšonəʔəš, kʔuwe musaqləwunwu \xe 'he merely seizes them in his mouth, he does not swallow them.' \xv 26. (si)nelahušaqtšum san diego, ʔan hušišpiwetš heʔisʔap \xe 'if she likes San Diego, she will sell her house here.' \xv 27. tšʰuyuliʔiš lokaxʔanwa ʔan tskʔilikitwo hesoʔo \xe 'he went to grab hold of the woman but she rushed out of the water.' \xv 28. hesixʔanwa ʔan munašulišwaš hałʔatʔaxatš \xe 'this girl has never had any man' (a way to say someone is a virgin). \xv 29. hukuliʔiš hešiknuxš, kimuhukyutʔuxš hałwaxanəš \xe 'I am going to hold my nose (because of the bad smell) so I won’t smell the shit.' \xv 30. loʔismaʔam santa malya, munašulišwaš hałʔatʔaxatš, tseqweł lokaʔenhešeš \xe 'in the Virgin Mary, still a virgin. Conceived by the Holy Spirit.' \xv 31. lasʰuyuskumuʔus kuhušuliʔiš kʔuwe mušahaʔaš kiwəməʔək \xe 'the baby was reaching out its arms to take hold of its mother but could not reach her for she was too far away.' \xv 32. latšə ʔišiyuliʔiš, šaʔaliyaš, musʔił ʔiʔaloxonišpi, mitʔi ʔiʔaliyaš ʔan latšə ʔisiyutiyəkli \xe 'mules always take the road, they fear nothing, and even if the trail is only a narrow trail they always stick to it.' \xv 33. hasitolu ʔan tsʔił tšaʔuliyaš ʔan tsxmen lokašə kikamusiyam kəwə tšʰəhətš, tsʔił sikuʔw, ʔan tsiyołkʔoli kika siyuliʔiš lokaʔaliyaš \xe 'at El Toro was a road and the bank and they did not go down that place for it was steep. there was liveoak, and they turned out around it and got the road again.' \sd motion \sd verbs \sd idioms \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.36.3; 91.367.4-378.4; Daughter21 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uliiš \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \sd variations \dt 05/Sep/2011 \lx uliqip \ps v \ge plug a gopher hole (with earth) \de to plug a gopher hole (with earth) \ee Harrington notes that his speaker heard this word applied to this action only, and to nothing else. This verb cannot be used of plugging a crack as far as Harrington’s speaker knew. \mr [] \sy sutiqip \cf iqip \ce to fill; to be full \xv 1. no ʔan kuliqip \xe 'I take dirt and plug a gopher hole with it.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.377.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uliš \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \sd variations \dt 05/Sep/2011 \lx ułkumeli \ps v \ge go directly to \ge make a bee-line for \de to go directly to; to make a bee-line for \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumeʔeł \ce to move straight (to) \xv 1. no ʔan kułkumeli \xe 'I go walking briskly straight along as if annoyed.' \sd verbs \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.388.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ułkuw \a ułku \va (ułku; ułkuw̥) \ps v \ge night(time), be \de to be night(time) \ee Note the variation with a final voiceless ͽw̥. The final consonant ͽ–w may not be an underlying part of this word. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI s-ulkuw ‘to be night/dark’, INZ ulkuw ‘to be night/dark,’ OBI ł-tʸimi ‘to be night/dark’ (Klar 1977: 118-119) \cf ʔalułkuwitš \ce one who inspires fear; feared one \cf ʔułkuw \ce night; nighttime \cf aqułkuw \ce to wake up early; to get up early \cf kasułkuw \ce last night \cf kaswalułkuw \ce night before last \cf maquyułku \ce to become dusk \cf maxayułku \ce to be dark \cf maxuyułkuw \ce to get dark; to get dark on (smn); to obstruct one’s view \cf unaqułkuw \ce to go out at dawn \cf wasułkuw \ce tonight \cf wasułkuwiniʔiy \ce tomorrow night \xv 1. tsułkuw̥ \xe 'it is night.' \xv 2. neʔesułkuw̥ \xe 'it is already night.' \xv 3. kikanawa sułkuw ʔan tsiyʔuwit šipštə \xe 'and in the night the lice bit me.' \xv 4. tsalinałnaʔał ʔi sułku \xe 'he goes about at night.' \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 91.391.1-391.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ułkuwitš \ps v \ge inspire respect to the point of fear \de to inspire respect to the point of fear \cf ʔalułkuwitš \ce one who inspires fear; feared one \xv 1. tšʔalukuwitš \xe 'he is a very respected man, seriously, so that they even fear him.' \sd manner \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.274.4; 91.392.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ułmiʔit \ps v \ge hunt deer \de to hunt deer \ee The priests commanded certain Indians to hunt deer. \xv 1. hukułmiʔit \xe 'I am going to hunt deer.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \sd hunting \lg JPH \rf 91.392.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ułnetpi \cf ałnetpi \ce to happen to \sd variations \dt 19/Nov/2011 \lx ułpsuyuyu \ps v \ge drizzling, be \de to be drizzling \mr ?[] \xv 1. tsułpsuyuyu \xe 'it is drizzling.' \sd verbs \sd meteorology \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.315.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ułtet \ps v \ge grind coarse meal sifted from fine meal \de to grind coarse meal sifted from fine meal \ee Grind toasted corn coarsely in mortar and sift to separate fine meal. \cf ʔułteteš \ce ground meal sifted from fine meal \xv 1. hukułtet \xe 'I am going to grind fine what remains coarse from the sifting.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 91.393.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ułtšawawa \ps v \ge steam \ge give off steam \de to steam; to give off steam \cf ʔalułtšawawa \ce steam; vapor \xv 1. tšułtšawawa \xe 'it is giving off steam' (as boiling water does). \xv 2. hesoʔo ʔan tsipyototo kišułtšawawa \xe 'the water is boiling and giving off steam.' \xv 3. qisə lošalułtšawawa \xe 'look at the steam.' \sd water \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 89.275.1; 91.393.4-1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ulu- \ps vpre \ge of movement into \ge into, of movement \ge INSTR.into \de of movement into \ee Mamet (2008) combines this prefixes with the prefix ͽul- in some instances. Glossed as INSTR.into. \cf šulałtapi \ce to toss into \cf uliqip \ce to plug a gopher hole (with earth) \cf ułpsuyuyu \ce to be drizzling \cf ulumalawa \ce to be eight-pronged \cf ulumasəx \ce to be three-pronged \cf ulumuy \ce to stick a stick into fire (for the purpose of straightening) \cf ulupakeʔet \ce to have one prong \cf ulusəx \ce to wedge into \cf ulutap \ce to put a stick into \cf ulutu \ce to be two-pronged \cf ulutskumu \ce to be four-pronged \cf uluwašyət \ce to draw near to \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \sd path \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ulumalawa \ps v \ge eight-pronged, be \de to be eight-pronged \mr [] \cf malawa \ce eight \xv 1. tsulumalawa \xe 'it is eight-pronged.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 88.282.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ulumasəx \ps v \ge three-pronged, be \de to be three-pronged \mr [] \cf masəx \ce three \xv 1. tsulumasəx (Ϟor ʔalulumasəx) \xe 'it has three prongs.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 88.282.1 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx ulumuy \ps v \ge stick a stick into fire (for the purpose of straightening) \de to stick a stick into fire (for the purpose of straightening) \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan hukulumuy \xe 'I am going to stick a stick into the fire.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.394.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ulupakeʔet \ps v \ge prong, have one \de to have one prong \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \cf sulupakʔa \ce I. deer (young and without branching horns) II. to quickly insert one’s penis into \xv 1. tsulupakeʔet \xe 'it [the fawn] has one prong.' \xv 2. no ʔan kulupakeʔet \xe 'I have one prong' (said by deer himself). \sd verbs \sd animals \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 88.282.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ulusəx \ps v \ge wedge into \de to wedge into \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan kulusəx \xe 'I push (a knife blade) into a crack tight.' \sd verbs \sd position \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.394.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ulutap \ps v \ge put a stick into \de to put a stick into \ee Harrington thought that this word might be a mistake for ͽqulutap, but the speaker notes that the word was acceptable and meaningful. \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \xv 1. tšulutapšəši \xe 'he put a stick into himself' (mouth or anus). \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.394.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ulutu \ps v \ge two-pronged, be \de to be two-pronged \mr [] \xv 1. tsulutu (Ϟor ʔalulutu) \xe 'it is two-pronged.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 88.282.1 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx ulutskumu \ps v \ge four-pronged, be \de to be four-pronged \mr [] \cf tskumu \ce four \xv 1. tsulutskumu \xe 'it has four prongs.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 88.282.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uluwašyət \ps v \ge draw near to \de to draw near to \mr [] \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. tšuluwašyət \xe 'he draws near to where the people are and stares at the people without moving his head from side to side.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.395.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ułwax \ps v \ge cut strip of \de to cut strip of \cf ʔułwaxəš \ce strip (of meat, etc.) \xv 1. kułwaxš \xe 'I cut strips.' \xv 2. kułwax saʔaxwi \xe 'I cut strips of hide.' \xv 3. kułwax ʔišlewutš ʔišpaxiwaš ʔišiʔiw \xe 'I cut strips of elk hide.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd clothes \sd hunting \lg JPH \rf 91.395.3-4, 396.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ułyamli \ps v \ge descend vigorously \ge go down vigorously \de to descend vigorously; to go down vigorously \mr [] \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. hukułyamli \xe 'I am going to come down vigorously.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.381.4 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx umaxyət \cf ušmaxyət \ce to pull; to be pulled by undertow \ee Believed to be a variant of ͽušmaxyət. \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx umu \ps vroot \ge bring to \de to bring to \cf ʔałtšaqtišumuš \ce kind of sorcery/magic \cf alumu \ce to counsel \cf aqsumu \ce to test smth; to try smth; to taste smth; to prove \cf aqtišumuš \ce to conjure \cf susumun \ce to sic on \sd vroots \sd roots \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx un- \cf uni- \ce in the morning; having to do with the morning \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx una- \cf uni- \ce in the morning; having to do with the morning \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx unapəti \ps v \ge go up in the daytime \de to go up in the daytime \mr [] \cf alapəti \ce to climb up at night \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \xv 1. hukunapəti \xe 'I am going to climb in the day time.' \sd routine \sd verbs \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.162; 91.397.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx unaqmił \ps v \ge get water early (in the morning) \de to get water early (in the morning) \mr [] \cf aqmiʔił \ce to fetch water \cf aqmił \ce to drink \xv 1. “punaqmiłwaʔašù” ; “hį hį kaʔ nó” \xe “you got up early to get water, [did you not?] ; “yes yes, I did [as well].” \sd water \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf Greetings11 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx unaqšimiš \ps v \ge ?give less \de ?to give less \xv 1. hukunaqšimišił \xe 'I am going to give you less.' \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 91.396.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx unaqułkuw \ps v \ge go out at dawn \de to go out at dawn \mr [] \cf aqułkuw \ce to wake up early; to get up early \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \xv 1. hukunaqułkuw \xe 'I am going to go out at dawn (always).' \sd verbs \sd meteorology \sd motion \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.397.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx unaxskuta \a unaxškuta \va (unaxškuta) \ps v \ge eat in the morning \de to eat in the morning \mr [] \sy unuʔuw \cf kuta \ce to get up; to slope up \xv 1. no ʔan hukunaxškuta sitimew \xe 'I am going to breakfast on a rabbit in the morning.' \xv 2. mupunaxskuta kanawa hupkunpisał, ulasʔił kiyatskaw \xe 'arrive on an empty stomach and confess, if we have another mortal sin.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \sd routine \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.398.1-2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx unexmeš \a unexméš \ps v \ge despair \ge lose hope \de to despair; to lose hope \xv 1. neʔekunexmeš \xe 'I have no hope' ; 'I am already losing hope.' \xv 2. tšiyunexmeš \xe 'they are already losing hope.' \xv 3. no ʔan kunexmeš \xe 'I have lost all hope.' \xv 4. há unexmeš xwetét ! \xe 'aha! Frog, you will see!' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.398.3-399.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uni- \a un- \va (un-, una-, unu-) \ps vpre \ge in the morning \ge morning, in the \ge INSTR.morning \de in the morning; having to do with the morning \ee Glossed as INSTR.morning. \cf suniqəwə \ce to ebb in the morning; to go out in the morning (said of low tide) \cf unapəti \ce to go up in the daytime \cf unaqmił \ce to get water early (in the morning) \cf unaqułkuw \ce to go out at dawn \cf unaxskuta \ce to eat in the morning \cf unikepleł \ce to bathe in the morning \cf unikuta \ce to wake up very early \cf uninaxyəʔəʔət \ce to occur very early in the morning \cf uninaxyət \ce to occur in the morning \cf uninəw \ce to sing in the morning \cf uninikʰət \ce to bring in the morning \cf unitowš \ce to fight in the morning \cf uniwəwə \ce to dance at night (a specific dance) \cf unuʔuw \ce to breakfast; to eat in the morning \cf unuʔuxš \ce to stink in the morning \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd chronometry \lg TJPH \rf 89.162, 203.1; 91.641.1; 92.512.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx unikepleł \ps v \ge bathe in the morning \de to bathe in the morning \mr [] \cf keʔep \ce to be clean; to bathe oneself; to clean oneself \cf keʔepleł \ce to bathe \xv 1. no ʔan hukunikepleł \xe 'I am going to take my morning bath.' \xv 2. tšʔnaxyətiʔi kisunikepleʔeʔeł kiša tuštol lokaxʔanwa nastəʔəʔəʔ munašnapay hesoʔo \xe 'the next morning he went to a bath very early and surprised the woman still in the water.' \xv 3. tskuʔum pakeʔet šiʔišaw kikasunikepleł lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tšuštəł pakeʔet soʔoqwo hesoʔo \xe 'one day when the man went to bathe he found a hair in the water.' \sd verbs \sd routine \sd water \lg TJPH \rf 90.639.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx unikuta \ps v \ge wake up very early \de to wake up very early \mr [] \cf alikuta \ce to wake up at night \cf kuta \ce to get up; to slope up \xv 1. kunikuta \xe 'I wake up very early.' \xv 2. tsunikuta \xe 'he got up in the morning.' \xv 3. hukunikuta lanupaʔanuš naxyət \xe 'I am going to get up tomorrow early.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.402.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx unili \a uniʔlì \ps v \ge left over, be \ge remain \de to be left over; to remain \xv 1. heʔišyəwəš ʔan liyək kasunili \xe 'its head is at the middle of the coil.' \xv 2. lokapon̓ kalunili \xe 'the palo was left over.' \xv 3. lokapon̓ kaliyunili \xe 'the palos that remain.' \xv 4. ʔəhə saliyunili \xe 'there are many left over.' \xv 5. tsunili pakeʔet \xe 'one is left over.' \xv 6. tsiyunili malawa \xe 'eight are left over.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.402.4-403.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx unilikʔe \ps v \ge left (alone) smwh, be \de to be left (alone) smwh \mr [] \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \xv 1. tsunilikʔe \xe 'he was left alone.' \xv 2. no ʔan kunilikʔe \xe 'I was left alone.' \xv 3. hukunilikʔe ʔitisuʔutʔam (Ϟor hesuʔutʔam) \xe 'I am going to be in the river.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.403.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uninaxyəʔəʔət \ps v \ge occur very early in the morning \de to occur very early in the morning \mr [] \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \cf uninaxyət \ce to occur in the morning \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. kikaskepleʔeł, kʔuwe suninaxyəʔəʔət \xe 'and she went to bathe very early every morning.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.404.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uninaxyət \rd uninaxyəʔəʔət \ps v \ge occur in the morning \de to occur in the morning \mr [] \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \cf uninaxyəʔəʔət \ce to occur very early in the morning \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. tsuninaxyət \xe 'it is very early in the morning.' \xv 2. tsuninaxyət kaʔisiqsihi kaʔismayə \xe 'I took the medicine morning, noon, and night.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.404.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uninəw \ps v \ge sing in the morning \de to sing in the morning \mr [] \cf nəw \ce to sing \xv 1. ʔałtsuyuninəw \xe 'it sings in the morning' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.404.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uninikʰət \ps v \ge bring in the morning \de to bring in the morning \mr [] \xv 1. tsuninikʰət \xe 'he brings it in the morning.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.203.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx unitowš \ps v \ge fight in the morning \de to fight in the morning \mr [] \cf towš \ce to fight \xv 1. tsiyunitowš \xe 'they are fighting in the morning.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.405.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uniwəwə \ps v \ge dance at night (a specific dance) \de to dance at night (a specific dance) \ee The particular dance refered to by this word is not given in the translation. \mr [] \cf iwəwə \ce to quiver; to palpitate \cf niwəwə \ce ?to be in a hurry \xv 1. kuniwəwə \xe 'I dance at night a kind of dance'. \sd verbs \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.211.3; 91.405.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uniwił \ps v \ge halt smth \ge keep in check \de to halt smth; to keep in check \mr ?[] \xv 1. uniwiluswu losikawayu ! \xe 'go and get in front of the horses so they will go no further in that direction!' \xv 2. hukuniwiluswu \xe 'I am going to keep them in check.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.406.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uniyəʔəw \a uniyəw̓ \a uniyəw \va (uniyəw, uniyəw̓) \ps v \ge search for \de to search for \mr [] \cf aqpaluniyəw \ce to search with one's feet \cf aqtuniyəw \ce to come to look for; to come to search for \cf tipuniyəw \ce to look for a fight; to pick a quarrel \xv 1. no ʔan kayukaluniyəʔəw \xe 'I am going to search for it.' \xv 2. kšuwuniyəʔəw \xe 'we two are going to look.' \xv 3. kikawasiyuniyəʔəw \xe 'they went to find it.' \xv 4. hukuniyəw šimaqš \xe 'I am going to look for a firestone.' \xv 5. hukuniyəʔəw sixəp saʔałwał \xe 'I am going to hunt for a stone that has a whole in it.' \xv 6. tsiyuniyəw lokaswey (Ϟor lokasʔəq) kaʔutʔam \xe 'they seek or come to the mouth of the river.' \xv 7. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tskitwo tšuniyəʔəw lokanunašəš kʔuwe tšuštəł \xe 'the man went out hunting the devil and found him.' \xv 8. hukuniyəw sixalu sixaʔax kihuksuwesmes sipon̓, kihusiałpali siqʔonon, kihusiyapiyam, husiyiwałtapi hesixalu \xe 'I hunt a big can and traverse it with a stick and the rats go across it. \xv 9. kanawa sapitsʔe lokaxʔanwa kaʔalaxəwəł ʔan tsuniyəwwu kinelašiʔišmotš saʔalaxəwəł, kʰantšnehet lokaštəʔəniwaš \xe 'when the she-coyote is in heat she goes hunting male coyotes and then they get together; they are like the dogs.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.399.4-401.3; Devil2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx uniyəw \cf uniyəʔəw \ce to search for \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uniyəw̓ \cf uniyəʔəw \ce to search for \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx unu- \cf uni- \ce in the morning; having to do with the morning \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx unuʔuw \ps v \ge breakfast \ge eat in the morning \de to breakfast; to eat in the morning \mr [] \sy unaxškuta \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \xv 1. punuʔuw \xe 'you ate it in the morning.' \xv 2. tsunuʔuw lokaʔaqtəwəw \xe 'he ate wind in the morning.' \xv 3. hukunuʔuw hesaʔatoli \xe 'I am going to breakfast on some of this mush.' \xv 4. tsunuʔuw saʔakwałta \xe 'he breakfasted on the cuarta' (speaker heard them say this when making fun of a man whom they lashed as punishment instead of breakfasting). \sd verbs \sd common \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.407.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx unuʔuxš \ps v \ge stink in the morning \de to stink in the morning \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv unuʔuqtš \pde to stink in the morning.DIM \cf uxš \ce to stink; to smell bad; to smell strongly \xv 1. tšunuʔuqtš \xe 'there is a slight bad odor in the morning' (refers to the smell of cattle ?manure). \sd verbs \sd senses \sd animals \sd husbandry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.728.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx unuskuyus \ps vt \ge announce (to) \de to announce (to) \mr [] \cf šunuškuy \ce to promise; to settle on/announce something before it happens; to set a date \cf uškuy \ce to point at; to pertain to \xv 1. tsunuskuyuswu \xe 'he announced it to them.' \xv 2. tsunuskuyus šaʔaqšanəš \xe 'he gave word to him the plague.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.407.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uqmantštəkš \ps v \ge wash one's face \de to wash one's face \ee Harrington lists this form as ͽuqmantštəkš, which is not accurate with the morphology of the root ͽtəq. However, the only forms listed in examples are ͽuqmantštəkš. \mr [] \xv 1. hukuqmantštəkš kihuseqe lokakixsma kalokakpəhətš \xe 'I am going to wash my face so I will remove my sleepseed and my sore eyedness.' \xv 2. kuqmantštəkš kikanawa ktšoho ʔan knukitwo hekoʔo kikwatšʔəw \xe 'I washed my face (and hands) and when I finished I carried the water out doors and threw it out.' \cf təq \ce eye/face \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.356.3-4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx uqpuy \ps v \ge slop water onto \de to slop water onto \mr [] \cf puy \ce dew \cf uxpuy \ce to blow water; to spout \xv 1. kuqpuy \xe 'I slop water out on [the] floor, etc.' \xv 2. kwałpsuy \xe 'I sprinkle water with my fingers.' \sd water \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.357.1 \dt 03/Jul/2018 \lx uqštahay \a uqʰštahay \ps v \ge red, be \de to be red \cf ʔaliqštahay \ce smth red \cf apuqštahay \ce to become red (immediately) \cf kʔituqštahay \ce to be reddish \cf šuqštahay \ce to illuminate; to give light to; to dye red \cf tuuqštahay \ce to be slightly red \cf utuqštahay \ce to quickly become red \cf xitʔuqštahay \ce to be reddish \xv 1. tšuqštahay \xe 'it is red.' \xv 2. ʔaluqštahay \xe 'it is red.' \xv 3. kʔaluqštahay \xe 'I am red.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd colors \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.358.2-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx uqt- \cf uqtʔ- \ce by internal heat \sd variations \dt 26/Jun/2018 \lx uqtiyəʔəʔəw \ge lack; to need (from lack of).REDUP \de to lack; to need (from lack of).REDUP \cf uqtiyəw \ce to lack; to need (from lack of) \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uqtiyəw \rd uqtiyəʔəʔəw \ps v \ge lack \ge need (from lack of) \de to lack; to need (from lack of) \cf aluqtiyəw \ce to lack; to need \xv 1. no ʔan kuqtiyəw \xe 'I need it [in the sense of feeling a lack of it].' \xv 2. no ʔan kuqtiyəw saʔap \xe 'I need a house.' \xv 3. palumuwus lokaʔaluqtiyəw \xe 'thou shalt counsel him who needs it.' \xv 4. hukikšił yəlaʔa sipaluqtiyəw \xe 'I am going to give you everything you want.' \xv 5. ʔəhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kaʔiskawkawayuʔu, kimusʔił hałʔaluqtiyew \xe 'he had a lot of cattle and horses and lacked nothing.' \xv 6. kaliyuqtiyəʔəʔəw lokasewu, kilokaʔałhaputš musiyuqtiyəw, husiyeqweł sixawon husisunuwus ʔisewu \xe 'they needed the tallow but did not miss the meat much, they made soap of the tallow.' \xv 7. hukipaluqtiyəw \xe 'what do you need/lack?' \xv 8. ksuyamli loʔkałʔuqtiyəw kixweteqpeyus ʔisʔamamə ka tomoł loʔkasaliwotoqloʔop \xe 'I make the sides descend, chopping them, as is necessary, I imitate the form of a canoe' (in working the keel, which is bottom up). \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 91.359.2-360.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx uqtkumu \ps v \ge trim arrow feathers with hot rock \de to trim arrow feathers with hot rock \ee This was done by drawing the hot coal steadily and slowly along the feather. \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \xv 1. hukuqtkumu \xe 'I trim the feathers of arrow with hot coal.' \sd verbs \sd heat \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.360.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uqtnowo \ps v \ge burn straight upwards \de to burn straight upwards \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. tsuqtnowo \xe 'the flame or the fire burns straight up high.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.361.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uqtʔ- \a uqt- \a uxt- \ps vpre \ge by internal heat \ge heat, by internal \ge INSTR.endothermic \de by internal heat \ee This prefix indicates that the verb is accomplished by the absorption of heat. Put more technically, this prefix indicates that verb is accomplished by an endothermic reaction. Glossed as INSTR.endothermic. \cf ʔuqtʔawəyəš \ce tortilla cooked on comal; smth baked on comal \cf uqtkumu \ce to trim arrow feathers with hot rock \cf uqtnowo \ce to burn straight upwards \cf uqtʔawəy \ce to cook (tortillas) on a comal; to cook (tortillas) on top of coals \cf uqtʔawəš \ce to roast on top of coals \cf uqtʔawəyəʔəš \ce soapstone slab used for cooking torillas or toasting grains \cf uxtišaw \ce to be warm \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd heat \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uqtʔawəš \ps v \ge roast on top of coals \de to roast on top of coals \ee This is likely the imperfect of ͽuqtʔawəy. \mr [] \cf awəy \ce to roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers) \cf uqtʔawəy \ce to cook (tortillas) on a comal; to cook (tortillas) on top of coals \xv 1. hukuqtʔawəš \xe 'I am going to roast it by laying it on top of the coals.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.363.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uqtʔawəy \ps v \ge cook (tortillas) on a comal \ge cook (tortillas) on top of coals \de to cook (tortillas) on a comal; to cook (tortillas) on top of coals \mr [] \sy tołiyatš \cf ʔuqtʔawəyəš \ce tortilla cooked on comal; smth baked on comal \cf awəy \ce to roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers) \cf uqtʔawəš \ce to roast on top of coals \xv 1. kuqtʔawəy \xe 'I cook a flour tortilla on top of the coals.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukuqtʔawəš \xe 'I am going to make tortillas.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.361.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uqtʔawəyəʔəš \ps n \ge soapstone slab used for cooking torillas or toasting grains \de soapstone slab used for cooking torillas or toasting grains \mr [] \sy kumali \sy šuštow \sy uštow \cf awəy \ce to roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers) \cf uqtʔawəy \ce to cook (tortillas) on a comal; to cook (tortillas) on top of coals \sd tools \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.362.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -us \a -ùs \a -ùs \rd -uʔus \a -yùs \a -wus \a -uš \a -uw \va (-uʔus, -uš, -uw) \ps vsuf \ge APL \de applicative suffix \ee This suffix allows non core, third person singular arguments to be promoted to core argument status. Generally these arguments are animate and human. Without an overt noun phrase to refer to, this suffix is often translated as a third person singular object (e.g., 'it/him/her'). Verbs requiring this suffix (or another object suffix) are glossed as vt., or transitive. Glossed as APL. \xv 1. kwašhu lokaʔatʔaxatš, kwašʰu lokaʔatʔaxatš, tsʔił sikʔamiwu ʔan tseqpeyus \xe 'I mistook the man, I have a friend whom he looks much like.' \xv 2. tskʔiteqpeyus \xe 'it resembles it somewhat.' \xv 3. ʔisukʔuyətuw hesipinəw! \xe 'sing ye nice.' \xv 4. laʔkʰan pqisə hałku ʔałkumeł ʔisenhes, ʔan weleqenuw \xe 'then you will see a man with a bad spirit, get rid of him!' \xv 5. kusnaluʔus \xe 'I am going to reach out and grasp a book.' \xv 6. hukakuskuyus heʔištəʔəniwáš \xe 'I am going to aim at this dog with an arrow.' \xv 7. tsiyutałtəwuswu lokaʔaleman (Ϟor tsiwatʔałtəwuswu lokaʔaleman) \xe 'they are enemies of the Germans.' \xv 8. lokasihinwot ʔan tsalumuwuswu lokasʰinku \xe 'the chief counseled the people.' \xv 9. kaqutasəwuswu \xe 'I asked them.' \xv 10. tsamʔip ʔan latšə ʔisatʔamli kaypi kisamtənus ʔanatʔamam \xe 'they say that it always likes to go in the canyon rivers and therefore they call him ͽʔanatʔamam' (raccoon). \xv 11. no ʔan kaxsusus sixəp \xe 'I desire a stone.' \xv 12. no ʔan kaxsususwu sixəp \xe 'I desire two stones.' \xv 13. ksutapinwu \xe 'I stuck the chickens in the chickencoop.' \xv 14. hukiqipuswu \xe 'I am going to shut the door and shut them in.' \xv 15. hesiletši ʔan tsʰeqenus lokaštšʔənəʔəš kakapʰe \xe 'the milk kills the strength of the coffee.' \xv 16. huknəwuswuʔu \xe 'I am going to sing to them three plus.' \xv 17. kikašnetuswu ʔišulišwu \xe 'and thus catches them.' \xv 18. no ʔan ksoxnonus ʔisxono səʔəqəy \xe 'I suspect him of having stolen a chicken.' \xv 19. no ʔan hukwaqšik \xe 'I am going to paint it.' \xv 20. hukwaqšikus hesilamesa \xe 'I am going to paint this table.' \xv 21. hukwaqsikus ʔan huksəkəyəmi \xe 'I mark a line.' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd inflectional \lg TJPH \rf 89.290.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx usnal- \cf ušnaʔał \ce to reach out for and grab \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2011 \lx uspay- \ps v \de to dig \cf ušpay \ce to dig \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2011 \lx uspete- \ps v \de to wipe onself clean \cf ušpete \ce to wipe onself clean \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2011 \lx usqetʔe \cf ušqetʔe \ce to press on with one’s hands/fingers \sd variations \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ustalasə \ps v \ge knead \de to knead \xv 1. kutstalasə \xe 'I knead dough with my hands.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 91.423.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ustap \ps v \ge row \de to row \mr [] \cf ʔuštap \ce oar \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \xv 1. kustap \xe 'he is rowing himself along.' \xv 2. tsustap \xe 'he rows.' \xv 3. ʔiyustap ʔinapiyətuw ! \xe 'row ye hard!' \xv 4. huksutapi hesikʔułya hesikʔaniyu \xe 'I am going to put my ring on.' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd tomol \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.423.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ustopokʔi \cf uštopokʔi \ce to shove along; to push along \sd variations \dt 06/Sep/2011 \lx ustʔey \ps v \ge rest one's hand on \ge occupied with, be \de to rest one’s hand on; to be occupied with \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalušteš \ce smn who cures people by rubbing them \cf ʔustʔeymu \ce occupation \cf watustʔey \ce to touch in passing \xv 1. kustʔey \xe 'I lay my hand on it and touch it' (do not grasp it). \xv 2. kʰan simusʔił lukʔalustʔey \xe 'if I am not occupied.' \xv 3. lakʰan susəhə sukʔalustʔey ʔan muhukyətini naxyət \xe 'in the event that I have much to do, I will not return tomorrow.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.424.2-4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ustsʔəmə \a uštšʔəmə \a utšʔəmə \a ustšəmə \a ustsəʔmən \va (ustsəʔmə, ustsʔəmən-, ustšəmə-, uštšʔəmə-) \ps vt \ge bury \de to bury \cf ʔałʔaluštšʔəmətš \ce grave-digger; undertaker \cf ʔuštšʔəmənəš \ce smth buried \cf ʔuštšʔəmətšmu \ce cemetery \cf tayuštšʔəmə \ce to bury suddenly; to bury immediately \xv 1. tšuštšʔəmətšəši hesiqas ka hesixəpxəʔəp \xe 'the clam burries himself in the sand.' \xv 2. tšiyuštšʔəmətšəši lokaʔałʔoʔotš kaqas \xe 'it burries itself in the wet sand.' \xv 3. hukušpay hemišup, kuhukustsʔəmə hekakʰqo \xe 'I am going to bury my dog.' \xv 4. hukustsʔəmə \xe 'I am going to cover it [the fire] with earth.' \xv 5. hupustsʔəmənwu lokašaqšaqšanuʔutš \xe 'thou shalt bury the dead.' \xv 6. no ʔan kustsʔəmə hesikʰqo heʔisiphoʔo ʔiškom̓ šiʔišaw kištiyam \xe 'I buried my dog, the mound sank down lower in two days.' \xv 7. hukutsʔəmənił \xe 'I am going to bury thee' (after thou art dead). \xv 8. hukustsʔəmə lahuknəkəkš \xe 'I am going to bury it.' \xv 9. tsamustsʔəmə \xe 'they are burying him.' \xv 10. hā no ʔan hukpošotš neł pałnehet pi ʔan pʰałwe putšʔəmətšaši heʔsinə, xaʔax \xe 'aha! I have to know why you were sleeping, you are buried in this fire.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.45.1-47.2; Travels3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uswis \ps v \ge shred with fingers \de to shred with fingers \ee This was said of shredding various plant fibers. \mr [] \xv 1. kuswis \xe 'I shred (fiber), pull it apart with fingers.' \xv 2. neʔeʔušwišwaš \xe 'it is already shredded.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.427.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -uswu \ps vsuf \ge APL+NSG \ee Combination of applicative and non singular number suffixes. \mr [<-us (ϡaplϡ) + -wu (ϡnsgϡ)>] \xv 1. lokasihinwot ʔan tsalumuwuswu lokasʰinku \xe 'the chief counseled the people.' \xv 2. tsiyutałtəwuswu lokaʔaleman (Ϟor tsiwatʔałtəwuswu lokaʔaleman) \xe 'they are enemies of the Germans.' \xv 3. kaqutasəwuswu \xe 'I asked them.' \xv 4. no ʔan kaxsusus sixəp \xe 'I desire a stone.' \xv 5. no ʔan kaxsususwu sixəp \xe 'I desire two stones.' \xv 6. ksutapinwu \xe 'I stuck the chickens in the chickencoop.' \xv 7. hukiqipuswu \xe 'I am going to shut the door and shut them in.' \xv 8. lokapali ʔan tsikutiyətuswu lokakuhkuʔu \xe 'the padres tamed the people.' \xv 9. huknəwuswuʔu \xe 'I am going to sing to them three plus.' \xv 10. neʔekseqenuswu yəlaʔa \xe 'I have finished taking it apart' (lit., took off all). \xv 11. tsamʔəwənuswu ʔisixət lokaxuliyu \xe 'the Jews have their penises cut.' \sd suffixes \sd vsuffixes \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uš- \a us- \va (us-) \ps vpre \ge hands, with the \ge with the hands \ge INSTR.hands \de with the hands \ee Glossed as INSTR.hands. \cf ʔałʔalušteš \ce smn who cures people by rubbing them \cf ʔalušʔeš \ce badger \cf ʔušpayəʔəš \ce digging instrument \cf ʔušpayəš \ce hole in ground; pit in ground \cf ʔuštap \ce oar \cf ʔuštʔeyeʔeš \ce antenna \cf ʔuštʔeymu \ce obligation; trade \cf ʔušwekeyeʔeš \ce broom \cf ʔušwekeyeš \ce rubbish pile; trashcan \cf ʔušweleneʔeš \ce stirrer \cf ʔušwilaš \ce abundance (of food) \cf akuškuy \ce to aim \cf aluškʔəy \ce to move about in one place \cf alušqałtš \ce to be open (as a door or pot without a lid) \cf aluštʔey \ce to be busy \cf apuškeʔey \ce to be hooked \cf apuštʔey \ce to touch quickly and pull back quickly \cf aqulusmiy \ce to twist string; to make string \cf aquškuy \ce to point at \cf quluškuy \ce to aim at with \cf quntušmaxyətš \ce to be tied too tight \cf šaluškʔəy \ce to cause to move \cf šapəškəwə \ce to bail out (water from) \cf šapəškəwənəʔəš \ce bailing instrument \cf šapuškeʔey \ce to hook smth onto; to seize smth with a hook \cf šapuškəwətš \ce to be bailing (water from) \cf šapuštipey \ce to cook together \cf šunuškuy \ce to promise; to settle on/announce something before it happens; to set a date \cf šuškuy \ce to draw smn’s attention to smth; to show; to teach \cf šuwatušmaxyət \ce to jerk; to jerk away from \cf unuskuyus \ce to announce (to) \cf ustap \ce to row \cf ustʔey \ce to rest one’s hand on; to be occupied with \cf uswis \ce to shred with fingers \cf ušʔe \ce to scratch the surface of \cf ušʔeš \ce to dig (with hands or instruments) \cf ušałtə \ce to receive \cf ušełxenwu \ce to vanquish \cf uškik \ce to scratch (oneself) \cf uškikutš \ce to be scratched \cf uškinomoy \ce to turn over smth \cf uškuy \ce to point at; to pertain to \cf uškʔəy \ce to move \cf uškʔəyəy \ce to be active and noisy \cf ušlatapš \ce to fall into \cf ušlepen \ce to make room \cf ušmaxyət \ce to pull; to be pulled by undertow \cf ušmelewe \ce to submerge one’s entire arm into water \cf ušmey̓ \ce to stroke \cf ušmuy \ce to beat (food in dish); to churn \cf ušnaʔał \ce to reach out for and grab \cf ušnapay \ce to take out from inside of \cf ušnupnupaha \ce to make noise \cf ušpay \ce to dig \cf ušpaymu \ce mine \cf ušpen \ce to clean away with one’s hands \cf ušpete \ce to wipe onself clean \cf ušpetetš \ce to be wiped clean \cf ušqetʔe \ce to press on with one’s hands/fingers \cf ušqʰał \ce to push open \cf ušqʰałtš \ce to be opened; to open of one's own accord \cf uštaʔap \ce to put one's hand in \cf uštałnaʔał \ce to assist smn; to take care of smn \cf uštəł \ce to find; to discover \cf uštipey \ce to mix together; to stir in \cf uštopokʔi \ce to shove along; to push along \cf uštuqutš \ce to be tangled \cf uštʔey \ce to touch \cf ?ušuyepš \ce to be different \cf ušwekeʔey \ce to throw away; to dump out; to sweep out \cf ušwele \ce to stir \cf ušwototo \ce to rummage through \cf ušwotototš \ce to rummage habitually (as is said of rodents) \cf ušxaxš \ce to scratch up \cf ušyam \ce to let down over \cf ušyoxo \ce to rile; to make murky \cf ušyoxotš \ce to be murky \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \sd body \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -uš \cf -us \ce applicative suffix \sd variations \dt 26/Jun/2018 \lx ušʔak \a ušaʔak \va (ušaʔak) \ps v \ge throw out water \ge dysentery, have \ge have dysentery \de to throw out water; to spill; to have dysentery \sy wiq \cf ušʔaktəš \ce to be spilled over \xv 1. ušaʔak \xe 'throw it out!' \xv 2. ušʔak lomitəpə \xe 'throw out the dirty water in the backyard.' \xv 3. kušaʔak hesoʔo \xe 'I throw out this water.' \xv 4. no ʔan kušʔak \xe 'I have dysentery' (literally, I pour out water from my anus). \xv 5. kušʔak saʔan \xe 'I defecate blood.' \xv 6. kaqutikuk kikwoloqoyi kikušʔak lokoʔo \xe 'I stumbled and fell down' (can refer to sumbling with legs only). \xv 7. tšiyušʔakpiwu lokaʔiʔałtap kamaxatʔaməš \xe 'they showered those who entered' (threw seeds over them). \sd verbs \sd common \sd water \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 91.428.1-429.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušʔaktəš \ps v \ge spilled over, be \de to be spilled over \cf ušʔak \ce to throw out water; to spill; to have dysentery \cf ušaktəʔəš \ce to be sacrificed; to be lost to \xv 1. tšušʔaktəš \xe 'it spilled.' \xv 2. tšušʔaktəš \xe 'the stuff in the dish spilled over or ran over.' \xv 3. tšiyušʔaktəš \xe 'many (boxes of berries) spilt out.' \xv 4. tšišušʔaktəš \xe 'two (boxes of berries) spilled out.' \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 91.37.3, 430.2-430.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušʔaway \ps v \ge prepare food for a fiesta \de to prepare food for a fiesta \ee This indicates preparing a large amount of food, and so singular pronouns are not used with this verb. \xv 1. tšamušʔaway \xe 'they are making much food for a party or fiesta.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 91.432.3-433.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušʔe \ps v \ge scratch the surface of \de to scratch the surface of \mr [] \cf ʔalušʔeš \ce badger \cf ušʔeš \ce to dig (with hands or instruments) \xv 1. hukušʔe hemišup \xe 'I am going to scratch in the earth.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.433.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušʔeš \ps v \ge dig (with hands or instruments) \de to dig (with hands or instruments) \mr [] \sy ušpay \cf ʔalušʔeš \ce badger \cf ušʔe \ce to scratch the surface of \xv 1. kušʔeš \xe 'I am going to dig.' \xv 2. ʔalušʔeš \xe 'badger.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.276.1; 90.435.3-436.1; 94.369.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušʔexš \ps v \ge spread, be \ge loose, be \de to be spread; to be loose \ee Indicates that something is not piled up, heaped up, or bound together. \xv 1. tšušʔexš \xe 'it is spread.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa heʔispanayəʔəw ʔan lašiyušʔexš lokatšonəʔəš \xe 'all the beach was spread with dead fish.' \xv 3. lokaxʔanwa ʔan tsoxpot lokasʔoqwo kikašušʔexš kikastsʔiyət \xe 'the woman loosed her hair so it was all loose and crouched with her buttocks in the air.' \xv 4. loʔisʔoqwo ʔan tšušʔexš \xe 'her hair was all loose.' \xv 5. ʔalušʔexš \xe 'it is shallow.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.434.4-435.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušʔikʔom \a ušikʔom \a ušiqom \a ušiqʔom \va (ušikʔom, ušiqom, ušiqʔom) \ps v \ge store \ge keep/hold \de to store; to keep/hold \gn guardar \dn guardar \ee This means to put away something and keep it for a while without removing it. \cf ʔušikʔoməš \ce smth kept \cf ʔušʔikʔommu \ce storage area; place where things are kept \xv 1. hukušiqʔom \xe 'I am going to put (the bag) away and keep' (in my house). \xv 2. tšušikʔom kəstsʰin \xe 'he kept what was his.' \xv 3. katšaqwin ʔalušʔikʔom sułuw \xe 'it is the only one that stores up its food.' \xv 4. tšnunaʔał loʔisʔap kihušušʔikʔom \xe '(the bee) takes (the pollen) home and stores it.' \xv 5. huksinay sikʰin ʔałhaputš hukušiqom \xe 'I am going to put my meat here, I am going to guard it.' \xv 6. huksinay ʔiti kuhukełtse kuhukušiqom \xe 'I am going to put it here, wrap it up and keep it.' \xv 7. hukxayanus(wu) sikʰinkalawasa, kihukušikʔomwu \xe 'I am going to make a tapeiste for keeping my calabazas in.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 91.445.3-447.3; 94.391.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušaktəʔəš \ps v \ge lost to, be \ge sacrificed, be \de to be sacrificed; to be lost to \cf ušʔaktəš \ce to be spilled over \xv 1. tsamsuteqpey siquyiwašlokapeyeš kaypi kimuhušušakʰtəʔəš \xe 'they stick a cora on a mortar so that the meal will not be lost.' \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 91.429.4-430.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušałtə \a ušałtə̀ \a ušʔałtə \va (ušʔałtə) \ps v \ge receive \de to receive \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ušʼanti ‘to receive’ (Whistler 1980: 36) \mr [] \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \xv 1. no ʔan kušʔałtə \xe 'I take a thing you give me.' \xv 2. hukušałtə \xe 'I am going to receive him.' \xv 3. tšamušʔałtəwu \xe 'they receive them well.' \xv 4. hukušʔałtə lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to receive the man well.' \xv 5. ʔasku lulušałtə sinela hušaqša ? \xe 'who is going to receive him or take him in case he dies?' \xv 6. kišušʔałtə lokoʔo kalʔamyikus \xe 'and there received water which they gave her.' \sd verbs \sd manners \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.431.1-4; Glutton77 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ušełxenwu \ps v \ge vanquish \de to vanquish \gn acabar \dn acabar \ee Harrington’s consultant indicated that this verb could not be used with a singular object, since it refers to putting down the enemy in a battle. \mr [] \cf ełxe \ce to go to all \xv 1. hušišušełxenwu \xe 'they two are going to put an end to them.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.433.3 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ušiʔik \ps v \ge ache \de to ache \cf ʔušikmu \ce source of pain; where one aches \cf alušiʔik \ce pain \xv 1. kušiʔik \xe 'I ache.' \xv 2. kušiʔik hesikpu \xe 'my arm aches.' \xv 3. kəwə kušiʔik pakeʔet sikʔułya \xe (all the men are going to war, I alone am not going) 'because I have a sore finger.' \xv 4. kseqe ʔan kaypiʔiʔi kušiʔik kałwašətš sukqisəʔə lokaʔałʔalaxiyepš \xe 'I pulled it out, for this reason it ached all the more, it seemed well for me to go to see the doctor.' \xv 5. ʔulasaxiyepitwaš lokaałʔalaxiyepš ʔan lakəkš tseqe lokakalušiʔik kimukišpuwenušwaš kəwə musaxiyepitwaš \xe 'if the doctor had cured me he would have removed my pain, but I didn’t pay him because he didn’t cure me.' \xv 6. mušqapiyetus, lamitʔi šikušiʔik \xe 'it does not hurt me very much.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.145.1, 360.1; 91.444.2-445.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušikʔom \cf ušʔikʔom \ce to store; to keep/hold \sd variations \dt 09/Jan/2011 \lx ušiqom \cf ušʔikʔom \ce to store; to keep/hold \sd variations \dt 09/Jan/2011 \lx ušiqʔom \cf ušʔikʔom \ce to store; to keep/hold \sd variations \dt 09/Jan/2011 \lx ušitaxmaš \ps v \ge peculiar, be \de to be peculiar \mr ?[] \cf ?may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. loʔkasinikʰululu kayúm̓ ʔan xaʔàx ʔišušitaxmàš \xe 'the rumble of the rats is very peculiar.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.887.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx uškik \ps vt \ge scratch (oneself) \de to scratch (oneself) \gn rascar(se) \dn rascar(se) \mr [] \ee Note the reflexive meaning without an object pronoun. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI uškik ‘to scratch,’ INZ uškik ‘to scratch an itch’ (Beeler 1978: 187; SYBCI 2007: 398) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv uškikš \pde to scratch (oneself).IPFV \cf ʔuskikaʔaš \ce scratching instrument \cf uškikutš \ce to be scratched \xv 1. no ʔan kuškik \xe 'I scratch myself.' \xv 2. hukuškikš \xe 'I am going to scratch myself.' \xv 3. uškikit hesikʰmət ! \xe 'scratch my back!' \xv 4. mukahaʔaš sukuškikš \xe 'I cannot reach the place that itches.' \xv 5. tsaqniʔił šikuškikutš \xe 'there is a mark where I scratched myself.' \xv 6. tšiyuškikašpi sipon̓ \xe 'they scratch themselves with a stick.' \xv 7. tsinikʰət ʔištəʔəniwaš saʔałʔəhə ʔisʰintštep kaypi kisʔəhə ʔištep ʔiti, latšə silašušuškikš heʔištəʔəniwaš \xe 'they brought a fleay dog and that is why there are lots of fleas here, the dog was scratching all the time.' \xv 8. tšuškikš heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔəhə ʔisʰinstep \xe 'this dog is scratching himself.' \xv 9. ksuyuškikš \xe 'I want to scratch myself.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.6.3; 91.449.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx uškikutš \ps v \ge scratched, be \de to be scratched \mr [] \cf uškik \ce to scratch (oneself) \xv 1. tsaqniʔił šikuškikutš \xe 'there is a mark where I scratched myself.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \lg TJPH \rf 91.450.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx uškinomoy \ps v \ge turn over smth \de to turn over smth \ee Note the imperfect form ͽuškinomoš, which indicates repeated action, and this form, which indicates a singular instance of the action. \mr [] \pd ɕ \pdl v \pdv uškinomoš \pde to turn over smth.IPFV \cf kinomoy \ce to turn around \xv 1. kuškinomoy \xe 'I turn over smth.' \xv 2. kuškinomoš \xe 'I turn over hay.' \xv 3. tšiyuškinomoš \xe 'they turn over' (hay with pitchforks). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.452.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uškoy \ps v \ge coil smth \de to coil smth \mr [] \cf uškoyitš \ce to be coiled \xv 1. hukuškoy \xe 'I coil (the fishline) in a coil.' \xv 2. neʔekuškoy \xe 'I coil (the rope) up again.' \xv 3. hukuškoy \xe 'I am going to coil' (a rope). \xv 4. hukuškoypi hesitabla hešikwaštʔuyaš \xe 'I am going to wind my fishline on a table.' \sd verbs \sd fish \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.453.1-454.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uškoyitš \ps v \ge coiled, be \de to be coiled \mr [] \cf uškoy \ce to coil smth \xv 1. neʔešuškoyitš \xe 'it is already coiled.' \sd verbs \sd fish \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.453.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uškum \hm 1 \rd uškumkum \ps v \ge reach for \de to reach for \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \cf šuyuškum \ce to want to catch (by reaching for) \xv 1. lasʰuyuskumkumuʔus kuhušuliʔiš kʔuwe mušahaʔaškiwə məʔək \xe 'the baby was reaching out its arms to take hold of its mother but could not reach her for she was too far away.