http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1046 Thu, 23 May 2013 05:53:14 GMT 2013-05-23T05:53:14Z http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:80/bitstream/id/2930/PacSci.jpg http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1046 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1496 Mon, 01 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1496 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1495 Mon, 01 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1495 1979-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1494 Mon, 01 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1494 1979-10-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1493 Mon, 01 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1493 1979-10-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1492 Mon, 01 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1492 1979-10-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1491 Mon, 01 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1491 1979-10-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1490 Mon, 01 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1490 1979-10-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1489 Mon, 01 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1489 1979-10-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1488 Mon, 01 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1488 1979-10-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1487 Mon, 01 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1487 1979-10-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1486 Mon, 01 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1486 1979-10-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1485 Mon, 01 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1485 1979-10-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1484 Mon, 01 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1484 1979-10-01T00:00:00Z St. John, Harold http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1483 Mon, 01 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1483 1979-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1482 The penaeid prawns Penaeus semisulcatus and Metapenaeus ensis were surveyed in Fanga'uta Lagoon, Tongatapu, between July 1975 and August 1976. Catch rates indicate maximum abundance of P. semisulcatus from September to November and minimum abundance between January and February. Juveniles were found in March. Maximum abundance of M. ensis occurred from mid-October to January and minimum abundance from mid-February to mid-April. Spawning occurred outside the lagoon between January and March, and juveniles were found in the lagoon in late April. All areas of the lagoon show a similar pattern of catch rates. Catch rates of prawns were reduced by one-third during the light phase of the moon, and the full moon appears to be a factor associated with moulting in M. ensis. Sun, 01 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1482 1979-07-01T00:00:00Z Braley, Richard D http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1481 A new stenopodidean shrimp, Spongicoloides novaezelandiae sp. nov., taken in a depth of about 1000 m in the Chatham Rise is described and illustrated. It is somewhat similar to the east Atlantic Spongicoloides evolutus (Bouvier), from which it is readily distinguished by the number of gills on the maxillipeds. The genus Spongicoloides Hansen, previously known only from the Atlantic, is recorded for the first time from New Zealand waters as well as from the Pacific. Sun, 01 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1481 1979-07-01T00:00:00Z Baba, Keiji http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1480 A population of Conus pennaceus Born was examined at Hauula, Oahu, and was found to include darkly pigmented specimens referable to C. elisae Kiener. The larvae from an egg mass laid by one of the darkly pigmented cones were reared in the laboratory. Of seven surviving larvae, six developed the C. pennaceus color pattern, while one developed the. C. elisae pattern. It was concluded that Hawaiian cone shells which have in the past been referred to C. elisae are simply rare color forms of C. pennaceus. Sun, 01 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1480 1979-07-01T00:00:00Z Perron, Frank E http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1479 Terebrid gastropods of the genus Hastula are found in great abundance on fine-sand beaches throughout the tropics. Hastula inconstans, a species common to surf beaches in the Hawaiian Islands, is the first hastula for which a complete life history is known. Hastula inconstans is a primary carnivore, preying exclusively on Dispio magna, a tube-dwelling, depositfeeding spionid polychaete. The gastropod lives just beyond the surf zone and exhibits well-developed adaptations that permit survival in this habitat. The broad, fleshy foot, used in anchoring the snail in the sand and in rapid reburrowing, is also highly modified as a "sail" which carries H. inconstans up and down the beach with the passage of waves. A highly specialized foregut contains long retractile labial and buccal tubes, which, combined with a poison bulb and radular teeth, rapidly sting, immobilize, and ingest prey. The snail lies buried in the sand when not feeding, but emerges when prey are detected by distance chemoreception. Nearby prey are reached by rapidly crawling over the sand surface, and