http://hdl.handle.net/10125/490 Thu, 20 Jun 2013 02:33:32 GMT 2013-06-20T02:33:32Z http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:80/bitstream/id/1743/PacSci.jpg http://hdl.handle.net/10125/490 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1519 Thu, 01 Jan 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1519 1981-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/660 Wed, 01 Jul 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/660 1981-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/619 Thu, 01 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/619 1981-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/616 Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, received increasing amounts of sewage from the 1950s through 1977. Most sewage was diverted from the bay in 1977 and early 1978. This investigation, begun in January 1976 and continued through August 1979, described the bay over that period, with particular reference to the responses of the ecosystem to sewage diversion. The sewage was a nutritional subsidy. All of the inorganic nitrogen and most of the inorganic phosphorus introduced into the ecosystem were taken up biologically before being advected from the bay. The major uptake was by phytoplankton, and the internal water-column cycle between dissolved nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, microheterotrophs, and detritus supported a rate of productivity far exceeding the rate of nutrient loading. These water-column particles were partly washed out of the ecosystem and partly sedimented and became available to the benthos. The primary benthic response to nutrient loading was a large buildup of detritivorous heterotrophic biomass. Cycling of nutrients among heterotrophs, autotrophs, detritus, and inorganic nutrients was important. With sewage diversion, the biomass of both plankton and benthos decreased rapidly. Benthic biological composition has not yet returned to presewage conditions, partly because some key organisms are long-lived and partly because the bay substratum has been perturbed by both the sewage and other human influences. Thu, 01 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/616 1981-10-01T00:00:00Z Smith, Stephen V; Kimmerer, William J; Laws, Edward A; Brock, Richard E; Walsh, Ted W http://hdl.handle.net/10125/555 Wed, 01 Jul 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/555 1981-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/554 A drought during the period 1977-1978 resulted in a roughly fourfold reduction in the volume of Lake Waiau, a small perched body of water near the summit of a volcano in Hawaii, and an over 200-fold increase in the late-summer chlorophyll a concentration. The normal planktonic flora of the lake was replaced during this time by an almost complete monoculture of the chlorophyte Nannochloris bacillaris. Nutrients required to support this bloom appear to have been supplied by an influx of interstitial water as a result of the development of an unusual hydrostatic head between the perched groundwater around the lake and lake surface water. The lake had not fully recovered from this episode 2 yr after termination of the drought. Wed, 01 Jul 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/554 1981-07-01T00:00:00Z Laws, Edward A; Woodcock, Alfred H http://hdl.handle.net/10125/553 Atmospheric particulate phosphorus has been measured in the tradewinds of the Hawaiian and Samoan islands. The concentration of phosphorus range from 300 to 800 pg m-3 and averages about 500 pg m-3. Reactive phosphorus comprises 20-35 percent of the total phosphorus, persulfate persulfate releasable phosphorus 20-35 percent, and acid-soluble phosphorus 40-60 percent. The reactive phosphorus appears to be of crustal origin, while the acid-soluble fraction is of marine origin. The origin of the persulfate releasable phosphorus is not readily apparent. The acid-soluble fraction may be either organic or inorganic in nature. The persulfate releasable fraction appears to be comprised of organic material. The net phosphorus input to the vegetation on the windward sides of these islands is estimated to be 0.025-0.030 kg ha-1 yr- 1 . The value amounts to percent of the phosphorus deposition measured at an island site. It appears that bulk precipitation samples are easily contaminated in regions of intense biological activity. Wed, 01 Jul 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/553 1981-07-01T00:00:00Z Graham, William F; Duce, Robert A http://hdl.handle.net/10125/552 Wed, 01 Jul 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/552 1981-07-01T00:00:00Z Martini, FH; Welch, K http://hdl.handle.net/10125/551 Electrophoretic and morphological analysis of lizardfishes in the genus Saurida (Pisces: Synodontidae) confirms the