http://hdl.handle.net/10125/457 Search the Channel search http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1399 Title: 45:3 Table of Contents - Pacific Science Mon, 01 Jul 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1398 Title: Fate of Carbaryl, l-Naphthol, and Atrazine in Seawater<br/><br/>Author(s): Armbrust, Kevin L; Crosby, Donald G<br/><br/>Abstract: The fate of carbaryl, l-naphthol, and atrazine was determinedunder light and dark conditions in filter-sterilized and raw (unfiltered) seawater.Carbaryl was hydrolyzed in the dark, quantitatively, to l-naphthol with ahalf-life of 24 hr at pH 7.9 or 23 hr at pH 8.2 (24°C). Naphthol was stable in thedark in sterile seawater, but was degraded to undetectable levels in 96 hr in rawseawater. In artificial sunlight, carbaryl degraded with a half-life of 5 hr andl-naphthol was completely degraded after 2 hr. No further degradation productswere observed for either compound. Atrazine was stable under light and darkconditions in sterile seawater; however, in raw seawater, it was degraded by 23%after 96 hr. These data suggest that atrazine may be stable enough in seawaterto permit exposure of susceptible marine life, while, in the presence of sunlight,carbaryl and l-naphthol would rapidly dissipate to undetectable levels. Mon, 01 Jul 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1397 Title: Fate of Model Xenobiotics in Calcareous Marine Algae<br/><br/>Author(s): Inouye, Laura S; Crosby, Donald G<br/><br/>Abstract: Uptake, depuration, and metabolism of p-nitroanisole (PNA) andp-nitrophenol (PNP) were investigated in Halimeda, Padina, and Porolithonspecies, all of which are calcareous marine algae found in tropical waters . Thealgae were exposed to filtered seawater solutions of either PNA or PNP in astatic system for 24 hr (uptake period), then placed in clean water and allowedto release absorbed chemical and possible metabolites for 24 hr (depurationperiod). Concentrations of the chemicals were monitored spectrophotometrically,and the water at the end of uptake and depuration was extracted onto acolumn of Amberlite XAD-4 resin, eluted sequentially with methylene chlorideand methanol, and analyzed for metabolites by high-pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC). Results showed that the algae absorb PNA but not PNP. Therewas no indication that they were capable of metabolizing PNA, except inconsistently,to PNP. However, half of the absorbed PNA remained unaccountedfor, and may either have been metabolized to undetected metabolites or boundto tissue macromolecules. Mon, 01 Jul 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1396 Title: Effects of Nutrient Enrichment and Water Motion on the Coral Pocillopora damicornis<br/><br/>Author(s): Stambler, Noga; Popper, Nurit; Dubinsky, Zvy; Stimson, John<br/><br/>Abstract: Exposure of the hermatypic coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus)to elevated levels of dissolved inorganic phosphorus did not affect the colony orthe zooxanthellae. Exposure to elevated levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogenand inorganic nitrogen + phosphorus led to an increase in algal density, and asa result, to an increase in the chlorophyll concentration. These latter two experimentalenrichments slowed skeletal growth rate of the corals, probably becauseof a decrease in the photosynthetic rate of the algae and perhaps a decrease inthe translocation of photosynthetic products from the algae to the coral. Thealgae probably used the photosynthetic energy for their own increased growth.Experimental manipulation of water motion used in these experiments did notaffect the coral or the symbiotic algae. Mon, 01 Jul 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1395 Title: Effects of Two Petroleum Products on Pocillopora damicornis Planulae<br/><br/>Author(s): Tan Te, Franklyn<br/><br/>Abstract: Pocillopora damicornis planulae were exposed to different concentrationsof benzene and gasoline:oil mixtures to determine the lethal concentrationsand biological responses of the coral larvae. Bioassay tests with either openor closed static solutions of the test compounds were monitored. Planulaesettlement was considered as the visible reaction to the hydrocarbon compoundintroduced. This study found that corallite formation was significantly influencedby the different concentrations of the test compound, but no clearcorrelation between concentration of the test compound and rate of coralliteformation was ascertained. Mortality was minimal in most of the test concentrationsutilized in the experiments. Mon, 01 Jul 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1394 Title: Preliminary Observations on Effects of Pesticides Carbaryl, Naphthol, and Chlorpyrifos on Planulae of the Hermatypic Coral Pocillopora damicornis<br/><br/>Author(s): Acevedo, Roberto<br/><br/>Abstract: Planulae larvae of the reef coral Pocillopora damicornis