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.456.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uškum \hm 2 \cf uškum̓ \ce to be foggy \sd variations \dt 17/Jan/2018 \lx uškumkum \ps v \ge reach for.REDUP \de to reach for.REDUP \cf uškum1 \ce to reach for \sd reduplications \dt 26/Jun/2018 \lx uškum̓ \a uškum \va (uškum) \ps v \ge foggy, be \de to be foggy \cf ʔuškum̓ \ce fog \xv 1. tšuškum \xe 'it is foggy.' \xv 2. tsnapiyetus ʔišuškum \xe 'it is very foggy.' \xv 3. payikʔulašuškum ʔan numiš ʔišikumeli lokaxəp \xe 'no matter how thick the fog is they fly straight to the stone.' \sd verbs \sd meteorology \sd water \lg JPH \rf 91.456.3-457.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uškuta \se I \ps n \ge bangs \de bangs \xv 1. lokakuškuta \xe 'my bangs.' \se II \ps v \ge bangs, have \de to have bangs \xv 1. tšuškuta \xe 'she has bangs.' \xv 2. no ʔan kuškuta \xe 'I have bangs.' \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.458.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx uškuy \a uskuy \va (uskuy-) \ps vt \ge point at \ge pertain to \de to point at; to pertain to \ee The difference between this word and ͽaquškuy is unclear. \mr [] \cf ʔuškuyaʔaš \ce pointer (smth that points) \cf akuškuy \ce to aim \cf aquškuy \ce to point at \cf quluškuy \ce to aim at with \cf šunuškuy \ce to promise; to settle on/announce something before it happens; to set a date \cf unuskuyus \ce to announce (to) \xv 1. kuškuyus \xe 'I point at him.' \xv 2. kuškuyił \xe 'I point at thee' (with my finger). \xv 3. kuskuyus \xe 'I point at it with my finger.' \xv 4. kuškuyíyuw \xe 'I point at you (plural).' \xv 5. lokakanaʔaʔay kałmasəx ʔan tsiyexneqenpi lyos kilokałyitimasəx ʔan tsiyuskuyus lokałwašətš ʔisilikʔe lokapʔaliwə \xe 'the first three pertain to the honor of God, and the other seven to the benefit of your fellow man.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.454.4-455.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx uškʔəy \rd uškʔəyəy \ps v \ge move \de to move \mr [] \cf aluškʔəy \ce to move about in one place \cf šaluškʔəy \ce to cause to move \cf uškʔəyəy \ce to be active and noisy \xv 1. kamušamuškʔəy lasalinowo \xe 'it will refuse to move and just remain standing there.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.458.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uškʔəyəy \ps v \ge active/noisy, be \de to be active and noisy \mr [] \an aqšlimaš \cf uškʔəy \ce to move \xv 1. no ʔan hukwe si pi ʔan mupuškʔəyəy \xe 'I am going to sleep if you are quiet.' \xv 2. kuškʔəyəy \xe 'I am going to scraping my chair and legs around making noise.' \xv 3. ʔaluškʔəyəy \xe 'someone not still or quiet, going there and here.' \sd people \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.83.3, 278.2; 91.458.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušlatapš \ps v \ge fall into \de to fall into \ee Note that this verb is used of falling into the middle of something and not of falling into an empty container. \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \xv 1. tšušlatapš \xe 'something fell into' (my cooking pot, food, etc.). \xv 2. hukseqenus heʔišušlatapš \xe 'I am going to remove this (dead leaf) from' (the box of blackberries). \xv 3. tšušlatapš sitəpk hesitip \xe 'a walnut fell into this salt.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.465.4-466.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušlepen \ps v \ge make room \de to make room \mr [] \xv 1. ʔiyušlepen \xe 'make room!' (said to a crowd of people when you want them to make a passage-way; motion with hands as one says it). \sd verbs \sd exclamations \sd manners \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.466.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušmaxyət \a ušmaxyə̀t \a umaxyət \va (umaxyət) \ps v \ge pull \ge pulled by undertow, be \de to pull; to be pulled by undertow \mr [] \cf quntušmaxyətš \ce to be tied too tight \cf šuwatušmaxyət \ce to jerk; to jerk away from \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. kušmaxyət \xe 'I pull.' \xv 2. hukušmaxyət \xe 'I am going to pull' (a string). \xv 3. tšušmaxyət \xe 'he pulls it.' \xv 4. tšiyušmaxyət \xe 'they are pulling.' \xv 5. ušmaxyət ʔaštukʔutš ! \xe 'do not tighten it lest it kink!' \xv 6. kuštalayəł sikušmaxyət \xe 'I pulled it sharply' (fishline cord). \xv 7. hukusmaxyətus hesikawayu \xe 'I pulled tight on the reins' (to make the horse walk backward). \xv 8. kišušmaxyə̀t ʔan laʔkə́kš loʔkašpahawàš kałsukitwò \xe 'and he pulled out only the whole skeleton which was sticking out.' \xv 9. tšnowo hekakʰkawayu, kikamušʰuyanaʔał, hušušmaxyət ʔan tsʰukynoywu heʔispu kimušaluškʔəy, kinupan tsʰuyaxšilit \xe 'my horse stopped and did not want to go, I kept pulling him but he planted his front feet in front of him and tried to bite me too.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd ocean \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.396.3, 466.4-469.1; 94.370.1; Travels28 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ušmelewe \ps v \ge submerge one’s entire arm into water \de to submerge one’s entire arm into water \mr [] \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ melew̓en ‘to level smth off with the hand’ (SYBCI 2007: 397) \cf melewe \ce to sink under water \xv 1. ušmelewe ! \xe 'stick your whole arm up to the shoulder in the water!' \xv 2. kušmeleweʔe \xe 'I stick my arm down into the water.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.469.4-470.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušmey̓ \a ušʰmey \a usmey \va (usmey-) \ps vt \ge stroke \de to stroke \mr [] \xv 1. hukusmeyus \xe 'I am going to stroke him (the dog).' \xv 2. hukušmeyił sipʔoqwo \xe 'I am going to stroke your hair.' \xv 3. kisiqisə ʔisilikʼè kišušmey̓ loʔkasʔoqʰwò kašmíš \xe 'and they saw her, she sat and stroked her hair and cried.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \sd animals \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.469.3; Daughter82 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušmohop \cf ušmołhop \ce to pile together \sd variations \dt 14/Jan/2011 \lx ušmołhop \a ušmohop \va (ušmohop) \ps v \ge pile together \de to pile together \mr [] \cf ikołhop \ce to be piled up; to pile \xv 1. kušmohop \xe 'I make a pile of' (papers, trash, etc.). \xv 2. kušmohop kiknunali \xe 'I scraped it together with my hands or put the things together and carried them home.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.591.1; 91.470.2-4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ušmuw \cf ušmuy \ce to beat (food in dish); to churn \sd variations \dt 05/Sep/2011 \lx ušmuy \a ušmuw \va (ušmuw) \ps v \ge beat (food in dish) \ge churn \de to beat (food in dish); to churn \ee Harrington’s consultant thought that the form ͽušmuw was the better form. However, the root, ͽmuy, can be found in other words such as ͽulumuy ‘to stick a stick into fire (for the purpose of straightening).’ \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan hukušmuy \xe 'I am going to beat up or stir up' (food in a dish). \xv 2. kušmuw \xe 'I put food in a dish and add water and beat it with hand or instrument so as to mix it.' \xv 3. neʔeʔušmuwaš \xe 'it is whipped, beaten.' \xv 4. hukušmuw \xe 'I am going to beat' (anything). \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.471.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušnaʔał \a usnal \va (usnal-) \ps v \ge reach out for and grab \de to reach out for and grab \ee There is no such word as kušnaʔał. \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. tšušnaʔał \xe 'he reaches out with his arm to grasp a thing that is at the other side of the table, not near, but have to reach for it.' \xv 2. kusnaluʔus \xe 'I am going to reach out and grasp' (a book). \xv 3. ušnaluw \xe 'reach your arm out long and take hold of thing on the table!' \xv 4. hukušnaluʔus lositintelu \xe 'I am going to take hold of that inkstand.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.472.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušnapay \ps v \ge take out from inside of \de to take out from inside of \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \xv 1. kušnapay \xe 'I take (the beans) out of (a pot)' (and other, similar usages). \sd verbs \sd path \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.473.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ušnowo \ps v \ge move standing erect \de to move standing erect \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. tšušnowo \xe 'it comes up like a cloud standing erect in the horizon.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.473.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušnupnupaha \ps v \ge make noise \ge noise, make \de to make noise \ee No non reduplicated form given. The relationship with the root, ͽ-nupah- ‘related to newness; related to recentness,’ is unclear. \mr [] \cf nupahaʔa \ce to be noisy \xv 1. kikalamušnupnupaha \xe 'and there is absolute silence' (after the frogs stop croaking). \sd verbs \sd language \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.473.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušpaʔak \a ušpak \ps v \ge collect from the ground \de to collect from the ground \ee This verb is used of collecting fruits and nuts from the ground (whether the food has fallen of its own accord or been purposefully knocked off a tree). \mr [] \xv 1. kušpaʔak \xe 'I am going to pick up' (acorns from the ground). \xv 2. no ʔan hukušpak \xe 'I am going to pick them up with my hands putting them into some vessel as when I pick up pieces of rubbish or pick apricots from the ground.' \xv 3. hukušpakš \xe 'I am going to pick them all up.' \xv 4. hukušpaʔak \xe 'I am going over there to pick one up.' \xv 5. hukušpaʔak sitšawakan \xe 'I am going over there to pick apricots.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 91.473.4-479.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušpak \cf ušpaʔak \ce to collect from the ground \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2011 \lx ušpay \a uspay \va (uspay-) \ps v \ge dig \de to dig \ee Note the imperfect form ušpaš. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ušpaš \pde to dig.IPFV \cf ʔušpayəʔəš \ce digging instrument \cf ʔušpayəš \ce hole in ground; pit in ground \cf ušʔeš \ce to dig (with hands or instruments) \xv 1. kušpay \xe 'I dig with stick or instrument.' \xv 2. hukuspayus \xe 'I am going to dig.' \xv 3. tšušpay hemišup \xe 'he digs a hole in the ground.' \xv 4. tšiyušpay hemišup \xe 'they dig a hole in the ground.' \xv 5. tšušpaš ʔan tštowitš \xe 'it digs swiftly' (said of mole). \xv 6. neʔekqišənwaš ʔisuspayuswunutš \xe 'I have seen the pits.' \xv 7. tšutišihitš šuʔamušpay \xe 'the ground is too hard to dig.' \xv 8. munakqišənwaš hałtšušušpayuswu \xe 'I have never seen him in the act of digging them out.' \xv 9. no ʔan ksununa sukuspayus \xe 'I commence taking turns knocking balls out of each earthmound at beginning of a shinney ground.' \xv 10. kʰan šipušpaš ʔan hupuštəłwu heʔsimaʔam siqasqas \xe 'if you dig you will find them.' \xv 11. hukušpay hemišup ʔan huksaxməkə \xe 'I am going to make a deep hole in the ground.' \xv 12. hukušpay hemišup, kuhukustsʔəmə hekakʰqo \xe 'I am going to bury my dog.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH \rf 91.474.1-477.3, 479.2-3; 94.369.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušpaymu \ps n \ge mine \de mine \mr [] \cf ušpay \ce to dig \xv 1. ušpaymu kihusihin sihəłhəł \xe 'mine where they get ruddle.' \sd nature \sd industry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.478.2; 94.390.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušpeʔen \cf ušpen \ce to clean away with one’s hands \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2011 \lx ušpen \a ušpeʔen \va (ušpeʔen) \ps v \ge clean away with one’s hands \de to clean away with one’s hands \mr [] \cf nipen \ce to brush/sweep together \xv 1. kušpen \xe 'I clean away trash, clean up, piling things in a place so all will be clean.' \xv 2. hukušpeʔen \xe 'I am going over yonder to pull up (weeds) with my hands or fingers.' \xv 3. kušpen, kušwekey \xe 'I scoop or kick or scrape out, and then I sweep.' \xv 4. lakanawa sʔəhə witšʔeqey ʔan kušpen \xe 'only when the chips accumulate, do I brush them aside.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.479.4-480.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušpete \a uspete \va (uspete-) \ps v \ge wipe onself clean \de to wipe onself clean \mr [] \cf ušpetetš \ce to be wiped clean \xv 1. kuspetetš \xe 'I wipe myself' (wipe sweat off or wipe myself after bathing). \xv 2. hukušpete hesiknuxš \xe 'I am going to wipe my nose.' \xv 3. kušpete hesiktəq \xe 'I wipe my face' (with my handkerchief). \xv 4. no ʔan kušpete siktənək \xe 'I wiped away my tears.' \xv 5. wašətš ʔispax, tsʔił siku sałʔisunuwus ʔisiyušpete heʔištəq \xe 'it has nice skin, there are people who use them for wiping the eyes.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.480.3-481.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušpetetš \ps v \ge wiped clean, be \de to be wiped clean \mr [] \cf ušpete \ce to wipe onself clean \xv 1. neʔešušpetetš \xe 'it is already clean.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.482.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušqał \cf ušqʰał \ce to push open \sd variations \dt 14/Jan/2011 \lx ušqaləʔəš \ps n \ge wedge \de wedge \mr [] \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \cf ušqʰał \ce to push open \xv 1. tsʔił ʔišiyušqaləʔəš pon̓ ʔiqwe kasila ʔisʰapsiwə, tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔkasiyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyuqał \xe 'they have their wedges of toyon wood or deerhorn, and they open or split the palo according to their desire using the wedges.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Tomol14 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušqałtš \cf ušqʰałtš \ce to be opened; to open of one's own accord \sd variations \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx ušqeni \ps v \ge clear up (said of weather) \de to clear up (said of weather) \xv 1. tšušqeni \xe 'the weather cleared up.' \sd verbs \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 91.459.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ušqete \cf ušqetʔe \ce to press on with one’s hands/fingers \sd variations \dt 14/Jan/2011 \lx ušqetʔe \a usqetʔe \a ušqete \a ušqetʔen \va (usqetʔe, ušqete, ušqetʔen-) \ps v \ge press on with one’s hands/fingers \de to press on with one’s hands/fingers \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalušqetʔetš \ce masseur \xv 1. kušqetʔe \xe 'I am rubbing him.' \xv 2. hukušqetʔe \xe 'I press down on it with my hand or hands (as when pressing an arrow shaft into an arrow straightener).' \xv 3. hukušqetʔenił \xe 'I press my hands on you in various places.' \xv 4. tšušqetʔenit hesikmət \xe 'he is rubbing my back.' \xv 5. ušqetʔenpi losipʔułya \xe 'pack it with your finger!' \xv 6. lahukušqete kihuknipkʔes \xe 'I am going to press on this frog slowly and smash him.' \xv 7. hukušqetʔenwaʔaš ʔištep ʔan ksətəxə hesikʔułya tsapałhay \xe 'I went to put my finger on the flea but I missed my aim, and he jumped away.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.459.3-460.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušqoyi \ps n \ge clam \de clam \cf qoy \ce whelk species; olivella \cf ušqoyiʔi \ce to shellfish \cf ušqoyinaʔaš \ce tool for removing shellfish (from the shell) \cf ušqoyinaš \ce shellfish (certain kinds) \xv 1. knunalinwu maʔam lokakušqoyi \xe 'I took clams home into my house.' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd shellfish \lg JPH \rf 91.461.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušqoyiʔi \a ušqoyin \va (ušqoyin-) \ps v \ge shellfish \de to shellfish \ee Harrington notes that there is no word 'ušqoyinwaš.' \mr [] \cf qoy \ce whelk species; olivella \cf ušqoyi \ce clam \xv 1. hukušqoyiʔi \xe 'I am going clamming or shellfishing.' \xv 2. kušqoyinwaʔaš \xe 'I dug clams once long ago.' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd culture \sd shellfish \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.461.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušqoyinaʔaš \ps n \ge shellfish opener \ge tool for removing shellfish (from the shell) \de tool for removing shellfish (from the shell) \mr [] \cf qoy \ce whelk species; olivella \cf ušqoyi \ce clam \sd ocean \sd animals \sd food \sd culture \sd shellfish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.461.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušqoyinaš \ps n \ge shellfish (certain kinds) \de shellfish (certain kinds) \ee This refers to oysters, abalones, mussels, and other shellfish in these classes. \cf qoy \ce whelk species; olivella \cf ušqoyi \ce clam \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd shellfish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.462.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ušqʰał \a ušqał \mr [] \cf ʔušqʰaləʔəš \ce wedge \cf alušqałtš \ce to be open (as a door or pot without a lid) \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \cf ušqʰałtš \ce to be opened; to open of one's own accord \se I \ps n \ge wedge \de wedge \sy ʔušqʰaləʔəš \xv 1. tsʔił ʔišiyušqaləʔəš pon̓ ʔiqwe kasila ʔisʰapsiwə, tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔka_siyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyušqał, tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔkasiyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyušqał \xe 'they have their wedges of toyon wood or deerhorn, and they open or split the palo according to their desire using the wedges.' \se II \ps v \ge push open \de to push open \xv 1. hukušqał \xe 'I am going to open it.' \xv 2. ušqʰał kakisimentana ! \xe 'open that window!' \xv 3. ušqaluw ! \xe 'open the door for him!' \xv 4. hukušqʰał hesimitəpə \xe 'I am going to open the door.' \xv 5. kʔuwe tsyət siqunup kišušqʰał kikawasitapiniʔiy \xe 'but the girl came and opened the door and they came in again' (said of flies). \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.462.4-464.1; Tomol41-42 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušqʰałtš \a ušqałtš \va (ušqałtš) \ps v \ge open of ones' own accord \ge opened, be \de to be opened; to open of one's own accord \mr [] \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \cf ušqʰał \ce I. wedge II. to push open \xv 1. tšušqałtš \xe 'the door is open.' \xv 2. tšalušqałtš \xe 'the (olla) has the lid off.' \xv 3. heʔispeʔey̓ ʔan kanawa sułkuw kištapi, kiyʔišnaxyət ʔan tšušqʰałtš \xe 'this flower in the night closes up (lit., 'pulls itself into itself'), and in the morning it opens.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.464.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx uštaʔap \ps v \ge put one's hand in \de to put one's hand in \cf ʔuštap \ce oar \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \mr [] \xv 1. kustap \xe 'he is rowing himself along.' \xv 2. kuštaʔap \xe 'I stick my hand in' (a glass tumbler). \xv 3. kuštaʔap \xe 'I stick my arm into' (a box or bag or something). \xv 4. tšuštaʔap mušpošotš huki ʔaluštey \xe 'she put her hand in and not knowing what she was touching.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.482.3-4; Glutton119 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uštalayəł \ps v \ge work quickly \ge chores quickly, do \de to work quickly; to do chores quickly \gn hacer cosas pronto \dn hacer cosas pronto \sy uštowitš \xv 1. kuštalayəł \xe 'I do my work or chore quickly.' \xv 2. no ʔan kuštalayəł \xe 'I am quick in my work.' \xv 3. kuštalayəł sikušmaxyət \xe 'I fix it very fast.' \xv 4. tšiyuštalayəł \xe 'they do things immediately, they do not fool around all day to do a thing.' \sd verbs \sd routine \lg JPH \rf 91.483.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uštałnaʔał \a uštałnał \va (uštałnał-) \ps v \ge assist smn \ge take care of smn \de to assist smn; to take care of smn \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. kuštałnaʔał \xe 'I am assisting an inferm person.' \xv 2. tšiyuštałnaʔał \xe 'they take care of him.' \xv 3. ʔiʔaluštałnaʔał \xe 'they are attending to a sick person.' \xv 4. hukuštałnaʔał saʔałtsuheł \xe 'I am going to assist this woman who is giving birth to a child.' \xv 5. hukuštałnaʔał hešaʔałtšuyaqša \xe 'I am going to help an inferm person.' \xv 6. tšuštałnałtšəši \xe 'he took care of himself.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.483.4-484.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx uštatʔaqšikšaši \ps v \ge take good care of oneself \de to take good care of oneself \ee Cannot say ͽkuštatʔaqšikił. \mr [] \cf aqšik \ce to take (a person) with one’s hands \xv 1. tšuštatʔaqšikšaši \xe 'he takes good care of himself' (as a sick or well man takes care of himself). \xv 2. tšuštatʔaqšikšaši \xe 'he takes good care of himself' (as a sick or well man takes care of himself). \sd emotions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.14.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx uštəł \a ʔuštəl \va (ʔuštəł) \ps v \ge find \ge discover \de to find; to discover \mr [] \cf aqtuštəł \ce to catch up with \xv 1. no ʔan kuštəł sipštə hesilamesa kašnałnaʔał \xe 'I have found a louse on the table.' \xv 2. kamušuštəł hałʔo \xe 'and she didn't find any water.' \xv 3. tsapiyam hesiksomlelu kʔuwe mukuštəł \xe 'my hat fell off, and I did not find it.' \xv 4. tskuʔum pakeʔet šiʔišaw kikasunikepleł lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tšuštəł pakeʔet soʔoqwo hesoʔo \xe 'one day when the man went to bathe he found a hair in the water.' \xv 5. kʰan ipupa ʔan hupuštəłwu heʔismaʔam siqasqas \xe 'if you dig you will find them.' \xv 6. ksinay hesiktinta, kʔuwe mukuštəł, kšukustimay \xe 'I put my ink (somewhere), but do not find it.' \xv 7. kuštəł suʔuštšʔəmənəš saʔałtšum, kiksukitwo, knunaʔał lokakʔap \xe 'I found the buried treasure, I got it and took it home.' \xv 8. neʔekustəł hekastsʔequts kapon̓ \xe 'I have already found the sliver.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.485.3-91.487.3; Daughter76 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uštipetipey \ps v \ge stir in.REDUP \ge mix together.REDUP \de to mix together.REDUP; to stir in.REDUP \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv uštipetipeš \pde to mix together.IPFV.REDUP; to stir in.IPFV.REDUP \cf uštipey \ce to mix together; to stir in \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uštipey \rd uštipetipey \ps v \ge stir in \ge mix together \de to mix together; to stir in \ee Note that the imperfect ͽuštipeš is identical to the resultative in form ͽuštipeš ‘mix; mess’ \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv uštipeš \pde to mix together.IPFV; to stir in.IPFV \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf šapuštipey \ce to cook together \cf tipey \ce to be pressed against \xv 1. hukuštipey simays ka sipiloxoł \xe 'I am going to mix up maiz and beans.' \xv 2. kuštipey \xe 'I stir it' (said of mixing various foods together). \xv 3. hukuštipey šiʔaxtatapəš hesipiloxoł \xe 'I am going to mix islay and beans.' \xv 4. kʰin pakeʔet ʔištum saʔałtuštap kikakuštipey siwínù, kikaqmiʔił kitsʔoyoniy kʔuwe laxutaxtaxšətš \xe 'I beat up a raw egg with wine and it seems to give me strength, it helps me.' \xv 5. hukuštipetipey \xe 'I mix things up together.' \xv 6. no ʔan kuštipeš \xe 'I mixed up in a crowd of people.' \xv 7. neʔešiyuštipeš \xe 'they are mixed.' \xv 8. kasexe yəlaʔa lokayʔiyʔaluštipetipeš \xe 'she ate all that mess [animals mixed together and cooked].' \xv 9. lokaʔałwertšigu ʔan tšiyuštipeš ʔisirwelu \xe 'the apricots were mixed with the plums.' \xv 10. lokašikaš ʔan mušiyuštipeš lokapštə, kəwə katanikuhkuʔu \xe 'the headlouse does not associate with the body louse, they are more high-toned.' \xv 11. hukaqułmowu hešiʔałtšošoy ki hesiʔałʔowow kihumušiyuštipoš \xe 'they separated the black ones and the white ones so they were no longer mixed.' \xv 12. tsiyeqwełwu siʔiyʔałpołkwowo ʔsewu ʔan tšiyuštipeš šaʔatəšwənəš \xe 'they make balls of tallow mixed with poison.' \sd food \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.485.3-490.1-3; Glutton67; WeirB8 \dt 19/Jun/2019 \lx uštonoy \a uštonòy \ps v \ge rub clean \de to rub clean \ee Not used of rubbing one's eyes. \mr [] \xv 1. lokaxʔanwa ʔan tšušuštonoy lokamaxakəš lositina (Ϟor loʔištawla) \xe 'the woman is rubbing the cloth in the washtub' (on her washboard). \xv 2. ʔiyikus šnaləʔəš ! \xe 'give ye him his going!' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.491.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uštopokʔi \a uštopokʔin \a uṣtopokʔi \a ustopokʔi \va (ustopokʔi, uṣtopokʔi, uštopokʔin-) \ps v \ge shove along \ge push along \de to shove along; to push along \mr [] \xv 1. uštopokʔinit ! \xe 'push me!' \xv 2. no ʔan hukuštopokʔi \xe 'I am going to push' (a table or anything). \xv 3. tsiyuṣtopokʔi lokatomoł \xe 'they are shoving the boat that just landed.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.492.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uštow \ps n \ge soapstone slab used for cooking torillas or toasting grains \de soapstone slab used for cooking torillas or toasting grains \ee It is unclear how this differs in meaning from ͽšuštow. \sy kumali \sy uqtʔawəyəʔəš \xv 1. lokašuštow \xe 'the soapstone slab used for cooking torillas or toasting grains.' \sd tools \sd food \lg JPH \rf 91.492.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uštowitš \ps v \ge do in a hurry \de to do in a hurry \sy uštalayəł \xv 1. no ʔan kuštowitš \xe 'I am very quick to do that which I am doing.' \xv 2. ʔalištaxan̓ uštowitš ! \xe 'hurry up!' \xv 3. kitptipəšəš ʔan kuštowitš \xe 'I am sewing in a hurry.' \xv 4. tšuštowitš ʔišwatšwatšʔəwš \xe 'he throws consecutively.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.493.2-494.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uštu \a uštù \ps n \ge work \ge acts \de work; acts \xv 1. laʔkʰan supusmeyus heʔišyəwəš ʔan husaqutikukʰ loʔkapuštù \xe 'when you stroke its head your work will be detained.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.494.3; Bad20-21 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uštuqutš \ps v \ge tangled, be \de to be tangled \mr [] \cf tukʔutš \ce to kink \xv 1. tšuštuqutš \xe 'it is tangled or mixed up.' \xv 2. tšiyuštuqutš \xe 'they are all tangled.' \xv 3. muʔaluštuqutš \xe 'it is not tangled.' \xv 4. tšuštuqutš hešimiyaš \xe 'this string is all tangled.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.494.4-496.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uštʔey \a uṣtʔey \a uštey \va (uṣtʔey, uštey) \ps v \ge touch \de to touch \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalušteš \ce smn who cures people by rubbing them \cf ʔuštʔeyeʔeš \ce antenna \cf ʔuštʔeymu \ce obligation; trade \cf aluštʔey \ce to be busy \cf apuštʔey \ce to touch quickly and pull back quickly \cf ustʔey \ce to rest one’s hand on; to be occupied with \cf watustʔey \ce to touch in passing \xv 1. kuštʔey \xe 'I touch' (do not take hold of). \xv 2. no ʔan kuštʔey \xe 'I touch a thing' (with my hand or otherwise). \xv 3. no ʔan kapuštʔey \xe 'I touch a thing quickly with my hand.' \xv 4. huki paluṣtʔey; kuštʔey sitili \xe 'what did you touch?' ; 'I touched a vagina' (idiomatic expression). \xv 5. məʔək ʔišišuštʔey \xe 'they touched it a long time.' \xv 6. syət siku kišuštʔey lokaštum \xe 'somebody comes and touches his eggs.' \xv 7. musʔił lułʔiyuštʔey lakəkš susiyʔuwlilo \xe 'they have nothing to do but eat all day.' \xv 8. tšuštaʔap, mušpošʰoš huki ʔaluštʔey, tšutaxšəkʔə, kišʰuwatšʔə \xe 'she put her hand in and not knowing what it was that she was touching, she was startled and gave a scream.' \xv 9. mupuštʔey ! \xe 'do not touch it!' ; 'do not take hold of it!' \sd verbs \sd body \sd common \sd health \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.26.3, 91.496.2-498.2; Glutton119 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uštšeq \cf uštšʔeq \ce to part hair \sd variations \dt 06/Sep/2011 \lx uštšəmə \cf ustsʔəmə \ce to bury \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uštšʔeq \a uštšeq \va (uštšeq) \ps v \ge part hair \ge hair, part \de to part hair \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce to crack; to split \xv 1. kuštšʔeq \xe 'I part my hair.' \xv 2. hukuštšeq \xe 'I am going to part my hair.' \xv 3. neʔekuštšʔeqwaš \xe 'I already parted my hair.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.369.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uštšʔəmə \cf ustsʔəmə \ce to bury \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uštšʔəmətšmu \cf ʔuštšʔəmətšmu \ce cemetery \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušumi \ps v \ge generous, be \de to be generous \cf ʔałʔušumitšaš \ce poor person; pauper \cf ʔałʔalušumi \ce smn kindhearted; smn hospitable \cf ušumiš \ce to pity \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd economics \lg JPH \rf 91.501.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ušumiš \ps v \ge pity \de to pity \mr [] \cf ʔałʔušumitšaš \ce poor person; pauper \cf šušušumiš \ce to pray to smn for \cf ušumi \ce to be generous \xv 1. kušumiš \xe 'I pity him.' \xv 2. kušumišwu \xe 'I pity them.' \xv 3. laušumišit ! \xe 'pity me!' \xv 4. santa maliya, kaštete lyos, ušumišyuw \xe 'Holy Mary, Mother of God.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.502.1-503.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušuyepš \ps v \ge different, be \de to be different \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan kušuyepš \xe 'I am different.' \xv 2. xaʔax ʔišušuyepš šaʔałtšošoy kasitšinu \xe 'there is a great difference between a black person and a Chinese person.' \xv 3. lokatšinu ʔan tšušuyepš \xe 'the Chinese person is different.' \xv 4. xaʔax ʔišušuyepš lokaʔayuwhat kalokayəw \xe 'there is a big difference between a small winnowing basket and a large winnowing basket.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.501.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ušwekeʔey \a ušwekey \va (ušwekey) \ps v \ge throw away \ge dump out \ge sweep out \de to throw away; to dump out; to sweep out \ee Note the imperfective form ušwekeš. \mr [ \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv wekeš \pde to throw away.IPFV; to dump out.IPFV; to sweep out.IPFV \cf ʔušwekeyeʔeš \ce broom \cf ʔušwekeyeš \ce rubbish pile; trashcan \xv 1. hukušwekeʔey \xe 'I am going to throw out trash.' \xv 2. hukušwekeš \xe 'I am going to sweep.' \xv 3. lokaʔaxiwił ʔan tšamušwekey \xe 'the dance ground is swept.' \xv 4. lokaštuwaš kakušwekey ʔan neʔeskutʔuy \xe 'the shells I have thrown out are already in a pile.' \xv 5. hukušwekeʔey heʔištuwaš lošuʔušʔušwekeyeš \xe 'I am going to dump these empty clam shells in the rubbish pile or kitchen midden.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.503.3-504.3, 506.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušwele \ps v \ge stir \de to stir \mr [] \sy wele \cf ʔušweleneʔeš \ce stirrer \xv 1. hukušwele \xe 'I am going to stir it.' \xv 2. hukušwele huksunuwus heʔikšałyəw \xe 'I am going to stir it with my mushstirrer.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.506.4-507.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušwił \ps v \ge serve (food) \de to serve (food) \mr [] \cf ʔušwilaš \ce abundance (of food) \xv 1. no ʔan kušwił \xe 'I give what I have (usually food) to many.' \xv 2. tšamušwił \xe 'they make a lot of food and give it away to people.' \xv 3. no ʔan kušwił pakpakeʔet yəlaʔa lokakuʔuwmu \xe 'I served or dealt out all the food to the people at the table.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.509.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušwiy \ps v \ge wake up smn/smth \de to wake up smn/smth \cf aqułkuw \ce to wake up early; to get up early \xv 1. ušwiy ! \xe 'wake him up!' \xv 2. hukušwiy hesaʔałniwonla \xe 'I am going to wake up this lazy-one.' \sd verbs \sd routine \lg JPH \rf 89.234.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušwon̓o \ph ʊʃˈwɔn̰ɔ \ps n \ge cloud, white \de white cloud \sd elements \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 69.940.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ušwototo \ps v \ge rummage through \de to rummage through \mr [] \cf ušwotototš \ce to rummage habitually (as is said of rodents) \xv 1. kušwototo \xe 'I rummage into/through something.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.510.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušwotototš \ps v \ge rummage habitually (as is said of rodents) \de to rummage habitually (as is said of rodents) \ee A note from the consultant on usage: "Some people do this much; they do not steal but rummage into other peoples’ things. And they leave the stuff all rummaged and out of order. Rats do thus, too." \mr [] \cf ušwototo \ce to rummage through \xv 1. tšušwotototš \xe 'he rummages in trunks, or my papers.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.510.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ušxaxš \ps v \ge scratch up \de to scratch up \mr [] \cf xaʔax \ce to be big; to be fat; to be large; to be thick \xv 1. kəpə ʔan neʔemuksuyasinayiʔiy hałʔəqəy, tsiyʔuw siksələyət, tšiyušxaxš hekakʰintaštaʔaš musʔił hałkaxkat kimusʔił lukałyikuswu \xe 'I am not going to keep my chickens any longer, they eat my siemoras and scratch up my plants and I have no swill to give them.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.482.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušyam \ps v \ge let down over \de to let down over \mr [] \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. no ʔan kušyam sikʔoqwo hesiktəq \xe 'I let my hair down over my face.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.448.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušyoxo \a ušyoxon \va (ušyoxon-) \ps v \ge rile \ge make murky \de to rile; to make murky \mr [] \cf ušyoxotš \ce to be murky \xv 1. tsʔip, “pi kapałʔalušyoxonit lokaʔo kakʰkepmu, tšə, tšə pʰnaʔał, tšə pʰnaʔał, tšə pməkəʔə ! \xe ' he said, “so you are the one who is riling up my bathing-pool. be gone, get away from here, take yourself far from here!” ' \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.448.4; Glutton170 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ušyoxotš \ps v \ge murky, be \de to be murky \mr [] \an qiłtšətš \cf ušyoxo \ce to rile; to make murky \xv 1. lamunamitʔi kikasqisqisə lokasʔaliwə latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw ʔan tšušyoxotš lokaskepmu sinawa skepleł \xe 'soon her brother kept noticing every day when he went to bathe that the water of his bathing-pool was riled.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg TJPH \rf 91.449.1-25; Glutton157 \dt 28/Jun/2019 \lx ušʰo \a šʰo \a ʔušʰo \a ušhó \a ušʰò \a ušho \a ušo \a ušoʔol \a ušʰol \a ušʰoy \va (šʰo, ušo, ušoʔol-, ušʰol-) \ps v \ge leave \ge let \ge let go \ge release \ge allow \ge permit \de to leave; to let; to let go; to release; to allow; to permit \ee The form ͽušʰoʔoł is related to this form, but the distinctions in meaning between the two are unclear. \cf ʔalaqtušʰo \ce to leave smth; to drop off smth \cf ʔalušʰowutš \ce widow(er) \cf aqtušʰo \ce to let go; to let smth drop, to let smth fall \cf matušʰo \ce to leave first \cf šuyušʰo \ce to want to let go \xv 1. tšušʰolit \xe 'he let me loose.' \xv 2. tšamušʰo ʔišʰepšle \xe 'they left a lip on the mortar.' \xv 3. hukušʰo ki swoloyi \xe 'I let it fall.' \xv 4. lanumiš ʔišušʰo \xe 'he let go of it.' \xv 5. laušo huštapi maʔam ! \xe 'let thou him enter the hosue!' \xv 6. mukiyušʰotšəši \xe 'we did not abandon them.' \xv 7. kikamušamušʰowu lušišaxšiłtš \xe 'they do not let them catch.' \xv 8. mukiyušʰowu susikitwo \xe 'we did not let them leave [us].' \xv 9. kikə mukiyušʰotšəši \xe 'we did not let go of ourselves.' \xv 10. no ʔan mukušʰotšəši \xe 'I did not let myself go.' \xv 11. lakušʰo kišnaʔał \xe 'I let it go' (I let an animal free or loose). \xv 12. kušʰo, kišutinowo \xe 'I let go, and it quickly erects itself.' \xv 13. lašušʰo kisamtaktəlit \xe 'he let them fight me.' \xv 14. tšušʰo loʔištałhew \xe 'she abandoned her child.' \xv 15. ušo lošaʔatša ! muhustsʔətsʔə \xe 'drop the hatchet! [and] it will not be sharp.' \xv 16. kinełtšnehet kimupušʰo lušałhaš ? \xe 'why did you not let him talk?' \xv 17. mušamušowu susiwe hemaʔam \xe 'the people did not allow the dogs to sleep in the houses.' \xv 18. tšamušʰo suskitkitwo \xe 'they leave an opening' (in the dam so some water can run out). \xv 19. mušiyušʰolit hałlahukiliklikʔe \xe 'they don’t let you sit down in peace.' \xv 20. mupušʰo luskumli hemišup ! \xe 'do not let it fell on the ground!' \xv 21. laukušʰo lokakʰkaxon mitsqanaqan̓ \xe 'I am going to leave my box at Ventura.' \xv 22. ʔan mukšuyušʰo hesikapʰe kəwə neʔekšutšohonəšpi \xe 'I do not want to leave off drinking coffee for I am already very used to coffee.' \xv 23. hukušłwúʔu hesikʰkawayu loʔisinowonmu kałʔəhə šitaštáʔaš \xe 'I am going to let my horses go.' \xv 24. muštapi hemišup, lakʔałsinowo kikakušʰo kiswoloyi \xe 'it is not fixed in the earth, it is only standing. I let go and it falls over.' \xv 25. tsʔip heʔišpoš lahukaqpalamaywu kʔuwe mukiyušʰošitšəši \xe 'he thought he was smarter than we were but we did not say it.' \xv 26. kimupušʰoyuw likiyapiyam lokakumeł; kʔuwe sunapayiyuw lokakumeł \xe 'lead us not into temptation but deliver us from evil.' \xv 27. neʔešiyušʰowunwaš lokašiyʔapʰanəšmuʔu yəlaʔa hesikuhkuʔu kineʔemusʔił hałku hešaʔapʔapʰanəsmuʔu \xe 'they had left their villages, there were no more people.' \xv 28. hukušoʔoł \xe 'I am going to let one go.' \xv 29. hukušołwuʔu \xe 'I am going to let two or more go.' \xv 30. tšamušʰoʔoł \xe 'they have left it.' \xv 31. hukušʰoʔoł hesiqunup lokasʔap \xe 'I am going to take this boy to his house' (said when I take a boy to his home, I accompany him). \sd verbs \sd body \sd animals \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.277.1; 91.426.3-443.3; Coyo90 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx utałtə \cf ʔutałtə \ce to be enemy of \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx utaqša \ps v \ge die suddenly \de to die suddenly \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \cf maxutaqša \ce to die suddenly (unexpectedly) \xv 1. no ʔan hukutaqša \xe 'I am going to die suddenly.' \xv 2. tšutaqša lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the man died a sudden death.' \xv 3. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tsalinowo kišutaqša kišwatipšokʔi \xe 'the man was standing and he died a sudden death.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.510.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx utaxmak \a utaxmák \ps v \ge frightened still, be \de to be frightened still \mr [] \xv 1. kutaxmak \xe 'I was surprised still.' \xv 2. kutaxmak \xe 'I jump back from a thing and was left surprised.' \xv 3. no ʔan kutaxmak \xe 'I am stunned or astonished at something that happens' (said when a person is writing and something happens and I remain stunned for a moment). \xv 4. tsamutaxmak \xe 'they all are frightened so that they stand stock still.' \xv 5. tšiyutaxšəkʔə lokaʔəqəy \xe 'the chickens are afraid' (when the hawk whistles). \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.511.2-512.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx utaxšə \ps v \ge feared, be \de to be feared \cf šutaxšəkʔə \ce to frighten; to scare suddenly \cf utaxšəkʔə \ce to be frightened; to be startled; to start \xv 1. mušutaxšənwu lokakuhkuʔu \xe 'it is not feared by the people.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 91.512.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx utaxšəkʔə \ps v \ge frightened, be \ge startled, be \ge start (be startled) \de to be frightened; to be startled; to start \mr [] \cf axskʔəy \ce to creak (as a tree makes) \cf šutaxšəkʔə \ce to frighten; to scare suddenly \cf utaxšə \ce to be feared \xv 1. kutaxšəkʔə \xe 'I was scared.' \xv 2. tšutaxšəkʔə \xe 'he was frightened.' \xv 3. tšutaxšəkʔə kišʰuwatšʔe \xe '[she] was startled and gave a scream.' \xv 4. tšiyutaxšəkʔ lokaʔəqəy \xe 'the chickens are afraid' (when the hawk whistles). \xv 5. no ʔan kutaxšəkʔə \xe 'I get a sudden scare or fright.' \xv 6. tšuštaʔap, mušpošʰotš huki ʔaluštʔey, tšutšaxšəkʔə kišʰuwatšʔə \xe 'she put her hand in and not knowing what it was that she was touching, she was startled and gave a scream.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.512.3-513.3; Glutton120 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx utenhes \ps v \ge breathe in sharply \ge take a quick breath \de to breathe in sharply; to take a quick breath \mr [] \cf enhes \ce breath; spirit; pulse \xv 1. tsutenhes \xe 'he takes a quick breath.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.514.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uti- \ps vpre \ge of a sudden \ge sudden, of a \ge of punctual action \ge punctual action, of \ge beginning action, of \ge INSTR.punctual \de of a sudden; of punctual action; of beginning action \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI uti- in utišiš ‘hard’ etc., INZ uti- ‘quickly; suddenly; starting an action; of a fall or blow’ (Whistler 1980: 36; SYBCI 2007: 403) \ee In INZ, with verbs, this prefix can refer to a fall, though Applegate (1970: 372) notes that its primary sense refers to sudden or inceptive action. Glossed as INSTR.punctual. \cf ʔutałtə \ce to be enemy of \cf ʔutinoʔoʔo \ce to do promptly oneself \cf alutikuy \ce to face in a direction \cf aqškutałputš \ce to think; to worry \cf aqskʔutiwə \ce friend \cf ?aqškutiwəš \ce to play with \cf kʔitutišihitš \ce to be somewhat hard \cf maqutapəti \ce to run up \cf maqutitotsʔi \ce to kick smn/smth while running \cf maxutaqša \ce to die suddenly (unexpectedly) \cf naxutinaʔał \ce to do/go rowdily \cf qałtsutiłmu \ce petticoats; underskirts \cf sutiqlay \ce to cause to slip \cf sutiyək \ce to put inside; to fill; to put on (said of food on a dish) \cf šalutikuy \ce to look in a certain direction \cf šaqškutałputš \ce to consider; to think about; to be of an opinion \cf šaqutašəwš \ce to ask (?speak up) \cf šutaxšəkʔə \ce to frighten; to scare suddenly \cf šutišihitš \ce to make hard; to flex \cf ?šutiqipəʔəš \ce caulking \cf utaqša \ce to die suddenly \cf utenhes \ce to breathe in sharply; to take a quick breath \cf utiʔił \ce to be under \cf utikay \ce to hide oneself \cf utimay \ce to extinguish suddenly \cf utiməʔək \ce to be very far off \cf utimowhoʔoʔo \ce to be as sweet as \cf utipołwoyotš \ce to twist quickly; to give a quick twist \cf utiqip \ce to fill \cf utiqlay \ce to slip \cf utišihitš \ce to be hard; to be tough \cf utiteqpeʔey \ce to stick to suddenly; to land on suddenly \cf utitšnunux \ce to fall headlong; to fall over one’s head \cf utixaʔax \ce to be so big \cf utiyəʔət \ce to be on a side \cf utuqštahay \ce to quickly become red \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \rf 92.663.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx utiʔił \ps v \ge under, be \de to be under \mr [] \cf qałtsutiłmu \ce petticoats; underskirts \xv 1. tsutiʔił \xe 'this paper is below the other paper.' \xv 2. tšišutiʔił \xe 'two are under.' \xv 3. tsiyutiʔił \xe 'three are under.' \xv 4. lokaʔalutiʔił kasʔixtə \xe 'that which is below the roof' (i.e., 'ceiling'). \xv 5. tsutiʔiłpi lokałkʔay \xe 'it’s below what’s on top.' \xn 'está debajo de lo que está encima.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd locations \rf 90.90.1; 91.514.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx utikay \ps v \ge hide oneself \de to hide oneself \mr [] \cf sutikay \ce to hide smth \cf suyutikay \ce to want/try to hide oneself \xv 1. kʰan ʔisamsukupinuswu ʔan tsinaʔał kisiyutikay \xe 'when you hold light and light, they go and hide themselves.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.521.3-522.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx utikuy \ps v \ge look to the side \de to look to the side \cf alutikuy \ce to face in a direction \cf kuya \ce to turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \cf šalutikuy \ce to look in a certain direction \xv 1. kihesutikuy loʔkaʔixša ʔan tsqisə ʔiskitwo xwetét \xe 'and he saw to the side of the ash heap Frog emerge.' \xv 2. kšalutikuy \xe 'we two are looking in a certain direction.' \xv 3. hekalutikuy ʔatʔapliʔiš \xe 'I face east.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 89.280.4-281.1; Travels \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx utimay \ps v \ge extinguish suddenly \de to extinguish suddenly \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. tsutimay \xe 'it goes out of a sudden.' \xv 2. tsmay \xe '[the fire or lamp] went out.' \sd verbs \sd fire \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.524.1; 92.663.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx utiməʔək \ps v \ge far off, be very \de to be very far off \mr [] \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \xv 1. kinetšnehet kilasutiməʔək \xe 'because it is very far off.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.524.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx utimowhoʔoʔo \ps v \ge sweet as, be as \de to be as sweet as \mr [] \cf mowh \ce smth sweet; candy made from molasses \cf mowho \ce to be sweet \xv 1. kikasisinay ʔisihinʔalmowho, ʔan mulasutimowhoʔoʔo mukašnehet kasihinʔałmowho lokaʔawexa \xe 'it deposits its honey, but it is not as sweet honey as what the bee makes.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.524.3 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx -utinay̓- \ps vroot \ge cradle, be in a \ge fastened to a cradle \de be in a cradle; to be fastened to a cradle \ee See possible relationship to aqškutinuy ‘to amuse oneself.’ \cf ʔutinay̓ \ce cradle; Y-cradleboard \cf utinay̓itš \ce to be in a cradle; to be fastened to a cradle \cf sutinay̓ \ce to put in a cradle (said of a baby) \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx utinay̓itš \ps v \ge cradle, be in a \ge fastened to a cradle, be \de to be in a cradle; to be fastened to a cradle \mr [] \cf sutinay̓ \ce to put in a cradle (said of a baby) \xv 1. nee sutinay̓itš \xe 'he is already tied on cradle.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.526.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx utinowo \ps v \ge stand up, quickly \ge erect onself quickly \de to quickly stand up; to erect onself quickly \ee Harrington states this means the same as kʔilinowo. \mr [] \sy kʔilinowo \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. kutinowo \xe 'I get up in a hurry from where I am sitting or lying.' \xv 2. kušʰo, kišutinowo \xe 'I let go, and it quickly erects itself.' \xv 3. tsutinowo saʔapətinaš \xe 'the slope is very steep up' (literally, the slope rises quickly). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH \rf 90.65.4; 91.527.1-527.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx utipep \ps v \ge snatch up \de to snatch up \mr [] \xv 1. tsutipepit \xe 'he snatched it away from me.' \xv 2. kisutipeyus lokatšotšonəʔəš \xe 'it snatches the fish away from him.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.527.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx utipołwoyotš \ps v \ge twist quickly \ge give a quick twist \de to twist quickly; to give a quick twist \mr [] \cf połwoyo \ce to twist \cf połwoyotš \ce to be twisted \cf woyo \ce to braid \xv 1. no ʔan kutipołwoyotš \xe 'I give it a quick twist.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.528.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx utiqip \ps v \ge fill \de to fill \mr [] \cf iqip \ce to fill; to be full \cf sutiqip \ce to plug; to fill \cf ?šutiqipəʔəš \ce caulking \xv 1. neʔesutiqip \xe 'it is filled.' \xv 2. neʔesiyutiqip \xe 'they 3+ plus are filled.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.522.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx utiqlay \ps v \ge slip \de to slip \mr [] \cf sutiqlay \ce to cause to slip \xv 1. kutiqlay \xe 'I slipped.' \xv 2. tsutiqlay \xe 'he slipped.' \xv 3. no ʔan kutiqlay \xe 'I slip down' (as on a banana peel). \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.523.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx utišihitš \ps v \ge hard, be \ge tough, be \de to be hard; to be tough \gn duro, estar \dn estar duro \mr [] \cf kʔitutišihitš \ce to be somewhat hard \cf šutišihitš \ce to make hard; to flex \xv tšutišihitš ʔitišimišup \xe 'the ground is hard here.' \xv 1. tšutisihitš \xe 'it is tough or hard' (e.g., meat). \xv 2. tšutišihitš heʔišʔapətəʔəš sʔastipił \xe 'his footsole is thick/hard' (said of a barefoot Indian). \xv 3. tšutišihitš šuʔamušpay \xe 'it is hard to dig.' \xv 4. neʔešutišihitš hesipon̓ \xe 'this wood is hard.' \xv 5. no ʔan kʰutišihitš [sic, kšutišihitš] hesikʔamamə kasikʔaxpilił \xe 'I make all the muscles of my body tense and sinews.' \xv 6. lokasʔamə kaʔonyoko ʔan tšutišihitš \xe 'the meat of the shark is tough.