http://hdl.handle.net/10125/974 Tue, 21 May 2013 22:01:23 GMT 2013-05-21T22:01:23Z http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:80/bitstream/id/2799/PacSci.jpg http://hdl.handle.net/10125/974 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/12592 Sun, 01 Jan 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/12592 1989-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1234 Sun, 01 Oct 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1234 1989-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1233 PRZM was employed to simulate deep leaching of three fumigant chemicals beneath a central Oahu pineapple field. Our results suggest that PRZM, although not deployed here within the range of conditions for which the model was developed, can be a useful tool for making pesticide leaching assessments in Hawaii. Sun, 01 Oct 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1233 1989-10-01T00:00:00Z Loague, Keith; Giambelluca, Thomas W; Green, Richard E; Liu, Clark CK; Liang, Tony C; Oki, Delwyn S http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1232 A total of 73 phyllosoma larvae of slipper or spiny lobster species and one nisto stage were collected about 20 km off the southwest coast of Oahu between August 1977 and October 1978. Larvae of Arctides regalis, Scyllarus aurora, Scyllarides squammosus, Panulirus marginatus, and Panulirus penicillatus, all found as adults in the Hawaiian Islands, were present in the samples. In addition, larvae of Scyllarus demani and another species tentatively identified as Panulirus longipes femoristriga, not recorded as adults in the Hawaiian Islands, were present. The unidentified nisto, possibly of the Hawaiian slipper lobster, Scyllarus aurora, is described and illustrated. Sun, 01 Oct 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1232 1989-10-01T00:00:00Z Phillips, BF; McWilliam, PS http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1231 Eight species of Dasyaceae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) are reported from the Hawaiian Islands, extending the geographic range for six of the species into the central North Pacific. The species are Heterosiphonia crispella, Eupogodon anastomosans, Eupogodon iridescens, Eupogodon pilosus, Dasya baillouviana, Dasya collinsiana, Dasya corymbtfera, and Dasya iyengarii. Heterosiphonia crispella (as H. wurdemannii var. laxa) and D. baillouviana were previously listed from Hawaii. Sun, 01 Oct 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1231 1989-10-01T00:00:00Z Schlech, Kristen E; Abbott, Isabella A http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1230 Concentrations of chlorophyll a (chl a), particulate carbon (PC), and particulate nitrogen (PN) measured on a weekly basis in the picoplankton and nano-plus-microplankton size fractions over a 2-yr period from 1986 to 1988 at a station near a former sewage outfall in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, were compared to similar data collected in 1970, 1972, 1974, and 1976-1977 while sewage was being discharged into the bay, and in 1978-1979 immediately after diversion of the sewage. Particulate concentrations showed considerable temporal variability both within and between years. High concentrations were associated with periods of above-average rainfall. Heavy rains that occurred during two successive periods of spring tides produced chl a concentrations of over 40 mg m-3 in January 1988, almost four times the highest concentration measured during the period of sewage discharges. Nutrients from land runoff as well as from decomposition of organisms killed by salinity stress were the apparent cause of this spectacular bloom. The bloom consisted almost entirely of nanoplankton and microplankton, but picoplankton accounted for 45 ± 14% of the chl a during the remainder of the 1986-1988 study. Phytoplankton C:N ratios were apparently unaffected by diversion of sewage from the bay and averaged within 10% of the Redfield ratio. This result implies that phytoplankton were growing at close to nutrient-saturated rates both before and after the sewage diversion. Nutrient budget calculations indicated that most of the growth has been supported by recycling within the bay. Phytoplankton C: chl and N: chl ratios estimated by regression analyses increased after the sewage diversion, apparently in response to the increase in average irradiance in the water column caused by the decline in seston concentrations. C: N ratios of picoplankton and nano-plus-microplankton under nutrient-saturated conditions were about 4.6 ± 0.3 and 6.2 ±O.8, respectively; the difference probably reflected the high concentration of nitrogen-containing pigments in some picoplankton. Sun, 01 Oct 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1230 1989-10-01T00:00:00Z Taguchi, Satoru; Laws, Edward A http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1229 Horizontal and vertical distribution of mollusks was studied in the rocky intertidal of Easter Island (27°09' S,109°26' W) in January and again in September 1986. Organisms are zoned from the upper to the lower intertidal. In the upper horizon dominant species are Nodilittorina pyramidalis pascua, Rehderella belyaevi, Nerita sp., and Planaxis akuana, together with crustaceans, decapods and echinoderms. In the middle horizon dominant species are Plaxiphora mercatoris, Dendropoma sp., Antisabia sp., and Pilosabia sp. Mid-horizon pools support algae; the only relatively abundant coral, Porites lobata; numerous