presence of three species in Hawaii, where a single species (S. gracilis) has previously been recognized. Saurida flamma, new species, is described, and S. nebulosa is removed from the synonomy of S. gracilis. The three species are found in different habitats, and S. nebulosa commonly enters brackish water. Fixed allelic differences were found between each pair of species at 10 or mQre of the 29 presumptive gene loci surveyed electrophoretically. Morphological characters for separating the three Hawaiian Saurida include counts of lateral-line scales and pectoral fin rays, length of upper jaw and pectoral fin ray, position of dorsal fin, dentition, and pigmentation. Patterns of allometric growth that affect certain characters' usefulness in systematics are discussed. Relevant type specimens were examined, and the assignment of names was aided by the use of discriminant function analysis of morphometric and meristic data. Wed, 01 Jul 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/551 1981-07-01T00:00:00Z Waples, Robin S http://hdl.handle.net/10125/550 Clevelandia ios is a small estuarine teleost that inhabits the burrows of the Thalassinid crustacean Callianassa californiensis. Field observations and laboratory experiments were undertaken to determine the relationship of Clevelandia ios and Callianassa californiensis, whether it be commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism. Clevelandia ios and Callianassa californiensis were found to co-occur in burrows less frequently than they would be expected to by chance, under both field and laboratory conditions. In addition, the arrow gobies were found to inhabit the ghost shrimp burrows only during the spring and summer months. Wed, 01 Jul 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/550 1981-07-01T00:00:00Z Hoffman, Carol J http://hdl.handle.net/10125/549 Hubbs (1952) introduced the term "antitropical distribution" in reference to species found north and south of the tropical zone but not in the tropics. To this may be added the term "antiequatorial distribution" for those animals and plants that occur south of the Tropic of Cancer and north of the Tropic of Capricorn but not within the equatorial latitudes. The following species of Indo-West-Pacific fishes not mentioned by Hubbs (1952) exhibit antitropical or antiequatorial distribution. Sphyraena zygaena, Cirrhigaleus barbifer, Meadia abyssalis, Lycodontis eurostus, Diaphus brachycephalus, Lepadichthys frenatus, Adioryx furcatus, Myripristis chryseres, Ostichthys archiepiscopus, O. oligolepis, Zenopsis nebulosa, Neosebastes entaxis, Aploactes aspera, Plectranthias kelloggi, Aulacocephalus temmincki, Amblycirrhitus unimacula, Cirrhitops fasciatus, Cheilodactylus vittatus, Trachurus novaezelandiae, Pseudocaranx dentex, Carangoides equula, Erythrocles schlegeli, Pristipomoides auricilla, Randallichthysfilamentosus, Pentapodus nagasakiensis, Pentaceros richardsoni, Histiopterus acutirostris, Microcanthus strigatus, Chromis chrysura, C. flavomaculata, Chrysiptera starcki, C. tricinctus, Bodianus vulpinus, B. perditio, B. leucostictus, B. izuensis, B. tanyokidus, Choerodon fasciatus, Novaculichthys woodi, Coris picta, Pseudojuloides elongatus, Suezichthys gracilis, Limnichthys fasciatus, Entomacrodus niuafoouensis, Kelloggella oligolepis, Psilogobius mainlandi, Coradion altivelis, Hemitaurichthys thompsoni, Genicanthus watanabei, Centropyge interruptus, Acanthurus leucopareius, Xanthichthys mento, X. lineopunctatus, Thamnaconus modestoides, T. hypargyreus, and Arothronfirmamentum. It is expected that other examples of this discontinuous north-south distribution will be revealed, particularly when systematic studies are completed for some groups of Indo-Pacific fishes in need of revision. Further collecting in tropical areas will undoubtedly invalidate some of the examples listed above as antitropical. Wed, 01 Jul 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/549 1981-07-01T00:00:00Z Randall, John E http://hdl.handle.net/10125/548 Laboratory strains from six widely distributed populations of Drosophila silvestris from the island of Hawaii were established. Mate preference experiments were conducted to determine whether behavioral differences were present among the six populations. In nearly all pairwise combinations studied, at least partial (asymmetrical) isolation was observed between reciprocal crosses; i.e., females from one population were less discriminant than females from the other. Kaneshiro (1976, 1980) has hypothesized that the genetic basis of certain elements of the courtship behavior pattern in these species change (are lost) such that females of ancestral populations discriminate strongly against males of derived populations, while females of derived populations readily accept males of ancestral