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.286.1, 314.4; 91.529.1-530.1; 94.370.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx utiteqpeʔey \ps v \ge stick to suddenly \ge land on suddenly \de to stick to suddenly; to land on suddenly \mr [] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \xv 1. sinawasxoyoyo ʔan lasiwałnałnaʔał lanawaʔa tsutiteqpeʔey \xe 'when it flies it flits around here and there and lands suddenly' (said of the flight of a fly). \sd verbs \sd animals \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.530.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx utitšnunux \ps v \ge fall headlong \ge fall over one’s head \de to fall headlong; to fall over one’s head \ee The root of this word is unclear, but it may be ͽnux(š) ‘nose.’ The lack of the final sibilant is problematic. \mr [] \cf nuxš \ce nose \xv 1. tšutitšnunux \xe 'he falls right over his head' (said of lassoed bull, man running, etc.). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.530.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx utiwon \rd utiwtiwon \ps v \ge sob \de to sob \ee Note that only reduplicated examples of this word are given. \mr [] \cf iwon \ce to sound; to make chirping noises; to groan; to bray; to crow; to moo; to howl; to croak; to sing (said of birds) \xv 1. kutiwtiwon ksusuyamiš \xe 'I sob and want to cry.' \xv 2. tsutiwtiwon tšʰušuyamiš \xe 'she is sobbing (m m m m), she wants to cry.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.531.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx utiwtiwon \ps v \ge sob.REDUP \de to sob.REDUP \cf utiwon \ce to sob \sd reduplications \dt 01/Feb/2011 \lx utixaʔaʔax \ps v \ge big, be so.REDUP \de to be so big.REDUP \cf utixaʔax \ce to be so big \sd reduplications \dt 01/Feb/2011 \lx utixaʔax \rd utixaʔaʔax \ps v \ge big, be so \de to be so big \mr [] \cf xaʔax \ce to be big; to be fat; to be large; to be thick \xv 1. mulasutixaʔaʔax (Ϟor mulasutixaʔax) \xe 'it is not very big.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.528.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx utixay \ps v \ge accompany others \de to accompany others \ee Cannot add ͽ-wu. \xv 1. kaʔnoʔ, kitsepawitʰ, ʔan kutixaywaš \xe 'and I, Kitsepawit, stayed.' \xv 2. tsutixay \xe 'he goes with others to another place' (means with several, not with one). \sd number \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.528.4; Coyo88 \dt 27/Dec/2018 \lx utiyəʔət \a utiyət \va (utiyət) \ps v \ge be on a side \de to be on a side \ee Note that this verb requires specification as to what side of smth another thing is on. \mr [] \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. lo sał lo sutiyəʔət lomotʔo \xe 'the one is on the other side.' \xv 2. he sał ʔiti sutiyəʔət \xe 'the one on this side.' \xv 3. ikšit losikaxon sałlomotʔo tsutiyəʔət \xe 'give me that box that is on the other side over there.' \xv 4. lokalutiyəʔət ʔalałpuy \xe 'the box which is upright.' \xv 5. lokalutiyəʔət hesikʰkuyuw \xe 'that which is to my right side.' \xv 6. ʔalutiyəʔət hesikʰkuyuw \xe 'it is at my right.' \xv 7. tsutiyəʔət hesikʰkuyuw \xe 'it is on my right side.' \xv 8. tsutiyəʔət hesikʰkaw \xe 'it is at left side.' \xv 9. no ʔan ksuyanaʔał kutiyətus lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am favorable to that man, I am in favor of that man' (e.g., in legal case). \sd verbs \sd common \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.515.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx utiyək \a utiyəkʰ \ps v \ge contained in, be \ge inside, be \de to be contained in; to be inside \cf ʔutiyəkmu \ce buggy; transportation \cf sutiyək \ce to put inside; to fill; to put on (said of food on a dish) \cf tsʔutiyək \ce container; dish; womb \cf tšutiyəkwutš \ce insides of a woman \cf utiyəkli \ce to stay to (trail, etc.) \cf utiyəkutš \ce ?dead mother \xv 1. tšišutiyək \xe 'they two are in [the sack].' \xv 2. tsiyutitiyək \xe 'the three plus [knives] are in the sack.' \xv 3. no ʔan kutiyək šimeš \xe 'I am inside a sack.' \xv 4. ʔan tsutiyək hešikpoš, lakəkš lokaknəwəš ʔan hulutiyək hešikpoš \xe 'only my song shall be in my heart.' \xv 5. kayəlaʔa lokanununašəʔəš kaliyutiyək heʔismaʔam katimew̓̓ \xe 'and all the animals that were in the rabbit.' \xv 6. lokaʔəqəy ʔan musʔił tsʰa, ʔan tsʔił ʔismixəp tsiyutiyək siqəpqəʔəp kikałʔiyaqisə lokaqəpqəʔəp sałʔuw \xe 'the hen has no teeth, but a gizzard and it contains stones and grins its food fine.' \xv 7. kʔuwe saʔałmasəx sikukuʔu ʔan tsiyutiyək lyos \xe 'but three people are contained in God.' \xv 8. tšiwalaməš saʔaliyutiyək \xe 'the things in it are heavy.' \xv 9. kiyutiyəki saʔaliyaš \xe 'we went in the road.' \xv 10. hukšuškuyił hesalutiyək sikwawli \xe 'I am going to show you what I have in my trunk.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd locations \lg TJPH \rf 91.516.1-520.2; Coyo8, 35 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx utiyəkli \ps v \ge stay to (trail, etc.) \de to stay to (trail, etc.) \mr [] \cf utiyək \ce to be contained in; to be inside \xv 1. latšə ʔišiyuliʔiš, šaʔaliyaš, musʔił ʔiʔaloxonišpi, mitʔi ʔiʔaliyaš ʔan latšə ʔisiyutiyəkli \xe 'mules always take the road, they fear nothing, and even if the trail is only a narrow trail they always stick to it.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.520.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx utiyəkutš \ps n \ge ?dead mother \de ?dead mother \ee The meaning of this word is unclear based on the morphology and the single example. \mr [] \cf utiyək \ce to be contained in; to be inside \xv 1. ksumay lokakutiyəkutš \xe 'I miss my dead mother.' \sd people \sd idioms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.521.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx utoqʔop \a utoqʔopʰ \a utoqop \va (utoqop) \ps v \ge dive \de to dive \xv 1. kutoqop \xe 'I dive.' \xv 2. hukutoqop \xe 'I am going to dive head first.' \xv 3. kisutoqʔopʰ \xe 'he dove.' \xv 4. susutoqʔop \xe 'the dive he would have to make.' \xv 5. kutoqop heʔsoʔo \xe 'I dive in the water.' \xv 6. kikasapinuna heʔalałpay kisutoqop \xe 'he dives from on high' (said of a bird diving into water from high in the air.' \xv 7. kutoqopwaš \xe 'I had dived.' \xv 8. nee kutoqopwaš \xe 'I have already dived.' \xv 9. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalutoqop \xe 'diving birds.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd water \sd motion \sd common \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.531.2-533.2; Daughter20 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx utuqštahay \ps v \ge red, quickly become \de to quickly become red \mr [] \cf uqštahay \ce to be red \xv 1. tšutuqštahay \xe 'it quickly becomes red.' \sd verbs \sd colors \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.533.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx utʔaʔaw \a utʔaw \a utʔàw \a ʔutʔaw \ps v \ge hunt \de to hunt \cf ʔałʔalutʔawš \ce hunter \cf ʔutʔawəʔəš \ce smth for hunting small game \xv 1. kihusiyutʔaʔaw sitimew̓ \xe 'that they hunt rabbits.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukutʔaʔaw sixus \xe 'I am going bear hunting.' \xv 3. ʔašnəm huputʔaʔaw hałwə ? \xe 'when are you going to hunt deer?' \xv 4. no ʔan hukutʔaʔaw kəwə ktʔoloq \xe 'I am going to hunt because I am hungry.' \xv 5. tsasʰunanwu sikukuʔu lokaxʔanwa kihusiyutʔaʔaw sitimew̓ \xe 'she commanded the people to hunt rabbits.' \xv 6. kutʔaw \xe 'I went hunting.' \sd verbs \sd hunting \rf 91.533.4-534.3, 536.4; Glutton21 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx utʔaw \cf utʔaʔaw \ce to hunt \sd variations \dt 20/Feb/2012 \lx -utš \rd -uʔutš \cf -Vtš \ce property verbalizing suffix \sd variations \dt 27/Jun/2018 \lx uw \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \sd variations \dt 08/Nov/2011 \lx -uw \ps vsuf \de applicative suffix \ee This is likely a misspelling of ͽ-us, caused by the proximity of Ϟw to Ϟs on typewriters. \cf -us \ce applicative suffix \xv 1. ʔisukʔuyətuw hesipinəw \xe 'sing ye nice!' \xv 2. laʔkʰan pqisə hałku ʔałkumeł ʔisenhes, ʔan weleqenuw \xe 'then you will see a man with a bad spirit, get rid of him!' \sd variations \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uwʔuwliloʔo \ps v \ge eat up.REDUP \ge eat completely.REDUP \de to eat up.REDUP; to eat completely.REDUP \cf ʔuwʔuwliloʔo \ce to eat up.REDUP; to eat completely.REDUP \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uwamoxloł \ps v \ge purr \ge make a death rattle \ge death rattle, make a \de to purr; to make a death rattle \mr [] \cf moxloł \ce phlegm (in the lungs) \xv 1. tsuwamoxloł loʔkakatù \xe 'the cat purrs.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd lifecycle \sd body \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.933.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uwapmiš \ps v \ge yelp \de to yelp \mr ?[] \cf miš \ce to cry \xv 1. tšuwapʰmiš \xe 'he yelps' (said of a dog’s sudden cries). \sd verbs \sd language \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.754.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uwaqisəʔə \ps v \ge go over to another place to see \de to go over to another place to see \mr [] \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \cf qisəʔə \ce to go to see \xv 1. hukuwaqisəʔə \xe 'I am going to go over to another place to see.' \sd body \sd motion \sd directions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.518.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -uwaš \a -uwàš \ge DEPR \de depreciative noun suffix \cf -iwaš \ce depreciative noun suffix \sd variations \dt 27/Jun/2018 \lx uwaštəwəkš \ps v \ge blue, be \de to be blue \mr [] \cf aštəwəkš \ce to be green \xv 1. tsuwaštəwəkš, ʔi štəqšaʔàs \xe 'it is blue color.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd colors \lg TJPH \rf 70.65.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx uwaštinaʔał \ps v \ge carry along \de to carry along \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf tinaʔał \ce to be stubborn; to be stalwart \xv 1. tšuliʔiš pakeʔet loʔkamiyaš kiloʔkatsʔohoy ʔan tšuwaštinaʔał loʔkamiyaš kasʰukumli loʔištək kisʰaqutikumelus loʔkatsʔohoy \xe 'one man holds the cord and the other carries the string along and he arrives at the (other) tip and he puts the string exactly opposite' (where it is held at the first point). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH \rf Tomol86-88 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uwatiyətš \a uwatiyə́tš \ps v \ge report to \de to report to \gn reportarse \dn reportarse \mr ?[] \cf ?tiyət \ce to move closer to \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. kašnikʔoyì loʔkaʔalaxuwəł kaʔalapʰanitš, kišuwatiyə́tš loʔkałʔił loʔkaʔəmə \xe 'and the coyote of the village returned he reported to the mute one.' \sd verbs \sd language \rf Roadrunner220-221 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx uwlilo \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \sd variations \dt 18/Feb/2012 \lx uxmal- \a uxman- \va (uxman-) \ps prepnd \ge pushing/pulling motion \de pushing/pulling motion \ee This is also the prepound for the verb ͽuxmałhi ‘to wash.’ Glossed as INSTR.pushing/pulling when used as a prefix. \mr [] \cf uxmałhitš \ce to wash smth/smwh regularly \cf uxmałhin \ce to wash smth \cf uxmałtap \ce to poke or ram (as with a stick) \cf uxmanstəqš \ce to wash one’s face \sd roots \sd prepounds \sd instrumentals \lg JPH; TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uxmałhin \ps v \ge wash smth \de to wash smth \mr [] \cf ʔuxmałhinaʔaš \ce washboard \cf uxmałhitš \ce to wash smth/smwh regularly \xv 1. kuxmałhin \xe 'I wash' (clothes, utensils, etc.). \xv 2. kuxmałhin siplato \xe 'I washed a dish.' \xv 3. kuxmałhinwu siplatu \xe 'I washed the dishes.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.408.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uxmałhitš \rd uxuxmałhitš \a uxmałhiʔitš \va (uxmałhiʔitš) \ps v \ge wash smth/smwh regularly \de to wash smth/smwh regularly \ee Harrington lists uxmałhiʔitš and uxmałhitš as separate forms. \mr [] \cf uxmałhin \ce to wash smth \xv 1. hukuxmałhitš \xe 'I am going to wash it.' \xv 2. tšuxuxmałhitš lokaxʔanwa \xe 'the woman is washing.' \xv 3. tšiyuxmałhiʔitš hesuʔutʔam \xe 'they went over to the river to wash.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd household \lg TJPH \rf 91.408.1, 409.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uxmałtap \ps v \ge poke (as with a stick) \ge ram (as with a stick) \de to poke or ram (as with a stick) \ee Can be used of cleaning a rifle with a ramrod. \mr [] \cf ʔuxmałtapəʔəš \ce ramrod \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \xv 1. kuxmałtapus \xe 'I shove a stick with pushing-pulling motion' (into a rat nest or animal hole). \xv 2. kuxmałtap \xe 'I poke a stick shovingly' (into a ratnest, etc.). \xv 3. pon̓ ʔi uxmałtapəš \xe 'a poking stick.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.881.1; 91.409.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uxmanstəqš \ps v \ge wash one’s face \de to wash one’s face \mr [] \cf təq \ce eye/face \xv 1. kuxmanstəqš \xe 'I washed my face.' \sd verbs \sd routine \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.410.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx uxnatskaw \ps v \ge make mistake \ge mistake, make \ge make an error \ge error, make an \de to make a mistake; to make an error \mr [] \cf atskaw \ce to meet with an accident; to meet with an incident (good or bad) \xv 1. kuxmatskaw \xe 'I make a mistake' (when talking, writing, etc.). \xv 2. latšə sikuxnatskaw \xe 'I am always making mistakes.' \sd common \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.410.3-411.1; 94.368.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uxni \a uxni- \va (uxni-) \ps prepnd \ge forsake \ge leave \ge desert \ge of movement from \ge ABL \de to forsake; to leave; to desert; of movement from \ee Glossed as ABL (ablative) when used as an instrumental prefix. \cf suxni \ce to chase away; to scare away \cf suxniwəy \ce to stop from fighting \cf uxnatskaw \ce to make a mistake; to make an error \cf uxninikʔoyi \ce to be sorry; to repent; to change one's mind \cf uxniwəwə \ce to hurry \xv 1. kuxni \xe 'I ran from the place' (when I was scared). \xv 2. pakeʔet sałmusuxni \xe 'one refused to run away.' \xv 3. yəlaʔa lokapenew ʔan tsiyuxni hesiyeqenli miluk lokašə \xe 'all the seals leave the foot of the cliff.' \xv 4. latsʔił ʔisiʔiwašałkitwo kikasuxni \xe 'when a lot of the yellowjackets come out in a bunch, he runs away.' \xv 5. tsuxniyus \xe 'he went off and left him.' \xv 6. no ʔan hukuxniyiyuw \xe 'I am going to leave him.' \xv 7. no ʔan hukuxniyus \xe 'I am going to leave him without telling him.' \xv 8. kuxniyił \xe 'I leave you without telling you.' \xv 9. tsuxniyit hekakšatiwə \xe 'my wife left me.' \xv 10. tšnunaʔał saʔatʔaxatš \xe 'a man went off with my wife.' \xv 11. numiš suxniyus loʔkasʔap xwetét \xe 'he withdrew somewhat from Frog's house.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd prepounds \sd instrumentals \lg JPH \rf 90.411.2-413.1; Travels59 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uxninikʔoyi \ps v \ge sorry, be \ge repent \ge change one's mind \de to be sorry; to repent; to change one's mind \gn arrepintirse \dn arrepintirse \mr [] \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \xv 1. kuxninikʔoyi \xe 'I thought of doing a thing and then changed mind and went back on the proposition' ; 'I am sorry for something.' \xv 2. tsuxninikʔoyi lokaxʔanwa kikasʔipus lokaštałhəw \xe 'woman repented and said to her baby.' \xv 3. huštapušwaʔaš ʔan mušnatwaʔaš kəwə (Ϟor kʔuwe) suxninikʔoyi \xe 'he was intending to visit him, but he did not go for/but he repented.' \xv 4. kakanaʔaʔay ʔan hupšaqškutałputš sipatsatsakaʔaw, kumpisał yəlaʔa, hupuxninikʔoyi, hupsuyeqweł šiwašətš \xe 'you consider first your sins, confess with repentance all the mortal sins and intend to make amends.' \sd verbs \sd religion \sd neologisms \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.413.2-414.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uxniwəwə \a uxniwəwən \va (uxniwəwən-) \ps v \ge hurry \de to hurry \mr [] \cf iwəwə \ce to quiver; to palpitate \cf suxniwəwə \ce to hurry smn; to rush smn \xv 1. tsuxniwəwə \xe 'he is in a hurry.' \xv 2. maʔałʔaluxniwəwəni \xe 'it never hurries.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.414.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uxpuy \ps v \ge blow water \ge spout \de to blow water; to spout \mr [] \cf ʔuxpuyaʔaš \ce blowhole; instrument for sprinkling floor \cf puy \ce dew \cf suxpuy \ce to add water \cf uqpuy \ce to slop water onto \xv 1. no ʔan hukuxpuy \xe 'I take water in my mouth and then blow it out.' \xv 2. tsuxpuy \xe 'he blows water' (said of a whale). \sd animals \sd water \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.415.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uxš \ps v \ge stink \ge smell bad \ge bad, smell \ge smell strongly \ge strongly, smell \de to stink; to smell bad; to smell strongly \gn heder \dn heder \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI uqš ‘to stink,’ INZ uqš ‘to stink; to smell strong or badly,’ PUY oqš ‘to stink,’ OBI -qsi ‘to stink’ (Whistler 1980: 35; SYBCI 2007: 394; Klar 19__b: 19) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv uqtš \pde to stink.DIM; to smell bad.DIM; to smell strongly.DIM \cf ʔuxšaʔaš \ce smell \cf unuʔuxš \ce to stink in the morning \cf yutʔuxš \ce to smell smth \xv 1. tšuxš \xe 'it stinks.' \xv 2. kaʔaluxš \xe 'something that stinks.' \xv 2. no ʔan kuxš \xe 'I stink.' \xv 3. tšuxš hešoʔoxšoləš \xe 'this urine smells bad.' \xv 4. tšuxš siptot \xe 'the end of your penis stinks.' \xv 5. tšuxš ʔan lamitʔi \xe 'it has a faint smell.' \xv 6. tšuxš siptili \xe 'your vagina stinks.' \xv 7. yəlaʔa heʔisʔamamə ʔan tšʰošoy kaʔišituš ʔan tšuxš \xe 'his whole body is black and his wind breaking smells bad.' \xv 8. tšuxš \xe 'it stinks.' \sd common \sd body \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 93.332.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx uxt- \cf uqtʔ- \ce by internal heat \sd variations \dt 27/Jun/2018 \lx uxtisaw \cf uxtišaw \ce to be warm \sd variations \dt 06/Sep/2011 \lx uxtišaw \a uxtisaw \va (uxtisaw-) \ps v \ge warm, be \de to be warm \ee This is said of being warm as from being under blankets, but not from getting warm from being near a fire. \mr [] \cf apaqša \ce to be hot from the weather \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \cf oxmoł \ce to become warm \cf šuxtišaw \ce to warm smth (not by means of a fire) \xv 1. no ʔan kuxtišaw \xe 'I am quite warm.' \xv 2. hukšuxtišaw hesəʔəqəy \xe 'I am going to warm this chicken' (by wrapping it in blankets or holding it against my breast, etc., but not by putting it near a fire). \sd verbs \sd common \sd heat \sd senses \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.35.1-2, 420.1-420.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uxtšʔək \cf ʔuxtšʔəkəʔəš \ce spittoon \cf ʔuxtšʔəkəš \ce spit (not in mouth) \cf axnapay \ce to expel from the mouth; to vomit out \cf moxloł \ce phlegm (in the lungs) \se I \ps n \ge saliva \ge spit (inside mouth) \de saliva; spit (inside mouth) \xv 1. hesikuxtšʔək \xe 'my saliva.' \xv 2. tsaxsəw hesikʔək musʔił kuxtšʔək \xe 'my mouth is dry, I have no salive.' \se II \ps v \ge spit \de to spit \gn escupir \dn escupir \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv uxtšʔəkpi \pde spit.APL.LOC \xv 1. tšuxtšʔək \xe 'he spits.' \xv 2. uxtšʔək ! \xe 'spit it out!' \xv 3. kuxtšʔək \xe 'I spit' (phlegm or spittal). \xv 4. hukuxtšʔək \xe 'I am going to spit.' \xv 5. tšuxtšʔək saʔan \xe 'he spat blood.' \xv 6. kuxtšʔəkpi hesikpu \xe 'I spit on my hands' (as I do when digging). \sd body \sd phrases \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.420.3-421.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx uyeqpey \ps v \ge imitate \de to imitate \mr [] \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \xv 1. tsuyeqpeyus lokahaw \xe 'he imitates the fox' (as a man would imitate a fox in a fox dance). \sd verbs \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.490.4; 91.356.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx uṣtopokʔi \cf uštopokʔi \ce to shove along; to push along \sd variations \dt 06/Sep/2011 \lx wa- \ps vpre \de –meaning uncertain– \ee The meaning of this instrumental verbal prefix of uncertain. It forms a collocation with ͽti- ‘augmentative’ to form the instrumental prefix ͽwati- ‘of disjointedness.’ Words with this collocation may also be found under the entry for that prefix. \cf ʔixweteqpeyeš \ce imitation \cf ixweteqpeyus \ce to imitate \cf suwamitʔiʔin \ce to use consonant diminutivism \cf suwaxaʔax \ce to sound deep (as when speaking or otherwise vocalizing) \cf suwetsʔek \ce to spread smn's legs \cf wanaʔał \ce to be custom; to be typical \cf watiqwis \ce to have a hernia \cf waxułhek \ce to flame up \cf wonoqš \ce to be banded; to have one stripe around the body \cf wonwonoqš \ce to be striped around the body \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd uncertain \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -wa \a -wà \ps vsuf \ge RESM \de resumptive verbal suffix \ee Glossed as RESM. \xv 1. kasexé kiskimiyiʔì ʔispəyəpəyə kikasiyapiyamwa loʔkapawapaw kikasʔuwlilowà \xe 'when he ate all he again shook his head and flies fell down and he ate them up.' \xv 2. tsʰunaʔałwa \xe 'he came back again to take it.' \xv 3. tsʰunaʔałwa ʔišmiš \xe 'he carried on his crying again.' \sd grammar \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \lg TJPH \rf 82.21.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -waʔaš \a -waʔàš \ps suf \ge PST.REDUP \de past tense suffix.REDUP \cf -waš \ce past tense suffix \sd reduplications \dt 12/Dec/2011 \lx waʔay \a waʔaʔay \va (waʔaʔay) \ps vimp \ge ancient/old things, having to do with \de having to do with ancient/old things \cf tinawayutš \ce to tell about ancient things \xv 1. nawaʔaʔay ʔi ku \xe 'a very old person.' \xv 2. lokakmamawaš ʔan lawaʔaʔay ʔišeqenutš nunasiʔił hałšukepeš \xe 'my grandmother was born long ago when there were not any baptized people yet.' \xv 3. lokanawaʔaʔay ʔan kumkumeʔeł šaʔaliyaš, ʔəhə simahmahaʔa kaʔisxʔomxʔomohʔo kasixəpxəʔəp \xe 'before there were not good roads, they were gulchy and chuckholy and stony.' \sd roots \sd vroots \sd chronometry \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 92.662.2; 93.352.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wak \hm 1 \ps n \ge rail species \de rail species \ee Described as a buff colored bird about 10 in (25.4 cm) long and slender. It had a browning yellow bill, and it was considered a marsh bird. Originally identified as the 'California clapper rail,' the physical description given better matches that of the Virginia rail (the presence of the clapper rail in Ventureño Chumash territory is also not established). \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.646.2-648.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wak \sc Salix laevigata \hm 2 \ps n \ge red willow \ge willow, red \de red willow \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (180 181). \sd plants \sd nature \sd trees \lg JPH \rf 81.89.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx waka \ps n \ge cow \de cow \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI waka ‘cow,’ OBI paka ‘cow’ (Whistler 1980: 49; Klar 19—a: 39) \mr [] \xv 1. huksimałtəł siwaka \xe 'I am going to lasso the cow.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd mammals \sd animals \sd husbandry \lg TJPH \dt 16/Jul/2019 \lx wakapi \ps v \ge wait \de to wait \cf wakapiʔiʔi \ce to do slowly \xv 1. wakapi wakapi kitaqtaq sałʔamipʰpi hesi tšohoy ʔišup \xe 'wait wait, I hear that which they say in the other world.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Stinkbeetle8 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wakapiʔiʔi \rd wakwakapiʔiʔi \ps v \ge do slowly \ge slowly, do \de to do slowly \mr [] \cf wakapi \ce to wait \xv 1. wakapiʔiʔi \xe 'do it slowly.' \xv 2. tswakapiʔiʔi \xe 'it moves slowly.' \xv 3. tswakapiʔiʔi ʔisixut \xe 'it moves slowly.' \xv 4. lakwakapiʔiʔi saknipʔow \xe 'I bend it slowly.' \xv 5. laswakwakapiʔiʔi \xe 'it sticks its head out slowly.' \xv 6. hukušmaxyət lahukʰwakapiʔiʔi \xe 'I am going to pull it slowly.' \xv 7. lahupwakwakapiʔiʔi supispuwe \xe 'you can pay little by little.' \xv 8. ksaqutałtə hesikalesa, kikəpə ʔan hukušmaxyət, kilahuswakapiʔiʔi susyamtiʔiy \xe 'I am going to put a stone under the wheel of a wagon, I am going to pull it, that it goes down slowly.' \xv 9. tšniwniwixpey lokaʔaqtəwəw ; laswakwakapiʔiʔi ʔisaqtəwəw \xe 'the wind kept coming more and more, stronger and stronger' ; 'the wind abated gradually abate.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \rf 91.566.2-567.4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx wakimariʔi \ps n \ge wakimariʔi \de game played by running and kicking a biliard-sized ball \ee San Fernando dialect called this game ͽʔiwokoʔokʰ, game said to originate from this area. \sd gaming \sd borrowings \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 69.860 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wakiya \ps n \ge heifer \de heifer \ee Harrington notes that this word was not much used. \mr [] \sd animals \sd mammals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd husbandry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.728.1 \dt 16/Jul/2019 \lx wakʔanəš \ps v \ge many on top of many, be \de to be many on top of many \mr [] \cf ikuwakʔanəš \ce to be on top of \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \xv 1. tsiwakʔanəš \xe 'they are on top of others, many on top of many' (such as bees in a swarm). \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.570.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wakʔay \ps v \ge top of, be on \ge be on top of \de to be on top of \ee Note the obligatory use of an object suffix or, for the third person, the applicative ͽ-pi. \cf ʔałwakʔay \ce surface \cf ʔanmaxwakʔay̓ \ce wild cucumber \cf aliwakʔay \ce to lie on top of smth \cf ikuwakʔanəš \ce to be on top of \cf ikuwakʔay \ce to piled one on top of another \cf iwalawakʔay \ce to fall from \cf suwakʔay \ce to set down \cf wakʔanəš \ce to be many on top of many \cf walawakʔay \ce to get on and off of quickly \xv 1. tsamwakʔayit \xe 'they are on top of me.' \xv 2. tswakʔaypiwu \xe 's/he is on top of them.' \xv 3. tswakʔaypi lokaxəp \xe 'it is on top of the rock.' \xv 4. tswakʔaypiwu lokałʔiškom̓ kapon̓ \xe 'it lies on top of those two boards.' \xv 5. lokasʰumlelu ʔan tswakwakʔay losilamesa \xe 'his hat is on the table.' \xv 6. hesipon̓ ʔan tswakʔaywu hesikaxkaxoʔon \xe 'this board is on top of those boxes.' \xv 7. hesixʔanwa ʔan hałtsqałtsutiłmu \xe 'this woman doesn’t have any underskirts.' \xn 'esta mujer no tiene faldillas nada.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd descriptions \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 90.90.1; 91.568.2-570.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wal- \a wał- \a woł- \a wuł- \va (wał-, woł-, wuł-) \ps vpre \ge by wrapping \ge wrapping, by \ge by covering \ge covering, by \ge by swathing \ge swathing, by \de by wrapping; by covering; by swathing \ee Glossed as INSTR.swathing. \cf ?ʔałʔałwatʔałtə \ce contrarian \cf ʔałwałpštəhə \ce lizard species \cf aquwałmay \ce to shade; to cast shadow \cf iqwałnikʔoyi \ce to sew over and over \cf ?niwatapuʔus \ce to enter to fight with \cf nuwałnaʔał \ce to leave angry/discontented \cf nuwantspakeʔet \ce to take with one hand \cf saquwałmaypi \ce to shade smn \cf suwałkinomnomoy \ce to roll smth around \cf tiwałtu \ce to wear two of something \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhu \ce to cuddle oneself up in blankets \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhunaʔaš \ce blankets wrapped about oneself \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhutš \ce to be cuddled up with blankets around oneself \cf tiwanskəʔət \ce to put on an apron or dress on onself; to gird oneself with clothes (said by women only) \cf tiwołkʔom \ce to hug (not said of doing to a person) \cf wałkənkənəʔət \ce to be wrapped around \cf wałnəhə \ce to make fire with firesticks \cf wałnəhənəʔəš \ce fire stick (drill) \cf wałnikʔoyi \ce to loosen (string of violin) \cf wałpštəhə \ce to throw with the finger \cf wałqawawatš \ce to spread one’s wings \cf wałtsəx \ce to tighten (string of violin) \cf ?watʔałtə \ce to contradict; to go against; to be antidote \cf ?watʔałtəmu \ce to be an enemy of \cf wułpsuy \ce to drizzle (like rain) \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wał \rd wałwaʔał \rd wałwał \cf niwał \ce to pierce; to perforate \cf niwalutš \ce to be pierced; to be perforated \cf quluwał \ce to bore with twists \cf suwał \ce to make a hole in \cf wiwał \ce to bore hole in \se I \ps n \ge hole \ge piercing \de hole; piercing \xv 1. keqwelus ʔiswał \xe 'I made a hole in it.' \xv 2. kqulupʔow lokaswał \xe 'I made the hole crooked.' \xv 3. hukisʰutiqip heʔiswał ʔsełka \xe 'we two are mending the fence.' \xv 4. hukuniyəʔəw sixəp saʔałwał \xe 'I am going to hunt for a stone that has a hole in it.' \xv 5. tswał ʔišnuxš (Ϟor heʔiswał siknuxš) \xe 'hole of his nose.' \xv 6. ikšit lokatasa kałʔiyutiqipš ʔiswałwaʔał ! \xe 'give me the plugged holed shell!' \xv 7. tsamsutiqipus loʔiswałwaʔał tsamsunuwus siyop \xe 'the holes of the abalone shell are plugged with tar.' \xv 8. huksutiqipwu heʔiswałwaʔał huksunuwus siyop \xe 'I am going to plug the holes of the abalone shell with tar.' \se II \ps v \ge hole, have a \ge pierced, be \de to have a hole; to be pierced \xv 1. tswał \xe 'it has a hole in it.' \xv 2. tswał hesixʔanwa \xe 'this girl is pierced.' \xv 3. tswałwał hesiqásqas \xe 'the beach sand has little holes.' \sd animals \sd common \lg JPH \rf 91.577.4-583.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wala- \a wele- \a wene- \a wol- \va (wele-. wene-, wol-) \ps vpre \ge quickly \ge INSTR.quickly. \de quickly \ee Said of action done quickly. Note that the only word that does not easily conform to this translation is tiwalanaʔał ‘to go slowly.’ Glossed as INSTR.quickly. \cf iwalawakʔay \ce to fall from \cf maxsuwalaʔap \ce to toe ashore \cf nuwalanałnaʔał \ce to carry around \cf suwalaʔap \ce to wash up smth; to cast ashore \cf ?suweleqe \ce to move smth/smn to one side \cf suwoloyi \ce to topple smth; to fell \cf tiwalanaʔał \ce to go slowly \cf ?walaʔap \ce to land; to go ashore \cf walapəti \ce to scramble up in a hurry \cf walakum \ce to arrive quickly (at) \cf walaməkəʔə \ce to go far quickly \cf walanałnaʔał \ce to stumble about (as if /when drunk) \cf walaqša \ce to die quickly \cf walawakʔay \ce to get on and off of quickly \cf welełhew \ce to come to (a place) briefly \cf tiwałeqwełtšeši \ce to feign that one is smth; to make like one is smth; to make believe \cf welemespi \ce to rush over to \cf wenepskʔewewe \ce to wriggle along \cf ?xutiwalaʔap \ce to land hurriedly \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx walaʔap \a walaʔapʰ \ps v \ge land (ashore) \ge go ashore \de to land; to go ashore \mr ?[] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf maxsuwalaʔap \ce to toe ashore \cf suwalaʔap \ce to wash up smth; to cast ashore \cf xutiwalaʔap \ce to land hurriedly \xv 1. kaswalaʔapʰ loʔkašaʔay sʰlow̓ \xe 'the eagle's daughter went ashore.' \xv 2. hukwalaʔap \xe 'I am going to land from canoe.' \xv 3. tswalaʔàp sipaxàt \xe 'a whale has come ashore.' \sd ocean \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 71.927.1; 93.370.2; Daughter35 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx walakum \ps v \ge arrive quickly (at) \de to arrive quickly (at) \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \mr [] \xv 1. kwalakum \xe 'I arrive swiftly.' \xv 2. kanawa sexe lokalaqnitšum kikawa swalakumuʔus sitsʔohoy ʔispeʔey \xe 'when it sucks all the honey out of one it goes to another flower.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.583.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx walaməkəʔə \ps v \ge go far quickly \de to go far quickly \mr [] \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \cf məkəʔə \ce to go far away/out \xv 1. tswalaməkəʔə \xe 'of a sudden it goes far' ; 'it goes far very quickly.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.584.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx walaməs \cf walaməš \ce to be heavy \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx walaməš \a walaməs \va (walaməs) \ps v \ge heavy, be \de to be heavy \an papʰaw \cf tšwalaməš \ce digging stick weight \cf walaməšəʔəš \ce weight (of smth) \xv 1. tšwalaməš \xe 'it is heavy.' \xv 2. tšwalaməš pesa \xe 'it is heavy.' \xv 3. kʔuw simuʔałwalaməs \xe 'I eat that which is not heavy.' \xv 4. no ʔan kʔałkilamu kəwə šwalaməš hesiksəpmu \xe 'I am crazy, for this load is heavy.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd senses \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.584.3-585.4; Glutton95 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx walaməšəʔəš \a walaməšaʔaš \va (walaməšaʔaš) \ps n \ge weight (of smth) \de weight (of smth) \mr [] \cf walaməš \ce to be heavy \xv 1. tšwalaməšəʔəš \xe 'its weight.' \xv 2. mušpošʰotš hałtšwalaməšəʔəš lokasʰinpiloxol \xe 'he does not know the weight of the beans.' \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.586.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx walanałnaʔał \ps v \ge stumble about (as if /when drunk) \de to stumble about (as if /when drunk) \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf nuwalanałnaʔał \ce to carry around \cf tiwalanaʔał \ce to go slowly \xv 1. kwalanałnaʔał \xe 'I go crookeding all over the street as a drunken man does.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd path \sd manner \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.587.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx walapəti \ps v \ge scramble up quickly \de to scramble up in a hurry \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \xv 1. hukwalapəti \xe 'I am going to scramble up in a hurry.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.162; 91.587.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx walapmu \ps n \ge landing place for canoes \de landing place for canoes \mr [] \xv 1. lokawalapmu ʔan tsxəpʰə \xe 'the landing place is rocky.' \sd ocean \sd tomol \sd culture \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.376.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx walaqša \ps v \ge die quickly \de to die quickly \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \xv 1. kališwalaqšaʔaʔa lokaʔišʔišʔoʔn kinelaʔaqša lokašištete, kinela ʔutitəqitš kalaqša, neʔešpakəwaʔaʔaš kišaqša \xe 'soon the twins died and then their mother died and then Juan died, he was already and old man when he died.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd health \sd manner \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.584.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx walawakʔay \rd wałwalawakʔay \ps v \ge get on and off of quickly \de to get on and off of quickly \mr [] \cf iwalawakʔay \ce to fall from \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \xv 1. kwalawakʔay \xe 'I get on just once quick.' \xv 2. kwałwalawakʔay \xe 'I get on top of the table and get off again and get on again and off again.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.588.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx walaxa \ps n \ge playing card(s) \de playing card(s) \mr [] \xv 1. hukikikšiyuw hesiwalaxa \xe 'I am going to deal the cards for a card game.' \sd gaming \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.587.4; 93.376.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx walenał \ps v \ge drill \de to drill \gn barrenar \dn barrenar \mr [] \cf quluwał \ce to bore with twists \xv 1. hukwalenał \xe 'I am going to drill.' \sd verbs \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.588.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx walexš \cf welexš \ce to pass \sd variations \dt 15/Nov/2011 \lx wali- \ps prepnd \ge INSTR.former \ge former, of something that is \de of something that is 'former' or 'before' a current reference \ee English has a number of words that overlap with the concept here. Therefore, translations may also include words that indicate that something was done 'first' (more literally, 'before' something else), or that something is 'past.' Glossed as INSTR.former. \cf ałwalinaʔał \ce to go before \cf kaswalitapinə \ce day before yesterday \cf kaswalułkuw \ce night before last \cf kawališup \ce last year \cf walikitwoʔoʔo \ce to leave first \cf walikumli \ce to arrive first; to come first \cf walinəw \ce to start singing; to begin singing \cf walisukumuʔus \ce to get close to \cf walitšoho \ce to rush to finish soon \sd vprefixes \sd verbs \sd instrumentals \sd prepounds \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.216.4-217.1; 91.19.1-29.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waliʔiʔin \a waliʔiʔìn \ps vimp \ge quickly, do \ge immediately, do \de to do quickly; to do immediately \mr [] \cf kaywali \ce and subsequently \cf lawaliʔiʔin \ce to be soon \cf walin \ce to do (all) at once \xv 1. waliʔiʔin tsapəti \xe 'he goes up quickly.' \xv 2. waliʔiʔìn sukitwo sinə̀ \xe 'very quick he got fire.' \xv 3. kʔuwe waliʔiʔin kisimeleweniʔiy \xe 'but they disappear again' (when the wave washes the sand away). \xv 4. lakʰan sikʔuw sikowotš ʔan lawaliʔiʔin kikaqmił soʔo \xe 'when I eat salmon I get thirsty right away.' \xv 5. lawaliʔiʔin tšišutšoho ʔisixoyo \xe 'they soon learn to fly.' \xv 6. walinlasamʔuw lokapoł kəwə lawaliʔiʔin hušaqniškʔaya \xe 'they eat the pinenuts soon for they spoil quickly.' \xv 7. lawaliʔiʔin kisamʔuw ʔanayušaqniškʔaya \xe 'they eat it soon lest they spoil.' \xv 8. lawaliʔiʔin tšampošʰotš lokatiyepeš (Ϟor ʔisiʔałhašlaš) \xe 'what they are talking about they all know very quickly.' \xv 9. lawaliʔiʔin hukʰkumli tšwayək \xe 'I shall reach Los Pitos soon.' \sd adverbials \sd verbs \sd particles \sd manner \sd triplications \rf 91.588.3-589.4; Travels65 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx walikitwoʔoʔo \ps v \ge leave first \de to leave first \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. təqitš kaswalikitwoʔoʔo losaʔalamisyon, kikasʰinay ʔislantšu kaspat kaslow̓ kikasiliklikʔe \xe 'he left the mission as one of the first and started a ranch.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd triplications \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.590.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx walikumli \ps v \ge arrive first \ge come first \de to arrive first; to come first \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumli \ce to arrive at \xv 1. hukišmaqutinaʔał ʔapi ʔasku huswalikumliʔiʔi \xe 'if us two run a race to see who will arrive first.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.590.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx walin \ps vimp \ge do (all) at once \de to do (all) at once \ee Harrington makes note that there is no is no such word as this. However, the narrative “Stinkbeetle” refutes this statement. \cf kakiwali \ce here it is \cf kaywali \ce and subsequently \cf lawaliʔiʔin \ce to be soon \cf waliʔiʔin \ce to do quickly; to do immediately \xv 1. kiwalin salitsʔiyət \xe 'then he put his head down and his tail up.' \xv 2. walin tstsʔolomoy \xe 'it takes (a man) into its mouth all at one time.' \xv 3. no ʔan ktsʔolomoy \xe 'I took it all into my mouth.' \xv 4. muwalin hupipuwe yəlaʔa \xe 'you don’t have to pay all right off.' \xv 5. walin tšiyaqštutš ʔalałpay \xe 'it flies straight up.' \sd verbs \sd vimpersonals \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.590.3-591.1; Stinkbeetle3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx walinəw \ps v \ge start singing \ge begin singing \de to start singing; to begin singing \mr [] \cf nəw \ce to sing \xv 1. walinəw ! \xe 'hurry up and sing!' \sd verbs \sd laguange \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.591.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx walisukumuʔus \ps v \ge get close to \de to get close to \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \xv 1. kilakʰan sałwalisukumuʔus ʔan tsexseqenus ʔišlewutš \xe 'when they get near to the cattle they bite a piece of meat off.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.591.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx walitšoho \ps v \ge rush to finish soon \de to rush to finish soon \mr [] \cf tšoho \ce to finish; to cease \xv 1. hukwalitšoho \xe 'I am going to rush to finish soon.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.592.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wałkənkənəʔət \ps v \ge wrapped around, be \de to be wrapped around \ee Note the reduplicated root. \mr [] \cf kənəʔət \ce to go around; to put around \xv 1. neʔekayusmeqxeʔe lokaswałkənkənəʔət \xe (the rope that is wrapped around the post to hold the cow) 'is just about to slip all out to the very end and [the cow] will go loose.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.592.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wałmiye \ps n \ge coyote \de coyote \sd animals \sd mammals \sd mythology \lg JPH \rf 71.732.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx wałnəhə \a wałnəhə̀ \a wałnəhə́ \ps v \ge make fire with firesticks \ge fire with firesticks, make \de to make fire with firesticks \mr [] \cf nə \ce fire \cf wałnəhənəʔəš \ce fire stick (drill) \xv 1. hukwałnəhə \xe 'I am going to make fire with firesticks.' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd elements \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.593.3-594.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx wałnəhənəʔəš \ps n \ge fire stick (drill) \de fire stick (drill) \mr [] \cf nə \ce fire \cf wałnəhə \ce to make fire with firesticks \sd culture \sd tools \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.594.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wałnikʔoyi \ps v \ge loosen (string of violin) \de to loosen (string of violin) \mr [] \cf iqwałnikʔoyi \ce to sew over and over \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \cf wałtsəx \ce to tighten (string of violin) \sd verbs \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.70.4; 94.371.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wałnisyon \ps n \ge harness \de harness \mr [] \xv 1. huksinayuswu siwałnisyon hesikʰkawayu \xe 'I am going to harness my horses.' \sd tools \sd animals \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd tools \lg TJPH \rf 89.561.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wałpsuy \rd wałpsuyuyu \ps v \ge sprinkle with water from fingers \de to sprinkle with water from fingers \ee This is said of dipping one’s fingers in water and then straightening the fingers quickly so that the water will fly from them. The morphology for this word and wułpsuy is evidently the same, although the translations would seem to be different. \mr [] \cf wułpsuy \ce to drizzle (like rain) \xv 1. kwałpsuy \xe 'I sprinkle water with my finger thus.' \xv 2. kuqpuy \xe 'I slop more water out on the floor.' \xv 3. tswałpsuyuyu \xe 'he sprays water with fingers fine.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.594.4-595.1; 93.385.2; 94.371.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wałpsuyuyu \ps v \ge sprinkle with water from fingers.REDUP \de to sprinkle with water from fingers.REDUP \ee This is said of dipping one’s fingers in water and then straightening the fingers quickly so that the water will fly from them. \cf wałpsuy \ce to sprinkle with water from fingers \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wałpštəhə \a wałpstəxə \va (wałpstəxə) \ps v \ge throw with the finger \de to throw with the finger \ee This is said of throwing with the finger when one is holding a small stone on forefinger of one hand and release with fingers of the other. The boys used to play this much. \mr [] \cf ʔałwałpštəhə \ce lizard species \xv 1. kwałpstəxə \xe 'I throw with the finger thus.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʰwałpštəhə̀ \xe 'I sprinkle water with my hand.' \sd gaming \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.594.3; 93.385.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx walqaqš \sc Malosma laurina \ps n \ge laurel sumac \ge sumac, laurel \de laurel sumac \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (120 121). \cf tstoyhoʔos \ce lemonadeberry; sugar bush \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 81.71.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx wałqawawatš \ps v \ge spread one’s wings \de to spread one’s wings \mr [] \cf qawawa \ce wing; fin \cf qawawaha \ce to be winged \cf qawawahatš \ce to be positioned with the arms straight out to the side of the body \xv 1. tšwałqawawatš kikasxoyoyonli \xe 'he starts flying' (said of a bird standing (adult bird) and starting to fly or rather spreading his wings -- and then he goes flying). \sd verbs \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.592.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wałtataqš \ps v \ge tap \ge make a tapping sound \de to tap; to make a tapping sound \ee This does not mean 'to knock' as on a door. \xv 1. tšwałtataqš \xe 'it makes a tapping sound.' \xv 2. tsipoxʔi \xe 'he raps on the door.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 91.595.3; 93.386.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx wałtsəx \ps v \ge tighten (string of violin) \de to tighten (string of violin) \mr [] \cf wałnikʔoyi \ce to loosen (string of violin) \xv 1. kwałtsəx \xe 'I twist a string tight.' \xv 2. no ʔan kwałtsəx \xe 'I twist the string tight.' \xv 3. hukwałtsəx \xe 'I am going to tighten' (string of violin). \sd verbs \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.595.4-596.4; 94.371.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx walu \ps n \ge mud \de mud \mr [] \cf ʔimeymu \ce white mud \xv 1. lokakikummu kišušpay siwalu \xe 'where [they?] go to dig mud.' \sd elements \sd geology \lg JPH \rf 82.37.4 \dt 12/Nov/2018 \lx wałwaʔał \ps v \ge hole.REDUP \ge piercing.REDUP \ge to have a hole.REDUP \ge to be pierced.REDUP \de hole.REDUP; piercing.REDUP; to have a hole.REDUP; to be pierced.REDUP \cf wał \ce I. hole; piercing II. to have a hole; to be pierced \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wałwał \ps v \ge hole.REDUP \ge piercing.REDUP \ge to have a hole.REDUP \ge to be pierced.REDUP \de hole.REDUP; piercing.REDUP; to have a hole.REDUP; to be pierced.REDUP \cf wał \ce I. hole; piercing II. to have a hole; to be pierced \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wałwalawakʔay \ps v \ge get on and off of quickly.REDUP \de to get on and off of quickly.REDUP \cf walawakʔay \ce to get on and off of quickly \sd reduplications \dt 27/Jun/2018 \lx wanaʔał \ps v \ge custom, be \ge typical, be \de to be custom; to be typical \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. tswanaʔał \xe 'it is custom.' \xv 2. kakʰintswanaʔał \xe 'it is my custom.' \xv 3. kihušwašətš supiyilikʔe kəwə kaswanaʔał ʔisamilikʔe \xe 'so it will be well, for it is the custom.' \xv 4. kumeł ʔiswanaʔał \xe 'it is bad form (i.e, of manners).' \xv 5. tsʔił ʔitsʔohoy ʔiswanaʔał \xe 'there is another species.' \xv 6. kəwə lapakeʔet ʔišinetutš kalokasʰintswanaʔał lyos \xe 'because you have a single divine being and nature.' \xv 7. tsʔił sikʰintsʔamtsʔaməʔə ʔan yəlaʔa ʔiswanaʔał \xe 'I have all types of seeds.' \sd culture \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.597.3-599.3; 93.388.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wanku \ps n \ge bank \de bank \mr [] \xv 1. kʰan tsipsinay lokapʔałtšum losiwanku ʔan tsʔił ʔisixip lokapʔałtšum \xe 'if you put your money in the bank it brings interest.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd economics \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx waqanətš \ps n \ge gnat \de gnat \mr [] \cf waxa \ce shit; excrement; feces \cf waxan \ce to shit; to defecate \sd animals \sd insects \sd diminutives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.406; 94.67 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waqaq \rd waqwaqaq \ps n \ge frog \de frog \gn rana \dn rana \cf xwetet \ce frog; toad \sd animals \sd amphibians \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.179.2-181.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx waqsə \ps excl \ge look! \de look! \ee Shortened form of ʔuwaqisə. \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \sd phrases \sd particles \sd exclamations \lg JPH \rf 93.363.