The alkaloids of Platydesma campanulata Mann

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1962
Authors
Werny, Frank
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Abstract
Of the approximately 1300 species of the Rutaceae fewer than twenty percent have been investigated for the presence or absence of alkaloids. According to a survey published in 1955,[7] one hundred and seventy-three species had been examined; of these. seventy-four gave a positive test for alkaloids while ninety-nine gave a negative test. By 1959 the number of rutaceous species in which alkaloids bad been detected bad risen to one hundred and eighty-one.[8] On the basis of these surveys it would seem that the family Rutaceae is a moderately promising source of alkaloids. Normally, a given plant family will produce alkaloids of a certain structural type. For example, alkaloids which have been isolated from Apocynaceae are structurally related to indole (I) while those from Papaveraceae are related to isoquinoline (II). The behavior of the Rutaceae is in sharp contrast to this norm. Among the molecular species which have been isolated are evodiamine (indole type, I), berberine (isoquinoline type, II), melicopine (acridone type, III), dictamnine (furoquinoline type, IV), and arborine (quinazolone type, V). It therefore was of interest to investigate an Hawaiian representative of the family. In a preliminary survey the presence of alkaloids was detected in all three Hawaiian genera.[9] One species of the widely distributed genus Fegara has been investigated more closely.[10] The genus Platydesma was chosen for closer scrutiny because it is wholly endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and the species campanulata was selected since it promised a reasonable supply of raw material. Some genera which are closely related to Platydesma have been found to contain alkaloids. A species of Medicosma yielded medicosmine (VI),[4] and a species of Choisya yielded skimmianine (VII), evoxine (VIII), and an alkaloid (C19H21O5N) of undetermined structure.[5] All three alkaloids are elaborations of the dictamnine skeleton (IX) and Platydesma might possibly yield alkaloids which are related to dictamnine. About a dozen other substituted dictamnines have been isolated from Rutaceous plants.11 Furoquinolines constitute perhaps the most characteristic group of alkaloids isolated from Rutaceae. Dictamnine itself is physiologically active against urogenital diseases [12] and has pharmacochemical properties. [13] Derivatives of this base may therefore be reasonably expected to exhibit physiological activity. An investigation of the alkaloids of Plat1desma campanulata is therefore of interest to the chemist because of the variety of alkaloid types which occur in Rutaceae; to the botanist because chemical knowledge may assist him in attempts to correlate chemical structure of plant constituents with plant morphology[14] and taxonomy;[15] and to the pharmacologist because Platydesma campapulata may produce physiologically active alkaloids.[16] The object of this research was to isolate pure alkaloids from Platydesma campapulata and to determine molecular structures of the principal constituents.
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Typescript.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1963.
Bibliography: leaves [78]-85.
vii, 85, [1] l diagrs., tables
Keywords
Alkaloids, Platydesma campanulata
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Theses for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (University of Hawaii (Honolulu)). Chemistry; no. 36
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