populations. Following such an hypothesis, the data obtained from this study provide a basis for inferring the direction of evolution among the six populations of silvestris. It would appear that the population on Hualalai is the oldest population, and from there, two separate lineages gave rise to the remaining five populations. One lineage provided progenitors for the south and west populations, i.e., at Pauahi and Kahuku. The second lineage involved an introduction from Hualalai to the Kohala Mountains and subsequent colonizations of the Piihonua and Olaa populations. When interpreted in this way, the behavioral studies appear to be a sensitive indicator of initial stages of the speciation process. Wed, 01 Jul 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/548 1981-07-01T00:00:00Z Kaneshiro, Kenneth Y; Sato Kurihara, Joyce http://hdl.handle.net/10125/547 Hippolyte acuta (Stimpson) is the only species of this genus now reported from the central Pacific. Examination of several specimens indicates that it is identical with the Indo-Malayan H. ventricosa H. Milne-Edwards. Two other species, H. edmondsoni n. sp. and H. jarvisensis n. sp., have been newly found in the Hawaiian Islands and the Line Islands, respectively. These three species are described, illustrated, and compared to other known species. Wed, 01 Jul 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/547 1981-07-01T00:00:00Z Hayashi, Ken-Ichi http://hdl.handle.net/10125/544 Thu, 01 Jan 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/544 1981-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/546 Wed, 01 Apr 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/546 1981-04-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/545 Wed, 01 Apr 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/545 1981-04-01T00:00:00Z Medway, David G http://hdl.handle.net/10125/541 Leaves from two varieties of Met rosideros collina subsp. polymorpha, var. polymorpha and var. glaberrima, were sampled in two successional communities on the island of Hawaii. One variety, polymorpha, has coriaceous leaves with thick pubescence on the underside, and the other, glaberrima, has thin leaves and no pubescence. Variety polymorph a was less frequently attacked by insects at both study sites. Damage by leaf-eating insects was more frequent on variety glaberrima and may be related to lack of pubescence. Differences in the frequency of insect damage both between varieties and between study sites reflected inversely differences in the frequency of occurrence of the two varieties. Greater frequency of occurrence was related to a lower frequency of insect damage. Thu, 01 Jan 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/541 1981-01-01T00:00:00Z Lee, MAB http://hdl.handle.net/10125/543 Thu, 01 Jan 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/543 1981-01-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/540 Eighteen species of nonmarine mollusks are recorded from the island of Tikopia, southeastern Solomon Islands. Material studied was obtained from eight archaeologica l sites; a small sample of live-collected specimens was also examined. Fifteen species of terrestrial mollusks were pre sent in this material: six are believed to be indigenous to the island (although none is precinctive to it), eight were introduced by humans, and the status of one is uncertain. Three additional species inhabiting estuarine, strandline, or aquatic environments were found . The terrestrial mollusks of Tikopia are typically New Hebridean, although prosobranchs and large pulmonates are poorly represented in the fauna. Radiocarbon dates associated with several of the archaeological samples demonstrate that most of the adventive species colonized the island during the prehistoric period: Lamellidea pusilla, Gastrocopta pediculus, and Lamellaxis gracilis were present on the island by ca. 900 B.C., and by ca. A.D. 1400 Liardetia samoensis, Wilhelminaia mathildae, and Coneuplecta microconus had become established . Two exotic subulinids have been introduced during the modern era. The numerical predominance in all archaeological samples of individuals of adventive species indicates that the Tikopian environment was significantly modified by humans during the prehistoric period, probably as a result of agricultural practices. Thu, 01 Jan 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/540 1981-01-01T00:00:00Z Christensen, Carl C; Kirch, Patrick V http://hdl.handle.net/10125/542 Three freshwater fish species new to the Fiji Islands are recorded. These species are Coelonotus argulus Peters (Syngnathidae), Doryichthys retzi (Bleeker) (Syngnathidae), and Butis butis (HamiltonBuchanan) (Eleotridae). Thu, 01 Jan 1981 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/542 1981-01-01T00:00:00Z Ryan, PA