http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1051 Sun, 19 May 2013 15:10:45 GMT 2013-05-19T15:10:45Z http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:80/bitstream/id/2931/PacSci.jpg http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1051 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1642 Tue, 01 Jan 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1642 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1641 The labrid genus Pseudolabrus is represented in the islands of the southeast Pacific by three previously known species, P. fuentesi, P. semifasciatus, and P. gayi. A new species from Rapa, P. torotai, is described; it closely resembles P. semifasciatus from Easter Island, but is distinctive in having a completely banded color pattern on the body, compared to the half-banded pattern of P. semifasciatus. Wed, 01 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1641 1980-10-01T00:00:00Z Russell, Barry C; Randall, John E http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1640 Two new wrasses of the genus Halichoeres are described: H. chrysus, a bright-yellow species with one to three black spots in the dorsal fin and one at the upper base of the caudal fin, which occurs in the western Pacific and at Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean; and H. melasmapomus, which is distinctive in having a large blue-edged black spot on the opercle, and occurs in Oceania, the western Pacific, and at Christmas and Cocos-Keeling Islands in the Indian Ocean. Halichoeres leparensis is shown to be the female of H. argus. The male and female color phases of H. melanurus are differentiated. Halichoeres gymnocephalus is synonymized as the female of H. chloropterus and H. kawarin as the male of H. timorensis. The very different juvenile color patterns of H. podostigma and H. prosopeion are described. Wed, 01 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1640 1980-10-01T00:00:00Z Randall, John E http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1639 Cirripectes auritus is described from the Line Islands in the central Pacific, southeast Asia, and the western Indian Ocean. It is distinguished from other Cirripectes in having a small black flap with a fringe of tiny yellow cirri on either side of the nape, a low number of premaxillary and dentary incisor teeth, 15-17 dorsal and 16-18 anal rays, and a reduced number of cephalic sensory pores. Wed, 01 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1639 1980-10-01T00:00:00Z Carlson, Bruce A http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1638 A new species of snapping shrimp, Alpheus randalli, which was collected in association with a goby, Amblyeleotris sp., in the Marquesas is described. A shrimp of similar coloration and association was observed in the Indian Ocean. This species is the second of the Edwardsii group reported to live in association with gobies. Wed, 01 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1638 1980-10-01T00:00:00Z Banner, Albert H; Banner, Dora M http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1637 Wed, 01 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1637 1980-10-01T00:00:00Z Bruce, AJ http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1636 Anatomy and cnidae distinguish two species of deep-sea actinians that produce coiled, chitinous shells inhabited by hermit crabs of the genus Parapagurus. The actinian type species, Stylobates aeneus, first assigned to the Mollusca, occurs around Hawaii and Guam with P. dofleini. Stylobates cancrisocia, originally described as Isadamsia cancrisocia, occurs off east Africa with P. trispinosus. Wed, 01 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1636 1980-10-01T00:00:00Z Dunn, Daphne Fautin; Devaney, Dennis M; Roth, Barry http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1632 Wed, 01 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1632 1980-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1634 Eight species of the gastropod genus Conus co-occur in sand substrate and an adjacent meadow of Halimeda stuposa in Enewetak lagoon, an unusually diverse assemblage for this type of habitat. Population density is high, and large species predominate; they represent all major feeding groups in the genus: predators on polychaetes, enteropneusts, gastropods, and fishes. Although the two most common Conus species eat primarily the same prey species, they mainly take prey of different sizes in different microhabitats. The results suggest that sufficient microhabitat heterogeneity and prey diversity exist to permit spatial segregation and specialization on different prey resources by the different Conus species present. Between-species dissimilarity in resource use thus agrees with previous observations on more diverse Conus assemblages of subtidal coral reef platforms. Prey species diversity is inversely related to body size, confirming and extending a previously identified pattern among Conus species that prey on sedentary polychaetes. Wed, 01 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1634 1980-10-01T00:00:00Z Kohn, Alan J http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1633 