http://hdl.handle.net/10125/627 Thu, 23 May 2013 15:52:48 GMT 2013-05-23T15:52:48Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1417 Wed, 01 Jul 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1417 1992-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1416 Wed, 01 Jul 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1416 1992-07-01T00:00:00Z Cowie, Robert H http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1415 Wed, 01 Jul 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1415 1992-07-01T00:00:00Z Grigg, Richard W http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1414 his is the third and final part of a multipart paper reporting testing of the EPA's Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) using data from Hawaii. PRZM is a dynamic-conceptual pesticide leaching model. In the first and second parts of the paper results were reported for predicted pesticide movement based upon preliminary PRZM simulations. In this part of the paper a trial-and-error calibration of PRZM is reported for a site in Hawaii. Performance results from the model calibration exercise are quite poor, illustrating the need for multicriteria evaluation procedures. Wed, 01 Jul 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1414 1992-07-01T00:00:00Z Loague, Keith http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1413 Naso caesius, a new unicornfish (Perciformes: Acanthuridae: Nasinae) is described from specimens from the Marshall Island s, Mariana Island s, Hawaiian Islands, and Pitcairn Group. Its occurrence in the Society Island s, New Caledonia, Fiji, and the Coral Sea is confirmed by underwater photographs. It is very similar to and has been confused with Naso hexacanthus, differing in having sma11er bladelike caudal spines that do not become sharply pointed and antrorse as on large male N. hexacanthus, a pale instead of black tongue, entirely pale lower-limb gill rakers (base of rakers blackish in N. hexacanthus), and in life color. It is bluish gray overa11 (not yellowish ventra11y as on N. hexacanthus) and lacks the black borders on the opercle and preopercle and the white lower lip usua11y seen on N. hexacanthus ;one common color phase, which can be rapidly assumed, has vertically elongate spots on the body that vary from paler to darker than the ground color. Naso thorpei Smith, known from one 314-mm specimen from Durban, South Africa, is questionably distinct from N. hexacanthus. Naso tapeinosoma (Bleeker) and N. vomer (Klunzinger) are probable junior synonyms of N. hexacanthus. Wed, 01 Jul 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1413 1992-07-01T00:00:00Z Randall, John E; Bell, Lori J http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1412 In Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, nehu (Hawaiian anchovy, Encrasicholina purpurea) eggs were found primarily in areas where water depth was > 10-12 m and were infrequently encountered near reefs, shorelines, or other shallow areas. Eggs were usually most abundant near the centers of one or both of the two large basins; the more enclosed southern basin usually accounted for the majority of the total eggs present. Nehu eggs were present throughout the year, but abundance was usually higher between July and February or March. There was considerable shorter time-scale variation in egg abundance, but there was no apparent underlying periodicity other than the annual cycle. Egg abundance was poorly correlated with measured environmental factors; the only potential relationship was that abundance tended to be low during the season of strong northeast trade winds. Egg abundance in Kaneohe Bay was poorly correlated with abundance in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, the other major area where nehu are found. Total numbers of eggs present in Kaneohe Bay reached about 109 during peaks. Based on available knowledge of nehu fecundity, spawning frequency, and sex ratio, the biomass of spawning females was about 2 t and that of all adults about 8 t during peaks of egg abundance. Catches of nehu by the skipjack tuna baitfishery were poorly correlated with estimates of adult standing crop, and most variation in catch was attributed to variation in effort. Annual catches, however, were about five times the highest estimates of adult biomass, and several monthly catches exceeded 8 t. The results indicate that postmetamorphic nehu move into and out of and perhaps between spawning and nursery areas such as Kaneohe Bay and that the total population is much larger than that present in enclosed areas at any given time. Consequently, further studies of the population dynamics of nehu and their interaction with the fishery should be conducted on an island-wide and probably archipelagowide basis. Wed, 01 Jul 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1412 1992-07-01T00:00:00Z Clarke, Thomas A http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1411 Net CO2 uptake at light saturation (Pmax) was measured (both area and weight basis) for leaves of four categories based on leaf age and branch position in juvenile and mature trees of Metrosideros polymorpha, a tropical, dicot evergreen species. Conductance, weight /area, and Nand P concentrations were also measured. In both juvenile and mature trees, Pmax was higher in terminal leaves 6-14 months old than in younger or older leaves. Low Pmax of leaves less than 6 months old was related to factors of immaturity, including low weight /area and low N concentration. Low Pmax of older and subterminal leaves was correlated with low N concentration related to withdrawal during leaf aging. This correlation was stronger in mature than in juvenile trees. Pmax was significantly lower, and nitrogen concentration and specific leaf weight were higher, in the sample of mature trees than in the juvenile tree sample (Pmax 5.89 and 4.99 molm- 2 S- 1 in juvenile and mature trees, respectively). Wed, 01 Jul 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1411 1992-07-01T00:00:00Z Gerrish, Grant http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1410 The Eke silversword, Argyroxiphium caliginis, is a rosette plant endemic to the summit bogs of Eke Crater and Puu Kukui, West Maui, Hawaii. On 2 November 1985, a belt transect across Eke Crater was used to estimate the population of silverswords on the summit bog. Total population of the Eke silversword on Eke Crater was estimated to be about 76,000 plants. Although the plant has been described as a branching shrub that reproduces vegetatively, the majority of the individuals in the sampled population of the Eke silversword on Eke Crater were unbranched, monocarpic plants that appeared to reproduce by seed. Wed, 01 Jul 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1410 1992-07-01T00:00:00Z Powell, Elizabeth Ann http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1409 Climates in Hawaii during glacial periods were relatively wetter and cooler than interglacial climates. Eolian deposits indicate that northeasterly trade winds predominated during glacial periods. Orographic rainfall patterns were probably similar to those of today except that they were shifted downward in response to lowered sea levels and a depressed inversion level. Botanical evidence indicates that some areas probably received more than double their current annual rainfall. Greater rainfall during glacial periods was probably responsible for the formation of highly weathered soils that are now in semiarid climates. More intense periglacial processes may have operated during glacial periods. Snowline on Mauna Kea was depressed about 900 m and glaciation may have occurred because of lower air temperature and greater cloudiness. Ocean temperature was probably also slightly cooler. At low elevations, interglacial climates were drier than glacial climates because of the influence higher sea levels had on orographic rainfall distribution. Trade winds still predominated but the inversion level was higher, which may have caused greater rainfall at high elevations. Pedological evidence indicates a highly erosive environment before the formation of the Kaena shoreline at about 650,000 yr ago. Climatic conditions at that time are not known. Subsequent environmental conditions have not been as conducive to erosion, and the past several hundred thousand years have witnessed relative landscape stability. Wed, 01 Jul 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1409 1992-07-01T00:00:00Z Gavenda, Robert T