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waqšik \a waqšìk \a waqsik \a wáqšìk \va (waqsik-) \cf waqšikitš \ce to be painted; to be mottled; to be colored \cf waqšikmu \ce where people paint (themselves) \cf waqšikušaʔaš \ce pen; pencil; paintbrush \cf waqšikušaš \ce to make smth written \se I \ps n \ge design \ge painting \ge colors \de design; painting; colors \xv 1. ʔišwaqšik \xe 'its painting.' \xv 2. hešikwaqšik \xe 'the painting I have on my body.' \xv 3. ʔəhə ʔišwaqšik \xe 'it has different colors.' \xv 4. no ʔan kqisə ʔišwaqšik situkʔem̓ \xe 'I saw a picture of a mountain lion.' \se II \ps v \ge paint \ge tattoo \ge mark \de to paint; to tattoo; to draw; to mark \xv 1. hukwaqšik (Ϟor hukwaqšikšaši) \xe 'I am going to paint my own body.' \xv 2. hukwaqšikuswu \xe 'I am going to paint them.' \xv 3. hukwaqšikił \xe 'I am going to paint you.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukwaqšik \xe 'I am going to paint it.' \xv 5. hukwaqšikus hesilamesa \xe 'I am going to paint this table.' \xv 6. hukwaqšik hesikpu \xe 'I am going to tattoo my arm.' \xv 7. hukwaqšikił hesipʰpu \xe 'I am going to tattoo your arm.' \xv 8. kwaqsikus ʔišukumušaš \xe 'I paint a line.' \xv 9. hukwaqsikus ʔan huksəkəyəmi \xe 'I mark a line.' \xv 10. tšwaqšik heʔispo šaʔaluqštahay \xe 'she paints her cheeks red.' \xv 11. lokaxʔanwa ʔan tšwaqšik heʔištəq \xe 'that woman has her face painted.' \xv 12. masəx ʔišwaqšik heʔisʔaqləw \xe 'it has three lines across its breast.' \xv 13. tšʔił ʔišwaqšik heʔištəq ʔan tskənətli lokašwaqšik \xe 'he is dotted around his eyes.' \xv 14. heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan ʔałtšošoy musʔił hałtšwaqšik \xe 'the dog is pure black all over.' \xv 15. tšiwaqšik šaʔaluqstahay ka saʔałʔowow ka šaʔałtšošoy \xe 'they are painted red, white and black.' \sd verbs \sd colors \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.571.1-575.1 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx waqšikitš \ps v \ge painted, be \ge mottled, be \ge colored, be \de to be painted; to be mottled; to be colored \mr [] \cf waqšik \ce to paint; to tattoo; to draw; to mark \xv 1. heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan tšwaqšikitš (Ϟor ʔałwaqšikitš) \xe 'this dog is mottled or colored.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd colors \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.575.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx waqšikmu \ps n \ge where people paint (themselves) \ge paint (themselves), where people \de where people paint (themselves) \mr [] \cf waqšik \ce to paint; to tattoo; to draw; to mark \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.576.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx waqšikušaʔaš \ps n \ge pen \ge pencil \ge paintbrush \de pen; pencil; paintbrush \mr [] \cf waqšik \ce to paint; to tattoo; to draw; to mark \cf waqšikušaš \ce to make smth written \xv 1. hešikwaqšikušaʔaš \xe 'his pen.' \xv 2. hešikwaqšikušaʔaš \xe 'my pen; my paintbrush.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.576.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx waqšikušaš \rd waqwaqšikušaš \ps v \ge make smth written \ge written, make smth \de to make smth written \mr [] \cf waqšik \ce to paint; to tattoo; to draw; to mark \cf waqšikušaʔaš \ce pen; pencil; paintbrush \xv 1. waqšikušaš \xe 'what is written' (cannot put hesik- before this word). \xv 2. knunaxyəʔət sikwaqšikušaš \xe 'I stayed up writing all night.' \xv 3. ʔinapsaqikʔikit, kwaqwaqšikušaš \xe 'do not disturb me, I am busy writing.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.577.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waqwaqaq \ps n \ge frog.REDUP \de frog.REDUP \cf waqaq \ce frog \sd reduplications \dt 19/Apr/2012 \lx waqwaqšikušaš \ps v \ge make smth written.REDUP \ge written, make smth.REDUP \de to make smth written.REDUP \cf waqšikušaš \ce to make smth written \sd reduplications \dt 11/Feb/2011 \lx was- \a waš- \va (waš-) \ps vpre \ge later \ge INSTR.later \de later \ee This prefix seems to indicate a verb that will take place at a specified time later than the time of its utterance. Glossed as INSTR.later. \cf wasułkuw \ce tonight \cf wasułkuwiniʔiy \ce tomorrow night \cf wašnaxyət \ce tomorrow \cf wašnaxyətiʔiy \ce day after tomorrow \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd chronometry \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -wasə- \ps vroot \ge good in form, manner, or action, be \de be good in form, manner, or action \cf ʔałtšaxtawašətš \ce true one \cf ałwašəʔəʔətš \ce to be better than \cf ?axniwašəši \ce to be indifferent \cf axtawasə \ce to think of; to reflect on \cf axtawašətš \ce to be the truth \cf lahupwašwašətš \ce Are you well?; Greetings! \cf lakwašwašətš \ce I am well. \cf qiliwasə \ce to scrutinize \cf saxtawasə \ce to speak the truth \cf suyaxiliwasə \ce to want to look intently at \cf šuwašətš \ce to believe; to appreciate; to pay attention to \cf wašəʔəʔətš \ce to be true; to be very pretty \cf wašətš \ce to be good; to be pretty; to be well \cf watšətš \ce to be pretty; to be beautiful \cf xiliwasə \ce to recognize; to distinguish; to observe \sd vroots \sd roots \sd senses \sd emotions \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waskə \ps v \ge ?level, be \ge ?flat, be \de ?to be level; ?to be flat \xv 1. kaxipe tskəyəmi (Ϟor tswakə) ksalikowowo \xe 'I cut an edge on bevel.' \xv 2. kanawa šitšoho ʔi ʔisisinay loʔkaswaskə kaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš katomoł , nayisʔił ʔisiyʔaxipe sipon̓ yəlaʔa nayisiyalaqwaʔay, kikasamsapitsʔə siyop samsalaqwaʔay šiyuštipey ʔispəł sitsʔekʰənən \xe 'when they finish placing the keel of the tomol in the forks, already the boards are worked smooth, they heat tar and and [when] it is well readied and they mix it with pine pitch.' \sd verbs \sd boating \sd tomol \lg TJPH \rf 91.605.1; Tomol112, 230-235 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wasmayə \a wasmayə̀ \ps n \ge evening (in the evening) \de evening; in the evening \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.664.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx wasułkuw \ps n \ge tonight \de tonight \mr [] \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \cf wasułkuwiniʔiy \ce tomorrow night \xv 1. huknaʔał wasułkuw \xe 'I am going tonight.' \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.605.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wasułkuwiniʔiy \ps v \ge tomorrow night \de tomorrow night \mr [] \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \cf wasułkuw \ce tonight \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.606.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx waš- \cf was- \ce later \sd variations \dt 11/Feb/2011 \lx waš- \hm 1 \ps vpre \ge paddling, by \ge by paddling \ge grasping and pulling, by \ge by grasping and pulling \ge INSTR.paddling \de by paddling; by grasping and pulling \ee Glossed as INSTR.paddling. \cf ʔałwašqawawhatš \ce centipede \cf šuwaškumeł \ce to steer \cf uluwašyət \ce to draw near to \cf wašnaʔał \ce to brandish one’s arms (in order to grasp with the arm; in order to move) \cf wašnałnaləʔəš \ce pointing \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \sd tomol \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waš- \hm 2 \a wes- \a weš- \a woš- \va (wes-, weš-, woš-) \ps vpre \ge of traversing \ge traversing, of \ge INSTR.traversing \de of traversing \ee Glossed as INSTR.traversing \cf aliwesmes \ce to lie in a crosswise position \cf eqtewesmes \ce to be blown over to another area \cf kasuwesmes \ce to cut lengthwise \cf qiliwešxeʔe \ce to look over into \cf qulusuwesmes \ce to move smth lengthwise \cf suwesmes \ce to make traverse; to put across \cf šiqiłwešxeʔe \ce to peep through; to look through \cf šutiwešxeʔe \ce to draw out (information); to ascertain \cf šuwaštimitʔi \ce to pour in a trickle \cf šuwaštitunaš \ce to crossweave two strings \cf uluwašyət \ce to draw near to \cf uwaštinaʔał \ce to carry along \cf waštitʔoy̓ \ce rainbow \cf wesmes \ce to be traversed \cf wešxeʔe \ce to pass clear through \cf wošʔotoyi \ce to be laid out \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -waš \rd -waʔaš \a -wàš \a -wàš \va (-waʔaš) \ps vsuf \ge PST \ge past tense suffix \de past tense suffix \ee Glossed as PST. \cf ʔałqišənwaš \ce witness \cf -iwaš \ce depreciative noun suffix \cf kayunwaš \ce third person non-singular past tense pronoun; those which were \cf kaywaš \ce that which was \xv 1. neʔektikikšwaš \xe 'I have already combed my hair.' \xv 2. ninapqišənwaš ? \xe 'when did you see him?' (said of some mutual old friend). \xv 3. lokašapinwaš \xe 'where he burnt it.' \xv 4. nupanwaš ʔiskumi \xe 'there weren’t many that came.' \xv 5. no ʔan kiliklikʔenwaš santa barbara \xe 'I used to live in Santa Barbara.' \xv 6. kaštetenwaš maria antonia \xe 'the mother of Maria Antonia.' \xv 7. lokakiyutiyəkwaš ʔan tskʔotkʔot \xe 'what we were in broke, our buggy broke.' \xv 8. neʔekqišənwaš ʔisuspayuswunutš \xe 'I have seen all the pits.' \xv 9. muskumlinwaš lokaʔatʔaxatš kəwə šnikʔoyi \xe 'the man did not arrive for he turned back.' \xv 10. sinawa kʰkumli ʔan neʔe štaktə́nwaš lokašʰatiwə \xe 'when I arrived he had already killed his wife.' \xv 11. kananawa kisenałwaš kiqisə lokasʔap lokakʔamiwu \xe 'after we finished supper we went to the new house.' \xv 12. lamunaməʔək ʔiskitwonwaš lokaʔapʰanəšmu kikasʔip \xe 'before very much time had passed after she left the village said.' \xv 13. lokasʔamaməniwaš lokakwopowaš huʔamtipay, huʔamsukitwo \xe 'they are going to dig up the body of my grandfather.' \xv 14. munaməʔək ʔištapinwaš kiskuʔum lokaštete ʔalaktik šiʔixpanəš \xe 'her mother came shortly to fetch some acorns.' \xv 15. neʔekʰqišənwaš sihaw̓ saʔałtonowo kisitsʔotsʔohoy ʔan tšišušʔutš \xe 'I have seen some foxes with their hair out and others with lots of hair.' \xv 16. tsʔip, “ʔaskúkù ʔałʔałkepkeʔep hekakʰkepmu?” kiwə munašištiyepušwaš hałtskumi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'he said, “who is bathing in my pool?” for they had not told him of the arrival of the woman.' \xv 17. neʔešiyušʰowunwaš lokašiyʔapʰanəšmuʔu yəlaʔa hesikuhkuʔu kineʔenusʔił hałku hešaʔapʔapʰanəšmuʔu \xe 'they had left their villages, there were no more people.' \xv 18. ʔiseqenwaš ʔan tseqpeyus ʔisəł siqunup \xe 'its track is like a footprint of a barefoot boy.' \xv 19. ʔulanonwaʔaš \xe 'that I had been.' \sd suffixes \sd chronometry \sd tense \lg TJPH \rf 89.299.1 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx wašəʔəʔətš \a wašəʔəʔə̀tš \ps adj \ge true, be \ge pretty, be very \de to be true; to be very pretty \mr [<(wasə (be good in form, manner, or action) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)).ϡtriϡ>] \cf ałwašəʔəʔətš \ce to be better than \cf wašətš \ce to be good; to be pretty; to be well \xv 1. hupxuywutš, ʔałhaš wašəʔəʔətš ! \xe 'do not lie to me, talk pure truth!' \xv 2. khukitaqtaq ʔapi niwašəʔəʔətš \xe 'I am going to listen to see if it is true.' \xv 3. muwašəʔəʔətš lokalamʔipʰpi ʔan yəlaʔa lokatšotšonəʔəš ʔan tsiyəmə (Ϟor ʔiʔaləmə) \xe 'I don't believe what they say about fishes being dumb.' \sd verbs \sd vadjectivals \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.606.2-607.2; Travels33 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wašətš \a wašə́tš \ps adj \ge good, be \ge pretty, be \ge well, be \de to be good; to be pretty; to be well \mr [] \cf ʔałtšaxtawašətš \ce true one \cf ałwašəʔəʔətš \ce to be better than \cf axtawašətš \ce to be the truth \cf lahupwašwašətš \ce Are you well?; Greetings! \cf lakwašwašətš \ce I am well. \cf šuwašətš \ce to believe; to appreciate; to pay attention to \cf wašəʔəʔətš \ce to be true; to be very pretty \cf watšətš \ce to be pretty; to be beautiful \xv 1. tšwašətš (Humaliwo dialect) Ϟor wašətš \xe 'it is good.' \xv 2. kəpə ʔan wašətš \xe 'now is good.' \xv 3. wašətš ʔiku \xe 'he is a good man.' \xv 4. niwašətš ? \xe 'is it a good one?' \xv 5. wašətš sikʰawayu \xe 'it is a very good horse.' \xv 6. lawašətš sitip \xe 'it is nicely salted.' \xv 7. wašətš ʔišnaxyət \xe 'good day!' (said in the morning). \xv 8. wašətš ʔismayə \xe 'good evening!' \xv 9. wašətš ʔisułkuw \xe 'good night!' \xv 10. wašətš ʔispinoli \xe 'her pinole is good.' \xv 11. wašətš ʔištəqšəʔəš \xe 'he has good color' (said of skunk or other brightly colored animal). \xv 12. wašətš ʔisʰusamha \xe 'it has good senses.' \xv 13. kałwašətš suštaktə \xe 'it is good that it is killed.' \xv 14. mušwašətš(ʔ) ʔišpoš \xe 'his heart is not good' (said of a man who is worrying or thinking all the time). \xv 15. lahupwašwašətš ? ; hįhįʔ, lakwašwašətš \xe 'are you well?' ; 'yes, I am well.' \xv 16. wašətš susilikʔe ʔiti ʔi šup \xe 'he is well in the world' (i.e., he has good luck). \xv 17. kasitənus tšotšonəʔəš ʔiwašətš \xe 'and they call it a pretty fish.' \xv 18. muwašətš hałtsʔamamə \xe 'its body is homely.' \xv 19. wašətš ʔi samuw tšaqnitšum \xe 'it is good food.' \xv 20. kikałwašətš supatsʔəməmə \xe 'it’s good to keep your mouth shut' (so the gnats will not enter it). \xv 21. wašətš hekakya, tskəyəmi \xe 'my arrow is good and straight.' \xv 22. eqweł wašətš lokaʔałtsətəxə ! \xe 'thou shalt put straight the erring!' \xv 23. neʔešwašətš lokahukiʔałʔuw \xe 'our meal is ready.' \xv 24. wašətš ʔisamtinałnaʔał huptaxtaxšətš \xe 'walking is good for your health.' \xv 25. wašətš ʔisitu, payikʔulaməʔək hałtsyət hałku ʔan tsiyitəq \xe (the antelopes) 'have good ears, they hear anybody coming no matter how far off.' \xv 26. pi ʔan wašətš supilikʔe kəwəpiwałtšaqša \xe 'you will do well if you sit down, because you are tired.' \xv 27. huksutiyək siqas hesiktsaya kuhušwašətš \xe 'I am going to put sand in to give it a good shape.' \xv 28. wašətš lokašaʔay ʔulʔułyi ʔisʔoqwo \xe 'the daughter was pretty. she had long hair.' \xv 29. kałwašətš suʔamnišaqa lokaʔalaxwayi \xe 'it is a good plan to kill the gluttonous woman.' \xv 30. niwašətš hałpwe ? ; hįhįʔi̥, kalinaxyəʔət \xe 'have you slept well?' ; 'yes, all night.' \xv 31. pqisə lokaxayanəš ʔan laxula wašətš \xe 'you take a look at the bed and it appears clean.' \xv 32. mupʔip hałmuwašəʔəʔətš kimupxuyuw ! \xe 'do not give false testimony nor lie!' \xv 33. pi ʔan pwašətš ʔisihin lokaxʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'blessed art thou among women.' \xv 34. lokamula ʔan wašətš ʔisełkʔewli lokašə \xe 'the mule is good for going along the brink of a precipice.' \xv 35. kihušwašətš supilikʔe kəwə kaswanaʔał ʔisamilikʔe \xe 'so it will be well [for you] for it is the custom.' \xv 36. wašətš ʔisamqisənwu siyʔiyʔałtšimałtətš \xe 'it is very pretty to watch cowboys who are good at lasooing.' \xv 37. wašətš i šup kaypi ki sʔəhə sulamʔuw \xe 'it is a good year and therefore there is a lot of food.' \xv 38. kikašnikʔoyi lokaʔatʔaxatš, tšnaʔał lokasʔap kikasiliklikʔe wašətš ʔisilikʔe \xe 'and the man returned home and lived luxuriously.' \xv 39. kaye kałwašətš ʔiʔaxiyeʔep heʔisałsapariya \xe 'this saraparrilla is good medicine.' \xv 40. kuxnatskaw ; wašətš \xe 'I make a mistake' ; 'it is correct and not a mistake.' \xv 41. nelusiyeqe lokasiyenhes hašiwašwašətš kanawa tšiyaqša heʔišiʔamamə \xe 'where will the spirits of the good go to when their bodies die?' \xv 42. kikakʰkumli ʔan ʔəhə siku salamalitlitkʔəy ʔan neʔemuštəʔəʔən hałkušiʔik kałwašətš suknaʔał \xe 'but when I arrived there were lots of people already there waiting and my pain wasn’t very bad any more and it seemed good to me to go.' \xv 43. kəpə hesinapwašətš, latšə ʔišnaxšnaxyəʔət ʔan hupeqweł kuhupkeʔep, hupkepleł lokaskepmu kapʔaliwə kuhupwašətš \xe 'you are now convalescing, the thing for you to do will be for you to bathe every morning, you will bathe in the bathing pool of you brother in order to make yourself well.' \xv 44. kikasʔinay ʔislantšu kaspat kasloʔw kikasiliklikʔe, ʔan wašətš ʔisilikʔe kalokaštałtałhəʔəw \xe 'he started a ranch and lived there and lived well with his children.' \xv 45. huknunaluʔus hesikʰkawayu lokaʔelelu, kuhusʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tskeseqenus heʔismaʔam ʔištoʔy kinupan kasʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tšwišutapinwu siklawus lokasʔeqenmu \xe 'I am going to take my horse to the blacksmith, he is going to shoe him, he cuts away the part under the hoof and nails the shoe on.' \xv 46. tsʰapitsʔə lokasʔeqenmu, kinupan tsaqsumu niwašətš ʔan munašwašətš kišʰutapiniʔiy hesinə kikasitete \xe 'he heats the horseshoe and tries it on and if it does not yet fit well he heats it again and hammers it.' \xv 47. kəpə hesinapwašətš, latšə ʔišnaxšnaxyəʔət ʔan hupeqweł kuhupkeʔep, hupkepleł lokaskepmu kapʔaliwə kihušwašətš supiyilikʔe. kəwə kaswanaʔał ʔisamilikʔe \xe 'you are now convalescing, the thing for you to do will be for you to bathe every morning, you will bathe in the bathing pool of you brother in order to make yourself well. so it will be well, for it is the custom.' \xv 48. neekwašətš, neekitpeni \xe 'I am well, I have recovered.' \sd emotions \sd common \sd vadjectivals \sd verbs \sd dialects \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 88.270.1; 91.607.3-620.4; Glutton4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx waškuy \ps v \ge move to or from a place between two others \de to move to or from a place between two others \ee Commonly used when going to Santa Rosa from Ventura, or from Santa Rosa or San Miguel to Ventura. Cannot be said of going to San Migues from Ventura, however, as San Miguel is on the end of the island chain. \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan kwaškuy wima (Ϟor helwaškuy) \xe 'I am going to or am coming from Santa Rosa' (the word helwaškuy may derive from Barbareño. \xv 2. heʔkwaškuy kanet \xe 'I am going to Cante’s' (when going or coming to Canet’s from either Ventura or Nordhoff, as Canet’s place is between Ventura and Nordhoff). \sd verbs \sd directions \sd locations \rf 74.539-540 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wašnaʔał \rd wašnałnaʔał \ps v \ge brandish one’s arms (in order to grasp with the arm) \ge brandish one’s arms (in order to move) \de to brandish one’s arms (in order to grasp with the arm; in order to move) \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf wašnałnaləʔəš \ce pointing \xv 1. kwašnaʔàł \xe 'I reach and grasp a thing with my arm.' \xv 2. tšwašnaʔał \xe 'it runs along, lies lengthwise.' \xv 3. kwašnałnaʔał \xe 'I brandish my arms.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.307; 91.621.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wašnałnaʔał \ps v \ge brandish one’s arms.REDUP \de to brandish one’s arms.REDUP \cf wašnaʔał \ce to brandish one’s arms (in order to grasp with the arm; in order to move) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wašnałnaləʔəš \a wašnałnaʔləʔə̀š \ps n \ge pointing \de pointing \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf wašnaʔał \ce to brandish one’s arms (in order to grasp with the arm; in order to move) \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.1104.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx wašnaxyət \a wašnaxyə́t \va (naxyət) \ps n \ge tomorrow \de tomorrow \ee Some speakers used ͽnaxyət and some used ͽwašnaxyət. \mr [] \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \cf wašnaxyətiʔiy \ce day after tomorrow \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \sd chronometry \lg TJPH \rf 91.621.3-4; Coyo93 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx wašnaxyətiʔiy \ph wɑʃnɑxjəˈtɪˀɪj \ps n \ge day after tomorrow \de day after tomorrow \mr [] \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \cf wašnaxyət \ce tomorrow \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.622.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waštap \ps n \ge bracelet \de bracelet \cf waštapitš \ce to wear a bracelet \xv 1. hesikʰwaštáp \xe 'my bracelet.' \sd body \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 91.97.4, 622.2-4 \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx waštapitš \ps v \ge wear a bracelet \de to wear a bracelet \mr [] \cf waštap \ce bracelet \xv 1. kayukwaštapitš \xe 'I am going to put on my bracelet.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.623.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx waštitʔoy \cf waštitʔoy̓ \ce rainbow \sd variations \dt 08/Sep/2011 \lx waštitʔoy̓ \a waštitʔoy \va (waštitʔoy) \ps n \ge rainbow \de rainbow \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI wištoyo ‘rainbow’, CRZ wištoyo ‘rainbow’, INZ mištoyo ‘rainbow’ (Whistler 1980: 76; Klar 1977: 113; SYBCI 2007: 565) \xv 1. qisə lošiwaštitʔoy̓ ! ; ʔəhə ʔišwaqšik \xe 'look at that rainbow there!' ; 'it has many colors.' \sd elements \sd colors \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.623.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waštiwił \a waštiwiʔł \va (waštiwiʔł) \ps v \ge ?expand from one place to another \de ?to expand from one place to another \ee This may be a neologism for Christian heaven. \mr [] \xv 1. tšnukumiyuw lokašwaštiwił (Ϟor lokapʰintšwaštiwiʔłwus) \xe 'Thy kingdom come.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd neologisms \lg TJPH \rf OurFather3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx waštuyaš \cf waštʔuyaš \ce fishline \sd variations \dt 08/Sep/2011 \lx waštʔuyaš \rd wašwaštʔuyaʔaš \a waštuyaš \va (waštuyaš) \ps n \ge fishline \de fishline \sy miyaš \xv 1. huksuxułtinaʔał hekakwaštʔuyaš \xe 'I let my fish cord go to the bottom' (when in a canoe). \sd ocean \sd food \sd hunting \sd tools \sd fish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.624.1-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wašutšaši \ps v \ge deceived, be \de to be deceived \xv 1. laʔnokʰš kʰwašutšašì \xe 'I myself was deceived' (thought I heard something and didn’t). \sd senses \sd cognition \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 70.268.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wašwaštʔuyaʔaš \ps n \ge fishline.REDUP \de fishline.REDUP \cf waštʔuyaš \ce fishline \sd reduplications \dt 13/Feb/2011 \lx wašʰu \ps v \ge mistake smn (for smn else) \de to mistake smn (for smn else) \ee This verb is said of people, but can also be said of mistaking one thing for something else. \xv 1. kwašʰu \xe 'I see him and think he is a man I know but it is really another person.' \xv 2. kwašʰu lokaʔatʔaxatš, tsʔił sikʔamiwu ʔan tseqpeyus \xe 'I mistook the man, I have a friend whom he looks much like.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd cognition \lg JPH \rf 89.290.4; 91.621.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watapaqtaha \ps v \ge stop in the shade of \de to stop in the shade of \mr [] \cf apaqtaha \ce to be in the shade of (tree, etc.) \cf aqtaha \ce to be cold (said of something that was previously warm) \xv 1. tswatapaqtaha \xe 'he comes walking and he stops to shade himself in the shade for a while.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.625.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watenhes \ps v \ge pass by without stopping \de to pass by without stopping \ee Note second use. \mr [] \cf enhes \ce breath; spirit; pulse \xv 1. tswatenhes \xe 'I pass by the table or a person without stopping.' \xv 2. tsʰwatenhes kinupan tšnaʔał \xe 'it [the hummingbird] hovers to rest and then it darts.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.625.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wateqe \ps v \ge rub skin off by means of a blow \de to rub the skin off by means of a blow \ee Harrington notes that the example below is the only way his speaker knew how to say, 'it skinned my shin.' \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \xv 1. tswateqe hesikpax \xe 'it rubbed my skin off with the blow.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.625.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wati- \ps vpre \ge of disjointedness \ge disjointedness, of \ge INSTR.disjointedness \de of disjointedness \ee Involving quick or punctual action that interrupts an ongoing process. Glossed as INSTR.disjointedness. This prefix seems to be a collocation of ͽ-wa –meaning uncertain–, and ͽti- ‘augmentative verbal prefix.’ Glossed as ϡinstrϡ.disjointedness. \cf suwatinoqš \ce to break by jerking \cf šuwatipšokʔi \ce to knock over; to knock down \cf suwatiqip \ce to slam (a door) \cf suyawatihin \ce to want to stop to get \cf šuwatitšʔeq \ce to split apart as when breaking a thing in two \cf šuwatiyətš \ce to carry news of \cf šuwatušmaxyət \ce to jerk; to jerk away from \cf watapaqtaha \ce to stop in the shade of \cf watenhes \ce to pass by without stopping \cf wateqe \ce to rub the skin off by means of a blow \cf watihəkwə \ce to set down momentarily \cf watihin \ce to stop to get \cf watikla \ce to break on impact \cf watikʔom \ce to stay still \cf watikʔot \ce to break one's bone; to fracture one's bone \cf watʔilikʔe \ce to sit down for a while on a journey \cf watinoqš \ce to stop raining \cf watinowo \ce to stop briefly \cf watipelonušaš \ce to shear here and there \cf watipełwe \ce to sleep by the roadside on a journey \cf watiple \ce to have blisters (on one’s hand) \cf watipšokʔi \ce to fall while in the middle of doing smth \cf watiqwis \ce to have a hernia \cf watiseqe \ce to pull out quickly \cf watistukunpi \ce to bump one's knee against \cf watitšoho \ce to stop (raining); to finish \cf watiwey \ce to break through suddenly to break through (as is said of a river) \cf watiwəł \ce to shoot in passing \cf watiwiłpi \ce to bump one’s body against \cf watuliʔiš \ce to grab in passing \cf watustʔey \ce to touch in passing \cf watwatisapiyam \ce to drop smth as one moves \cf watwatitiwekey \ce to rub one thing against another \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.124.2; 94.372.2-373.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watihəkwə \ps v \ge set down momentarily \de to set down momentarily \mr [] \cf həkwə \ce to unburden oneself; to lay down one’s load \xv 1. hukwatihəkwə \xe 'I am going to set down my load only for a minute.' \xv 2. kwatihəkwə hesikpon̓ \xe 'I put down my bundle of firewood to rest for a while.' \xv 3. kišwatihəkwə hesikaxon \xe 'let’s set this box down for a minute to rest.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.626.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watihin \ps v \ge stop to get \de to stop to get \mr [] \cf hin \ce to have \cf suyawatihin \ce to want to stop to get \xv 1. kwatihin sixəp \xe 'I pick up a stone while walking along.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.627.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watikla \ps v \ge break on impact \de to break on impact \mr [] \cf kla \ce to be broken \xv 1. kaqtušʰo kiswatikla \xe 'I let the cup fall and it broke.' \xv 2. ksuyuwohanwaʔaš lokakʔaqmilaʔaš kʔuwe neʔeswatikla \xe 'I prized my drinking cup but now it is smashed.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.402.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watikʔom \ps v \ge stay still \de to stay still \mr [] \xv 1. kwatikʔom \xe 'I just sit still or stand but without moving or doing anything.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.628.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx watikʔot \ps v \ge break one's bone \ge fracture one's bone \de to break one's bone; to fracture one's bone \mr [] \cf kʔot \ce to be broken (non-functioning) \xv 1. kwatikʔot sikpək \xe 'I broke my shin.' \xv 2. tswatikʔot \xe 'he met with a fracture.' \xv 3. tswatikʔot \xe 'it broke from a blow.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.628.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watilala \ps v \ge tired, be \de to be tired \xv 1. kwatilala \xe 'I am tired.' \xv 2. no ʔan kwatilala kikakotoyi kikakwe \xe 'I was tired so I lay down and went to sleep.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 91.629.2-630.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watimaymay \ps n \ge red-tailed hawk \de chickenhawk \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI matiwayaw̓ay ‘sharp-shinned hawk’ (Whistler 1980: 17, although this could be an error, BOI form may be matiwayaw̓ay) \ee Matilija dialectal term for ͽtsən. \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \sd dialects \lg JPH \rf 71.650.2-651.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx watinoqš \ps v \ge stop raining \de to stop raining \ee This seems to mean, literally, that something has stopped because it has 'broken', perhaps in reference to the parting of rain clouds. \mr [] \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \cf suwatinoqš \ce to break by jerking \xv 1. kayhušwatinoqš \xe 'it will stop raining.' \sd verbs \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.631.3; 94.372.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watinowo \rd watwatinowo \ps v \ge stop briefly \de to stop briefly \ee This may be a variant of ͽwatʔinoxš. \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. kikaswatinowo \xe 'and he stopped to rest.' \xv 2. tswatwatinowo ʔisxoyo \xe 'he keeps standing still in the air at different places.' \xv 3. šwatwatinowo \xe 'he keeps stopping or halting.' \xv 4. tsalumulit ʔan tsʔipit kʰan pqisənwu hałʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš ʔan mupwatinowo ʔapitaq hałʔiyʔałʔipʔipʰpi \xe 'my grandmother counseled me not to suddenly stand by a bunch of men to listen what they are talking about.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.630.4-631.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watipelonušaš \ps v \ge shear here and there \de to shear here and there \mr [] \cf pelonušaʔaš \ce to shear; to be in the shearer \xv 1. ʔiti ʔan mušpelonušaš kəwə mitʔi šipułhewu; kilatšə ʔišupšuʔup kišnaʔał muntana, məʔək lošaʔałtəhətš muntana, kanawa skitwo ʔiti ʔan laswatwatipelonušaš kilakałkumli (Ϟor kinelaskumli) montana, kanawa husimokʔotʔiy ʔan sesanta pesus ʔipiʔiw \xe 'here he does not shear because there are few sheep; he is always going to Montana, it is far that place called Montana; when he starts out here he shears his way there little by little and reaches Montana and when he returns it costs him $60.00.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.632.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watipełwe \ps v \ge sleep by the roadside on a journey \de to sleep by the roadside on a journey \mr [] \xv 1. kʰwatipełwe \xe 'I sleep by the roadside' ; 'I stay sleeping by the road until the following day.' \xv 2. ʔiškom kwatipełwe \xe 'I spent two nights by the roadside.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.633.1; 94.373.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watipkʔes \ps v \ge squish quickly \de to squish quickly \mr [] \cf pkʔes \ce to burst open; to open from the inside out \xv 1. tswatipkʔes \xe 'it smashes (the frog) quickly.' \xv 2. tsapət sixwetet hesikalesa kiswatipkʔes \xe 'this wagon passed over, and he got squashed.' \xv 3. tsiwałwakʔay hesixwetet kiswatipkʔes \xe 'it fell on top of this frog and it got squashed.' \xv 4. kikasʰwaya lokaspala kiswəpʰpi kiswatipkʔes \xe 'and she raised up the spade and hit it and squished it.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.632.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watiple \ps v \ge blisters (on one’s hand), have \ge have blisters (on one’s hand) \de to have blisters (on one’s hand) \ee Harrington's consultant was unsure if this verb could be applied to having blisters on one's feet. \mr [] \cf tiple \ce to end little by little \cf ple \ce to be over; to be finished \xv 1. kwatiple hesikpu \xe 'I have blisters on my hand.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.631.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watipšokʔi \ps v \ge fall while in the middle of doing smth \de to fall while in the middle of doing smth \mr [] \cf šuwatipšokʔi \ce to knock over; to knock down \xv 1. kwatipšokʔi \xe 'I was standing and fell over falling flat on the ground.' \xv 2. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tsalinowo kišutaqša kišwatipšokʔi \xe 'the man was standing and he died a sudden death and fell over.' \xv 3. kinelašwatipšokʔi lokaʔałhaputš ʔan neʔemusʔił tsʔamə \xe 'when the cattle chased by wolves at last falls to the ground there is no more meat left on its bones.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.633.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watiqwis \ps v \ge hernia, have a \de to have a hernia \mr [] \cf qwis \ce to burst and spill out (said of dead creature’s innards) \cf tiqwis \ce to gut \xv 1. no ʔan kwatiqwis \xe 'I have a breached abdomen' ; 'I have a ruptured abdomen with stomach pressing out.' \sd verbs \sd health \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.629.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx watiqʔoniqʔon \ps n \ge California wild rose \ge wild rose, California \ge rose, California wild \de California wild rose \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI waštiqoliqol ‘(California) wild rose,’ INZ waštiqʼoliqʼol ⁓ waštiqoliqol ‘(California) wild rose’ (Timbrook 2007: 172-174; Whistler 1980: 37; SYBCI 2007: 424) \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (172 174). It is said that Coyote called young girls this. He would squint at a girl and sing ͽwatiqʔoniqʔon ͽʔitštinì ‘rose cunt’ \xv 1. sikitʰwo siwatiqʔoniqʔon \xe 'the roses have come out' (in the yard) (said of nuns exiting the nunnery). \sd plants \sd nature \sd flowers \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.1084.1-1085.2; 81.90.2 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx watiseqe \ps v \ge pull out quickly \de to pull out quickly \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \xv 1. tswatiseqe \xe 'he quickly pulls (the trident) out.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.634.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watistukunpi \ps v \ge bump one's knee against \de to bump one's knee against \mr [] \cf istukun \ce knee \xv 1. kwatistukunpi \xe 'I bumped my knee.' \xv 2. kwatistukunpi lokasiya, tštəš hesikistukun \xe 'I bumped into a chair with my knee, my knee is swollen.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.634.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watišipukpi \ps v \ge bump one’s elbow against \de to bump one’s elbow against \mr [] \cf šipuk \ce elbow \xv 1. kwatišipukpi hesilamesa \xe 'I bumped into the table with my elbow.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.635.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watitap \ps vt \ge visit momentarily \de to visit momentarily \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \xv 1. tswatitapiyuw \xe 'she came and entered our house and leaves again after a few minutes and goes on.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.635.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watitsʔiyət \ps v \ge raise one's buttocks in the air for a while \de to raise one's buttocks in the air for a while \mr [] \cf tsʔiyət \ce to put one's buttocks in the air; to crouch with one's buttocks in the air \xv 1. kinelaswatitsʔiyət \xe 'at last he raises his butt for a while' (said of stink beetle). \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.635.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watitšoho \a watitšòhò \ps v \ge stop (raining) \ge finish \de to stop (raining); to finish \mr [] \cf tšoho \ce to finish; to cease \cf watinoqš \ce to stop raining \xv 1. kayhuswatitšoho \xe 'it will soon stop (raining).' \sd verbs \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.315.3, 636.3-4; 94.372.2; Coyo95 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watiwey \ps v \ge break through suddenly to break through (as is said of a river) \de to break through suddenly to break through (as is said of a river) \mr [] \cf wey \ce to break through (as is said of a river); to be fluted; to be notched; to wane (said of the moon) \xv 1. tswatiwey \xe 'it broke through suddenly.' \xv 2. kaštapinə ʔisʰununa ʔispilikitwo lokaʔo lamitʔi ʔispilinaʔał kinelatanəʔəhə kinelastanixaʔax, kinela swatiwey \xe (at first) 'it runs a little stream and then more and then bursts through.' \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.637.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watiwəł \ps v \ge shoot in passing \de to shoot in passing \mr [] \cf wəł \ce to shoot \xv 1. kwatiwəł \xe 'I took a shot at him as I passed by.' \sd verbs \sd hunting \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.637.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watiwiłpi \ps v \ge bump one’s body against \de to bump one’s body against \ee This is not the verb used of hitting something with the foot or toe. \mr [] \sy aqutikuk \cf witut \ce to bump into smth (with one’s shoulder) \xv 1. kwatiwiłpi sixəp \xe 'I bumped into a stone' (with any part of my body). \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.124.2; 91.637.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watixeni \ps v \ge end \de to end \ee This is said of an event, like a fiesta. \mr [] \xv 1. tswatixeni simaxatʔaməš \xe 'the fiesta ended.' \sd verbs \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.634.1; 94.373.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watuliʔiš \ps v \ge grab in passing \de to grab in passing \mr [] \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. kwatuliʔiš \xe 'I take hold of a thing quickly as I run past.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.638.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watustʔey \ps v \ge touch in passing \de to touch in passing \mr [] \ee No non reduplicated form given. \cf ustʔey \ce to rest one’s hand on; to be occupied with \cf uštʔey \ce to touch \xv 1. kwatustʔey \xe 'I give a person a touch when running past or just come and give a person a touch.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.638.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx watwatinowo \ps v \ge stop briefly.REDUP \de to stop briefly.REDUP \cf watinowo \ce to stop briefly \sd reduplications \dt 14/Feb/2011 \lx watwatisapiyam \ps v \ge drop smth as one moves \de to drop smth as one moves \mr [] \ee No non reduplicated form given. \cf apiyam \ce to fall quickly \cf sapiyam \ce to let fall; to loose \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. tsamsutiyək lokasʔałpʰołxa kikasmaxsuteqpey lokaʔatʔaxatš kikaswatwatisapiyam ʔišlewutš saʔałhaputš \xe 'they put the poisoned meat in the saddle bag and a man went behind and kept dropping pieces.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.634.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watwatitiwekey \ps v \ge rub one thing against another \de to rub one thing against another \mr [] \ee No non reduplicated form given. \cf tiwekey \ce to scrape off; to scrape out \xv 1. kʰan ʔisalilikʔe ʔan lokałpakeʔet kasʔəł ʔan tswatwatitiwekey lokatsʔohoy kasʔəł kikasiwon \xe 'when he sits he rubs one leg against the other and thus sings.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd motion \sd insects \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.635.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watwatʔiʔik \ps n \ge pack-basket.REDUP \ge basket (big), pack.REDUP \de pack-basket (big).REDUP \cf watʔik \ce pack-basket (big) \sd reduplications \dt 15/Feb/2011 \lx watʔ- \ps vpre \de by wrapping; by covering; by swathing \ee Variant of wał . Glossed as INSTR.swathing. \mr [] \cf ?ʔałʔałwatʔałtə \ce contrarian \cf watʔałtə \ce to contradict; to go against; to be antidote \cf watʔałtəmu \ce to be an enemy of \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd variations \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watʔałtə \a watałtə \a watʔałtəl \va (watałtə, watʔałtəl-) \ps v \ge antidote to, be \ge go against \ge contradict \de to contradict; to go against; to be antidote \gn contra, ser la \dn ser la contra \mr [] \cf ʔałʔałwatʔałtə \ce contrarian \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \cf watʔałtəmu \ce to be an enemy of \xv 1. tswatałtə \xe 'it is the antidote.' \xv 2. kwatʔałtə \xe 'I contradict.' \xv 3. kwatałtə \xe 'I cut against the grain' ; 'I contradict.' \xv 4. tswatʔałtəlit \xe 'he contradicted me.' \xv 5. tšaxipe sipon̓ ʔan tswatałtə \xe 'you are cutting against [the grain].' \xv 6. no ʔan kwatʔałtəwus lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tsyułtʔuł \xe 'I contradicted the man and he got mad.' \xv 7. ʔałʔałwatʔałtə \xe 'a man fond of contradicting.' \sd verbs \sd religion \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.625.1, 638.3-639.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watʔałtəmu \ps v \ge enemy of, be an \de to be an enemy of \mr [] \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \cf watʔałtə \ce to contradict; to go against; to be antidote \xv 1. tswatʔałtəmu lokaʔaleman \xe 'he is the enemy of the German.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.639.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watʔik \rd watwatʔiʔik \ps n \ge pack-basket \ge basket (big), pack \de pack-basket (big) \mr [] \ee This basket was about four feet across. \cf watʔikʔiwaš \ce old pack-basket (big) \xv 1. hesikwatʔik \xe 'my big pack-basket.' \sd tools \sd basketry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.639.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx watʔikʔiwaš \ps n \ge pack-basket (big), old \ge basket (big), old pack \de old pack-basket (big) \ee Note the semantics of uselessness. \mr [] \cf watʔik \ce pack-basket (big) \xv 1. watʔikʔiwaš \xe 'good for nothing pack basket.' \sd tools \sd basketry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.640.3 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx watʔilikʔe \a watilikʔe \va (watilikʔe) \ps v \ge sit down for a while on a journey \de to sit down for a while on a journey \mr [] \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \xv 1. tswatilikʔe \xe 'he sits down for a while' (when on a journey). \xv 2. tswatilikʔe kikašnəpi \xe 'he rests by the roadside and then starts on.' \xv 3. tswatʔilikʔe heʔispanay simuwu \xe 'they rest for a while on the beach.' \lg JPH; TJPH \sd verbs \sd common \rf 91.630.2-3, 640.4; 94.372.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watʔinoxš \ps v \ge break of its own accord \de to break of its own accord \ee This may be a variant of ͽwatinoqš. \cf inoqš \ce to cut down (a tree) \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \xv 1. tšwatʔinoxš \xe 'the string broke of its own accord.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.641.1 \dt 04/Jan/2019 \lx watsʔohoy \ps n \ge day after tomorrow \de day after tomorrow \mr [] \sy wašnaxyətiʔiy \cf tsʔohoy \ce other; next; neighbor; different \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.641.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watšəʔəʔətš \ps adj \ge pretty, be.TRI \ge beautiful, be.TRI \de to be pretty.TRI; to be beautiful.TRI \mr [] \cf watšətš \ce to be pretty; to be beautiful \sd reduplications \dt 03/Jun/2019 \lx watšətš \rd watšəʔəʔətš \rd watšwatšətš \ps adj \ge pretty, be \ge beautiful, be \de to be pretty; to be beautiful \mr [<(wasə (be good in form, manner, or action) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)).ϡdimϡ>] \cf wašətš \ce to be good; to be pretty; to be well \xv 1. kaqtšumwu sinaštəʔəʔə simitmitʔi watšwatšətš \xe 'I adore the chickens when they are little; they are pretty.' \xv 2. lokaštetenwaš maría antonia ʔan kawatšəʔəʔətš ʔišišʰin, wašətš ʔisʔamamə, musxʔax hałtsqəp \xe 'the mother of María Antonia was prettier than she is, had a good form.' \sd vadjectivals \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd diminutives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.641.4-642.3 \dt 03/Jun/2019 \lx watšiw \cf watšʔəw \ce to throw away; to dispose of; to abandon \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watšwatšətš \ps adj \ge pretty, be.REDUP \ge beautiful, be.REDUP \de to be pretty.REDUP; to be beautiful.REDUP \cf watšətš \ce to be pretty; to be beautiful \sd reduplications \dt 03/Jun/2019 \lx watšwatšʔaʔax \ps n \ge upper arm (from shoulder to elbow).REDUP \de upper arm (from shoulder to elbow).REDUP \cf watšʔax \ce upper arm (from shoulder to elbow) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watšwatšʔəw \ps v \ge throw out.REDUP \ge dispose of.REDUP \ge abandon.REDUP \de to throw out.REDUP; to dispose of.REDUP; to abandon.REDUP \cf watšʔəw \ce to throw away; to dispose of; to abandon \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watšwatšʔəwš \ps v \ge shoot without aiming.REDUP \ge throw without aiming.REDUP \de to throw without aiming.REDUP; to shoot without aiming.REDUP \cf watšʔəwš \ce to throw without aiming; to shoot without aiming \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watšʔax \rd watšwatšʔaʔax \ps n \ge upper arm (from shoulder to elbow) \de upper arm (from shoulder to elbow) \xv 1. hesikwatšʔax \xe 'my upper arm, from shoulder to elbow.' \xv 2. hesikwatšwatšʔaʔax \xe 'my two upper arms.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 91.642.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx watšʔəʔəw \ps v \ge throw away.REDUP \ge dispose of.REDUP \ge abandon.REDUP \de to throw out.REDUP; to dispose of.REDUP; to abandon.REDUP \cf watšʔəw \ce to throw away; to dispose of; to abandon \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watšʔəw \a watšiw \a watšʔiw \rd watšwatšʔəw \rd watšʔəʔəw \va (watšiw, watšʔiw) \ps v \ge throw away \ge dispose of \ge abandon \de to throw away; to dispose of; to abandon \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv watšʔiwšaši \pde to throw out.REFL.CPLV; to dispose of.REFL.CPLV; to abandon.REFL.CPLV \cf watšʔəwš \ce to throw without aiming; to shoot without aiming \cf watšʔəwutš \ce ?to be thrown away \xv 1. hukwatšʔəw \xe 'I am going to throw a single object.' \xv 2. watšʔəw ! \xe 'throw it out!' \xv 3. watšʔəw losixəp \xe 'throw this stone away!' \xv 4. tskla kikwatšʔəw \xe 'it broke and I threw it away.' \xv 5. tšamwatšʔəʔəw \xe 'they threw it away.' \xv 6. kayukwatšʔəw \xe 'I am going to throw just now' (said when swinging a fishline). \xv 7. watšʔəw lokayaniwaš, neʔemuštšum \xe 'through that arrow away.' \xv 8. kumeliwaš ʔixʔanwa tšwatšʔəw ʔistałhəw \xe 'bad woman, she left her child.' \xv 9. kwatšwatšʔəw lokašlewwuʔutš \xe 'I threw out the pieces of the broken drinking cup.' \xv 10. hukwatšʔiw hesiʔolototšʔiwaš \xe 'I am going to throw this old quiver away.' \xv 11. kilokasʔamaməniwaš ʔan tšwatšʔəw \xe 'and throws the old bodies of the flies away.' \xv 12. hukuškeʔey hesiyʔestufa, hukwatšʔəʔəw losuʔušʔušwekeyeš \xe 'I am going to throw this stove away at the rubbish pile.' \xv 13. kuqmatštəkš kikanawa ktšoho ʔan knukitwo hekoʔo kikwatšʔəw \xe 'I washed my face (and hands) and when I finished I carried the water out doors and threw it out.' \xv 14. payikʔulahuki ʔan pałwatšʔəw ʔalałpay ʔan tsuleqpeyus lokamakał \xe 'anything you throw up into the air the bat follows it.' \xv 15. kwatšwatšʔəw \xe 'I keep kicking it (away) running.' \xv 16. kʰwatšʔiwšašì \xe 'I have turned worse than vagabond.' \xv 17. tšʰwatšʔiwit \xe '[my wife] put me aside' (originally given as ͽkʰwatšʔiwit).' \xv 18. ʔəwə laʔpsalaqʰwaʔay watšʔəw̓, neʔiknisełqe \xe 'I wish you could fix it.' \sd verbs \sd household \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.643.1-647.1, 648.1; 94.386.3; Advice3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watšʔəwš \rd watšwatšʔəwš \ps v \ge throw without aiming \ge shoot without aiming \de to throw without aiming; to shoot without aiming \cf watšʔəw \ce to throw away; to dispose of; to abandon \xv 1. hukwatšʔəwš \xe 'I shoot with arrow not aiming at anything.' \xv 2. tšuštowitš ʔišwatšwatšʔəwš \xe 'he shoots hurridly (without aiming).' \xv 3. hukʰwatšʔəwš hesilapis huksunuwus hesikʔəł \xe 'I am going to kick this pencil, throw it with my foot.' \sd verbs \sd archery \sd hunting \lg JPH \rf 91.647.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watšʔəwutš \ps v \ge ?thrown away, be \de ?to be thrown away \mr [] \cf watšʔəw \ce to throw away; to dispose of; to abandon \xv 1. tšwatšʔəwutš \xe 'he threw it away.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 91.644.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx watšʔiw \cf watšʔəw \ce to throw away; to dispose of; to abandon \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wawatš \ps v \ge difficult to do, be \de to be difficult to do \ee The difference in meaning between ͽaqtšwawatš and ͽwawatš is unclear. \cf aqtšwawatš \ce to be difficult to do \xv 1. tšwawatš \xe 'it is laborious to do this' (I say when I contemplate a job). \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.105.4; 91.648.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wawaw̓ \a wawwaw \va (wawwaw) \ps n \ge goose \de goose \gn ánsar \dn ánsar \ee A similar word, ͽwaw̓aw̓ is given for a white goose with black spots on its shoulders (wingtips). \sd animals \sd birds \sd onomatopoeia \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.655-1-661.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wawli \ps n \ge trunk \de trunk \mr [] \xv 1. hukšuškuyił hesalutiyək sikwawli \xe 'I am going to show you what I have in my trunk.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.280.2; 91.648.