http://hdl.handle.net/10125/2098 Sun, 19 May 2013 19:21:51 GMT 2013-05-19T19:21:51Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20717 Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.; A case study on typhoon Prapiroon (2000) is performed to examine the role of TCED in the following cyclogenesis in nature. Sensitivity experiments suggest that the previous TC would modulate the large-scale environmental circulations, thus affect the formation of its sequential storm.; A remarkable asymmetry appears in the perturbation growth of the wave train in the presence of vertical wind shears. That is, an easterly (westerly) wind shear confines the wave to the lower (upper) level. It is suggested that the vertical shear may impact the Rossby wave train development through both the barotropic-baroclinic mode coupling and the modulation of the group velocity by the mean flow through a "Doppler shift effect". The destabilization of Rossby wave train by regional easterly vertical shears has important implications.; The 3D Rossby wave energy dispersion of a TC is studied using a baroclinic primitive equation model. The numerical results demonstrate more complex 3D energy dispersion characteristics than 2D barotropic dynamics. A key feature associated with the formation of 3D wave train is a downward propagation of the relative vorticity and kinetic energy. The upper anticyclonic circulation rapidly induces an intense asymmetric outflow jet in the southeast quadrant, which influences the lower-level Rossby wave train formation. On one hand, the outflow jet exerts an indirect effect on the strength of lower-level wave train through changing in TC intensity and structure. On the other hand, it triggers downward energy propagation, which may further enhance the lower level Rossby wave train formation.; The interaction between a tropical cyclone and idealized intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is investigated. Once a TC develops in the ITCZ region which satisfies barotropic and baroclinic instability, the southeastward energy dispersion from the TC may accelerate ITCZ breakdown, and the interaction between the convective heating and the perturbation circulations may lead to the generation of new tropical cyclone to the east. Through repeating of the above process, a synoptic-scale wave train oriented in the northwest-southeast direction can be generated and self-maintained.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-159).; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; 159 leaves, bound 29 cm Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20717 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Ge, Xuyang http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20716 Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.; On the intraseasonal timescale, extreme active and break phases of the ISM often bring about devastating floods and severe droughts. The concurrent buildup of the anomalous high over Central Asia and the arrival of tropical convection over northern India increase the likelihood of occurrence of a heavy rainy period over the NISM region. Two predictors may be used to predict the extreme active/break phases of the northern ISM: normalized 200-hPa geopotential height over Central Asia and outgoing longwave radiation over southern India. Once the mean of the two predictors exceeds a threshold unit 1.0, an extreme phase is anticipated to occur over northern India after six to seven days.; This study also reveals a significant, coupled intraseasonal variation between a Rossby wavetrain across the Eurasian continent and the summer monsoon convection in northwestern India and Pakistan (referred to as NISM hereafter). The time-lagged SVD analysis shows that the mid-latitude wavetrain originates from the northeastern Atlantic and traverses Europe to central Asia. The wavetrain enhances the upper-level high pressure and reinforces the convection over the NISM region; meanwhile, it propagates further toward East Asia along the wave guide provided by the westerly jet. After an outbreak of NISM convection, the anomalous central Asian high retreats westward.; This study investigates the most recurrent coupled pattern of interannual variability between the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude circulation and the tropical convection (between 15°S and 30°N) during the northern summer (June to September). The leading singular value decomposition (SVD) pattern reveals a significant, coupled interannual variation between a circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern and strong tropical convection pattern associated with the La Nina phase of Equatorial Eastern Pacific sea surface temperature. The CGT, having a zonal wavenumber five structure, is primarily positioned within a waveguide associated with the westerly jetstream. The spatial phases of CGT tend to lock to preferred longitudes. The CGT is accompanied by significant rainfall and surface air temperature anomalies in the continental regions of West Europe, European Russia, India, East Asia and North America. This implies that the CGT may be a source of climate variability and predictability in the midlatitude regions.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-152).; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; 152 leaves, bound 29 cm Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20716 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Ding, Qinghua http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20715 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-34).; ix, 60 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20715 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Murillo, Shirley T http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20714 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-88).; ix, 88 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20714 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Dettmer-Shea, Cynthia B http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20713 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-186).; xxii, 186 leaves, bound 29 cm Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20713 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z Jayawardena, Ilukpitiya Mudiyanselage Shiromani Priyanthika http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20712 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-82).; ix, 82 leaves, bound 29 cm Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20712 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z Fuentes, Paul A http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20711 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-97).; ix, 97 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20711 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z Tytell, Jonathan E http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20710 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-102).; xi, 102 leaves, bound ill. (some col.) 29 cm Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20710 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z Sitkowski, Matthew http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20709 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71).; x, 71 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20709 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira M http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20708 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2006.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-77).; xii, 77 leaves, bound col. ill. 29 cm Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20708 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Squires, Kirt A http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20707 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2006.