A population of Achatinella mustelina occupying four trees within a 5 x 5-m quadrat on a ridge in the Waianae Mountains of Oahu, Hawaii, was studied by mark-recapture techniques. Between September 1974 and December 1975, 222 snails were individually marked and measured. Recapture analyses indicate that the standing population consisted of about 220 snails, of which an average of 40 percent were large enough to be sexually reproductive. Growth of A. mustelina was found to be slow, averaging about 2 mm increase in length per year from a birth size of 4.50 mm to a size at terminal growth of 18.44 mm. Maturity is estimated to occur at an age of 6.9 yr. During the course of the study, snails belonging to the introduced predatory species Euglandina rosea were found progressively nearer the study site. In August 1979, shells of E. rosea were abundant in and about the study area and no living specimens of A. mustelina or any other arboreal snail species could be found. We conclude that E. rosea was responsible for the destruction of the population under study and that species with life histories similar to that of A. mustelina stand little chance of surviving the ravages of such introduced predators. Wed, 01 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1633 1980-10-01T00:00:00Z Hadfield, Michael G; Mountain, Barbara Shank http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1635 The first Pogonophora to be reported from the Hawaiian region have been found in collections made near Oahu and Lanai islands, dredged from depths between 275 and 595 m. New species of Siboglinum and Oligobrachia are described. Wed, 01 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1635 1980-10-01T00:00:00Z Southward, Eve C http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1631 The Albert L. Tester Memorial Symposium is held in honor of Professor Albert Tester who, at the time of his death in 1974, was Senior Professor of Zoology at the University of Hawaii. The facuIty and students of the Department of Zoology proposed an annual symposium of student research papers as a means of honoring, in a continuing and active way, Dr. Tester's lively encouragement of student research in a broad range of fields within marine biology. Papers reporting original research on any aspect of biology are solicited from students at the University and these papers are presented at the symposium, which takes place during the spring semester. Income from contributions to the Albert L. Tester Memorial Fund of the University of Hawaii Foundation are used to provide two prizes for the best papers by graduate students in the Department of Zoology. Papers are judged on quality, originality, and importance of research reported, as well as the quality of the public presentation. Judges include several members of the faculty of the Department of Zoology as well as winners of the symposium from the preceding year, when possible. In addition, a distinguished scholar from another university is invited to participate in the symposium as a judge and to present the major symposium address. This year Dr. Gareth Nelson of the American Museum of Natural History, a former student of Dr. Tester, participated in the symposium. Tue, 01 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1631 1980-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1630 This study follows the colonization of marine fishes in a newly created Hawaiian harbor over a 5-year period. The inner harbor serves as a nursery ground; habitats in this area are distinguished by high turbidity, lowered salinities, long water-residence times, and a general lack of cover that renders the area unsuitable for colonization by many coral reef fishes. There appears to be a diminishing gradient of these characteristics in a seaward direction, which may be causal to the observed increase in marine fish species. A simple colonization curve (number of species over time) suggests that 80-87 species represented an equilibrial number of species under ecological conditions as they existed at the termination of this study within the harbor; about 50 months following construction was required to attain this status. The data suggest that seven of these colonizing species appear to be the most opportunistic. These fishes are probably generalists in their habitat requirements, and thus may be expected to colonize and persist in other similar newly opened habitats in the Hawaiian Islands. Tue, 01 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1630 1980-07-01T00:00:00Z Brock, Richard E http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1629 Observations of physical structure and circulation are reported and analyzed. Groundwater discharges into the harbor are large and dominate an unusual circulation pattern that produces excellent flushing. A simple numerical model is used to determine residence times, which are found to be of order 12 hr. Tue, 01 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1629 1980-07-01T00:00:00Z Gallagher, Brent http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1628 The phytoplankton properties of this nutrient-enriched, vertically stratified harbor show remarkably