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wawwaw \cf wawaw̓ \ce goose \sd variations \dt 15/Apr/2018 \lx wax- \ps vpre \de verb prefix of uncertain meaning \cf waxstu \ce to have earwax \cf waxštu \ce earwax \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd unknowns \lg TJPH \dt 08/Sep/2011 \lx waxa \ps n \ge feces \ge excrement \ge shit \de shit; excrement; feces \ee This is the general term for shit. Contrast with ͽwaxanəš, which denotes the same but with an emphasis on the excrement being left over as a result of defecating. \cf aqškʔuwaxa \ce to defecate (such as a fly leaves) \cf aqniwaxanəš \ce to resemble feces \cf suyawaxa \ce to want to defecate \cf tsaqskʔuwwaxa \ce maggot \cf waqanətš \ce gnat \cf waxadero \ce outhouse; restroom \cf waxan \ce to shit; to defecate \cf waxanəʔəš \ce large intestine (said particularly of cow) \cf waxanəš \ce excrement \cf waxanmu \ce outhouse; restroom \cf waxapi \ce to shit on; to defecate on \xv 1. hesikwaxa \xe 'my excrement.' \xv 2. kaʔiswaxa ʔan kʰqisə \xe 'I see its excrement.' \xv 3. tsʔowow ʔisiwaxa \xe 'it is white with excrement.' \sd common \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.54.1, 80; 91.599.4-91.601.3; 93.389.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waxadero \ps n \ge restroom \de outhouse; restroom \ee This word used in jest. \mr [] \sy waxanmu \cf waxa \ce shit; excrement; feces \sd common \sd body \sd borrowings \sd places \sd neologisms \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.601.4; 93.390.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx waxan \ps v \ge defecate \ge shit \de to shit; to defecate \cf aqškʔuwaxa \ce to defecate (such as a fly leaves) \cf aqniwaxanəš \ce to resemble feces \cf suyawaxa \ce to want to defecate \cf waqanətš \ce gnat \cf waxa \ce shit; excrement; feces \cf waxanəʔəš \ce large intestine (said particularly of cow) \cf waxanəš \ce excrement \cf waxanmu \ce outhouse; restroom \cf waxapi \ce to shit on; to defecate on \xv 1. tswaxanpiyit \xe 'he defecated on me.' \sd body \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.389.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waxanəʔəš \ps n \ge large intestine (said particularly of cow) \de large intestine (said particularly of cow) \mr [] \cf waxan \ce to shit; to defecate \xv 1. lokawaxanəʔəš \xe 'the whole big intestine of the beef.' \sd anatomy \sd animals \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.602.1-602.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waxanəš \rd waxwaxanəš \ps n \ge excrement \de excrement \ee Note the emphasis here on excrement that is a present result of having been defecated on. \mr [] \cf waxa \ce shit; excrement; feces \cf waxan \ce to shit; to defecate \xv 1. naʔał tšiwaxwaxanəš ! \xe 'go to shit!' (said when angry). \xv 2. tšuputš hešiqitšəʔə, steqpey šiwaxanəš \xe 'my shoe is dirty, it has shit.' \xv 3. hukuliʔiš hešiknuxš, kimuhukyutʔuxš hałwaxanəš \xe 'I am going to hold my nose (because of the bad smell) so I won’t smell the shit.' \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.602.4-603.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waxanmu \ps n \ge restroom \ge outhouse \de outhouse; restroom \mr [] \sy waxadero \cf waxa \ce shit; excrement; feces \cf waxan \ce to shit; to defecate \sd common \sd places \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.603.4; 93.390.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx waxapi \ps v \ge shit on \ge defecate on \de to shit on; to defecate on \mr [] \cf waxa \ce shit; excrement; feces \cf waxan \ce to shit; to defecate \xv 1. tswaxanpiyit \xe 'he defecated on me.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.599.4-600.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx waxstu \ps v \ge have earwax \ge earwax, have \de to have earwax \gn cerilla, tenir \gn tenir cerilla \dn tenir cerilla \mr [] \cf tu1 \ce ear \cf waxštu \ce earwax \xv 1. kʰwaxstu \xe 'I have earwax in my ears.' \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.225.2, 604.2; 94.372.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx waxštu \ps n \ge earwax \de earwax \gn cerilla \dn cerilla \mr [] \cf tu1 \ce ear \cf waxstu \ce to have earwax \xv 1. sikwaxštu \xe 'my earwax.' \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.604.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx waxułhek \a waxułhèk \ps v \ge flame up \de to flame up \mr [] \xv 1. tsiwaxułhek \xe 'it flamed up.' \xv 2. loʔkatštəʔəniwaš kaʔaluqʰštahay ʔan tsenhes ʔi ʔaliwaxułhèk \xe 'the red dog breathes a sudden burst of flame.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.604.3; Bad20 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waxwaxanəš \ps n \ge excrement.REDUP \de excrement.REDUP \cf waxanəš \ce excrement \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waya \ps v \ge hang \ge suspended, be \de to hang; to be suspended \et *waya(n) \ec Compare BOI wayan ‘to hang; to float,’ INZ wayan ‘to hang,’ OBI si-waya ‘to hang…up’ (Klar 1977: 90-91) \cf aktiwaya \ce to float this way; to fly this way \cf alisuwaya \ce to raise smth \cf aputixiłwaya \ce to float with the current \cf aqtapawaya \ce to blow in the breeze; to flutter \cf axtawaya \ce to be in the breeze; to float in the breeze \cf imahwaya \ce to be hanging \cf kʔiliwayanpi \ce to dive at \cf maqwaya \ce to swing (as on a swing) \cf maqwayanəʔəš \ce swing \cf suwaya \ce I. earring II. to hang smth; to raise in the air; to put earrings on smn \cf šuwayanitš \ce to wear earrings \cf tikusuwaya \ce to raise slightly \cf wayani \ce to be new (said of the moon) \cf wayanli \ce to float behind \cf waywayanli \ce to swing high \cf xiłwaya \ce to float \xv 1. tswayanus \xe 'it hangs in front of him.' \xv 2. tswaya hešikpoš \xe 'I am happy' (lit.'my heart hangs'). \xv 3. tswaya ʔišpoš \xe 'he is happy.' \xv 4. muštšum hešikpoš \xe 'I am sad' (lit., my heart is no good). \xv 5. naʔišwaya lokawayani \xe 'first phase of the moon.' \sd emotions \sd idioms \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.558.2-4; 93.352.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wayałhəwli \ps v \ge move across a slope slowly \de to move across a slope slowly \mr [] \cf ałhəwli \ce to move across a slope \cf axtałhəwli \ce to move quickly across the slope of a hill \xv 1. tswayałhəwli \xe 'he goes across the slope slowly' (as if with lethargy). \sd verbs \sd manner \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.409.4; 91.559.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wayałpinli \ps v \ge go slowly along shore \de to go along the shore slowly \mr [] \cf ałpinli \ce to go along the beach/shore \xv 1. kwayałpinli \xe 'he goes along the shore slowly.' \xv 2. kaxtałpinli \xe 'I run along the shore.' \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.410.2; 90.353.1, 373.2; 91.559.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wayani \ps v \ge new (said of the moon), be \de to be new (said of the moon) \ee Cannot say Cannot say ͽʔałwayani of the moon. \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. tswayani saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the new moon comes.' \xv 2. tswayani \xe 'it is new' (said of moon). \xv 3. naʔišwaya lokawayani \xe 'first phase of the moon.' \xv 4. šmaktunutš ʔi ʔałwayani \xe 'half-moon.' \xv 5. ʔałwayani \xe 'moon' (as distinguished from ͽʔawhay̓, which refers also to the temporal month). \sd meteorology \sd astronomy \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.284.1; 91.559.3-4; 93.353.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wayanli \rd waywayanli \ps v \ge float behind \de to float behind \ee As is said of what an article of clothing might do when one runs. \mr [] \sy aqtapawaya \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \cf waywayanli \ce to swing high \xv 1. tswayanli ʔišʔitškʔə \xe 'his g-string is flying in the wind as he runs.' \xv 2. tsaqtapawaya \xe 'it is floating in the wind.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.354.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wayap \rd waywayap \ps v \ge trade to \de to trade to \cf tałwayap \ce to swap \xv 1. kwayapus lokaʔatʔaxatš hesikʰkawayu \xe 'I swapped my horse to the man.' \xv 2. kišwayapš \xe 'let us swap.' \xv 3. ktałwayap \xe 'I made a trade.' \xv 4. tsiwaywayapš \xe 'they are trading.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.560.3; 93.354.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wayapəti \ps v \ge ascend slowly \ge ascend lazily \de to ascend slowly; to ascend lazily \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv wayapš \pde to trade to.IPFV \sy kʔitʔapəti \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \xv 1. kwayapəti \xe 'I ascended slowly.' \xv 2. tswayapəti \xe 'he goes climbing up slowly, with laziness.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.560.4-561.1; 93.355.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wayay̓a \ps n \ge grandmother \de grandmother \gn abuela \dn abuela \ee May be Casteac dialect. \sd dialects \sd kinship \lg JPH \rf 3.88.24.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx wayi- \ps vpre \ge slowly, of action done \ge INSTR.slowly \de of action done slowly \ee Glossed as INSTR.slowly. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI wayi- 'of action done slowly or casually' \cf wayałhəwli \ce to move across a slope slowly \cf wayinaʔał \ce to walk; to trod \cf wayitapli \ce to go into slowly \cf wayiyam \ce to descend slowly \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH; JPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -wayi- \ps vroot \ge winter, be \ge rainy season, be the \de be winter; be the rainy season \cf tsway̓i \ce rainy season; winter \cf wayinaʔaš \ce smth used in winter \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 27/Jun/2018 \lx wayinaʔał \rd waywayinaʔał \ps v \ge walk \ge trod \de to walk; to trod \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. laswaywayinaʔał ʔišayuqšnəʔəp xaʔax ʔišʰiliyəwyəw \xe 'she went slowly, sad at heart.' \xv 2. kwayinaʔał \xe 'he goes straight but goes very slowly.' \xv 3. kwayinaʔał \xe 'he goes straight but goes very slowly.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd motion \lg TJPH \rf 91.564.2-565.1; Glutton113 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wayinaʔaš \ps n \ge smth used in winter \ge winter, smth used in \de smth used in winter \mr [] \cf tsway̓i \ce rainy season; winter \xv 1. qołnowonəš ʔiwayinaʔaš \xe 'a house to pass the winter in.' \sd meteorology \sd chronometry \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.565.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wayitapli \ps v \ge go into slowly \de to go into slowly \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \xv 1. tswayitapli \xe 'she goes into the water or anything slowly' (like bather into surf at beach). \sd verbs \sd manner \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.565.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wayiyam \ps v \ge descend slowly \de to descend slowly \ee Note obligatory use of directional applicative. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv wayiyamli \pde to descend slowly.DIR \pdl v \pdv wayiyamtiʔiy \pde to descend slowly.CIS \sy kʔiłyamli \cf axyam \ce to descend quickly \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kʰwayiyamli \xe 'I descends slowly.' \xv 2. tswayiyamtiʔiy \xe 'he comes slowly down to where I am.' \lg JPH; TJPH \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \rf 90.67.2; 91.563.3-564.1 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx waywayanli \ps v \ge swing high \de to swing high \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \cf wayanli \ce to float behind \xv 1. tsʰwaywayanli \xe 'it swings high.' \xv 2. məʔək suswaywayanli \xe 'so it will go far' (said of a swing swinging far up). \sd verbs \sd manner \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.16; 91.566.1; 93.359.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx waywayap \ps v \ge trade to.REDUP \de to trade to.REDUP \cf wayap \ce to trade to \sd reduplications \dt 08/Sep/2011 \lx waywayinaʔał \ps v \ge walk.REDUP \ge trod.REDUP \de to walk.REDUP; to trod.REDUP \cf wayinaʔał \ce to walk; to trod \sd reduplcations \dt 08/Sep/2011 \lx we \rd wew̓e \a wé \a wè \ps v \ge sleep \de to sleep \cf alitʰax \ce to sleep in the morning \cf alitšwe \ce to have sex with; to fornicate with \cf alikuwewetš \ce to be lying down piled up \cf ikuwewe \ce to pile one thing on top of another \cf ikuwewetš \ce to be piled one on top of another \cf pełwe \ce to spend the night \cf pełwenmu \ce where one typically sleeps \cf qiłtsuyawe \ce to be half-asleep \cf supełwe \ce to pass the night; to stay overnight; to make stay overnight \cf suyawe \ce to be sleepy \cf šuweneʔeš \ce sedative; morphine \cf taksuwe \ce to put to sleep \cf watipełwe \ce to sleep by the roadside on a journey \cf weʔeł \ce to go smwh to sleep \cf wenmu \ce bedroom \cf wenpi \ce to sleep in \xv 1. kʰwew̓è \xe 'I am sleeping.' \xv 2. kišwe \xe 'we two sleep together.' \xv 3. lokəʔəqəy ʔan tsalinowo ʔiswe \xe 'the hen sleeps erect.' \xv 4. hukotoyinpi hukwe \xe 'I am going to lie on it (on the mat), I am going to sleep.' \xv 5. mušamušowu susiwe hemaʔam \xe 'the people do not allow the dogs to sleep in the houses.' \xv 6. no ʔan kwatilala kikakotoyi kikakwe \xe 'I was tired, I lay down and went to sleep.' \xv 7. niwašətš hałpwe ? ; hįhį̥, kalinaxyəʔət \xe 'have you slept well?' ; 'yes, all night.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \sd senses \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.648.4-650.4; Coyo88 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx weʔeł \ps v \ge go smwh to sleep \de to go smwh to sleep \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. kayukweʔeł \xe 'I am going into the other room to go to sleep.' \xv 2. kayukwe \xe 'I am going to sleep right where I am.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd routine \lg JPH \rf 91.651.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx weeqweł \ps v \ge make by chops \ge chops, make by \ge make by blows \ge blows, make by \de to make by chops; to make by blows \ee The vowel ee is almost like a single long vowel; there is no tendency to insert y, but the two impulses make it sound possibly a little that way. \mr [] \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \xv 1. tsamweeqweł \xe 'they are making it by chops.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.651.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wekek \ps v \ge collarbone \de collarbone \xv 1. tswekek \xe 'collar bones.' \xv 2. hesikwekek \xe 'my collarbones.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 91.655.3 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx -wekʔey- \ps vroot \ge scattering \ge wiping/sweeping \ge sweeping/wiping \de scattering; wiping/sweeping \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI wekʼey ‘?to wipe,’ INZ wekʼey ‘to be spread; to be scattered’ and possibly -wekey- ‘wiping; scraping’ (Whistler 1980: 38; SYBCI 2007: 430) \ee While it would seem that BOI wekʔey is cognate with INZ wekey , it is likely that, given the similarities in meanings, the BOI form and both INZ forms are cognate. This is supported by evidence from VEO, which demonstrates, through the word ušwekʔey, that –wekey is a variant of wekey . \cf ʔušwekeyeʔeš \ce broom \cf ʔušwekeyeš \ce rubbish pile; trashcan \cf ʔušwekeymu \ce rubbish pile \cf šaquntšiwekʔeyeš \ce to wipe one’s buttcrack \cf ušwekeʔey \ce to throw away; to dump out; to sweep out \cf watwatitiwekey \ce to rub one thing against another \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx wele \rd wełwele \rd welewele \ps v \ge stir \de to stir \sy ušwele \cf suwelewele \ce to wave smth; to shake smth; to wag smth; to sway smth \cf weleneʔeš \ce stirring stick \cf welewele \ce to sway back and forth \xv 1. hukušwele huksunuwus heʔikšałyəw \xe 'I am going to stir it with my mushstirrer.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd path \lg JPH \rf 91.506.4-507.1, 656.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wele- \cf wala- \ce quickly \sd variations \dt 17/Feb/2011 \lx weleł \ps n \ge pitseed goosefoot (plant species) \de pitseed goosefoot (plant species) \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (55). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.90.3 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx welełhew \ps v \ge come to (a place) briefly \de to come to (a place) briefly \mr [] \xv 1. tswelełhew \xe 'he comes and we have never seen him before' (as when a stranger comes to our house). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.650.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx welemespi \ps v \ge rush over to \de to rush over to \mr [] \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. tswelemespi \xe 'he went running over at him.' \xv 2. hukwelemespiyił \xe 'I am going to rush over at you or on top of you.' \xv 3. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tswelemespi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'the man went running over at the woman.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.657.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx weleneʔeš \ps n \ge stirring stick \de stirring stick \mr [] \cf wele \ce to stir \xv 1. hesikweleneʔeš \xe 'my stirring stick.' \sd tools \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.657.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx weleqe \a weleqʰ \se I \ps v \ge move aside \ge go aside \de to move aside; to go aside \cf suweleqe \ce to move smth/smn to one side \xv 1. tšiqipš siqas kinelahe sweleqe \xe 'the river gets full of sand at a place and the current turns aside.' \se II \ps vt \ge move back away from \de to move back away from \xv 1. ka siweleqenus ka siməkəʔə \xe 'and they removed themselves from her to be at some distance.' \xv 2. weleqenit \xe 'get out of my way' (imp.). \xv 3. muhupweleqenit \xe 'aren't you going to get out of my way?' \xv 4. weleqenuw \xe 'get out of his way' ; 'clear the way for him.' \xv 5. lahesweleqe \xe 'it is to one side here.' \xv 6. lasweleqe \xe 'it is just off to one side.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.657.1-2; Daughter85 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx welewele \ps v \ge sway back and forth \de to sway back and forth \mr [] \cf suwelewele \ce to wave smth; to shake smth; to wag smth; to sway smth \cf wele \ce to stir \xv 1. tswelewele ʔisewala \xe 'the barley sways.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.661.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx welexmen \ps v \ge fall over \de to fall over \mr [] \cf xmen \ce to fall apart; to fall over \xv 1. tswelexmen \xe (the tree) 'fell over of its own accord.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.658.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx welexš \a walexš \va (walexš) \ps v \ge pass \de to pass \cf ałwelexš \ce to endure smth \cf apiwelexš \ce to dodge \cf quntiwelexš \ce to exceed beyond \cf šapiwelexš \ce to shy from \cf šuyawelexš \ce to want to pass \xv 1. neʔešwelexš \xe 'he passed by.' \xv 2. neʔešwelexš sikaqšpəyə \xe 'my dizzy spell has passed.' \xv 3. lašwelexšpiyit ʔan mušašəwit \xe 'the man went by and did not answer me.' \xv 4. kwelexš lokasʔap kʔuwe kakʔamiwu mušnupnupahaʔa \xe 'I passed my friend's house but there was no noise' (he had not gotten up). \xv 5. lašwelexšpiyit ʔan mušašəwit \xe 'the man went by and did not answer me.' \xv 6. mupšuyawelexš loʔisiliyək lokaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš \xe 'do not pass into the midst of them.' \xv 7. neʔešwelexš sikaqšpəyə \xe 'my dizzy spell has passed.' \xv 8. heʔiswayi sałwelexš lamitʔi ʔištuhuy \xe 'this winter that passed it rained very little.' \xv 9. kawališup Ϟor lokałwelexš kašup \xe 'last year.' \xv 10. heʔiswayi šałwelexš lamitʔi ʔištuhuy \xe 'this winter that passed it rained very little.' \xv 11. neʔešwelexš ʔiswayi \xe 'winter has already passed.' \xv 12. neʔekaʔipštewe ʔišup hałšwelexšwaš \xe 'in years past.' \xv 13. neʔekiwelexšwaš lokasaquntʔutuk hesimaha kikiqisə sixus \xe 'we had passed the part of that ravine when we saw a bear.' \xv 14. mupšuyawelexš loʔisiliyək lokaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš \xe 'do not pass into the midst of them.' \xv 15. kansaʔaltšutšoho ʔisaqiwəwə ʔan tšwelexš losiʔikʔikmen̓ tšwelexšpi hesiʔikʔikmen̓ tsməkənli \xe 'one who knows how to swim passes the waves, passes the waves and goes far.' \xv 16. tsalumulit ʔan tsʔipit kʰan pqisənwu hałʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš an mupwatinowo ʔapitaq hałʔiyʔałʔipʔipʰpi \xe 'my grandmother counseled me not to suddenly stand by a bunch of men to listen what they are talking about.' \xv 17. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd chronometry \sd common \rf 89.84.3, 251.3, 335.2-3; 91.19.1-29.4, 47.4; 91.658.3-660.4; 92.743.1; Coyo1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wełwelał \ps v \ge wake for, have a \de to have a wake for \mr [] \xv 1. kiwełwelał ʔišaqšanutš \xe 'we had a wake for a dead man.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.656.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wenem̓u \ps name \ge Wenem̓u \de Wenem̓u; present-day Hueneme \xv 1. wenemu ʔan kakxiliwił \xe 'I saw it in Hueneme.' \sd names \sd places \lg JPH \rf 69.55.1 \dt 12/Nov/2018 \lx wenepskʔewewe \ps v \ge wriggle along \de to wriggle along \mr [] \xv 1. laswenwenepskʔewewe \xe 'it wriggles along' (said of a snake's movement). \sd verbs \sd animals \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.661.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wenmu \a wemu \va (wemu) \ps n \ge bedroom \de bedroom \mr [] \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. tsʔił ʔisiwenmu \xe 'it has its sleeping place.' \xv 2. kasułkuw ʔan ksukitwonwu lokapawapaw hesikwenmu \xe 'last night I chased the flies out of my bedroom.' \xv 3. loʔisiwemu hesəʔəqəy ʔan tsamsuwesmeswu sipon̓ kikasiwe hesəʔəqəy kesiyalinowo \xe 'at the chickenhouse they put poles across from them to sleep.' \sd places \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.662.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wenpi \ps v \ge sleep in \de to sleep in \mr [] \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. tsʔił səʔəqəy kʔuwe musisuyawenpi lokasiyʔap kəʔəqəy, kʔuwap siyapəti hesiponpoʔon \xe 'some chickens do not want to sleep in the chicken-house, but go up in trees.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.662.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx weqetš \sc ?Emerita analoga \ps n \ge sand crab \ge crab, sand \de sand crab \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI weqʼečʼ ⁓ wexeč ‘sand crab’ (Whistler 1980: 38) \sd animals \sd ocean \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.148.3 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx wes- \cf waš-2 \ce of traversing \sd variations \dt 27/Jun/2018 \lx weselu \ps n \ge calf (animal) \de calf (animal) \mr [] \xv 1. tseqeqmelew lokaweselu \xe 'the cow is licking her calf.' \sd animals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd mammals \sd husbandry \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.450.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wesmes \rd weswesmes \ps v \ge traversed, be \de to be traversed \mr [] \cf aliwesmes \ce to lie in a crosswise position \cf eqtewesmes \ce to be blown over to another area \cf kasuwesmes \ce to cut lengthwise \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf qulusuwesmes \ce to move smth lengthwise \xv 1. tswesmes \xe (said of a crossbeam over doorway). \xv 2. lokaʔałwesmes \xe 'the crossboard' ; 'the crossbeam.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.663.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx weswesmes \ps v \ge traversed, be.REDUP \de to be traversed.REDUP \cf wesmes \ce to be traversed \sd reduplications \dt 19/Feb/2011 \lx weš- \cf waš-2 \ce of traversing \sd variations \dt 27/Jun/2018 \lx wešxeʔe \ph wɛʃˈxɛˀɛ \a wesxéʔe \a wešxeʔè \a wešxeʔe \a wešxéʔè \va (wesxeʔe) \ps v \ge pass clear through \de to pass clear through \ee This position of the initial sibilant in this word is uncertain. Based on related words it should be [s], but it is seen causing post alveolar harmony in ͽšutiwešmes. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv wesxeniʔiy \pde to pass clear through.REP \cf qiliwešxeʔe \ce to look over into \cf šiqiłwešxeʔe \ce to peep through; to look through \cf šutiwešxeʔe \ce to draw out (information); to ascertain \xv 1. hukwešxeʔe \xe 'my whole body goes through' (a gap in a fence for instance). \xv 2. kwəł tsiwə ʔan tswesxeʔe lomotʔo \xe 'I shot a deer thus.' \xv 3. tsitsʔuqit ʔan tswesxeʔe lomotʔo \xe 'he stabbed me through my hand and it came out on the other side.' \lg JPH; TJPH \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \rf 91.663.3-664.3; 94.373.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wetswetsʔek \ps v \ge spread one's legs.REDUP \de to spread one's legs.REDUP \cf wetsʔeq \ce to spread one's legs \sd reduplications \dt 19/Feb/2011 \lx wetsʔeq \a wetswetsʔek \ps v \ge spread one's legs \de to spread one's legs \mr [] \cf suwetsʔek \ce to spread smn's legs \cf tšʔeq \ce to crack; to split \xv 1. tswetsʔeq \xe 'she spreads her legs.' \xv 2. no ʔan kwetsʔeq \xe 'I spread my legs.' \xv 3. tswetswetsʔek \xe 'he has his legs spread.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.664.4 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx wewek \a wewèkʰ \ps v \ge torn, be \ge tear, have a \ge have a tear \de to have a tear; to be torn \cf exwewek \ce to tear with the teeth \cf kewewek \ce to cut something flat and thin \cf niwewek \ce to tear (with the hands) \cf wewekutš \ce to be torn up \xv 1. tswewek \xe (the upper of the shoe) 'is torn.' \xv 2. tsʰwewek \xe 'it is torn' (said of big holes in a handkerchief). \xv 3. tswewek hesikʔkamisa ʔan hukxatʔaqsik kəwə musʔił kʔawuxa \xe 'my shirt is torn and I am going to tie the hole together with string for I have no needle.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 89.529.3; 90.210.4; 91.665.1-666.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wewekutš \ps v \ge torn up, be \de to be torn up \mr [] \cf wewek \ce to have a tear; to be torn \xv 1. tsʰwewekutš \xe 'it is all torn up.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.666.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wewey̓ \sc Artemisia californica \ps n \ge coastal sagebrush \ge sagebrush, coastal \de coastal sagebrush \gn romerillo \dn romerillo \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (36 37). \sd plants \sd nature \sd religion \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.81.3, 90.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx wew̓e \ps v \ge sleep.REDUP \de to sleep.REDUP \cf we \ce to sleep \sd reduplications \dt 08/Sep/2011 \lx wexetš \ps n \ge inguinal triangle \de inguinal triangle \gn verija (beríja) \dn verija (beríja) \ee It is possible that this term refers to the perineum, crotch, and or groin. \xv 1. hesikwexetš \xe 'my inguinal triangle.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.662.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx wey \rd weywey \cf hiwey \ce pass; crack; intergluteal cleft; buttcrack \cf kewey \ce to notch (said of the end of an arrow tip) \cf keweyeš \ce I. notch II. to be notched \cf niwey \ce to cut an opening \cf tswey1 \ce mouth of river \cf watiwey \ce to break through suddenly to break through (as is said of a river) \cf weyitš \ce to have a crack; to have a nick \se I \ps n \ge notch \ge buttcrack \ge groove \de notch; buttcrack; groove \xv 1. hesikwey \xe 'the crack between my buttocks.' \xv 2. lokaswey kaʔutʔam \xe 'mouth of the river.' \xv 3. hesikʔaqʰkəyəminaʔaš tsʔił ʔisʰwey \xe 'my arrowstraightener has a groove.' \se II \ps v \ge break through (as is said of a river) \ge fluted, be \ge notched, be \ge wane (said of the moon) \de to break through (as is said of a river); to be fluted; to be notched; to wane (said of the moon) \gn menguar \dn menguar \xv 1. tsweywey heʔispanayəʔəw \xe 'its edge is fluted.' \xv 2. kaštapinə ʔan musʔił tswey kikəpə ʔan neʔeswey \xe 'yesterday the mouth of the river was closed but today it broke through.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd geography \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.652.3-654.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx weyeš \rd weyweyeʔeš \ps n \ge bull \ge ox \de ox; bull \mr [] \xv 1. lokakweyeš \xe 'my ox.' \xv 2. lokakweyweyeʔeš \xe 'my oxen.' \sd animals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd mammals \sd husbandry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.655.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx weyitš \ps v \ge crack, have a \ge nick, have a \de to have a crack; to have a nick \ee This form was not used much. \mr [] \cf wey \ce to break through (as is said of a river); to be fluted; to be notched; to wane (said of the moon) \xv 1. tsweyitš \xe 'he has a crack between buttocks or nick in side of plate or rim of cup.' \sd descriptions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx weywey \cf wey \ce I. notch; buttcrack; groove II. to break through (as is said of a river); to be fluted; to be notched; to wane (said of the moon) \se I \ps n \ge notch.REDUP \ge buttcrack.REDUP \ge groove.REDUP \de notch.REDUP; buttcrack.REDUP; groove.REDUP \se II \ps v \ge break through (as is said of a river).REDUP \ge fluted, be.REDUP \ge wane (said of the moon).REDUP \ge notched, be.REDUP \de to break through (as is said of a river).REDUP; to be fluted.REDUP; to be notched.REDUP; to wane (said of the moon).REDUP \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx weyweyeʔeš \ps n \ge bull.REDUP \ge ox.REDUP \de bull.REDUP; ox.REDUP \cf weyeš \ce ox; bull \sd reduplications \dt 27/Jun/2018 \lx wə \rd wəhwəʔə \sc Odocoileus hemionus \ps n \ge deer \de deer \mr [] \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI wɨ ‘deer,’ CRZ wɨ ‘deer’, INZ wɨ ‘deer’ (Whistler 1980: 69; Klar 1977: 84; SYBCI 2007: 438) \cf manesał \ce doe (female deer) \cf metš \ce fawn (young deer) \cf sulupakʔa \ce deer (young and without branching horns) \cf wiwiyət \ce buck (male deer) \xv 1. ʔaxwi ʔi wə \xe 'deerskin.' \xv 2. tsʔaxpilił ʔiwə \xe 'deer sinew.' \xv 3. tsʔaxpilił ʔismət ʔiwə \xe 'the back sinew of deer.' \xv 4. hukʔamhanus lokawə́ \xe 'I sneak up on the deer.' \xv 5. kʔamhanus lokawə \xe 'I stole up on the deer' (treading softly so as to get a shot at him). \xv 6. tštoy̓ ʔi wə \xe 'deer hoof.' \xv 7. tšluqay ʔištoy̓ lokawə \xe 'the deer has a split hoof.' \xv 8. tšluhəʔən lokasʰap kawə, kʔuwe lokaqʰaq ʔan latšlupakeʔet, pakeʔet ʔisʰap \xe 'the deer has horns with many branches but the antelope’s horn grows straight without branches.' \xv 9. tsʔił ʔišiyušqaləʔəš pon̓ iqwe kasila ʔisʰapsiwə tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔkasiyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyuqał \xe 'they have their wedges of toyon wood or deerhorn, and they open or split the palo according to their desire using the wedges.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd food \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 71.749.1; 89.290.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx wəhwəʔə \ps n \ge deer.REDUP \de deer.REDUP \cf wə \ce deer \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wəł \rd wəłwəł \ps v \ge shoot \de to shoot \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI wɨl ‘to shoot,’ INZ wɨl ‘to shoot,’ OBI mɨłhɨ ‘to shoot’ (Klar 1977: 119) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv wəłpi \pde to shoot.APL.LOC \cf axʔuwəł \ce to shoot without much effort; to spit without much effort \cf tayawəł \ce to shoot quickly \cf watiwəł \ce to shoot in passing \cf wələʔəš1 \ce harpoon \cf wəlutš \ce shot \xv 1. hukwəł \xe 'I am going to shoot.' \xv 2. hukwəla ? \xe 'I am going to shoot, don’t you know?' \xv 3. hukwəł sitšotšonəʔəš \xe 'I am going to shoot fish.' \xv 4. latšə ʔisamwəłwəłwu \xe 'they used to shoot them all the time.' \xv 5. kwəłpi sikʔitsʔuqaʔaš lokawə kišaqša \xe 'I threw my lance at the deer and killed him.' \xv 6. wəł lokakispotspotsmu \xe 'let’s practice shooting the target.' \sd verbs \sd archery \sd food \sd hunting \rf 91.667.3-669.2, 670.2; Klar 1977: 119 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx wəlatšo \ps v \ge drunk, be \de to be drunk \mr [] \xv 1. tšwə́latšo \xe 'he is drunk.' \sd verbs \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd body \sd descriptions \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 88.261.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx wələʔəš \hm 1 \ps n \ge harpoon \de harpoon \ee It is uncertain if this is word related to ͽwələʔəš1 ‘to set a stake of money. \mr [] \cf wəł \ce to shoot \sd tools \sd hunting \sd food \sd ocean \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.669.4-670.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wələʔəš \hm 2 \ps v \ge set a stake of money \de to set a stake of money \ee It is uncertain if this word is related to ͽwələʔəš2 ‘harpoon.’ \mr ?[] \cf wəł \ce to shoot \xv 1. hukišwələʔəš \xe 'let us set a stake of money, gambling.' \sd verbs \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.670.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wəlutš \ps n \ge shot \de shot \mr [] \cf wəł \ce to shoot \xv 1. mukquntikumli lokapwəlutš \xe 'I did not shoot as far as you did.' \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.670.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wəłwəł \ps v \ge shoot.REDUP \de to shoot.REDUP \cf wəł \ce to shoot \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wəp \hm 1 \rd wəpwəp \a wəpʰ \ps v \ge hit \de to hit \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv wəpʰpi \pde to hit.APL.LOC \cf suyawəp \ce to try to hit \cf wəpəʔəš \ce whip; flail; swing-stick device \xv 1. kʰwəp \xe 'I give one hit' (e.g., with a warclub). \xv 2. hukwəpwə́p \xe 'I am going to beat.' \xv 3. kʰwəp lokakiwokoʔok \xe 'I hit the shinney ball.' \xv 4. kinela swəpʰpi \xe 'at last he hit him with it.' \xv 5. hukwəpwəpił \xe 'I am going give you many hits.' \xv 6. hukwəpʰpiyił hesipon̓ \xe 'I am going to hit you with a stick.' \xv 7. hukwəp sitilíwu \xe 'I am going to flail wheat.' \xv 8. hukwəpwəpił hesipon̓ \xe 'I am going to give you a licking with this stick.' \xv 9. kikasʰuwaya lokaspala kiswəpʰpi kiswatipkʔes \xe 'and she raised up the spade and hit it and squashed it.' \xv 10. hukʰkimiyí(y)ʔì sukwəpwəpił hesipon̓ \xe 'I am going to beat you again.' \xv 11. lokapon̓ kakšunuwušutš sikwəp lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the stick I used for hitting the man.' \xv 12. musitapi maʔam heʔištəʔəniwaš tsamsunuwas sipon̓ \xe 'the dogs did not enter the houses, they hit them with sticks if they entered.' \xv 13. kpetep sipapeł kikakał tsunuwus kikwəpwəpʰpiwu \xe 'I folded a paper and used it for swatting flies with.' \xv 14. neʔestaniməkəʔə kinelašapuliʔiš lokaštałhəw heʔiškomlaʔa ʔisʔəł kiswəpʰpi sixəp \xe 'but when she had not gone any great distance she suddenly seized the child by its legs and swung it against a rock.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.670.4-675.1, 676.1-3; 94.198 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx wəp \hm 2 \sc Yucca whipplei \ps n \ge chaparral yucca \ge yucca, chaparral \ge Spanish bayonet (plant) \ge bayonet (plant), Spanish \de chaparral yucca; Spanish bayonet \et ɕ \ec See also BOI wɨp ⁓ wɨpʼ ‘chaparral yucca (cooked head, leaves, or flower stalk); spanish bayonet (cooked head, leaves, or flower stalk)’ INZ wɨp ‘chaparral yucca (cooked head or leaves); spanish bayonet (cooked head or leaves)’ (Timbrook 2007: 226-229; Whistler 1980: 39) \ee This may refer to the raw or cooked head or the raw or cooked leaves of this plant (Timbrook 2007: 226 229). \cf štakuk \ce chaparral yucca (plant and also the flower stalks, green or cooked); Spanish bayonet (plant and also the flower stalks, green or cooked) \xv 1. hukikuy siwəp \xe 'I am going to roast stalks of yucca.' \sd plants \sd food \lg TJPH; JT \rf 81.97.1; 89.598.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx wəpaʔaš \cf wəpəʔəš \ce whip; flail; swing-stick device \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wəpəʔəš \a wəpaʔaš \ps n \ge whip \ge flail \ge swing-stick device \de whip; flail; swing-stick device \gn chirrión \dn chirrión \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 57 58). \mr [] \cf wəp1 \ce to hit \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.675.2-675.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wəpwəp \ps v \ge hit.REDUP \de to hit.REDUP \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv wəpwəpʰpi \pde to hit.REDUP.APL.LOC \cf wəp1 \ce to hit \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wəši \a wəšì \ps n \ge dog \de dog \ee Humaliwo dialect. \et ɕ \ec Compare CRZ wuču ‘dog,’ INZ huču ‘dog,’ ROS wuču ‘dog’ (Beeler & Klar 1977: 64; SYBCI 2007: 128) \xv 1. tskumù ʔisenhes loʔkawəšì \xe 'these are the four souls of the dog.' \sd animals \sd dialects \lg TJPH \rf Bad30 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wətwət \ps v \ge flap \ge fan \de to flap; to fan \ee No non reduplicated form given. \xv 1. hukwətwət \xe 'I am going to fan' (the fire or anything with anything broad). \xv 2. tswətwət isxoyoyo \xe 'it flies flapping.' \sd animals \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 91.677.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -wəwə- \ps vroot \ge of movement through water \ge movement through water \de of movement through water \cf aqiwəwə \ce to swim \cf imləwəwə \ce to ripple \sd vroots \sd roots \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wəy \rd wəywəy \ps v \ge change one's mind \ge forsake \de to change one's mind; to forsake \ee Note what seems to be an obligatory used of poš as the object. \xv 1. neʔeswəy hešikpoš \xe 'I am thinking and at last the thought changes.' \xv 2. tswəywəy hešikpoš \xe 'I keep changing my mind, thinking here and there.' \xv 3. nayiswəy hesikpoš \xe 'my heart forsakes' (said if I forget my loved one and go off leaving her). \sd emotions \sd cognition \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 71.680.2; 91.666.3-667.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wəyiwəy \ps n \ge ?Steller’s jay \ge ?jay, Steller’s \de ?Steller’s jay \ee Harrington’s description of this bird is vague. Henshaw (Heizer 1955) identifies this as a blue crested jay. Presumably he means Steller’s jay (the only crested jay in the territory in question), although the crest is usually dark on this species. The etymology of the word refers to the bird’s habit of stepping away from its food and then returning to it. \mr [] \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.646.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wəywəy \ps v \ge change one's mind.REDUP \ge forsake.REDUP \de to change one's mind.REDUP; to forsake.REDUP \cf wəy \ce to change one's mind; to forsake \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wi- \ps vpre \ge by striking \ge striking, by \ge with blows \ge blows, with \ge INSTR.striking \de with blows; by striking \ee It seems to be used mostly on verbs, though, as can be seen in this entry, it is also used in the formation of nouns. It indicates that a verb is done with a hitting or striking of some kind. Glossed as INSTR.striking. \cf niwipxey \ce to increase the speed of \cf wikla \ce to break with a blow \cf wikʔot \ce to chop \cf wikʰał \ce to split open (with a rock) \cf wikʰaləʔəš \ce adze \cf wikʰonono \ce to loosen earth \cf wikʰonononəʔəš \ce tool for loosening earth \cf wikʰononotš \ce to be loosened \cf wilewlew \ce to remove by blows \cf wimaqtu \ce to knock into two pieces \cf wipen \ce to clear with a hoe \cf wipeneʔeš \ce hoe \cf wipetš \ce to be cleared with a hoe (said of weeds) \cf wipkʔes \ce to smash with a blow \cf wipʔow \ce to make curved with blows \cf wisəx \ce to pound in tight \cf wisukitwo \ce to peck out; to wash ashore \cf wisumeleweʔe \ce to sink with blows \cf wisunapay \ce to be washed ashore \cf wisutapi \ce to drive a stake into \cf wisuxululu \ce to roll by hitting \cf wišaqša \ce to kill by striking \cf wišliyək \ce to hit in the middle \cf wišteleqšaši \ce to hit tails together \cf ?witut \ce to bump into smth (with one’s shoulder) \cf witšwitšʔeq \ce to whittle \cf witšʔeq \ce to split smth \cf witšʔeqeš \ce accumulation of chips \cf wiwał \ce to bore hole in \cf wiwatə \ce anvil; chopping board \cf wiwex \ce to smash/crush with blows \cf wiwiłpi \ce to nail to; to affix to with blows \cf wiwiłpimu \ce anvil; place where things are pounded on \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wikla \ps v \ge break with a blow \de to break with a blow \mr [] \cf kla \ce to be broken \xv 1. kwikla \xe 'I broke it by a blow' (e.g., inkbottle). \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.678.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wikʰał \a wiqʰał \va wiqʰał \ps v \ge split open (with a rock) \de to split open (with a rock) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv wikʰałpi \pde to split open.APL.LOC \cf wikʰaləʔəš \ce adze \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \xv 1. kwikʰał \xe 'I hit him in the head and broke his head' (with a thrown stone or anything). \xv 2. kwiqʰał \xe 'I break it open' (said of a box to which I have lost the key). \xv 3. hukwikʰał ʔišyəwəš \xe 'I am going to split his head' (by throwing a stone or with a stone in hand). \xv 4. hukwikʰalił hešipyəwəš \xe 'I am going to split your head.' \xv 5. tswikʰał heʔišyəwəš \xe 'he hit his head with a stone.' \xv 6. tswikʰalit hesikyəwəš \xe 'he threw at me with a stone from near to and hit my head' (let stone loose). \xv 7. tswikʰałpi sixəp \xe 'he threw a rock at me and hit me.' \xv 8. kwikʰałpitšaš \xe 'I hit myself in the head with a rock.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.678.3-679.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wikʰaləʔəš \ps n \ge adze \de adze \ee A tool with a curved blade at right angles to the handle. Used to carve/shape wood. \mr [] \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \cf wikʰał \ce to split open (with a rock) \xv 1. kʰwikʰalə̀ʔə̀š \xe 'my adze.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.324.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx wikʰonono \ps v \ge loosen earth \de to loosen earth \mr [] \cf wikʰonononəʔəš \ce tool for loosening earth \cf wikʰononotš \ce to be loosened \xv 1. hukwikʰonono hemišup \xe 'I am going to loosen the earth.' \sd verbs \sd agriculture \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.680.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wikʰonononəʔəš \ps n \ge tool for loosening earth \de tool for loosening earth \mr [] \cf wikʰonono \ce to loosen earth \xv 1. wikʰonononəʔəš ʔipon̓ \xe 'a stick for loosening the earth.' \sd tools \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.679.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wikʰononotš \ps v \ge loosened, be \de to be loosened \mr [] \cf wikʰonono \ce to loosen earth \xv 1. neʔešwikʰononotš \xe '[the earth] is loosened.' \sd verbs \sd agriculture \sd descriptions \sd geology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.680.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wikʔot \ps v \ge chop \de to chop \mr [] \cf kʔot \ce to be broken (non-functioning) \xv 1. hukwikʔot \xe ''I am going to break it' (with the ax). \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.678.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -wił- \ps vroot \ge exist \de to exist \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI wil ‘to exist, to have,’ INZ wil ‘to be; to exist’ (Beeler 1978: 188; SYBCI 2007: 433) \ee This is the root form of ͽʔił ‘to exist.’ \sy ʔił \cf ʔaqšiwiłmu \ce dining place; place (table or floor) where meals are regularly eaten \cf ʔaxiwił \ce dance ground \cf ʔušwilaš \ce abundance (of food) \cf ałhiwiłpi \ce to be born of \cf apiwił \ce to be a fire (in the open) \cf apiwilutš \ce to be a place of a former campfire \cf aqniwił \ce to exchange ideas \cf aqwiʔiʔin \ce to be the very last \cf aqwin \ce to be the only; to be only; to be the last \cf axwiʔił \ce to come only so far \cf axwilutš \ce to have reached so far \cf kinawił \ce to die smwh \cf kinawiłmu \ce place where people die \cf kuwiłpi \ce to adorn; to fit well; to suit \cf małwilutš \ce afterbirth; place for giving birth \cf naxwiʔił \ce to suffice only so much \cf qałtsutiłmu \ce petticoats; underskirts \cf qałwiłpi \ce to tie two long things together side by side \cf sapiwił \ce to make a fire \cf sapiwiłmu \ce fireplace; place where they build the fire all the time \cf tałwiłpi \ce to grasp (two things) side by side \cf tsiłkitwo \ce spring (of water) \cf ?uniwił \ce to halt smth; to keep in check \cf ušwił \ce to serve (food) \cf watiwiłpi \ce to bump one’s body against \cf wiwiłpi \ce to nail to; to affix to with blows \cf wiwiłpimu \ce anvil; place where things are pounded on \cf xałwił \ce to wrap a dead body \cf xałwilaš \ce wrapped corpse \cf xiliwił \ce to see where smth is at \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wilewlew \ps v \ge remove by blows \de to remove by blows \mr [] \cf lew \ce to break away in increments \cf nilewlew \ce to break off.REDUP \xv 1. kʰwilewlew \xe 'I peck pieces off, as if took an awl or pecking stone and pecked pieces off around edge of a shell.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.375.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wilili \ps v \ge make noise \de to make noise \cf aqwilili \ce to sing (said of a certain genre) \xv 1. tsamwilìlì \xe 'they are all making a row and yelling.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.133.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -wilili \ps nsuf \ge noisy group \de noisy group \ee This suffix seems to function as a nominalizer or compound. \cf wilili \ce to make noise \xv 1. tšʔoq ; tšʔoqwilili \xe 'blackbird ; flock of noisy blackbirds.' \xv 2. ʔaʔawaš ; ʔaʔawašwilili \xe 'crow ; flock of noisy crows.' \sd nsuffixes \sd suffixes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.632.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx wililik \sc Baccharis plummerae; Conyza canadensis \ps n \ge Plummer’s baccharis \ge baccharis, Plummer’s \ge horseweed \de Plummer’s baccharis; horseweed \ee Described as having a trunk about 1 in (2.5 cm) in diameter. It grows in or near rivers, and it is not large. The leaves of this plant are not broad and they are reddish in color. See also Timbrook 2007 (44). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.69.1, 87.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wiliqap \ps n \ge dogwood species \de dogwood species \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (61). \sd plants \sd trees \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.91.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx wima \hm 1 \ps n \ge wima \ge Santa Rosa Island \de Santa Rosa Island \cf ʔatʔapwima \ce Santa Rosa islander \cf tšumaš \ce islander \xv 1. kumeł isaputitsʔə heʔišišliyək mitšumaš kawima \xe 'there is a strong or bad current between Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands.' \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.344.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wima \hm 2 \ps n \ge coast redwood \ge redwood, coast \de coast redwood \sc Sequoia sempervirens \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI wiʼma ‘red pine,’ CRZ wima ‘redwood,’ INZ wimaʼ ‘redwood’ (Whistler 1980: 39; Klar 1977: 113; Timbrook 2007: 208) \xv 1. šik ʔi wimà \xe 'bed bug (lit., louse of redwood.' \xv 2. tsʔił ʔišiyušqaləʔəš pon̓ ʔiqwe kasila ʔisʰapsiwə tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔkasiyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyuqał \xe 'they have their wedges of toyon wood or deerhorn, and they open or split the palo according to their desire using the wedges.' \sd plants \lg JPH; JT \rf 70.290.2; 81.83.1, 91.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx wimaqtu \ps v \ge knock into two pieces \de to knock into two pieces \mr [] \xv 1. kwimaqtu \xe 'I knock it into two pieces with a blow.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.682.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx Winay \a Winái \a Winai \a winai \a Winài \a winài \ps name \ge winay \de Winay; Ventureño man's name \sd names \rf Coyo68 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx winoqš \rd winoqšnoqš \ps v \ge chop \de to chop \mr [] \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \cf suyanoqš \ce to try to chop \cf suyawinoqš \ce to try to chop \cf winoqšəʔəš \ce ax \xv 1. hukwinokš \xe 'I am going to chop it' ; 'I am going to cut it by a blow.' \xv 2. hukwinoqšnoqš \xe 'I am going to chop it up after it has fallen.' \xv 3. tšamwinoqš heʔišyəwəš \xe 'they cut off its head.' \xv 4. no ʔan kwinoqš hesikʔəł \xe 'I cut my foot' (with an ax). \xv 5. lokaqunup ʔan tsʰin lokaʔátša tsʰuyawinoqš sixəp \xe 'that boy has gotten the ax, he is trying to cut stones.