Faculty and Researcher Works

Pacific Rim Russian Librarianship: Forgotten Collectors for the Hoover Institution on Manchuria

Polansky, Patricia — Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT

Collecting efforts by the Hoover Institution among Russian émigrés in China is a little-known story, told in this article through the biographies of Harold H. Fisher, Elena A. Varneck, Ivan I. Serebrennikov, and Robert V. Smith. The collection of documents, diaries, reports, books, and periodicals focuses on two broad topics: the Russian civil war in Siberia and the Far East, and the history of the Chinese Eastern Railway. The problems involved in collecting materials connected to events that recently occurred largely centered around money (especially the lack of it) and trying to decide whose materials were the most valuable.

Learning through hands-on activities: Student Ethnobotany experiments

Kamelamela, Katie — Sat, 01 Sep 2012 00:00:00 GMT

Make the most of the time that you have with students One example of how to engage students in ethnobotany labs through imagery and technology. The key is to get them to identify with a plant in order to understand why they are integral to society.

Archaeological Technician Training Kaho‛olawe Practicum Report

Uyeoka, Kelley L.; Kamelamela, Katie; Hammatt, Hallet — Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Plants of Kahoolawe: A Bi-lingual Digital Resource

Kamelamela, Katie; Thomas, Michael — Mon, 01 Aug 2011 00:00:00 GMT

Native Hawaiian culture is heavily dependent upon biological resources, primarily plant resources. Much of the biological and traditional knowledge about Kaho‘olawe is available only in English and not presented in the Hawaiian Language, also an official language of the State of Hawaii. The Joseph F. Rock Herbarium, Department of Botany at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa has initiated a biological plant database and digital collection of plants of Kahoolawe, supported by historical published literature and related digital plant photographs. Vascular plant species recorded on Kahoolawe were initially identified from literature research and species names were then updated utilizing the International Taxonomic Integrated System. A database model was developed for dissemination of the plants of Kaho‘olawe including presentation of taxonomic plant information, descriptions and digital photographs of herbarium specimen. The English web site interface terms were translated to complete the development of a Hawaiian language interface. Resulting from this project is a functional bi-lingual digital library, evaluation data, a standard methodology for documenting recorded traditional knowledge and increased awareness and use of the library reference collection. This project serves as a reproducible extensible model which other culturally digital biological library reference collections can utilize and will promote a greater awareness and understanding of the Native Hawaiian language and its relationship to a living culture. It is encouraged for institutions that provide support for Indigenous languages across the world to provide resources that people in the local community can utilize for the continuation of cultural perpetuation and preservation of knowledge. Poster Presentation http://www.herbarium.hawaii.edu/efloras/kahoolawe/

Imu o nui mai mauka i kai: Contemporary Native Hawaiian Gathering Practices in Culturally Vibrant Communities

Kamelamela, Katie — Mon, 01 Aug 2011 00:00:00 GMT

Communities around the world depend on plants for subsistence and cultural perpetuation. There is limited data available on contemporary gathering practices in indigenous communities worldwide. Factors affecting current gathering practices in Hawaii include ungulates, disease, invasive species, water diversion, urbanization, climate change and national security. This research addresses 1) what (42 of 196) plants Hawaiians commonly gathered and cultivated historically, 2) plants currently gathered in culturally vibrant communities, and 3) plants currently wanted or sold in Hawaii. In an ahupua’a case study it was observed that 60% of plants gathered were in support of imu practices. Imu, or umu, is a traditional food preparation technique utilized across Oceania for over 4,000 years, where staples are baked or steamed in an underground oven, for nutritional or ceremonial purposes. A comparison of gathering practices was conducted utilizing 2 years of participant observations, (20) semi-structured interviews, (130) surveys and online market tracking methodology. The gathering of native species for timber is a historical preference on Hawaii Island for imu and is possible because of continued land clearing in areas such as Puna and Hilo. Practitioners would rather see timber, native and invasive, be put to use rather than rot or used for mulch. Native Hawaiians still depend on plants for subsistence and cultural perpetuation. Understanding what plants are commonly gathered and what species the community would like to gather more of can provide insight for conservation efforts and place based partnerships in Hawaii. PDF Poster Presentation

