http://hdl.handle.net/10125/452 Search the Channel search http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1615 Title: Histological Analysis of Reproductive Trends of Three Porites Species from Kane'ohe Bay, Hawai'i<br/><br/>Author(s): Neves, Elizabeth G<br/><br/>Abstract: Gonad development and synchrony among Porites compressa, P.Zobata, and P. evermanni colonies, collected in Kane'ohe Bay during the summerof 1997, were histologically examined and compared. All three species aregonochoric broadcast spawners, releasing gametes predominantly around thetime of full moon during the breeding season. Histological sections of fertilepolyps confirmed the maturity of gonads and presence of zooxanthellae surroundingthe oocytes and moving into the ooplasm of the mature eggs beforespawning. Sat, 01 Apr 2000 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1614 Title: Batch Fecundity and Spawning Frequency of Sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) off the Pacific Coast of Mexico<br/><br/>Author(s): Hernandez-Herrera, Agustin; Ramirez-Rodriguez, Mauricio; Muhlia-Melo, Arturo<br/><br/>Abstract: To estimate batch fecundity and spawning frequency of the sailfish,Istiophorus platypterus Shaw & Nodder, off the Pacific coast of Mexico,gonads from fish sampled at five tourist ports from 1989 to 1991 were histologicallyanalyzed. Mean batch fecundity, estimated by the gravimetric method,for 21 females was 1,710,000 ± 600,000 eggs per spawning. The relationshipbetween batch fecundity in thousands (F) and total weight of the fish in kilograms(w) was F = -245 + 61.68 w. Of 93 mature females, 28% with hydratedoocytes indicated that the average interval between spawnings was 3.6 days. Sat, 01 Apr 2000 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1613 Title: Egg Dimensions and Shell Characteristics of Bulwer's Petrels, Bulweria bulwerii, on Laysan Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands<br/><br/>Author(s): Whittow, GC; Pettit, TN<br/><br/>Abstract: Measured values for Bulwer's Petrel eggs and eggshells fromLaysan Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, were within 10% of predictedvalues available in the literature. In the absence of published predictive equationsfor egg volume, fresh-egg contents, and total functional pore area of theshell, in Procellariiformes, new logarithmic relationships were developed fortropical Procellariiformes. Data are now needed for species breeding at higherlatitudes to determine if these relationships are representative of all Procellariiformes. Sat, 01 Apr 2000 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1612 Title: Ecology and Evolution of Drosophila ambochila, A Rare Picture-Winged Species Endemic to the Wai'anae Range of O'ahu, Hawaiian Islands<br/><br/>Author(s): Kambysellis, MP; Craddock, EM; Montgomery, SL; Kaneshiro, KY; Edwards, K; Carlson, HL<br/><br/>Abstract: The rare O'ahu picture-winged fly Drosophila ambochila Hardy& Kaneshiro is endemic to two windward ravines in the Wai'anae Mountainsthat harbor its host plant. Drosophila ambochila is an ecological specialist thatbreeds on Pisonia stems and trunks in an intermediate stage of decay. By providingfield-collected females with suitable substrate material, we have beenable to observe the oviposition behavior of this species in the laboratory andobtain F 1 larvae. In nature, females oviposit each batch of mature eggs ("'4050)in a single cluster, by repeatedly inserting their long ovipositor into thesame crack or beetle hole in the decaying Pisonia bark. Ovipositor, ovary, andegg morphology are characteristic of bark-breeding Hawaiian Drosophila, butSEM studies revealed a distinctive chorionic ultrastructure for the eggs of thisspecies. Larval salivary chromosome analyses indicated that the O'ahu D. ambochilais most closely related to D. alsophila from the island of Hawai'i andhave helped to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among six of the nine speciesbelonging to the vesciseta subgroup of the glabriapex species group. Sat, 01 Apr 2000 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1611 Title: Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Aspects of Sophora Sect. Edwardsia (Papilionaceae)<br/><br/>Author(s): Pena, RC; Iturriaga, L; Montenegro, G; Cassels, BK<br/><br/>Abstract: Sophora comprises 45-50 species of worldwide distribution, butno general proposal as to the evolution of this group has been put forth. Weused cladistic relationships of the quinolizidine alkaloids (matrine, sparteine,methylcytisine, anagyrine, and sophoranol) with morphological and palynologicalcharacters to suggest a hypothesis of evolutionary and biogeographic relationships.The mainland Chilean species of Sophora appear to have been derivedfrom' ancestors phylogenetically near the extant Argentinean species S.linearifolia and S. rhynchocarpa and the psammophyte S. tomentosa, growingat tropical coastal sites around the world. The Boreotropic hypothesis of Lavinand Luckow is incorporated in our model as the most parsimonious explanationof the evolution of the species of Edwardsia. Sophora is a taxonomic groupthat meets the following criteria: a center of diversity in North America, anearly Tertiary record in North America, and a pantropical distribution. Styphnolobiumand Sophora (including Calia) are representatives of Sophora s.l. inthe United States, suggesting a migration of the latter from the Northern Hemisphereto South America. Consistent with the Boreotropic hypothesis, a primarydiversification center in South America and subsequent migration to theIndian Ocean and New Zealand, the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, EasterIsland, and possibly the Hawaiian Islands is the simplest explanation for theevolution of the Edwardsia species. Sat, 01 Apr 2000 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1610 Title: Three New Records for Micronesia of Cymothoid Isopods (Crustacea) Parasitic