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.216.4; 91.682.3-684.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx winoqšəʔəš \ps n \ge ax \de ax \ee Consultant noted that older men used the Spanish borrowing ʔatša. \mr [] \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \cf winoqš \ce to chop \sd tools \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.684.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx winoqšnoqš \ps v \ge chop.REDUP \de to chop.REDUP \cf winoqš \ce to chop \sd reduplications \dt 19/Feb/2011 \lx winu \ps n \ge wine \de wine \gn wino \dn vino \mr [] \xv 1. kaqmił siwinu ʔan ksaxukumu \xe 'I drink wine with moderation.' \xv 2. kʰin pakeʔet ʔištum saʔatuštap kikakuštipey siwínù kikaqmiʔił kitsʔoyonit, kʔuwe laxutaxtaxšətš \xe 'I beat up a raw egg with wine and it seems to give me strength, it helps me.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.113.1, 685.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wipen \ps v \ge clear with a hoe \de to clear with a hoe \mr [] \cf wipeneʔeš \ce hoe \cf wipetš \ce to be cleared with a hoe (said of weeds) \xv 1. kwipen \xe 'I clean with a hoe.' \xv 2. hukwipen \xe 'I am going to clean the ground by hoeing, remove the weeds.' \sd verbs \sd agriculture \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.685.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wipeneʔeš \ps n \ge hoe \de hoe \gn azadón (hazadon) \dn azadón (hazadon) \ee This likely refers to a grub hoe. This was a tool the Spanish brought. \mr [] \cf wipen \ce to clear with a hoe \sd tools \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.685.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wipetš \ps v \ge cleared with a hoe (said of weeds), be \de to be cleared with a hoe (said of weeds) \mr [] \cf wipen \ce to clear with a hoe \xv 1. kwipetš \xe 'I cleared it with a hoe.' \xv 2. tsʔił tsixʔanwa saʔałwipetš lokasʰələyət \xe 'there was a woman who was working in her garden.' \sd verbs \sd agriculture \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.686.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wipkʔes \ps v \ge smash with a blow \de to smash with a blow \mr [] \cf pkʔes \ce to burst open; to open from the inside out \xv 1. hukwipkʔes hesixwetet \xe 'I am going to smash this frog by a blow with a stick or anything.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.687.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wipʰatata \ps v \ge break smth apart \de to break smth apart \mr [] \cf pʰatata \ce to break; to separate; to split apart \xv 1. huʔamwipʰatata \xe 'they are going to hit it so that it all falls to pieces like a shattered clod.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.687.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wipʔow \ps v \ge make curved with blows \ge curved with blows, make \de to make curved with blows \mr [] \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. kwipʔow \xe 'I chop away part of a board to leave it curved.' \xv 2. kwipʔow \xe 'I bend an iron rod or anything by blows.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.687.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wiq \ps v \ge dysentery, have \ge have dysentery \de to have dysentery \sy ušʔak \xv 1. no ʔan kwiq \xe 'I have dysentery.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 91.428.2, 680.4-681.3 \dt 28/Aug/2016 \lx wiqʰał \cf wikʰał \ce to split open (with a rock) \sd variations \dt 19/Feb/2011 \lx wiqʔalaw \a wiqalaw \ps v \ge pull up with a blow (said of hoeing plants) \de to pull up with a blow (said of hoeing plants) \mr [] \xv 1. kwiqʔalaw \xe 'I pulled the plant up root and all' (using a blow by a hoe). \sd verbs \sd agriculture \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.193.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -wis- \ps vroot \de root of uncertain meaning \ee This may refer to action related to shredding. \cf uswis \ce to shred with fingers \sd uncertain \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx wisəx \ps v \ge pound in tight \de to pound in tight \mr [] \xv 1. kwisəx \xe 'I pound it in tight.' \xv 2. hukwisəx \xe 'I am going to drive' (a stake into ground). \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.690.3-691.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wiski \ps n \ge whiskey \de whiskey \mr [] \xv 1. tsaqmił siwiski kisapitsʔə \xe 'he warmed himself with whiskey.' \sd borrowings \sd English \sd food \lg TJPH \rf 91.420.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wisukitwo \ps v \ge peck out \ge wash ashore \de to peck out; to wash ashore \ee The contribution of the instrumental wi to the translation ‘to wash ashore’ is unclear here. \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \cf sukitwo \ce to make go out; to make move out \xv 1. siwisukitwo \xe 'they peck them out.' \xv 2. tswisukitwo pakeʔet sitšotšonəʔəš \xe 'one fish washed ashore.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.691.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wisumeleweʔe \ps v \ge sink with blows \de to sink with blows \mr [] \cf melewe \ce to sink under water \cf sumeleweʔe \ce to pull under water; to pull in water \xv 1. lokawuki kalutiyək lokawot ʔan tsamwisumeleweʔe \xe 'they sent the boat that the captain was on down to the bottom with blows.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd ocean \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.691.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wisunapay \ps v \ge washed ashore, be \de to be washed ashore \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \cf sunapay \ce to raise; to make rise; to save \xv 1. tswisunapáywu ʔisqoyíʔìs \xe 'lots of seaweed has washed ashore.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.137.1; 91.692.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wisutapi \ps v \ge drive a stake into \de to drive a stake into \mr [] \cf saxinowo \ce to place vertically by ramming into the ground \cf sutapi \ce to put into; to put through \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. hukwisutapi hesipon̓ hemišup \xe 'I am going to drive this stake into the ground.' \xv 2. kikaswisutapi lokaswał \xe 'it drives acorns into holes.' \xv 3. huknunaluʔus hesikʰkawayu lokaʔelelu, kuhusʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tšwišutapinwu siklawus lokasʔeqenmu \xe 'I am going to take my horse to the blacksmith, he is going to shoe him, he cuts away the part under the hoof and nails the shoe on.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.692.3-693.3; 94.374.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wisuteqpey \ps v \ge make adhere by blows \ge adhere by blows, make \ge nail to \de to make adhere by blows; to nail to \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv wisuteqpeypi \pde to make adhere by blows APL.LOC; to nail to.APL.LOC \sy wiwiłpi \cf ipanpi \ce to nail \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf suteqpey \ce to hitch/connect (as in when attaching a wagon to horses); to glue to \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \xv 1. kwisuteqpey hesitawla \xe 'I nailed the board firm.' \xv 2. hukwisuteqpeypi sipoʔn hesilamesa \xe 'I am going to nail this board on the table.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.212.4; 91.693.4-694.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wisuxululu \ps v \ge roll by hitting \de to roll by hitting \mr [] \cf suxululu \ce to roll smth \cf xululu \ce to roll (as is said of a ball or wheel) \xv 1. hukwisuxululu \xe 'I am going to play rolling a hoop hitting it with a stick.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.483.4; 91.692.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wišaqša \ps v \ge kill by striking \de to kill by striking \ee The purpose of the nominalizing prefix is uncertain in the example here. \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \xv 1. kinelakałwišaqša \xe 'at last he killed it with a stick.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.694.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wišliyək \ps v \ge hit in the middle \de to hit in the middle \ee Harrington notes that he could get no other ͽwiš- compounds. The instrumental prefix ͽwi- is evident here. Likely the sibilant is a third person marker. \mr [] \cf liyək \ce middle \xv 1. no ʔan kwišliyək \xe 'I hit it in the middle' (with my fist or with a shot arrow). \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.694.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wišteleqšaši \ps v \ge hit tails together \de to hit tails together \mr [] \cf teleq \ce tail \xv 1. laʔkʰan ʔišištowš ʔiškom̓ sipaxàt, kʔuwé tsitaqʰməkəʔə̀ loʔisiwon ʔišišwišteleqʰšašì \xe 'when two whales fight , one can hear it from afar, the hitting of the tails.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg TJPH \rf 71.927.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx witay̓ \ps n \ge mulefat (plant species) \ge water wally \de mulefat (plant species); water wally \gn guatemote \dn guatemote \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (44 45). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.89.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx witut \ps v \ge bump into smth (with one’s shoulder) \de to bump into smth (with one’s shoulder) \ee Cannot be said of stubbing the toe. \cf aqutikuk \ce to stumble on; to stub one’s foot against \cf watiwiłpi \ce to bump one’s body against \xv 1. kwitut \xe 'I bump into something with my shoulder.' \xv 2. kaqutikuk sixəp \xe 'I stubbed my toe on a stone.' \xv 3. kwitut sipon̓ \xe 'I bumped into a board with my shoulder.' \xv 4. tswitutit \xe 'he bumped into me.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.123.4; 91.694.4-695.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx witšwitšʔeq \ps v \ge whittle \de to whittle \mr [<(wi- (ϡinstrϡ.striking) + tšʔeq (crack; split)).ϡredupϡ>] \cf tšʔeq \ce I. crack II. to crack; to split \cf witšʔeq \ce to split smth \xv 1. no ʔan hukwitšwitšʔeq sikʔuqstilow \xe 'I am going to whittle little shavings or kindlings to make fire with.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.695.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx witšʔeq \ps v \ge split smth \de to split smth \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce to crack; to split \cf witšwitšʔeq \ce to whittle \cf witšʔeqeš \ce accumulation of chips \xv 1. hukwitšʔeq \xe 'I am going to split his head with an ax.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.695.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx witšʔeqeš \ps n \ge accumulation of chips \ge chips, accumulation of \de accumulation of chips \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce I. crack II. to crack; to split \cf witšʔeq \ce to split smth \xv 1. lakanawa sʔəhə witšʔeqeš ʔan kušpen \xe 'only when the chips accumulate, do I brush them aside.' \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.696.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wiwaʔtə \cf wiwatə \ce anvil; chopping board \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wiwał \ps v \ge bore hole in \de to bore hole in \mr [] \cf wał \ce I. hole; piercing II. to have a hole; to be pierced \xv 1. tsʰwiwał sipon̓ \xe 'it bores holes in wood.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.696.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wiwatə \a wiwaʔtə \ps n \ge anvil \ge chopping board \de anvil; chopping board \mr [] \cf wiwiłpimu \ce anvil; place where things are pounded on \xv 1. hukiwex hesikʰinʔałhaputš huksunuwus hesiwiwatə \xe 'I am going to chop my meat on this chopping board.' \sd culture \sd tools \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.696.4-697.1; 94.374.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wiwex \rd wiwiwex \ps v \ge smash/crush with blows \ge crush/smash with blows \de to smash/crush with blows \mr [] \cf iwex \ce to pound up \xv 1. kwiwex \xe 'I crush it with blows.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.697.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wiwiłpi \ps v \ge nail to \ge affix to with blows \de to nail to; to affix to with blows \mr [] \sy wisuteqpey \cf wiwiłpimu \ce anvil; place where things are pounded on \xv 1. hukwiwiłpi hesipon̓ ʔiti sįʔįqip \xe 'I am going to nail this board to the door.' \xv 2. tsamwiwiłpi lokasantakulus \xe 'they nailed him on the cross.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.697.3-698.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wiwiłpimu \ps n \ge anvil \ge place where things are pounded on \de anvil; place where things are pounded on \gn yunque \dn yunque \mr [] \cf wiwatə \ce anvil; chopping board \cf wiwiłpi \ce to nail to; to affix to with blows \xv 1. kitata sinoqʔots lokawiwiłpimu \xe 'I pounded the iron on the place they always pound on.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.168.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wiwiwex \ps v \ge smash/crush with blows.REDUP \ge crush/smash with blows.REDUP \de to smash/crush with blows.REDUP \cf wiwex \ce to smash/crush with blows \sd reduplications \dt 21/Feb/2011 \lx wiwiyət \ps n \ge buck (male deer) \de buck (male deer) \cf manesał \ce doe (female deer) \cf metš \ce fawn (young deer) \cf sulupakʔa \ce deer (young and without branching horns) \cf wə \ce deer \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.697.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wixap \ps v \ge cross smth in an X \de to cross smth in an X \cf wixapəš \ce smth in an X shape; crossweaving \cf wixapš \ce to lie crosswise \xv 1. kʰwixap hesikʔəł \xe 'I cross my legs.' \xv 2. kwixap hesikʔəł \xe 'I cross my legs' (said of crossing anything). \xv 3. hukwixap hesikʔəł \xe 'I am going to cross my legs.' \xv 4. hukwixap hesiponpóʔon \xe 'I am going to cross these 2 sticks like an X.' \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH \rf 91.688.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wixapəš \ps n \ge smth in an X shape \ge crossweaving \de smth in an X shape; crossweaving \ee This word was understandable to Harrington’s consultant, but it was not a word the consultant knew. \mr [] \cf wixap \ce to cross smth in an X \xv 1. šuwaštitunaš ʔiwixapəš \xe 'cross-weaving of two strings.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.689.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wixapš \ps v \ge lie crosswise \de to lie crosswise \ee Note the stative use of this verb. \mr [] \cf wixap \ce to cross smth in an X \xv 1. kwixapš \xe 'I have my legs crossed' (cannot be said of having one's arms crossed). \xv 2. hukwixap hesikʔəł \xe 'I am going to cross my legs.' \xv 3. tšišwixapš \xe 'the two sticks are across each other like an X.' \xv 4. tswixapš \xe 'it is X-formed.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.689.1-690.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wiyam \ps v \ge sloped, be \de to be sloped \ee This verb merely indicates a slope and nothing about its steepness. \mr [] \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. tswiyam \xe 'it is sloped.' \xv 2. nełkaʔaʔan lokaswiyam ? \xe 'how is the slope?' \sd verbs \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.677.4 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx wiyolin \ps n \ge violin \de violin \mr [] \xv 1. tsʰiwon ʔiswiyolin \xe 'he is playing his violin.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.757.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wol- \cf wala- \ce quickly \sd variations \dt 27/Aug/2011 \lx woliwolitš \ps v \ge swing in the air \de to swing in the air \xv 1. kwoliwolitš \xe 'I swing the [laso in the air].' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 91.702.3-4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx woloqoyi \ps v \ge fall down \de to fall down \xv 1. kaqutikuk kikwoloqoyi kikušʔak lokoʔo \xe 'I stumbled and fell down (can refer to stumbling with legs only), and spilled the water.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 91.704.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wolowoyoʔo \ps v \ge ?southwest wind blowing, be the \de ?to be the southwest wind blowing \xv 1. šwolowoyoʔo \xe 'southwest wind.' \sd verbs \sd meteorology \sd elements \lg JPH \rf 79.29.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx wolowoy̓i \ps v \ge three o'clock PM, be \de to be three o’clock PM (?to be afternoon) \xv 1. kanawa sʰwolowoy̓o kisamkum šaʔałqapatš \xe 'when it was 3PM, birds came.' \xv 2. kanawa šiweleqʰš ʔi sʰwolowoy̓o \xe 'and it passed 3 o’clock.' \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg TJPH \rf Daughter51, 54 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx woloyi \ps v \ge fall over (as is said of a tree) \de to fall over (as is said of a tree) \mr [] \cf ʔoyi \ce to be to one side; to be twisted; to be crooked \cf suwoloyi \ce to topple smth; to fell \xv 1. tswoloyi \xe 'it fell over.' \xv 2. hukušʰo swoloyi \xe 'I let it fall.' \xv 3. ksuyasinowo heʔištum ʔan latšə ʔiswoloyi \xe 'I wanted to set this egg on end, but it keeps falling over.' \xv 4. mušitapi hemišup lakʔałsinowonwu, kikakušʰonwu, kisiwoloyi \xe 'they are not fixed in the earth, they are only standing, I let them go and they fall over.' \sd plants \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.322.1; 91.703.1-704.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wołtot \ps n \ge woodpecker species \de woodpecker species \ee Described as a red headed, dark bodied woodpecker. Likely refers to the acorn woodpecker ϞMelanerpes Ϟformicivorus. It is said that the Chumash learned which acorns were sweet by observing which acorns this woodpecker selected. \xv 1. lokawołtot ʔan tsʔapʰanus lokatšʰinšmenin \xe 'the woodpecker makes holes for putting in sweet acorns.' \xv 2. lokawołtotʰ ʔan sutapi lokaš(ʰ)inšmenin lokasʔapʰanus \xe 'the woodpecker puts the sweet-acorns in the holes' (sutapi should be sʰutapi). \xv 3. kanawa s[ʰ]utapi lokašʰinšmenin kisʰin ʔišʰunuwušaʔàš kisipà lokatšmenìn \xe 'when he puts the sweet-acorn in, he takes a thing that seems suitable to him and drives the acorn in.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.667.1-669.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx woni \ps n \ge bucket packbasket \ge packbasket, bucket \de bucket packbasket \cf helek \ce conical packbasket \cf woninitš \ce to have pack-basket on \sd basketry \lg JPH \rf 91.704.3-4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx woninitš \ps v \ge pack-basket on, have \ge have pack-basket on \de to have pack-basket on \mr [] \cf woni \ce bucket packbasket \xv 1. ʔałwoninitš \xe 'she has a basket on her back.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.705.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wonokš \cf wonoqš \ce to be banded; to have one stripe around the body \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wonono \ps n \ge owl species \de owl species \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI wonono ‘pygmy owl’ (Whistler 1980: 39) \ee Described as being 6 in (15.2 cm) long. The scientific name given, ϞOtus Ϟasio, currently refers to the eastern screech owl, which is not found in California. The scientific name ϞAsio Ϟotus refers to the long eared owl, but the Barbareño cognate refers to the ‘pygmy owl.’ \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.665.2-666.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wonoqš \rd wonwonoqš \a wonokš \va (wonokš) \ps v \ge banded, be \ge stripe, have one \de to be banded; to have one stripe around the body \ee Notice the alternation ͽk ~ ͽq at the end of this word. Harrington lists this word with a uvular stop. This cannot be used to describe striping as a skunk has. \mr [] \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \cf wonwonoqš \ce to be striped around the body \xv 1. tšwonokš \xe 'it has a ring around it' (like the ring of the corral snake). \xv 2. no ʔan kwonokš \xe 'I have a line painted around me.' \xv 3. tšamwonwonokš \xe 'they are striped.' \sd animals \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.705.3-706.2 \dt 27/Aug/2019 \lx wontot \ps n \sc Icterus bullockii \ge Bullock’s oriole \ge oriole, Bullock’s \de Bullock’s oriole \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI wontot ‘Bullock’s oriole’ (Whistler 1980: 39) \ee Described as a small yellow bird. \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.669.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wonwonokš \cf wonwonoqš \ce to be striped around the body \sd variations \dt 28/Jun/2018 \lx wonwonoqš \a wonwonokš \va (wonwonokš) \ps v \ge striped around the body, be \de to be striped around the body \ee Notice the alternation between ͽk ~ ͽq in the last part of this word. Harrington lists the uvular stop as the underlying form. \mr [] \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \cf wonoqš \ce to be banded; to have one stripe around the body \xv 1. tšwonwonoqš šaʔałtšošoy kasaʔamaliyu \xe 'it is striped black and yellow.' \xv 2. tšwonwonokš \xe 'it has lines' (said of a corral snake). \xv 3. tšamwonwonokš \xe 'they are all striped' (said of stripes like a corral snake has). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd animals \sd descriptions \sd colors \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.285.1; 91.705.2-706.2 \dt 30/Aug/2019 \lx wop \a wopʰ \a wopʰə \rd wopwoʔop \ps n \ge child \ge son \de son; child \ee This is appropriate for a mother or father to say of/to their son. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI wop ‘son,’ INZ wop ‘son,’ PUY wop 'son' (Whistler 1980: 39; Beeler & Klar 1977: 83; SYBCI 2007: 440; Harrington 1986: 3.6.22.1) \cf wopipi \ce young child; small child \cf wopo(waš) \ce paternal grandfather \xv 1. kʰwop \xe 'my son.' \xv 2. ʔašnəm ʔišaqša lokapwop ? \xe 'when did your son die?' \xv 3. kaʔiškom ʔišup ʔišaqša lokakwop \xe 'my son died two years ago.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 69.14, 951.1; 72.216.1; 91.706.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wopipi \ps n \ge young/small child \ge small/young child \de young child; small child \gn hijito \dn hijito \cf wop \ce son; child \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 69.384 \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx wopo(waš) \a wopowàš \a wopo \a wopoʔwaš \ps n \ge grandfather, paternal \ge paternal grandfather \de paternal grandfather \ee The use of wopo without the prefix ͽ-waš is documented as being a feature of Humaliwo dialect. \mr [] \cf popo(waš) \ce maternal grandfather \cf wop \ce son; child \xv 1. ki sitiyepùs loʔkašiwopowaš \xe 'they told their grandfather.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \sd dialects \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 88.298.1; Daughter100 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wopwoʔop \ph wɔpʰwɔˀɔp(ʰ) \ps n \ge son.REDUP \ge child.REDUP \de son.REDUP; child.REDUP \cf wop \ce son; child \sd reduplications \dt 28/Jun/2018 \lx woqo \hm 1 \ps n \ge solid asphaltum \ge asphaltum, solid \de solid asphaltum \ee This asphaltum was mined from various places in Chumash territory. See also Hudson & Blackburn (1987: 163 167). \cf malak \ce soft asphaltum \cf yop \ce asphaltum; asphaltum and resin mixture; tar \sd elements \sd tools \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 79.18.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx woqo \hm 2 \rd woqwoqo \ps v \ge drip (individual drops) \de to drip (individual drops) \ee This does not mean tar. \mr [] \cf suwoqo \ce to strain (food) \cf woqwoqo \ce to drip (in a stream) \xv 1. tswoqo \xe 'it is dripping only separate drops.' \sd nature \sd water \sd verbs \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.699.4-701.1; 94.72.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx woqš \rd woqwoʔoqš \ps n \ge backbone \ge spine \ge vertebrae \de backbone; spine; vertebrae \gn espinazo \dn espinazo \cf tšwokš \ce backbone (vertebra(e)) \cf woqšitš \ce to be vertebrate; to have vertebrae \xv 1. sikwoqš \xe 'my backbone.' \xv 2. hešikwoqš \xe 'my spinal column.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 91.701.2-3 \dt 05/Jul/2018 \lx woqšitš \ps v \ge vertebrate, be \ge have vertebrae \de to be vertebrate; to have vertebrae \mr [] \cf woqš \ce backbone; spine; vertebrae \xv 1. tšwoqšitš \xe 'it has a spine.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.701.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx woqwoʔoqš \ps n \ge backbone.REDUP \ge spine.REDUP \ge vertebrae.REDUP \de backbone.REDUP; spine.REDUP; vertebrae.REDUP \cf woqš \ce backbone; spine; vertebrae \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx woqwoqo \ps v \ge drip (in a stream) \de to drip (in a stream) \gn gotear \dn gotear \ee Reduplication of woqo. \mr [] \cf piłwut \ce to drip (through the atmosphere) \cf woqo2 \ce to drip (individual drops) \cf wutwututu \ce to stream down from \xv 1. tswoqwoqo \xe 'it is dripping' (as is said of a colander dripping). \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 91.702.1-2; 94.72.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx woš- \cf waš-2 \ce of traversing \sd variations \dt 28/Jun/2018 \lx wošʔotoyi \a wošotʔoyì \ps v \ge laid out, be \de to be laid out \mr [] \cf ʔoyi \ce to be to one side; to be twisted; to be crooked \cf otoyi \ce to lie down \xv 1. tšwošʔotoyi \xe 'it is laid out' (like pencil). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.707.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx wošnowo \ps v \ge ?traverse while rising up \de ?to traverse while rising up \ee Harrington notes that his consultant did not know tšwošnowo ‘steep slope.’ However, since the word is used in texts, perhaps the unknown (but proposed) translation is an indication as to the meaning of this word. \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. loʔkašwošnowo kasmotʔo \xe 'the side(s) traverse and rise up from' (from the keel of the tomoł) (said of the side of a tomoł rising up from the keel). \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.707.2; Tomol107 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wot \ps n \ge chief \de chief \xv 1. yontsʰe ʔan wot satikʔoy \xe 'Yontsʰe (Luis Francisco) was captain at Saticoy.' \xv 2. lokasihinwot lokaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'the captain of the village.' \xv 3. tsqisqisənwu ʔisʰinemetšeš lokawot \xe 'the captain is inspecting the soldiers.' \xv 4. lokasihinwot ʔan tsalumuwuswu lokasʰinku \xe 'the chief counseled the people.' \sd people \sd culture \lg TJPH; KO \rf 91.708.1-4, 709.3; Glutton3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx woteya \ps n \ge bottle \de bottle \mr [] \xv 1. masəx siwoteya sikalaqmił \xe 'I drank three bottlefuls.' \sd tools \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.709.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wotika \ps n \ge drugstore \de drugstore \mr [] \xv 1. knaʔał losiwotika \xe 'I went to the drugstore.' \sd borrowings \sd places \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.709.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wotołkʔoy \ps v \ge whirl horizontally \de to whirl horizontally \mr [] \cf axiwotołkʔoy \ce to dance around in a circle \cf axiwotołkʔoyəʔəš \ce rapid whirling dance \xv 1. tswotołkʔoy \xe 'he makes horizontal revolutions as when whirls around in a dance.' \xv 2. hukiwanaʔał ʔan hukwotołkʔoy \xe 'I am going to run around in a circle.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.70.3; 91.710.1-3; 94.375.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -wotoqloʔop- \ps vroot \ge position, be in (prone) \de be in (prone) position \cf aliwotoqloʔop \ce to lie face down \cf axiwotoqloʔop \ce to be face up \cf saliwotoqloʔop \ce to put face up (lying down) \cf suwotoqloʔop \ce to turn over \sd vroots \sd roots \sd locations \lg TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -wototo- \ps vroot \de -meaning uncertain- \cf ušwototo \ce to rummage through \cf ušwotototš \ce to rummage habitually (as is said of rodents) \sd vroots \sd roots \sd uncertain \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wotpoloʔlo \ph wɔtʰpɔlɔʔlɔ \ps n \ge March \de March; when the trees are in bud \ee This word only came to refer to March after Spanish and English influence. It refers to a span of time based on the event of trees budding. \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.40 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wotso \ps n \ge bird species \de bird species \ee Described as an ocean bird with a lead colored back and a white belly. This is translated as a ‘large shag species,’ but the translation of the term ‘shag’ is problematic. \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.672.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wow \se I \ps n \ge passive one \ge quiet one \de passive one; quiet one \xv 1. lokawow ʔan kitənəs wow \xe 'we call the quiet passive one quiet and passive.' \se II \ps v \ge passive, be \ge quiet, be \de to be passive; to be quiet \ee Often used to refer to a group of quiet and taciturn birds. \xv 1. no ʔan kʔałwow \xe 'I am quiet and passive.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 71.672.1-673.2; 91.711.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx woyo \cf nipołwoyo \ce to twist smth \cf połwoyo \ce to twist \cf połwoyotš \ce to be twisted \cf utipołwoyotš \ce to twist quickly; to give a quick twist \cf xełtelele \ce I. braid; plait II. to braid; to plait \se I \ps n \ge braid \de braid \xv 1. hesikwoyo \xe 'my braid.' \xv 2. pʰwoyo \xe 'your braid.' \xv 3. oxpotit hesikwoyo ! \xe 'let my braid out!' \xv 4. hukoxpot hesiwoyo \xe 'I am going to let loose my hair' (undo my hair braid). \se II \ps v \ge braid \de to braid \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałwoyo \pde to braid.NZ \xv 1. woyonit \xe 'braid my hair for me.' \xv 2. pʰwoyo \xe 'you braid.' \sd anatomy \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.55; 89.284.4; 91.698.4-699.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx woyutš \ps n \ge course-ground grain \de course-ground grain \sd food \sd plants \sd agriculture \lg JPH \rf 91.699.3 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx wrr \ps onom \ee Sound made by the burrowing owl. \xv 1. tsʔip, “wrr wrr” \xe 'it [the burrowing owl] says, “wrr wrr”.' \sd birds \sd language \sd onomatopoeia \lg JPH \rf 71.484.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -wu \rd -wuʔu \ps suf \ge 3NSG \de third person non-singular suffix \ee Glossed as 3NSG, and glossed as 3NSG.OBJ when used to mark arguments on a verb. \cf alaqwaywu \ce to fix smth; to adjust smth; to make ready \cf hewu \ce plural proximal demonstrative; these \cf kakiwu \ce those \cf kayunwaš \ce third person non-singular past tense pronoun; those which were \cf kaywu \ce third person non-singular pronoun; they; them \cf loʔwu \ce plural distal demonstrative; those \cf sutapinwunmu \ce corral \cf tšutiyəkwutš \ce insides of a woman \cf ušełxenwu \ce to vanquish \xv 1. lokapałpaliʔi kasinikʰətwunutš hesaʔawexa \xe 'the priests introduced bees here.' \xv 2. kikasiyikuswu lokaqunqunup kuhušiyaqškʔutwəš \xe 'and they give him to the children to play with.' \xv 3. kinelamitʔiʔiʔi ʔan kamusiʔił kamaʔamqisənwu \xe 'but after a short time none can be seen any more.' \xv 4. lamitʔi sikaqtustəłwu \xe 'I already came in sight of them a little.' \xv 5. kapšək hesitimew̓ šiqštopo \xe 'I stuff the rabbit with stinkbeetles.' \xv 6. kapšəkwu hesitimew̓ šiqštopo \xe 'I stuff the rabbits with stinkbeetles.' \xv 7. lokasihinwot ʔan tsalumuwuswu lokasʰinku \xe 'the chief counseled the people.' \xv 8. šiyitšemetšeš sipaxat, tsisuyaxsił heʔisqəp lokapaxat kilokapaxat ʔan tsʰuyawəpʰpiwu lokašteleq, ʔan tšišapiwelexš šiyuštowitš \xe 'the grampuses are enemies of whales, they bite the whale in the belly and the whale tries to hit them with his tail but they dodge, they are swift.' \xv 9. tsalikusaxpinwu loʔispupuʔu \xe 'he is lying with his forehead resting on his hands.' \xv 10. tsiyutałtəwuswu lokaʔaleman (Ϟor tsiwatʔałtəwuswu lokaʔaleman) \xe 'they are enemies of the Germans.' \xv 11. kaqutasəwuswu \xe 'I asked them.' \xv 12. no ʔan kaxsusus sixəp \xe 'I desire a stone.' \xv 13. no ʔan kaxsususwu sixəp \xe 'I desire two stones.' \xv 14. huknunaluʔus hesikʰkawayu lokaʔelelu, kuhusʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tskeseqenus heʔismaʔam ʔištoy̓ kinupan kasʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tšwišutapinwu siklawus lokasʔeqenmu \xe 'I am going to take my horse to the blacksmith, he is going to shoe him, he cuts away the part under the hoof and nails the shoe on.' \xv 15. neʔesiyaxikəhə́, hušišušełxénwu \xe 'the enemies are near and they (the men in ambush) are going to kill everyone of them to the last man.' \xv 16. tsisuwayopuswu lokapałpaliʔi neʔesisuyakitwo kuhusisinay ʔisilanlantšuʔu, kuhusisinayšaʔałhaputš kasikawayu \xe 'they begged permission from the priests that they wanted to leave and establish farms and have cattle and horses.' \xv 17. ksutapinwu \xe 'I stuck the chickens in the chickencoop.' \xv 18. hukiqipuswu \xe 'I am going to shut the door and shut them in.' \xv 19. huknəwuswuʔu \xe 'I am going to sing to them three plus.' \xv 20. tšiyušʔakpiwu lokaʔiʔałtap kamaxatʔaməš \xe 'they showered those who entered, threw seeds over them, they did thus.' \xv 21. kʔałxilikwu ʔipułhewu \xe 'I am herding sheep.' \xv 22. tšnuxoyoyonwu \xe 'he carries them 2+ while flying through the air' (as eagle might carry two chickens). \xv 23. ʔałxoyxoyoyo kisxiliqisənwu lokatšotšonəʔəš \xe 'it flies and sees the fish from aloft.' \xv 24. tsamʔəwənuswu ʔisixət lokaxuliyu \xe 'the Jews have their penises cut.' \sd suffixes \sd nsuffixes \sd vsuffixes \sd pronouns \sd number \lg TJPH; JPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx -wuʔu \a -wuʔù \ps suf \ge 3NSG.REDUP \de third person non-singular object suffix.REDUP \ee Glossed as 3NSG.REDUP. Glossed as 3NSG.OBJ.REDUP when used to mark arguments on verbs. \cf -wu \ce third person non-singular suffix \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -wuhu- \ps vroot \ge ?related to the mouth or teeth \ge ?mouth or teeth, related to the \ge ?teeth or mouth, related to the \de ?related to the mouth or teeth \cf aqmaxwuhu \ce to pull a string out of one's mouth between the teeth \cf maxwuhu \ce to pull out from between two pressing things \cf saqwuhu \ce to give a war cry by slapping hand repeatedly over the mouth \sd vroots \sd roots \sd body \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wuki \ps n \ge boat \de boat \mr [] \xv 1. lokawuki kalutiyək lokawot ʔan tsamwisumeleweʔe \xe 'they sent the boat that the captain was on down to the bottom with blows.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 91.517.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx wułpsuy \ps v \ge drizzle (like rain) \de to drizzle (like rain) \mr [] \ee The morphology for this word and wałpsuy is evidently the same, although the translations would seem to be different. \cf wałpsuy \ce to sprinkle with water from fingers \xv 1. tšwułpsuy \xe 'it is drizzling' (said of rain). \sd verbs \sd meteorology \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.711.4; 94.375.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wulu \ps n \ge donkey \de donkey \mr [] \xv 1. tsiwonwon siwulu \xe 'the donkey brays.' \sd animals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd mammals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.712.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wuluwuł \ps n \ge lobster \ge crawfish \de lobster; crawfish \gn langosta \dn langosta \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI wuluwul ‘lobster,’ INZ wuluwul ‘lobster; crayfish’ (Whistler 1980: 39; SYBCI 2007: 442) \sd animals \sd shellfish \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.37.3; 88.29 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx wutwututu \ps v \ge stream down from \de to stream down from \mr [] \cf piłwut \ce to drip (through the atmosphere) \cf woqwoqo \ce to drip (in a stream) \xv tswutwututu \xe 'the water is running down in a little stream' (from an unwrung wet towel, not drops). \sd verbs \sd water \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.712.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -wut(u)- \ps vroot \ge of water moving down \ge water moving down, of \de of water moving down \cf piliwutu \ce to fall in a stream \cf piłwut \ce to drip (through the atmosphere) \cf supiłwut \ce to make drip \cf wutwututu \ce to stream down from \sd vroots \sd roots \sd water \lg TJPH \dt 28/Jun/2018 \lx xaʔał \ps v \ge fall (to a location) \de to fall (to a location) \ee Harrington notes that this cannot be used with a second or first person subject. \cf suxaʔał \ce to throw outdoors \cf xałpi \ce to attack; to pounce \xv 1. ʔiti kasxaʔał \xe 'it fell here.' \sd vroots \sd roots \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH \dt 22/Sep/2018 \lx xaʔaš \ps v \ge echo \ge resound \de to echo; to resound \ee This verb cannot be used in the first person. \xv 1. tšixaʔaš losimaha \xe 'the canyon resounds/echos.' \xv 2. tšixaʔàš ʔitsoxwoʔò loʔkatolò \xe 'the bull roars, makes thunderous noise.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH \rf 92.662.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xaʔax \rd xaxaʔax \rd xaxxaʔax \rd xaʔaʔax \ps adj \ge big, be \ge fat, be \ge thick, be \ge large, be \de to be big; to be fat; to be large; to be thick \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI xaxʼ ‘big; great’ (Whistler 1980: 40) \cf ʔałxaʔax \ce fat one; large one \cf itsʔałxaʔax \ce thumb \cf suwaxaʔax \ce to sound deep (as when speaking or otherwise vocalizing) \cf suxaʔax \ce to enlarge \cf tanixaʔax \ce to be bigger than \cf ušxaxš \ce to scratch up \cf utixaʔax \ce to be so big \cf xaxəʔəš \ce bigness; fatness \xv 1. xaʔax \xe 'it is fat.' \xv 2. kxaʔax \xe 'I am fat' (similar in meaning to ͽno ͽʔan ͽkʔałxili). \xv 3. kʰxaxxaʔax \xe 'I am getting fat.' \xv 4. loʔišup sixaʔax \xe 'large mountain.' \xv 5. xaxaʔax sipʰpo \xe 'you have fat cheeks.' \xv 6. xaʔax ʔišušpayəš \xe 'it is a big whole.' \xv 7. xaʔax ʔišʰatʔap \xe 'it is a very big hut.' \xv 8. mineti ʔan xaʔax ʔisqəp \xe 'Mineti has a big belly.' \xv 9. tšiyušpay hemišup \xe 'they dig a hole in the ground.' \xv 10. lokasapiyi ʔan neʔesxaʔaʔax \xe 'the mountain fire is getting bigger.' \xv 11. loʔišup sixaʔax ʔan məʔə̀k \xe 'the mountains are very high.' \xv 12. tšquntiwelexšipi lokakʰxaʔax \xe 'I beat him in being fat.' \xv 13. lokaʔiʔałxaʔax ʔisiyəwyəwəʔəš \xe 'big-headed' (fish). \xv 14. xaxaʔax hešimiyaš (Ϟor xaʔax hešimiyaš) \xe 'this is a corse string.' \xv 15. xaʔaʔax lokatšotšonəʔəš \xe 'a tremendously big fish.' \xv 16. ʔan kakalaqtšum sukxaʔaʔax \xe 'I would like a big one' (a fish). \xv 17. xaʔax ʔišušuyepš šaʔałtšošoy kasitšinu \xe 'there is a great difference between a black person and a Chinese person.' \xv 18. lokayəw ʔan kaxaʔax ʔišišʰin lokaʔayuwhat \xe 'the large winnowing basket (ͽyəw) is bigger than the small winnowing basket (ͽʔayuwhat).' \xv 19. sinunašəš siyʔatʔap simuwu, tsaqniʔonyoko ʔan xaxaʔax, ʔan yəlaʔa heʔisamamə ʔan tšišošoy, kahe tsʔił ʔisisa \xe 'there is a sea animal which resembles a shark, it is big, all its body is black, and it has teeth.' \xv 20. hesikitsʔałxaʔax \xe 'my thumb.' \xv 21. hesipitsʔałxaʔax \xe 'thy thumb.' \xv 22. xaxaʔax ʔištəq \xe 'he has big eyes.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd shape \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.244.4; 90.421.1-422.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx xał- \cf qal- \ce by coming together \sd variations \dt 28/Jun/2018 \lx xalašat \a xalašátʰ \a xalašatʰ \ps n \ge xalašat \de Xalašat; presnt-day San Nicholas Island \sd places \lg TJPH \rf Daughter73 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xalatš \ps root \de -meaning uncertain- \cf yułtšxalatš \ce to have an abcess (on one's neck) \sd untranslated \sd roots \rf 3.89.66.2, 92.407.1 \dt 01/Oct/2019 \lx xałmasəx \ps v \ge carry three things bound together \de to carry three things bound together \mr [] \cf masəx \ce three \xv 1. kxałmasəx \xe 'I carry three (sticks) together in my hand.' \xv 2. kxałmasəx \xe 'I carry three, etc.' \sd numbers \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.88.1, 431.4-432.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xałməkəʔə \ps v \ge jump very far together \de to jump very far together \mr [] \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \cf məkəʔə \ce to go far away/out \xv 1. hukiyapałhay ʔapi ʔasku hałʔałxałməkəʔə \xe 'let’s see which of us 3+ can jump the furthest.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd directions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.13.4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx xałnunašpi \ps v \ge stare \de to stare \xv 1. tsxałnunašpi \xe 'he stares.' \xv 2. no ʔan kxałnunašpi sixʔanwa \xe 'I was staring at a woman.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.432.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx xałpi \ps v \ge attack \ge pounce \de to attack; to pounce \mr [] \cf xaʔał \ce to fall (to a location) \xv 1. munełknetus kʔuwe tsxałpiyit \xe 'I did not do anything to him but he attacked me.' \xv 2. lakʰan ʔisqisə lokayułʔuw ʔan tsxałpiʔi \xe 'when he sees what he is going to eat he gets or pounces on top of it.' \sd verbs \sd hunting \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.432.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xałtu \ps v \ge carry two things \de to carry two things \ee Harrington's speaker thought this could refer to carrying any way. \mr [] \xv 1. kxałtu \xe 'I carry two.' \sd numbers \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.433.1 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx xałtsiqʔom \ps v \ge double smth back on itself \de to double smth back on itself \mr [] \cf ʔałxałtsiqom \ce scorpion \cf ʔiqʔom \ce to be doubled up; to be folded \cf qʔom \ce to be doubled up \cf siqʔom \ce to fold so as to bend back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔoməš \ce smth bent back on itself \xv 1. hukxałtsiqʔom \xe 'I bend a thing back on itself and tie or wrap it together.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.432.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xałtsiqʔoməš \ps n \ge smth bent back on itself \de smth bent back on itself \ee Specifically this term refers to a type of hair style where the hair is double back on itself and then tied around at the base. \mr [] \cf ʔiqʔom \ce to be doubled up; to be folded \cf qʔom \ce to be doubled up \cf siqʔom \ce to fold so as to bend back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔom \ce to double smth back on itself \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.433.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx xałtštəpəq \ps v \ge tie up (said of a braid of hair or a molote) \de to tie up (said of a braid of hair or a molote) \mr [] \xv 1. kxałtštəpəq \xe 'I tied up the trunk' (of my braid or molote). \xn 'yo amarro el tronco' (de mi trenza ó de mi molote). \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.433.2; 93.68.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx xalu \ps n \ge can \de can \mr [] \xv 1. hukuniyew sixalu sixaʔax kihuksuwesmes sipon̓, kihusiałpali siqʔonon, kihusiyapiyam, husiyiwałtapi hesixalu \xe 'I hunt a big can and traverse a stick and the rats go across it and fall in.' \sd borrowings \sd tools \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 90.704.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xałwił \ps v \ge wrap a dead body \de to wrap a dead body \mr [] \ee Harrington notes that one can say this verb of wrapping nothing except a dead body. \cf xałwilaš \ce wrapped corpse \xv 1. hukxałwił heʔišaqšanutš \xe 'I am going to wrap up this dead body.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.343.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xałwilaš \ps n \ge wrapped corpse \ge corpse, wrapped \de wrapped corpse \mr [] \cf xałwił \ce to wrap a dead body \xv 1. xałwilaš \xe 'a wrapped corpse.' \xv 2. neʔexałwilaš \xe 'a corpse already wrapped up.' \sd body \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.434.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xanaxan \rd xanxanaxaʔan \ps n \ge jaw, lower \ge chin \ge mandible \de lower jaw; chin; mandible \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI xanaxan̓ ‘jaw; chin; lower part of face,’ INZ xanaxan̓ ‘lower jaw; jaw’ (Whistler 1980: 40; SYBCI 2007: 534) \cf mitsqanaqan̓ \ce Mitsqanaqan̓; present-day Ventura \xv 1. sikxanaxan \xe 'my lower jaw.' \xv 2. tštayapaha lokasxanaxan \xe 'his lower jaw is stiff' (okay for lockjaw). \xv 3. tsʔił ʔisʔaqsik, kaquntuk hesikxanaxan \xe 'it has its chinstrap, I tie it under my chin' (said of headdress). \xv 4. lokaməy ʔan katanuʔułyi heʔisxanaxan (Ϟor heʔišnuxš) ʔišišʰin lokaʔalaxəwəł, kaypi kištaxtaxšətš heʔisxanaxan \xe 'the wolf has a bigger snout than the coyote, and therefore his jaw is stronger.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.19; 90.435.1-435.3; 94.67.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xanxanaxaʔan \ps n \ge jaw, lower.REDUP \ge chin.REDUP \ge mandible.REDUP \de lower jaw.REDUP; chin.REDUP; mandible.REDUP \cf xanaxan \ce lower jaw; chin; mandible \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xap \ps n \ge cattail \de cattail \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (219 220, 250). \sd plants \sd food \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.55.3 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx xapšəx \sc Salvia apiana \ps n \ge white sage \ge sage, white \de white sage \gn salvia major \gn salvia real \dn salvia major; salvia real \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI xapšɨx ‘white sage’, INZ xapšɨk ‘white sage’ (Timbrook 2007: 184-186; SYBCI 2007: 445) \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (184 186). \sd plants \sd food \lg JPH \rf 88.57 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xasxas \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI sxasxas ‘southeast’ (Whistler 1980: 40) \se I \ps n \ge (north)east \de (north)east \ee Harrington notes that [they] call it in Spanish 'eswín.' It burns and kills the beans. \se II \ps v \ge (north)east wind blow, have a \de to have a (north)east wind blow \xv 1. tsxasxas \xe 'the east wind is blowing.' \sd meteorology \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.440.1-3 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx xatʔapəti \ps v \ge go up quickly \de to go up quickly \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \xv 1. kxatʔapəti \xe 'I went up quickly' (as quick as I could). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.441.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xatʔaqsik \ps v \ge close by tying together \de to close by tying together \mr [] \cf aqsik \ce to apprehend; to tie; to imprison \xv 1. tswewek hesikʰkamisa ʔan hukxatʔaqsik kəwə musʔił kʔawuxa \xe 'my shirt is torn and I am going to tie the hole together with string for I have no needle.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.441.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xaw \sc Salix lasiolepis \ps n \ge willow \ge Arroyo willow \de Arroyo willow \et ɕ \ec Compare CRZ qaw ‘willow’ (Beeler & Klar 1977: 131) \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (182-183). \sd plants \sd nature \sd trees \lg TJPH \rf WeirA3 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx xawawaʔa \rd xawxawawaʔa \ps v \ge lean, be \de to be lean \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałxawawaʔa \pde to be lean.NZ \xv 1. ʔałxawawaʔa \xe 'a lean person.' \xv 2. kʰxawxawawàʔa \xe 'I am very lean.' \xv 3. neekxawawàʔa \xe 'I am already very lean.' \xv 4. neʔesxawawaʔa kahe tšquntšutuqš \xe 'she was already thin and wrinkled.' \xv 5. pakeʔet sikʰkawayu ʔan tsxawawaʔa, muštaxtaxšətš kʔuwe numis sukʔalał \xe 'one of my horses is lean, he does not have strength, but as usual I am going to plow.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.244.1-245.2; 90.441.-442.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx xawon \ps n \ge soap \de soap \mr [] \xv 1. tšmomonəš lokaxawon \xe 'it is a whole cake of soap.' \xv 2. pakeʔet sixawon \xe 'one cake of soap.' \xv 3. pakeʔet ʔisaxipʰuyutš sixawon \xe 'a little worn piece of soap.' \xv 4. kałwašəʔəʔətš losixawon \xe 'it (white clay) is better (for head washing) than soap.' \xv 5. kaliyuqtiyəʔəʔəw lokasewu, kilokaʔałhaputš musiyuqtiyew, husiyeqweł sixawon husisunuwus \xe 'they needed the lard but did not miss the meat much, they made soap of the lard.' \sd household \sd common \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.317.2; 90.442.4-443.