Imu o nui mai mauka i kai-Contemporary Native Hawaiian Gathering Practices

Kamelamela, Katie — Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 GMT

Communities around the world depend on plants for subsistence and cultural perpetuation. There is limited data available on contemporary gathering practices in indigenous communities, especially within the Pacific. Factors affecting current gathering practices in Hawaii include ungulates, disease, invasive species, water diversion, urbanization, climate change and national security. This research addresses 1) what plants Hawaiians commonly gathered and cultivated historically, 2) plants currently gathered in culturally vibrant communities, and 3) plants currently wanted or sold in Hawaii. In an ahupua'a case study it was observed that 60% of plants gathered were in support of imu practices. Imu, or umu, is a traditional food preparation technique utilized across Oceania for over 4,000 years, where staples are baked or steamed in an underground oven, for nutritional or ceremonial purposes. A comparison of gathering practices was conducted utilizing 2 years of participant observations, (20) semi-structured interviews, (130) surveys and online market tracking methodology. The gathering of native species for timber is a historical preference on Hawaii Island for imu and is possible because of continued land clearing in areas such as Puna and Hilo. Practitioners would rather see timber, native and invasive, be put to use rather than rot or used for mulch. Native Hawaiians still depend on plants for subsistence and cultural perpetuation. Understanding what plants are commonly gathered and what species the community would like to gather more of can provide insight for conservation efforts and place based partnerships in Hawaii. Presentation posted on vimeo at https://vimeo.com/51649631

Aligning Paradigm Needs of Conservation and Culturally Vibrant Communities

Kamelamela, Katie — Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 GMT

Communities around the world depend on flora, fauna and minerals for contemporary subsistence and cultural perpetuation. The Hawaiian Islands case study reviewed here seeks to answer: 1) what are the current gathering practices of Native Hawaiians? 2) what proportion of plants gathered is native, Polynesian Introduced and introduced?, as well as 3) what implications do contemporary gathering practice interests have for conservation in Hawaii? From 2008-2010 participant observation and semi-structured interviews recorded over 44 plant species to be gathered, with most being introduced after the arrival of 1778 (n=21), followed by Polynesian-introduced (n=14) and then Native (n=9). In comparative semi-structured interviews (n=20) conducted between Oahu and Hawaii Island, which focused on plants used in traditional underground cooking techniques or imu, in 2011 illustrates how resources (human, environmental) influence availability and species preference for firewood. Mesquite (Prosopis pallida), like many other introduced species, has been given a Hawaiian name Kiawe, a measure of its significance in Hawaii. Kiawe is a dryland plant species introduced to Hawaii in the 1880s as fodder for cattle. Today kiawe has been identified by users as the most commonly gathered and valued resource for firewood (85%) but is also identified as a "pest plant" by conservation managers. It is imperative to know what kinds of plants people use and their understanding of what "native" means. To provide insight to conservation efforts and place-based partnerships in Hawaii a paradigm expansion to align management needs with local cultures' needs must include integrating this understanding into extension and management.

No Signs of Slowing Down: The Renaissance of Taiwanese Cinema

Wang, George — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT

King Hu and Run Run Shaw: The Clash of Two Cinema Legends

Wang, George — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT

King Hu is revered as one of the most influential film-makers of Chinese cinema. Run Run Shaw is the legendary tycoon behind the renowned media kingdom Shaw Brothers. After Hu joined Shaw Brothers in 1958 as an actor, it was Shaw who offered Hu his first career opportunities to write and direct. But animosity and differences came between them to the extent that they would never collaborate again after making history with their groundbreaking success Da zui xia/Come Drink with Me (1966). This article chronicles King Hu’s arduous yet invaluable tenure at the flourishing film studio operated by Run Run Shaw. It examines the reasons for their differences and speculates on the possible outcomes to Hu’s subsequent career had their contentious relationship never existed.

Durham Cathedral Library MS A.IV.19, fols. 61r11-88v

Jolly, Karen — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT

To Raise a Voice in Praise: The Revivalist Mission of John Henry Wise, 1889 - 1896

Williams, Ronald Jr — Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 GMT

This essay examines the determined revivalist efforts by officers of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association (HEA) at the close of the 19th century to blunt a severe and ongoing loss of Native membership within the Protestant churches of the former American Mission. Specifically, it highlights the administrative board’s drafting of a young Native Hawaiian named John Henry Wise to lead this evangelical operation, his training in the United States, and the dramatic outcome that followed his return, in 1893, to native soil. It contests previous representations of submissive, “missionized,” Native Hawaiian Christians by highlighting Native action and agency while also positing the Wise example as representative of a broader struggle that was enveloping the Native churches of the HEA.

Inhibition of colonic aberrant crypt formation by the dietary flavonoids (+)-catechin and hesperidin.

Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT

The nitration product 5-nitro-gamma-tocopherol is increased in the Alzheimer brain.