wereexposed to three pesticides in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 ppm.Actively swimming planulae were held in test solutions for 96 hr, after whichviability was determined. Carbaryl and l-naphthol in concentrations up to 10ppm had no effect on the planulae after 96 hr. Chlorpyrifos at levels of 1 ppmand higher resulted in mortality in 50 to 100% of the trials. Mon, 01 Jul 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1393 Title: Mortality and Settlement Success of Pocillopora damicornis Planula Larvae during Recovery from Low Levels of Nickel<br/><br/>Author(s): Goh, Beverly PL<br/><br/>Abstract: Effects on mortality and settlement of Pocillopora damicornisplanula larvae during recovery from low levels of Ni++ were investigated.Results indicated that a nickel concentration of 9 ppm over 12 hr was sufficientto cause 50% mortality in larvae 39.6 hr after removal of the toxicant. Settlementin larvae was more sensitive, showing significantly reduced settlement rates from9 days into recovery, after exposure to I ppm Ni++ at durations of 12-96 hr. Itis recommended that coral planula larvae be utilized more extensively in pollutionstudies. Mon, 01 Jul 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1392 Title: Kinetics of Dark Oxygen Uptake of Pocillopora damicornis<br/><br/>Author(s): Newton, PA; Atkinson, MJ<br/><br/>Abstract: Colonies of Pocillopora damicornis were placed in a sealed aquariumin the dark. Water velocity was altered and measured in 10 differentexperiments. During each experiment, seawater in the aquarium was supersaturatedwith oxygen (02 ) and then O2 concentration was measured through timeuntil the concentration in the aquarium decreased to 0.3 mg O2 1-1 . ResultingO2 uptake curves were interpreted as a function of water velocity. Rate of O2uptake fit a hyperbolic equation (d02 /dt = Vm02 /Ks + O2 ) . Maximum uptakerate (Vm ) varied between 0.12 and 0.27 mg O2 1- 1 min " (mean = 0. 18), and thehalf-saturation constant (Ks ) varied between 0.86 and 2.52 mg O2 1-1. Both Vmand K, did not vary with water velocity, indicating that in these experiments,water motion had little influence on either diffusive boundary layers near thecoral tissue or the metabolic rate of O2 uptake. Even supersaturated concentrationsof O2 did not completely saturate the uptake capacity of this enzymesystem. Mon, 01 Jul 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1390 Title: Behavioral and Ecological Relationships of a Parasite and Its Hosts within a Coral Reef System<br/><br/>Author(s): Aeby, Greta S<br/><br/>Abstract: The life cycle of the digenetic trematode Plagioporus sp. includesan intermediate stage that encysts in the scleractinian coral Porites compressaand an adult stage that probably resides in a coral-feeding fish. Coral polypsinfected with metacercariae of Plagioporus appear as swollen nodules ranging incolor from bright pink to white and have lost their ability to retract into theircalices. The polyps' altered appearance and behavior was thought to increasetheir vulnerability to predation. This study investigated the effect of parasiteencystment on coral growth and the effect offish predation on both coral growthand on the parasites' rate of transmission. Parasitized P. compressa showed a50% reduction in growth when compared to nonparasitized P. compressa. Nosignificant differences were found in growth of corals kept in predator exclusioncages and that of corals left exposed to fish predation in either group, parasitizedor nonparasitized. Uncaged parasitized P. compressa showed a marked reductionin number of parasitic cysts, with the infected polyps being replaced byhealthy ones. The regeneration of healthy polyps suggests that parasite removalis beneficial to the coral, and the reduction in cyst number suggests that theparasites' rate of transmission was enhanced by exposure of infected corals tofish predation. Mon, 01 Jul 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1389 Title: Reproduction Effort in the Nudibranch Phestilla sibogae: Calorimetric Analysis of Food and Eggs<br/><br/>Author(s): Haramaty, Liti<br/><br/>Abstract: Phestilla sibogae, a nudibranch living on corals of the genusPorites, is rarely found on the reef at Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, although Poritescompressa is a dominant coral there. This is probably due to massive predationon juveniles and adults. Such predation pressure would force this species to puthigh effort into reproduction. In this work I found that P. sibogae laid eggsamounting to up to 17% of their body weight each day. Furthermore, based ona 100% conversion efficiency for ingested coral tissue, 51-78% of the calorieseach individual ate daily were channeled into egg production. Photosyntheticactivity of zooxanthellae in the nudibranch's tissue suggests that the algae mayprovide some of the energy required by the animal's metabolism. Mon, 01 Jul 1991 00:00:00 GMT