http://hdl.handle.net/10125/435 http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/retrieve/1621 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/435 Search the Channel search http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/10125/5962 Title: 45: Index - Pacific Science Tue, 01 Jan 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1408 Title: 45:4 Table of Contents - Pacific Science Tue, 01 Oct 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1407 Title: A Temporal Sequence (Chronosequence) of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Development after Phosphate Mining on Nauru Island<br/><br/>Author(s): Manner, Harley; Morrison, RJ<br/><br/>Abstract: Ten composite soil samples (0-15 cm depth) were collected fromabandoned phosphate-mined sites on Nauru Island (Central Pacific) andanalyzed for % organic C and % N. The samples represent a temporal sequence(chronosequence) of soil development spanning < 55 yr. The increase of% C and% N was fairly rapid. In recently mined sites « 1 yr) the values of % Cwere between 0.41 and 0.48, and those for % N were between 0.03 and 0.04.Fifty-five years after mining, the values of % C and % N were 4.56 and0.33, respectively, and comparable to the amounts found in undisturbedLithic Haplustolls, Typic Haplustolls, and Lithic Ustorthents epipedons. Thesechanges in soil properties are considered to be a function of time and theaccompanying seral development of vegetation (particularly the fern cover ofNephrolepis biserrata and Polypodium scolopendria) , because parent materials,climate, and other factors of soil formation are considered to be constant. Rateof soil development is faster in the unconsolidated sands and limestone rubbleof the pit bottoms and slower on the dolomitic limestone pinnacle surfaces. Tue, 01 Oct 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1406 Title: Natural Interspecific Hybridization in Gunnera (Gunneraceae) of the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile<br/><br/>Author(s): Pacheco, Patricia; Stuessy, Tod F; Crawford, Daniel J<br/><br/>Abstract: Natural interspecific hybridization between Gunnera bracteataand G. peltata (Gunneraceae) in the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile, is analyzedmorphologically and chemically. Parental types from isolated populations werecompared with parents and intermediates occurring together in QuebradaVillagra on Masatierra. Two transects were made in that area, one in a relativelyundisturbed site, and another along a disturbed path. Hybrid indexes anddistance diagrams were used to analyze morphological relationships, andleafflavonoids revealed chemical affinities. Minor flavonoid divergence betweenparental species precluded detailed analysis of dynamics of hybridization.Morphological analysis revealed intermediacy in both transects,with intergradationback toward both parents. It is suggested that introgressive hybridizationis occurring in Quebrada Villagra between these two wind-pollinated species,with more hybridization taking place in disturbed regions. Reduction in surfacearea and changes in the ecology of Masatierra during the past four million yearsmay have brought the two species into closer contact and aided hybridization. Tue, 01 Oct 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1405 Title: Cyclohelia lamellata, New Genus and Species of Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bering Sea<br/><br/>Author(s): Cairns, Stephen D<br/><br/>Abstract: A new genus and species of Stylasteridae is described, Cyclohelialamellata, based on one specimen from 550 m off the Pribilof Islands, BeringSea. The species is unusual in having a lamellate growth form and unique inhaving elliptical dactylopore spines that are rimmed on all sides. The genus ishypothesized to be most closely related to Distichopora and Sporadopora.Cyclochelia lamellata is one of the most northerly records of a stylasterid in thePacific Ocean. Tue, 01 Oct 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1404 Title: Review of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of Eastern Melanesia and Samoa (Excluding New Caledonia), with Description of Three New Species.<br/><br/>Author(s): Burger, John F<br/><br/>Abstract: Three species of Tabanidae, one Cydistomyia from the SolomonIslands and two species of Tabanus from Fiji, are described. New distributionrecords for two Cydistomyia, one Japenoides, and three Tabanus species arepresented for the Solomon Islands. Cydistomyia solomensis is reported from theSanta Cruz Islands for the first time. A list of Tabanidae from easternMelanesia and Samoa (excluding New Caledonia) is given, as well as a key togenera and species. Tue, 01 Oct 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1403 Title: Biology of the Shortfinned Eel Anguilla obscura in Lake Te Rotonui, Mitiaro, Cook Islands<br/><br/>Author(s): Jellyman, DJ<br/><br/>Abstract: Lake Te Rotonui, a shallow depression lake in the center ofMitiaro Island, southern Cook Islands, contains freshwater eels despite havingno surface connection to the sea. During a survey of the eel population in July1988, all of the 287 eels