http://hdl.handle.net/10125/2034 Wed, 19 Jun 2013 06:03:26 GMT 2013-06-19T06:03:26Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11523 Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-192).; Electronic reproduction.; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; vii, 192 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11523 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Li, Yanfeng, 1964 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11522 Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 284-301).; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; xxiv, 301 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11522 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z Hayden, Jeffrey J http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11521 Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-232).; Electronic reproduction.; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; xiv, 232 leaves, bound 29 cm Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11521 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z Chu, Chengzhi, 1966 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6913 This dissertation is based on research that investigates uses of the evaluative adverb jiu in evaluating time and quantity. Uses of jiu in Beijing Mandarin and Taiwan Mandarin are compared and contrasted. In Beijing Mandarin,jiu indicates "early", "a shorttime", or "small quantity" in some cases, and "late", "a long time", or "large quantity" in others. In Taiwan Mandarinjiu 'primarily indicates "early", "a short time", and "small quantity". These differences cause ambiguities and comprehension problems in communication and language learning. My research aims at finding disambiguating factors in Beijing Mandarin and Taiwan Mandarin via three tasks. First, reasons for ambiguities are investigated by comparing different meanings of jiu in Beijing Mandarin and Taiwan Mandarin. Second, the significance of stress when disambiguating meanings in spoken Mandarin is investigated via a listening test. Third effective, disambiguating factors are explored through analysis of a language corpus and listing adverbs that have semantic and pragmatic meanings similar to jiu. A language corpus of around one, and a half million vocabulary items was used to find actual textual examples of the evaluative adverb jiu in Beijing Mandarin and Taiwan Mandarin. This corpus includes two groups of novels: those written by native Taiwanese writers called Bensheng Ren (native resident) who were born and educated in Taiwan, and those written by native Beijing Mandarin speakers. Two software programs PCTMD - Personal Computer Taiwanese-Mandarin Database (Cheng and Gammon, 1998) and Sentence Searcher (TM) (Gammon, 1998) were used to search the corpus for all sentences containing jiu. These sentences were sorted into various categories according to their meanings and functions in order to investigate the similarities and differences of jiu in Beijing Mandarin and in Taiwan Mandarin. This process identified reasons for the ambiguities. A listening test was developed to test the significance of stress when distinguishing different meanings of jiu in oral communication. Twenty native Beijing Mandarin speakers and twenty native Taiwan Mandarin speakers participated in the test. The results show that in Beijing Mandarin stress plays an important role in distinguishing meaning in ambiguous situations. Stress does not, however, work effectively in Taiwan Mandarin. In written communication in the selected texts, a clear context is effective in disambiguation. Besides context, jiu's versatile meanings and functions in Beijing Mandarin are compared to similar adverbs preferred in Taiwan Mandarin such as zhi, cai and yijing in the speaker's evaluation of time and quantity. As above, using stress in oral communication and giving clear context in written communication are effective disambiguating strategies. For Chinese foreign language pedagogy we recommend that jiu be presented in various patterns or constructions instead of as an individual function word. xv, 237 leaves Mon, 01 Dec 2003 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6913 2003-12-01T00:00:00Z Tian, Yuan http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3078 Modality, known as "Qing Tai Ci" in Mandarin, is one of the most important parts in a natural language. Failure to properly grasp the use of modality may cause unexpected misunderstandings. This paper, firstly, uses the definitions of the concept of modality proposed by western linguists, and then makes a syntactic and semantic comparison of modal expressions in both Mandarin and English. In view that modal expressions are a large inventory in these two languages, this paper, in Mandarin, selects and focuses on the analysis of modal auxiliaries hui, neng, keyi, yao, dei, and modal adverbs yiding, yinggai, kenengldagailyexu. In English, it includes WILL (BE GOING TO), CAN, MAY, MUST, and OUGHT TO with its variant, SHOULD. The negated modal expressions are discussed under the wide and the narrow scopes of the negation. The Klima (1964) tests, mainly used for Indo-European languages, are applied to Mandarin modals in Chapter Five of this paper. Aside from the comparison of Mandarin and English modal expressions, Chapter Six, utilizing corpora linguistic study, compares the negated modal usages in Taiwan Mandarin and Beijing Mandarin. This paper only concentrates on the linguistic features of the selected modals. It is definitely necessary to have an integrated analysis on all the modal expressions in both Mandarin and English from the pedagogical prospective. It is the ambition of the author to continue studying modality with a symbiotic approach of Linguistics and Pedagogy. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 207-213).; Electronic reproduction.; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; xii, 213 leaves, bound 29 cm Wed, 01 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3078 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z Wang, Shao-ling http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3045 This dissertation presents the results of an extensive and in-depth investigation of Mandarin Resultative Verbal Compounds (RVCs) carried out to uncover the semantic complexity hidden under their syntactic simplicity. A fresh perspective is adopted to achieve a new and more reasonable account of RVCs, especially with respect to their event aspects and thematic roles. The implications of these theoretic findings for teaching and learning RVCs are also discussed. In Chapter 1 it is argued that a cognitive approach can shed much fresh light on the study of RVCs. Although several previous works have studied RVCs from both formal and functional perspectives, they tend to be flawed by excessive formalism or functionalism. This study examines RVCs by using Compositional Cognitive Grammar (CCG) to achieve a desired balance between rigid formalism and loose functionalism. Chapter 2 gives a comprehensive picture of CCG with particular detail given to the level of Semantic Structure representations, which mediates the cognitive content and abstract form of a sentence. Based on this framework, the following two chapters study RVCs from two perspectives: RVCs as the composition of simple events, and RVCs as hosting the thematic roles for all event participants. Chapter 3 explores Mandarin aspectual types, focusing on those in an RVC. An RVC is analyzed as a composition of two general-verbs (g-verbs), representing two causally and temporally connected events. I categorize six event types and further classify 1505 Chinese g-verbs based on these six types. By employing Aspectual Composition, which captures the lively moment of interaction between two event aspects, an explicit computational method is formulated which rigorously derives the aspect of a complex event from the aspects of its composing simple events. No ad hoc adjustment rules intervene in obtaining the predicted correct results. Chapter 4 applies similar rigorous and precise computational rules to the thematic roles in the composing simple events to obtain the thematic roles in the complex event in an RVCs. The final chapter, chapter 5, discusses the pedagogical implications of these theoretic findings concerning RVCs. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-208).; Electronic reproduction.; Also available by subscription via World Wide Web; x, 238 leaves, bound 29 cm Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3045 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z Wang, Haidan