on Fishes<br/><br/>Author(s): Williams, Ernest H Jr; Bunkley-Williams, Lucy; Pitlik, Todd<br/><br/>Abstract: Ceratothoa angulata (Richardson) was found in the mouth ofDussumier's halfbeak, Hyporhamphus dussumieri; Cymothoa bychowskyiAvdeev in the gill chamber of the red cornetfish, Fistularia petimba; and Elthusaraynaudii (Milne-Edwards) in the mouth of the blueline snapper, Lutjanus kasmira,collected in Guam. Elthusa raynaudii has only been reported in the SouthernHemisphere, except for one other record in Japan; C. bychowskyi has previouslyonly been found in the Indian Ocean; and C. angulata has previouslyonly been found in the Philippines and Borneo. The blueline snapper is a newhost for E. raynaudii. These great range extensions suggest how poorly cymothoidisopods are known. Sat, 01 Apr 2000 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1609 Title: Prehistoric Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma chamissonis) from Henderson Island, Southeast Polynesia<br/><br/>Author(s): Hather, Jon G; Weisler, Marshall I<br/><br/>Abstract: Subfossilleaf fragments of giant swamp taro (Cyrtosperma chamissonis)were recovered from archaeological contexts dating as early as A.D.1451 (mean date) on Henderson Island (24 0 22' S, 1280 19' W), Pitcairngroup-a raised limestone (makatea) island isolated at the extreme margin ofsoutheastern Polynesia and the Indo-West Pacific biotic province. Comparisonof subfossil specimens and modern reference material from a range of knowncultigens under scanning electron microscopy confirms the identification. Aperiod of active interarchipelago voyaging between A.D. 1000 and A.D. 1500 isknown from recent summaries of the geochemical analysis of exotic finegrainedbasalt artifacts from archaeological sites throughout Polynesia. If notan initial colonization, it is during this time that Cyrtosperma should havebeen introduced prehistorically to most, if not all, of the inhabitable islands ofthe region, especially those island groups lying to the west of Henderson. Investigationof subfossil plant remains adds another dimension to understandingplant distributions, prehistoric crop use, and subsistence practices in the Indo-Pacificregion. Sat, 01 Apr 2000 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1608 Title: Floristic and Biogeographical Trends in Seaweed Assemblages from a Subtropical Insular Island Complex in the Gulf of California<br/><br/>Author(s): Paul-Chavez, L; Riosmena-Rodriguez, R<br/><br/>Abstract: Floristic and biogeographical trends of the seaweed assemblagesin subtidial rocky areas were evaluated at 10 sites around Espiritu Santo Islandin the Gulf of California. Seasonal sampling in two consecutive years with intensivesurveys in a 500-m2 area at each site was done. An intensive search wasmade of previous records from the literature. We found 85 species in the fieldwith an additional 69 species from the literature, for a total 116 species. Speciescomposition was significantly different between sides of the island in the firstyear, but very similar in the second. Species composition was not influencedby the presence of epiphytes. Phenologically, most species were ephemeral orannual with a low reproductive effort. Biogeographically, tropical elementsdominated, but there was an important contribution from temperate species.Our results indicate that Espiritu Santo Island is a dynamic system that isstrongly influenced by local oceanographic conditions. Sat, 01 Apr 2000 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1607 Title: Larval Feeding of Scomber japonicus (Pisces: Scombridae) in the Gulf of California and Its Relation to Temperature and Chlorophyll Satellite Data<br/><br/>Author(s): Sanchez-Velasco, Laura; Shirasago, Bernardo<br/><br/>Abstract: Feeding habits of Scomber japonicus larvae in the central part ofthe Gulf of California during April 1984 and 1985 are described and compared.Satellite images of temperature and chlorophyll monthly average showed thatthe central gulf during April 1984 was relatively warmer but with lower chlorophyllconcentration than during April 1985. Feeding incidence was lower in larvaecollected in April 1984 than in larvae in April 1985. Prey size consumedwas larger in larvae in 1984 than in larvae in 1985. The cladoceran Penilia sp.,copepod nauplii, and appendicularians were the dominant prey in the diet oflarvae in 1984. In 1985 diatoms and copepod nauplii were the dominant prey.The high incidence of diatoms in S. japonicus larvae collected in 1985, a coldyear, corresponded to the high chlorophyll concentration observed by satellite.Diatoms were not an important component in the larval diet in 1984, when thechlorophyll concentration was low. A high incidence of the cladoceran Peniliasp. in the larval gut in 1984 coincided with cladoceran blooms recordedin years affected by El Nino events. Interannual difference in feeding habits ofS. japonicus larvae can be associated with changes in environmental conditions,such as temperature and chlorophyll concentration. Sat, 01 Apr 2000 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1606 Title: Hawaiian Phoronida (Lophophorata) and Their Distribution in the Pacific Region<br/><br/>Author(s): Bailey-Brock, Julie H; Emig, Christian C<br/><br/>Abstract: Five Phoronis species are found in Hawaiian waters. Three wererecorded previously, and two others, P. muelleri and P. pallida, are added here.Phoronis ovalis (the smallest) and P. hippocrepia are perforant species formingburrows in coral rock, shells, and barnacle encrustations, and P. psammophila,P. muelleri, and P. pallida are sand-dwellers. Species diagnosis in phoronids requiressectioning to estimate muscle formulas and arrangement of other internalorgans. Included are a key to Hawaiian species based on visible externalfeatures (so not entirely accurate), description of each, and distribution inHawaiian waters and the Pacific Ocean. Sat, 01 Apr 2000 00:00:00 GMT