Fri, 01 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT

Oxidative stress and quasi-inflammatory processes recently have been recognized as contributing factors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Reactive nitrating species have specifically been implicated in AD based on immunochemical and instrumental detection of nitrotyrosine in AD brain protein. The significance of lipid-phase nitration has not been investigated in AD. This study documents a significant two- to threefold increase in the lipid nitration product 5-nitro-gamma-tocopherol in affected regions of the AD brain as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In a bioassay to compare the relative potency of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol against nitrative stress, rat brain mitochondria were exposed to the peroxynitrite-generating compound SIN-1. The oxidation-sensitive Kreb's cycle enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase was inactivated by SIN-1, in a manner that could be significantly attenuated by gamma-tocopherol (at <10 microM) but not by alpha-tocopherol. These data indicate that nitric oxide-derived species are significant contributors to lipid oxidation in the AD brain. The findings are discussed in reference to the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of AD and the possible role of gamma-tocopherol as a major lipid-phase scavenger of reactive nitrogen species.

Bioavailability and antioxidant effects of orange juice components in humans.

Franke, Adrian A; Cooney, Robert V; Henning, Susanne M; Custer, Laurie J — Wed, 01 Jun 2005 00:00:00 GMT

Seven healthy females and six males consumed daily 256 mg of vitamin C, 271 mg of flavanones (mainly as glycosides), 6 mg of carotenoids (mainly xanthophylls and cryptoxanthins), and 0.16 mg of folate by incorporation of daily three times 236 mL of not from concentrate orange juice (OJ) into their habitual diet. At the end of 3 weeks, mean vitamin C, folate, carotenoid, and flavanone plasma concentrations increased significantly relative to baseline by 59% (p < 0.001), 46% (p = 0.018), and 22% (p < 0.001), and 8-fold (p = 0.045), respectively. Flavanones were excreted in urine 9-fold more at the end of the intervention (p = 0.01) but returned to baseline 2 days after study completion. After the 3 week intervention, plasma concentrations of vitamins A and E did not change. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in white blood cells declined by 16% (p = 0.38; n = 11), and in individuals with high baseline concentrations by 29% (p = 0.36; n = 7), respectively. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratios decreased but cholesterol (HDL, LDL, total) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance plasma concentrations did not change significantly. We conclude from this pilot study that OJ is an excellent food source to enhance circulating concentrations of valuable hydrophilic as well as lipophilic phytochemicals.

Tocopherols and prostate cancer.

Cooney, Robert V — Fri, 01 Sep 2006 00:00:00 GMT

Enhancement of intracellular gamma-tocopherol levels in cytokine-stimulated C3H 10T1/2 fibroblasts: relation to NO synthesis, isoprostane formation, and tocopherol oxidation.

Tanaka, Yuichiro; Wood, Leslie A Lesoon; Cooney, Robert V — Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT

Stimulation of C3H 10T1/2 murine fibroblasts with interferon-gamma(IFN) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species leading to DNA damage, lipid oxidation, and tocopherol oxidation. The tocopherols possess unique chemical and biological properties that suggest they have important roles related to intracellular defense against radical-mediated damage.; Despite increased levels of reactive oxidants and decreased media tocopherol, cellular levels of gamma-tocopherol, but not alpha-tocopherol, were observed to increase significantly when cells were treated with IFN/LPS. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by a specific inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) increased both intracellular alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol concentrations, but did not significantly alter the reduction in media tocopherol levels caused by IFN/LPS treatment. Both exposure to exogenous NO and cellular synthesis of NO in cell culture increased media levels of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha, a marker of oxidative lipid damage, whereas inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis reduced media 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha formation to control levels.; Elevated intracellular levels of gamma-tocopherol in response to the cellular inflammatory state may indicate that it serves a unique role in minimizing cellular damage resulting from endogenous NO synthesis. Results of the current study suggest that NO is an important mediator of damage within the cell, as well as in the oxidation of both alpha- and gamma-tocopherols. The paradoxical increase in cellular tocopherol associated with the induction of NO synthesis may indicate either enhanced cellular transport/decreased export for tocopherols or recruitment of free tocopherol from tocopherol storage molecules.

Association of leptin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone in women.

