http://hdl.handle.net/10125/961 http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/retrieve/2793 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/961 Search the Channel search http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/10125/12589 Title: 40: Index - Pacific Science http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1056 Title: 40:1-4 Table of Contents - Pacific Science http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1010 Title: Abstracts of Papers: Eleventh Annual Albert L. Tester Memorial Symposium http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1009 Title: Amaranthus interruptus R. Br. on Jarvis Island in the Central Pacific<br/><br/>Author(s): Eliasson, Uno H<br/><br/>Abstract: Amaranthus interruptus R. Br.,' a principally Australian species,has been recorded on Jarvis Island in the Central Pacific. The plant is supposedto have been introduced to the island some time between 1924 and 1935. Itevidently became well established and was still there in 1964. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1008 Title: A Revision of Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) in Eastern Melanesia<br/><br/>Author(s): Webster, Grady L<br/><br/>Abstract: In eastern Melanesia (New Hebrides to Fiji and Tonga), Phyllanthusis represented by eight native species in three subgenera (Isocladus, Anisonema,and Gomphidium); in addition, there are three introduced weedy speciesin the subgenus Phyllanthus. Two new species belonging to the section Gomphidiumare described: Phyllanthus amicorum from Eua, Tonga, and P. smithianusfrom Viti Levu, Fiji. The native woody species of Phyllanthus from Fiji andTonga are not closely related to those of New Caledonia but instead showaffinities to species of Palau and New Guinea, while the single endemic speciesfrom the New Hebrides is closely related to New Caledonian species. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1006 Title: A Synopsis of Native Hawaiian Araliaceae<br/><br/>Author(s): Lowry, Porter P II<br/><br/>Abstract: The four genera of Araliaceae native to Hawaii, Cheirodendron,Munroidendron, Reynoldsia, and Tetraplasandra, comprise 13 species and 2subspecies, significantly fewer than have been recognized in previous treatments.Three new combinations are made: C.forbesii (Sherff) Lowry, C. platyphyllumssp. kauaiense (Krajina) Lowry, and C. trigynum ssp. helleri (Sherff) Lowry.Keys are provided to the genera, species, and subspecies, and a complete synonymyis given for each taxon. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1005 Title: Weather, Eucalyptus Dieback in New England, and a General Hypothesis of the Cause of Dieback<br/><br/>Author(s): White, TCR<br/><br/>Abstract: On the New England Tablelands in Australia between 1950 and1980 very many eucalypts declined and died. This dieback was strongly correlatedwith a change in the pattern of rainfall. Starting from 1945, trees were morefrequently exposed during the growing season to excess of soil moisture followedimmediately by a shortage of water. Several species of Eucalyptus were affected,but those species which normally grow on poorly drained sites died firstand continued, even on better sites, to be the species worst and most frequentlyaffected. Declining trees were heavily and repeatedly attacked by defoliatinginsects. The same species had declined and died in the same localities approximately100 years earlier. In this century declines and diebacks in other parts ofAustralia and overseas showed many similarities to that of eucalypts in NewEngland and to each other. In particular , they have been associated with departureof rainfall from the norm and with insects and fungi attacking mostly oldtrees and species growing on harsh sites.It is proposed here that the primary cause of diebacks and declines is a changein the pattern of rainfall which physiologically stresses trees via changes in theavailability of water to their roots. Senescing and suppressed trees and thosegrowing on sites most prone to be flooded and dried out will be first and worstaffected. Defoliating and cambium-feeding insects and root-killing fungi aresecondary, successfully attacking only stressed trees. They may hasten the declineand eventual death of badly stressed trees. Predators are more successful onstressed trees because more of their young survive when they feed on tissues mademore nutritious by the release of nutrients during senescence induced by waterstress. The extent to which they can attack successfully depends on the frequencyand amplitude of stress the trees experience. Thus declines and diebacks are butone extreme of a continuum of response of trees to physiological stress; at theother extreme are small, short-lived increases of predators on one or a few trees.Outbreaks of insects and fungi of varying duration and severity fall between thesetwo extremes. