http://hdl.handle.net/10125/8831 Sat, 25 May 2013 12:49:06 GMT 2013-05-25T12:49:06Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20920 Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.; The Kyoto protocol recognized the importance of the terrestrial sink of carbon and proposed schemes that allow countries to treat sequestered carbon as a commodity that can be traded for global environmental benefit. Carbon sequestration can be a win-win scenario because it also introduces a set of new benefits into dryland farming communities particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. The possibility, however, for agricultural producers to participate in the emerging market for tradable carbon-credits requires a reliable verification mechanism. Soil carbon inventories of many developing nations rely on a broad scale assessment. These approaches do not account for the spatial and temporal variability of soil carbon nor do they provide a measure of uncertainty associated with these assessments. This study proposed the use of Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) to quantify and map soil organic carbon at field scale in four agroecological zones of Mali, Sub-Saharan Africa. The prediction model comparisons using the mean error (ME) indicated that BME performed better than did the kriging methods (0.033, 0.41, respectively). BME prediction also provided a lower MSE representing a 25% reduction compared with Kriging, and 10% compared with cokriging. This study also demonstrated potential use of space---time covariances as tools to improve our understanding of spatial and temporal variability of soil organic carbon. Based on the temporal and spatial models maps were generated to predict mean trends. The estimation of tree biomass in Sub-Saharan Africa is important for an accurate assessment of the potential of these systems to capture and store carbon. The results show that tree carbon represented as much as 34% of the amount of organic carbon stored in soil surface (0-20 cm). Data from 2000 to 2006 indicated a net increase of soil organic carbon, which varied between 2.6 to 13.9 Mg ha-1. Despite the complexities that characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of most environmental processes, BME provides a framework to analyze both space and time components.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-208).; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; 208 leaves, bound 29 cm Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20920 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Querido, Antonio Luis Evora Ferreira http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20919 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.; Includes bibliographical references.; xiii, 75 leaves, bound 29 cm Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20919 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Toves, Peter J http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20918 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-120).; x, 120 leaves, bound col. ill. 29 cm Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20918 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z Teng, Emily Shih-wen http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20917 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2006.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-41).; vi, 41 leaves, bound col. ill. 29 cm Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20917 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Hodgin, Heather Mariel http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20916 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-130).; xiii, 130 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20916 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Le, Trang Thi Thuy http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20915 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-114).; vii, 114 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20915 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Kikuchi, Michelei K http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20914 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-80).; viii, 82 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20914 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z Savory, Elizabeth A http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20913 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2006.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-108).; xiv, 108 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20913 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Pattnaik, Rosalin http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20912 Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.; Measurements were made on yields, bean characteristics, specific leaf area, leaf temperature, leaf nutrient levels, nodal growth, organoleptic quality and photosynthetic response. Brewed coffee samples were analyzed using solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography to capture and analyze brewed coffee volatiles. These volatiles were used topredict organoleptic quality and group membership based on location, year of harvest and shade treatment. In addition, application of kaolin was explored using glass plates and slides to determine coverage and light transmittance.; Shading did not appreciably affect organoleptic quality. Furthermore, brewed coffee volatiles were not good predictors of organoleptic quality. However, with few to no misclassifications, the volatiles could accurately predict group membership.; Shading resulted in statistically different yields in the macadamia (16% of sun) and kaolin (199% of sun) treatments in the second year, although a negative, linear trend was observed with increased shading. The lack of significant differences in yields between the cloth shaded and sun treatments was likely a result of large yield variation. Bean sizes were generally larger in shaded treatments and only the percentage of defects and broken beans were lower for the kaolin treatment in the second year in Kunia. Kona bean sizes were larger in the sun treatment but no differences were observed in bean characteristics. Kaolin treated plants responded similarly to sun plants for most measurements, although the responses tended to be more extreme when compared to the shade cloth and macadamia treatments. Kaolin treated leaves were 3.4°C cooler than sun leaves and photosynthesized 71% more CO2 than sun plants.; To explore the effects of shade level and type on coffee in Hawai'i, Coffea arabica L. was shaded with varying degrees of black and aluminized shade cloth, macadamia trees, and a novel, spray-on shade composed mostly of kaolin. These treatments were compared to unshaded coffee. Two locations were used in this experiment: Kunia, O'ahu and Kona, Hawai'i. The shading was imposed after the first major flowering of the season and maintained for 2 complete harvests.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves xxx-xxx).; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; 78 leaves, bound 29 cm Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20912 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Steiman, Shawn R http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10550 Wed, 01 Dec 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10550 2004-12-01T00:00:00Z Maria, Ricardo M. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10549 Wed, 01 Dec 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10549 2004-12-01T00:00:00Z Tisdale, Tracy E.