Maetani, Micah; Maskarinec, Gertraud; Franke, Adrian A; Cooney, Robert V — Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Vitamin D deficiency and adipocytokines have been implicated in the etiology of aging-related diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, and diseases of the cardiovascular system. The association between elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-VitD) in plasma is used to define vitamin D deficiency, yet their associated mechanistic pathways are unclear. Utilizing plasma samples from women in a previous intervention study, we measured plasma 25-OH-VitD, leptin, adiponectin, PTH, and lipid levels. We observed strong positive associations for leptin with PTH, gamma -tocopherol, and body mass index (BMI) and inverse associations with 25-OH-VitD and adiponectin. Although commonly accepted that vitamin D deficiency causes hyperparathyroidism, we observed this association primarily in individuals with elevated leptin levels, suggesting that leptin may be an important modifier of this effect consistent with 25-OH-VitD-mediated inhibition of leptin. Leptin was highly correlated with the BMI/25-OH-VitD ratio (r = 0.80; P < 0.0001), consistent with a model in which BMI (adiposity) and 25-OH-VitD are the primary determinants of circulating leptin and PTH levels. This model may explain the failure of some studies to observe elevated PTH in vitamin D deficient adolescents and provides important insight into epidemiological studies exploring the associations of these individual biomarkers with chronic disease risk and mortality.

Plasma carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study: a nested case-control study.

Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Assessments by the handful of prospective studies of the association of serum antioxidants and breast cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results. This multiethnic nested case-control study sought to examine the association of plasma carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols with postmenopausal breast cancer risk.; From the biospecimen subcohort of the Multiethnic Cohort Study, 286 incident postmenopausal breast cancer cases were matched to 535 controls on age, sex, ethnicity, study location (Hawaii or California), smoking status, date/time of collection and hours of fasting. We measured prediagnostic circulating levels of individual carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.; Women with breast cancer tended to have lower levels of plasma carotenoids and tocopherols than matched controls, but the differences were not large or statistically significant and the trends were not monotonic. No association was seen with retinol. A sensitivity analysis excluding cases diagnosed within 1 year after blood draw did not alter the findings.; The lack of significant associations in this multiethnic population is consistent with previously observed results from less racially-diverse cohorts and serves as further evidence against a causal link between plasma micronutrient concentrations and postmenopausal breast cancer risk.

Inflammatory markers in a 2-year soy intervention among premenopausal women.

Maskarinec, Gertraud; Steude, Jana S; Franke, Adrian A; Cooney, Robert V — Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Epidemiologic evidence supports a role of soy foods in breast cancer etiology. Because chronic inflammation appears to be a critical component in carcinogenesis, we examined the potential anti-inflammatory effects of soy foods.; The original 2-year dietary intervention randomized 220 premenopausal women of whom 183 women (90 in the intervention group and 93 in the control group) were included in the current investigation; 40% were of Asian ancestry. The intervention group consumed two daily soy servings containing 50 mg of isoflavones (aglycone equivalents), whereas the controls maintained their regular diet. Five serum samples obtained at month 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 were analyzed for interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, and adiponectin by ELISA. For statistical analysis, mixed models were applied to incorporate the repeated measurements.Results:The levels of all analytes were lower in Asian than Caucasian women. Overweight women had significantly higher levels of CRP, IL-6, and leptin and lower levels of adiponectin than normal weight women. We did not observe a significant effect of soy foods on the four markers, but leptin increased in the control and not in the intervention group (p = 0.20 for group-time effect); this difference was significant for Asian (p = 0.01) and obese women (p = 0.005).; During this 2-year intervention, soy foods did not modify serum levels of CRP, IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin in premenopausal women although leptin levels remained stable among women in the intervention group who were obese or of Asian ancestry. Further studies with diverse markers of inflammation are necessary to clarify the specific effect of soy on immune responses.

Association of plasma micronutrient levels and urinary isoprostane with risk of lung cancer: the multiethnic cohort study.

Wed, 01 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Although smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, there is evidence to suggest that fruit and vegetable intake are important cofactors. The present case-control study, nested within the Multiethnic Cohort Study, examined the associations of biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake (individual plasma micronutrient levels), serum selenium, and a urinary biomarker for total lipid peroxidation with lung cancer risk. Two hundred seven incident cases were matched to 414 controls on age, sex, ethnicity, study location (Hawaii or California), smoking status, date/time of collection, and hours of fasting. We measured prediagnositic circulating levels of individual tocopherols and carotenoids, retinol, and serum selenium, and urinary 15-isoprostane F(2t). Conditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). For men, strong reductions in risk were seen with increasing tertiles of each plasma carotenoid, with the ORs for the third tertile, compared with the first tertile, ranging from 0.24 to 0.45 (P(trends), 0.002-0.04). No associations were found among women for carotenoids or among either sex for tocopherols, selenium, and retinol. A doubling in risk was seen for men in the second and third tertiles, compared with the first tertile of urinary 15-isoprostane F(2t) (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.02-5.25; and OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 0.98-4.78). This study supports the previously observed association between circulating carotenoids and lung cancer risk in men, and adds to the limited literature regarding urinary 15-isoprostane F(2t) as a marker of cancer risk. Future research examining the possible relationship between isoprostanes and lung cancer is warranted.