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1003 Title: The Lizards of Rarotonga and Mangaia, Cook Island Group, Oceania<br/><br/>Author(s): Crombie, Ronald I; Steadman, David W<br/><br/>Abstract: Eight species of lizards are reported from the islands of Rarotongaand Mangaia with comments on their distribution, ecology, reproduction,and variation. Particular attention is given to systematic problems in the genusCryptoblepharus and pattern polymorphism in Emoia cyanura. Emoia trossula,recently described from Fiji, is reported for the first time in the Cook Islands.Historic and zoogeographic evidence suggests that most species of lizards arrivedon Rarotonga and Mangaia in Polynesian voyaging canoes within the past 1000years, although Gehyra mutilata and Hemidactylus garnotii may have arrived byincidental boat or air transport in the past several decades. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1002 Title: Two New Species of Rails (Aves: Rallidae) from Mangaia , Southern Cook Islands<br/><br/>Author(s): Steadman, David W<br/><br/>Abstract: Two species of rails, Porzana rua n. sp. and Gallirallus ripleyi n.sp., are described from bones of late Holocene age found in caves on Mangaia,southern Cook Islands. Their relatively small pectoral elements show that bothof these species were flightless. Porzana rua resembles most closely the living P.atra of Henderson Island and the recently extinct P. monasa of Kosrae Island,Carolines. Gallirallus ripleyi is most similar to the recently extinct G. wakensis ofWake Island. Some combination of predation and habitat alteration by humansand introduced mammals (rats, dogs, and pigs) is probably responsible for theextinction of P. rua and G. ripleyi within the past 1000 years. Fossils of a thirdspecies of rail from the Mangaian caves are referred to the living species Porzanatabuensis , although these specimens may represent an undescribed subspecies.Porzana tabuensis might survive on Mangaia and elsewhere in the southern CookIslands, although entire specimens have never been collected . An X ray of theonly two specimens (skins) of Porzana monasa (Kittlitz) shows that this speciesfrom Kosrae (Kusai) Island, Carolines, was flightless or nearly so. It is likely thatall islands in the Pacific were inhabited by one or more species of flightless railbefore the arrival of humans. In both Porzana and Gallirallus, at least one earlywave of colonization produced flightless species throughout Oceania, followedby a less thorough and much more recent (probably late Holocene) wave ofcolonization by the volant P. tabuensis and G. philippensis. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1001 Title: Diel Movements of Resident and Transient Zooplankters Above Lagoon Reefs at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands.<br/><br/>Author(s): Hobson, Edmund S; Chess, James R<br/><br/>Abstract: Of those zooplankters above reefs on the lagoon shelf atEnewetak Atoll at some time during the diel cycle, the vast majority of thoselarger than about 1.5 mm were there only at night. Many of these larger formswere local residents that by day sheltered in or near shelf substrata, or in swarmsclose to these substrata, and at night made purposeful forays above the shelf.Many others, however, were transients from the deeper regions of the lagoon, orfrom the open sea outside the atoll, and these were above the shelf at night bychance. The residents included various polychaetes, cypridinacean ostracods,copepods, mysids, tan aids, isopods, amphipods, and carideans. The transientswere mostly holoplankters that included halocyprid ostracods, calanoidcopepods, euphausids, and chaetognaths. Both residents and transients wereabove the shelf at night as a result of diel vertical migrations. The residents wereadapted to stay within reach of their diurnal habitats while in the nocturnal watercolumn, often by avoiding currents, and so were readily able to return to thosehabitats at dawn. The open-water transients, however, lacked such adaptations,and, as a result, probably many were stranded in the shallows above the shelfat dawn, unable to return to their daytime depths and probably vulnerable toplanktivorous fishes.