gastropods such as Stomatella and Euplica; crustaceans; and echinoderms. In the lowest horizon Cypraea caputdraconis and Echinometra insularis are dominant. The latter species is a rock borer that builds "pots" forming microhabitats shared with other organisms. Some specimens of Dendropoma, Pocillopora, and Echinostrephus were also found in this horizon. No great differences in distribution of organisms among the south, northeast, and northwest sectors of the island were distinguished in an index of similarity. Distribution patterns at Easter Island are comparable with those in other tropical areas where the same families and genera are found. At Easter Island the species are different because of the high degree of endemism among the mollusks. Sun, 01 Oct 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1229 1989-10-01T00:00:00Z Osorio, Cecilia; Cantuarias, Victor http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1228 Recent volcanic activity near Kapa'ahu, Hawaii provided an opportunity to survey reef fish assemblages on submarine lava flows of three ages: 0.3 yr, 32 yr, and prehistoric. The results are used to examine development of these assemblages and influence of habitat characteristics on species distributions. Community-level analysis found clear differences between sites. Overall adult abundance and species richness increased with the age of the flow, but juvenile densities were highest on the youngest flow. Differences in abundances shown by many species may relate to habitat characteristics such as food availability, shelter, and conspecific densities. Sun, 01 Oct 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1228 1989-10-01T00:00:00Z Godwin, John R; Kosaki, Randall K http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1220 Sat, 01 Jul 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1220 1989-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1219 All known reef-building corals of the Philippines are listed in systematic order. Records are from original field studies combined with reevaluations of major taxonomic collections in Philippines universities. Field studies were conducted in 1986 and 1988 on reefs near Bolinao (Luzon), Puerto Galera (Mindoro), Mactan (Cebu), Apo Island (Negros), and EI Nido (Palawan), an area of over half the east-west and north-south extent of the country. Detailed studies were made of collections at the University of the Philippines (Marine Science Institute, Zoology Department, and Bolinao Marine Laboratory), the University of San Carlos, and Silliman University. Synonomies are proposed, based on reevaluations of all available type specimens that have the Philippines as type locality. All taxa are indexed. Sat, 01 Jul 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1219 1989-07-01T00:00:00Z Veron, JEN; Hodgson, Gregor http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1218 Reexamination of some previous collections of marine algae from the Northwest Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), also known as the Leeward Hawaiian Islands, and the addition of more recent collections have resulted in recognition of 48 taxa of Chlorophyta (green algae), with eight new records for the NWHI; 33 taxa of Phaeophyta (brown algae), with seven new records; and 124 species of Rhodophyta (red algae), of which 26 are new records for the NWHI. Among the 41 new records, 14 taxa are newly reported for the entire Hawaiian archipelago. Among the new records are Nemacystus decipiens, Halimeda copiosa, and H. velasquezii and among the microscopic algae Crouania mageshimensis. Total macroscopic marine flora consists of 205 taxa, a number close to the 222 species known from Eniwetak in the northern Marshall Islands. Proportions of greens and reds in the two places are markedly different, however, with more green and fewer red species in Eniwetak. Sat, 01 Jul 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1218 1989-07-01T00:00:00Z Abbott, Isabella A http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1217 A large sample of terminal (apical) twigs was marked in a l-yr study of crown growth of juvenile, early mature, and late mature Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. (Myrtaceae) trees. Populations of terminal twigs in upper crowns of juvenile, early, and late mature trees increased by 10%,33%, and 5%, respectively. Vegetative flushing occurred at all times of the year. Length of dormancy before bud-break was variable and not synchronized among twigs. Mature trees showed temporal peaks in flowering that were not the same for early and late mature trees. The greatest differences in crown growth processes among the three life states were associated with intensity of flowering and spatial organization of the region of high vegetative growth. Juvenile trees showed apical control with strong flushing in the upper branches, but a low rate of flushing and a high rate of twig death in the lower crown. They did not flower. Sampled branches of the two mature life states were divided into those that showed an increase in the number of terminal twigs (high growth) and those that did not (low growth). No spatial separation of the two groups was evident. Branches with low growth had higher rates of flowering, and rate of flowering was higher in late mature than in early mature trees. Rates of vegetative flushing were higher in trees in mature life states than in juvenile trees, indicating no reduction of meristematic activity with aging. In late