http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1047 Sat, 18 May 2013 11:43:15 GMT 2013-05-18T11:43:15Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1459 Sun, 01 Jan 1978 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1459 1978-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1458 Manganiferous soil concretions have been located in pineapple and sugar cane plantations of the Schofield Plateau, Oahu, and black manganiferous coatings on the surface of soils have been observed on the crests of embankments next to pineapple plantations on Oahu, Molokai, and Lanai. The concretions and coatings are found inoxisols derived from volcanic parent material. The moisture regime of the soils is characterized by alternate wet and dry periods. This alternation facilitates remobilization and reprecipitation of manganese and to a much lesser extent iron and associated trace metals in the soils. Optimum conditions for manganiferous soil concretion development are encountered on the Schofield Plateau, where mean annual rainfall exceeds 1000 mm/year but where there is a net evaporation loss from the soils during the dry period (May through October). Remobilization of manganese is less pronounced in the oxisols of Molokai and Lanai, where mean annual rainfall is lower. Thin manganiferous coatings rather than concretions therefore form in these islands. The contents of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Ni of the soils on which Hawaiian concretions form are higher than those of New Zealand soils in which manganese soil concretions are found. This is reflected by the much redder color of the Hawaiian concretion-bearing soils compared with their New Zealand counterparts. Rare earths show an enrichment sequence: parent rock ---+ soil ---+ soil concretion. A small positive Ce anomaly is noted in the soil and is more marked in the concretions. This may be due to the increasing oxidation of Ce in the concretions relative to the soil, although contamination of the soil by concretionary material may also playa role. The parent rock shows no Ce anomaly. Barium and Pb are enriched in concretions relative to the surrounding soil, whereas D, Th, Hf, Nb, Zr, and As are present in similar or higher concentrations in the soil relative to the concretions. Arsenic may follow Fe in the soils. Todorokite is the predominant manganese mineral in the Hawaiian soil concretions, not pyrolusite as previously reported. Scanning electron microscope studies show the crystalline nature of the manganese oxide minerals in the concretions. Mon, 01 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1458 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z Glasby, GP; Rankin, PC; Meylan, MA http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1457 Taxonomic relationships among five taxa of Vicia, traditionally recognized at the species level, were studied. Data used included plant and seed morphology, seed amino acid content, palynology, and cytology. Two Old World species, V. dumetorum Linnaeus and V. pisij'ormis Linnaeus, are shown not to be closely related to the Hawaiian and American taxa. The Hawaiian species, V. menziesii Sprengel, is maintained as a species and is shown to be closely related to V. gigantea Hooker of North America and V. nigricans Hooker & Arnott of South America. The latter two species are treated as subspecies under the name V. nigricans. The karyotype and chromosome number are reported for the first time for the endangered species, V. menziesii. Mon, 01 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1457 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z Lassetter, J Stuart; Gunn, Charles R http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1456 Mon, 01 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1456 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1455 Nineteen species of aeolid nudibranchs are here recorded from the Hawaiian Islands. The natural history and distribution of each species is described. Morphological accounts of these taxa are provided and their systematic status is discussed. The status of an additional three species, previously recorded from the Hawaiian Islands but not encountered in this study, is reviewed. Based on the study of the Hawaiian aeolidacean nudibranch fauna, the systematics of the Facelinidae are reviewed. An examination of the zoogeographical affinities of the Hawaiian aeolid fauna suggests that many taxa have a typical Indo-West Pacific distribution. However, a significant portion of the fauna is substantially more widely distributed and appears to be circumtropical. Mon, 01 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1455 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z Gosliner, Terrence M http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1454 Some small collections of alpheid shrimp resulting from the participation of the United States research vessels in the International Indian Ocean Expeditions are reported: 53 species in six genera were collected, with many of the collection records extending the known range of the various species within the Indian Ocean. Two new species are described from the deeper sublittoral zone: Synalpheus cretoculatus from off the southern tip of Burma and Synalpheus somalia from the oceanic coast of Somalia near the Gulf of Aden. Mon, 01 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1454 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z Banner, Albert H; Banner, Dora M http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1453 Mon, 01 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1453 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z Randall, John E; Chess, James R http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1452 Several hundred humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, assemble each winter to mate and calve in the nearshore waters adjoining the main islands of Hawaii. Their behavior provides a spectacular display for shore observers and passing boaters. Historical evidence suggests that this population of whales invaded its current Hawaiian habitat only within the last 200 years, and was unknown to the Hawaiians of the pre-European discovery era before 1778. Possible mechanisms for the presumptive recent invasion include dispersion from other areas, accelerated by chronic whaling pressure, and long-term changes in locations of major North Pacific watermasses affecting preferred surface temperature characteristics. A number of short-term local changes in preferred sites within the Hawaiian habitat have apparently occurred in the last 125 years in response to shore-based whaling activities during the midnineteenth century, disturbances to the marine environment during World War II, and offshore effects of the poststatehood construction boom on Oahu after 1959. The major habitat shift and the various local site alterations were seen as adaptive responses of the whales to changes in important physical or psychological characteristics of their assembly areas. Mon, 01 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1452 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z Herman, Louis M http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1451 Mon, 01 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1451 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z