prey at a distance are reached by using the foot to "sail" to their location. In either case, contact with the prey is first made by the propodium of the foot, rapidly followed by proboscis eversion. After contact is made, the prey is stabbed by a radular tooth held by the buccal tube, poison is injected into the wound, and engulfing of the worm begins. This entire sequence occurs between the passage of waves, and the snail usually reburrows to continue feeding before the next wave arrives. The sexes in Hastula inconstans are separate. Mating takes place above the sand while the animals are coupled and rolling freely in the surf, and approximately 40 spherical eggs are later deposited in a capsule covering a small piece of basalt. Larvae metamorphose when they are less than 1 mm in length and reach 3-5 mm in length by late spring. Individuals grow between 0.5 and 0.8 mm per month, reaching a maximum size of 34 mm, which suggests an average life-span of 3-4 years. Other hastulas with a proboscis nearly identical in structure to that of H. inconstans exhibit similar life history aspects, including habitat choice and prey specificity. It is suggested that feeding types may not only be useful as a diagnostic characteristic, but also in predicting basic life history aspects throughout the family. Sun, 01 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1479 1979-07-01T00:00:00Z Miller, Bruce A http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1478 In Bodega Harbor, California, the nemertean Paranemertes peregrina spawns in June or July. Adults in the study area were small in comparison to worms found on two Washington mud flats. Population density of active worms averaged 7.38 worms/m2, with much variation due to time of day of low tides. Approximately 28 percent of the active population ate during the low tide periods that were sampled. Prey included spionids, nephtyids, polychaetes with capillary setae, and syllids (in decreasing importance). The number of prey families in the diet of California nemerteans was higher than in the two Washington mud flat populations and preferred nereid prey was less abundant in California and comprised less of the total diet of nemerteans there. Spionids were the major prey of California nemerteans in spring and summer; nereids were the major prey in fall and winter. In food preference tests, nemerteans showed negative responses to phoronids and lumbrinerids and positive responses to Nephtys caecoides. In comparison to three Washington populations, the population in Bodega Harbor was most similar to a rocky intertidal population and much different from two mud flat populations. Sun, 01 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1478 1979-07-01T00:00:00Z Roe, Pamela http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1477 The small Indian mongoose, Herpestes auropunctalus (Carnivora: Viverridae), and the roof rat, Rattus rattus, and the Polynesian rat, Rattus exulans (both Rodentia: Muridae), are abundant in Waipio Valley, island of Hawaii. Two other murid rodents, the house· mouse, Mus musculus, and the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus, are sporadic or rare in occurrence. As carriers of serotypes of the bacterium Leptospira interrogans (Spirochaetales: Treponemataceae), which is transmissible to humans, this assemblage of introduced mammals is of public health significance, for numerous cases of leptospirosis, or Weil's disease, have been traced to the valley. Population density of the mongoose was estimated at 2.3 per acre; for rats, it fluctuated seasonally from I to 11 per acre. The serotypes icterohemorrhagiae and sejroe were found in the mongoose in a 40:60 ratio by the kidney culture method. Combined kidney culture and serological tests on 180 mongooses showed a high of 34 percent overall infection in winter and a summer low of 9.4 percent. Of 33 house mice tested by culture only, ballum was isolated from 21 and icterohemorrhagiae from two. One isolation of icterohemorrhagiae was made from four Norway rats examined. For 126 roof rats tested by serology and kidney culture, 68 percent of adults and 26 percent of young were infected; and for 175 Polynesian rats, 34 percent of adults and 26 percent of young were infected. The Polynesian rat demonstrated a lesser persistence of the serum titer phase of the disease than did the roof rat. Icterohemorrhagiae made up 95 percent and ballum the remaining 5 percent of infections in the roof rat. For the Polynesian rat the ratio was 75: 25. Free-ranging rats under observation for as long as 8 months acquired or lost infections, as determined by repeated serological tests. The wet subtropical climate of Waipio Valley supports conditions for transmission of leptospirosis among small mammals, and possibly to humans, even in times of drought. No prominent differences were observed in the infection rates in the lower valley at 30 ft above sea level and 1.7 miles inland at 120 ft. In the forested watershed of the valley rim at 3000 ft, conditions of infection by species of host and by serotype of L. interrogans matched elosely those found on the valley floor. Tests of 152 water samples from streams, ponds, and taro patches resulted in isolations only of saprophytic leptospires, although temperatures, salinities, and pH concentrations appeared to be favorable for the support of pathogenic forms. Sun, 01 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1477 1979-07-01T00:00:00Z Tomich, P Quentin