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xawxawawaʔa \ps v \ge lean, be.REDUP \de to be lean.REDUP \cf xawawaʔa \ce to be lean \sd reduplications \dt 20/Sep/2011 \lx xaxaʔax \ps v \ge big, be.REDUP \ge large, be.REDUP \ge thick, be.REDUP \ge fat, be.REDUP \de to be big.REDUP; to be fat.REDUP; to be large.REDUP; to be thick.REDUP \cf xaʔax \ce to be big; to be fat; to be large; to be thick \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xaxəʔəš \ps n \ge bigness \ge fatness \de bigness; fatness \mr [] \cf xaʔax \ce to be big; to be fat; to be large; to be thick \xv 1. kašnehet lokawaka ʔišxaxəʔəš \xe 'it was as big as a cow.' \xv 2. ʔišxaxəʔəš \xe 'its bigness or fatness.' \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.439.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xaya \ps n \ge bedstead \ge cover \ge frame \de cover; bedstead; frame \cf xayanəš \ce bed; bedstead \xv 1. tsqułtapus hekakxaya \xe 'he put in my bed.' \xv 2. tsaqwaʔay hekakxaya \xe 'it hits my bedstead.' \sd nouns \sd household \sd furniture \lg JPH \rf 90.428.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xayanəš \rd xayxayanəʔəš \ps n \ge bed \ge bedstead \de bed; bedstead \mr [] \cf xaya \ce cover; bedstead; frame \xv 1. tšʰušošoy sixayanəš \xe 'he made the bed black.' \xv 2. pqisə lokaxayanəš ʔan laxula wašətš \xe 'you take a look at the bed and it appears clean.' \xv 3. kisukitwo lokaxayanəš kisutapi sitsʔohoy ʔikwatrù \xe 'we took out the bed and put it in another room.' \xv 4. no ʔan musiyʔuwit hałtštep, payikʔula ʔəhə hałtštep lokaxayanəš ʔan musiyʔuwit \xe 'fleas don’t bite me, no matter how fleay the bed is they don’t bite me.' \sd household \sd furniture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.429.2-431.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xayxayanəʔəš \ps n \ge bed.REDUP \ge bedstead.REDUP \de bed.REDUP; bedstead.REDUP \cf xayanəš \ce bed; bedstead \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -xeʔe- \a -xe- \va (-xe-) \ps vroot \ge movement through \de movement through \cf apixe \ce to be burnt out \cf meqxeʔe \ce to become untied by slipping out \cf qiliwešxeʔe \ce to look over into \cf sapixe \ce to burn smth down \cf šiqiłwešxeʔe \ce to peep through; to look through \cf šutiwešxeʔe \ce to draw out (information); to ascertain \cf wešxeʔe \ce to pass clear through \sd vroots \sd roots \sd motion \sd path \sd motion \lg TJPH \dt 28/Jun/2018 \lx xelex \a xelèx \a xeléx \ph ˈxɛlɛx \ps n \ge falcon species \de falcon species \ee One consultant informed Harrington that this was never used by the Ventureño Chumash speakers. \xv 1. kaʔxelèx syət \xe 'falcon came.' \xv 2. tsqisəxelex masəx tskənəʔət \xe '[Coyote] saw that falcon gave three turns [above Coyote].' \xv 3. kin xelèx kaseqwèł, mupalitkáx \xe 'but Falcon caused it, do not lose \xv 4. kikashukitwo qowotš ʔi ʔikuyaš xelex kašikšìt \xe 'and he took out the roasted salmon, the falcon gave it to me.' \sd animals \sd birds \lg TJPH \rf 71.675.1-676.1, 678.1-679.2; Travels12 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xełmes \ps v \ge jump or spring across \de to jump or spring across \mr [] \sy piłmes \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. hukxełmes \xe ' I am going to jump or spring across a chasm.' \xv 2. kmes \xe 'I walk or ride across.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.443.4-444.1; 91.64.1 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx xełtelele \mr [] \ee This does not seem to refer to a French braid. \cf woyo \ce I. braid II. to braid \se I \ps n \ge braid; plait \ge plait; braid \de braid; plait \gn trenza \dn trenza \xv 1. hesikxełtelele \xe 'my braid.' \se II \ps v \ge braid; plait \ge plait; braid \de to braid; to plait \gn trenzar \dn trenzar \xv 1. xełtelelenit \xe 'fix my braid.' \sd body \sd anatomy \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.444.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xenen \rd xenxeneʔen \ps n \ge shoulder blade \de shoulder blade \gn paleta \dn paleta \cf xenenpi \ce to put one's shoulder blades against \xv 1. sikxenen \xe 'my shoulder blade.' \xv 2. kuštəł ʔišxenenwaš ʔiwaka \xe 'I found an old shoulder blade of a cow.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 90.444.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xenenpi \ps v \ge put one's shoulder blades against \de to put one's shoulder blades against \mr [] \cf xenen \ce shoulder blade \xv 1. hukxenenpi sipon̓ \xe 'I put my shoulder blades against' (a board). \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.445.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xeni \ps vroot \de -meaning uncertain- \ee Harrington identifies this as a root. \cf watixeni \ce to end \sd untranslated \sd roots \sd vroots \rf 90.445.2 \dt 24/Sep/2019 \lx xenti \ps v \ge naked, be \ge gentile, be \ge heathen, be \de to be naked; to be gentile; to be heathen \mr [] \cf xentil \ce gentile; smn not baptized \xv 1. xenti \xe '[he is] heathen.' \xv 2. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tsxenti \xe 'this man is naked.' \xv 3. tsxenti, musʔił tsʔaxwi \xe 's/he is gentile,' ; 's/he has no clothes,' ; 's/he is naked.' \xv 4. ʔəqəy ʔi xenti (Ϟor ʔəxəy ʔi xenti) \xe 'wild quail.' \xv 5. nastə̀ə sxenti, munaskepwaš \xe 'she is still gentile' (has not yet been baptized). \xv 6. lokanaštəʔəʔə kqunup ʔan neʔemusʔił hałxenti neʔeyəlaʔa šukšukepeʔeš \xe 'when I was a child there were already no more gentiles, all were baptized.' \xv 7. neʔešiyušʰowunwaš lokašiyʔapʰanəšmuʔu yəlaʔa hesikuhkuʔu kineʔemusʔił hałku hešaʔapʔapʰanəšmuʔu \xe 'they had left their villages, there were no people.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.445.3-447.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx xentil \ps n \ge gentile \ge smn not baptized \de gentile; smn not baptized \mr [] \cf xenti \ce to be naked; to be gentile; to be heathen \xv 1. lokanaštəʔəʔə kqunup ʔan neʔemusʔił hałxenti, neʔeyəlaʔa šukšukepeʔeš \xe 'when I was a child there were already no more gentiles, all were baptized.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd people \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.133.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xenxeneʔen \ps n \ge shoulder blade.REDUP \de shoulder blade.REDUP \cf xenen \ce shoulder blade \sd reduplications \dt 20/Sep/2011 \lx xepey̓ \cf xʔepey̓ \ce algae \sd variations \dt 19/May/2013 \lx xewes \ps n \ge stingray \ge ?flatfish species \de stingray; ?flatfish species \gn semimantaraya \dn semimantaraya \ee May have also referred to a flat fish species (sole, halibut, and or flounder). \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg FL; JPH \rf 71.126.1; 81.168.3 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx xexew \ps v \ge hoarse, be \de to be hoarse \cf suwaxexew̓ \ce to be somewhat hoarse \xv 1. kxexew \xe 'I am hoarse.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \sd language \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 90.447.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx xəʔəł \sc Opuntia spp. \ps n \ge prickly pear (fruit) \de prickly pear (fruit) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI xɨxɨ ‘prickly pear,’ INZ xɨʼ ‘prickly pear,’ OBI t-qɨʼɨ ‘prickly pear,’ PUY xəʼə̥ (Whistler 1980: 41; SYBCI 2007: 449; Timbrook 2007: 133: Harrington 1986: 3.6.28.2) \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (133 135). A consultant noted that this word referred to the fruit of the prickly pear plant. \cf tsyepu \ce prickly pear \sd plants \sd nature \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.69.2; 88.57, 93.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx xəʔəp \cf xəp \ce stone \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xələxəł \ps n \ge rattle \de rattle \gn cascabel \dn cascabel \cf tsxələxəł \ce rattlesnake rattle \xv 1. tsxələxəł \xe 'its rattle.' \xv 2. sikxələxəł \xe 'my rattle.' \sd anatomy \sd animals \sd reptiles \lg JPH \rf 90.447.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx xəp \rd xəʔəp \rd xəpxəʔəp \ps n \ge stone \de stone \gn piedra \dn piedra \et *qVpV \ec Compare BOI xɨp ‘stone,’ INZ xɨp ‘stone,’ OBI (t)qɨpɨ ‘stone’ (Klar 1977: 111) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv qəp \pde stone.DIM \cf aktisuxəpʰə \ce to come to pave \cf aqnixəp \ce to resemble stone \cf mixəp \ce gizzard \cf suxəpʰə \ce to pave \cf xəpʰə \ce to be rocky; to be stoney \xv 1. pakeʔet ʔixəp (Ϟor pakeʔet sixəp) \xe 'one stone.' \xv 2. ʔiškom ʔixəp \xe 'two stones.' \xv 3. ʔəhə sixəp \xe 'many stones.' \xv 4. nikətit losixəp ! \xe 'bring me that stone!' \xv 5. xəp ʔi ʔałʔespet \xe 'broad rock/slab of rock.' \xv 6. musʔił mitʔi łxəp \xe 'there is no small stone.' \xv 7. papeł ʔisiwałqlayəʔəš \xe 'sandpaper.' \xv 8. hukʰnikətił sixəpxəʔəp \xe 'I am going to bring you stones.' \xv 9. tsiyapətpəti hesixəpxəʔəp \xe 'the people are climbing in the rocks.' \xv 10. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tseqwełšəši sixəp \xe 'the man turned into stone.' \xv 11. xəp ʔisiwałqlayəʔəš \xe 'a stone used to smooth out.' \xv 12. hukuniyəʔəw sixəp saʔałwał \xe 'I am going to hunt for a stone that has a hole in it.' \xv 13. xəp he (Ϟor he ʔan xəp) \xe 'this is stone.' \xv 14. xəp ʔišukyaʔaš \xe 'soapstone.' \xv 15. ʔalapitsʔə ʔixəp \xe 'hot stone.' \se II \ps v \ge turn into stone \ge stone, be \de to turn into stone; to be stone \xv 1. ʔatʔaxatš ʔan tsxəp \xe 'the man turned into stone.' \xv 2. kʰqisə nee sxəp \xe 'I saw he is already made into stone.' \xv 3. tsaqnixəp kʔuwe muxəp \xe 'it resembles stone but is not stone.' \sd elements \sd geology \lg JPH \rf 90.448.2-452.1; 94.66.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xəpxəʔəp \cf xəp \ce stone \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xəpʰə \ps v \ge rocky, be \ge stoney, be \de to be rocky; to be stoney \mr [] \cf aktisuxəpʰə \ce to come to pave \cf suxəpʰə \ce to pave \cf xəp \ce stone \xv 1. lokawalapmu ʔan tsxəpʰə \xe 'the landing place is rocky.' \sd descriptions \sd nature \sd stative \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.452.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx xəš \ps n \ge sister-in-law \de sister-in-law \cf axəš \ce sister-in-law (wife’s sister after one’s wife dies) \cf ištanim̓u \ce sister-in-law (nine days of mourning after death of one’s wife) \cf to \ce brother-in-law \lg JPH; Fernando Librado \sd kinship \sd affinal \rf 72.210.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xət \rd xətxəʔət \ps n \ge penis \de penis \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv qət \pde penis.DIM \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI xɨt ‘penis,’ INZ xɨt ‘penis,’ PUY xət ‘penis’ (Whistler 1980: 73; SYBCI 2007: 557; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1 \xv 1. hesikxət \xe 'my penis.' \xv 2. heʔišyəwəš ʔisxət \xe 'the head of the penis.' \xv 3. ʔułyi ʔisxət \xe 'he has a very long penis.' \xv 4. ksukitwo loʔisxət \xe 'I leave his penis exposed' (said of a baby in cradle). \xv 5. tsamsukitwonus heʔisxət kuhušoxšot \xe 'they have his penis sticking out so that he can urinate.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.453.1-454.1, 601.1, 602.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xətxəʔət \ph xǝtˈxǝˀǝt \ps n \ge penis.REDUP \de penis.REDUP \cf xət \ce penis \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xil- \hm 1 \ps vpre \de by water \mr [] \cf qil-1 \ce by water \cf suxilapət \ce to make smn look up; to tilt smn’s head up \cf xilapət \ce to look up; to tilt one’s head up \cf xiłkutʔuy \ce to sink (into water) \cf xiłkutʔuy \ce to sink (into water) \lg TJPH \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xil- \hm 2 \cf qili- \ce of looking \sd variations \dt 05/Jan/2011 \lx xilałtə \a xilałtəl \va (xilałtəl-) \ps v \ge predict \ge see at a distance (as smth approaches one) \de to predict; to see at a distance (as smth approaches one) \ee Notice the two distinct meanings of this verb. In reference to seeing someone at a distance, this verb can only be used with animate objects that are moving toward the speaker. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałxilałtə \pde to predict.NZ; to see at a distance (as smth approaches one).NZ \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \cf siqiłtitap \ce to watch leave \cf xilałtəmu \ce where/what is expected \xv 1. kʰxilałtə situhui \xe 'I predict rain.' \xv 2. kxilałtə \xe 'I see something at some distance.' \xv 3. kxilałtəlił \xe 'I saw you coming.' \sd religion \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.515.1; 89.57.1; 90.454.3-455.1 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx xilałtəmu \a xiłʔałtəmu \va (xiłʔałtəmu) \ps n \ge where/what is expected \de where/what is expected \mr [] \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \cf xilałtə \ce to predict; to see at a distance (as smth approaches one) \xv 1. muskumli lokasxilałtəmu \xe 'he did not arrive where he was expected.' \xv 2. kipsukumli loʔkapxilałtəmu ! \xe 'fulfill your duty!' \xv 3. hukiyaqša kakiyʔaleqe kəwə kakixilałtəmu, kaypi kikiyalitkəš sukiyaqša \xe 'we are going and for this we are in the world to die, for that is what we expect, for this we expect always death.' \xv 4. kxilałtəlił \xe 'I saw you coming.' \xv 5. kakilałtəmu \xe 'what we see/await.' \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.455.2-3; Daughter130 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xilapət \ps v \ge look up \ge tilt one's head up \de to look up; to tilt one’s head up \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf suxilapət \ce to make smn look up; to tilt smn’s head up \xv 1. tsxilapət \xe 'he looks into the sky.' \xv 2. tsxilapət ʔišnuxš \xe 'the end of his nose turns up' (old idiom). \xv 3. tsxilapət kikasaqləwwunwu \xe 'he tips his head back and swallows them.' \xv 4. tsxilapət kimuhuštapi soʔo heʔisʔək \xe 'he bends his head back so that the water will not enter his mouth.' \sd idioms \sd senses \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.455.4-456.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xilełyep \ps v \ge track (with one's eyes) \ge watch smn go \de to track (with one’s eyes); to watch smn go \mr [qili- (ϡinstrϡ.looking) + elyep (move along)>] \cf ełyepli \ce to go straight along \xv 1. kxilełyepił \xe 'I am sitting here staring at you while you are walking.' \xv 2. no ʔan kxilełyepus \xe (I go out of my house) 'and [I] stand watching him going away from me.' \xv 3. hukxilełyepus \xe 'I am going to stand and watch him walk away.' \xv 4. ʔixilełyepuw̓ ͼ[sic.] \xe 'look ye at that fellow who is walking.' \xv 5. kxilełyepił \xe 'I am sitting here staring at you while you are walking.' \xv 6. ʰxilełyepus \xe 'I stand in front of my house and stare at a man who is walking along.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.457.1-3 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx xili- \va (xil-) \ps vpre \de of looking \ee Glossed as INSTR.looking. \mr [] \cf ʔałxiliknaš \ce caretaker; police \cf qili- \ce of looking \cf suxilapət \ce to make smn look up; to tilt smn’s head up \cf suyaxiliwasə \ce to want to look intently at \cf xilapət \ce to look up; to tilt one’s head up \cf xilełyep \ce to track (with one’s eyes); to watch smn go \cf xiliʔik \ce to take care of; to watch over \cf xilinowo \ce to be a loafer \cf xiliqisə \ce to spy smth (?from far away) \cf xiliwasə \ce to recognize; to distinguish; to observe \cf xiliwaya \ce to look through \cf xiliwił \ce to see where smth is at \cf xiliyamšəši \ce to look at oneself \cf xiłkmen \ce eyelid \lg TJPH \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xiliʔik \rd xiłxiliʔik \a xilik \va (xilik-) \ps v \ge take care of \ge watch over \de to take care of; to watch over \mr [] \cf ʔałxiliknaš \ce caretaker; police \xv 1. kxilikwu \xe 'I am taking care' (of cattle). \xv 2. kikasxiłxiliʔik \xe 'he takes good care of him.' \xv 3. xilikšaši \xe 'take care of yourself.' \xv 4. kʔałxilikwu ʔipułhewu \xe 'I am herding sheep.' \xv 5. xilikšaši ʔapatskaw ! \xe 'take care of yourself that you do not meet with an accident!' \xv 6. husxilikuswu lokaštałtałhəʔəw \xe 'he is going to go look after those guys.' \xv 7. lokapakəwaš ʔan tšxilikšaši \xe 'the old man looks out for himself well.' \xv 8. pxiłxiliʔik ʔitimaʔam (hesaʔap) \xe 'take care of things here (at the house).' \xv 9. hukxiliʔik šaʔałtšuyaqša \xe 'I am going to take care of the infirm.' \xv 10. xilikšaši kimuhušampošʰotš hesikukuʔu lokakšałnetnetpi \xe 'take care that these people here do not find out about our predicament.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd lifecycle \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.458.1-459.1, 459.3-460.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xilinowo \ps v \ge loafer, be a \de to be a loafer \mr [] \cf kʔilinowo \ce to stand quickly; to get up quickly from a sitting or lying position \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. kxilinowo \xe 'I am a loafer.' \xv 2. kʰkʔilinowo \xe 'I get up in a hurry from where I am sitting or lying.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.65.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xiliqisə \a xiliqisən \va (xiliqisən-) \ps v \ge spy smth (?from far away) \de to spy smth (?from far away) \mr [] \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \xv 1. ʔałxoyxoyoyo kisxiliqisənwu lokaštšotšonəʔəš \xe 'it flies and sees the fish from aloft.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.460.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xilisisi \a xilisisin \va (xilisisin-) \ps v \ge unafraid, be \ge fearless, be \de to be unafraid; to be fearless \mr [] \xv 1. tsxilisisinit \xe 'he is not afraid of me.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.461.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xilitš \ps v \ge greasy, be \de to be greasy \et *qilhi \ec Compare BOI –xil ‘fat,’ INZ s-xil ‘fat,’ OBI k/qiłhi (Klar 1977: 84) \xv 1. tšʔałxilitš hesikpu \xe 'my hand is greasy.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd food \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.457.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx xiliwasə \a xiliʔwasə̀ \a xiliʔwasə \a xiliwasə̀ \va (xiliʔwasə̀, xiliwasən-, xiliwašə) \ps v \ge recognize \ge distinguish \ge observe \de to recognize; to distinguish; to observe \mr [] \cf suyaxiliwasə \ce to want to look intently at \xv 1. mukxiliwasə \xe 'I have slightly poor eyesight' ; 'I did not recognize it well.' \xv 2. kušiʔik hesiktəq kaypi kimukxiliwasə \xe 'my eyes are aching and therefore I do not distinguish.' \xv 3. tsxiliwasə nełtsalinehet \xe 'I look well to see how something comes to me.' \xv 4. kasqitəwətsus kinupan tsxiliwasə \xe 'and he was watching carefully, and he soon recognized [her].' \xv 5. mukxiliwasənwu lokalaxəwəł kasiməy kinawa kʰqisənwu loʔišupšup \xe 'I could not distinguish coyotes from wolves when I saw them in the hills.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \sd body \sd cognition \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.461.3-462.3; Daughter8 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx xiliwaya \ps v \ge look through \de to look through \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. kxiliwaya lokamentana kikakʰqisə ʔan náštə́ʔə́tswè \xe 'I looked through the window and saw that he was still sleeping.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.461.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx xiliwił \ps v \ge see where smth is at \de to see where smth is at \mr [] \cf ʔił \ce to exist \xv 1. nełpxiliwił ? \xe 'where did you see it?' \xv 2. kʰqisə ʔisxomoho lokakʰxiliwił \xe 'I see a hollow there in the ground.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.462.4-463.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xiliyamšəši \ps v \ge look at oneself \de to look at oneself \mr [] \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. no ʔan hukxiliyamšəši \xe 'I am going to look at myself.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.459.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xiłkmen \ps n \ge eyelid \de eyelid \gn parpadeár \dn parpadeár \mr [] \cf siqiłkmen \ce to blink; to wink \cf ?xmen \ce to fall apart; to fall over \xv 1. musʔił tsixiłkʰmèn kaypiki musalaqʰwaʔày hałsixiłkmen \xe 'he has no eyelids, and for this [reason] he cannot blink.' \sd anatomy \lg TJPH \rf 70.267.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xiłkutʔuy \ps v \ge sink (into water) \de to sink (into water) \mr [] \cf kutʔuy \ce to be in a pile \xv 1. tsxiłkutʔuy \xe 'it went to the bottom' of the ocean/river/sea. \sd verbs \sd water \sd path \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.463.3-464.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xiłwaya \a xiłwayan \rd xiłxiłwaya \va (xiłwayan-) \ps v \ge float \de to float \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv xiłwayantiʔiy \pde to float.CIS \cf aputixiłwaya \ce to float with the current \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. kʰxiłwaya \xe 'I float.' \xv 2. tsxiłxiłwaya \xe 'it goes slowly.' \xv 3. tsxiłwayantiʔiy \xe 'it comes floating towards where I am floating with the current.' \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.343.4; 90.464.3-465.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xiłwuʔu \a xiłwuʔù \ps v \ge look down (at one's feet) \de to look down (at one's feet) \mr [] \xv 1. tsxiłwuʔu \xe 'he is looking down at his feet.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.465.3-4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx xiłxiliʔik \ps v \ge take care of.REDUP \ge watch over.REDUP \de to take care of.REDUP; to watch over.REDUP \cf xiliʔik \ce to take care of; to watch over \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xiłxiłwaya \ps v \ge float.REDUP \de float.REDUP \cf xiłwaya \ce to float \sd reduplications \dt 20/Sep/2011 \lx xitʔ- \cf kʔił- \ce little in amount or intensity \sd variations \dt 30/Sep/2011 \lx xitʔuqštahay \ps v \ge reddish, be \de to be reddish \ee Harrington notes that this word means the same as ͽkʔituqštahay. Some people used one and some the other. \mr [] \sy kʔituqštahay \cf uqštahay \ce to be red \xv 1. tsxitʔuqštahay \xe 'it is reddish.' \lg JPH; TJPH \sd verbs \sd stative \sd colors \sd descriptions \rf 90.68.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx xmatata \ps v \ge measles, have \ge rash, have a \de to have measles; to have a rash \gn enronchado, estar \dn estar enronchado \ee This seems to refer to the rash resulting from measles as well as rashes resulting from insect bites. \xv 1. tsxmatata hesikʔamamə \xe 'I had measles (or something like that) on my whole body.' \xv 2. tsxmatata lokašaqšilutš \xe 'there is a rash where it bit.' \xv 3. hesikni ʔan tsxmatata (Ϟor tsxmatata hesikni) \xe 'my neck has a rash.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.467.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xmen \rd xmenxmen \ps v \ge fall apart \ge fall over \de to fall apart; to fall over \cf ?siqiłkmen \ce to blink; to wink \cf suxmen \ce to break (said of waves) \cf šełkmen \ce to fall in a bunch \cf welexmen \ce to fall over \cf ?xiłkmen \ce eyelid \xv 1. tsxmen \xe 'it falls' (said of a bank of a river that falls of its own accord). \xv 2. ʔalasʔił hałʔapʔapwaʔaš ʔan neʔesixmenxmen lokašiyilikʔenutškakuhkuʔu \xe 'there were some old houses fallen down where the people had lived.' \xv 3. hesitolu ʔan tsʔił tšaʔxliyaš ʔan tsxmen lokašə kika musiyam kəwə tšʰəhətš, tsʔił sikuw̓, ʔan tsiyołkʔoli kika siyuliʔiš lokaʔaliyaš \xe 'at El Toro was a road and the bank and they did not go down that place for it was steep. there was liveoak, and they turned out around it and got the road again.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.467.3-468.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xmenxmen \ps v \ge fall apart.REDUP \ge fall over.REDUP \de to fall apart.REDUP; to fall over.REDUP \cf xmen \ce to fall apart; to fall over \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xminimolitš \ps n \ge great-great-grandson \de great-great-grandson \lg JPH, KO \rf 72.213.3 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx xolow \ps v \ge make xolowəš \de to make ͽxolowəš \cf xolowəš \ce food (native type) \xv 1. no ʔan hukxolow \xe 'I am going to make ͽxolowəš.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 90.474.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xolowəš \ps n \ge food (native type) \de food (native type) \ee Harrington describes this food as follows: “a food almost exactly like Italian polenta. Indians made it thick – used wheat or corn flour (not finely ground), stirred in slowly. Also add lard. Put water on to heat and when hot add some lard and when melted they sprinkle in dry meal little by little, stirring so it will not by lumpy." \mr [] \cf xolow \ce to make ͽxolowəš \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.474.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xolox \rd xołxoloʔox \ps n \ge rib \de rib \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI xolox ‘rib,’ CRZ loq ‘rib,’ INZ xolox ‘rib; verticals of house frame, stud in modern construction,’ PUY x̂olox̂ ‘rib’ (Whistler 1980: 77; SYBCI 2007: 450; Henry ms.) \xv 1. hesikxolox \xe 'my rib.' \xv 2. lokaxolox sipaxat \xe 'the rib of a whale.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 90.473.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xołxołnowo \ps v \ge move with jumps \de to move with jumps \ee No non reduplicated form given. \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. tsixołxołnowo (Ϟor tsipiłpiłnowo) \xe 'they go jumping.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \rf 90.473.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx xołxoloʔox \ps n \ge rib.REDUP \de rib.REDUP \cf xolox \ce rib \sd reduplications \dt 13/Nov/2010 \lx xołxonowo \ps v \ge jump \de to jump \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. tšiyalušluškʔəy kika sixołxonowo, kikasiwonwon \xe 'they writhe, jump, and groan' (said of fishes). \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.474.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xomho \ps v \ge deep, be \de to be deep \an ʔespʔet \xv 1. tsxomho \xe 'it is deep (said of a deep ladle).' \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.475.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx xom̓ \ps excl \ge no \de no \ee Some people used ͽxom̓, and some used ͽmə. This is also used to designate a dialect of Ventureño. It was spoken as far down as Mupu (Santa Paula) and all up around Castaic. Also known as the Castaic dialect. \cf məʔ \ce no \sd exclamations \sd dialects \lg JPH \rf 88.275.2; 90.475.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx xon- \ps vpre \de -meaning uncertain- \cf xonmoyoyo \ce aquaduct; precipice \sd untranslated \sd prefixes \sd manner \sd vprefixes \rf 3.70.235.1; 81.143.1 \dt 24/Sep/2019 \lx xonmoyoyo \ps n \ge aquaduct \ge precipice \de aquaduct; precipice \ee The divergent translations in this entry come from the difficulty in translating the original Spanish zanjón. In Castillian Spanish this refers to a a deep channel in which water runs (i.e., an aquaduct). However, in Chilean Spanish this word translates as 'cliff' — Californian Spanish had a number of lexemes and their translations in common with various Latin American Spanish dialects. \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.235.1; 81.143.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xono \a xonon \va (xonon-) \se I \ps v \ge steal \ge steal from \de to steal; to steal from \ee This was an expression common among the Ventureño. It refers to stealing or having intercourse with a married woman. \xv 1. tsxono \xe 'he stole something.' \xv 2. kxono sixʔanwa \xe 'I stole a woman.' \xv 3. tsxono sixʔanwa \xe 'he stole a woman.' \xv 4. mupxono ! \xe 'do not steal!' \xv 5. mupixono, mupitowš \xe 'do not steal; do not fight!' \xv 6. tsʰxonò sipapeł \xe 'he stole a piece of paper.' \se II \ps vt \ge steal from \de to steal from \xv 1. tsamxononit \xe 'they stole it from me.' \xv 2. tšišxonotšəši \xe 'each of the 2 robbed the other.' \xv 3. latšə ʔisxononuswu \xe 'he steals it from them all the time.' \xv 4. tsʰxononit hesikʰpapeł \xe 'he stole my paper from me.' \xv 5. no ʔan hukałwa kəwə tsxononit lokakʰkawayu \xe 'I am going to kill him because he stole my horse.' \xv 6. tsixononit lokakʰintsʔaxalamu \xe 'they stole my marrow.' \xv 7. no ʔan ksoxnonus ʔisxono səʔəqəy \xe 'I suspect him of having stolen a chicken.' \xv 8. no ʔan hukałwa lokaʔatʔaxatš kaʔałxononit lokakʰkawayu \xe 'I am going to kill the man who stole my horse.' \cf ʔałʔałxo \ce thief \sd common \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 89.155.1; 90.477.1-480.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xonxoniyata \ps n \ge xonxoniyata \de Xonxoniyata; settlement north of Mission Santa Inés \sd places \sd placenames \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.623.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xoyi \ps v \ge go over \ge pass over \de to go over; to pass over \cf matixoyi \ce to crawl over \cf piłxoyi \ce to jump over \xv 1. ʔałxoyi tsxoyi \xe 'he gets over' (the fence) (by climbing or going over a high box, without jumping). \xv 2. tsxoyi lomotʔo \xe 'he passed over.' \xv 3. tsxoyi lokasełka \xe 'he climbed over the fence.' \xv 4. hukxoyi \xe 'I am going to get' (over a fence). \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.371.2-3, 469.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xoyitš \ps v \ge blister(s), have (a) \de to have (a) blister(s) \xv 1. tšxoyitš hesikpu \xe I have a blister on my hand.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.469.3 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx xoyoxoyo \ps v \ge fly.REDUP \de fly.REDUP \cf xoyoyo \ce to fly \sd reduplications \dt 13/Nov/2010 \lx xoyoyo \rd xoyoxoyo \rd xoyxoyoyo \a xoyoyon \va (xoyoyon-) \ps v \ge fly \de to fly \et ɕ \ec See BOI ‘xoyoyon’ ‘to fly’ (Whistler 1980: 41) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv xoyoyonli \pde to fly.APL.DIR \pdl v \pdv xoyoyontiʔiy \pde to fly.CIS \cf iwołxoyoyo \ce to begin to fly \cf nuxoyoyo \ce to fly while carrying \cf oqtoxoyoyo \ce to fly with the wind \xv 1. tsxoyoyo \xe 'he is flying.' \xv 2. ʔałxoyoyo \xe 'one who flies.' \xv 3. kayusxoyòyò \xe 'the bird is going to fly.' \xv 4. tsixoyoxoyo \xe 'they are flying every which way.' \xv 5. tswətwət ʔisxoyoyo \xe 'it goes flying flapping his wings.' \xv 6. lokatšwiw ʔan tsxoyxoyoyo \xe 'the bird goes flying.' \xv 7. tsxoyoyo ʔan tspowipowì \xe 'its flight is crooked' (said of a bat). \xv 8. ʔiskowokowonli ʔisxoyoyo \xe 'the bat flits from side to side.' \xv 9. ʔałxoyxoyoyo kisxiliqisənwu lokatšotšonəʔəš \xe 'it flies and sees the fish from aloft.' \xv 10. tšwałqawawatš kikasxoyoyonli \xe 'he starts flying.' \xv 11. tsxoyoyontiʔiy \xe 'it came flying over in this direction.' \xv 12. ʔiyałxoyoyo \xe 'flying creaures; fliers (birds and bats).' \sd common \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.619.2; 90.469.4-472.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xoyxoyoyo \ps v \ge fly.REDUP \de to fly.REDUP \cf xoyoyo \ce to fly \sd reduplications \dt 13/Nov/2010 \lx xšap \rd xšapxšap \ps n \ge rattlesnake \de rattlesnake \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI xšap ‘rattlesnake,’ CRZ xšap ‘rattlesnake’ (Whistler 1980: 41; Beeler & Klar 1977: 113) \xv 1. tsaxšił sixšap \xe 'a rattlesnake bit him.' \xv 2. tšamnaqša loʔisʔaxsił kaxšap \xe 'they die of [a] rattlesnake bite.' \xv 3. kitaqʰ ʔisasxələlə̀ sixšap \xe 'I look out, I hear a snake rattle.' \sd animals \sd reptiles \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.399.1-2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx xšapxšap \ps n \ge rattlesnake.REDUP \de rattlesnake.REDUP \cf xšap \ce rattlesnake \sd reduplications \dt 20/Mar/2012 \lx xšo \sc Platanus racemosa \ps n \ge western sycamore \ge sycamore, western \ge wooden container \ge container, wooden \de western sycamore; wooden container \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI xšo ‘plant; sycamore; object made of sycamore wood,’ CRZ qšoʼo ‘sycamore,’ INZ xšonuš ⁓ šonuš ‘sycamore,’ OBI teksu ‘western sycamore’, PUY ʼaqšoʼ ‘western sycamore’ (Whistler 1980: 41; Beeler & Klar 1977a: 123; SYBCI 2007: 342; Timbrook 2007: 147) \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1983: 77 81, 288 290). \xv 1. lokaštəkšəʔəš kaqʰaq ʔan tšaqništaqapqap šixšo sineʔesiyapiyamutš \xe 'the color of the antelope resembles that of fallen sycamore leaves.' \sd plants \sd nature \sd trees \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.326.2 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx xtšʔənən \ps n \ge Jerusalem cricket \ge potato bug \de Jerusalem cricket; potato bug \gn matavenado \dn matavenado \ee If a man is doing feats through magic, kill a Jerusalem cricket and throw it dead where he is doing his feats and his magic power will leave him. \sd animals \sd insects \lg JPH \rf 70.357.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xudiyu \cf xuliyu \ce Jew \sd variations \dt 12/Feb/2011 \lx xuliyu \a xudiyu \va (xudiyu) \ps n \ge Jew \de Jew \mr [] \xv 1. tsamʔəwənuswu ʔisixət lokaxuliyu \xe 'the Jews have their penises cut.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd religion \sd people \lg TJPH \rf 93.97.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xułtsʔəyə \ps v \ge disgusted (by), be \ge take a dislike to \de to be disgusted (by); to take a dislike to \cf aqnixułtsʔəyə \ce to be sick in the stomach \cf šuxułtšʔəyətš \ce to disgust; to cause disgust \xv 1. tsxułtsʔəyə \xe 'I am disgusted.' \xv 2. no ʔan kxułtsʔəyə hesaʔalos \xe 'I have taken a dislike to this rice.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.49.2-4; 93.98.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xululu \rd xuluxulu \a xululun \a xuluʔlu \va (xululun-) \ps v \ge roll (as is said of a ball or wheel) \de to roll (as is said of a ball or wheel) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv xuluxulunli \pde to roll (as is said of a ball or wheel).DIR.REDUP \pdl v \pdv xuluxuluntiʔiy \pde to roll (as is said of a ball or wheel).CIS.REDUP \cf ʔałxululu \ce buggy; cart \cf suxululu \ce to roll smth \cf wisuxululu \ce to roll by hitting \xv 1. tsxululu \xe 'it goes rolling' (as a ball does). \xv 2. saqutałtə ʔasxululu \xe 'put something so that the squash, baggy, or whatever it is will not roll down the slope.' \xv 3. tsxuluxulunli hesoʔo saʔałpołkwowo ʔišolop \xe 'the ball of mud goes rolling down the ditch in the water.' \xv 4. tsxuluxulunli \xe 'it goes rolling away down the hillside.' \xv 5. tsxuluxuluntiʔi \xe 'it goes rolling down [here] of its own accord.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 69.945.1; 90.483.4-485.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xuluqʰał \ps v \ge chip off smth \de to chip off smth \mr [] \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \xv 1. kay ʔan tsxuluqʰał \xe 'I am flaking' (flint). \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.194.1, 483.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xuluxulu \a xuluxulun \va (xuluxulun-) \ps v \ge roll (as is said of a ball or wheel).REDUP \de to roll (as is said of a ball or wheel).REDUP \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv xuluxulunli \pde to roll.REDUP.APL.DIR \pdl v \pdv xuluxuluntiʔi(y) \pde to roll.REDUP.CIS \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xunta \ps n \ge slingshot \de slingshot \mr [] \cf xuntanitš \ce to slingshot (a stone) \xv 1. lokaxunta \xe 'the sling.' \sd tools \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \rf 90.485.4-486.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xuntanitš \ps v \ge slingshot (a stone) \de to slingshot (a stone) \mr [] \cf xunta \ce slingshot \xv 1. hukxuntanitš \xe 'I am going to throw a stone with a sling.' \sd verbs \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.485.4-486.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xupani \ps v \ge kick (said only of animals) \de to kick (said only of animals) \ee Note that Harrington translates this as ‘to be stubborn.’ \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ʔałxupani \pde to kick (said only of animals).NZ \cf ʔałxupani \ce stubborn animal; bronco; horse that kicks and bites \xv 1. tsxupani hesikawayu \xe 'the horse kicks.' \xv 2. tsʔił tsiku sałʔip sikawayu saʔałxupani ʔan ʔisułkuw ʔan musxupani, kʔuwe no ʔan mukšuwašətš kəwə tskokoyalit saʔałxupani sikawayu kʰen tsmaxuyułkuw \xe 'people say that a wild horse is gentler at night, but I don’t believe it for a bronco horse once kicked up with me in the dark.' \xv 3. ʔałxupani \xe (a horse) 'that bites and kicks.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 90.486.2-3; 93.100.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xus \ps n \ge bear \ge male bear \de bear; male bear \et *qus \ec Compare BOI xus ‘bear,’ CRZ xus ⁓ xuʼus ‘bear,’ INZ xus ‘bear,’ PUY hus ‘bear,’ OBI tuquski(ʼ) ⁓ tuhuski(ʼ) ‘bear’ (Klar 1977: 68-69; Harrington 1986: 3.6.18.2) \ee It was said that the word ʔaltitapš ‘one who comes after you’ also referred to the bear. \cf suwasuwa \ce female bear \cf yeš \ce bear cub \xv 1. xus ʔi ʔałtšošoy \xe 'dark bear.' \xv 2. xus ʔi ʔałtiyam ʔisʔowow \xe 'golden-beige bear.' \xv 3. xus ʔi štəqʰšaʔaš ʔi tštaqapqap ʔiʔalapiyam \xe 'bear the color of fallen leaves (brown bear).' \xv 4. tšʰuš ʔixus \xe 'bear hide; bear pelt' (may also refer to a bearskin rug). \xv 5. tsʔił ʔiskoton sixus \xe 'he has a bear shirt.' \xv 6. tšmaqtunutš ʔixus \xe 'it is half bear.' \xv 7. ʔiswayi hesixus ʔan mup ʔisʔap \xe 'in the winter the bear lives in a cave.' \xv 8. loʔkaxus ʔan qʰnowowò ʔišteleqʰ \xe 'the bear has a short tail.' \xv 9. tšaxwitš lokaskoton kikasxus \xe 'he put on the shirt and became a bear.' \xv 10. hesixus ʔan lositəptəpʰə kasʔap \xe 'the bear lives in the mountain.' \xv 11. loʔkaxus laʔkʰan ʔisqisənił ʔan tsilikʔè kinupan tšnowò kišipʔapʔatš loʔišpu \xe 'when the bear sees you, it stands up and claps its hands (palms together).' \xv 12. mušnałpiʔi hałxus loʔkaʔałpənə̀kʰ tšaqʰwìn loʔkaʔałtəpʰə̀ kaałʔaqʰtšum ʔišnałpiʔì loʔkaxùs \xe 'the bear does not go in there [in the clearing], it is the forest alone where the bear likes to go.' \xv 13. kʔetʔetš ʔišpunwaš sixus \xe 'I put on a necklace [with] a bear’s front paw.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd mammals \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.715.2-717.2; 89.347.1; 90.488.1-3; 92.670.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx xutaš \ps n \ge (mother) earth \ge Venus (the planet) \de (mother) earth; complimentary name for a woman; Venus (the planet) \ee When the men appreciated a woman very much they called her ͽxutaš ('Venus'). This word is often translated into Spanish as ‘Venus,’ presumably in the sense of a nurturing planet and or mother figure. Confusion may arise in certain circumstances, since this word also refers to the celestial planet Venus. Harrington leaves the following note on the subject. [There is a holiday of] Venus (the star). The fiesta of Venus was heathen, and came at the beginning of August. There was a certain time when Venus was visible. The reason for looking at Venus then was because the atmosphere was clear at that time. The time [is the time] of Venus the triumphant, for ͽxutaš is an herb that has fruit that comes in three different colors: reddish brown, pale blue, and plum color. [The herb] grew anywhere around here [Ventura area]. It was supposed at this season of the year that this fruit would beat ots [sic.] (est. this fruit was smaller than mustard seed, and longish shaped). Fernando Librado has never heard the Spanish name. But a Mexican once was telling Fernando that the fruit must be ͽpil, but Fernando is not sure. When a son or daughter of a captain died they burned ͽpil. During the illness of [a] person, [they] burned it inside of the house; if the person died, they would burn it outside. \xv 1. tsaqwał may xutaš \xe 'the shadow of Venus.' \sd astronomy \sd phrases \sd names \sd mythology \lg JPH \rf 69.358.1, 852 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx xuti- \ps vpre \ge by hurried action \ge hurried action, by \ge INSTR.hurried \de by hurried action \ee Glossed as INSTR.hurried. \cf sutixutiwəwə \ce to be in a hurry; to cause to be in a hurry \cf xutiwalaʔap \ce to land hurriedly \cf xutiwəwə \ce to hurry oneself \sd instrumentals \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xutiwalaʔap \ps v \ge land hurriedly \de to land hurriedly \mr ?[] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf walaʔap \ce to land; to go ashore \xv 1. tsxutiwalaʔap \xe 'he lands in a hurry.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd motion \sd manner \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.488.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xutiwəwə \ps v \ge hurry oneself \de to hurry oneself \mr [] \cf iwəwə \ce to quiver; to palpitate \cf suxutiwəwə \ce to hurry smn up \xv 1. tsxutiwəwə \xe 'he hurries.' \sd motion \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.489.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xuwiliyatset \ps n \ge coyote \de coyote \ee The coyote says xuwiliyatsèt when he foresees danger. This word was said to mean, “one who causes/makes fear.” \xv 1. ʔisenhès heʔišùp ʔan xuwiliyatsetʰ \xe 'the breath of the world is coyote' (said in fall when weather threatens and then none go out in their canoes). \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \sd mythology \lg JPH \rf 71.732.1-733.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xuxa \ps v \ge cowardly, be \ge timid, be \de to be cowardly; to be timid \ee Note that this verb is only found in examples where it has been nominalized. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałxuxa \pde to be cowardly.NZ; to be timid.NZ \cf ʔałʔałxuxa \ce coward \cf ʔałxuxa \ce to be afraid \cf suxuxa \ce to cause fear; to scare \xv 1. kʰan ʔisʔałxuxu \xe 'when it is afraid.' \xv 2. tsʔałxuxa \xe 'he is uneasy' or 'he has fears.' \xv 3. kʔałxuxa \xe 'I am afraid.' \xv 4. tsʔipus lokašʰatiwə, “mupʔałxuxa, kanawa huskumi ʔan pʔipus, ‘hukiwišił,’ ipus ‘munakalaqwaʔay,’ kihustapi” \xe 'his wife said to him, "don’t be a coward, when he arrives tell him, ‘I will go along with you,’ tell him, ‘I am not yet ready,’ ask him to come inside.' " \sd verbs \sd stative \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.487.1-4 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx xuyuw \rd xuyxuyuw \ps v \ge lie to \de to lie to \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałxuyuw \pde lie.NZ (liar) \xv 1. lokaqunup ʔan lasxuyxuyúw \xe 'the boy is telling many lies.' \xv 2. ʔipus ʔałxuyuw nokakałʔip ! \xe 'tell him I said he is a liar!' \xv 3. mupxuyuwit, ʔałhaš wašəʔəʔə̀tš ! \xe 'do not lie to me, talk pure truth!' \xv 4. lošaʔatʔaxatš ʔan ʔałxuyuw \xe 'that man is a liar;cheater.' \xv 5. musʔił tsʔohoy hałʔał xuyuw tšaqwin \xe 'there is no man more of a liar than he.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.183.2, 184.3, 246.4; 90.480.3-482.2; 91.49.2 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx xuyxuyuw \ps v \ge lie to.REDUP \de to lie to.REDUP \cf xuyuw \ce to lie to \sd reduplications \dt 20/Sep/2011 \lx xwa \ps n \ge oriol, small \ge ?heron, blue \ge ?owl species, small \de small oriol (orol); ?blue heron; ?small owl species \ee Translated as ‘ reddish grey heron’ and as a bird that lives in the tule. This word is also said to denote a small owl species that goes about at night hunting toads for its young. \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1; 72.480.2-481.1, 683.1-684.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xwapš \rd xwapxwapš \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI xwapš ‘nettles’, CRZ qwapš ‘nettles’, INZ xwapš ‘nettles’, OBI (t)qmapsɨ ‘nettles,’ xwapš ‘nettles’ (Klar 1977: 26-27; Harrington 1986 3.6.28.1) \se I \ps n \ge nettle(s) \de nettle(s) \gn ortiga \dn ortiga \se II \ps v \ge stung, be \de to be stung \gn ortigarse \dn ortigarse \xv 1. kʰxwapš hesikpu \xe 'it stung my hand.' \sd plants \sd animals \sd insects \sd verbs \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.489.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xwapxwapš \se I \ps n \ge nettle(s).REDUP \de nettle(s).REDUP \se II \ps v \ge to be stung.REDUP \de to be stung.REDUP \cf xwapš \ce I. nettle(s) II. to be stung \sd reduplications \dt 28/Jun/2018 \lx xwas \ps n \ge (night) heron \ge heron, (night) \de (night) heron \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; FL \rf 71.493.1, 684.2-685.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx xwat \ps onom \ge quack \de quack \ee This is the sound a duck makes. \xv 1. tsʔip xwat xwat xwat xwat xwat xwat xwat \xe '(the duck) says quack, etc.' \sd onomatopoeia \sd birds \sd language \lg JPH \rf 71.425.1 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx xway \ps n \ge crab species \de crab species \ee Described as being about 6 in (8.5 cm) across and 4 in (10.1 cm) from front to back. Said to be smaller and less round than the ͽkoloy. \sd nature \sd animals \sd ocean \sd shellfish \lg JPH \rf 81.147.4-148.1 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx xwelexweł \ps n \ge cottonwood \de cottonwood \gn álamo \dn álamo \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (149 150). \sd plants \sd trees \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.94.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx xwetet \rd xwetxwetet \a xwetét \a xwetét \a xwetèt \ps n \ge frog \ge toad \de frog; toad \ee Harrington translates this into English as 'frog' and into Spanish as 'sapo,' 'toad'. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI qewet ‘toad,’ INZ waqaqʼ ⁓ weqeč ‘frog ⁓ small frog’ (Whistler 1980: 24; SYBCI 2007: 517) \cf waqaq \ce frog \xv 1. kaswé skum xwetet \xe 'and he went to sleep and Frog came.' \xv 2. tsiyiwon sixwetet \xe 'the frogs are croaking.' \xv 3. ʔałtsutuhuy ʔi xwetet \xe 'the frog that makes the rain come' (for Indians understand this). \xv 4. xetétʰ ʔi ʔałwalaʔàpʰ \xe 'frog who came ashore' (name for a type of fish species with a head like a frog). \xv 5. xwetet ałʔnuna hemišup \xe 'terrestrial frog.' \xv 6. xwetet ałnuna soʔo \xe 'aquatic frog.' \sd animals \sd mythology \sd amphibians \lg JPH \rf 90.489.4 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx xwetxwetet \ps n \ge frog.REDUP \ge toad.REDUP \de frog.REDUP; toad.REDUP \cf xwetet \ce frog; toad \sd reduplications \dt 14/Apr/2012 \lx xyelu \ps n \ge iron \de iron \mr [] \xv 1. tsamsunuwus sixyelu \xe 'they use an iron.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.466.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xʔanwa \a xʔanwà \rd xʔanxʔanwa \rd xʔanxʔanwaʔa \ps n \ge girl \ge lady \ge lady, young \ge woman \ge woman, young \de woman; lady; girl, young lady; young woman \gn mujer \gn muchacha \dn mujer; muchacha \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv qʔanwa \pde woman.DIM \pdl n \pdv qʔanwawaš \pde woman.DIM.DEPR \cf qʔanwa \ce girl child \cf qʔanwawaš \ce old woman \xv 1. sixʔanwa \xe 'one woman' \xv 2. ʔiškom̓ sixʔanwa \xe 'two women.' \xv 3. šiʔišxʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'the two women.' \xv 4. siyʔixʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'the (three or more) women.' \xv 5. tštəʔəniwaš ʔixʔanwa \xe 'female dog' (or 'bitch'). \xv 6. qunup ʔixʔanwa \xe 'girl' (of about 12 or 13 years). \xv 7. nee xʔanwa \xe 'she was already woman.' \xv 8. tsxono sixʔanwa \xe 'he stole a woman.' \xv 9. huki hałptałhəw ? ; ksuwheł siqʔanwa \xe 'what sex did you give birth to?' ; 'I gave birth to a girl.' \xv 10. hesixʔanwa ʔan munašulišwaš hałʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the girl has never had any man.' \xv 11. loʔkaxʔanwa tsʔil ʔisʔaxwi \xe 'that woman has an apron on.' \sd people \sd kinship \sd lifecycle \lg JPH \rf 69.14; 89.11.2-4; 90.345.4-348.4 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx xʔanxʔanwa \ps n \ge woman.REDUP \ge lady.REDUP \ge lady, young.REDUP \ge young lady.REDUP \ge girl.REDUP \ge woman, young.REDUP \ge young woman.REDUP \ge girl.REDUP \de woman.REDUP; lady.REDUP; girl.REDUP, young lady.REDUP; young woman.REDUP \cf xʔanwa \ce woman; lady; girl, young lady; young woman \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xʔepey̓ \a xepey̓ \va (xepey̓) \ps n \ge algae \de algae \gn lama \dn lama \sd plants \sd nature \sd water \lg JPH \rf 81.92.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx xʔim̓ \ps n \ge storage basket \ge basket, storage \ge storage granary \ge granary, storage \de storage basket; storage granary \ee Harrington notes, "[They] never put ͽxʔim̓ outdoors. Prized them much. Had big ones." See also Hudson & Blackburn (1983: 58 68). \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ x̓im ‘small mouthed basket’, PUY x̓im ‘small mouthed basket’ (Harrington 1986: 3.6.30.2) \sd basketry \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 90.446.1 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx xʔomho \rd xʔomxʔomhoʔo \ps n \ge narrow-mouthed basket \ge basket, narrow-mouthed \de narrow-mouthed basket \ee This basket had a narrow mouth. See also Hudson and Blackburn (1983: 69 73). \cf lišxʔomoho \ce to have deep eye sockets \xv 1. hesikxʔomho \xe 'my narrow-mouthed basket.' \xv 2. mulayəlaʔa lokaxʔomho \xe 'not all the narrow-mouthed baskets.' \sd culture \sd basketry \lg JPH \rf 90.475.