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-159).; xv, 159 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20707 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Nguyen, Hiep Van http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20706 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2006.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 28-29).; vii, 58 leaves, bound 29 cm Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20706 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Wu, Peng, 1981 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20705 Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-65).; ix, 66 leaves, bound 29 cm Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20705 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Ellis, Ryan T http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20704 Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.; The implications of this work are that the DE and LA model output can be used in quantitative applications of the PacNet over the Pacific Ocean. For example, storms over the North Pacific Ocean are often poorly forecast due to the lack of observations over the ocean and insufficient initial conditions in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. By virtue of the relationship between lightning and convective rainfall rates, PacNet data hold promise as input for NWP models as a proxy for latent heat release in convection.; The performance of the PacNet was assessed. Lightning detection efficiency (DE) and location accuracy (LA) model calibration procedures are detailed, and comparisons of model results with lightning observations from the PacNet in correlation with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite's Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) are presented.; The results of the data analysis show a consistent logarithmic increase in convective rainfall rate with increasing lightning rates. Moreover, other storm characteristics, such as radar reflectivity and ice water path, show a similar logarithmic increase.; The waveguide between the earth's surface and the ionosphere allows very low frequency emissions generated by lightning, called sferics, to propagate over long distances. The new Pacific Lightning Detection Network (PacNet) utilizes this attribute to monitor lightning activity over the North Pacific Ocean with a network of ground-based lightning detectors.; These results were utilized to assimilate lightning data from PacNet into a NWP model. A lightning data assimilation (LDA) system was programmed, which nudged the model's latent heating rates according to rainfall derived from lightning observations.; To investigate the relationships between lightning and other storm properties, lightning data from PacNet and LIS were compared to data from TRMM's precipitation radar and microwave imager. Three years of data over the North Pacific Ocean were analyzed.; Two cases were analyzed. A rapidly deepening extratropical cyclone approaching the west coast of the U.S. was poorly forecast initially. The use of LDA improved the storm central-pressure forecast significantly. In the second case, a squall line associated with a Kona low moved over Hawaii. The location and timing of the squall line was improved using LDA.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves xxx-xxx).; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; 187 leaves, bound 29 cm Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20704 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Pessi, Antti http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20703 Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.; A conceptual model of how a TUTT cell can influence TC track is presented. The model provides quantified, decision-grade operational guidance for TC forecasters using pattern recognition scenarios. Application of the conceptual model at the JTWC is currently underway.; Eleven tropical cyclones (TCs) are examined using the latest ECMWF reanalysis (ERA-40) and JTWC best track data to determine how tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT) cells influence TC tracks. This type of interaction has led to enormous TC track forecast errors at 72 hour (2000+ km) in the northwest Pacific and are often overlooked and under-forecast frequently due to poor numerical model TUTT cell forecasts. Cases are selected because a TC exhibited a "non-standard" track, a TUTT cell was the sole large-scale transient feature within 2000 km of the TC's center, and the TC intensity was >17 m s -1. Analysis shows that the circulations' separation distance, orientation, intensity, and the depth and breadth of the TUTT cell's closed circulation are critical characteristics in determining the likelihood of a TUTT cell influencing a TC's track. Interactions occur at distances greater than 1700 km, continue for periods ranging from 24 to 48 hours and happen 2-3 times per year in this active TC basin.; Examination of the TC's deep layer mean (DLM), upper, middle and lower layers along with various quadrants of the upper layer (100-500 hPa) demonstrate a link between the TUTT cell's wind field and the non-standard TC tracks. The TC's 5°-7° mass-weighted DLM steering environment is found to be closest to actual TC motion in most cases. TC intensity variations and circulation proximity sometimes results in the DLM's 3°-5° radial band being closer to actual TC motion.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves xxx-xxx).; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; 180 leaves, bound 29 cm Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20703 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z Patla, Jason E http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11734 Typescript.; Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1966.; Bibliography: leaves [91]-97.; ix, 97 l graphs, tables Sat, 01 Jan 1966 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11734 1966-01-01T00:00:00Z Wagner, Norman Keith http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11733 Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-207).; Electronic reproduction.; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; xviii, 207 leaves, bound ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) 29 cm Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11733 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z Zhang, Yongxin http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11732 Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-164).; Electronic reproduction.; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; xviii, 164 leaves, bound ill. (some col.) 29 cm Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11732 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z Yang, Bo http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11731 Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-175).; Electronic reproduction.; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; xx, 175 leaves, bound ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) 29 cm Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11731 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z Wang, Zhuo http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11730 Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-156).; Electronic reproduction.; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; xv, 156 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11730 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z Jiang, Xianan