mature trees, many of the twigs formed early in the sample year flushed a second time, producing inflorescences. Thus, the net increase in the number of twigs in their crowns was very small. Sat, 01 Jul 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1217 1989-07-01T00:00:00Z Gerrish, Grant http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1216 Sat, 01 Apr 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1216 1989-04-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1215 Sat, 01 Apr 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1215 1989-04-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1214 Present knowledge of the highest altitudinal limits of organisms and their causes is reviewed. Discussion focuses on subtropical latitudes (20- 30°) and altitudes above 4000 m. Methods used in high-altitude studies are limited by logistical and biological factors. Use of a comparative convergence-divergence method is encouraged. Terms such as "extreme" are inappropriate in the description of environments with moderate temperature amplitude, positive water balance, and rich soils but low atmospheric pressure. Characters such as slow productivity, frugal behavior, stress tolerance, crypts, large number of stomata, greater development of lungs and circulatory systems, hygromorphy, heliomorphy, protection, insularity, high diversity , and a decreasing plant/animal ratio are considered typical of organisms in these altitudes (hypsophily). Hypotheses explaining some of the characters are discussed. Sat, 01 Apr 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1214 1989-04-01T00:00:00Z Halloy, Stephan http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1213 The siphonous green alga Avrainvillea is reported for the first time in Hawaii. The Hawaiian specimens are described and compared to A. amadelpha (Mont.) Gepp and Gepp and other Avrainvillea species elsewhere in the world. Although Hawaiian Avrainvillea differ in siphon diameter from A . amadelpha from other locations, on the basis of other characteristics A. amadelpha is the proper identification. Avrainvillea may be an alien species in Hawaii; if so, its mode of introduction is unknown. Sat, 01 Apr 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1213 1989-04-01T00:00:00Z Brostoff, William N http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1212 The conidiogenous genus Briania is described as new with a single species, Briania fruticetum. Major characters of the Hawaiian fungus are erect setiform, branched phialophores formed in mycothickets on the surface of living leaves. The associated teleomorphic genus is Meliolina. Sat, 01 Apr 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1212 1989-04-01T00:00:00Z Reynolds, Don R http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1211 We conducted 57 transects along three routes in Waikiki from August through December 1986. Rock Doves, Zebra Doves, and House Sparrows, all alien species, accounted for approximately 80% of all birds observed. All three species were most common near the Honolulu Zoo and Fort DeRussy Beach Park. Distributions of all three species were significantly correlated with decreasing distance from the Honolulu Zoo, increasing human densities, and parklike habitats. Effects of distance, human density, and habitat characteristics were separated using multiple regression analysis. Rock Dove distributions were primarily affected by distance from the Honolulu Zoo, a major feeding and roosting site for Rock Doves. House Sparrow distributions were primarily affected by human densities, and secondarily by habitat characteristics. Zebra Dove distributions were primarily related to habitat characteristics. Sat, 01 Apr 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1211 1989-04-01T00:00:00Z Williams, Richard N; Fleischer, Robert C http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1210 Field and laboratory studies were conducted to describe the complex lek mating system of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Results of these studies indicate that there are two phases in the mating system: (1) lek behavior and (2) courtship. In the initial lek behavior phase, males acquire and defend territories that are used as courting sites for receptive females. An aggregation of these territories that form a communal display area is known as a "lek" and once a female enters the lek and arrives at the territory of a male, a series of courtship actions are reciprocated between the pair that may result in copulation. Descriptions of other environmental parameters that appear to be important features of the lek system are also presented. Sat, 01 Apr 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1210 1989-04-01T00:00:00Z Arita, Lorna H; Kaneshiro, Kenneth Y http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1209 We examined the feeding biology of two species of sculpins in the northeastern Gulf of Alaska. The blackfin sculpin (Malacocottus kincaidit fed primarily on benthic amphipods and nektobenthic shrimps, although it took a wide assortment of both infaunal and epifaunal organisms; it also displayed a tendency to feed within, as well as at, the sediment surface. The spinyhead sculpin (Dasycottus setigeri ate a less diverse suite of prey that was dominated by nektobenthic shrimps; no subsurface feeding was evident. Sat, 01 Apr 1989 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1209 1989-04-01T00:00:00Z Jewett, Stephen C; Day, Robert H; Feder, Howard M