http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3268 Sat, 25 May 2013 13:50:22 GMT 2013-05-25T13:50:22Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3397 While I was a scientific observer for the United States aboard a Japanese fishing vessel in the North Pacific Ocean, I observed two sea urchins living within the cavity of the air bladder of the bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana (Mertens). The sea urchins were identified as Allocentrotus fragilis (Jackson) by David Pawson of the Smithsonian Institution (personal communication). The kelp was taken in an otter trawl of the Japanese factory ship stern trawler "Takachiho Maru" on April 23, 1965, off Fox Islands in the Aleutians (53°26'N, 166°01'W). I witnessed the discovery of the urchins when a worker cut into the air bladder after picking the kelp from the landing bin. The kelp was intact, and the urchins were dark red and glistened with moisture. No sea water was in the bladder. I acquired the kelp with the urchins still inside and examined the bulb for openings other than the cut made by the worker. No other openings were visible, although some of the top of the kelp bulb broke after the initial cut was made (Fig. 1). The cavity of the bulb did not extend into the stipe, and the opening made by the worker had to be enlarged to remove the urchins. Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3397 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z Nishimoto, Jiro http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3396 Two SPECIES of marine tardigrades have been reported from the Pacific coast of North America. Schuster and Grigarick (1965) studied Echiniscoides sigismundi Schultze, 1865, from algae and barnacles. This species is thought to occur along much of the west coast. Styraconyx sargassi Thulin, 1942, was reported as Bathyechiniscus tetronyx Steiner, 1926, from washings of Dictyota sp. by Mathews (1938). Although marine tardigrades are often found in association with algae and a variety of animals, they are most abundant in the interstitial spaces of sandy beaches. The apparently rich interstitial fauna of the west coast has not as yet been investigated. Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3396 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z McGinty, Maxine http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3395 Continuing study of botanical collections made in recent years under the auspices of the Fiji Department of Agriculture has indicated the occurrence of various hitherto undescribed species of flowering plants in Fiji. In this paper seven species are described as new, in the genera Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), Melochia and Sterculia (Sterculiaceae), Astronidium (Melastomataceae), and Calycosia, Mastixiodendron, and Sukunia (Rubiaceae). In the last of these families the monotypic genus Hedstromia is also discussed. The opportunity is also taken to propose five required new combinations in the genus Neuburgia (Loganiaceae). Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3395 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z Smith, Albert C http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3394 In recent years collections made by staff members of the Fiji Department of Agriculture have substantially added to the available study material of Fijian plants, permitting more adequate knowledge of many species and the recognition of others as new to science. Study of the Rubiaceae of these collections has made desirable the publication of notes to clarify certain complexes within the genus Psychotria. During the course of this work the related genus Readea was also reviewed. In the present paper four species of Psychotria are described as new, and hitherto unpublished combinations are proposed for three others. Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3394 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z Smith, Albert C http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3393 The genus Pandanus has been much investigated by the botanists resident in the Philippines, but a few novelties have come to light. The author's studies of this large and intricate genus have been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3393 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3392 Solanum is an enormous genus, and it is represented in the Hawaiian flora by endemic, adventive, and cultivated species. Below are presented descriptions of two new endemic species. Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3392 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3391 Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3391 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z Makinen, Yrjo http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3390 Relatively synchronized samplings of man-made structures of known but varying ages have been used to generate a growth curve for Terebratalia. Modes indicative of the first four or five year classes were recognized, and seem internally consistent with each other. Older year classes were indistinguishable. In the vicinity of Seattle, Washington, this species probably does not survive more than nine to ten years. Growth lines, though conspicuous shell features, are not related to age. Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3390 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z Paine, Robert T http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3389 The echinoid Evechinuls chloroticus (Val.) provides shelter and food for the clingfish Dellichthys morelandi Briggs. The latter appears to be attracted to the echinoid by visual recognition. Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3389 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z Dix, Trevor G http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3388 Selective fishing of the deep scattering layer, defined by echosounder recordings, with an automatic opening and closing trawl has helped to define the diurnal vertical migration and feeding behavior of Lampanyctus mexicanus, a lanternfish of the family Myctophidae. The feeding behavior, expressed as a per cent nutrition, is thought to be affected by food available at the surface and by the decrease of oxygen content of the water at the deepest range of the vertical migration of the fish. Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3388 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z Holton, Arthur A http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3387 While visiting Rabaul, New Britain, during Cruise 6 of the Stanford University vessel "Te Vega" we observed and collected specimens of a small gobioid fish that swam and hovered vertically, with its head up, in midwater close to pockets in the wall of an underwater cliff at depths below 30 feet. Many kinds of fishes, for example scorpaenids and cottoids, are known to orient vertically in contact with a substrate. There are fewer examples of vertically oriented fishes in midwater; among the best known are the seahorses and centriscids. Observations have also been made on vertically oriented mesopelagic fishes. Barham (1966) has seen myctophids hovering vertically, as well as swimming upward and downward. Paralepidids are also known to be vertical swimmers (Peres, 1958; Bernard, 1958; Cohen, personal observations). We have found, however, no previous record of this habit in gobioid fishes and our observations are presented herewith. We have been unable to identify the fish with any known form, and we describe it as a new Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3387 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z Cohen, Daniel M; Davis, William P http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3386 The predator-prey relationships between the California scorpionfish Scorpaena guttata Girard and the octopus Octopus bimaculatus Verrill were examined by observations of behavior in aquariums. California scorpionfish eat small octopuses, but they specifically evade large octopuses attempting to stalk them, in contrast with their defensive behavior, employing the venomous spines, against other potential predators. They appear to discriminate between predatory behavior and other kinds of behavior of octopuses. The observations suggest that, in nature, octopuses prey on scorpionfish, principally on the juveniles. Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3386 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z Taylor, Peter B; Chen, Lo-Chai http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3385 The crustacean X organ-sinus gland complex has been extensively studied and shown to regulate such diverse activities as molting, integumentary and retinal pigment movements, blood glucose levels, ovarian development, and many others. The elucidation of the controlling mechanisms of these activities is complicated by the interdependent relationships among them. Further complications arise from the fact that in crustaceans, as in most organisms, seasonal and life cycles may be superimposed upon daily cycles and changes. Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3385 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z Ono, Joyce K; Kamemoto, Fred I http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3384 Titaniferous Ferruginous latosols are an important group of Hawaiian soils. They have developed by pedogenetic weathering of the volcanic materials of basic and ultrabasic lava flows and their associated pyroclastic materials, under climatic conditions having definite alternating dry and wet seasons. The annual rainfall range for these soils is 30 to 60 inches. Under the native and undisturbed vegetation, these soils have a profile of very friable silt material with very little horizon differentiation. When exposed to dehydration by removal of the protective canopy cover of the forest, as occurs after forest fires, a tremendous change occurs in the soil profile morphology. The change is greater than the morphological differences which normally occur between the profiles of the Great Soil groups. A surface indurated horizon develops in which the bulk density and particle density have an approximate two-fold increase. The mineralogical changes are substantial. The amorphous hydrated titanium and iron oxides are converted into good crystalline forms of anatase, rutile, pseudo-brookite, titanohematite and titanomaghemite. In some cases these minerals develop from the weathering of titanomagnetite-ilmenite mixed crystals. The unusual characteristic of these soils is the apparent movement of the colloidal material in a very short space of time, which results in an accumulation of titaniferous minerals in the indurated surface horizon and the accumulation of amorphous silica giving weak X-ray diffraction patterns of alpha quartz on the very surface of the soil. Rutile is also identified along with the silica at the surface. Aluminum oxides are removed to the lower horizons and in some cases accumulated as irregularly shaped gibbsite nodules in scattered pockets below the clay horizon. Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3384 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z Walker, James L; Sherman, GD; Katsura, Takashi http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3383 The term "pothole" has been applied to a variety of depressions by many writers. The term is used here to describe depressions which are abraded and scoured by water and grinding tools under the influence of currents that produce a vortex motion. Elston (1918) referred to holes developed in this manner as "normal potholes," and Alexander (1932) used also the term "eddy holes" to describe depressions formed by this mechanism. Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3383 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z Abbott, Agatin T; Pottratz, Steven W http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3382 The story of rats at Eniwetok Atoll (Marshall Islands) and their apparently uncanny ability to survive atomic detonations and inhabit areas with high levels of radiation has been referred to in various documents (Berrill, 1966; Hines, 1962 and 1966; French, 1965; Woodbury, 1962); all are to some degree incomplete or in error. The purpose of this paper is to pull together the fragments of data that are available and, at this late date, attempt to piece together the story of the survival of rat populations at Eniwetok. Tue, 01 Jul 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3382 1969-07-01T00:00:00Z Jackson, William B http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3381 Wed, 01 Jan 1969 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3381 1969-01-01T00:00:00Z