Zoology (Marine Biology)

Behavioral responses of juvenile sandbar sharks, Carcharhinus plumbeus, to direct current and alternating current stimuli

Fitzgerald, Timothy P. — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT

Heading on microfiche: Fitzgerald, Timothy Patrick. Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-50). Also available on microfiche.

Environmental surveys reveal diversity in free-living populations of Symbiodinium from Caribbean and Pacific reefs

Manning, Mackenzie Marie — Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2006.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-38).; v, 38 leaves, bound 29 cm

Temporal effects of sound on the odontocete auditory system : An electrophysiological analysis

Mooney, T. Aran — Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.; It can be concluded that sounds of varying temporal characteristics are processed in a variety of ways. While there are similarities between odontocete species auditory systems, there are also divergent characteristics. The model of predicting threshold shift presented here was compared to both terrestrial mammal and marine mammal data to ensure robustness of data. Such auditory generalizations should be similarly carefully weighed when applied, especially regarding the many species for which little is known.; Sound is likely the primary sensory modality for odontocete cetaceans (toothed whales and dolphins). As is typical of mammals, acoustic temporal patterns are important for odontocetes to detect, identify, and classify sound sources. Over-exposure to certain sounds may also affect odontocete hearing capabilities. This dissertation explores the auditory capabilities of odontocetes in respect to broadband acoustic signals of various temporal characteristics. The specific goals of the work included: (i) investigate the temporal resolution of several species of odontocetes, (ii) examine the noise exposure intensities and durations required to induce temporary hearing threshold shifts, and (iii) calculate a model of predicting threshold shift occurrence and evaluate its fit to the equal energy hypothesis of noise exposure.; The results demonstrate that dolphin auditory temporal resolution is quite rapid relative to terrestrial mammals and likely capable of following echolocation clicks and echoes at very close ranges, when inter-click-intervals are very short. The odontocete temporal processing capability is similar in bandwidth across multiple species thus indicates that this trait is conserved and has likely been selected for by the need to process underwater sound and for echolocation. How odontocetes receive sound seems to differ between species and is likely dependent on the morphology of the head and acoustic fats used to gather incoming sound. Predicting effects of noise exposure and hearing temporary threshold shifts onset did not follow an equal energy model. Rather short, intense signals required significantly more energy to induce shifts than longer duration noise. Sonar signals consequently require very intense sound levels to induce threshold shifts.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves xxx-xxx).; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; 204 leaves, bound 29 cm

Reproductive ecology and distritution of the scleractinian coral Fungia scutaria in Kane‘ohe Bay, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Lacks, Amy L — Tue, 01 Aug 2000 00:00:00 GMT

In Hawaii, abundance of the scleractinian Fungia scutaria is thought to have been in decline in recent years due to disturbances to Kaneohe Bay, where an unusually dense population exists. This study examines factors that could limit population growth in this coral. Sexual reproduction occurred throughout the summer. Experimental data from sperm dilution studies suggested that eggs must be released within 2m of a spawning male for successful fertilization to occur. Field surveys indicated that many patch reefs exhibited high enough densities to yield successful fertilization. However, since field surveys found that only a small percentage (1 %) of juvenile corals (5 cm in length) resulted from settled larvae, post-fertilization processes may be limiting successful recruitment. Asexual reproduction appears to be dominant, with 70% of corals occurring in close aggregations, and 93% of these in aggregations made up of a single color-morph. Thesis (M. A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2000. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-74).

The Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Reef Corals and the Sun-Screening Role of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids

Kuffner, Ilsa Boysen — Wed, 01 Dec 1999 00:00:00 GMT

Shallow-dwelling scleractinian corals live in high irradiance environments where they are exposed to large fluxes of ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280 - 400 nm). A suite of UV-aborbing compounds, know as mycosporine-like amino acids, is found within the tissues of coral-algal symbioses and may perform a sun-screening role. The seasonal variation in MAA concentration was investigated for two corals in Kaneohe Bay, Hawai'i, Porites compressa and Montipora verrucosa. Regressions of MAA concentration and the amount of UVR measured prior to collection date were not significant for total MAA concentration of either species. However, individual MAAs, shinorine in P. compressa and palythene in M. verrucosa, did show significant correlation with UVR. The effects of UVR and water motion on Porites compressa were investigated in a flume and in the field. Exposure to ambient UVR was the most important factor tested in determining the concentration of MAAs in the tissues of P. compressa. Water motion also positively affected the concentration of MAAs, but only in the presence of UVR. When UVR was screened from the corals' environment, the tissue concentration of MAAs slowly decreased over time (approximately 2.5 to 5% per week) regardless of water motion. The effect of UVR on coral planulae was investigated in field experiments with Pocillopora damicornis. Larvae were taken from four different source adults: those from <0.5 m, those from 3 m, those incubated in the absence of UVR for two months, and those incubated in ambient UVR for two months. Deep larvae and larvae from adults incubated in the absence of UVR had roughly half the amount ofMAAs found in the shallow larvae and the larvae from adults in ambient UVR. Origin of larvae was not a significant factor in determining larval survival or recruitment success. UVR, however, was important in determining recruitment rate. Larvae were less likely to recruit to the settlement tile in the presence of ambient UVR than in treatments where the UVR was screened out. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1999. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-164).

Growth Rate of Fungia Scutaria in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu

Bosch, Herman F — Tue, 06 Apr 2010 05:12:47 GMT

The annual growth rate of the solitary coral Fungia scutaria Lamarck was determined by observed increases in skeletal length and width. Growth was followed for periods varying from 7.5 to 9.0 months during 1963 and 1964. Measurements were made in situ at the center of fungid distribution in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, where there exists an aggregation of Fungia which is atypically dense for the Hawaiian Islands. Although this bay provides a relatively optimal environment for the growth of Fungia, as demonstrated by their abundance and increased rate of growth, variations in growth rate is apparently as erratic here as in other areas. Growth curves, constructed for various arbitrarily selected size-classes of Fungia, confirm earlier observations of greater rates of skeletal growth in the smaller corals. The results of this study indicate the necessity of basing reliable estimates of coral growth rate upon an adequate sampling, taking into account the past history and size of the corals measured.

The early life history and reproductive behavior of the maomao, Abudefduf abdominalis (Quoy and Gaimard)

Helfrich, Philip — Fri, 01 Aug 1958 00:00:00 GMT

Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 218-228.

The physiology of digestion of Holothuria Atra Jager with special reference to its role in the ecology of coral reefs.

Trefz, Shirley — Wed, 01 Jan 1958 00:00:00 GMT

Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 122-124.

A contribution to the Biology of the Acanthuridae (Surgeon fishes)

Randall, John E — Wed, 01 Jun 1955 00:00:00 GMT

Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 395-422.

The systematics of the Cypraeidae as elucidated by a study of Cypraea Caputserpentis and related forms

Kay, Elizabeth — Sat, 01 Jun 1957 00:00:00 GMT

Typescript. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1957. Bibliography: leaves 257-271.

The Salpidae of the Central Pacific ocean, taxonomy and certain aspects of their ecology

Yount, James — Sun, 01 Aug 1954 00:00:00 GMT

Typescript. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1954. Bibliography: leaves [203]-208.

Development Of Mechanosensory Responses In Myelinated Copepods

Funk, Kevin R. — Mon, 01 Aug 2005 00:00:00 GMT