oligotrophic characteristics considering the eutrophying potential of groundwater nutrient input. Generally, low phytoplankton biomass levels (0.06-0.70 mg chlorophyll a/m3 ) and productivity rates (0.30-5.1 mg C/m3/hr) prevail within the harbor. Zooplankton standing stocks within Honokohau Harbor were highest in the most inland reaches of the basin and showed marked increases (numerically about 28 times and 6 times by dry weight) over levels in adjacent coastal areas. Enteric bacterial (total and fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci) levels were low, despite evidence of sewage leakage into the harbor, reflecting both low input and rapid flushing rates of the basin. The vertical profiles of phytoplankton parameters reflect the peculiar thermohaline stratification of the water column. Despite high surface nutrient levels, a strongly stratified nutricline apparently limits availability to the subsurface (oceanic) phytoplankton populations. This study discusses the importance of advective removal (via flushing) and grazing in controlling phytoplankton stocks within the basin. Tue, 01 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1628 1980-07-01T00:00:00Z Bienfang, P; Johnson, W http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1627 This study describes the water quality characteristics of a subtropical embayment that is markedly affected by the infiltration of cold, nutrient-rich groundwater. The spatial, vertical, and tidal variations of physicochemical characteristics (e.g., temperature, salinity, oxygen, turbidity) and nutrients (e.g., nitrate, phosphate, ammonium) are depicted and show conditions of pronounced stratification. The harbor supports an unusual two-layered structure of cold, brackish, nutrient-rich waters overlying a warm, low-nutrient, oceanic layer. Temperature and salinity range from 20.5 to 24.5°C and from 18.1 to 35%0 at the surface and bottom (5.5 m), respectively. High nutrient levels in the surface layer (about 30 ug-atoms N03 -/liter and 2 ug-atoms PO4 3 -/liter and the close correlation with thermohaline parameters identify groundwater intrusion as the major nutrient source. The prolific (1.5-2 million gallons per day) and continual groundwater influx produces persistent flow out of the harbor irrespective of the tidal condition and produces harbor flushing rates six to ten times those calculated for tidal flushing alone. The potential eutrophying effects of the groundwater nutrients are avoided as a result of the rapid harbor flushing. This study details the potential impact of groundwater nutrients on the aesthetic and water quality character of island coastal developments, indicates that consideration of terrestrial features (e.g., land slope, rainfall) cannot be used to predict the likelihood or extent of groundwater effects, and describes the importance of infrastructure design to optimize flushing as a critical criterion in maintaining good water quality in such embayments. Tue, 01 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1627 1980-07-01T00:00:00Z Bienfang, P http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1626 Tue, 01 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1626 1980-07-01T00:00:00Z Brusca, Gary J http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1625 Barygenys parvula, the seventh species of its genus, is described from the Adelbert Mountains. The genus is endemic to Papua New Guinea, and the new species is the first of its genus known from the north coast of New Guinea. Interspecific relationships among Barygenys are discussed, and a revised key to the species is presented. Tue, 01 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1625 1980-07-01T00:00:00Z Zweifel, Richard G http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1624 Tue, 01 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1624 1980-07-01T00:00:00Z Lamberts, Austin E http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1623 The reproductive biology of Typosyllis pulchra from the coast of Washington has been investigated based on observations of animals in the field and stolonization in the laboratory by both field-collected and cultured animals. Like most Syllinae, T. pulchra reproduces by stolonization, i.e., each individual produces 3-4 posterior, detachable, gamete-bearing stolons during consecutive 30-day intervals. Although some regenerating segments are incorporated into the stolons, in this species new stolons consist primarily of stock body segments. Reproductive animals occur in the field from late January through July; maximum reproductive activity is between April and June. Long days apparently promote reproduction, but lunar synchronization of spawning could not be demonstrated. Larval development is described based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Fertilization is external; developing larvae settle within 75 hr. The development of cephalic structures (eyes and antennae) is precocious compared to other Syllinae that have been studied, and the sequence of parapodium formation is unusual. Tue, 01 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1623 1980-07-01T00:00:00Z Heacox, Albert E