http://hdl.handle.net/10125/532 Wed, 19 Jun 2013 15:12:47 GMT 2013-06-19T15:12:47Z http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:80/bitstream/id/1925/dieter.jpg http://hdl.handle.net/10125/532 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7395 Sat, 01 Apr 1967 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7395 1967-04-01T00:00:00Z Mueller-Dombois, D; Lamoureux, CH http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4182 This final report summarizes the more important results of a two year study of the ohia (Metrosideros collina subsp. polymorpha) rain forest, extending from within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park north across the east flank of Mauna Kea, Island Hawaii. The study focus was on the ohia dieback which occurs in many areas of this terrain. A 1:48,000 vegetation map was produced, which is included in selected copies of this report. In addition, an independent habitat classification was developed from physical soil and moisture regime differences occurring in the area. Over 35 ohia forest stands were sampled in detail for their ohia population structures and 39 releves were analyzed for their floristic content. Five different forms of dieback were recognized. Two of these, called the Dryland and Wetland Diebacks appear to be the more rapid and dramatic forms. Their causes are not from disease or insect attack, but are presumed to be from climatic triggers, acting through the soil. These diebacks are clearly associated with ohia-stand rejuvenation. A third form of dieback, here called Bog-formation Dieback, appears to be a slower form of stand dieback related to permanent site changes. An Ohia-displacement Dieback occurs in the Olaa Tract area, where tree ferns seem to gradually take over the habitats. Here the dieback cause appears to be overmaturity. Individual tree dieback, the fifth form of dieback, is found as an isolated, but common phenomenon in many non-dieback stands examined. All diebacks appear to have natural causes, which are suggested in detail. A new theory is presented, which proposes that there are a number of dynamic phases, including the dieback, which provide for the perpetuation of the shade-intolerant, dominant tree species (ohia) in this rainforest ecosystem. Reports were scanned in black and white at a resolution of 600 dots per inch and were converted to text using Adobe Paper Capture Plug-in. Thu, 01 Dec 1977 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4182 1977-12-01T00:00:00Z Mueller-Dombois, Dieter; Jacobi, James D; Cooray, Ranjit G; Balakrishnan, N http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1192 Fri, 01 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1192 1977-04-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1163 Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1163 1974-10-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1162 Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1162 1974-10-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1150 Tue, 01 Jan 1974 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1150 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1149 Tue, 01 Jan 1974 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1149 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/923 This paper gives a monographic treatment, based on morphology, of Pleomele (Liliaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands. It recognizes as island endemics three species on Hawaii, two on Oahu, and one each on Kauai, Molokai, Maui, and Lanai. The new species are P. auwahiensis, P. Halaapepe, P. kaupulehuensis, P. konaensis, and P. Rockii. Mon, 01 Apr 1985 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/923 1985-04-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/922 Attention is first drawn to the state of knowledge in 1981 of the Hawaiian Metrosideros polymorpha ('ohi'a) stand dieback. New findings that have largely been developed or published since then are described; these encompass vegetation, soils, hydrology, climatology, and experimental, historical and evolutionary research. A brief comparison of canopy dieback in Hawaii with that in other forest systems is made. New facts on the Hawaiian dieback are summarized within the context of climatic instability, soil, and stand factors . These facts are then related to ideas of environmental disturbance, disease , and cohort senescence. There are strong indications that the primary factor causing 'ohi'a dieback develop s in the dieback population itself due to synchronized aging of cohort stands. External abiotic (environmental) and biotic stress factors (insects and fungal pathogens) appear to play secondary and/or subsidiary roles , respectively. Based on this new knowledge, policy and management considerations are discussed with regard to the role of dieback and its impact on preserve design, forest hydrology, and soil fertility . Finally, a number of recommendations are made for new management-related research and for further research into the etiology of canopy dieback. Mon, 01 Apr 1985 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/922 1985-04-01T00:00:00Z Mueller-Dombois, Dieter http://hdl.handle.net/10125/910 Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/910 1975-01-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/902 Mon, 01 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/902 1974-07-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/829 The vegetation map of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (Island Hawaii) is reduced in this report from 53 (70 cm x 70 cm) air photo overlays (at 1:12,000) to 25 transparent sheets overlaying contiguous topographic half sheets. These were reduced once more from 1:24,000 to 1:52,000. The map units are identified by letter symbols denoting dominant species, structural criteria (such as plant spacing and height) and other relevant surface features. The map is further interpreted by a summary of 31 major vegetation types grouped into six environmental sections. This map-report is intended as a note-pad for park research and management purposes. Reports were scanned in black and white at a resolution of 600 dots per inch and were converted to text using Adobe Paper Capture Plug-in. Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/829 1974-10-01T00:00:00Z Mueller-Dombois, Dieter; Fosberg, F Raymond http://hdl.handle.net/10125/826 The current status of ohia (Metrosideros collina subsp. polymorpha) forest dieback research in Hawaii is reviewed, and a proposal is made for a relatively small integrated complementary program. This is suggested to consist of five subprojects to be carried out primarily by graduate student dissertation research. The five subprojects are: (1) to determine the percent cover of defoliated crowns in the ohia rainforest by remote sensing techniques and to develop a monitoring program, (2) to develop a large scale vegetation map on the basis of structural criteria, (3) to carry out a detailed floristic sampling by many small sample plots and to study by structural analyses techniques the dynamic trends of the woody species populations in a few, large sample plots, (4) to map and study the substrate variations in terms of soil nutrient and soil water regimes to develop a habitat classification for watershed purposes and (5) to study by experimental procedures in the field and in a glass house the response of ohia trees and seedlings to irrigation treatments with natural seepage water from dieback areas. The experimental subproject will be designed further for testing the performance of different Metrosideros ecotypes under different moisture and nutrient regimes. The program is developed to verify or discard the alternate hypothesis that the ohia dieback is a natural phenomenon of primary succession rather than a pathological disease problem as is pursued by the current ohia dieback research of other institutions. Reports were scanned in black and white at a resolution of 600 dots per inch and were converted to text using Adobe Paper Capture Plug-in. Mon, 22 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/826 1974-07-22T00:00:00Z Mueller-Dombois, Dieter http://hdl.handle.net/10125/803 Sun, 01 Jul 1973 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/803 1973-07-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/783 Mon, 01 Jan 1973 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/783 1973-01-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/768 Included are descriptions, based on morphology, of 12 new species and three new varieties of Lipochaeta (Compositae) of the Hawaiian Islands. Sun, 01 Jul 1984 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/768 1984-07-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/750 Sat, 01 Oct 1983 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/750 1983-10-01T00:00:00Z Mueller-Dombois, Dieter http://hdl.handle.net/10125/731 A soil and foliar nutrient analysis was carried out in the Hawaiian Metrosideros rain forest for the purposes of elucidating a previously published physical habitat classification and for finding an explanation for the widespread canopy dieback, which is not caused by a biotic agent in this ecosystem. Soil elements analyzed were C, N, P, Ca, AI, Mn, Fe, and other parameters such as pH. Foliar analysis was restricted to N, P, Ca, Mn, and Fe and assessed only for the canopy M. polymorpha and its major associate, the tree ferns, in the undergrowth. It was found that the earlier recognized two-way breakdown into oligotrophic and eutrophic nutrient regimes had to be enlarged for the habitat classification to a mesotrophic category. Young, deep-ash soils were recognized as mesotrophic on account of their moderate pH and high Ca levels, but they showed severe limitations in available nitrogen and phosphorus that were reflected also in the foliage. Intermediate-aged (1000 yr) ash soils were found to be nutritionally well supplied and balanced and thus considered eutrophic, while older ash soils were designated as oligotrophic on account oftheir extreme acidity and associated higher and potentially toxic levels of soluble AI, Mn, and Fe. Except for the mesotrophic 'a'a lava site, other shallow rock outcrop habitats on pahoehoe were recognized as oligotrophic, because of very low available N and high acidity and, in the poorly drained sites, also high levels of potentially toxic metals. The bog habitats had the highest levels of potentially toxic metals, but surprisingly moderate levels of available N and P. The canopy dieback phenomenon cannot be entirely explained from the nutrient imbalances found in most of the substrate types, but these imbalances are considered contributory in the sense that they become increasingly stressful with stand development, thereby decreasing tree vigor and predisposing stands to dieback. Sat, 01 Oct 1983 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/731 1983-10-01T00:00:00Z Balakrishnan, Nadarajah; Mueller-Dombois, Dieter http://hdl.handle.net/10125/730 Approximately 50,000 ha of native '6hi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud.) forest on the island of Hawai'i experienced a drastic reduction (dieback) of the tree canopy between 1954 and 1977. Concern for the management of this important native ecosystem has stimulated a great deal of research on the Hawaiian dieback phenomenon. In this paper we address the question of changes in the '6hi'a population after an area has experienced dieback. Since 1976, we have established 62 400-m2vegetation sampling plots throughout the dieback and adjacent nondieback forest areas on the island of Hawai'i. The tall tree vigor and '6hi'a seedling and sapling growth were resamp1ed in 26 of these study plots in 1982. The results of the reassessment of the '6hi'a populations indicate that the forest dieback has not spread appreciably since 1977. However, nearly all the plots located in areas that originally experienced a drastic reduction of the tree canopy cover were found to have a large number of '6hi'a seedlings and saplings. Based on this apparent high level of regeneration following the initial canopy loss, we speculate that most of the forest dieback areas will again develop a closed, tall-statured '6hi'a tree canopy. Sat, 01 Oct 1983 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/730 1983-10-01T00:00:00Z Jacobi, James D; Gerrish, Grant; Mueller-Dombois, Dieter http://hdl.handle.net/10125/729 Massive tree dieback has occurred periodically in the Hawaiian montane rain forest. The species mainly involved is Metrosideros polymorpha, which is the prevailing upper canopy tree species throughout most of this forest on all high Hawaiian islands. The canopy dieback occurs in stands over the entire spectrum of sites, from well-drained lava flows over nutritionally rich volcanic ash to permanently wet bogs with toxic soils. A biotic agent could not be found to cause this dieback. Five main dieback patterns have been recognized, and all are site-specific. These patterns suggest certain causal mechanisms, but they explain only a fraction of the dieback syndrome. A number of additional facts were established which have led to a new dieback theory involving a chain-reaction process: (1) cohort senescing as a predisposing factor; (2) a dieback trigger, which can be either internal (a species characteristic) or external (a fluctuating and recurring site-specific perturbation), and (3) a dieback hastening (biotic agents) or stalling mechanism. It is believed that the dieback phenomenon is not restricted to Hawaii but occurs also in other, functionally similar Pacific forests. A corollary to the Hawaiian dieback etiology is a new succession theory, which explains the temporally recurring dieback as a pattern and process sequence in primary succession. The larger dieback patterns are considered a consequence of catastrophic disturbances in the past, such as lava flows, ash blanket deposits, or landslides, which gave rise to large cohorts. Canopy dieback of these large cohorts during their senescing stage then gives rise to new cohorts. However, these become successively smaller and more patchy with each dieback cycle. Concomitantly with the dieback cycles a turnover of successional races or ecotypes appears to occur within the Metrosideros polymorpha species complex. This may allow us to determine pioneer, seral, and near-climax races within this species complex. Sat, 01 Oct 1983 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/729 1983-10-01T00:00:00Z Mueller-Dombois, Dieter