captured using fyke nets and gaffs were Anguilla obscura,although it is possible that A. megastoma and perhaps A. marmorata also occurin small numbers. Ages of eels were found from burnt otoliths; it was assumedthat otolith zones were formed annually, although this could not be validated.Growth rates were slower than those of other tropical eel species, being similarto those of temperate species. Eels fed exclusively on Oreochromis mossambica,which was abundant in the lake. The relatively slow growth in the presence ofabundant food may be due to high and stressful summer water temperatures.From length and age frequency distributions, it is suggested that recruitment ofglass-eels into the lake is intermittent and via submarine outfalls. A review ofthe limited larval information suggested that A. obscura spawns to the east ofTahiti, with larvae transported west and south by the South Equatorial Current. Tue, 01 Oct 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1402 Title: The Sulawesi Black Racer, Coluber (Ptyas) dipsas, and a Remarkable Ectoparasitic Aggregation<br/><br/>Author(s): Lazell, James D; Keirans, James E; Samuelson, G Allan<br/><br/>Abstract: Twelve specimens of the Sulawesi black racer, Coluber (Ptyas)dipsas, have been reported in the literature; none of these is from Americancollections. Morphology and relationships of the snake, based on a freshspecimen, are discussed. Thirteen ticks of two species, Amblyomma cordiferumand A. helvolum (Ixodidae), and the beetle Aplosonyx nigripennis (Chrysomelidae)were recovered from an old wound site on a 1465-mm female Coluberdipsas from Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia. Both tick species are newisland and new host records. There have been no specific plant hosts reportedto date for this beetle, of a phytophagous family. Tue, 01 Oct 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1401 Title: A New Tern (Sterna) Breeding Record for Hawaii<br/><br/>Author(s): Conant, Sheila; Clapp, Roger; Hiruki, Lisa; Choy, Barry<br/><br/>Abstract: Recent observations of terns, either the Old World Little Tern(Sterna albifrons) or the New World Least Tern (Sterna antillarum), at Pearl andHermes Reef in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands have documented that oneof these species bred there in 1988 and possibly also in the several precedingyears. Two small Sterna terns were first observed at Pearl and Hermes in 1984,and the numbers subsequently observed there gradually increased until five birdswere recorded in 1988. In 1988 a nest containing three eggs was found, and atleast one egg produced a nestling. No small Sterna terns were seen during a2-week visit to the atoll in 1989 or a 2-day visit in 1990. No specimens werecollected, and photographs taken do not permit specific identification of thebirds. We favor S. albifrons sinensis because there are now specimen records ofAsiatic Little Terns from French Frigate Shoals and Midway Atoll and a sightrecord from Laysan Island, and because a review of prevailing wind systems inthe Pacific and other vagrant bird records from the Northwestern HawaiianIslands suggest that such birds are more likely to arrive from the west than fromthe east. Tue, 01 Oct 1991 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1400 Title: Extinct and Extirpated Birds from Aitutaki and Atiu, Southern Cook Islands<br/><br/>Author(s): Steadman, David W<br/><br/>Abstract: Six archaeological sites up to 1000 years old on Aitutaki, CookIslands, have yielded bones of 15 species of birds, five of which no longer occuron the island: Pterodroma rostrata (Tahiti Petrel); Sula sula (Red-footed Booby);Dendrocygna, undescribed sp. (a large, extinct whistling duck); Porzana tabuensis(Sooty Crake); and Vini kuhlii (Rimatara Lorikeet). Of these, only S. sula andP. tabuensis survive anywhere in the Cook Islands today. The nearest record ofany speciesofDendrocygna is in Fiji. Aside from the aquatic species Egretta sacra(Pacific Reef-Heron) and Anas superciliosa (Gray Duck), the only native, residentland bird on Aitutaki today is the Society Islands Lorikeet (Vini peruviana),which may have been introduced from Tahiti. Residents of Aitutaki note thatDucula pacifica (Pacific Pigeon) and Ptilinopus rarotongensis (Cook IslandsFruit-Dove) also occurred there until the 1940sor 1950s.There is no indigenousforest on Aitutaki today. The bones from Aitutaki also include the island's firstrecord of the fruit bat Pteropus tonganus . Limestone caves on the island of Atiuyielded the undated bones of six species of birds, three of which no longer existthere or anywhere else in the Cook Islands: Gallicolumba erythroptera (SocietyIslands Ground-Dove), Ducula aurorae (Society Islands Pigeon), and Vini kuhlii.Each of these species has been recovered from prehistoric sites on Mangaia aswell. The limestone terrain of Atiu is mostly covered with native forest thatsupports populations of Ducula pacifica, Ptilinopus rarotongensis, Collocaliasawtelli (Atiu Swiftlet), and Halcyon tuta (Chattering Kingfisher). The survivalof these land birds depends upon protection of Atiu's forests. Tue, 01 Oct 1991 00:00:00 GMT