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xʔomoho \rd xʔomxʔomohoʔo \ps v \ge have a hollow \ge hollow, have a \ge have a pothole \ge pothole, have a \de to have a hollow; to have a pothole \cf suxʔomoho \ce to hollow out; to make a depression in \cf tsxʔomoho \ce dell; hollow (in the ground) \xv 1. tsxʔomoho \xe 'there is one depression [in the groun].' \xv 2. tsxʔomxʔomohoʔo hašaʔaliyaš \xe 'the road is full of hollows or holes.' \xv 3. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan kumkumeʔeł šaʔaliyaš, ʔəhə simahmahaʔa kaʔisxʔomxʔomohoʔo kasixəpxəʔəp \xe 'before there were no good roads, they were gulchy and chuckholy and stony.' \sd descriptions \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.475.4-476.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx xʔomxʔomhoʔo \ps n \ge basket, narrow-mouthed.REDUP \ge narrow-mouthed basket.REDUP \de narrow-mouthed basket.REDUP \cf xʔomho \ce narrow-mouthed basket \sd reduplications \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx xʔomxʔomohoʔo \ps v \ge have a hollow.REDUP \ge hollow, have a.REDUP \ge have a pothole.REDUP \ge pothole, have a.REDUP \de to have a hollow.REDUP; to have a pothole.REDUP \cf xʔomoho \ce to have a hollow; to have a pothole \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx xʔox \ps n \ge nocturnal bird (any kind) \de nocturnal bird (any kind) \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.682.1 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx ya \hm 1 \ps prcl \ge YA \de now! \ee Grammatical particle with meaning similar to 'now!' as used when calling attention to something about to happen or beginning to happen. This should not to be confused with Spanish Ϟya, 'already.' \xv 1. ya kasinowo yəlaʔa \xe ' good, they all get up' \xv 2. ya kišnaʔał \xe 'now, let's go' (said when rested). \xv 3. ya nowo, lakʰan nowo, lakʰan ! \xe 'stop, just stop!' \sd particles \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.626.1-4; Coyo58, 59 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx ya \a yà \hm 2 \ps n \ge arrow \de arrow \et *yaʔ \ec Compare BOI yaʼ ‘arrow,’ CRZ yaʼa ‘arrow,’ INZ yaʼ ‘arrow,’ PUY yaʼ ‘arrow’ (Klar 1977: 65; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \ee See also Hudson and Blackburn (1982) for a discussion of different arrow types. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv yaniwaš \pde arrow.DEPR \cf yaniwaš \ce old worn arrow \xv 1. nokš kya kaki \xe 'that is my arrow.' \xv 2. hesiya ʔan no kakʰin \xe 'this arrow is mine.' \xv 3. kaylo kapya pi \xe 'this is your arrow.' \xv 4. hesiya ʔan kikə kakihin \xe 'this arrow is ours.' \xv 5. hukiʔaskusya he ? \xe 'and whose arrow is this?' \xv 6. ya ʔikukaʔaš \xe 'arrow with bird point.' \xv 7. ya ʔiʔutʔawəʔəš \xe 'small game arrow.' \xv 8. ya ʔiʔaxitšaʔaš \xe 'arrow for war.' \xv 9. tšaqtatšum hesikya \xe 'I have a good arrow.' \xv 10. hukʰkéwéy hesikya \xe 'I am going to make a notch in the butt end of this my arrow.' \xv 11. hukaqwəy hesikyá \xe 'I am going to feather this arrow.' \xv 12. mušaqtatum hekakya \xe 'my arrow did not carry far.' \xv 13. ya ʔi ʔałʔił ʔi ʔištapušaʔaš \xe '?arrow with [a] shaft.' \xv 14. wašətš hekakya tskəyəmi \xe 'my arrow is good and straight.' \xv 15. kʰqatʔiwəš lokakʰya lokakʔax \xe 'I put my arrow side by side with my bow together.' \xv 16. tsamsinayus tskúmu sipon̓ loʔistəq siya kuhusiwəł šitšwiw \xe 'they have put four sticks on the end of the arrow, that it may kill birds.' \sd archery \sd warfare \lg JPH \rf 89.627.1-628.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx yaʔam \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \sd variations \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx yahəł \ps n \ge red snake (species) \ge snake (species), red \de red snake (species) \ee Harrington refers to this as a ‘whipsnake.’ The word may refer to the red coachwhip or red racer (ϞMasticophis Ϟflagellum Ϟpiceus). See also United States Geological Service, Western Ecological Research Center (www.werc.usgs.gov). \mr [<ʔaya- (ϡnz.aniϡ) + həl (ruddle; a red pigment consisting of ochre.ϡnredupϡ)>] \cf aqtayahəł \ce to be the color of a red snake \cf həłhəł \ce red pigment consisting of ocher; ruddle \xv 1. loʔkayahəł ʔan tšuštahày kinupan tšošoy heʔispo loʔiswał ʔišnuxš ʔan xaxaʔàx kinupan tsiptsʔeyewù, musaqʰtipałyət, kʰin, tswaya kisʰwəpił \xe 'the whipsnake is red with black cheeks its nostrils big and shiny, it does not suck[?le], moreover, it hangs [?in the air] and it hits you.' \sd animals \sd colors \sd reptiles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.628.4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx yam \a yaʔam \va (yaʔam) \ps v \ge descend \ge go down \de to go down; to descend \ee Harrington lists the form ͽyaʔam, but he gives no examples of it. The form is presented here as an alternate for the sake of completeness. \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv yamli \pde to go down; to descend.DIR \pdl v \pdv yamtiʔiy \pde to go down; to descend.CIS \cf ʔałkuyam \ce one on horseback \cf apiyam \ce to fall quickly \cf apiyamutš \ce to be fallen \cf aputiyam \ce to run downhill (said of water) \cf axitiyam \ce to move down; to sink down \cf axiyam \ce to run downhill \cf axyam \ce to descend quickly \cf iwałyam \ce to slide down \cf kuyam \ce to ride horseback; to be seated on top of smth \cf kuyaməʔəš \ce chair; seat \cf kʔiliyamli \ce to descend quickly; to go down quickly \cf kʔiłyamli \ce to descend slowly; to go down slowly \cf lukuyam \ce to bud; to have buds \cf maxsuyam \ce to drag down; to pull down \cf nuyam \ce to carry down; to bring down \cf piliyam \ce to trickle down \cf piliyammu \ce place where it trickles down \cf qiliyamšəši \ce to look at one's body \cf sapiyam \ce to let fall; to loose \cf siwałyam \ce to throw smth down \cf sukuyam \ce to set on end; to put down from a horse \cf sutiyam \ce to lower \cf suyam \ce to take down \cf šiwałyam \ce to throw over \cf tiyam \ce to sink (down) \cf tsʔiyam \ce I. steep slope; ?cliff II. to be steep (said only of slopes) \cf ułyamli \ce to descend vigorously; to go down vigorously \cf ušyam \ce to let down over \cf watwatisapiyam \ce to drop smth as one moves \cf wayiyam \ce to descend slowly \cf wiyam \ce to be sloped \cf xiliyamšəši \ce to look at oneself \cf yami \ce to get off; to come down from \xv 1. tsiyamli \xe 'they go downhill.' \xv 2. tsyamli \xe 'he descends.' \xv 3. tsyamtiʔiy \xe 'he descends' (said by me when I am standing at the foot of the tree). \xv 4. tsyamli losiʔinfyełnu \xe 'he descended to Hell.' \xv 5. lokaʔiyʔałyam \xe 'those that go down.' \xv 6. kakyamtiʔiy kełkʔewli \xe 'I came down here going along the bank of a river or edge of a precipice.' \xv 7. kilakasaqniyəwus kisyamtiʔiy \xe 'and descends again to the ground when he takes a notion to it.' \xv 8. kasamyamtiì tšiqunqunùp \xe 'and the boys came down.' \xv 9. kilakasaqniyəwus kisyamtiʔiy \xe 'he descends again to the ground when he takes a notiont to it. \xv 10. kikasiyamli loʔisʔəł silamesa \xe '(the lice) descended the leg of the table.' \xv 11. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə saʔalaxəwəł hemitsqanaqan yəlaʔa heʔišup, kasiməy ʔan ʔəhənwaš, latšʔilitš kisiyamtiʔiy šaʔapʰanəšmu, kałʔəhəʔəʔə šałʔisuwuswu šaʔatəšwənəš kilokalamwəłwu ʔan katanimitʔi \xe 'in early times there were lots of coyotes at Ventura in the hills and there were lots of wolves, sometimes they came down to the town, the people poisoned more than they shot.' \xv 12. tsamyaʔam \xe 'they go down (a slope).' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.240.4, 629.2-633.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yami \ps v \ge get off \ge come down from \de to get off; to come down from \mr [] \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kakyami \xe 'I got off' (a horse or board). \xv 2. neʔekyami hekakyewa \xe 'I got off my mare.' \xv 3. kayiti kayukyami \xe 'here is where I want to get out.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.629.3-630.1 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx yaniwaš \ps n \ge arrow, old worn \de old worn arrow \mr [] \cf ya2 \ce arrow \xv 1. watšʔəw lokayaniwaš, neʔemuštšum \xe 'throw that arrow away, it's no longer good.' \sd archery \sd warfare \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.633.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yasis \ps v \ge poisoned with poison oak, be \ge contract poison oak \ge poison oak, contract \de to be poisoned with poison oak; to contract poison oak \ee This refers to being poisoned by ϞToxicodendron Ϟdiversilobum (Timbrook 2007: 214 217). \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI yasis ‘poison oak,’ CRZ yasis ‘poison oak,’ INZ yasis ‘poison oak’ (Whistler 1980: 75; Beeler & Klar 1977: 112; SYBCI 2007: 453) \cf yasyasis \ce poison oak \xv 1. no ʔan kiyasis \xe 'I am poisoned with poison oak' (ͽi after ͽk- is epenthetic). \xv 2. no ʔan kiyasis \xe 'we have poisoned oak.' \xv 3. kyasis hesikqəp \xe 'I contracted poison oak on my belly.' \xv 4. mustaqpayit loʔsiyasis \xe 'I don’t get poison oak.' \sd plants \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.634.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx yasyasis \ps n \ge poison oak \de poison oak \ee This appears to be a reduplicated form of ͽyasis, 'to be poisoned with poison oak.' The connection between the two words is unclear, since the Spanish translation of ͽyasyasis, hiedra, translates in English as 'ivy.' \mr [] \xv 1. siyasyasis kałʔisaqtikatit \xe 'the poison oak obstructed me.' \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 93.113.1 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx yawi \rd yawyawiʔi \ps n \ge key \de key \mr [] \xv 1. huksinayus sipita hesikyawyawiʔi, kinelahusiyapiyam kaypi huksinayus hesipita \xe 'I am going to put string on my keys so that if they fall – for that reason I am going to put a string on them.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.634.3 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx yawyaʔaw \ps v \ge cheerful, be \de to be cheerful \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ʔałyawyaʔaw \pde to be cheerful.NZ \cf ʔałyawyaʔaw \ce cheerful person \xv 1. ʔałyawyawʔaw \xe 'cheerful person.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.383.1 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx yawyawiʔi \ps n \ge key.REDUP \de key.REDUP \cf yawi \ce key \sd reduplications \dt 20/Sep/2011 \lx yaxsən̓ə \a yaxsunə \va (yaxsunə) \ps n \ge autumn \ge fall (season) \de autumn; fall (season) \ee Harrington’s consultant did not know this word, but stated that it might be ok. \sd meteorology \sd chronometry \lg JPH \rf 69.940.3; 89.633.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yaxsunə \cf yaxsən̓ə \ce autumn; fall (season) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yaxtšʔeq \ps v \ge split junco \de to split junco \ee Harrington notes that this verb means to "hold one side of tip in mouth and other in right hand and split thus for 4 inches, and then run thumb down middle to base of stem (no longer holding it with teeth)." \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce to crack; to split \xv 1. hukyaxtšʔeq \xe 'I split junco.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd basketry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.634.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx yay \ps n \ge ?reed species \de ?reed species \ee This plant was not used to dye junco or anything else. \sd botany \sd basketry \rf JPH \rf 81.60.1 \dt 22/Sep/2018 \lx -yep- \ps vroot \de verb root of uncertain meaning \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI -yep- in axiyep ‘to cure,’ INZ –yep- ‘helping, replacing’ (Whistler 1980: 5; SYBCI 2007: 453) \cf ʔałʔalaxiyepš \ce doctor \cf ʔaxiyeʔep \ce remedy; medicine \cf aqtiyep \ce to come for a cure/help \cf axiyep \ce to cure \cf ?itiyep \ce to tell (inform) \cf ?nutiyepšeši \ce to confess one to another \cf ?ušuyepš \ce to be different \sd vroots \sd roots \sd untranslated \lg TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx yeš \ps n \ge bear cub \ge cub, bear \de bear cub \cf suwasuwa \ce female bear \cf xus \ce bear; male bear \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.715.1-2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx yewa \ps n \ge mare \de mare \mr [] \xv 1. neʔekyami hekakyewa \xe 'I got off my mare.' \sd animals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd mammals \sd husbandry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.629.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -yəʔəw- \a yəw \va (-yəw-) \ps vroot \de -meaning uncertain- \ee Harrington recognizes this as a root. \cf aluqtiyəw \ce to lack; to need \cf aqpaluniyəw \ce to search with one's feet \cf aqtuniyəw \ce to come to look for; to come to search for \cf itaqyəw \ce to obey \cf panayəwə \ce to be on the outskirts of; to be on the edge \cf šałyəw \ce mush stirrer \cf šałyəwə \ce to work (in some occupation) \cf tipuniyəw \ce to look for a fight; to pick a quarrel \cf tspanayəʔəw \ce beach; coast; edge; outskirts \cf tsyuqstiyəʔəw \ce firebrand \cf uniyəʔəw \ce to search for \sd vroots \sd roots \sd untranslated \lg TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -yək- \ps vroot \de verb root of uncertain meaning \ee May convey meaning having to with containment. \cf ʔutiyəkmu \ce buggy; transportation \cf kutitwałyək \ce to know smn/smth; to be aquainted with \cf naxałyək \ce to have a secret society; to have secret business \cf naxałyəkəš \ce smth exclusive; secret organization \cf qutitšwałyək \ce to be familiar with; to be acquainted with \cf sutiyək \ce to put inside; to fill; to put on (said of food on a dish) \cf utiyək \ce to be contained in; to be inside \cf utiyəkli \ce to stay to (trail, etc.) \cf utiyəkutš \ce ?dead mother \sd vroots \sd roots \sd untranslated \lg TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx yəlaʔa \a yə́láʔà \a yəlaʔà \a yəl(a)à \a yəlaʔà \ps n \ge all \de all \et *yimla (PSC) \ec Compare BOI yila- ‘all,’ CRZ yemla ‘all,’ INZ yilaʼ ‘all’ (Klar 1977: 63) \xv 1. yəlaʔa \xe '(come) all of you' (a call to people). \xv 2. yəlaʔa heʔišup \xe 'all this world.' \xv 3. yəlaʔa musʔił \xe 'nothing' (lit., all are not). \xv 4. yəlaʔa ʔiti ʔišup \xe 'everywhere.' \xv 5. mulayəlaʔa lokaxʔomho \xe 'not all the narrow-mouthed baskets.' \xv 6. layəlaʔa ʔan tsamsəpəswu suʔusʔustʔeymuʔu \xe 'the priests taught the people all their trades.' \xv 7. yəlaʔa musʔił \xe 'nothing; none.' \xv 8. yəlàʔà loʔkasalaxsumu \xe 'all her sufferings.' \xv 9. yəlaʔà loʔkakumeł kałwelèxš \xe 'all the bad that I endured.' \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.635.4-637.3; 94.204; Daughter116 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx yənhəx \ps v \ge desire to grab/take all the time, have a \de to have a desire to grab/take all the time \sd people \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd body \lg JPH \rf 69.515 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yət \a yə́t \ps v \ge come \ge arrive at \de to come; to arrive at \ee It seems that this word indicates 'coming back' of motion toward. Where ͽkumi indicates motion toward in general, ͽyət seems to indicate motion toward, but motion toward as might be typical of coming back to a place one frequents. \et *yit-i \ec Compare BOI yitʼi ‘to come,’ CRZ yet ‘to come,’ INZ yɨti ‘to come’ (Klar 1977: 77) \sy kumi \cf ʔałsunaxyət \ce morning; dawn \cf alinaxyəʔət \ce to last the whole night \cf apiyət \ce to perform (sing) incantations at night \cf aqtipałyət \ce to suck (as from a straw); to draw towards \cf iłyəti \ce to come in (said of the tide); to rise (said of the tide) \cf iwayət \ce to drive; to chase; to heard \cf kuštiyət \ce to get through (not using the conventional path/entrance); to sneak in \cf kuštiyətmu \ce place to come through; place to stick out \cf kutiyət \ce to tame \cf ləyət \ce to sprout \cf luyət \ce to have knot(s) (said of wood) \cf napiyət \ce to be intense; to be strong \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \cf naxyətiʔi \ce to be the next morning \cf nunaxyəʔət \ce to do all night; to work all night \cf quntušmaxyətš \ce to be tied too tight \cf qutiyət \ce to speak softly and pleasantly; to coax \cf sałyət \ce to count \cf sapiyət \ce to begin to sing \cf sələyət \ce I. plants; garden II. to sow; to plant \cf suninaxyəʔəʔət \ce to occur very early in the morning \cf suquntitiyət \ce to shorten smth by moving its two ends together \cf sutiyət \ce to move nearer to oneself \cf suyalinaxyət \ce to be going to be dawn \cf šałyətš \ce to count (keep track of numbers, scores, etc.) \cf šələyətəš \ce smth sown; smth planted \cf šuwatiyətš \ce to carry news of \cf šuwatušmaxyət \ce to jerk; to jerk away from \cf tiyət \ce to move closer to \cf tšləyət \ce sapling; sprout \cf uninaxyəʔəʔət \ce to occur very early in the morning \cf uninaxyət \ce to occur in the morning \cf ušmaxyət \ce to pull; to be pulled by undertow \cf utiyəʔət \ce to be on a side \cf wašnaxyət \ce tomorrow \cf wašnaxyətiʔiy \ce day after tomorrow \cf yəti \ce to arrive; to arrive again \cf yətiʔiškom̓ \ce six \cf yətimasəx \ce seven \cf yətini \ce to come back; to come again; to return \cf yətipakeʔes \ce five \xv 1. syət siku \xe 'somebody is coming.' \xv 2. tsyət šaʔałtšunuqš \xe 'a white man [Spaniard] is coming.' \xv 3. tsiiyət saʔałtšunuqš \xe 'white men are coming.' \xv 4. kikakyət gaviota \xe 'I arrived at Gaviota.' \xv 5. kikakyət santa ines \xe 'I arrived at Santa Inez.' \xv 6. nelasyət lokawaka \xe 'after a while the cow came along.' \xv 7. tsyət saʔałt̕ut̕u \xe 'here comes a blind person,' \xn 'viene un tuerto.' \xv 8. neʔesyət \xe 'he is coming hither on the road but has not arrived yet.' \xv 9. yət ʔiti \xe 'come hither' ; 'come this way.' \xv 10. nee syət suʔułkum \xe 'the fog is already coming in.' \xv 11. tsyət saʔaqšanəʔəš \xe 'an epidemic came.' \xv 12. lokanawasiyət ʔišukšukepeʔeš \xe 'when the Christians arrived.' \xv 13. tsyət sipułhewu ʔałtałhəwitš \xe 'a sheep is coming with its young.' \xv 14. ʔan tsʔił ʔiskummu kisiyət \xe 'they have their time for arriving here in this country.' \xv 15. neʔekayuskumli lokayusyət kanunašəš \xe 'the time is approaching for the devil to come.' \xv 16. tsʰusamha payikʔula məʔək hałtsyət hałku \xe 'he hears anybody coming far off.' \xv 17. neʔe kasmaxuyułkuw kisyət lokakʔamiwu \xe 'it was already dark when my friend arrived.' \xv 18. kikasiyət sipawapaw kiwaliʔiʔin tšiyaqškuwaxanpi \xe 'and the flies came and straightway defecated on it.' \xv 19. mukasiyʔap ʔiti tsiyət tsinawa šastəwəkš šitaštaʔaš \xe 'they [the wild geese] do not live here all the time, they come in the time when the grass is green.' \xv 20. tswatixeni simaxatʔaməy kikasyət kišišpakš sitsiyeliku \xe the fiesta ended and somebody came and put together (counted up?) the beads.' \xv 21. kanawa štšoho ʔisʔuwlilo ʔan tsyət ʔisʰuyaqmił \xe 'when she finished eating she got a terrible thirst.' \xv 22. mukpošʰotš nihusyət \xe 'I do not know if it will come.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \sd path \lg JPH \rf 69.15; 89.101, 638.1-646.1; 90.24.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx yəti \a yətin \va (yətin-) \ps v \ge arrive \ge arrive again \de to arrive; to arrive again \ee Harrington notes ͽneʔesyəti means about the same as ͽneʔeskumi. Both of these words are used of the house and of a member of the family arriving. But ͽneʔeskumiti is said of a stranger arriving. \mr [] \cf iłyəti \ce to come in (said of the tide); to rise (said of the tide) \cf kumi \ce to arrive at one’s home; to come home; to arrive \cf naxyətiʔi \ce to be the next morning \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \cf yətiʔiškom̓ \ce six \cf yətimasəx \ce seven \cf yətini \ce to come back; to come again; to return \cf yətipakeʔes \ce five \xv 1. neʔesyəti \xe 'he came here.' \xv 2. neʔesyət \xe 'he is come hither on the road but has not arrived yet.' \xv 3. tsyətini \xe 'he came back.' \xv 4. ktałwaxaʔa kikanawakyəti \xe 'and went over toward and when I came back again.' \xv 5. tšnaʔał hesikayi lawaliʔiʔin kisyəti kikasilikʔe kisʔaləł isbiblia, ʔəhə ʔislibro yəlaʔa ʔiswantswanaʔał \xe 'he goes to the street but returns soon and sits down to read, he has Bibles and all kinds of books.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.642.2-647.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx yətiʔiškom̓ \a yitiyʔiškom̓ \va (yitiyʔiškom̓) \ps num \ge six \de six \mr [] \cf ʔiškom̓ \ce two \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \cf yəti \ce to arrive; to arrive again \xv 1. masəx kʰsiʔqʔom kʰeʔen kʰsukutà ʔan yətiʔiškom̓ \xe 'two times three is six' (as he does this he closes the three fingers - little finger side of hand - and opens again). \sd numbers \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.627.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx yətimasəx \a yitimasəx \va (yitimasəx) \ps num \ge seven \de seven \mr [] \cf masəx \ce three \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \cf yəti \ce to arrive; to arrive again \xv 1. lokakanaʔaʔay kałmasəx ʔan tsiyexneqenpi lyos kilokałyitimasəx ʔan tsiyuskuyus lokałeašətš ʔisilikʔe lokapʔaliwə \xe 'the first three pertain to the honor of God, and the other seven to the benefit of your fellow man.' \xv 2. yitimasəx ʔištuq loʔkaxus \xe 'the bear with seven eyes' (name of the constellation Ursa Major, said to guard the north star). \sd numbers \lg TJPH \rf 89.527.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx yətini \ps v \ge come back \ge come again \ge return \de to come back; to come again; to return \mr ?[] \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \cf yəti \ce to arrive; to arrive again \xv 1. tšnikʔotiʔiy (Ϟor tsyətini) \xe 'he reached [his] goal and came back.' \xv 2. lakʰan susəhə sukʔalustʔey ʔan muhukyətini naxyət \xe 'just in case I have a lot to do, I will not return tomorrow.' \xv 3. tsyətini ʔišup \xe 'the year that comes (next year).' \xv 4. hekałyətini kašup \xe 'this year; the year which we are in.' \xv 5. tsyətini \xe 'he came back.' \xv 6. hekałyətini kašup \xe 'this year which has arrived, which we are in.' \xv 7. lokayułyətini kašup \xe 'the upcoming year' (that has not arrived yet). \xv 8. kəpə huknaʔał, naxyət hukyətini \xe 'I am going now, I will return tomorrow.' \xv 9. tsalinuxitʔisi ʔisalinowo, kikawaskimiyiʔiy ʔisʰuyoʔoš ʔan tsyətini lokaxaʔax kaʔatʔaxatš, kištitap \xe 'he stood sad and wanted a hen again and the big rooster came and chased him away.' \sd common \sd chronometry \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.648.4-650.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx yətipakeʔes \a yitipakeʔes \va (yitipakeʔes) \ps num \ge five \de five \ee Harrington notes that the first part of this word is not ͽyəti , but the example indicates otherwise. Both forms are given here. This word is used with higher number words to indicate numbers that are a multiple of five. \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \cf yəti \ce to arrive; to arrive again \cf yitipakeʔes tskaʔaškom \ce five hundred \xv 1. kʰsiqʔom yətipakeʔes kʰeʔenlà kʰsukutà ʔan kaʔaškom̓ \xe 'double five is ten.' \xv 2. tsʔip lokaqunup husikum siʔałnunapala yitipakeʔes tskaʔaškom \xe 'he says that 500 Pala Indians are coming.' \sd numbers \lg TJPH \rf 69.627.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx yəw \hm 1 \ps n \ge large winnowing basket \ge winnowing basket, large \ge basket, large winnowing \de large winnowing basket \ee This was a coiled, tray shaped basket roughly 3 ft (0.9 m) in diameter used for winnowing or parching seeds (Hudson & Blackburn 1983: 132 144). \cf ʔayuwhat \ce small winnowing basket \cf ʔewhey̓ \ce small winnowing basket \xv 1. lokayəw ʔan kaxaʔax ʔišišhin lokaʔayuwhat \xe 'the large winnowing basket (ͽyəw) is bigger than the small winnowing basket (ͽʔayuwhat).' \sd basketry \lg JPH \rf 89.651.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yəw \hm 2 \ps v \ge good luck to, be \de to be good luck to \ee Notice the use of the object affix as interpreted as the subject. \cf ʔaqniyəwus \ce abundance \cf aqniyəwus \ce to will; to desire \xv 1. no ʔan tsyəwit \xe 'I have good luck in a game.' \xv 2. kikə ʔan tsyəwiyuw \xe 'we have good luck.' \sd gaming \lg JPH \rf 89.651.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yəwəš \a yəwə̀š \rd yəwyəwəʔəš \hm 1 \ps n \ge head \ge face \de head; face \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv yəwəšiwaš \pde head.DEPR; face.DEPR \pdl n \pdv yəwəts \pde head.DIM; face.DIM \cf aliyəwəš \ce head of bed \cf yəwəšiwaš \ce head that is no good; skull; doll head \cf yəwəšpi \ce to put one's head against \xv 1. šikyəwəš \xe 'my head.' \xv 2. šipyəwəš \xe 'thy face.' \xv 3. tšyəwəš \xe 'his head.' \xv 4. tsyəwəts \xe 'his little head.' \xv 5. yəwəšʔiwaš \xe 'a head that is no good (skull or doll's head).' \xv 6. tšyə́wəš ʔišaqšanutš \xe 'skull.' \xv 7. heʔišyəwəš ʔisxət \xe 'head of the penis' (idiom). \xv 8. kalotoyi hešikyəwəš ʔan tsaqutikumelus milimoł \xe 'I am lying with my head to the north.' \xv 9. ʔalahusiyapəti loʔisʔəł lokalamesa kihusitapinus heʔišyəwəš \xe 'see if the lice do not crawl up the leg of the table again and get on his head, they will go along with him to heaven.' \xv 10. hesikawkawiyaʔa ʔan tsiyimey heʔisiyəwyəwəʔəš ʔiswu \xe 'the Kawiya stroke their heads with grease.' \xv 11. masəx ʔiswanaʔał šitšotšonəʔəš ʔan xaxaʔax ʔišiyəwyəwəʔəš, ʔan lokasitətəʔə ʔan mukpošʰotš \xe 'there are three kinds of big-headed fish but I don’t know the names of them.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.124.3; 94.387.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx yəwəš \hm 2 \ps v \ge deep, be \de to be deep \sy axułkuy \xv 1. tšyəwəš \xe 'it is a deep place' (or swimming hole in a river). \xv 2. lokaʔałyəwəš \xe 'a deep (swimming) pool.' \xv 3. ʔiti ʔan tšyəwəšwaš \xe 'there used to be a deep place here' (in the river). \xv 4. hukaqiwəwə lošaʔałyəwəš \xe 'I am going to go swim in that deep [place in a river].' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.654.1-655.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx yəwəšʔiwaš \cf yəwəšiwaš \ce head that is no good; skull; doll head \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yəwəšiwaš \a yəwəšʔiwaš \va (yəwəšʔiwaš) \ps n \ge skull \ge head that is no good \ge doll head \de head that is no good; skull; doll head \mr [] \cf yəwəš1 \ce head; face \sd anatomy \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.387.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yəwəšpi \ps v \ge put one's head against \de to put one's head against \mr [] \cf yəwəš1 \ce head; face \xv 1. kyəwəšpi sikaxon \xe 'I put my head on or against a box.' \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.656.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yəwəts \ps n \ge head.DIM \ge face.DIM \de head.DIM; face.DIM \cf yəwəš1 \ce head; face \sd diminutives \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yəwyəwəʔəš \ps n \ge head.REDUP \de face.REDUP \cf yəwəš1 \ce head; face \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yik \ps vt \ge give \de to give \ee This verb is used with third person objects only. \cf axyik \ce to feed \cf ikš \ce to give; to hand to \cf taʔaw \ce to give (away) \xv 1. kyikus \xe 'I gave it to him.' \xv 2. pyikus \xe 'you gave it to him.' \xv 3. tsyikus \xe 'he gave it to him.' \xv 4. yikus [ͼsic.] hałwaštʔuyaš ! \xe 'give them line!' (in fishing). \xv 5. hukyikus hesixəp losiqunup \xe 'I am going to give this stone to that boy.' \xv 6. pyikus hałhuspełwe lokaʔalaxtskumu \xe 'thou shalt give a sleeping place to the wanderer.' \xv 7. kəpə ʔan neʔemuksuyasinayiʔiy hałʔeqey, tsiyʔuw siksələyət, tšiyušxaxš hekakʰintaštaʔaš, musʔił hałkaxkat kimusʔił lukałyikuswu \xe 'I am not going to keep chickens any longer, they eay my siembras and scratch up my plants and I have no swill to give them.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manners \lg JPH \rf 89.656.3-657.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yitimasəx \cf yətimasəx \ce seven \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yitipakeʔes tskaʔaškom \ps num \ge five hundred \de five hundred \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \cf yətipakeʔes \ce five \xv 1. tsʔip lokaqunup husikum siʔałnunapala yitipakeʔes tskaʔaškom \xe 'he says that 500 Pala Indians are coming.' \sd numbers \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 90.26.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yitiyʔiškom̓ \cf yətiʔiškom̓ \ce six \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yok \ps n \ge band-tailed pigeon \ge pigeon, band-tailed \de band-tailed pigeon \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.473.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx yop \rd yopyop2 \ps n \ge tar \ge asphaltum \ge asphaltum and resin mixture \ge resin and asphaltum mixture \de asphaltum; asphaltum and resin mixture; tar \gn brea \dn brea \ee While this could refer to an asphaltum and pine resin mixture, it was also the general term used for all types of asphaltum. See also Hudson & Blackburn (1987: 163 167). \cf malak \ce soft asphaltum \cf woqo1 \ce solid asphaltum \cf yopyop2 \ce place with much tar \xv 1. tsaqniʔip siyop \xe 'it has a tarry taste.' \xv 2. ikšit lokatasa kałʔiyuiqipš ʔiswałwaʔał ! \xe 'give me the plugged holed shell!' \xv 3. tsamsutiqipus loʔiswałwaʔał tsamsunuwus siyop \xe 'the holes of the abalone shell are plugged with tar.' \xv 4. huksutiqipwu heʔiswałwaʔał huksunuwus siyop \xe 'I am going to plug the holes of the abalone shell with tar.' \sd ocean \sd elements \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.267.4, 658.3-660.2 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx yopyop \hm 1 \ps n \ge mockingbird \de mockingbird \ee Despite being translated as "mockingbird," the description of this bird is not very fitting of this bird: "having a bluish belly and a grey back with black predominating. Its beak is long and curved." \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.473.2-474.1 \dt 28/Jun/2019 \lx yopyop \hm 2 \ps n \ge place with much tar \de place with much tar \mr [] \cf yop \ce asphaltum; asphaltum and resin mixture; tar \sd places \lg JPH \rf 89.659.4 \dt 04/Aug/2018 \lx -yoqo- \a yoqon \a yoxo \va (-yoqon-, -yoxo-) \ps vroot \ge related to spinning \de related to spinning \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ –yoxon- ‘spinning or agitating’ (SYBCI 2007: 457) \cf ʔałʔałtipoyoqotš \ce professional (shell money) borer \cf tipoyoqo \ce to bore (shell money) \cf tipoyoqonəʔəš \ce drill; gimlet \cf tipoyoqotš \ce to bore \cf ušyoxo \ce to rile; to make murky \cf ušyoxotš \ce to be murky \sd vroots \sd roots \sd economics \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yowyow \ps n \ge animal \ge devil \de animal; devil \ee Harrington states that this word is Barbareño. However, it appears in Ventureño data. \cf nunašəš \ce devil; demon; wild animal \cf šiš \ce animal \sd animals \sd dialects \lg JPH \rf 89.661.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx yoxko \cf yoxkon \ce to kneel \sd variations \dt 28/Jun/2019 \lx yoxkon \a yoxko \ps v \ge kneel \de to kneel \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv yoxkonpi \pde to kneel.APL.LOC \xv 1. hukyoxkon \xe 'I kneel' (as if to pray). \xv 2. tsamyoxkon \xe 'all are kneeling.' \xv 3. kʰyoxkonpi \xe 'I knelt on' (a box, or anything). \xv 4. kʰyoxko \xe 'I knelt.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd position \lg JPH \rf 89.660.3-4 \dt 28/Jun/2019 \lx -yoxo- \cf -yoqo- \ce related to spinning \sd variations \dt 09/Sep/2011 \lx yoyok \ph jɔjɔk \ps v \ge long, be \de to be long \cf yoyokutš \ce to be trough-shaped \xv 1. tsyoyokʰ \xe 'it is long' (said of a dish or trough shape). \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.658.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx yoyokutš \ps v \ge trough-shaped, be \de to be trough-shaped \mr [] \cf yoyok \ce to be long \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.658.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx yuł- \a yut- \va (yut-) \ps vpre \ge by reddening \ge INSTR.reddening \de by reddening \ee Glossed as INSTR.reddening. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI yul- ‘of/with/by heat,’ CRZ yul- in yulmitʼi ‘to be angry,’ INZ yul- ‘of/with heat’ (Wash 2011: 54; Beeler & Klar 1977: 72; Applegate 1972: 353) \mr [] \cf itšyułtʔuł \ce to be mad at \cf yułkitwo \ce to have acne; to have pimples \cf yułtəqitš \ce to pluck one’s eyebrows \cf yułtʔuł \ce to be angry \cf yutoxto \ce to have chills; to be feverish; to shiver \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx yułkitwo \ps n \ge acne, have \ge pimples, have \de to have acne; to have pimples \mr [] \cf aqʔus \ce to have sores \cf itsikuw \ce ?to have boils; ?to have ingrown hairs \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. kyułkiwo hesiktəq \xe 'I have a lot of pimples.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.663.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx yułtəqitš \ps v \ge pluck one’s eyebrows \de to pluck one’s eyebrows \mr [] \cf təq \ce eye/face \xv 1. kyułtəqitš \xe 'I pluck my eyebrows.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.664.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yułtʔuł \a yułtuł \a yułtʔùł \va (yułtuł) \ps v \ge angry, be \de to be angry \ee Can also be said of a rough sea. \mr [] \cf itšyułtʔuł \ce to be mad at \cf nisuyułtuł \ce to make angry \xv 1. tsyułtuł lokaxʔanwa \xe 'that woman is angry.' \xv 2. tšiyʔuwš sinawa siyułtʔuł \xe 'they sting people when they are angry.' \xv 3. tsip tsʔeyewu heʔištəq hesaʔałmaxuyułkuw, lakʰan ʔisyułtʔuł ʔan tsoxkonono \xe 'his eyes shine in the dark and when he gets mad he makes a cry.' \xv 4. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tskitwo ʔałyułtʔuł kisʰuwatiqip \xe 'the man went out mad and slammed the door.' \xv 5. kʔipus lokaʔatʔaxatš kimuhušnikʔotiʔiy ʔiti \xe 'I told him to never come back here any more.' \xv 6. tsyułtuł simuwu \xe 'the sea is rough.' \xv 7. no ʔan kyułtuł kəwə pi ʔan ptaktəlit \xe 'I am mad because you fought me.' \xv 8. latšə ʔisyułtʔuł lošaʔatʔaxatš, latšə ʔištšyułtʔuł lokašʰatiwə \xe 'he is angry all the time, he is angry at his wife.' \xv 9. no ʔan kitšyułtʔuł \xe 'I am mad at him.' \xv 10. pi ʔan pitšyułtʔulit \xe 'you are angry at me.' \sd emotions \sd stative \sd verbs \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 89.664.2-666.1; 92.406.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx yułtšxalatš \ps v \ge abcess (on one's neck), have an \ge have an abcess (on one's neck) \de to have an abcess (on one's neck) \mr [] \xv 1. kyułtšxalatš \xe 'I have a sore on the side of my neck with matter in it.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.666.2; 92.407.1 \dt 24/Sep/2019 \lx yumyumaʔa \ps n \ge yuma (people) \de Yuma (people) \ee Non reduplicated form not found. \xv 1. lokayumyumaʔa ʔan naštəʔəʔə musʔił tsiyʔaxwi \xe 'the Yuma do not wear clothes yet.' \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.174.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yum̓ \a yum \va (yum) \ps n \ge rat \de rat \ee Described as being three to four times as large as the 'ratón': 7 in (17.8 cm) long and 3-4 in (7.6-10.1 cm) wide. Its ears were larger than the Ϟráton and its tail was thicker and longer. It had no bushy tail, was white, and lived wherever it could in the woods. It made a hemispherical nest. Fernando Librado thought that the people learned to make their houses from this animal. \xv 1. tsexwewewek sipapeł lokayum \xe 'the rat tears the paper up into tiny shreds or pieces with the teeth.' \xv 2. loʔkasinikʰululu kayúm̓ ʔan xaʔàx ʔišušitaxmàš \xe 'the rumble of the rats is very peculiar.' \sd animals \sd mammals \lg TJPH \rf 71.882.1; 89.529.3 \dt 07/Jan/2019 \lx yuq \rd yuqyuq \ps v \ge hiccough \de to hiccough \xv 1. no ʔan kyuq \xe 'I give a hiccough.' \xv 2. no ʔan kyuqyuq \xe 'I give hiccoughs repeatedly.' \sd onomatopoeia \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.661.3 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx yuq- \a yux- \va (yux-) \ps vpre \ge by slenderness \ge slenderness, by \de by slenderness \ee Glossed as INSTR.slenderness. \cf aliyuxmeʔe \ce to lie with one's legs sticking straight out \cf yuqmitʔi \ce to be slender \cf yuqspək \ce to be long-shinned; to be long-legged; to have long legs/shins \cf yuqtsʔewhe \ce to draw one's belly in \cf yuqtsʔətsʔə \ce to run to a fine point \cf yuxmeʔe \ce to have one’s legs extended straight out \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yuqmitʔi \ps v \ge slender, be \de to be slender \mr [] \cf mitʔi \ce to be small; to be young; to be small in quantity or intensity \xv 1. tsyuqsmitʔi heʔisʔəł kaheʔišnuxš \xe 'it has slender legs and nose.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.661.4-662.1 \dt 22/Jun/2019 \lx yuqspək \ps v \ge long-legged, be \ge long-shinned, be \ge legs/shins, to have long \de to be long-shinned; to be long-legged; to have long legs/shins \ee Harrington contradicts himself in this entry by defining the word as referring to slenderness, then by explicitly saying that the word was not used for slenderness. This verb may or may not indicate connotations of slenderness along with denotations of length. \mr [] \cf pək \ce shin; front of the leg from knee to ankle \xv 1. tsyuqspək \xe 'he has long shins.' \xv 2. tsyuqʰspəkʰ \xe 'it is long-legged.' \xv 3. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔałyuqʰspək \xe 'long-legged bird.' \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.259.3, 662.2-4; 90.358.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx yuqtsʔewhe \ps v \ge draw one's belly in \ge belly in, draw one's \de to draw one's belly in \mr [] \cf ʔewhey̓ \ce small winnowing basket \xv 1. tsyuqtsʔewhe \xe 'I draw my belly in.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.663.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx yuqtsʔətsʔə \ps v \ge run to a fine point \de to run to a fine point \ee Harrington notes that his speaker did not know this word, but that it is probably okay. \mr [] \cf ʔałtsʔətsʔə \ce smth with a long point; smth sharp \cf tsʔə \ce to be spicy; to be hot (as is said of food); to burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \cf tsʔətsʔə \ce to be sharp \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.663.2 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx yuqyuq \ps v \ge hiccough.REDUP \de to hiccough.REDUP \cf yuq \ce to hiccough \sd reduplications \dt 09/Mar/2011 \lx yuš \a yus \va (yus-) \ps v \ge gather \ge pull out \de to gather; to pull out \ee This is said of is said of pulling grass out of the ground or of branches off a tree. \cf yuštəł \ce to bring ashore \xv 1. kyuš \xe 'I pull up wild grass with my hand.' \xv 2. neʔeyušaš \xe 'it is pulled up.' \xv 3. kakitšoho kikiyus ʔištałhəw sixaw \xe 'we finished and we gathered willow saplings.' \sd plants \sd nature \sd animals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.667.2; 92.408.2; WeirC7-8 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yuštəł \ps v \ge bring ashore \de to bring ashore \mr [] \cf yuš \ce to gather; to pull out \xv 1. loʔkatšumtšumàš laʔkʰan ʔišiyuštəł sipaxàt šaʔalaqʰšà kʔùwe tsisuwakaʔàp \xe 'the Cruzeño, when they see a dead whale, they bring it ashore and set it down.' \sd ocean \sd water \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Harrington 1986: 3.71.920.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yut- \va (yuł-) \ps vpre \de by reddening \ee Glossed as INSTR.reddening. \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ yul- ‘of/with heat’ (Applegate 1972: 353) \mr [] \cf yuł- \ce by reddening \cf yutoxto \ce to have chills; to be feverish; to shiver \lg TJPH \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx yutoxto \ps v \ge have chills (from a fever) \ge feverish, be \ge shiver \de to have chills; to be feverish; to shiver \mr [] \cf oxto \ce to feel cold; to be cold (said of a person) \xv 1. kyutoxto \xe 'I have chills or ague.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.667.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx yutʔuxš \a yuxtuxš \va (yuxtuxš) \ps v \ge smell smth \de to smell smth \mr [] \cf uxš \ce to stink; to smell bad; to smell strongly \xv 1. kyutʔuxš \xe 'I smell (something).' \xv 2. no ʔan hukyutʔuxš \xe 'I am going to smell of it.' \xv 3. kyutʔuxš ʔispeʔey \xe 'I am smelling a flower.' \xv 4. tšyutuxš hesulamʔuw \xe 'he is smelling the food.' \xv 5. tšʰyutʔuxš lokakawayu \xe 'the horse is sniffing at something.' \xv 6. ʔapi nitšiyutšʔuxš hałtšaqšanutš sikawauy \xe 'to see if they can smell the dead horse.' \xv 7. hukuliʔiš hešiknuxš, kimuhukyutʔuxš hałwaxanəš \xe 'I am going to hold my nose so that I won’t smell the shit.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.667.1-669.1; 92.408.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx yux- \va (yuq-) \ps vpre \de by slenderness \mr [] \cf yuq- \ce by slenderness \cf aliyuxmeʔe \ce to lie with one's legs sticking straight out \cf yuxmeʔe \ce to have one’s legs extended straight out \sd variations \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx yuxmeʔe \ps v \ge legs extended straight out, have one’s \de to have one’s legs extended straight out \mr [] \cf aliyuxmeʔe \ce to lie with one's legs sticking straight out \xv 1. kyuxmeʔe \xe 'I have my legs extended straight out' ; 'I stick my legs straight out.' \xv 2. kaliyuxmeʔe \xe 'I am lying down in bed with my legs sticking straight out.' \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.195.3, 666.3-4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx yuxnuts \ps n \ge hummingbird \de hummingbird \gn chupaflores \dn chupaflores \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI yuxnuts ⁓ yuknuts, ‘hummingbird,’ CRZ yuxnuts ⁓ yuqnuts, ‘hummingbird,’ PUY yoxnuts̓u̥ ‘hummingbird’ (Whistler 1980: 43; Beeler and Klar 1977: 98; Harrington 1986: 3.6.545, 3.71.472.1) \xv 1. loʔkayuxnuts ʔan tsaxtipałyət ʔišʔapʰš loʔkatspeʔèy \xe 'the hummingbird sucks the nectar from the flowers.' \xv 2. tsʰwatenhes kinupan tšnaʔał \xe 'it hovers to rest and then it darts.' \xv 3. tšuštałnałtšəšì \xe 'it is very active.' \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.80.1; 71.477.2-480.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx -V \va (a-, -e, -ə, -i) \ps suf \ge VZ.I \de verbalizing suffix \ee This suffix is glossed as VZ.I. \cf ʔəməhə \ce to be quiet \cf ʔutʔamu \ce to be flooded (said of a river) \cf aqləwə \ce to swallow; to ingest \cf ištəhə \ce to measure on one’s hand; to measure against one’s hand \cf kʔukʔuye \ce to shoulder smth; to carry smth on the shoulder \cf mowho \ce to be sweet \cf nəhə \ce to burn \cf nunašəši \ce to be like animals \cf puyhu \ce to dew; to have dew fall \cf qawawaha \ce to be winged \cf səʔəməhə \ce to hush; to make quiet \cf sunupahani \ce to renovate \cf supiwe \ce to charge high prices \cf susqawawha \ce to extend one’s arms straight out from the shoulder \cf šałyəwə \ce to work (in some occupation) \cf tipo \ce to be salty \cf toqʔololi \ce to carry under the arm \sd suffixes \sd nsuffixes \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -VʔVš \a -aʔaš \a -aʔàš \a -əʔəš \va (-aʔaš) \ps suf \ge NZ.INSTR \de instrumental nominalizing suffix \ee This suffix changes a verb into a instrumental noun. \cf ʔałʔałpelonušaʔaš \ce shearer \cf ʔalewšaʔnəʔəš \ce smth related to peon \cf ʔałhašəʔəš \ce language; word \cf ʔapətəʔəš \ce sole of foot \cf ʔapišaʔaš \ce wood gathering strap \cf ʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \ce arrow straightener \cf ʔaqkʔapəʔəš \ce smth long and thin that grasps items; tweezers; tongs; pliers; chopsticks \cf ʔaqləwənəʔəš \ce gullet; Adam's apple \cf ʔaqmilaʔaš \ce drinking cup \cf ʔaqnipaʔaš \ce taste \cf ʔaqšanəʔəš \ce disease; epidemic \cf ʔaqyoyonəʔəš \ce Adam's apple \cf ʔaštipilaʔaš \ce thickness \cf ʔatšʔəšəʔəš \ce tweezers for plucking beard hair \cf ʔaxipeneʔeš \ce instrument for carving \cf ʔaxitšaʔaš \ce weapon (for war) \cf ʔaxtəməmənəʔəš \ce bullroarer \cf ʔaxwititinaʔaš \ce throwing stick \cf ʔełtšeʔeš \ce bundle \cf ʔešeʔeš \ce mat \cf ʔəkəʔəš \ce grass stuffed in mouth \cf ʔikpawəʔəš \ce carrying ring (for the head) \cf ʔikukaʔaš \ce pecking instrument \cf ʔilikʔeneʔeš \ce buttocks \cf ʔiwontštəʔəš \ce sound \cf ʔoxšoləʔəš \ce chamber pot; piss pot \cf ʔoxtokokəʔəš \ce toaster; utensil for toasting \cf ʔulišmu \ce handle \cf ʔuškikaʔaš \ce scratching instrument \cf ʔušpayəʔəš \ce digging instrument \cf ʔušqʰaləʔəš \ce wedge \cf ʔuštʔeyeʔeš \ce antenna \cf ʔušwekeyeʔeš \ce broom \cf ʔušweleneʔeš \ce stirrer \cf ʔutʔawəʔəš \ce smth for hunting small game \cf ʔuweneʔeš \ce things used; things needed \cf ʔuxmałhinaʔaš \ce washboard \cf ʔuxmałtapəʔəš \ce ramrod \cf ʔuxpuyaʔaš \ce blowhole; instrument for sprinkling floor \cf ʔuxšaʔaš \ce smell \cf ʔuxtšʔəkəʔəš \ce spittoon \cf hinhinaʔaš \ce belonging; thing \cf ilikʔenšteʔeš \ce well-being \cf iwexeʔeš \ce stone held in hand when pounding up dried meat \cf kuyaməʔəš \ce chair; seat \cf kʔuyətaʔaš \ce adornment \cf maqwayanəʔəš \ce swing \cf mexweneʔeš \ce grindstone \cf məyəʔəš \ce wedding gift \cf moləʔəš \ce parching tray \cf naləʔəš \ce direction \cf nowonəʔəš \ce custom \cf pelonušaʔaš \ce to shear; to be in the shearer \cf pənəʔəš \ce ladle; dipper \cf pulaʔaš \ce instrument for digging (such as was used for digging brodiaea bulbs) \cf puləʔəš \ce digging stick \cf qilałmušaʔaš \ce mirror \cf qonəʔəš \ce plaything \cf saxtəməmənəʔəš \ce bullroarer; buzzer \cf šapəškəwənəʔəš \ce bailing instrument \cf šapuškeyeʔeš \ce hook; chia hook \cf šaqškʔunapayəʔəš \ce fishing tackle \cf šaxšilaʔaš \ce fishhook \cf šimałtələʔəš \ce snare; lasso \cf šinayəʔəš \ce trap; pole snare; deathfall trap \cf šiwałqlayəʔəš \ce smoothing instrument \cf šiwełmešeʔeš \ce shuttle (for weaving) \cf šukowowonəʔəš \ce instrument held slanting; bow held slanting \cf šukumušaʔaš \ce measuring device; measurement \cf šukupinaʔaš \ce candle; light \cf šunapayəʔəš \ce stove lid lifter \cf šunuwušaʔaš \ce tool; things used (such as tools) \cf šuweneʔeš \ce sedative; morphine \cf takwənaʔaš \ce ?instrument for crushing islay \cf təmhənəʔəš \ce rock thrower \cf təqšəʔəš \ce color \cf timešeʔeš \ce buttonhook (for shoes); fastener \cf tipəšəʔəš \ce needle \cf tipoyoqonəʔəš \ce drill; gimlet \cf tišəpəʔəš \ce narrator of myths \cf tiwałtšmuyuyhunaʔaš \ce blankets wrapped about oneself \cf tšotšiyaləʔəš \ce grating instrument for soap plant \cf tšotšonəʔəš \ce fish \cf tšoxšoləʔəš \ce urethra; tube urine comes out through \cf tštapušaʔaš \ce foreshaft of arrow \cf uqtʔawəyəʔəš \ce soapstone slab used for cooking torillas or toasting grains \cf ušqaləʔəš \ce wedge \cf ušqoyinaʔaš \ce tool for removing shellfish (from the shell) \cf walaməšəʔəš \ce weight (of smth) \cf waqšikušaʔaš \ce pen; pencil; paintbrush \cf wašnałnaləʔəš \ce pointing \cf waxanəʔəš \ce large intestine (said particularly of cow) \cf wayinaʔaš \ce smth used in winter \cf weleneʔeš \ce stirring stick \cf wələʔəš1 \ce harpoon \cf ?wələʔəš2 \ce to set a stake of money \cf wəpəʔəš \ce whip; flail; swing-stick device \cf wikʰaləʔəš \ce adze \cf wikʰonononəʔəš \ce tool for loosening earth \cf winoqšəʔəš \ce ax \cf wipeneʔeš \ce hoe \cf xaxəʔəš \ce bigness; fatness \sd suffixes \sd nominalizers \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -VʔVtš \a -uʔutš \va (-uʔutš) \ps suf \ge VZ.PROP.REDUP \de verbalizing property suffix.REDUP \ee Glossed as VZ.PROP.REDUP. \cf -Vtš \ce property verbalizing suffix \lg TJPH \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx -Vš \a -aš \a -eš \a -əš \va (-aš, -eš, -əš) \ps suf \ge RESL \de resultative suffix \ee Indicating that which has been V'ed or that which has undergone V'ing (see also Applegate 1970: 213). This affix generally derives a noun from a verb. Glossed as RESL. \sd suffixes \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -Vtš \a -atš \a -ətš \a -itš \a -otš \a -tš \a -utš \va (-atš, -ətš, -itš, -otš, -tš, -utš) \ps suf \ge VZ.PROP \de property verbalizing suffix \ee Glossed as VZ.PROP. \cf aqiwohotš \ce to be dizzy \cf nalutš \ce place where smth/smn has gone; track; trail \cf netnetuʔutš \ce to befall; to happen to \cf soxnohotš \ce to suspect \cf šahatš \ce to have good teeth \xv 1. ʔap ; ʔalapʰanitš \xe 'living place; house' ; 'resident; smn (living) in a house.' \sd suffixes \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -◌̓ \cf -ʔ \ce imperative verb suffix \sd variations \lg TJPH \dt 10/Jul/2018